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Full text of "Yidishe geแนญo-ksฬ€ovim Vฬฃarshe, 1940-1943"

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ืชื’ ืž8ืž1.ืŸ ื—ืืคื•1ื•ืžืชืž1ื ืฆ 41,ื“1611ื 6ืชืข2ืขืž8ืž/2ืข21ืขืค ืืข ืฆืข1ืค 


8 ืกืื• 


41ื1ืฆ28160-8960ื’) ื˜ืืืคื•ืข1ืฆ 


ื™ืข 
4 ื˜ 


ืชืก447606199 6 117024 


ืฆืฆืคืฆื˜,ื–4,ืข 48 ื–ื /1ื 1 
08 1,261 01:) ื˜ืž ืืขืฉื™ื“ื’, 111 ืžื•ืค!ื ืคืžืกื–ืฆ 


2 


ืื” ื“ืื•ืื™) 8668 ื•ืคื•ื˜ืกื 1ืฆ, ื–ื ื116,/ื•ื• 


ืค5ื“ื–ื“ืขืคื˜ืข1,8559861ื , 51 111 ื’, 




















ืื˜ ื“ืืขืก ืฆืกืกื ืชืžืคื ืกื˜ืคื ืฆ 41 ื10ื“ืข, ื 
ืคื“ื“ืขืคื˜4-4 ,59 1ื , 1ื“ืค ืขื˜ 1ื“ ื“ืข 


60 881124ืž19110ืคืกื ืฆ | 250-4900 413 


)ืชืข0ืก. ืžืข ื•ื™ืืข6ืืฆ0ืก80ืžื’ืค1ื ืกืž1ืฆ. ืฆื™ืขืœืขืฅ 


ืขืชื“ ืชืกืข ืกืคืื–ืกืคืชืืฉ? ืขืก ืŸื,ื–ื 
ืฆืชืข4ื ืชืž1ืŸ1 ืชืค1ื•ืžืžื ืฆ }ื’,;11ื˜ืกื•1ื ืกืชืข8 ืŸืขืค ืืง ืฆ4ืข1ืค 


;ืฆื ืคืขืคื•ื ืฆืกืขืข ,ืœืข 


4 1 01960ื˜) .ื 1006 1 

1 1ื–ื˜06ืฅื˜) 106 67 4716/ 
/ื“111ื–ื–ื1 11811ื˜711ื‘) ื–ื–ื•ืกื ื•ื–ืฉ6ืค 1116 
101111601101 1 ื–111/50//10 .ื ื—ื–ื—ื˜ื–ืกื ื”ื•ื— 100016 
8160 208 
06 +ื–6ื˜10 
1ืก1011110011 16/3008 151911160118 
0561 .ื›ืŸ /161 

1010111115/6 800 614 5001 
101111601101 679ื˜0111/'ืฉ 160116116 8114 /ืจื–ื–ื”ื‘ืŸ 
2 ืขืก ืคืžืชืื˜ื–ืืฅ ืกื ืคึผืžืชืขืžื–ืืชื–ื ื–ื 
ื–6116) 000 310615/1 8 1101 


{ืกืกืชืฅืค 1201010021 8 68000/4.18ืงืŸ 201060 ืขืก ,6ื˜ื—ื˜ 6ืฐ00/66 ืกืช 1 
ื–ืกื–1 002068 ืชืกืชืง010ืก ืขื˜ืก ืข10 ืชืกื—ื”ื–1ืงืคืช1 ืกืช 1 . ืฉ016811014 100150 04 
.151261 ,0ื–16:05216 }0 1ืช11202 600161/' 2084 0ืก1ืกืช 406 ืฉื˜ 4692 8 


1285 /?ื–ืกืงืŸืกืขื ืง 4611606021ืช1 ืกืช8 +12ืขืฅืขืงืกืก 106 16506048 /6016-) 8008 ืช310015 21ืช14210 ืกืช 1 
ืชื–ื’ืžื ืกืก ืกืกื˜ืง ืกื—} ืช1 /6ื—614 18 4106 415 ,1606ื˜ืฉืกืชื ืขื˜ืก 04 0684 106 10 .ืคืืกืกื˜ ;ื˜ืก ืชื– 
-1460414160 06 ื’ืก ื–106ืก0 124ืขืฅืขืงืกืก +ืชืกืขื–ื˜ืก ืกืช ื—ืก1ืชื˜ืฆ 104 ืืขืกื˜ืฅ ืชื’ืืงื–ืก ืชื’ 15 +1 ืขืก 
-- 0068 ืกืชื˜ื– ืฉืฉืกื—ื ื˜ืกืฅ 14 ืขืก - ืฆืขืกื˜ืฆ 4018 0 +18ืฆืฅืงืกืก 6ืข2061 ืชื’ 0(ืกืช ื˜ืกืฅ 1 
.18061ื˜0ืฅ8ืข01981121110 21 11ื’ืชื–ืก ืฆื˜ ืขืก ,153ื 413-256-4900 24 ืกืชืกืชืง ืขื˜ 5ื˜ 024204ืก 16256ืงืŸ 


ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ 


ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ื’ืขื˜ืึธ-ื›ึผืชื‘ื™ื 
ืฐืึทืจืฉืข 1940 - 1943 


ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืฆื ืœืกื•ืŸ 


ื›ืชื‘ื™ื ืžื”ื’ื™ื˜ื• ื‘ื™ื™ื“ื™ืฉ 


ื•ืืจืฉื” 1940 - 1943 


ื”ื”ื“ื™ืจ ืœืคื™ ื›ืชื‘ื™-ื™ื“ ืฉื ื™ืฆืœื• 
ื•ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืžื‘ื•ืื•ืช ื•ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ื 


ื™ื—ื™ืืœ ืฉื™ื™ื ื˜ื•ืš - 


ืกื“ืจืช ืกืคืจื™ื ืข"ืฉ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืฆื•ืงืจืžืŸ 


ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ 
ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ื’ืขื˜ืึธ-ื›ึผืชื‘ื™ื 


ืฐืึทืจืฉืข 1940 - 1943 


ืึทืจืฑืกื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืœื•ื˜ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืจืึทื˜ืขืฐืขื˜ืข ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“ืŸ 
ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืจืฒึทื ืคื™ืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ 


ื™ื—ื–ื™ืืœ ืฉื™ื™ื ื˜ื•ืš 


ื‘ื™ืช ืœื•ื—ืžื™ ื”ื’ื™ื˜ืื•ืช ืื•ืŸ ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“ 
ืชืฉืž"ื“ - 1984 


ื’ืจืึทืคื™ืง: ืืœืขื–ืจ ื’ืœืขื“ 


60 
ื‘ื™ืช ืœื•ื—ืžื™ ื”ื’ื™ื˜ืื•ืช 
4 ,1100356 8'ื–118016 000110) 
ืกื“ืจ-ืฆื™ืœื•ื, ื“ืคื•ืก ืžื•ืคืช, ืช"ื 
ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ื•ื”ื“ืคืกื”, ื“ืคื•ืก "ื—ื“ืงืœื™ื™ ื‘ืข"ืž, ืช"ื 


1 ืžื•ึน 2110466 


ื”ืงื“ืžื” 


8 ื™ืึธืจ ื ืึธืš ื“ืขื ืฐื™ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ื‘ืึทื’ืจืึธื‘ืขื ืข ืฉืจื™ืคื˜ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืึทืจืฑืกื’ืขื‘ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจืขื“ืึทืงื˜ืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืืฑืกื’ืึทื‘ืข ื–ื™ืš ืคืึทืจืžืึธืกื˜ืŸ ืฆื• ื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจืŸ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ 
ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืึทืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืœืข ืืฑืกื’ืึทื‘ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืฉืจื™ืคื˜ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฉืึทืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ืึธืงื•ืคึผื™ืจื˜ืขืจ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ, ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื ืฒึท ื“ืขืฉื™ืคืจื™ืจื˜ ืœื•ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจื‘ืœื™ื‘ืขื ืข ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“ืŸ. 
ื“ื™ ืื™ืฆื˜ื™ืงืข ืืฑื™ืกื’ืึทื‘ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื™. ืง'ืก ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ื›ึผืชื‘ื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข ืึทื ื˜ื”ืึทืœื˜ ืึท ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ืฆืึธืœ ื ืฒึทื™ืข ื“ืขืฉื™ืคืจื™ืจื˜ืข 
ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื‘ื™ื– ืื™ืฆื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ืขืจืฉื™ื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืจื•ืง, ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉืขืจ 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’: ื™. ืง'ืก ืชึผื "ืš-ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ "ืขืคืขื ื•ื ื’ ืฆื• ืึท ืชึผื "ืš-ืึธื•ื•ื ื˜", ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ื“ืจืึทืžืึทื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืžืึธื ืึธืœืึธื’ "ื”ืึทื ื“ืœ" ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืจืึทืžืข "ืื™ื•ื‘", ื•ื™ ืื•ื™ืš ืคืจืึทื’ืžืขื ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™. ืง'ืก ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ 
ื›ืจืึธื ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข ืฉืึทืคื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ื“ืขืจืฉื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ื“ืึธ ืฆื•ื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืžืึธืœ, ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื›ืจืึธื ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืฉืŸ ืกื“ืจ. 
ืœืขืฆื˜ื ืก ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ื“ืจืึทืžืข "ืื™ื•ื‘" ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืขืจืฉื™ื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข, ืืฑืฃ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ, ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืœืขื˜ืขืจ ืคืึทืจ 
ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข, ื‘ืึทื ื“ ืื, ืื™ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ 1981, ืื•ืŸ ืฆื• ืื•ื ื“ื– ื“ืขืจื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ ืกื•ืฃ 1982. ืื•ื™ืš ื“ื™ ื“ืจืึทืžืข "ืขืœ ื ื”ืจื•ืช 
ื‘ื‘ืœ", ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคื•ืœ ืข ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ "ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืฉืœืžื” ื–ืฉืขืœื™ื›ืึธื•ื•ืกืงื™" ืื–ึฟืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืขืžืข "ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ 
ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืจืึทื“ื–ื™ื ืขืจ", ื•ื• ืื•ื™ืš ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธืขืžืข *42-- 14/8 ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืง", ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื ืฒึท 
ื“ืขืฉื™ืคืจื™ืจื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืœื•ื˜ ื“ื™ ืึธืจื™ื’ื™ื ืขืœืข ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“ืŸ. ื–ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื“ืึธ ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขื–ื ื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืฆื•ื’ืึธื‘ืŸ ื•ื™ ืื•ื™ืš 
ืžื™ื˜ ืคื™ืœ ืื•ื™ืกื‘ืขืกืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืชึผื™ืงื•ื ื™ื. ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทื ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื™. ืง'ืก ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืฉืจื™ืคื˜ืŸ ืฐืขื˜ ืึทื–ืฑ ืึทืจื•ื ื“ืขืจืžืขื’ืœืขื›ืŸ ืึท 
ืคื•ืœืŸ ืึธืคึผืฉืึทืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ืึธืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ืื•ืžืงื•ื-ืชึผืงื•ืคื” ื‘ืคืจื˜, ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืกืžืš ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืข ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืฉืจื™ืคื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืึทื ืึทืœื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืึทื ื˜ืฐื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืึทืคืŸ ื›ืจืึธื ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืฉ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜, 

ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ืœืŸ ื”ืึธืคืŸ ืึทื– ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืึทื‘ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื™. ืง'ืก ืฉืจื™ืคื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข ืฐื•ืขื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืึทืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืฉืจื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืจื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืึธืคึผื“ืจื•ืงืŸ ื›ึผืกึฐึผื“ืจ ื“ื™ ืžืงื•ืจื™ื ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ-ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืก ืื•ืŸ ืœืึทื’ืขืจืŸ, ื“ื™ 
ืื™ืฆื˜ื™ืงืข ืืฑืกื’ืึทื‘ืข ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืึทืจืฑืกืฆื•ื’ืขื‘ืŸ, ืึธืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึธืคึผื’ืขื˜ืึธื ืขื ืขืจ ื–ืึทืžืœ- ืื•ืŸ 
ืคืึธืจืฉืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ื‘ื™ื– ืื™ืฆื˜, ืึทืจื•ื ื™-ืง'ืก ืฉืึทืคืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ืœื•ื—ืžื™ ื”ื’ื™ื˜ืื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืš ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ืจืฒึท ืฆืขื ื“ืœื™ืง ื™ืึธืจ. 

ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืืฑืกื’ืึทื‘ืข ืฐืขืจืŸ ื‘ืึทื’ืœืฒื˜ ื™ืง'ืก ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืงื•ืจืฆืข ืึทืจืฒึทื ืคื™ืจืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื‘ืึทืœืฒึทื›ื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืฉืข ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ืึธื’ืจืึทืคื™ืฉืข ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืขืŸ ื‘ืฒึท ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืฉืึทืคื•ื ื’ ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทื’ืจื™ื ื“ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธื–ื™ืฆื™ืข 
| ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืคืึทืจ ื–ื™ืš, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืึทืœื’ืขืžืฒื ืขื ื›ืจืึธื ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืฉืŸ ืกื“ืจ. 

ืื™ืŸ ืœืขืฆื˜ืŸ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืืฑืกื’ืึทื‘ืข ืฐืขืจืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืจืึทื›ื˜ ืงื•ืจืฆืข ืฆื•ื”ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืึทืจืฒึทื ืคึฟื™ืจืŸ, ืฐื•ึผ ืขืก ืฐื•ืขืจืŸ 
ื‘ืึทื”ืึทื ื“ืœื˜ ืคึผืจื˜ื™ืžื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืึทื–ืฑื ืข ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืฉืข ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืขืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื‘ืึทืœืฒึทื›ื˜ืŸ ืคึผืึทืจืฉืฒื“ืขื ืข ืกื˜ืึทื“ื™ืขืก ืื™ืŸ 
ื™-ืงื™ืก ืฉืึทืคื•ื ื’ืก-ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก. ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื”ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ ืฐื•ืขืจืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขื‘ืจืึทื›ื˜ ืึท ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื™. ืง'ืก ืึท 
ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉืŸ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ -- ื“ืึธืก ืฐืึธืจื˜ ื’ืขื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ื‘ืขืช ื“ืขืจ ืœืขืจืขืจ-ืžืกื™ื‘ื” ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืกื“ืจ-ื ืึทื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ 
ืชืฉ"ื‘, ื•ื™ ืื•ื™ืš ืึท ื’ืœืึธืกืึทืจ ืคืึทืจ ื’ืขืงืœื™ื‘ืขื ืข ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ, ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืข ืขื ื™ื ื™ื ืื•ืŸ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ 
ืื™ืŸ ื™. ืง'ืก ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ืŸ. 

ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœื’ืขืžืฒื ืขื ืึทืจืฒึทื ืคื™ืจ ื‘ืจืึธืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืืฑื™ืกื’ืึทื‘ืข ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื‘ืึทื”ืึทื ื“ืœื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืขืจ ืงืึธื ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื™.ืง'ืก ืฉืึทืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ, ืื•ืŸ ืขืก ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจื˜ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืึทืคืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข 
ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ-ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืึทืกืคึผืขืงื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืฉืขืคืขืจื™ืฉืงื™ื™ื˜ ื‘ืขืชืŸ ืื•ืžืงื•ื. 

ื“ื™ ืื™ืฆื˜ื™ืงืข ืืฑืกื’ืึทื‘ืข ืื™ื– ืึทืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืฉืจื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื ืฒึทืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืœืขืจืขืจ 
ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืคึผืจืขื˜ืึทืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ืฉืึทืคืŸ ื‘ืขืชืŸ ืื•ืžืงื•ื. ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ืฉืจื™ื˜ ื•ืขื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืึท ืคื•ืœืข 
ืืฑืกื’ืึทื‘ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ื•ื•ืขืจืง, ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืขืœ (ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ืึธืจืŸ 1943 -- 1944) (ืึทืจืฒึทื ื’ืขืจืขื›ื ื˜ 


ืึท ืคืึทืจื’ืœืฒึทืš ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืข ื–ืขืงืก ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ "ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ืคื•ื ืขื ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื”ืจื’ืขื˜ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืึธืœืง"). 

ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจืขืกื˜ืขืจ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ืŸ ื“ืึธ ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜, ืื™ื– ืึธืคึผื ืขืจืึทื˜ืขืฐืขื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืึทืจื›ื™ื•ื• ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
"ื“ืจื•ืจ"-ื‘ืึทื•ื•ืขื’ื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข. ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืข ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืคึผื’ืขื”ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืขืžื ื•ืืœ ืจื™ื ื’ืขืœื‘ืœื•ื-ืึทืจื›ื™ื•ื• 
("ืขื•ื ื’-ืฉื‘ืช") ืฐืึธืก ื’ืขืคื™ื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืŸ ืื™ื ืกื˜ื™ื˜ื•ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข. ืžื™ืจ ื“ืึทื ืงืขืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฆื™ืง 
ื“ืขื ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืŸ ืื™ื ืกื˜ื™ื˜ื•ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื•ืึทืจืฉืข ืคืึทืจืŸ ืฆื•ืฉื™ืงืŸ ืงืึธืคึผื™ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืคืึธื˜ืึธืกื˜ืึทื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™.ืง'ืก 
ืžืึทื ื•ืกืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฉืึทืคื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ืฆื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืืฑืกื’ืึทื‘ืข. 

ืึท ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื™-ืง'ืก ืฉืจื™ืคื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืคึผื’ืขื”ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื• ืื•ื ื“ื– ื“ืขืจื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ, ื“ืึธืš ื–ืขื ืขืŸ 
ื’ืึทื ืฆืข ืฉืึทืคื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืึทืคื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจืœืึธืจืŸ ื’ืขื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ. ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ืฉืจื™ืคื˜ืŸ, ื‘ื™ื–ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ 
ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ (ื™ื•ืœื™ 1942) ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื‘ืึทื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืคืจืฒึทื™ื ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ "ื“ืจื•ืจ"-ื‘ืึทืฐืขื’ื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืจืฒึท ืขืจื˜ืขืจ. 

(ื) ื‘ืึทื’ืจืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืœืขืš ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืฉื˜ื— ืคื•ืŸ ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ-ื”ื›ืฉืจื” ืคื•ืŸ "ื”ื—ืœื•ืฅ", ืื™ืŸ ื’ืจืึธื›ืึธื•ื•, ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืขืกืฆื™ืžืขืจ. ื ืึธื›ืŸ 
ื‘ืึทืคึผืจืฒึทืขืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข ืื™ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ 1945, ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ื‘ืœืขืš ืึทืฐืขืงื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื‘ืึทื”ืขืœื˜ืขื ื™ืฉ, ื“ื•ืจืš 
ืกืึธื•ื•ื™ืขื˜ื™ืฉืข ื–ืขืœื ืขืจ. ื“ื™ ื›ึผืชื‘ื™ื ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ, ืœืฑื˜ ื“ืขื ืขื“ื•ืช-ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื•ืžืจ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืจืึธื›ืึธื•ื•, ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ 
ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ืŸ ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืึทื ื“. 

(ื‘) ื‘ืึทื’ืจืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ- ืคึผืึธืกื˜ (ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ื–ื™ืฆืคึผืœืึทืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื ืจืึทื˜), ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ืึทืžืขื ื”ืึธืฃ 19. 
ื“ื™ ื›ึผืชื‘ื™ื ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื‘ืึทื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคืœืขืฉืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื™. ืง'ืก ื‘ืจื•ื“ืขืจ, ื‘ืขืจืœ ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ. ื‘ื™ื– ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ 
ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื–ื•ื›ื˜ ืฐืฒึทืœ ืก'ืคืขืœืŸ ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืขืงื–ืึทืงื˜ืŸ ืึธืจื˜ ืฐื•ึผ ื“ื™ ื›ึผืชื‘ื™ื ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื‘ืึทื’ืจืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ. 

{ื’) ื‘ืึทื’ืจืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืงืขืœืขืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื–ื™ืขืœื ืึท 34, ื“ืขื 20ื˜ืŸ ื™ื•ืœื™ 1942 (ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื˜ืขื’ ืคืึทืจืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ) ื“ื•ืจืš 
ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื˜ืขื ืขื ื‘ื•ื™ื-ืชึผืžืจื•ืฃ, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืฃ ืงืึธืžื•ื ืข ืคื•ืŸ "ื“ืจื•ืจ" ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ, ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ "ื“ืจื•ืจ"- 
ืึทืจื›ื™ื•. ืคืจื™ืœื™ื ื’ 1945 ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ื’ื ื™ื–ื” ืึธืคึผื’ืขื–ื•ื›ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึทืคึผืจื™ืœ 1947 ืื™ื– ื–ื™ ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ 
ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืืจืฅ- ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื‘ื™ื– ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ืึธืคึผื’ืขื”ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ืœื•ื—ืžื™ ื”ื’ื™ื˜ืื•ืช. ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจืขืกื˜ืขืจ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืึธ 
ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ืข ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึทืžื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื’ื ื™ื–ื”. 

ืึท ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืึทืคื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืกื•ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ 
(12ื˜ืŸ ืกืขืคึผื˜ืขืžื‘ืขืจ 1942) ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ืคึผืฉื˜ืึทื ื“ (18ื˜ืŸ ื™ืึทื ื•ืืจ 1943), ืื™ื– ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ 
ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื“ืขื ืขืžื ื•ืืœ ืจื™ื ื’ืขืœื‘ืœื•ื-ืึทืจื›ื™ื•ื•, ืื•ื™ืฃ ื ืึธืฐืึธืœื™ืคึผื™ืข 68. ื“ื™ ืึธ ืžืึทื ื•ืกืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ืŸ ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ื™ื– ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ 
ืื™ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืŸ ืื™ื ืกื˜ื™ื˜ื•ื˜, ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข. 

ื‘ื™ื– ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื‘ืึทืฐื•ึผืกื˜ ืฐื•ึผ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ืึทื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื™. ืง'ืก ืฉืึทืคื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ 18ื˜ืŸ 
ื™ืึทื ื•ืึทืจ 1943 (ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืืฑืคึผืฉื˜ืึทื ื“) ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขื 19 ื˜ืŸ ืึทืคึผืจื™ืœ 1943 (ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ืืฑืคึผืฉื˜ืึทื ื“). 

ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื›ืจืึธื ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืฉืŸ ืกื“ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื™-ืง'ืก ืฐื•ืขืจืง ื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื“ืึธ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ืึท ื”ืขืจื” ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืึท 
ืžื™ื’ืœืขื›ืŸ ื˜ืขื•ืช. ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ื’ืœืขื›ืขืจ ื˜ืขื•ืช ืื™ื– ืขืจืฉื˜ ืงืœืึธืจ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืœืขืฆื˜ื ืก, ื‘ืขืช ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทื ื“ ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ 
ื“ืจื•ืง, ื ืึธื›ืŸ ื“ืขืจืฉืฒื™ื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื‘ืขื ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืขืจื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืคึผืจืขืกืข ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข, ืื™ืŸ ืึท 
ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉืขืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’, ืจืขื“ืึทื’ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“"ืจ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืงืขืจืžื™ืฉ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ื”ื™ืœืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ 


ื‘ื™ืึทืœืึธืกื˜ืึธืฆืงื™: | 
ืึธื ื”ืฒื‘ื ื“ื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ื ื—ืžืŸ ื‘ืœื•ืžืขื ื˜ืึทืœืก ื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ืึธื’ืจืึทืคื™ืฉืขืจ ืจืฉื™ืžื” (ื–ืข: ื‘ืœื•ืžืขื ื˜ืึทืœ (1951), ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข 
ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืืฑืกื’ืึทื‘ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื (ืชืฉื˜"ื– - 1956, ื–' 444 ืื•ืŸ ืชืฉื›"ื˜, ื–' 364), ื‘ื™ื– ื“ืขืจ 


ื‘ืฉื•ืชึผืคื•ืชื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืคึผื•ื‘ืœื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื“ื“ื•ืฉื ืื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึฐื•ื•ืึธ: ื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ืึธื’ืจืึทืคื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ืื™ืŸ 
ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืคืขืจื™ืึธื“ื™ืง, ื ื™ื•-ื™ืึธืจืง 1966, ื–ื– 173 -- 174, ื•ื™ ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืืฑืกื’ืึทื‘ืข, ืฐืึธืก ืฉื˜ื™ืฆื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืฃ 
ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ืข ื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ืึธื’ืจืึทืคื™ืขืก -- ืฐืขืจืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ื“ืึทื˜ืขืก ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืจืฒึท ืฉืึทืคื•ื ื’ืขืŸ: 
"ืงืึทืจืžืขืœื™ืฆืงืึท", "ืฆื•ื 105ื˜ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื•ืจื˜ืกื˜ืึธื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื ื“ืœื™ ืžื•ื›ืจ ืกืคืจื™ื", ืื•ืŸ "ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืฒึทื•ื•ืœ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜". 
ืึทื ื˜ืงืขื’ืŸ ื–ื™ ืึทืœืข ืงื•ืžื˜ ื“ื™ ืขื“ื™ืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“"ืจ ื™. ืงืขืจืžื™ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ ื“ืขื ืื™ื ื”ืึทืœื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ 

6 


ื ื•ืžืขืจืŸ ืคื™ืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคื™ื ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืจื•ืจ, ืฐื•ึผ ื“ื™ ื“ืจืฒึท ืฉืึทืคื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจืฉื™ื ืขืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืฒึทื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ื“ืึทื˜ืขืก. 

ื“ื™ ืกื™ื‘ื” ืคืึทืจืŸ ืคึผืœืึธื ื˜ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืื™ื ื”ืึทืœื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ื ื•ืžืขืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืจื•ืจ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื™.ืง'ืก ื“ืจื™ื™ 
ืฉืึทืคื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืฉื˜ืขืงื˜ ืฐืฒึทื–ื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฐืึธืก ื“ื™ ืึธืจื™ื’ื™ื ืึทืœืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืข ื ื•ืžืขืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืจื•ืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื• 
ืื•ื ื“ื– ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ืŸ ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืึทื ื“ ื ืึธื›ืŸ ืœื™ื’ืŸ ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“, ืึธื“ืขืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฆืข ืฆื• ืื•ื ื“ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ 
ื“ืขืจื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ. ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืžืึธืœ ืื™ื– ืื•ืžืžืขื’ืœืขืš ื–ื™ืš ืกื•ืžืš ืฆื• ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืึทืคื™ืœื• ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืึทืจื›ื™ื•ื•-ืžืึทื˜ืขืจื™ืึทืœืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื–ืขื ืขืŸ 
ืึทืœื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึทืฉื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืกืึธืจื™ื˜ื™ืจื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืžืึธืœ. ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ื•ื˜ื” ืึธื ืฆื•ื ืขืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ืึธื’ืจืึทืคื™ืฉืข ืคึผืจื˜ื™ื 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงืขืจืžื™ืฉ-ืขื“ื™ืฆื™ืข ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ืื™ืฆื˜ ื“ื™ ืึธื ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืขื ืข ืคึผืจื˜ื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื“ื“ื•ืฉื ื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ืึธื’ืจืึทืคื™ืข, ืื™ืŸ 
ื“ื™ ื›ืชื‘ื™ื-ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ืžืขื ื˜ืึทืœืก ืจืฉื™ืžื”, ื•ื™ ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ืึทื ื“, ืคืึทืจ ืึท ื˜ืขื•ืช, 

ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ืข ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืชึผื™ืงื•ืŸ-ื˜ืขื•ืช ืึทื–ืึท: "ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืฒึทืฐืœ ืื™ื– 
ื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜" ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจืฉื™ื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ "ื“ืจื•ืจ", ื ื•ืž' 4, ืชืฉืจื™ ืช"ืฉ, ืื™ืŸ ืึธืงื˜ืึธื‘ืขืจ 1940, ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข 
ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ, ืื™ืŸ ื™ืึทื ื•ืึทืจ-ืคืขื‘ืจื•ืึทืจ 1941. ื“ืขืจืงืขื’ืŸ "ืงืึทืจืžืขืœื™ืฆืงืึท" ืื•ืŸ "ืฆื•ื 105 ื˜ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื•ืจื˜ืกื˜ืึธื’ ืคื•ืŸ 
ืžื ื“ืœื™ ืžื•ื›ืจ ืกืคืจื™ื", ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจืฉื™ื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ "ื“ืจื•ืจ" ื ื•ืž' 5 (9) ื˜ื‘ืช-ืฉื‘ื˜ ืชืฉ"ื, ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืึทื ื•ืึทืจ-ืคืขื‘ืจื•ืึทืจ 1941 
ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืคืจื™ืขืจ, ืื™ืŸ ืึธืงื˜ืึธื‘ืขืจ 1940. 

ืœืกื•ืฃ ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืื™ืš ืื•ื™ืกื“ืจื™ืงืŸ ืžืฒึทื™ืŸ ื“ืึทื ืง ื“ื™ ืึทืœืข ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ, ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ, ื’ืขื”ืึธืœืคืŸ 
ื‘ืขืช ื“ืขืจ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ืืฑืกื’ืึทื‘ืข. ืงื•ื“ื-ื›ึผืœ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืึท ื“ืึทื ืง ืคึผืจืึธืคึผืขื˜ืึธืจ ื—ื ื ืฉืžืขืจื•ืงืŸ ืคืึทืจ ื‘ืึทืงืขื ืขืŸ 
ืžื™ืจ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืœืขืงืฆื™ืขืก ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ืคืึธืจืฉื’ืขื‘ื™ื˜ -- ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ ื’ืขืฉืึทืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ 
ื’ืขื˜ืึธืก ืื•ืŸ ืœืึทื’ืขืจืŸ -- ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืคื•ืœืข ืึธื ืฐืฒึทื–ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื ื’ืœืึธืกืึทืจ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืข 
ืคื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืึทืœื’ืขืžืฒื ืขื ืึทืจืฒึทื ืคื™ืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ืึทื ื“. ืึท ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจืŸ ื’ืึธืจ ื”ืึทืจืฆื™ืงืŸ ื“ืึทื ืง ืฆื‘ื™ ืฉื ืขืจืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืžื™ืจ ืคืึทืจืœืึธืคืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืึทื’ืœืฒื˜ ื“ื™ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื—ื‘ืจื™ืฉืขืจ ื’ื•ื˜ืžื•ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื ื•ืฆืœืขื›ืขืจ ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืง; 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืœื™ื™ืขื ื˜ ื“ืขื ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“ ืื•ืŸ ืึทืจืฑืกื’ืขื”ืึธืœืคืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ืžืฆืึธืœื™ืงืข ืึธื ืฐืฒึทื–ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ืื•ื™ืคืงืœืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ 
ื“ืึธืงื•ืžืขื ื˜ืŸ. ืึธืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืขืงืฉื ื•ืช ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืžื•ื˜ื™ืงื•ื ื’ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทื ื“ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขืงืขื ื˜ ื“ืขืจืฉืฒื™ื ืขืŸ. ืึท ื“ืึทื ืง ื“"ืจ ื—ื•ื•ื” 
ื˜ื•ืจื ื™ืึทื ืกืงื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืึธื ืฐืฒึทื–ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื‘ืึทื ื•ืฅ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทื˜ืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื“ืจื•ืงืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื™.ืง'ืก. 
ืฐืึธืงืึทื‘ื•ืœืึทืจ. ืึท ื“ืึทื ืง ืงื•ืžื˜ ื“"ืจ ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ื˜ืจื•ื ืงืŸ ื–"ืœ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืœื™ื™ืขื ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื“ืขื ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“, ื–ืึธืจื’ืคื•ืœ 
ืึธื ื’ืขืฐื™ื–ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืขื ื™ื ื™ื ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืคืึธื“ืขืจืŸ ื ืึธืš ืึท ืžืึธืœ ืฆื• ื•ืขืจืŸ ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœื™ืจื˜ ืฆื™ ืคึฟืึธืจืžื•ืœื™ืจื˜. 

ืึท ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึทื ืง ืงื•ืžื˜ ื“ืขื ื“"ืจ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืื•ืŸ ืจื‘ืงื” ื”ื•ืจื‘ื™ืฅ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ-ืคืึธื ื“, ื‘ืฒึท ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ- 
ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ืกื•ื‘ื•ื•ืขื ืฅ ืฐืึธืก ื“ืขืจ ืคืึธื ื“ ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจืŸ ืึธืคึผื“ืจื•ืงืŸ ื“ืขื 
ืึทืœื’ืขืžืฒื ืขื ืึทืจืฒึทื ืคื™ืจ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืืฑืกื’ืึทื‘ืข, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืœื™ื™ื“ื™-ื“ื™ื™ื•ื•ื™ืก ืคึฟืึธื ื“ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืคึฟืึทืจืŸ ื“ืขืจืžืขื’ืœืขื›ืŸ 
ืฆื•ืฆื•ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื“ืขื ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ื ื•ืกื— ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœื’ืขืžืฒื ืขื ืึทืจืฒึทื ืคื™ืจ, ื‘ืขืช ืžืฒึทืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื™ื™ื•ื•ืึธ (ื ื™ื•"ื™ืึธืจืง), ื‘ืžืฉืš ืคื•ืŸ 
ืœืขืจื ื™ืึธืจ 1979/80, 

ืœืกื•ืฃ ืึทืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืจื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื™ื™ืฉืจ-ื›ึผื•ื— ืฆื‘ื™ ืืฒึทื–ื ืžืึทื ืขืŸ, ืจืื•ื‘ืŸ ื™ืฆื™ื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืขื–ืจื ืœื—ื“ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืจื™ื˜ืข ืงืึธืจืขืงื˜ื•ืจ. ื–ื™ื™, ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืœืข ืžื™ื˜ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ืœื•ื—ืžื™ ื”ื’ื™ื˜ืื•ืช, 
ืžืฒึทืŸ ื˜ื™ืคืกื˜ืŸ ื“ืึทื ืง ืคืึทืจ ื ืึธื›ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึทืœืข ืžืฒึทื™ื ืข ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ืื•ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืžืžืฉื•ืชื“ื™ืงืขืจ ื”ื™ืœืฃ. 

ืื•ืŸ ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื—ื‘ื™ื‘ -- ืึท ื“ืึทื ืง ืืœื™ ื’ืœืขื“ืŸ, ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“, ืคืึทืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืžื™ ืึธื ืฆื•ื˜ืึธืŸ ืึท ืฆื•ืจื” 
ื“ืขื ืื™ื ื”ืึทืœื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืืฒึทื ื–ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจืŸ ื˜ื™ืคึผืึธื’ืจืึทืคึผื™ืฉืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื–ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื•ืš. 

ื™ืฆื—ืง ืฆื•ืงืขืจืžืึทืŸ ื–"ืœ, ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื ื™ืฆื™ืึทื˜ืึธืจ ืคื•ื ืขื ืคึผืœืึทืŸ ืึทืจืฑืกืฆื•ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข 
ืฉืจื™ืคื˜ืŸ. ื‘ืžืฉืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ื™ืึธืจืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ื‘ืึทื’ืœืฒื˜ ื“ื™ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืึทืจื•ื ืคึผืจืึธื™ืขืงื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืจืงื˜ 
ื“ืขืฆื™ื“ื™ืจื ื“ื™ืง ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ืขื ื“ื’ื™ืœื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื›ืึทืจืึทืงื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจื ืขื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืืฑืกื’ืึทื‘ืข. ื–ืึธืœืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ื‘ืึทืžื™ึธื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ืœื•ื—ืžื™ ื”ื’ื™ื˜ืื•ืช ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื’ืจื™ื ื“ืขื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขืคึฟื™ืจื˜, ืคึฟืึทืจื’ืขื“ืขื ืงื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืžื™ื˜ 
ื“ืึทื ืงื‘ืึทืจืงืฒื˜. 


ืื™ื ื”ืึทืœื˜ 


ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืจื™ืฉืข ืฉืจื™ืคื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืŸ 

ืงืึธื ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ -- ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื—ื™ืืœ ืฉื™ื™ื ื˜ื•ืš โ€ 
ื”ืงื“ืžื” (11) ื“ื™ ื›ืจืึธื ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ืฉืึทืคืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื›ืจืึธื ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ 
ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ (23) ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ-ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืจื™ืฉืข ืฉืึทืคื•ื ื’ 
(35) ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืจื™ืฉืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื ื“ื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ืฉืึทืคืŸ 
(42) ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื‘ืฒื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ืฉืึทืคืŸ ืคึผื ื™ื-ืืœ- ืคึผื ื™ื ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื˜ื•ื˜ (63) 
ื“ื™ ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคึผื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืึทืกืคึผืขืงื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืจื™ืฉืขืจ ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ 
(70) ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ-ืฆืฒึทื˜ ื‘ื™ื–ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืฉื˜ืึทื ื“ (78) ื”ืขืจื•ืช (91) 


ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ืฉืจื™ืคื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข 


ืึทืจืฒึทื ืคื™ืจ 1 

ืื•ื™ืฃ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืžืึธืœ 

ืึทืจืฒึทื ืคื™ืจ 2 

ืคืึธืœืงืกืžืึธื˜ื™ื•ื• ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ 1940 
ืึทืจืฒื™ื ืคื™ืจ 3 

ืขืœ ื”ืฉื—ื™ื˜ื” 

ืึทืจืฒึทื ืคื™ืจ 4 

ืฆื• ื‘ื™ืึทืœื™ืงืก ื”ืฒึทื™ื™ืขืจื™ืงืŸ ื™ืึธืจืฆืฒึทื˜ 
ืึทืจืฒื™ื ืคื™ืจ 5 


"ื™ื–ื›ึผื•ืจ" ?ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ + 


ืึทืจืฒึทื ืคื™ืจ 6 

ืงืึทืจืžืขืœื™ืฆืงืึท 

ืึทืจืฒึทื ืคื™ืจ 7 

ืฆื•ื ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ ืคื™ื ืคื˜ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื•ืจื˜ืกื˜ืึธื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืขื ื“ืขืœืข ืžื•ื›ืจ ืกืคืจื™ื 
ืึทืจืฒึทื ืคื™ืจ 8 

ืขืคืขื ื•ื ื’ ืฆื• ืึท ืชึผื "ืš-ืึธืฐื•ื ื˜ 

ืึทืจืฒึทื ืคื™ืจ 9 

ืงืึท ื’ืขื’ืจืึทืžื˜ืขืจ ืกื™ื•ื ืฆื• ืึท ืชึผื "ืš-ืึธืฐื•ื ื˜ = 


115 


118 


124 


125 


111 


134 


137 


145 


151 


ืึทืจืฒึทื ืคื™ืจ 10 

ื™ื› ืชึผื "ืŸ -ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’ืขืŸ = 
ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ืž"ื‘ (153) ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ืž"ื– (157) ืฆื•ื ืงืึทืคึผื™ื˜ืœ ืž"ื— (160) ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ืž"ื— (161) 
ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ืž"ื˜ (165) ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ื ' (169) ื™ืจืžื™ื” ืœ"ื (171) ื•ื™ื–ื–ืงืืœ ืœ"ื“, ื˜"ื–-- ื›"ื•ืŸ (175) 
ื”ื•ืฉืข ื' (177) ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘' (179) ื”ื•ืฉืข ื™"ื’ (183) ืงืื™ื•ื‘ ื’'= (186) 


ืึทืจืฒึทื ืคื™ืจ 11 
ื™ืขืงื‘ ืื•ืŸ ืขืฉื‚ื• 


ืึทืจืฒื™ื ืคื™ืจ 12 
ืฆืฐื™ืฉืŸ ืœื™ื›ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ; ืึท ื—ื ื•ื›ึผื”-ืคืึทื ื˜ืึทื–ื™ืข ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืึทืงื˜ 


ืึทืจืฒึทื™ื ืคื™ืจ 13 
ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึทืก 


ืึทืจืฒึทื ืคื™ืจ 14 
ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืฒึทื•ื•ืœ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜ 


ืึทืจืฒึทื ืคื™ืจ 15 
ืขืœ ื ื”ืจื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืœ; ื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ืฉืข ืคืึธืœืงืก-ื˜ืจืึทื’ืขื“ื™ืข ืื™ืŸ ืคื™ืจ ืึทืงื˜ืŸ 
ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืึทืงื˜ (233) ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ืึทืงื˜ (257) ื“ืจื™ื˜ืขืจ ืึทืงื˜ (296) ืคืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืึทืงื˜ (328) 
ืึทืจืฒึทื ืคื™ืจ 16 
ืึทืจื•ื ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื (ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึทืกื˜ืขื›ืขืจ); ืึท ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืจืฒึท ืึทืงื˜ืŸ; 
ืงืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืึทืงื˜+ (380) ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ืึทืงื˜ (396) ื“ืจื™ื˜ืขืจ ืึทืงื˜ (417) 


ืึทืจื™ื™ื ืคื™ืจ 17 
ืฉืœื—-ืžื ื•ืช; ืึท ืคึผื•ืจื™ื-ื‘ื™ืœื“, 


ืึทืจืฒึทื ืคื™ืจ 18 
ืฉื™ืจ ืœืคื•ืจื™ื ? ืื•ื™ืฃ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉ = 


ืึทืจื™ื™ื ืคื™ืจ 19 
ื”ืึทื ื“ืœ 


ืึทืจืฒึทื™ื ืคื™ืจ 20 
ื“ื™ ื›ืจืึธื ื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืขืจืฉืขืœืขืก ื˜ื•ื˜ 


ืึทืจืฒึทื™ื ืคื™ืจ 21 
"ื™ืึท ืžืึทืก ืœื™ื“ืœืขืš!" (ืฆื• ื”ืขืจืฉืขืœืขืก ื˜ื•ื™ื˜) 


ืึทืจืฒื™ื ืคื™ืจ 22 
ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืœ 


153 


111 


203 


226 


228 


233 


280 


242 


255 


158 


276 


279 


285 


ืึทืจืฒึทื ืคื™ืจ 23 
ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื’ืขืจ 
(ื) "ืงื•ื ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึทืก" (493) (ื‘) ?2 ืึธืŸ ืึท ื ืึธืžืขืŸ+ (494) 


ืึทืจืฒื™ื ืคื™ืจ 24 
ืื™ื•ื‘; ื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ืฉืข ื˜ืจืึทื’ืขื“ื™ืข ืื™ืŸ ื“ืจืฒึท ืึทืงื˜ืŸ 
ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืึทืงื˜ (500) ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ืึทืงื˜ (517) ื“ืจื™ื˜ืขืจ ืึทืงื˜ (542) 


ืึทืจืฒึทื ืคื™ืจ 25 
2 ื•ื•ื™ื“ืžื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืจืึทืžืข "ืื™ื•ื‘", ืคืึทืจ ืคืจื™ื™ื ื“ = 


ืึทืจื™ื™ื ืคื™ืจ 26 
"ื™ื–ื›ึผื•ืจ" ? ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ + 


ืึทืจืฒึทื ืคื™ืจ 27 
ืžื™ืš ืฆื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึทืก 
ืึทืจืฒึทื ืคื™ืจ 28 
2 ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื›ืจืึธื ื™ืง โ€ 
! ืึทืจืฒึทื™ื ืคื™ืจ 29 
ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืขืœื˜ 
ืึทืจืฒึทื ืคื™ืจ 30 
ืฉืคื•ืš ื—ืžืชืš 


ืึทืจื™ื™ื ืคื™ืจ 31 
2 ืขืคืขื ื•ื ื’ ืฆื• ืึท ืœืขืจืขืจ-ืžืกื™ื‘ื” ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืกื“ืจ-ื ืึทื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ ืชืฉ"ื‘ = (ืื•ื™ืฃ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉ) 


ืึทืจืฒื™ื ืคื™ืจ 32 
ื•ื•ื™ื™ ื“ื™ืจ 
ืึทืจื™ื™ื ืคื™ืจ 33 


ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืฉืœืžื” ื–ืฉืขืœื™ื›ืึธื•ื•ืกืงื™ 


ืึทืจืฒึทื ืคึฟื™ืจ 24 
ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ื“ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืœืึทื›ื˜ 


ืึทืจืฒึทื ืคื™ืจ 35 
ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืจืึทื“ื–ื™ื ืขืจ 


ืึทืจืฒื™ื ืคื™ืจ 36 
2 14/8 ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทื™ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืง 


293 


500 


11 


13 


14 


17 


00 


26 


0 


634 


12 


1 


663 


210 


ืฆื•ื”ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ 


ืฆื• ืึทืจืฒึทื ืคื™ืจ 10 2 ืชึผื "ืš-ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’ืขืŸ = : ืื™ื•ื‘, ื’ 735 
ืฆื• ืึทืจืฒึทื ืคึฟื™ืจ 11 ื™ืขืงื‘ ืื•ืŸ ืขืฉื‚ื• 236 
ืฆื• ืึทืจืฒึทื ืคื™ืจ 16 ืึทืจื•ื ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื (ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึทืกื˜ืขื›ืขืจ) 27 
ืฆื• ืึทืจืฒึทื ืคื™ืจ 22 ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืœ 239 
ืฆื• ืึทืจืฒึทื ืคื™ืจ 31 ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื™ื™ื“ื™ืฉ ืคื•ืŸ 

2 ืขืคืขื ื•ื ื’ ืฆื• ืึท ืœืขืจืขืจ-ืžืกื™ื‘ื” ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืกื“ืจ-ื ืึทื›ื˜ 

ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ ืชืฉ"ื‘ = 239 
ืฆื• ืึทืจืฒึทื ืคื™ืจ 36 2 - 14/8 ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืง 41 
ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ืฐืึธืงืึทื‘ื•ืœืึทืจ 248 
ื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ืึธื’ืจืึทืคื™ืฉืขืจ ืฉืœื™ืกืœ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ืข ืžืงื•ืจื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืจืฒึทื ืคื™ืจืŸ 755 


ื–ื•ื›ืฆืขื˜ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืขืจื–ืึธื ืขืŸ, ืขืจื˜ืขืจ, ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ืึทืฆื™ืขืก, 
ืคึผื•ื‘ืœื™ืงืฆื™ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืฉืึทืคื•ื ื’ืขืŸ 7261 


ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื™ืœื•ืกื˜ืจืึทืฆื™ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืœื“ืขืจ 


ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ (22) ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื–ื•ืŸ ืฆื‘ื™, ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ 
(112) ื“ื™ ื ืึธื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื“ "ืคืึธืœืงืกืžืึธื˜ื™ื•ื• ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ 1940" (1217120) ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืชึผื "ืš-ืึธืฐื•ื ื˜ 
ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ (149) ื’ืขื’ืจืึทืžื˜ืข ื”ืงื“ืžื” ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืคืึธืจืœืขื–ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืง ืž"ื— ืื™ืŸ ืกืคืจ ื™ืฉืขื™ื” (189) 
ื“ืขืจ ืฉืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืึทืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“ ืคื•ืŸ "ืขืœ ื ื”ืจื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืœ" (256) ืึท ื–ืฒึทื˜ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“ ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืจืึทืคื™ืฉืข 
ืกืฆืขื ืข-ืึธื ืฐืฒึทื–ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื ื“ืจื™ื˜ืŸ ืึทืงื˜ ืคื•ืŸ "ืขืœ ื ื”ืจื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืœ" (295) ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืคืฉื•ืช ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืงื˜ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ 
ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ "ืึทืจื•ื ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื" (380) ื“ืขืจ ืฆืขืฉืขื“ื™ืงื˜ืขืจ ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืจืึทืžืึทื˜ื™ืฉืŸ ืžืึธื ืึธืœืึธื’ "ื”ืึทื ื“ืœ" (464) ื“ืขืจ ืฉืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืจืึทืžืข ืื™ื•ื‘ (496) ื“ื™ ื”ื™ืœืข ืคื•ืŸ "ืื™ื•ื‘" (499) - 
ืึท ื–ืฒึทื˜ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื›ืจืึธื ื™ืง (616) ื“ืขืจ ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“ ืคื•ืŸ "ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืฉืœืžื” 
ื–ืฉืขืœื™ื›ืึธื•ื•ืกืงื™" (649) ืคึผืจืงื™ืก ื˜' -- ื™ื™ ืคื•ืŸ "ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ื“ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืœืึทื›ื˜" -- ื“ื™ ืื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืงืข ื–ืฒึทื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“ (657) ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ื–ืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืฆื•ื™ืฉืŸ-ื ื•ืกื— ืคื•ืŸ "42 -- 14/8 ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืง", 
ืžื™ื˜ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ื”ืึทื ื˜ืฉืจื™ืคื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืฆื•ื’ืึธื‘ืŸ (709) ืึท ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ึดืฉืขืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืื™ื“ืขื ื˜ื™ืคื™ืฆื™ืจื˜ืขืจ ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“ 
(747) 


ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืจื™ืฉืข ืฉืจื™ืคื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ 
ืฐืึทืจืฉืข ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืŸ ืงืึธื ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ 


ื”ืงื“ืžื” 


ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ื ืึทืฆื™ื™ื”ืขืจืฉืึทืคึผื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืžื–ืจื—-ืืฒื™ืจืึธืคึผืข, ืื™ื– ืึท ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ ืคืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ 
ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืŸ ืงืึธื ื˜ืขืงืกื˜, ืกืฒึท ืึทืŸ ืึทืœื’ืขืžืฒื ืขื ืื•ืŸ ืกืฒึท ืึท ืคึผืขืจื–ืขื ืœืขื›ืŸ-ืืฑื˜ืึธื‘ื™ืึธื’ืจืึทืคื™ืฉืŸ. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– 
ื‘ืคืจื˜ ืึทื–ืฑ ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ ืžื™ื˜ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ื•ื•ืขืจืง ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืขืœ- 
ืœืึทื’ืขืจ, ืกืฒึทื™ ืฐืึธืก ืฉื™ื™ืš ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข ื‘ืขืช ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜-ืžืœื—ืžื” ืื•ืŸ ืกื™ื™ 
ืฐืึธืก ืฉื™ื™ืš ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื‘ื™ืึธื’ืจืึทืคื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ. ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ื”ืึธื˜ ื™.ืง. ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขื™ืงืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ, ืื™ืŸ 
ืฐื™ื˜ืขืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืžืขืจืกื˜ื ืก ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉ. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืฐืฒึทื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืคืึทืœ, ืึทื–ืึท ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ืึธื ืึทืœืขืจ ื‘ืึทื ื•ืฅ 
ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืฉืคึผืจืึทื›ืŸ ืื™ื– ืึท ื‘ืึทืฐืฒึทื– ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ืขืงื–ื™ืกื˜ืขื ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืขืจ ื“ื™ืžืขื ืกื™ืข ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ืฉืจืฒึทื™ื‘ืขืจื™ืฉืŸ ื‘ืึทืฐื•ึผืกื˜ื–ืฒึทืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื“ื™ ืคืึธืŸ ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ืึทื ื˜ืฐื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืึทืจืฆืฐืฒึทื’ื˜ืŸ ืฉืึทืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืžืœื—ืžื”-ื™ืึธืจืŸ. 
ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ, ืึท ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ืจืขื ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ 1886, ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ื•ื™ืก ืึท ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™" ืฉืคึผืจืึทื›ื™ืงืขืจ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ 

ืึท ืคืึทืจื“ื™ื ืกื˜ืคื•ืœืขืจ ืื•ื™ืคื˜ื•ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื’ืขื‘ื™ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœืึธื“ื–ืฉืขืจ ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคึผื˜ืœืขื›ืŸ ืื•ืŸ 
ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ-ืœืขื‘ืŸ. ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืจื™ืฉืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ืฑื‘ืŸ ื ืึธืš ื‘ืฒึทื ืกืึทืžืข 
ืึธื ื”ืฒื™ื‘ ืคื•ืŸ 2 ื™ืึธืจื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืœื—ืžื”-ืื•ื™ืกื‘ืจื•ืš ืื™ื– ืขืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึทืจื•ื 53 ื™ืึธืจ ืื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ 
ืื™ื ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ 40 ื™ืึธืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืจื™ืฉืข ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜. ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื•ื™ ืึท ืกืš ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืข ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ ื‘ืขืชึผืŸ 
ืื•ืžืงื•ื, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ืขืช ื“ืขืจ ืžืœื—ืžื” ืื™ืŸ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืจื™ืฉืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืžืขื ืก 
ื’ืฒื™ืกื˜ื™ืงืข ื‘ื™ืึธื’ืจืึทืคื™ืข ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ, ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื™ื•ื ื’ืŸ ืขืœื˜ืขืจ, ื ืึธืš ืจืขืœืึทื˜ื™ื•ื• ืงื•ืจืฅ-- ื•ื™ ืœืžืฉืœ ื™ืฉืขื™ื”ื• ืฉืคึผื™ื’ืœ 
(ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ืจืŸ 1906) ืื•ืŸ ืึทื‘ืจื”ื ืกื•ืฆืงืขื•ื•ืขืจ (ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ืจืŸ 1913) -- ื”ืึธื˜ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืึทื“ืึทืจืคื˜ ืคืึทืจืžืขืกื˜ืŸ 
ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื’ืฒึทืกื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืจื™ืฉืขืจ ื™ืจื•ืฉื” ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืคึผืจื•ึผืฐื•ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืฉืจืขืงืœืขื›ืกื˜ืขืจ 
ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืข ืคึผืจื•ึผืฐื•ึผื ื’ืขืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื“ืึธืก ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืคืึธืœืง ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืงืขื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืœืึทื ื’ืขืจ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข. ื“ืขืจ ืคึฟืึทืจืžืขืกื˜ ืื™ื– 
ื’ืขืœืขื’ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ืคึผืขื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจื’ื™ื™ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืึธื ื‘ืœื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืจืขืกื˜ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ืžืงื•ื, ืฆื• 
ืึท ื‘ืึทื–ื™ื ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืœืขื›ืข ืœืขื‘ื ืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืœืฒึทื›ืฆืฒึทื˜ื™ืง ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืขืก ืฆื• ืคึผืึธืจืžื•ืœื™ืจืŸ ืžื™ื˜ 
ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ. ื‘ืึทืงืขืžืคืŸ ื“ืขื ืฉืฐืฒึทื’ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทื–ื™ื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ืžื–ืึธื’ื‘ืึทืจืงืฒื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ื•ืžื˜ืงืฒื˜, ื“ืึธืก ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ 
ื‘ืขืช ื“ื™ ืื•ืžืงื•ื-ื™ืึธืจืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืืžืชืขืจ ืคืึทืจืžืขืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืฉืจืฒึทื™ื‘ืขืจ, ืึท ืคืึทืจืžืขืกื˜ ืฐืึธืก ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืึทืœืฅ ืฉืึทืจืคืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ 
ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืคืึธืจืฉืจื™ื˜ ืฐืึธืก ื“ื™ ื ืึทืฆื™ืฉืข ืžืึทืกืŸ-ืคึฟืึทืจื ื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืžืึทื›ื˜. ืึทืจื•ื ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืฐืึธื›ืŸ ืคืึทืจืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ ืื™ืŸ ื•ืึทืจืฉืข 
ื“ืจื™ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื™.ืง. ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืื•ื™ืก ืึทื–ืฑ, ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ "ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืจืึทื“ื–ื™ื ืขืจ": 

"ืึธ ื”ื™ื™ืœื™ืงืขืจ ืจื‘ื™, ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืจื•ื™ึดืง ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึทื›ืกื˜ 

ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ื“ืึธืš ื ื™ื˜ ืจื•ื™ึดืง! ื“ื• ืžืึทื›ืกื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ืึธืจ, ืžืึทื›ืกื˜ 

ืึทื–ืฑ ื•ื™ ืฐืึธืœื˜ืกื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืจื•ื™ืง ื‘ื™ื– ื’ืึธืจ 

ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ... ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ื“ืึธืš ื ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ, ื ื™ื˜ ืฐืึธืจ! 

ืื•ืŸ ื™ื•ื ื’ ื‘ื™ืกื˜ื• ืื•ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึทืจืง ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืš 


11 


ื“ื• ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืกื˜ ื“ืฒึทื ืข ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ, ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื•ื™ืš - 
ื“ื• ื’ืœื™ื™ื‘ืกื˜ ื ืึธืš... ืฆื• ื•ื•ืขืžืขืŸ, ื–ืึธื’, ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืกื˜ื• ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜? 
ืคืึทืจื‘ืจืขืš ื–ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืฆืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืึทื˜ืฉ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืœืขื ื“! 
ืจืฒึทืก ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ืคืœื•ื ื’ ื“ื™ ื”ืึธืจ ื–ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ, 
ืœืึธื– ื“ืฒึทื ืข ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ, ื“ื™ ืคืฒึทื™ื›ื˜ืข ืึทืจืึธืคึผ.., 
ืึธ, ื’ืœืฒื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ืจื‘ื™, ื“ื• ื’ืœื™ื™ื‘ืกื˜ ื“ืึธืš ื ื™ื˜ ืžืขืจ! 
ืฐืฒึทื– ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ื”ื™ืžืœ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื–ื•ื“ื™ืงืข ื˜ืจืขืจ... 
ื ื™ื˜ ืขืคืŸ ืคืึทืจ ืื™ื ื“ืฒึทื™ืŸ ืฆืขืฐื•ื™ื™ื˜ืึธื’ื˜ืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฅ - 
ืื•ืŸ ืฐืฒึทื– ื ื™ื˜ ืึทื ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ื˜ื™ืฃ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืœื•ื™ื‘ืŸ, ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืžืึทืจืฅ 
ื–ืฒึท ืžืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืžืชืคึผืœืœ... ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืฒึทื’ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ื•ื - 
ืึธ, ืคืจื•ืžืขืจ ืจืึทื“ื–ื™ื ืขืจ, ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ื“ืึธืš ื ื™ื˜ ืคืจื•ื! 
ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ืื™ื, ื“ืขื ืื™ื™ื‘ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ื“ืฒึทื ืขื, ื ืึธืจ ืœื™ื‘, 
ืคืึทืจื’ื™ื‘ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื’ื•ื˜ืกืงื™ื™ื˜, ืคึฟืึทืจื’ื™ื‘ ืื™ื ืคืึทืจื’ื™ื‘!... 
ืขืจ ืงื•ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ื ืื•ืžืงื•ื ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึธืœืง ื–ืฒึทื ืขื ืฆื• - 
ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ืื•ืžื‘ืึทื”ืึธืœืคืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืžืึทื›ื˜ืœืึธื– ืฐื•ื™ ื“ื•... 
ื•ึธืคื•ืŸ: ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืจืึทื“ื–ื™ื ืขืจ, ื’ืขื–ืึทื ื’ ื', ื™"ื“ืŸ 
(ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขืฉื˜ืจืึธื›ืŸ -- ื™"ืฉ) 
ื“ื™ ืฆืฒึทื˜- ืื•ืŸ ืึธืจื˜-ืื•ืžืฉื˜ืึทื ื“ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ื•ืจื ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึทื– ื™ื™ืงื™ืก ื•ื•ืขืจืง ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืœื—ืžื”-ื™ืึธืจืŸ, ื–ืึธืœืŸ 
ื“ืขืจืฉืฒื™ื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืจื•ืง ื‘ื™ืกืœืขื›ืฐืฒึทื– ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืคืึทืจืงืขืจื˜ืŸ ื›ืจืึธื ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืฉืŸ ืกื“ืจ. ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ืึทืœื™ืŸ ืื™ื– ื‘ืึทื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ 
ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืึท ื˜ืึธืคึผืœื˜ืข ืขื•ื•ืœื” ืงืขื’ืŸ ื™.ืง'ืก ืฉืึทืคืŸ. ืจืืฉื™ืช, ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืึทืงืขื ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื•ื•ืขืจืง, ืื™ื– 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขื ืคึฟืึทืจืคึฟื™ืจื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ, ืื•ืžืฉื•ืœื“ื™ืงืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜, ืฆื• ื‘ืึทื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึฟืจื™ึดืขืจืข ื•ื•ืขืจืง ืœื•ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืึทืงืึทื ื˜ืฉืึทืคื˜ 
ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข. ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ื ืก, ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืฐืฒึทืœ ื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืึทืคึฟืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืึทื–ืฑ ืึทืจื•ื ืึทืจืฑืกื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื 
ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืŸ ืกื“ืจ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืึทื ื˜ืฐื™ืงืœื•ื ื’, ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจืคึฟืึทืจ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื–ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื’ืขืคืขืœืฉื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ 
ืฐืฒื ื™ืงืขืจ ืคึฟืึทืจืฉื˜ืขื ื“ืœืขืš. ืึทื–ืฑ ืื™ื– ืœืžืฉืœ, ื’ืขืฉืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื™ืง'ืก ื‘ืึทืฐื•ึผืกื˜ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืขืžืข "ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ืคื•ืŸ 
ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื”ืจื’ืขื˜ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืึธืœืง". ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธืขืžืข ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื ืึธืš ื“ืขืจ ืžืœื—ืžื” ื™.ืง'ืก ื‘ืึทืงืึทื ื˜ืกื˜ืข ืฉืึทืคึฟื•ื ื’. ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืื™ื– ืคึฟืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ืฆื• ื˜ืึธื’ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทืฐื•ึผืกื˜ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืจ, ื“ืขืจ ืขื™ืงืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืขืžืข ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ 
ืื™ื™ื ืข ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ืฉืึทืคึฟื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื ืึธืš ื“ืขืจ ืžืœื—ืžื”. ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึธื‘ืขืจ 
ืึท ืกืคืง ืื•ื‘ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืฐืขื˜ ืื™ืจ ืจืขื›ื˜ ืึธืคึผืฉืึทืฆืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืงืขื ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื™ืฆื—ืง 
ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข ื•ื•ืขืจืง ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืŸ ืงืึธื ื˜ืขืงืกื˜, ืฐื™ ืื•ื™ืš ื™.ืงื™ืก 
ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉืข ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜-ืžืœื—ืžื”. 
ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืืฑืกื’ืึทื‘ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื™-ืงื™ืก ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ื›ึผืชื‘ื™ื ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื ืึธืจ ื“ื™ ืกืึทืžืข ืœืขืฆื˜ืข 
ืฐืขืจืง ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืขืœ-ืœืึทื’ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืคืจืึทื ืงืจืฒึทื™ืš, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจืข ืืฑืกื’ืึทื‘ืขืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื”ืฑืคึผื˜ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ื™ืฉืข ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืฉืจื™ืคื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ. ' ื“ืจืฒึท 
ืืฑืกื’ืึทื‘ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ืฉืจื™ืคึฟื˜ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจืฉื™ื ืขืŸ ื‘ื™ื– ื”ืฒึทื ื˜, ืึทืจืฑืกื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืœืึทื’ 
ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ืœื•ื—ืžื™ ื”ื’ื™ื˜ืื•ืช. ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื™ื ืขื ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขื ืฉื˜ืขืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืืฑืกื’ืึทื›ืขืก ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ 
ืึธืคึผื ืขืฉืคึผื™ื’ืœื˜ ืึท ื•ื•ื™ืœืŸ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืจืฑืกื’ืขื‘ืขืจ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจื ืขื ื˜ืขืจืŸ ื™.ืง'ืก ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืจื™ืฉืข ื™ืจื•ืฉื” ืฆื•ื ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ึดืฉืŸ 
ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืฆื• ืคืึทืจืขืคึฟื ื˜ืœืขื›ืŸ ื“ืขื ื™ื™ึทื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืžืงื•ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืฐืขืจืง ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜. ื“ื™ 
ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ืฆืึธืœ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื ื’ื˜ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืึทืจืฑืกื’ืขื‘ืขืจ ืฆื• ืึท ืคึผืฉืจื” ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืœืขื’ื™ื˜ื™ืžืข ืฐื•ึผื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืื•ืŸ 


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ืฐืึธืก ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืึทืœืฅ ืงืœืึธืจืขืจ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทื“ืขืจืคืขื ื™ืฉ ืฆื• ืฆืขืฉื™ื™ื“ืŸ ื“ื™ ืืฑืกื’ืึทื‘ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜ืข ื•ื•ืขืจืง 
ืื•ื™ืฃ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉ ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืึธืจื™ื’ื™ื ืขืœืข ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉืข ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืึทื‘ืข ืžื™ื˜ ื™.ืง'ืก ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข 
ืึธืจื™ื’ื™ื ืขืœืข ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ืŸ. ืึทื–ืฑ ืึทืจื•ื ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื™ื˜ ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืจื™ื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืœืขืฆื˜ืขืจ ืืฑืกื’ืึทื‘ืข ืคื•ืŸ 
ื›ืชื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื, ืชืฉื›"ื˜, ื ืึธืจ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉืข ื•ื•ืขืจืง ืฆื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ื•ื•ืขืจืง 
ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ืืฑืกื’ืึทื‘ืข, ืžื™ื˜ ืฆื•ื’ืึธื‘ืŸ. ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜ ืฐื•ืขืจืŸ ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ 
ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืกืขืคึผืึทืจืึทื˜ืข ืื•ืกื’ืึทื›ืขืก, ืื™ื™ื ืฆืœื ืข ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ื•ื•ืขืจืง ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ. ืื™ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ 1964 
ื“ืขืจืฉืฒึทื™ื ืขืŸ "ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืจืึทื“ื–ื™ื ืขืจ" ืื•ืŸ "ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื”ืจื’ืขื˜ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืึธืœืง" ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทื ื“, ืื•ืŸ 
ืื™ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ 1967 ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื“ืจืึทืžืข "ืขืœ ื ื”ืจื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืœ " 

ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื– ืึทื”ืขืจื™ืงืข ืึธื ืฉื˜ืจืขื ื’ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืึธืคึผืฆื•ื“ืจื•ืงืŸ ื™-ืง'ืก ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืจื™ืฉืข ื™ืจื•ืฉื”, ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื ืึธืš 
ืึทืœืฅ ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืึท ืกืš ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืฐื•ืขืจืง, ื“ืขืจ ืขื™ืงืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ, ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜. ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข 
ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ืŸ ืึทืคื™ืœื• ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข ืขืจื˜ืขืจ, ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืจืึทื›ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืคืึทืจื’ืจืฒึทื–ื˜ืขืจ ืคืึธืจื. ืื™ืŸ 
ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืืฑืกื’ืึทื‘ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื™-ืง'ืก ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ืฉืจื™ืคื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืคืึทืจืขืคื ื˜ืœืขื›ื˜ ืึธืŸ ืืฑืกื ืึทืก ืึทืœืข ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ืชึผืงื•ืคื” ืื™ืŸ ื™.-ืง'ืก ืฉืึทืคืŸ ื‘ืขืช ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜-ืžืœื—ืžื”, ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื ืฒื™ ื“ืขืฉื™ืคืจื™ืจื˜. ืึท 
ืกืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื“ืึธ ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ืฆื•ื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ืื™ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืึธืจื™ื’ื™ื ืึทืœ ืฆื™ ื‘ื›ืœืœ. ื“ื™ ืกืึทืžืข ื’ืจืขืกื˜ืข 
ืžืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื™-ืง'ืก ืฉืจื™ืคื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืŸ ื ืึทืฆื™-ืจืขื–ืฉื™ื ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืึทืคืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ, ื‘ื™ื– ืื™ืฆื˜ 
ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื•ืžืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืึทืคึผืฆื•ืฉืึทืฆืŸ ืึทืงื•ืจืึทื˜ ื™-ืง'ืก ืื•ื™ืคื˜ื•, ืฐืฒึทืœ ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืคืขืœื˜ ื“ืึธืก ื’ืึทื ืฆืข ื‘ื™ืœื“ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ืึทื ื˜ืฐื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืึทืคืŸ ื‘ืขืชืŸ ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ. ืขืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจืึทืŸ ืึท ืคึผืึธืจ ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื‘ื™ื– ืื™ืฆื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ 
ื“ืขืจืžืขื’ืœืขื›ื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืึทืจืฑืกื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืึท ืคื•ืœืข ืื•ื™ืกื’ืึทื‘ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื™-ืง'ืก ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ืฉืจื™ืคื˜ืŸ, ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืกื˜ืข ืฆืฐื•ื™ืฉืŸ 
ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ: ื“ืขืจ ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ืขืจ ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืึทื ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืจืึทื˜ืขืฐืขื˜ืข ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ? ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืคืึทืงื˜ ืฐืึธืก ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืžืึทื ื•ืกืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ืŸ ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืŸ ืื™ื ืกื˜ื™ื˜ื•ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข ื•ื™ ืื•ื™ืš ื‘ืฒื™ 
ืคึผืจื™ืฐื•ืึทื˜ืข ืคึผืขืจื–ืึธื ืขืŸ * 

ืขืก ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจืึทืŸ ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจ ืึท ืคืึธืจื‘ืึทื“ื™ื ื’ ืคืึทืจ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืคึผืจื•ึผื•ื• ืึธืคึผืฆื•ืฉืึทืฆืŸ ื™.ืง'ืก ื‘ืึทืฐื•ึผืกื˜ืข ืฉืึทืคื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก 
ืื™ื– -- ื“ื•ืจื›ืฆื•ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ืคืจื™ึดืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืฐื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ ื‘ืึทืงืึทื ื˜ืข ืฉืจื™ืคื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืึทืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื“ื•ืจื›ืงื•ืง ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืึทื ื˜ืฐื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื™ืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฆืŸ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืจื™ืฉืŸ ืฉืึทืคืŸ, ืœื•ื™ื˜ ืึท ื›ืจืึธื ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืฉืŸ ืกื“ืจ. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืš ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื ื•ื’, 
ื™ ืง'ืก ืฉืึทืคืŸ ื“ืึทืจืฃ ืื•ื™ืš ื‘ืึทื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืคืึธืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึธืงื•ืคึผื™ืจื˜ืขืจ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ-ืžึผืงื•ืคึผื” ืื™ืŸ 
ืœื™ื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืข ืื•ืžืฐืึทื ื“ืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ - ืึธื ื”ืฒื‘ื ื“ื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึธืงื•ืคึผืึทืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื™-ืง'ืก ืฉื˜ืึธื˜, ืœืึธื“ื–ืฉ, ืื•ืŸ 
ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข ืื™ืŸ 1939 ื‘ื™ื–ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืฉื˜ืึทื ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืงืึทืžืคืก-ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ืึทืฆื™ืข-- ื“ืขื 19ื˜ืŸ ืึทืคึผืจื™ืœ 
3, ืขืก ื“ืึทืจืฃ ืื•ื™ืš ืคืขืกื˜ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืฐื•ืขืจืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคื˜ืœืขื›ืขืจ ืึธืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ, ื“ื™ 
ื’ืขื‘ื™ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืึทืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจืขืœืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคื˜ืœืขื›ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ, ื•ื™ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืขืจ ื›ืึทืจืึทืงื˜ืขืจ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืจืฒึทื™ื–ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื•. ืขืจืฉื˜ ื“ืึทืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื•ืขืœืŸ ืคืึทืจืžืึธื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ืึธื’ืจืึทืคื™ืฉ- 
ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืข ืื™ื ืคืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข, ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืจื™ืฉืขืจ ืึทื ืึทืœื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื™ื ืข ื•ื•ืขืจืง ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืึธื ืฉืคึผืึทืจืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ 
ื‘ืึทืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืึทืงืฆื™ืข ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ-ืฐื™ืจืงืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื™.ืง'ืก ืจืฆืึทืงืฆื™ืข ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ืจ. 

ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืึทืœื’ืขืžืฒื ืขืจ ืึทืจืฒึทื ืคื™ืจ ืฆื• ื“ืขื ื‘ืึทื ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื™-ืง'ืก ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ืฉืจื™ืคื˜ืŸ ืฐืขื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจืคึฟืึทืจ ืคึฟืึทืจื ืขืžืขืŸ 
ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืฐืขืงืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฉืึทืคืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืŸ ืงืึธื ื˜ืขืงืกื˜. ื“ืขืจ 
ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืจื™ืฉืขืจ ืึทื ืึทืœื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืึธ ื’ืขื‘ืจืึทื›ื˜ืข ื•ื•ืขืจืง ืฐื•ืขื˜ ื”ืึธืคื ื˜ืœืขืš ื“ืขืจืฉืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจ ื‘ื•ืš 
ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืึทื ืึทืœื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ืงื™ืก ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉืข ืื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืฉืจื™ืคื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืœืึทื’ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืขืœ. ืึท ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทื ื“ 
ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืฐื™ื˜ืฒึทืœ-ืฉืจื™ืคื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืคึผืœืึทื ื™ืจื˜ ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ืฆื• ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื•ื™ ืึท ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืขื ื“ื’ื™ืœื˜ื™ืงืขืจ 
ืืฑืกื’ืึทื‘ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ืง'ืก ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ืฉืจื™ืคื˜ืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืจืึทื›ื˜ ืฆื• ื™ืขื“ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืง ืึท ืงื•ืจืฆืข ื”ืงื“ืžื” ืฐื•ึผ ืขืก 


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ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจื˜ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข ื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ืึธื’ืจืึทืคื™ืฉืข ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื–ื ื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืึทืกืคึผืขืงื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืฉืึทืคื•ื ื’. ื‘ื™ึทื™ื ืกื•ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ 
ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืืฑืกื’ืึทื‘ืข ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืึท ืจื™ื™ ืฆื•ื”ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื‘ืึทื”ืึทื ื“ืœืขืŸ ืœืขืงืกื™ืงืึทืœื™ืฉืข, ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืฉืข ืื•ืŸ 
ืฉืคึผืจืึทื›ืœืขื›ืข ืึทืกืคึผืขืงื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜. 

ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจื’ืœืฒึทืš ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืก ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืœื ืข ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืœืึธื“ื–ืฉ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ ื•ื™ ื–ื™ ืžื›ึผืžื”- 
ื•ื›ึผืžื” ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืช: ืกืฒึท ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึทื ื“ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืึทืคึผืœืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžืึทืกืŸ-ืคืึทืจื ื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืืฒึทื™ื ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึธื ื”ืฒื™ื‘ ืึธืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข ืคืึธืจืžืขืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืกืฒึท ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึทื ื“ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ 
ื•ื•ื™ืกื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื. ื“ื™ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ื’ืขืคื™ื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ-ืžืฆื‘ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ 
ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข ื’ืขื˜ืึธืก. ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืข ืื™ื™ื ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืจืฒึท ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืข ืื•ืŸ ื’ืจืขืกืขืจืข ื’ืขื˜ืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื”ืขืจืฉื˜ ืึทืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจ 
ืฆื™ืฉื˜ืึทื ื“, ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ืข ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืช, ืฐื™ ืึท ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืจื™ื™ ืึธื‘ื™ืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ืข 
ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืข ืคืึทืงื˜ืึธืจืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฐื™ืจืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืœื˜ื™ืงื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืŸ ื˜ืฑื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ. 

ื“ื™ ืœืึธื“ื–ืฉืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ, ืฆื•ื ื‘ืฒึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคึผืึทืจืžืึทื›ื˜ ื”ืขืจืžืขื˜ื™ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืึทืจืจื™ื’ืœื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื’ืขื”ืขืจืฉื˜ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืขืจื–ืึธืŸ -- ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจืขื–ืขืก ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ืจื•ืžืงืึธื•ื•ืกืงื™. ืื™ืŸ ืœืึธื“ื–ืฉืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึท ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ 
ื’ืขื‘ื•ืฉืขื•ื•ืขื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื ืึทืฆื™-ื˜ืขืจืึธืจ, ืฐื™ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข, ื‘ืžืฉืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ-ื™ืึธืจืŸ ื‘ื™ื–ืŸ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ. ื“ื™ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉื™ืฉืข 
ืึธื ืฐื•ืขื–ื ื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ืžื™ื ื™ืžืึทืœืข. ืœืึธื“ื–ืฉืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื˜ืึทืงืข ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึธืจื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืขืœื˜, ื”ื•ื ื’ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ 
ืงืจืึทื ืงืฒื™ื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ื›ึผืœืœ ื•ื™ ืึทื–ืึท ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคึผื˜ื•ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’-ื˜ืขื’ืœืขื›ืŸ ื ืึทืฆื™ืฉืŸ ื˜ืขืจืึธืจ ื•ื™ ืื™ืŸ 
ืฐืึทืจืฉืข. ื ืึธืš ืžืขืจ, ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ -- ืึธื ื”ืฒื‘ื ื“ื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ืกื•ืฃ ื™ืึธืจ 1941 -- ืึธื ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึธืŸ ืื•ื™ืคื”ืขืจ 
ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฐืึธืก ืก'ื’ืขืฉืขื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ื“ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืืฒื™ืจืึธืคึผืข ื‘ืขืช ืื™ืŸ ืœืึธื“ื–ืฉืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืื™ื–ืึธืœืึทืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ืึทืจื•ืžื™ืงืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึทื–ืฑ ืคื™ืœ ืึท ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ืึทื– ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทื’ืœืฒื™ื›ื˜ืข ืขื“ื•ืชืฉืึทืคื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื 
ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืฆื• ื’ืœื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืึทื– ื‘ื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืœืึธื“ื–ืฉืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ-ืœื™ืงืฐื™ื“ืึทืฆื™ืข ืžืžืฉ, ืื™ืŸ ืืฑื’ื•ืกื˜ 1944, ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืึธื“ื–ืฉืขืจ 
ื™ื™ื“ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜ ื“ืขื ืืžืชืŸ ื‘ืึทื˜ืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ-- ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ 1942 ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ 
4 ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ืขื ื“ื’ื™ืœื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืœื™ืงื•ื•ื™ื“ืึทืฆื™ืข.+ 

ืก'ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืขื ื™ืŸ ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืขืœ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืกืึทื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืงืขื ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ืžื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœืึธื“ื–ืฉ, ืžืžืฉ ืคืึทืจ 
ื“ืขืจ ืœื™ืงืฐื™ื“ืึทืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ. ื™ืึทืกื ื™ ืคื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ื•ืš: "ื ืึธืš ื“ืขื ื•ื™ ืขืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืืฒึทื ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ืคึผืจื•ึผืฐื•ืŸ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึท ืงืึธื ื˜ืึทืงื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืขืจื“ื™ืฉืข ืงืขืžืคืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื—ื•ืฆืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ, ืื•ืŸ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืฆื• ื ื™ืฉื˜ 
ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื™ืขื“ืข ื”ืึธืคึผืขื ื•ื ื’ ืฆื• ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืฐืึธืคึผื ื˜ืŸ ืฐื™ื“ืขืจืฉื˜ืึทื ื“, ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืจื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืคึผืึทืจื˜ืฒืขืŸ ื’ื•ืคื, ืึธื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืึท ื“ื™ืกืงื•ืกื™ืข ืึทืจื•ื ื“ื™ ืคืจืึทื’ืŸ: ืœืึธื–ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึทืจื•ื™ืกืคื™ืจืŸ 'ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืฒื™ื˜ืฉืœืึทื ื“ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜, 
ืึธื“ืขืจ ื‘ืœื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ื“ื•ืจืš ืืฑืกื‘ืึทื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฐื•ึผ ืžืข ืงืขืŸ, ื›ึผื“ื™ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจืฐืึทืจื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืคึผืจืฒึทื•ื ื’ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ืขืจ 
ืจืฑื˜ืขืจ ืึทืจืžืฒ, ืฐืึธืก ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฒึท ืฐืึทืจืฉืข. ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืข ื–ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืช, ื’ื‘ื™ืช-ืขื“ื•ืช ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื™ืœืขืจืก ื˜ืึธื’ื‘ื•ืš, ืฐืึธืก 
ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืึทื’ื™ืฉืข ืจืึทื ื’ืœืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœืึธื“ื–ืฉืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ืื™ืŸ ืœืขืฆื˜ืŸ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืขืงื–ื™ืกื˜ืขื ืฅ - ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ 
ืงืœืึธืจ ื•ื™ ืฐืฒึทื˜ ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืžืึธืœื˜ ื“ืขืจื’ืจื™ื™ื›ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉืขืจ ืงืึทืžื•ืคืœืึทื–ืฉ. ื›ึผืžืขื˜ ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื“ืขืžืึธืœื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ืคืœื˜, ืึทื– ื“ื™ ื“ืฒึทื™ื˜ืฉืข ืžืึทื›ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืœ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ 'ืึทืจื•ืกืคื™ืจืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืฒึทื™ื˜ืฉืœืึทื ื“ื™".* 

ื’ืึธืจ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึทื ื˜ืฐื™ืงืœื˜ ื“ื™ ื ืึทืฆื™ืฉืข ื”ืึทื ื“ืœื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืขืึทืงืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืœื ืข, ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื™ืึธืจ 
ื ืึธื›ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื‘ืจื•ืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžืœื—ืžื”. ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืœื ืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ืื™ื– ืึทืจืฒึทื™ื ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึทื–ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึทืกืŸ-ืคืึทืจื ื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ 
ื’ืœืฒึทื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื ืึธื›ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื‘ืจื•ืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžืœื—ืžื” ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืจื•ืกืœืึทื ื“ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉืœืึทื ื“. ื“ืึธืก ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืŸ 
ืžืขืจื‘-ืคึผืฑืœืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข ืื™ื– ืึธืคึผื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืš ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืœืขื ื’ืขืจืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืึทืฆึตื™ 
ืจื“ื™ืคื•ืช ืื•ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจืึธืจื“ืขื ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืœืขื ื’-ืื•ื™ืก ืคืึทืจืฉืฒื“ืขื ืข ืื™ืŸ ืคืึธืจืฑืก ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืข ืขื˜ืึทืคึผืŸ,? ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืœื ืข 
ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืงืึธื ืฆืขื ื˜ืจื™ืจื˜ืขืจ ืคืึธืจื ื‘ืžืฉืš ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื’ืึธืจ ืงื•ืจืฆืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜, ืึธืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื•ืช. ืขืก ืื™ื– 
ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจ ืงื™ื™ื– ืฆื•ืคืึทืœ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฐืึธืก ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืจื•ืฃ - ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจืžืขื’ืœืขื›ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืฒึทื™ื˜ืฉืŸ ืคื™ืจืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ื•ื™ ืฉืึธืฃ ืฆื• 


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ื“ืขืจ ืฉื—ื™ื˜ื” -- ืื™ื– ืึทืจืฑืก ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืœื ืข, ืึธื ื”ืฒื‘ ื™ืึทื ื•ืึทืจ 1942.' ื ืึธืš ื“ืขื ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืจื•ืฃ ืคืึทืจืฉืคึผืจืฒื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ 
ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืฉื˜ื— ืคื•ืŸ ืึธืงื•ืคึผื™ืจื˜ืŸ ืคึผืฑืœืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืขืœืข ืฉืœื™ื—ื™ื. ืคึผืึธื ืึทืจ, ื“ืขืจ ืคืึทืจื ื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ืก ืึธืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ืœื ืขืจ 
ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ, ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื ืึทืฆื™ืฉืขืจ ืึธืงื•ืคึผืึทืฆื™ืข ืคืึทืจื•ืึทื ื“ืœื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืกื™ื ืึธื ื™ื ืคื•ืŸ 
ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ-ืžืึทืกืŸ-ืืฑืกืจืึธื˜ื•ื ื’ (ืื•ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜-ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ). ืฆืขื ื“ืœื™ืงืขืจ ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจืฉืึธืกืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ 
ืคึผืึธื ืึทืจ ื‘ืึทืœื“ ืฐื™ ื“ื™ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ืื™ื– ืึทื ื˜ืฉื˜ืึทื ืขืŸ. ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ืื™ื– ื‘ืžืฉืš ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืœืขื ื’ืขืจืขืจ ืชึผืงื•ืคื” ืึธื ื’ืขื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ ืึท 
ืจืขืœืึทื˜ื™ื•ื• ืจื•ื™ืงืขืจ ืคึผืขืจื™ืึธื“, ื“ืขืจ ืขื™ืงืจ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ 1942. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืœื ืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ืึทื ื˜ืฐื™ืงืœื˜ ืึทืŸ 
ืื™ื ื˜ืขื ืกื™ื•ื• ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ-ืœืขื‘ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืฉืึธื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืึธื ืึทืจ. 

ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึทื ื“ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื ืึทืฆื™-ื”ืึทื ื“ืœื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืจืขืึทืงืฆื™ืขืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ืจ, ื’ืขืคื™ื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฐืึทืจืฉืข ืื™ืŸ 
ืžื™ื˜ืŸ, ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืœืึธื“ื–ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืœื ืข. ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืขื˜ ืื™ื– ืึท ื’ืขื˜ืึธึท ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื’ืขืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ืข ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื ืึธื›ืŸ 
ื ืึทืฆื™ื“ืึทืจืฒื ืžืึทืจืฉ, ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืžืขืจ ื•ื™ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ ืึทืฐืขืง ื‘ื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืึธืงื•ืคึผืึทื ื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึท ื’ืขื˜ืึธ 
ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜. ื‘ืžืฉืš ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื™ืึธืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜, ืคืึทืจืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ, ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื‘ื”ื“ืจื’ื” ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข 
ืขื˜ืึทืคึผืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืึทืฆื™ืฉืŸ ืืฑืกืจืึธื˜ื•ื ื’-ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก: ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื‘ืึทืฆืฒื™ื›ื ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืกื™ืžืŸ, ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื”ืึธื‘ ืื•ืŸ 
ื’ื•ื˜ืก ืื™ื– ื‘ืฒึท ื–ื™ ืฆื•ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ื‘ืึทืคืขืœืงืขืจื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– ืงืึธื ืฆืขื ื˜ืจื™ืจื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ 
ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜ืŸ ืฉื˜ื— ืคืึทืจืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ. ื ืึธืš ื“ืขื ืฐื•ื™ ื“ื™ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจืžืึทื›ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉืŸ ืคืึธืจื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜ 
ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ืจื“ื™ืคื•ืช ืื•ืŸ ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ื’ื•ืคื ื‘ืžืฉืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ืึธืจืŸ 1940, 1941 ื‘ื™ื– ืžืขืจืฅ 1942, ืขืจื‘ ื“ืขื ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ 
ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื•ืžืขืจ 1942. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ืจืขืœืึทื˜ื™ื•ื• "ืจื•ื™ืงืข" ืชึผืงื•ืคื” ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ืก'ืื™ื– ืึธื ื’ืขื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ ืึทืŸ 
ืื™ื ื˜ืขื ืกื™ื•ื• ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ-ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืึธืš ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืึทื ื•ื ื’ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื”ืึทื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืžืึทืกื ืžืึธืจื“ ืื•ืŸ ื ืึทืฆื™ืฉืขืจ ื˜ืึธื˜ืึทืœืขืจ 
ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸืืฑืกืจืึธื˜ื•ื ื’. ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจ ืื™ื– ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืฆื• ืฆืขื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ ื ืึธืจ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข ื“ืึธืก ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืื™ื ืขืจืœืขื›ืข ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืŸ 
ื ืึทืฆื™ื“ืจืขื–ืฉื™ื, ืื•ื™ืฃ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ: ื“ื™ ืชึผืงื•ืคื” ืฐืึธืก ืคืึทืจืŸ ืึทืจืฒึทื ื“ืจื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืฆื™ื™ื’ื•ื ื’ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืžืึทืกืŸ- 
ืืฑืกืจืึธื˜ื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืขืจืฆืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืžื•ื—ื•ืช ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ-ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืชึผืงื•ืคื” ืฐืึธืก ื ืึธื›ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทื ืขืžืขืŸ 
ื“ื™ ื’ืจืฑืœื™ืงืข ืžืžืฉื•ืชื“ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™, ื ืึธื›ืŸ ื’ืขืคึผืจื•ึผื•ื•ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืึทืœืฒืŸ ื‘ืขืชืŸ 
ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ. 

ื“ืึธืก ื’ืขืึธื’ืจืึทืคื™ืฉืข ืื•ืŸ ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืข ืึธืจื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืฐืึทืจืฉืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืึทืจื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืžืึทืคึผืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ 
ื•ื•ืขืœื˜-ืžืœื—ืžื”, ื“ืขืจ ืคืึทืงื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืงืึธื ืฆืขื ื˜ืจื™ืจื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจืขืกื˜ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ 
ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืจื•ื 150,000 ืคึผืœื™ื˜ื™ื, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื—ืœื•ืฆื™ืฉืขืจ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืขืจื“-ื‘ืึทื•ื•ืขื’ื•ื ื’, ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขื ื‘ื•ื ื“ ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ื™ืจื˜ืข ื’ืจื•ืคึผืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข ื’ืขื˜ืึธืก ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืขืจื“ื™ืฉืข 
ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ืึทืฆื™ืขืก - ื“ื™ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืงื˜ืึธืจืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื“ืขืจืžืขื’ืœืขื›ืŸ ืฆื• ืฆืขื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืฆึทื•ื•ื™ื™ 
ืชึผืงื•ืคื•ืช ืฐืึธืก ื“ืขืงืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืฉื•ื˜ืขืจืขืจ ืฆืขื˜ื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’: ืคืึทืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธื›ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ ืื™ืŸ 
ืฐืึทืจืฉืข. ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึทื ื“ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ื‘ืึทืฐื•ึผืกื˜ื–ืฒึทืŸ, ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ืฆืขื˜ื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ ืึทืŸ ืื•ืžืคึผื™ื ืงื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืื•ืŸ 
ืžืขื›ืึทื ื™ืฉืข, ืฐื•ืฒึทืœ ื–ื™ ืจืขื›ื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ื’ืฒื™ืกื˜ื™ืงืข ืจืขืึทืงืฆื™ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ืึทืฆื™ืึธื ืขืœืข ื‘ืึทืžื™ึธื•ื ื’ืขืŸ 
ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืฐื™ื“ืขืจืฉื˜ืึทื ื“ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข ืื•ืคื ื™ื, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึทื ื˜ืฐื™ืงืœื˜ ื ืึธืš ืžื™ื˜ ืžืึธื ืึทื˜ืŸ 
ืคืจื™ึดืขืจ, ืคืึทืจืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ. 

ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ืข ื›ืึทืจืึทืงื˜ืขืจื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืข ืฉื˜ืจื™ื›ืŸ ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ืจืงืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข, ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ 
ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉืงืฒื˜ (ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจื’ืœืฒึทืš ืžื™ื˜ ืœืึธื“ื–ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืœื ืข) ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื”ืึทื˜ ืึท ื“ืขืฆื™ื“ื™ืจื ื“ื™ืงืข ื”ืฉืคึผืขื” ืื•ื™ืฃ ื™ืฆื—ืง 
ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ืฉืึทืคื•ื ื’ืกื•ื•ืขื’. ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก, ืึท ื“ืึทื ืง ื“ืขืจ ืขื ื’ืขืจ ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื™.ืง. ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ 
"ื“ืจื•ืจ-ื”ื—ืœื•ืฅ" ื‘ืึทืฐืขื’ื•ื ื’, ืื™ื™ื ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆืขื ื˜ืจืึทืœืข ื™ื•ื’ื ื˜- ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ืึทืฆื™ืขืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืจื•ื ื˜-ื‘ืึทื•ื•ืขื’ื•ื ื’, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืึท ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืข ื˜ืจืฒึทื‘ืงืจืึทืคื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืงืึทืžืฃ-ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ืึทืฆื™ืข. ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ืœืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืคืึทืจืฆืฐืฒึทื’ื˜ืขืจ ื ืขืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื-ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ืœืขืจืก ืื™ื– ื–ื™ 


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ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ื•ื˜ ืื™ื ืคืึธืจืžื™ืจื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืึทืœืฅ ืฐืึธืก ืก'ืงื•ืžื˜ ืคืึธืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึธืงื•ืคึผื™ืจื˜ืŸ ืคึผืฑืœืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ 
ืื™ื ืคืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ืคืึทืจืฉืคึผืจืฒื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืขืจื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืคึผืจืขืกืข. ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืฐืขื’ื•ื ื’-ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ืœืขืจ 
ืฐืึธืก ืคืœืขื’ืŸ ื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ืคื•ืŸ ืžื—ื•ืฆืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ืชืœืžื™ื“ื•ืช.* ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืคืึทืจืฉืคึผืจืฒื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืขืจื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืคึผืจืขืกืข, ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฐื•ืขืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืฆื•ืงืขืจืžืึทืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื˜ืขื ืขื ื‘ื•ื™ื-ื˜ืึทืžืึทืจืึธืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธื ืคื™ืจืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืจื•ืจ-ื”ื—ืœื•ืฅ, ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื™ื ื™ืฆื™ืึทื˜ืึธืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ืึทืฐืึธืคื ื˜ืŸ 
ืื•ื™ืคืฉื˜ืึทื ื“ ืงืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ื ืึธืขื ื˜ืข ืคืจืฒื™ื ื“.? ื™.ืง'ืก ื ืึธืขื ื˜ืข ื‘ืึทืฆื™ึธื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ 
ืึธื ืคื™ืจืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ "ื“ืจื•ืจ-ื”ื—ืœื•ืฅ" ื‘ืึทื•ื•ืขื’ื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ืขืจ ืึธื ื˜ืฒื™ืœ ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจืข 
ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืจื•ื ื˜-ืึทืงื˜ื™ืฐืฑื˜ืขื˜ืŸ, ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ื ื‘ืึทืคึผืจืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืœืึทืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืขื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ืงืฒื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืึทืจืึทืœื™ื–ื™ืจื˜ืขืจ 
ืคึผืึทืจืฉื˜ื•ืžื˜ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื‘ืฒึท ืคื™ืœ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืœืขื›ืข ื“ืขืจืฉื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ. 

ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ ื’ืขืฉืึทืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืก ืื•ืŸ ืœืึทื’ืขืจืŸ ืงืขืŸ ื‘ืึทืฐื™ื–ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืึทื– ืก'ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจืึทืŸ ืึท 
ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉืข ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ืขืจ "ื™ื“ื™ืขื”" ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืึทืฆื™ืฉืข ืืฑื™ืกืจืึธื˜ื•ื ื’-ืฆื™ืœืŸ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจืขืึทืงืฆื™ืข 
ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืจื™ืฉืขืจ ืฉืึทืคื•ื ื’; ืึทื– ื“ื™ "ื™ื“ื™ืขื”" ื”ืึธื˜ ืึท ื”ืฉืคึผืขื” ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื›ืึทืจืึทืงื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ 
ืึทื ื˜ืฐื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ. ื“ืึธืก ื ื™ืฉื˜-ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ืฆื™ ื“ืึธืก ื™ืึธ-ืฐื™ืกืŸ ืึทื– ื™ื™ึทื“ืŸ ื•ื™ ืึท ื›ึผืœืœ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืึธืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื ืึทื 
ืคืึทืจืžืฉืคึผื˜ ืฆื•ื ื˜ื•ื˜ ืฉืคึผื™ื’ืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ืึทื˜ื™ืจืœืขืš ืึธืคึผ ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืจื™ืฉืŸ ืฉืึทืคืŸ. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ืึธืจ ืึทืŸ ืขื ื™ืŸ 
ืคื•ืŸ "ื™ื“ื™ืขื”" ืึทืœื™ืŸ, ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื˜ื™ืคืขืจืข ืฉื™ื›ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืงืขื ื˜ืขื ื™ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทืฐื•ึผืกื˜ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ืึท 
ืงืึธืžืคึผืœื™ืฆื™ืจื˜ืขืจืข ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขื ื•ื™ ื‘ืึทื–ื™ืฆืŸ ื‘ืœืฑื– ืึทืŸ ืื™ื ืคืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืžืึทืกื ืžืึธืจื“ืŸ. ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข 
ื‘ืึทืฐื•ึผืกื˜ื–ื™ื ื™ืงืฒื˜ ืฆื•ื ืื•ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืจื™ืฉืข ืฉืึทืคื•ื ื’ ื‘ืคืจื˜ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ืขืจืฉืึทืฆื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– 
ื•ื™ ืึทืŸ ืื™ื™ื ื“ื™ึทื™ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืึทืงื˜ ื•ื•ืขืžืขื ืก ืฆื™ืœ ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืกืฆื•ืคื•ืจืขืžืขืŸ ืึท ืจืขืึทืงืฆื™ืข ื•ื™ ืึท ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขื ืขืจ 
ืื™ื ืคืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ-ืคืึทืจื ื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’. ื“ืึธ ื”ืึทื ื“ืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืึท ื‘ื”ื“ืจื’ื”ื“ื™ืงืŸ ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช 
ื“ืึทืจืคืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ ืคืึทืจืฐื•ืึทื ื“ืœื˜ ืฐื•ืขืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืฆืฒื™ื’ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืงืขื ื˜ืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืžืฆื‘ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืึธืŸ 
ืคึผืจืขืฆืขื“ืขื ื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ื‘ื™ื– 1939. 

ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจื–ื™ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื’ื–ื™ืจื•ืช, ืจื“ื™ืคื•ืช ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืึธื’ืจืึธืžืขืŸ, ื•ื™ ืื•ื™ืš ืžืึธืจื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ 
ืึทืคึผื™ืœื• ืฆืขื ื“ืœื™ืงืขืจ ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืจืขืฆืขื“ืขื ื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ื ืึทืฆื™ืฉืขืจ ืื•ืžืงื•ื-ืชึผืงื•ืคื”. ื ืึธืš ืžืขืจ, 
ืื™ืจ ื’ืึทื ืฆืขืจ ื’ืึทื ื’ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืึธืจ ื’ืขืงืขื ื˜ ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ืึทืจืงืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืขืจืฐื•ืึทืจื˜ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื›ึผืœืœื™ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื–ื™ืš ืึทืจืฑืกืฆื•ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉืข ื”ืขื ื˜, ืคืจื™ึดืขืจ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ. ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืึธืจ ื’ืขืงืขื ื˜ ื‘ืึทืคืขืกื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืึธืคึผืฐืึทืจื˜-ืจืขืึทืงืฆื™ืขืก, ืขื“ ื™ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื–ืขื. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื˜ืึทืงืข ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืฑื™ืคึผื˜-ืจืขืึทืงืฆื™ืข ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื›ืึทืจืึทืงื˜ืขืจื™ื–ื™ืจื˜ 
ื“ื™ ืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ืข ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืงืจืฒึทื–ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื™ื•ื’ื ื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื‘ืึทืฐื•ืขื’ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข, ืคื•ืŸ ืึธื ื”ืฒื™ื‘ ืึธืงื•ืคึผืึทืฆื™ืข ืื•ืŸ 
ื‘ืžืฉืš ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืœืขื :ืขืจืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜, ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ืฐืึธืก ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืึธ ืงืœืึธืจ ื’ืขื”ืึทื ื“ืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึท 
ื“ืขืจืึธื‘ืขืจืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืงืœืึธืจืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืงืึธื ืกืขืงืฐืขื ื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื“ืขืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืข ื›ึผืœืคื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ืžื–ืจื—-ืืฒื™ืจืึธืคึผืข 
ื‘ืึทืœื“ ืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ื™ ืึธื ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื ื“ืขื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจื™ื›ื˜ืœื™ื ื™ืขืก ืฐืึธืก ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืคื™ืจืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืงืœืึธืจ 
ืคืึธืจืžื•ืœื™ืจื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืคืจื™ืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ ืึทืคึผื™ืœื• ืึธื ื’ืขืฐืขื ื“ืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืœืึทื ื“ ื’ืœืฒึทืš ื ืึธืš ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ 
ืžืึทื›ื˜. | 

ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื ื˜ื•ื™ึทื˜ื™ื•ื• ืึทืœืฒืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ืึทื ืขืŸ ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืœืึทื ื’ ื ืึธืš ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ืžืœื—ืžื”, ืื™ืŸ 
ืฐืึทืจืฉืข ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ื’ืขืจื™ืกืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืึทืœื’ืขืžืฒื ืขื ืฉื˜ืจืึธื ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืึทืฉืœืึธืกืŸ ืึธืคึผืฐืึทืจื˜ืŸ, 
ืกื•ืžืš ื–ืฒึทืขื ื“ื™ืง ื–ื™ืš ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข. ืึท ื‘ืฒึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ ืคืึทืจ ืึทื–ืึท ืžื™ืŸ "ืกืชึผื™ืจื”" ืžื›ึผืœื•ืžืจืฉื˜, 
ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ืื™ื ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ื™ื•ื•ืข ื”ืฉื‚ื’ื•ืช ืื•ืŸ ืึท ืจืขืึทืงืฆื™ืข ืฐืึธืก ืฉืคึผืึทืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืŸ 
ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ-ืื•ืŸื“ื“ืขื-ื–ืขืœื‘ืŸ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ื‘ืฒึท ืื™ื: "ื–ืึธืœืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื“ื™ ื‘ื›ึผื‘ื•ื“ื™ืงืข ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืคืจื™ืขืจ, 
ื“ืขื 1940ืกื˜ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ ืžื•ื—ืœ ื–ืฒึทืŸ, ืžื™ืจ ื•ืฐืขืœืŸ ื–ื™ ื ื™ื˜ 'ืคึผืจืึทืฐืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืึธืจืฆืฒึทื˜-ืคืฒึทืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื–ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ 


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ื˜ืขื’ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืึทื“ืฑืขืจืŸ. ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ืข ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืื™ื– ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ืคืึทืจ ื™ื™ื“ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืขื“ื™ืงืข. ื–ืฒื™, ื“ื™ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ืข, ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึธืจื‘ืŸ ื•ื™ 
ืขืก ืฉื˜ืึทืจื‘ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ -- ืจื•ื™ึทืง, ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ... ืื™ืŸ ืคื•ืœืŸ ื‘ืึทืฐื•ึผืกื˜ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืึทื– ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืึทืฐืขืงื’ืฒืŸ ืขื ื“ื™ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืขืก ื ื™ื˜... ืฆื• 
ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ, ืฆื•ื ื™ื•ื ื’ืŸ ื“ื•ืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืก ื ื™ื˜... ื–ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึธืจื‘ืŸ ืจื•ื™ืง ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ื’ืขืœืขื’ืขืจืก... ืื•ืŸ 
ืžื™ืจ, ืžื™ืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืึทืœืข ืคืึทืจืžื™ืฉืคึผื˜ืข, ื™ื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืึทืœื˜ ืคืึทืจืžื™ืฉืคึผื˜, ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืขื ื“ื™ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืขืก... ืฉื˜ืึทืจื‘ืŸ ื•ื™ ืขืก 
ืฉื˜ืึทืจื‘ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ -- ืึทืšึฐ, ืฐืึธืก ืคืึทืจ ืึท ื’ืœื™ืง! ืžื™ืจ ืฉื˜ืึทืจื‘ืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜, ืžื™ืจ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื•ื... ืžื™ืจ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืขืŸ ื™ืขืฆื˜ 
ืึทืœืข, ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืŸ ืฆื™ื™ื›ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ืžืงื•ืžืขืŸ". ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ื“ืจื™ืงื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ื™.ืง. ื‘ืฒึทื™ื ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœื›ึผื‘ื•ื“ 
ื“ืขื ื™ืึธืจื˜ืึธื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื—.ื . ื‘ื™ืึทืœื™ืงืก ื˜ื•ื™ื˜, ื–ื•ืžืขืจ 1940, ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ื™ื•ื•ืข ื”ืฉื‚ื’ื” ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื‘ืฒึทื ืกื•ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืคื™ืจื˜ 
ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืก: "ื‘ื™ืึทืœื™ืงืก ืฆืขืจ-ืœื™ื“ ืฐืขื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื“ืขืจื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืœื”ื‘ื, ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ืœืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืฆืขืจ-ื’ืขื–ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ 
ื•ืขืœืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื‘ื™ึทื™ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ {ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขืฉื˜ืจืึธื›ืŸ -- ื™"ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืกื˜ืข ื ืกื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ 
ื˜ืขื’ ืื•ืžื‘ืจื—ืžื ื•ืชื“ื™ืง ื’ืขืคึผืจื•ึผืฐื•ื˜. "ืก! 

ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืคืึธืจืžื•ืœื™ืจื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื™ืึธืจ ืื•ืŸ ืึท ื”ืึทืœื‘ืŸ ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืขืก ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืึธืŸ ืึธื ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข ื“ื™ 
ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืžืึทืกืŸ-ืคึผืึทืจื ื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ. ื™.ืง. ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืฆื• ื’ืœื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืžืึทื›ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ื’ืขื”ืขืจื™ืงืข ืื•ื™ืกืคื™ืจืŸ. ื“ื™ ืžืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ-ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืึธืš ืึท ืœืึทื ื’ืข ืฆืฒึทื™ื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื‘ื™ื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืฆื• ื“ื™ 
ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ืึทืคึผื™ืœื• ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืจื•ื™ืœ-ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ื•ื˜ ื‘ืึทืงืึทื ื˜. 

ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจ ื“ืึทืจืฃ ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ื”ื“ืจื’ื”ื“ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื“ืขืจืงืขื ื˜ืขื ื™ืฉ- ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก ื‘ืึทื˜ืึธื ื˜ ืฐื•ืขืจืŸ, 
ืึทื– ื“ื™ ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉืข ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ-ื“ืขืจืžืึธืจื“ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืึทืคื™ืœื• ืžืึทืกื ืฐืฒึทื–, ืื™ื– ืึทืœื™ื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื‘ื›ึผื•ื— 
ืึทืจืฒึทื™ื ืฆื•ื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ ืึท ื“ืจืึทืกื˜ื™ืฉืŸ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืคืึทืจืฐืึธืจืฆืœื˜ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜-ื‘ืึทื ืขื ืฐืึธืก ืฉื˜ืขืงื˜ ื˜ื™ืฃ ืคืึทืจื–ืขืฆื˜ 
ื‘ืืžื•ื ื” ืฉืœืžื” ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทื’ืจื™ืคืŸ-ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื, ืœื•ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืขื ื“ืœืขืš ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืฆื“ืง ืื•ืŸ ื™ื•ืฉืจ. ืึธื˜ 
ื“ื™ "ื ืึทื™ึธื•ื•ืงื™ื™ื˜" ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ื•ื•ืขื•ื ื˜ืœืขื›ืขืจ ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืžื–ืจื—-ืืฒื™ืจืึธืคึผืขื™ึดืฉืŸ ื‘ืึทืฐื•ึผืกื˜ื–ืฒึทืŸ, ืฐืึธืก 
ืงืฐืึทืœื˜ ืึทืจืฑืก ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ื’ืœื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืงื‘"ื”, ื“ืขื ื‘ื•ืจื-ืขื•ืœื, ืฐืึธืก ืึทืœืข ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืจืขื›ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืืžืช ื•! 
ืžื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคืŸ ื‘ื›ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืจืขืึทืงืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ื‘ืขืชืŸ ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ ืึธืคึผื”ืขื ื’ื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืื™ื ืคืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืžืึทืกืŸ-ืืฑืกืจืึธื˜ื•ื ื’ ืึทืœื™ื™ืŸ. ื“ืึธ ื•ื•ืขื ื“ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืขืก ื“ืขืจ ืขื™ืงืจ, ื•ื™ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜, ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื‘ื”ื“ืจื’ื”ื“ื™ืงืŸ 
ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืฐืึทืงืกื ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ื‘ืึทืฐื•ึผืกื˜ื–ื™ื ื™ืงืฒื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ืึทื˜ืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื ืคืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืžืึทืกื ืžืึธืจื“ืŸ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜-ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ. ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืฐืึทืงืกื ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ื‘ืึทืฐื•ึผืกื˜ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืืžืชืขืจ ื“ืขืจืงืขื ื˜ืขื ื™ืฉ ืงื•ื“ื 
ื›ืœ, ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืคึผืึธืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื’ืจื•ื ื˜-ืคืึทืงื˜ืึธืจืŸ: (ื) ืึท ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ื˜ืจืึทื“ื™ืฆื™ืึธื ืขืœืขืจ ืฐืขืœื˜ื‘ืึทื ืขื; (ื‘) ื“ืึธืก ืึธืจื˜ ืฐืึธืก 
ืฐืึทืจืฉืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืึทืจื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื‘ืฒึทื™ ื“ื™ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ืคึผืœืึทื ื™ืจื˜ืข ืขื˜ืึทืคึผืŸ ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ืขื ื“ื’ื™ืœื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืžืึทืกืŸ- 
ืืฑืกืจืึธื˜ื•ื ื’. ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืคืึทืงื˜ืึธืจืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื”ืึทื˜ ืึท ื“ืขืฆื™ื“ื™ืจื ื“ื™ืงืข ื”ืฉืคึผืขื” ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ืึทืกื™ืžื™ืœืึทืฆื™ืข-ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื ืคืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ืฐืึธืก ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ืขืจืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื”ื™ืคึผืฉืขืจ ืžืึธืก ื“ืขื 
ื›ืึทืจืึทืงื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืจืขืึทื’ื™ืจืŸ. 

ื“ืขืจ ืžื”ืœืš ืฐืึธืก ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ืขื ื–ื™ืš-ื“ืขืจื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืจืขืึทื’ื™ืจืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื ืคืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข -- ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืœื•ืกื˜ืจื™ืจื˜ 
ื“ืขื ืขื ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ "ื™ื“ื™ืขื”" ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืึทืฆื™ืฉืข ืืฑืกืจืึธื˜ื•ื ื’ ืฆื™ืœืŸ ื•ื™ ืึท ื‘ื”ื“ืจื’ื”ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื–ื™ืš ืึทืœืฅ 
ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ืึทืจืงื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ื‘ืึทืฐื•ึผืกื˜ื–ืฒื™ืŸ -- ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคึผืึทืจืฐืึทื ื“ืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืฆืขื ื˜ืจืึทืœืขืจ ื˜ืขืžืข ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื™ื™ื ืขื ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืงื™ื 
ืื™ืŸ ื™. ืง'ืก "ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ืคื•ื ืขื ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื”ืจื’ืขื˜ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืคึผืึธืœืง", ืฐืึธืก ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜: "ืฆื• ืฉืคึผืขื˜". ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจืง ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืŸ 
ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ: "ื•ื•ื™ื™ ืžื™ืจ, ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืข ืฉื›ื ื™ื ืื•ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื™ื™ึธื“,/ ืึทืœืข ืžื™ืจ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื‘ื™ื– ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ, ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœื˜ ื‘ื™ื– ื™ื•ื ื’-- ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืขืก ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜,/ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืึทืจืฑืกื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื•ื™ืœ ืขืก... ืฉืึท! ืžื™ืจ 
ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคืึทืจ ื–ื™ืš ืึทืœืฒื™ืŸ ื’ืขื”ื™ื˜/ ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืขืก ืคืึทืจืฉืฐื™ื’ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื“ืึทื ืง ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืŸ, ืคึฟืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ 
ื‘ืจื•ืกื˜. "2 

ื•ื™ ืึท ื‘ืึทืœืขืจื ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืฒึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขื ื•ื™ ืึทื–ืฑ ื“ืึธืก ื‘ืึทืฐื•ึผืกื˜ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคึฟืึธืจืžื™ืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜ืข ืกื™ื˜ื•ืึทืฆื™ืขืก ื“ื™ 


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ื“ืขืจืงืขื ื˜ืขื ื™ืฉ, ื“ืึทืจืฃ ื’ืขื‘ืจืึทื›ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืฆื• ืจื™ื™ื“ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’ื‘ื•ืš ืคื•ืŸ ื—.ื. ืงืึทืคึผืœืึทืŸ?! ืฐื•ึผ ืœืขื ื’-ืื•ื™ืก ื“ืขื ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ 
ืงืจื™ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ื–ื™ืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึท ื‘ื”ื“ืจื’ื”ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืฐืึทืงืกื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ื‘ืึทืฐื•ึผืกื˜ ื•ึถื•ืขืจืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื–ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทื˜ืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืžืึทืกืŸ-ื”ืจื™ื’ื•ืช, ืคื•ืŸ ืึธื ื”ืฒื™ื‘ ืงืจื™ื’ ืึธืŸ. ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืขื ื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจื ืขืžื˜ ืงืึทืคึผืœืึทื ืก ื’ืขื“ืึทื ืงืขืŸ-ื’ืึทื ื’ ื‘ืžืฉืš ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ื’ืึทื ืฆืขืจ ืชึผืงื•ืคื” ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ. ื‘ืฒึท ืื™ื ืงืขืŸ ืžืขืŸ ืงืœืึธืจ ื“ืขืจื‘ืœื™ืงืŸ. ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข ืขื˜ืึทืคึผืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท 
ื’ืฒึทืกื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืึธื ืฉื˜ืจืขื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืฐืึธืก ืคืœืฒึทืกื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ื‘ืึทื ืขืžืขืŸ ื“ืขื ืืžืช ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืขื ืฉื›ืœ.*! ืื™ืŸ ื—.ื. 
ืงืึทืคึผืœืึทื ืก ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ืข ื–ืฒึทื˜ืŸ (ื–ืข ื”ืขืจื” 14) ืื™ื– ืงืึธื ื˜ื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ืึธื ื”ืฒื™ื‘ ืึธืŸ ืึทื– ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืคื™ืœื˜ 
ืึทื– ื“ืึธ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืคืึธืจ ืขืคึผืขืก ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืจืขืฆืขื“ืขื ื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืึธืœืง. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืึทืคื™ืœื• 
ืขืจ, ืึท ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ื™ืฉืขืจ ืœืขืจืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืชึผื "ืš - ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคืขื™ึดืง ื‘ื™ื–ืŸ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืžืึทื™ 1942, ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ, ื“ื™ 
ืคึผืจืึทืงื˜ื™ืฉืข ืื™ืžืคึผืœื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ื™ื™ื˜ืฉื™ืฉืข ืžื™ื ื™ ืคืึทืจืคืึธืœื’ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ. ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจ ื“ืขืจื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืกื•ืฃ ืกื•ืฃ ืฆื•ื ืืžืช ืื•ืŸ 
ืื™ื– ื‘ื›ึผื•ื— ืฆื• ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืฐืึธืก ืก'ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืึธืคึผื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ,*! ืื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื˜ืœืขืจืก ืจื™ื™ื“ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืึท ืกื•ืฃ 
ืžืึทื›ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ (ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืื™ื ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ื•ื˜ ื‘ืึทืงืึทื ื˜ ื ืึธืš ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ืžืœื—ืžื”) -- ืื™ื– 
ืขืจ ืึทืœืฅ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ื“ืขื ืืžืช ืึทืจืฑืกื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืขื ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ื™ื˜ ืื™ื ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ื‘ื•ืš ื“ื•ืจืš 
ืขืžืขืฆืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ. ืงืึทืคึผืœืึทืŸ ื’ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืขื ื™ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื• ืขืคึผืขืก ืึท ืจ' ื”ืขืจืฉ, ืฐืึธืก ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืคืึธืจื•ื™ืก ื“ืขื 
ืžืึธืจื“ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ืžืงื•ื ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฆืŸ ืžื–ืจื—-ืืฒื™ืจืึธืคึผืขื™ึดืฉืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื ื˜ื•ื ืื™ืŸ ื ืึทืฆื™ืฉืข ื”ืขื ื˜. ืœื•ื™ื˜ืŸ ืื•ืคืŸ ื•ื™ ื—.ื. ืงืึทืคึผืœืึทืŸ ื’ื™ื˜ 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืจ' ื”ืขืจืฉ, ื–ืขื˜ ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืก ืฆื• ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืจืขืึทืœืข ืคึผืขืจื–ืึธืŸ ื ืึธืจ ืึท ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืจื™ืฉืข 
ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทืœื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืงืึทืคึผืœืึทืŸ ืึทืœื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฆื•ื’ืขื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜, ื›ึผื“ื™ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื™ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ื‘ื•ืš ื“ืขื ื’ืจืฑืœื™ืงืŸ ืืžืช 
ืฐืึธืก ื ืึธืจ ืฆื•ื ืกื•ืฃ, ืคึฟืึทืจืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ, ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฅ ืคืึธืจื’ืขืคื™ืœื˜.?! ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื˜ืึทื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืจ' ื”ืขืจืฉืก ืžื•ื™ืœ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ 
ื’ืขื‘ืจืึทื›ื˜ ื‘ื™ื–ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ืคึผืึทืจืฉืฐื™ื ื“ื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทืœื˜ ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ื‘ื•ืš. ืจ' ื”ืขืจืฉ ืฐืฒึทื–ื˜ 
ืื•ื™ืก ืฆื• ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื“ืขืจ "ืึทืœื˜ืขืจ ืขื’ืึธ" ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึทืคึผืœืึทื ืขืŸ ื“ืขื ื–ืขืœื‘ืกื˜-ื‘ืึทืฐื•ึผืกื˜ื–ื™ื ื™ืงืŸ ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืงืขืจ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜, ืœื•ื˜ 
ื•ื™ ืขืจ ืึทืœื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทื˜ืึธื ื˜, ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืืฑืฃ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ืคืึทืจืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ืข ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืข ืคึผืึทืงื˜ืŸ. ื“ื™ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจืข 
ื“ืขืจืงืขื ื˜ืขื ื™ืฉ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืฉืจืขืงืœืขื›ืŸ ืžืขื’ืœืขื›ืŸ ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืŸ ืืžืช, ืึทื– ื“ืึธ ื’ืฒื˜ ืขืก ืื™ืŸ ืคื•ืœืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืงืขืจ 
ืืฑืกืจืึธื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืข ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืคืึทืจืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ ืคืึทืจืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืขืจ ื›ืจืึธื ื™ืง, 
ื ืึธืจ ืžืคึผื™ ืึท ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืจื™ืฉืขืจ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทืœื˜. ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืื™ื ืขืจืœืขื›ืข "ืคึผืขืจื–ืขื ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜-ืฆืขืฉืคึผืœื™ื˜ืขืจื•ื ื’" ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ 
ื‘ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืฐืฒึทื– ืคึผืึทืจืŸ ืœืึทื ื’ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ ืฐืึธืก ื“ืึธืก ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ื‘ืึทืฐื•ึผืกื˜ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜ืข ืคืึทืœืŸ ื‘ืึทื“ืึทืจืคื˜ 
ื“ื•ืจื›ืžืึทื›ืŸ ื‘ื™ื– ืขืก ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื• ืึท ืคื•ืœืขืจ ื“ืขืจืงืขื ื˜ืขื ื™ืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืึท ืคึผื ื™ื ื–ื™ื ืœืึธื–ืกื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื˜ืขืจืกื˜ืŸ ืืžืช 
ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืึธืœืง. 

ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืึทืœื’ืขืžืฒื™ื ืขื ืึทืจืฒึทื ืคึฟื™ืจ, ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข ืื•ื™ืš ื‘ืึทืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื™.ืง'ืก ืฉืึทืคืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืคืึธืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืŸ 
ืึทื ืึทืœื™ื– ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ "ื™ื“ื™ืขื”"-ืึทื ื˜ืฐื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ ื‘ืฒึท ืื™ื, ื•ื™ ืึท ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก ืžื™ื˜ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืจื™ืฉืข ืขื˜ืึทืคึผืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืคื™ืจื˜ ืฆื• ืึท 
ื“ืขืจื•ื•ืึทื›ื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืงืขื ื˜ืขื ื™ืฉ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืืžืช ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืื•ืžืงื•ื. ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืึทืกืคึผืขืงื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ืง'ืก ืฉืขืคืขืจื™ืฉืŸ 
ื‘ืึทืฐื•ืกื˜ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื– ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืขืœ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืคืึทืจืŸ ื“ืขืจืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืึทืคืŸ, ืฐืฒึทืœ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืื•ืŸ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉืข 
ื•ื•ืขืจืง ืคื•ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜-ืžืœื—ืžื” (ืื•ืŸ ืึทืคื™ืœื• ื ืึธืš ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜-ืžืœื—ืžื”), ืฉืคึผืจืฒึทื–ื˜ 
ืึทื“ื•ืจืš ืึท ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืื™ืžื”ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืื•ืžืจื• ืื•ื™ืฃ ืคึผืึทืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช. ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืฒึทื ืคื•ืœืขืจ ืื•ืžืจื• ืื™ื– ื‘ืฒึทื™ ื™.ืง. 
ืึทืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื“ืจื•ืง ืคึฟืึทืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฆืขื˜ืจื™ื™ืกืœื˜ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ื˜ืจืึทื“ื™ืฆื™ืึธื ืขืœืŸ ืฐืขืœื˜ื‘ืึทื ืขื ืื•ืŸ ื’ืœืฒึทื›ืฆืฒึทื˜ื™ืง -- ืึทืŸ ืึธื ืฐืฒึทื– ืื•ื™ืฃ 
ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืื•ืžื“ืขืจืžื™ื“ืœืขื›ืข ื–ื•ื›ืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ื ืึธืš ื ืฒึทืข ืื™ื ื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืœืขื‘ื ืก-ืคืึธืจืžืขืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื–ืึธืœืŸ ื‘ืึทื–ื™ื ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ 
ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทืœื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืกืฒึท ื“ื™ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืœืขื›ืข ืื•ืŸ ืกืฒึท ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืขืงื–ื™ืกื˜ืขื ืฅ. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ึดืฉืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ 
ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืจื™ืฉืขืจ ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืง ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื™-ืง'ื™ืก ืฉืึทืคืŸ, ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜-ืžืœื—ืžื”, ืื™ื– ื‘ื“ืจืš-ื›ึผืœืœ 
ืึธื ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืึท ืฆื•ื’ืึทื ื’ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ืคึผื•ืš ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ืข. ืื™ืŸ ืฆืขื ื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืึธืคึผืฉืึทืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืึทืคืŸ 
ืื™ื– ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืึทืฐืขืงื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื–ื™ื ื’ืขื•ื•ื“ื™ืงืข ืฉืคึผื™ืœืขื•ื“ื™ืงืฒื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– ื‘ืึทื˜ืึธื ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื“ืขืจ 


18 


ืœืฒึทื™ื›ื˜ืขืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜-ื“ืื’ื”ื•ื•ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ื˜ืึธืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคึผืึธืขื–ื™ืข."! ื“ืึธืก ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืขืงื–ื™ืกื˜ืขื ืฆื™ืึทืœืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืึทื˜ื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืึทืคืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜-ืžืœื—ืžื” ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ืคึผืึทืจืฉื˜ืขื ื“ืœืขืš ืึธืคึผื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื‘ืึทื ืขื ืคื•ืŸ ื™.ืง'ืก ืฉืึทืคืŸ ื‘ืขืช ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜-ืžืœื—ืžื”. ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืฐืึธื’ื™ืงืข 
ื•ื•ืขืจืง ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืŸ ื ืึทืฆื™-ืจืขื–ืฉื™ื ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื›ึผืžืขื˜ ืฐื™ ืึท "ืžื•ื˜ืึทืฆื™ืข", ืฐื™ ืึท 
ื’ืฒึทืกื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืึทืจื•ื™ืคืฉืคึผืจื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืฉื˜ืฒึทื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื›ึผื•ื—ื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื, ืฐืึธืก ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขืงืขื ื˜ 
ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืึทื– ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืคึผืึทืจืึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืžืขื ืก ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืจื™ืฉืขืจ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ื”ืึธื˜ ืœื•ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืง 
ืงืึทืจื’ ืฐืึธืก ื’ืขืงืขื ื˜ ืึธื ื•ื•ื™ื™ื–ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืจื™ืฉืŸ ืกื•ืฃ. ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืžื—ื™ืฆื” ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื’ืจืขืกืขืจืข ืชึผืงื•ืคื•ืช ืคื•ืŸ 
ื™-ืง'ืก, ืฉืึทืคืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžื›ึผืœื•ืžืจืฉื˜ืข ืื•ืžืคืึทืจืฉื˜ืขื ื“ืœืขื›ืงืฒื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืึทื ื’ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื–ื™ื™, ืฐืขืœืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ื“ืึธ 
ืคึผืจื•ึผื•ื•ืŸ ืึธืคึผืคืจืขื’ืŸ, ืึธืคึผืฉื˜ืขืœื ื“ื™ืง ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื ืึธืขื ื˜ืข ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืฐืึธืก ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื’ืจืขืกืขืจืข 
ืชึผืงื•ืคื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืึทืคืŸ. ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื‘ืึทืฐืฒึทื–ืŸ ืึทื– ืขืก ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจืึทืŸ ืึทืŸ ืื™ื ืขืจืœืขื›ืข ืงืึธื ื˜ื™ื ื•ื™ึทื˜ืขื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืื—ื“ื•ืชื“ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ 
ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฆืŸ ืฉืึทืคืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืึท ืจืขื•ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ ืื™ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ืขื ืกื™ืคื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜ืข ืจื™ื›ื˜ืœื™ื ื™ืขืก 
ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืจื™ืฉืŸ ืื•ื™ืคื˜ื• ืื•ืŸ ืื™ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืคืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคึผืึธืขื˜ื™ืง. 

ื™.ืง'ืก ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืจื™ืฉืข ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ื‘ื™ื– ืึท ืงื•ืจืฆืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืคืึทืจืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ, ืื™ื– ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืขื™ืงืจ ืึทืจื•ื ืึท 
ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ-ืึธื ืฉื˜ืจืขื ื’ ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฆื™ืœ ืื™ื– ืฆื• ืฉื˜ืึทืจืงืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืžื•ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื“ืขื ื™ื™ึดื“ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื“ืขืจืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื™ื™ืื•ืฉ, ื“ื•ืจืš ืžืคืจืฉ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืขืงื–ื™ืกื˜ืขื ืฆื™ืึทืœืŸ ืžืฆื‘ ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื™ื™ืกื˜ืŸ 
ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื›ึผื•ื— ืคื•ืŸ ืชึผื "ืš-ื’ืฒึทืกื˜. ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ืฉืึทืคืŸ ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข ืื™ื– ืขื ื’ ืคืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืขืจื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ-ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ-ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื ืขืžื•ื ื’ืขืŸ. ืคืึทืจ 
'ื“ืขื ืึทืœืขืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ื ื˜ ืื™ื ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื•ึนืŸ ืกื™ืžืคึผืึทื˜ืขื˜ื™ืฉืข ืฆื•ื’ืขื”ืขืจื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ "ื“ืจื•ืจ"- ืื•ืŸ "ื”ื—ืœื•ืฅ"- 
ื‘ืึทืฐืขื’ื•ื ื’, ื•ื™ ืึท ื–ื™ื›ืขืจืขืจ ืึธื ืฉืคึผืึทืจ ืื•ืŸ ืึท ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคึผื˜ืœืขื›ืขืจ ืงืึธึทื ื˜ืขืงืกื˜. | 

ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืขื ื’ืข ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื™.ืง. ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทื•ื•ืขื’ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ "ื“ืจื•ืจ" ืื•ืŸ "ื”ื—ืœื•ืฅ" ื ืึธืš ืื™ืŸ 
ืœืึธื“ื•ืฉ, ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ 30ืงืขืจ ื™ืึธืจืŸ, ื–ืขื˜ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืก ืึทื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึธืงื•ืคึผื™ืจื˜ืขืจ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื 
ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ืจืฒึทืฃ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทื“ื™ื ื’ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจืŸ ืžืฉืชึผืฃ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื™.ืง. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืฐื•ืขื’ื•ื ื’-ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜, ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจืข 
ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข ืคืึธืจืžืขืŸ. ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึทื–ืฑ ืึทืจื•ื ืคึฟืึธืจื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึท ืฐื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื™.ืง'ืก ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื•ื™ ืึท ืคึผืœื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 
ืœืึธื“ื–ืฉ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข: ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื—ืœื•ืฆื™ื ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื“ืขืจืœื•ื™ื‘ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึทืจืฑืกืฆื•ืจืฒึทืกืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ืคืขื ื™ืฉืŸ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืขืœื ื˜ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืึทื ื˜ืฐื™ืงืœืขืŸ ืึท ื’ืขืคึผื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืึทืงื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืฆื•ื’ืขื”ืขืจื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืึท ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜ืŸ ื›ึผืœืœ-- ืึทืŸ ืขื ื™ืŸ 
ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื‘ืฒึท ืื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืึธืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฆืขื ื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืขืจ ืขืงื–ื™ืกื˜ืขื ืฆื™ืึทืœืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืึทื˜ื™ืง. 
ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจ 1939 ืื™ื– ืฉื˜ืึทืจืง ืงืึธื ื˜ื™ืง ื“ื™ ืื™ื™ื ื–ืึทืžืงืฒื˜ ื•ื™ ืึทืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืœืขื‘ื•ื ื’ืก-ื™ืกื•ื“ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืคึฟื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขืฆื™ื“ื™ืจื ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฐืขืœื˜ื‘ืึทื ืขื. ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืขื ื’ืข ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื—ืœื•ืฆื™ืฉืŸ ื›ึผืœืœ ื•ื•ืขืžืขื ืก 
ืื™ื“ืขื ื˜ื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜ืขืจ ืจืขืคึผืจืขื–ืขื ื˜ืึทืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคื˜, ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืึท ืงืฐืึทืœ 
ืคืึทืจืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืฉื˜ืฒึทื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทื ืฒึทื˜ืข ืฉืึทืคืขืจื™ืฉืข ื›ึผื•ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืฒึท ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืขืŸ. ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืึทืคืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึทืŸ 
ืึทื ื˜ืฐื™ืงืœื˜ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืคืึธืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื˜ืจืึทื’ื™ืฉืขืจ ืงืึธืžื‘ื™ื ืึทืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืข ืœืขื‘ื ืก-ื‘ืึทื“ื™ื ื’ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืŸ 
ื ืึทืฆื™-ืจืขื–ืฉื™ื ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืคืึทืงื˜ื™ืฉืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืงื•ื ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืคึผื•ื‘ืœื™ืงื•ื ืฆื• ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืงืขื ื˜ ื•ื•ืขื ื“ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ื 
ืžืฉืคึผื™ืข ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืจื™ืฉืข ืฉืึทืคึฟื•ื ื’ืขืŸ. ื“ื™ ืงืึธืžื‘ื™ื ืึทืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืขืจ ืกื™ื˜ื•ืึทืฆื™ืข ืžื™ื˜ 
ื’ืฒึทืกื˜ื™ืงืข ื‘ืึทื“ืขืจืคึผืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืคึผืึธื˜ืขื ืฆื™ืึทืœืŸ ืคึผื•ื‘ืœื™ืงื•ื ืฉืึทืคื˜ ืึท ื•ื•ืขื–ื ื˜ืœืขื›ืŸ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื™.ืงื™ืก ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืจื™ืฉืขืจ 
ืึทืงื˜ื™ืฐื™ื˜ืขื˜.-ื•ื•ื™ ืึทืŸ ืื™ืœื•ืกื˜ืจืึทืฆื™ืข ืคืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืขื ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื™ื“ื ืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืชึผืงื•ืคื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ื™.ืง'ืก 
ืขืงื–ื™ืกื˜ืขื ืฆื™ืึทืœืŸ ืžืฆื‘ ื•ื™ ืึท ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ, ืงืขืŸ ื“ื™ื ืขืŸ ืึท ืคืึทืจื’ืœืฒึทืš ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืœื™ื“ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ืŸ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืžื”ืœืš 
ืคื•ืŸ 0 ื™ืึธืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื–ื™ื™. ื“ื™ ื‘ืฉื•ืชืคื•ืชื“ื™ืงืข ื’ืจื•ื ื˜ื˜ืขื ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืฉืคึผื™ื’ืœืขืŸ ืึธืคึผ ืึท ืคึผืขืจืžืึทื ืขื ื˜ืŸ 
ื’ืจื•ื ื˜ืžืึธื˜ื™ื•ื• ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฆืŸ ืฉืึทืคืŸ. 


19 


"ืืœื’ื™ื”" - ืชืจืก"ื“ 
ื•ื“ืžื“ื•ืžื™ื, ื—ืœืง ืฉื ื™, ืข' 25-24ืŸ 


1 ืœืžื” ื”ื ื ื™ ืœื‘ื“ื“ ืคื”, ื›ื” ื‘ื“ื“ ืขื ื™ื’ื•ื ื™, 
ื”ืืžื ื ืื—ื“ ืื ื™-- ื•ืื—ื“ ื”ื•ื ืืกื•ื ื™? 
ื”ืจืง ืœื™ ื”ื™ืชื” ืชืงื•ื” ืฉืœื ื‘ืื”, 
ืื ืจืง ืœื™ ื ืจืื” ื”ื—ืœื•ื ื•ื“ืื”? 
ื”ืื ืจืง ืฉืžืฉื™ ื ืœืงื”, ืื ืจืง ื–ื™ื•ื™, 
ืื ืจืง ืื‘ื™ื‘ื™ ื›ืœื”, ืจืง ืื‘ื™ื‘ื™? 
ื•ื’ื•ืฉ ื”ืขื ืŸ-- ืจืง ืขืœ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ ื›ื™ืกื”. 
ื”ืื ืจืง ื›ื›ื‘-ืœื‘ื™ ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืœืžืฉืกื”? 


ืœื, ืœื ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื”ื ื ื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ืจื‘ื™ ื—ืœื“: 
ืžืœืื›ื™-ืžื•ืช ืžืœื•ื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ืืฉืจ ื™ื•ืœื“; 
ื‘ืจื“ืช ืชืงื•ื” ืœืขื•ืœื-- ืœื ื”ืื—ื“ ืฆื“ื”, 
ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ืื‘ื“ื” ืชืงื•ื•ื” ืœืจื‘ื™ื ื”ืŸ ืื‘ื“ื”! 
ืืช ื—ืœื•ื-ื”ื–ื”ื‘ ืœื ืœื‘ ืื—ื“ ื—ืœื, 

ื•ืœื ืœื‘ ืื—ื“ ืขื–ื‘ ื•ื™ืขืœื. 

ื”ืฆืจ, ืฉื”ืจืข ืœื™, ื’ื ืื—ื™ ื”ืŸ ืœื ื—ืžืœ, 
ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื–ืจ ื•ืจื“ื™ ืฉื•ืฉืŸ ืื—ื™ ืงืžืœ... 

ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื›ื•ื›ื‘-ืœื‘ื™ ืขืžื“-- 


ื•ืื ืขืœื” ืขื‘ ื‘ืฉื—ืงื™ื ืœื ืจืง ืื•ืชื• ื—ืžื“... 


2 ืื™ื–ื” ืžืจื” ืฉื—ื•ืจื” ืฉืจื•ื™ื” ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื -- 
ืœื ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื”ื ื ื™, ื™ืฉ-ื™ืฉ ืื‘ืœื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื, 
ืืš ืœืžื” ื–ื”, ื”ื•ื™ ืœืžื” ื”ื ืžืชื—ื‘ืื™ื 
ื•ื‘ื•ื›ื™ื ื‘ื›ื™ ื—ืจื™ืฉื™, ื•ืœืžื” ื ื—ื‘ื ืงื•ืœื? 


ืขืจื‘ ื—ืจืฃ ื‘ื ื•ื“ืคืง ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ื”ื‘ื•ื“ื“.- 
ืขืจื‘ ื—ืจืฃ, ืขืจื‘ ื—ืจืฃ, ืžื” ืœื™ ืชื‘ื™ื? 
ืขืฆื‘ ื—ื“ืฉ, ืžื›ืื•ื‘ ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืขื“ ืœื‘ื‘ื™.- 
ื”ืื™ืŸ ืœืš ื ื™ืฆื•ืฅ ืชืงื•ื”, ืฉื‘ื™ื‘ ืžืขื•ื“ื“? 


ื ื’ืฉืชื™ ื“ึนื ืœื—ืœื•ืŸ: ืขื ืŸ ืืคื•ืจ ืฉื›ื‘ 
ืขืœ ื”ืฉื—ืงื™ื, ืฉืœื’ ืœื‘ืŸ ืฆื— 
ื›ืชื›ืจื™ืš ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ื ื—, 
ื•ืขืฆื‘ ืึถืœึดื ืขืœ ื”ืฉืœื’ ืจื—ืฃ... 


"ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ืคื•ื ืขื ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื”ืจื’ืขื˜ืŸ 
ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืึธืœืง" -- 1944 
ื ืคืจืง ื™"ื’ "ืžื™ื˜ ื—ืœื•ืฆื™ื", ื–ื–ื™ 94-93ืŸ 
..."ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืคืจืฒึทื™ื ื˜ ื’ืขื”ืึทื˜ ื“ืึธ ื ืึธืขื ื˜ืข-- 
ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื–ื™ื™ ืงื™ื™ื ืขื ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืžืขืจ!/ 
ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขืืฒื™ืœ ืึทืจืฒึทื ื’ืขืจื™ืกืŸ ื–ื™ืš 
ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ 

ืื•ืŸ ืจืฒึทืก ืึทืจืฑืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขืืฒึทืœ/ 


ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืคืจืฒึทื™ื ื˜ ื’ืขื”ืึทื˜ ื“ืึธ, ื ืึธื ื˜ืข, ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ 
ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืื•ืŸ ืžื•ื–ื™ืงืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืžืึธืœืขืจ.- ื ื™ืฉื˜ืึธ 
ื–ื™ื™ ืงื™ื™ื ืขื ืฉื•ื™ืŸ,/ ืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ืึทืœืข 
ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื”ืจื’ืขื˜, ื”ืœืœ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ืœื™ื ืขืŸ -- ืžืขืŸ 

ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืœื™ืช ืื™ื, ืฆื•ื ืื•ืžืฉืœืึทืง ืื™ื 
ืคืึทืจืฉืœืขืคึผื˜,/ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืื•ืžืฉืœืึทืง ืื™ื 
ื“ืขืจืฉืึธืกืŸ, ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ, ื’ื™ืœื‘ืขืจื˜ - 
ื‘ืจื™ืœื™ืึทื ื˜ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืงืจื•ื™ืŸ-- / 
ืฐืึทืจืฉืึทื•ื•ืกืงื™ืก! ื“ืึทืฐื™ื“ืึธืฐื™ื˜ืฉืขืก! ื–ืฉืึทืง 
ืœืขื•ื•ื™ืก! ืื•ืŸ ืึธืกื˜ืฉืขื’ืึทืก- ืึธ ืงืจื•ื™ื ืขืŸ 
ืฉื˜ืึธืœืฅ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืื•ื™ืฃ ืงืขืคึผื™ 


ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืฐืึธืš ืึทืจื•ื-- ืื•ืŸ ื›'ื’ื ื‘ืข 
ื–ื™ืš ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ... ืื™ืš 


ื”ืึธื‘ ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ ืฆื•ืงืขืจืžืึทื ืขืŸ, ื™ืึธ!/ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืฆื•ืงืขืจืžืึทื ืขืŸ 


ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš, ืฆื‘ื™ื”ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš -- 

ื“ื™ ืฉืขื ืกื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืขืกื˜ืข ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ 
ืขืจื“!/ ื—ืœื•ืฆื™ื! ื™ืึธ! ืฐืขืจ ื–ืึธื’ื˜: ืžื™ืจ 

ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึทืœืฅ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืจ'ืขืจื“ ืคืึทืจืœืฑืจืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ? 
ื—ืœื•ืฆื™ื ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ืึธ!/ ืก'ืื™ื– ื“ืึธ ืึทืŸ ืื™ื ื”ืึทืœื˜ 


ื ืึธืš, ืึทืŸ ืึธื ื”ืึทืœื˜... ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜, ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ 


ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื ืึธืจ ืงื•ื™ื 
ืคืึทืจื˜ืจืขืจื˜... 


20 


ืœื ืื—ื“ ื”ื ื ื™-- ื™ืฉ-ื™ืฉ ืื‘ืœื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื -- 
ืืš ืื™ืคื” ื”ื? ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื‘ื–ื•ื™ืชื• 

ืงื•ื‘ืœ ืขืœ ื’ื•ืจืœื• ื•ื—ื•ื ืง ืฉื ืืช ื‘ื›ื™ืชื•, 
ืื™ืคื” ื”ืžื”? ืื™ื” ื”ื ืžืชื—ื‘ืื™ื? 


ืœื•ื˜ ื™.ืง'ืก ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคึผืึธืขื–ื™ืข, ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœื’ืขืžืฒืŸ ื›ืึทืจืึทืงื˜ืขืจื™ื–ื™ืจื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื•ื™ ืึทืŸ 
ืื•ื™ืกื“ืจื•ืง ืคืึทืจ ืึทืŸ ืขื™ืงืจ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืึธืขื˜ืก ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืงืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื‘ืึทื’ืจืฒึทื™ืคื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ื™ืฉืขืจ ื”ืงื“ืžื” ืฆื• 
ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื“ืจืฒึท ื‘ืขื ื“ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉืข ืœื™ื“ืขืจ, ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ ืชืจืฆ"ื–, ืคืึธืจืžื•ืœื™ืจื˜ ืขืจ ืขืก ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข, ืึทื–ืฑ: "ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ืขืจ- 
ื‘ื•ืš ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืจ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื•ืš ื–ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืช , ืฐืึธืก ื‘ืจืขื ื’ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืขื™ืงืจ ืคืึทืงื˜ื™ืฉืข ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ืื•ืŸ 
ื˜ืึธื’-ื˜ืขื’ืœืขื›ืข ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ืžืžืฉ... ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื‘ื•ืš ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืขืก ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ, ืฐืฒึทืœ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื’ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื 
ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคืึทืจืึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืึทื–ืฑื ืก ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ื ืžืฆื, ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืก ืฆื• ืคืึทืจื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ, ืฐืฒึทืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืึธ 
ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ืึธืจื˜... ืขืก ืื™ื– ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืึธืจื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคืึทืจืึทืŸ ืคืึทืจืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื’ืขืจ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืฉืจืฒื™ื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืœื™ื“ืขืจ-ื‘ื•ืš ืืœื 
ื ืึธืจ ืคืึทืจ ืขืคึผืขืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื”ืขื›ืขืจ ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขื... ืขืคึผืขืก ืึทืŸ ืขื™ืงืจ ืฐืึธืก ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื‘ืึทื’ืจืฒึทืคื˜... ื•ืื•ืŸืŸ 
ื“ืขืจืคึผืึทืจ ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคืึทืจืึทืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืžืื•ื—ืจ ืื•ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืžื•ืงื“ื ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื“ืขืจ... ืžืฒื™ื ืข ืึทืœืข ืœื™ื“ืขืจ, 
ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ(ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืฃ ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ, ื–ืขื ืขืŸ, ื•ื•ื™ ืขืก ืฉืฒึทื ื˜, ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืžืขืจ ื•ื™ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืง 
ืœื™ื“, ืื•ืŸ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืžื•ื– ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ื™ืžืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืึทืจืฆื™ื™ื›ืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื“ืึทื˜ืข ื•ื•ืขืŸ 
ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฐื•ืึธืจืŸ, ื•ื•ืฒึทืœ ื“ืึธืก ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜."* (ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขืฉื˜ืจืึธื›ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ-- ื™"ืฉ, 
ืึท ื—ื•ืฅ ื“ืึธืก ืฐืึธืจื˜: ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ). 

ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืฉื•ืชึผืคื•ืชื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืžืึธื˜ื™ื•ื• ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืื™ื™ื ื–ืึทืžืงืฒื˜, ืื™ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ ืชืจืก"ื“ ืื™ื– ืขืก ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ 
ืื™ื™ื ื–ืึทืžืงืฒื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืึทื›ืฆืŸ ื™ืขืจื™ืงืŸ ื™ื•ื ื’ืŸ ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื•ื•ืขืžืขื ืก ืึธืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคึผื˜ืœืขื›ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ-ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื‘ ื‘ืฒึท ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ 
ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜. ืื™ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ 1944 ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื‘ืึทืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื™ื™ื ื–ืึทืžืงืฒื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ 1942, ื ืึธื›ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืจืขื‘ืœื™ื ืงืข. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืึทื‘ืกืึธืœื•ื˜ืข ืื™ื™ื ื–ืึทืžืงืฒื˜. ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืคืจืฒื™ื ื“, 
ื“ื™ ื—ืœื•ืฆื™ื, ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจืึทืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ืคืึทืจืึทืŸ ืึทืŸ ืื™ื ื”ืึทืœื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืึท {ื’ืฒึทื™ืกื˜ื™ืงืขืจ) ืึธื ืฉืคึผืึทืจ. ื“ืขืจ 
ื’ืจื•ื ื˜-ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ ืคืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืœื™ื“ืขืจ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ืฉืคึผื™ื’ืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒ ืึธืคึผ ืื™ื–- ื“ื™ ื‘ืขื ืงืฉืึทืคื˜ ื ืึธืš ืึท 
ื‘ืฉื•ืชึผืคื•ืชื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืœืขื›ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ืจืงืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฐืึธืก ื–ืึธืœ ืึทืจืฑืกืฐืึทืงืกืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืคืึทืจืžืขืกื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ 
ื’ื•ืจืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ื–ืึทืžืขืจ ืขืงื–ื™ืกื˜ืขื ืฅ. ืึทื–ืึท ืื™ื– ื˜ืึทืงืข ื“ืขืจ ืขืงื–ื™ืกื˜ืขื ืฆื™ืึทืœืขืจ ืžืฆื‘ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ื™.ืง. ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื’ืขืœืขื‘ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืฉืึทืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ. 

ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืจื™ืฉืขืจ ืื•ื™ืคื˜ื• ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทื˜ืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืฐืขืจืง, ืื™ืŸ 
ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฆืŸ ืฉืึทืคืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืคืึธืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ื ืึทืฆื™ื™ื”ืขืจืฉืึทืคื˜, ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื‘ื™ื– 
ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขื”ืขืจื™ืงืข ืื•ื™ืคืžืขืจืงื–ืึทืžืงืฒื˜ ืฐืึธืก ื–ื™ื™ ืคืึทืจื“ื™ื ืขืŸ. ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืฐืขืจืง ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข ืื•ืŸ 
ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขืžืึทื˜ื™ืฉ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื‘ืึทื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึธืคึผื ืขืฉืึทืฆื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื•ื™ 
ื’ืขื”ืขืจื™ืง ื“ืขืจ ืคืึทืงื˜ ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื•ื•ืขืจืง ื‘ืขืช ื“ืขืจ ืžืœื—ืžื” ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืžืขืจ ื•ื™ ืึท ืจื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื“ื™ื•ื•ื™ื“ื•ืขืœืขืจ ืจืขืึทื’ื™ืจืŸ, ืฐืฒึทืœ 
ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืจื™ืฉืข ื•ื•ืขืจืง ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืขื ื’ ืคึผืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคึผื˜ืœืขื›ืŸ, ืื™ื“ืขื™ึดืฉืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืกืึธืฆื™ืึทืœืŸ ืงืึธื ื˜ืขืงืกื˜. 
ืขืก ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจ ืึท ืžื•ื–, ืคืึทืจ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืขืจื ืกื˜ืŸ ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ืงื•ืง ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืจื™ืฉืŸ ืึธืคึผืฉืึทืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื™-ืง'ืก ืฉืึทืคึฟืŸ ื‘ืขืชืŸ 
ืื•ืžืงื•ื, ืขืก ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ืึธืจ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืŸ ื•ื™ ืึทืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื“ืจื•ืง ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืคึผืขืจื–ืขื ืœืขื›ืŸ ืงื•ืง ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทื–ื™ื ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ, ื ืึธืจ 
ืื•ื™ืš, ืื•ืŸ ืืคืฉืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื”ืฑืคึผื˜ ื•ื™ ืึทืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ืขื’ืจืึทืœืขืจ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ื’ืฒึทืกื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ื“ืฑืขืจื”ืึทืคื˜ื™ืงืฒื˜, 
ื›ืึทืจืึทืงื˜ืขืจื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉ ืคืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ืข ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืงืจื™ื™ื–ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทืฐืขื’ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ 


21 


ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืข 


ื“ 


ืœืกืึธืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื 


ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ 


ื 





ืึทื ื˜ืคึผืœืขืง 


ืฐื•ืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึท 
ืŸ ื“ื™ ื” 


ื™ื“ 


ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืข ื“ื™ืžืขื ืกื™ืข ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ื™ 


: 


ืจืžืขืŸ (ื“ืขืจ ืขื™ืง 
ืง 


/ 


ื—ืœื•ืฅ) -- 
ืก ืฉืึทืคืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื 


ืึทื ื˜ื•ื™ืง 


/ 


ืœื˜ 


ืขืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื“ืขืจืžืขื’ืœืขื›ืŸ ืฆื• 


ื•ื•ืขื’ื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ 


ื“ึน 


, ืื™ืŸ ืึท 


ืœึน 


ืข ืื™ืจืข ืคืึธ 


ื’ื™ืฉืขืจ ืกื›ืขืžืข ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึทืงื˜ื™ืฐืฑื˜ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ 


ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืจื•ืจ 


ื“ื” 


ืง 


ื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืฐืฑื™ื“ืขืจืฉื˜ืึทื ื“- ื‘ืึท 


ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื›ืจืึธื ืึธ 


ืœื 


ื ืœื•ื™ื– ืึท 


ืงืึธ 


ืึธืžื‘ื™ื ืึทืฆื™ืข ืค 


ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ) ื“ืขื ื‘ืึทืฐืึธืคื ื˜ืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืจื•ื ื˜. 
ื•ืŸ ืึท ืคึผ 


ื™ื“ 


ื– 


ืึธื“ืจืึธื‘ื ืขื ืื™ื‘ืขืจื‘ืœื™ืง 


ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ื›ืจืึธ 


ื“ 


ื ื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ื™.ืง 


ืก ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืŸ ืขืงื–ืึทืžืขืŸ 


ื’ืขืฉืึทืค 


| ื“ืขื ืง 


ื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ-ืื™ื“ืขื™ 


ืฉืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืจื•ื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ (ืืคืฉืจ ืฆื• ืฉืคึผืขื˜.- 


ืœื•ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข 


ื“ื™ ื›ืจืึธื ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ืฉืึทืคืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื›ืจืึธื ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ 


ื ืึธืš ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜-ืžืœื—ืžื” ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื™.ืง. ื’ืขืฉืœืึธื’ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืขื” ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืขื ื™ืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืขืก 
ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ืฒึทื™ื ืข ื•ื•ืขืจืง. ื“ืึทืŸ ื“ืจื™ืงื˜ ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืก ืึทืŸ ืึทืžื‘ื™ืฐืึทืœืขื ื˜ืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืึทื ื’ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื ื•ื™ื˜ื•ื•ืขื ื“ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืึธื ืฆื•ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืึท ื“ืึทื˜ืข 
(ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ื™ืึธืจ). ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื˜ ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจื˜ ืขืจ ืคึผืจื˜ื™ืžื“ื™ืง ืคืึทืจ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืขืก ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ 
ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืก'ื”ืึทื ื“ืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืคืจื˜; ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืขืจ ืฆื• ื–ื™ืš 
ืึทืœื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืจืก ืื™ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ ืชืจืฆ"ื—, ืึทื– ืื•ื™ืฃ ืœื”ื‘ื ืฐืขื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืกื˜ืึทืจืขืŸ ืคึผื™ื ืงื˜ืœืขื›ืขืจ ืึธื ืฆื•ื’ืขื‘ืŸ 
ื“ืึทื˜ืขืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืœื™ื“.?! ืก'ืื™ื– ืึธืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ืคืœ ืคืึทืจืึทืŸ ืึท ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื™-ืง'ืก ื‘ืึทืฉืœื•ืก ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืขืก 
(ื“ืึธืก ื™ืึธืจ ื ืึธืจ) ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขืคื™ืœ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืฆืฒึทื˜ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืฆืฒึทื˜ืŸ, ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคืึทืจืŸ ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ 
ืคืึทืจืŸ ื›ึผืœืœ. ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจ ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืงื“ืžื” ืฆื• ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื“ืขืจืฉื™ื ืขื ืข ืœื™ื“ืขืจ, ืื™ืŸ ืชืจืฆ"ื—: 
"ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ื–ื™ืš ื˜ืึทืงืข ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ (ืึธื ืฆื•ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืขืก| ืึท ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืฆื• ืฉืคึผืขื˜, ืก'ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื›ึผืžืขื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื›ึผื“ืื™... 
ืึธื˜ ื•ึทื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ) ืžื™ืจ, ืื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืขืœื˜ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจื ืขื ื˜ืขืจืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ื ื’ืจืขื ืขืฅ, ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื• ืคื™ืœ ื™ืึธืจืŸ, ื–ึตื™ื™ 
ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืกืš ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืึธืœืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึทื–ืฑื ืข ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืžืขืจืŸ, ืฐืฒึทืœ ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ืข ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฐืึธืก 
ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ืื™ืฆื˜ื™ืงืข ืฐืึธืก ืžื™ืจ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืฆื˜, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื˜ืึธื’, ืื™ืŸ ืึธื˜ 
ื“ืขืจ ืฉืขื”" ื•ึตื™.ืง. ืฆื™ื˜ื™ืจื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืœื™ื“ ื–ืฒึทื ืขื, ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ ืชืจืก"ื’, ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ: "ื”ื–ื™ื”"ื–: 
"ืึทืŸ ืื•ืจื— ืคื•ืŸ ืึนืคืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื ืืคืœ ืคื™ืจื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’,/ ืก'ืื™ื– ืžื™ืจ ืฆื•ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื“ืึธ ืึท ื˜ืึธื’ 
ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื›ื˜, ืื•ืžื–ื™ืกื˜ ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืžื™ืจ -- / ืฐืฒึทื™ืœ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื–ื•ื ืืฑื™ืคื’ืึทื ื’ ืฐืขื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืึทืจืึธืคึผื ืขืžืขืŸ 
ื“ืขื ืงืึธืคึผ" 20 | 

ืก'ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฆื• ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ืคืœืขืŸ, ืึทื– ื“ืขืจ ืขื ื™ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืขืก ืคืึทืจ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื‘ืฒึทื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื™-ืง'ืก ืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ 
ืคึผืจืึทืงื˜ื™ืง ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ื’ืขื‘ื™ื˜, ืฉืคึผื™ื’ืœืขืŸ ืึธืคึผ ืึท ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืึทืกืคึผืขืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ื™ืžืขื ืกื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืŸ 
ื‘ืึทืฐื•ึผืกื˜ื–ืฒึทืŸ: ื“ื™ ืคึผืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืึทืคืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทื“ื™ื ื’ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ืจืงืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ืขืจ 
ืฉืึทืคื˜. ื•ื™ ื™.ืง. ืึทืœืฒื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜, ืื™ื– ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ืžืœื—ืžื” ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื ื•ื”ื’ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฆื• ืคืึทืจืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ ืึท 
ื“ืึทื˜ืข ื‘ืฒึทื™ื ืึธื ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ ืึท ืœื™ื“ ืฐืฒึทืœ ืœื•ื˜ ืื™ื ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคึผืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืจืขืึทื’ื™ืจืŸ 
ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜ืขืจ ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉ ืฆื™ ืึท ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืขื ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ืจืงืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜. ืกื•ืฃ ื“ืจื™ื™ืกื™ืงืขืจ ื™ืึธืจืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’ 
ื’ืขื‘ื™ื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืึทืฉืœืึธืกืŸ ืคึผืจื™ื ืฆื™ืคึผื™ืขืœ ืึทื– ืขืจ ื“ืึทืจืฃ ืึธื ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืขืก. ื“ืึธืก ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืขื“ื•ืช ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืึท ืฐืึทืงืกื ื“ื™ืงืŸ 
ื’ืขืคื™ืœ ื‘ื™ึทื™ื ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ, ืึท ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืงื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜, ืึทื– ืขืจ ืฐื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืœืึทื ื’ ืžืขืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืึธืคึผื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท 
ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืจื™ืฉืŸ ืจืขืึทื’ื™ืจืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื–ืึธืœ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืขื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืฆื•ื ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืŸ ืงืึธื ื˜ืขืงืกื˜. ืึท ืคืึทืงื˜ ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ื˜ ืขืก, ืึทื– ืื™ืŸ 
ืฐืึทืจืฉืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื™.ืง. ื–ื™ืš ืžืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืึทื ื•ื’ื ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฉืึทืคืŸ, ื ืึธืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืง 
ื›ึผืžืขื˜ ืฐื•ึผ ืึท ื“ืึทื˜ืข ืื™ื– ืึธื ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืœืขืš ืึธื ื’ืขื•ื™ื–ืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ืึธื’, ื“ืขื ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื™ืึธืจ. 

ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืจื•ื 45 ื•ื•ืขืจืง, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกืŸ ืึทื– ื™.ืง. ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข, ืื™ื– ื‘ืขืจืš ืึท ืคืขืจื˜ืœ ืฆื• ืื•ื ื“ื– 
ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ืขืจื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ. ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืคึผืึธืจ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืจืฒึทืกื™ืง ื•ื•ืขืจืง ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืฆื• ืื•ื ื“ื– ื™ืึธ ื“ืขืจื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ -- ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืขืก 
ืคืึทืจืฆื™ื™ื›ื ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืขืœืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™, ืžืขืจืกื˜ื ืก -- ืคื•ืœืข ื“ืึทื˜ืขืก. ืื•ื‘ ืžื™ืจ ืจืขื›ืขื ืขืŸ ืฆื• ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ ื–ื™ื‘ืŸ ืฉืึทืคื•ื ื’ืขืŸ 
ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืขืจื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืคึผืจืขืกืข ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ื“ืึทื˜ืขืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจ ืžืžื™ืœื 
ื’ืึทื ืฅ ื’ืขื ื•ื™ ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜ ืฐื•ืขืจืŸ - ืื™ื– ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืคืขืกื˜ ืฆื• ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ, ืึทื– ืคืึทืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืคื•ืคืฆื™ืง ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื™.ืง'ืก 
ืฉืจื™ืคื˜ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขื ื•ื’ื ื“ื™ืงืข ื›ืจืึธื ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืฉืข ืคึผืจื˜ื™ื. ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ ื“ืึธ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืคื•ืœืข ื›ืจืึธื ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืฉืข 
ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืคื•ืŸ ื™-ืง'ืก ืฉืจื™ืคื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข, ืึทืจืฒึทื ื’ืขืจืขื›ื ื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ืฉืึทืคื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจืึทืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ 


23 


ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืขืก ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข ืžืงื•ืจื™ื. ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื ืข ืฉืจื™ืคื˜ืŸ ืฐื•ึผ ื–ื™ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ 
ืึธื ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ, ื–ืฒึทื™ื ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืžืฉืขืจ ืฆื™ ืœื•ื™ื˜ืŸ ืื™ื ื”ืึทืœื˜ ืฆื™ ืœื•ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข ืขื“ื•ืชืฉืึทืคื˜ืŸ. ื‘ืฒึทื ืกื•ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจืฉื™ืžื” 
ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืจืึทื›ื˜ ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจ ื™ืขื ืข ื•ื•ืขืจืง ื•ื•ืขืžืขื ืก ื“ืึทื˜ืขืก ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื‘ืฉื•ื ืื•ืคืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขืงืขื ื˜ ืžืฉืขืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ 
ืกืžืš ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทื’ืœืฒื‘ื˜ืข ืขื“ื•ืช ืฆื™ ืคืึทืงื˜ืŸ 21 


=ื– ื ื /0ื˜ 32 ืช) ืืก ื‘ืจ 0ืก ืกื 


ื™ื– ื™ื– 4 ื 8 = 6 = 6 = ืื™ = 4 = ื’ื™ 2ื โ€ ื’ื - ื ื | ื’ื โ€ ื ื. ืชื”. ื›ื. ื 2ื. ื ื. 2 02ืฉ โ€ ืื˜ 0ืฉ โ€ ื’ืื˜ 
 * 2โ€ (ื ื โ€ 0ื˜ 42 ื”ืก ืื) ื’-. 00 0 60 = ืชื 628 42 ืช) 24 ื’ื™ 00 40 060 = ื’ื โ€ ืฉื˜ โ€ )= 


ืื•ื™ืฃ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืžืึธืœ 

ืคืึธืœืงืกืžืึธื˜ื™ื•ื• ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ 1940 

"ืขืœ ื”ืฉื—ื™ื˜ื”" (ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’) 

ืฆื• ื‘ื™ืึทืœื™ืงืก ื”ืฒึทื™ืขืจื™ืงืŸ ื™ืึธืจืฆืฒึทื˜ 

ื™ื–ื›ึผื•ืจ (ื—ืœืง ื) 

ืงืึทืจืžืขืœื™ืฆืงืึท 

ืฆื•ื 105-ื˜ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื•ืจื˜ืกื˜ืึธื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืžื•"ืก 
ืขืคืขื ื•ื ื’ ืฆื• ืึท ืชึผื "ืš-ืึธื•ื•ื ื˜ 

2 ืึท ื’ืขื’ืจืึทืžื˜ืขืจ ืกื™ื•ื ืฆื• ืึท ืชึผื "ืš-ืึธืฐื•ื ื˜ = 


. ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืชึผื "ืš ืื•ื™ืฃ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ 
. ื™ืขืงื‘ ืื•ืŸ ืขืฉื‚ื• 

. ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืœื™ื›ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ 

. ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึทืก 

. ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืฒึทื•ื•ืœ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜ 

. ืขืœ ื ื”ืจื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืœ 

. ืึทืจื•ื ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื 

. ืฉืœื—-ืžื ื•ืช 

. ืฉื™ืจ ืœืคื•ืจื™ื (ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉ) 

ื”ืึทื ื“ืœ 

. ื“ื™ ื›ืจืึธื ื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืขืจืฉืขืœืขืก ื˜ื•ื˜ 
. "ื™ืึท ืžืึทื ืœื™ื“ืœืขืš" 

. ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืœ 

. ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื’ืขืจ 


, ืื™ื•ื‘ 
. 2 ื•ื•ื™ื“ืžื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืจืึทืžืข "ืื™ื•ื‘", ืคืึทืจ ืคืจืฒื™ื ื“ = 
ื™ื–ื›ึผื•ืจ (ื—ืœืง ื‘ ) 

. ืžื™ืš ืฆื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึทืก 

.2 ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื›ืจืึธื ื™ืง + 

. ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืขืœื˜ 

. ืฉืคื•ืš ื—ืžืชืš 

ืœ ืขืคืขื ื•ื ื’ ืฆื• ืึท ืœืขืจืขืจ-ืžืกื™ื‘ื” = 

, ื•ื•ื™ื™ ื“ื™ืจ 

ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืฉืœืžื” ื–ืฉืขืœื™ื›ืึธื•ื•ืกืงื™ 

, ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ื“ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืœืึทื›ื˜ 


24 


ื•ื ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ื”ืขืœืคื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 1940} 
ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜-- ืชืžื•ื– ืช"ืฉ 
ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ -- ืชืžื•ื– ืช"ืฉ 
ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜-- ืชืžื•ื– ืช"ืฉ 

ื•ืืœื•ืœ ืช"ืฉืŸ 

ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜-- ืชืฉืจื™ ื—ืฉ"ื 
ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜-- ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉ"ื 
6 ื ืึธื•ื•ืขืžื‘ืขืจ 1940 
261 ื ืึธื•ื•ืขืžื‘ืขืจ 1940} 
{(ืชืฉ"ื-1940/41ืŸ 
(ืชืฉ"ื-1940/41ืŸ 
(ืชืฉ"ื-1940/41} 
(ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ ืชืฉ"ืืŸ 
ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜-- ื˜ื‘ืช/ืฉื‘ื˜ ืชืฉ"ื 
ื ืฉื‘ื˜/ืื“ืจ ืชืฉ"ื) 
ื•ื ืฉื‘ื˜/ืื“ืจ ืชืฉ"ืืŸ 
ื•ืื“ืจ ืชืฉ"ืืŸ 

|ืื“ืจ ืชืฉ"ืืŸ 

ื•ืฆืจืฉื˜ืข ื”ืขืœืคื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 1941} 


1 ืžืื™ 1941, ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ืื™ื™ืจ-ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉ"ื 


ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ืื™ื™ืจ-ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉ"ื 

1 ืžืึตื™ืŸ194 

9 ืžืึทื™ 1941 

1 ื™ื•ื ื™ืŸ 1941 

(ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉ"ืืฅ 

ื ื•ืืœื•ืœ ืชืฉ"ืื– 

ื ืืœื•ืœ ืชืฉ"ื - ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉ"ื‘} 
3 ืคืขื‘ืจื•ืึทืจ 1942 

0 ืคืขื‘ืจื•ืึทืจ 1942 
{(ืคืขื‘ืจื•ืึทืจ-ืžืขืจืฅ 1942 

ื' ืœืคืกื— ืชืฉ"ื‘ 

1 ืžืื™ 19421} 

ื•ื ืึธืš ื“ืขื 9-ื˜ืŸ ื™ื•ื ื™ 1942} 
ึทืกื•ืฃ ื™ื•ื ื™ -- ืึธื ืคืึทื ื’ ื™ื•ืœื™ 1942} 


51 |ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืจืึทื“ื–ื™ื ืขืจ 0 ื™ื•ืœื™ 1942 


6. 42-- 14/8 ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืง 8 ืึธืงื˜ืึธื‘ืจ 1942 
7 ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืจืึทื“ื–ื™ื ืขืจ 2 +- 677.1.1943 
8. ืœืื‘ืืŸ ื•ื™ืฆื—ืง (ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉ) ื•ื™ืึทื ื•ืึทืจ 1943 
9. {ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ืึทื ื•ืึทืจ-ืงืึทืžืคืŸืŸ (ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉ) ื•ื™ืึทื ื•ืึทืจ ืฆื™ ืคืขื‘ืจื•ืึทืจ 1943} 


ืึธืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื“ืึทื˜ืข: 


0. ืžืฉืคึผื—ื”-ืœื™ื“ืขืจ (ืฆื• ื“ืขื ืฆื™ืงืœ ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื”ืขืจืŸ ืื•ื™ืš: "ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื’ืขืจ" ืื•ืŸ "ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ 
ืงืขืœื˜") 

1 ืึท ื‘ืึทืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคืึทืจืŸ ื˜ืขืึทื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธืœืึธื’ ืื™ืŸ ื™.ืœ. ืคึผืจืฆืขืก "ื“ืจืฒื™ ืžืชึผื ื•ืช" 

2. ื”ื•ื™ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืฉืžืžื•ืŸ (ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉ) 

3 ืงืึท ืœื™ื“ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื˜ื•ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืจื•ื™ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื–ื™ืŸ = (ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉ) 

4. ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึทืจืึทื“ ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ื–ืขืœื™ื˜ืฉ 

5. ืžืึธืžืขื ื˜ืŸ 


ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื›ืจืึธื ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืฉืขืจ ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืงืขืŸ ืžืขืŸ ืึทืจืฑืกืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ืืฒื ื™ืงืข ืึทืœื’ืขืžืฒื ืข ืคืึทืงื˜ืŸ ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืง 
ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ืฉืจื™ืคื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข: (1) ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึทืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืจื™ืฉืข ื–ืฉืึทื ืขืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืึทืคืŸ; 
(2) ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืจืขืœืึทื˜ื™ื•ื• ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆืขืจื™ืฉืข ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜: (3) ื“ื™ ืคื™ืœ-ืžื™ื ื™ืงืข ื˜ืขืžืึทื˜ื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืฐืขืจืง; 
(4) ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืึธืจื˜ ืฐืึธืก ื™ื™ืง'ืก ืฉืึทืคื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜-ืžืœื—ืžื” ืคืึทืจื ืขืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืจื™ืฉืขืจ ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜, ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื˜ืจืึทื“ื™ืฆื™ืึธื ืขืœืข ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืขืžืึทื˜ื™ืง; (5) ื“ื™ 
ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข ืชึผืงื•ืคื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืึทืคืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื˜ืึทื“ื™ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืจื™ืฉืขืจ ืึทื ื˜ืฐื™ืงืœื•ื ื’. 


ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืจื™ืฉืข ื–ืฉืึทื ืขืจืŸ- ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ 
ื“ืจืึทืžืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืคึผืึทืกื˜ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื™ื•ื’ื ื˜ืœืขื›ืข, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืคึผืึธืจื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ 
ืคืึทืจืŸ ืคึผื•ื‘ืœื™ืงื•ื. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืคึผืึธืขืžืขืก, ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืึทื ื•ืฆื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึธืจื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืจืึทืžืึทื˜ื™ืฉืŸ ืžืึธื ืึธืœืึธื’ ืื•ืŸ 
ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’-ื˜ืขื’ืœืขื›ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ืจืงืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜, ื•ื™ ืื•ื™ืš ืฆืึธืจืŸ-ืœื™ื“ืขืจ, ื”ื™ืžื ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื›ืจืึธื ื™ืงืึทืœื™ืฉืข 
ืจืฉื™ืžื•ืช, ืœื™ืจื™ืฉืข ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืฉืข ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ึดืฉ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ, ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืจืขืคืขืจืึทื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜ ืคึผืจืงื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ืชึผื "ืš ืื•ื™ืฃ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ, ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš 
ืื•ื™ืš ืคืึทืจื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืึทืœืฒืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืคึฟืึธืจืœืฒืขื ืขืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืฉืึทืคื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจ ืคืจืฒื™ื ื“ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจ ืึท ื’ืจืขืกืขืจืŸ ืคึผื•ื‘ืœื™ืงื•ื. ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ 
ืคื™ืœื–ืฒื™ื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืขื“ื•ืช ืึทื– ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื•ื•ืขื ื“ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืจื™ืฉืข ื–ืฉืึทื ืขืจืŸ ืื™ื– ืคึฟืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ, ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ืึธืจ 
ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื•ื›ืŸ ืคึผืึทืกื™ืงืข ืืฑืกื“ืจื•ืง-ืคืึธืจืžืขืŸ, ื ืึธืจ ืื•ื™ืš-- ืื•ืŸ ืืคืฉืจ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ -- ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืœืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื•ื•ืขืจืง 
ืฆื• ืึท ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืŸ-ืžื™ื ื™ืงืŸ ืคึผื•ื‘ืœื™ืงื•ื, ืคื•ืŸ ืงืœื™ื™ื ืข ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื– ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ-ืืฒื™ื ื•ื•ื•ื™ื ืขืจ. ื“ื™ 
ืึทืจืฒึทื ื’ืขื˜ืึธื ืงืฒื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืจื™ืฉืขืจ ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืคื ื˜ืœืขื›ืขืจ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ- 
ืึทืงื˜ื™ืฐื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืฆืฐื™ืฉืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืขืจื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืึทืกืคึผืขืงื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืจื™ืฉืŸ ืฉืึทืคืŸ, 
ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืืคืฉืจ ื“ื™ ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจื•ื ื’ ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืฉืึทื ืขืจื™ืฉืขืจ ืคื™ืœื–ืฒื™ื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืึทืคึฟืŸ. ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืœืฒึทื›ื˜ ืงืœืึธืจ 
ืคืขืกื˜ ืฆื• ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืึทื– ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืข ื–ืฉืึทื ืขืจืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื™ื™ืง. ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืขืœ ืคืึทืจื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ืฉืจื™ืคื˜ืŸ, 
ืฐื™ ืื•ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืจื™ื™ ืึทืงื˜ื™ืฐืฑื˜ืขื˜ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื–ืฉืึทื ืขืจืŸ ืคืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ: ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ 


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ื“ืจืึทืžืขืก (ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ื™ืฉืข ืฉืจื™ืคื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ืžืœื—ืžื”), ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืึธืขืžืขืก. ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืฉืจื™ืคื˜ืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืขื ืขืจื’ื™ืฉ 
ื‘ืึทืฉืขืคื˜ื™ืงื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืึทืคื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื ืคึผื•ื‘ืœื™ืงื•ื, ืกืฒึท ื•ื™ ื“ืขืจ ืจืคึฟื–ืฉื™ืกืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ืกืฒึท ืฐื™ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึธืจืœืขื–ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืจืึทืžืขืก. ืžืข ืงืขืŸ ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืึทื– ื™.ืง. ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ 
ืฐืึทืจืฉืข ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ืึธืจ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ, ื ืึธืจ ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืœืขื‘ื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืฉืึทืคึผื•ื ื’ืขืŸ -- ืึธื ื˜ืฒืœื ืขืžืขื ื“ื™ืง ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ืคึผื•ื‘ืœื™ืงื•ื ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืช ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืื•ื™ืคืคื™ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื•ื•ืขืจืง -- ื•ื™ ืึทืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ืขื’ืจืึทืœืขืจ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ืฉืึทืคื•ื ื’ ืึทืœื™ื™ืŸ. ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืขื“ื•ืช, ืœืžืฉืœ, ื—ื•ื•ื” ืจืึทื‘ืึทืŸ (ืคืึธืœืžืึทืŸ), ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืคึผืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœืขืจื™ื ืก ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ: "ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืœืขืจืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ืœืข... ืžื™ืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ 
ื’ื™ืžื ืึทื–ื™ืข-ืชึผืœืžื™ื“ื™ื (ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืขืจื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ื’ื™ืžื ืึทื–ื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ "ื“ืจื•ืจ") ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื‘ืึทืฐืขื’ื•ื ื’. ื“ืึธืก ืึทืœืฅ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ... ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ืขืจืฆื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ึดืฉืขืจ ืฉืคึผืจืึทืš, 
ืึธื‘ืขืจ {ืžืฒึทืŸ) ืœื™ื‘ืข ืื•ืŸ ื˜ื™ืคืข ื‘ืึทืฆื™ึธื•ื ื’ ืฆื•ื ืชึผื "ืš, ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืขืŸ. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜ ื•ื™ ืึทื–ืฑ 
ืฆื• ื‘ืึทื’ืฒึทืกื˜ืขืจืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ -- ื•ื™ ื–ืึธืœ ืื™ืš ื–ืึธื’ืŸ - ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืฑืกื’ืขืฉืคึผื™ืœื˜ ื“ืขื ืชึผื "ืš. ื“ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ 
ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืื™ื‘ืขืจืœืขื‘ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ... ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ืชึผืœืžื™ื“ื™ื, ืื™ืŸ ืขืœื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ 15, 16, 17 ื™ืึธืจ... ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืข 
ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื–ื™ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืึทืงื˜ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืจืึทืžืึทื˜ื™ืฉืŸ ืงืจืฒึทื– ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื’ืจื™ื ื“ืขื˜... ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ... ื™ืขืงื‘ 
!= ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ "ื™ืขืงื‘ ืื•ืŸ ืขืฉื‚ื•"ืŸ. ื“ื™ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืœืขื‘ื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ืขืช ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ!!..??. ืื™ืŸ 
ืฐืึทืจืฉืข, ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืœื—ืžื”-ื™ืึธืจืŸ, ืึท ืกืš ืžืขืจ ื•ื™ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืคืจื™ึดืขืจ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“ื ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืง. ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืคึผื•ื‘ืœื™ืงื•ื 
ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ืึทืจืงื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ. ืคืึทืจ ื™.ืง. ืื™ื– ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืึทืคืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข ืึท ืœืขื‘ื ืก-ืคืึธืจื. ืฆื•ื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืžืึธืœ 
ืืคืฉืจ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืึธืจืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืคื™ืœื˜ ืึทื– ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ-ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืจื™ืฉืข ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ื– ืึท ืฐืึธื’ื™ืงืขืจ ื‘ืฒึทืฉื˜ืฒึทืขืจ ืคืึทืจ 
ื“ื™ ืฐืึธืก ืึทืจื•ื ืื™ื ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึท ื–ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืœืขื‘ื ืก-ื‘ืึทื ืขื. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ื™.ืง. ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ื•ื•ืขื–ื ื˜ืœืขื›ืขืจ 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจื‘ื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฆืขืจ ืœืขื‘ื ืก-ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจื•ื ื’ ื‘ื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ืžืœื—ืžื”. ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืขื“ื•ืช ื™.ืงื™ืก 
ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื’ืขืฉืคึผืจืขืš ืžื™ื˜ ื–. ื’ืœืขื“, ืื™ืŸ ืœืขืฆื˜ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ ืคืกื— ืชืจืฆ"ื˜ (1939): "ืึท ื—ืœื•ื ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš 
ื’ืขื”ืึทื˜... ืื•ืŸ ื›'ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื–ื•ื›ื” ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจ ื–ืึธืœ ืžืงื•ื™ื™ื ื•ืขืจืŸ... ื’ืขื—ืœื•ืžื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ืึท ื—ืœื•ื ืื•ืŸ ืึธื˜ ืžืฒึทื ืข 
ื‘ื™ื›ืขืจ ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืฉื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ืคึผืึทืœืึทื˜ืงืข ืื•ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืฃ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืœื™ืœ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ 
ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”, ืื™ืŸ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืขื™ืŸ-ื—ืจื•ื“, ืฐืขืœ ืื™ืš ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืข ื‘ื™ื›ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืฒึทื’ื ื“ื™ืงืขืจ 
ื™ื•ื’ื ื˜... ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื– ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ืฆื• ื“ืขื ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื–ื•ื›ื” ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ. ืึธื˜ ืœื™ื’ืŸ ื–ื™ ืžืฒึทื ืข ืœื™ื“ืขืจ-ื‘ื™ื›ืขืจ, ืฆื• ื”ื•ื™ืคื ืก ืื™ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ 
ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืฆื™ืžืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ืึธ ืฐืขืจ ืขืก ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ ืื•ื™ืกืœื™ื™ื–ืŸ... ื•ื•ื™ืคืœ ืฉืœืึธืคึผืœืึธื–ืข ื ืขื›ื˜, ื•ื•ื™ืคืœ ืฉื˜ื•ืจืขืžืคื•ืœืข ื˜ืขื’, 
ืขื’ื‘ืขืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“. ืึท ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืขืจ ืขื•ืœ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“, ืึท ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืœืึทืกื˜ื ื“ื™ืงืขืจ. ื“ืขืจ ื ื™ื’ื•ืŸ ืงืขืŸ 
ื‘ืึทืจืฑืฉืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื”ืึทืจืฅ, ื‘ืจื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ื˜ื™ืคืขื ื™ืฉืŸ, ืฐืื™ืขืŸ, ื–ื™ืš ืจืฒึทืกืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืึทืจืฑืก. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื ืึธืจ 
ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ื ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ, ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ืขืจื•ื•ืึทืจื˜ืŸ ืื™ื - ื ืึธืจ ื“ืึทืŸ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืขืจ 
ื“ืขืจืœื™ื™ื–ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ {ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขืฉื˜ืจืึธื›ืŸ -- ื™"ืฉืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’, ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ 
ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคืงืœื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืœืึทื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื’ืฒึทืกื˜ ื›ึผื“ื™ ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืึธืœืŸ ื“ืขืจืคึฟื™ืœืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืึธื˜ืŸ - ืื•ืŸ ืึธื˜ ืœื™ื’ืŸ ื–ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืงื•ืคึผืข ื•ื™ 
ืึทืœื˜-ืฆืขืคึผืœื™ืงื˜ืข ื‘ืœืขื˜ืขืจ... ื•ึทื™.ืง. ืจืขื“ื˜ ื“ืึธ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืจืฒึท ื‘ืขื ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืืฑืกื’ืึทื‘ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ึดืฉืข 
ืœื™ื“ืขืจ-- ื–ืข: ืฉื™ืจื™ื, ืชืจืฆ"ื—} ื“ื• ืคึฟืึทืจืฉื˜ืฒืกื˜? ืขืก ื“ืึทื›ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ืจ ืฆื• ืžืึธืœ, ืึธื˜ ื–ืข ืื™ืš ื“ืขื ืœื™ื“ืขืจ-ืฐืึธื’ืŸ 
ื“ื•ืจื›ืจืฒื™ื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืึทืจืฉื•ื™ื ื“ืŸ ืคึผืึทืจ ืžืฒึทื ืข ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ืึทืœืฒื™ืŸ ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ื•ืžื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฆืขืฐืฒื™ื˜ืึธื’ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ 
ืฆื™ืžืขืจ, ืžื™ื˜ ืžืฒึทื ืข ืคึฟืึทืจืฉืขืžื˜ืข ื‘ื™ื›ืขืจ ืœื™ื“ืขืจ. ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึทืŸ, ื•ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึทืœืฒืŸ, ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื•ืŸ ืฆืขืฉืคึผื™ืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ 
ืื™ื {ืื™ืŸ ืฆื™ืžืขืจืŸ ืึท ืื•ืžืขื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืคึผืกื•ืง ืฐืึธืก ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืึท ืžืึธืœ ืคืึทืจืคืึทืกื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธื’ื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธื’ื˜: "ืžื›ืœ ื—ืžื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื™ื• 
ืœื™-- / ืจืง ืœื‘ื™, ืœื‘ื™ ื ืฉืืจ ืœื™ื™ื™ {"ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืข ืฉื™ื™ื ืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืคืึทืจืžืึธื’ื˜.- / ื ืึธืจ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฅ, ืžืฒึทืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฅ 
ื ืึธืจ ืื™ื– ืžื™ืจ ืคืึทืจื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ"}. ื“ืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืžืึธืžืขื ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึธื ืžืึทื›ื˜. ืื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ื– ื ืึทื›ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ืžื™ืš ืจื™ื™ื“ืขื•ื•ื“ื™ืง 


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ื’ืขืžืึทื›ื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ืงื•ืœ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื“ืึธืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ืึธืก ื”ืึทืจืฅ ื“ืขื ืžื•ื™ืœ ืึทื ื˜ืคึผืœืขืงื˜ 
ื ื™ื˜ {ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขืฉื˜ืจืึธื›ืŸ - ื™"ืฉ} ื–ืึธืœืกื˜ื• ืžื™ืš ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื‘ืึทื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืŸ ืคืึทืจ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจื™ืงื’ืขืฆื•ื™ื’ืขื ืขื ืื•ืŸ 
ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื˜ืขืจื˜ืŸ. ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืฐื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืžืฒึทืŸ ืคืจืฒึทื ื“. ืื•ื‘ ืึทื–ืฑ ื•ื•ืขืกื˜ื• ืžื™ืš ืึธืคึผืฉืึทืฆืŸ - ื”ืึธืกื˜ื• ืžื™ืš ื ื™ืฉื˜ 
ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ืึทื ืขืŸ. ืึท ื–ื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืึธืœืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืžืฒื™ืŸ ืคืึธืœืง ื–ื™ืฅ ืื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืึท ื–ื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ 
ืคืึธืœืง ื‘ืฒึทื™ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขืคึผืึทืœืŸ; ืึทื– ืก'ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืฉืœืขื›ื˜, ืื™ื– ืืฒึทืœ ืื™ืš ื–ื™ืš ืึทืจืฑืกืฆื•ื’ืฒืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ืื™ืŸ 
ื’ืึทืก ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ, ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืกืžื™ืฉืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืžืฒึทื ืข ื‘ืจื™ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืฆืขื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ื•ื™ ืึท ืฉื˜ืจื•ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ ื‘ืฒึท ื“ื™ 
ืึทืจืฒึทื ื’ืขื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ืงืจืึธืžืขืŸ -- ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ืฉืฒึทื ื˜, ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขื ื–ืขืœื‘ืŸ ืžืึธืžืขื ื˜, ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ืคืึทืจื“ืึทืจื˜ืข 
ืคึผื ื™ืžืขืจ, ื“ื™ ืคึผืึทืจืžืขื˜ืขื ืข... ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืึธืžืขืจ ืก'ืื™ื– ืึทืœืฅ ื ืึธืš ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืื•ื™ืกืฆื•ื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื›'ืคื™ืœ ืึทื– ืก'ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืžืขืจ 
ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื•ื•ืขื’ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคืึทืจืึทืŸ - ืงืขืจ ืื™ืš ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื“ ืื•ื ืฆื• ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืึทืก ืื•ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขื ืึธ ื”ื•ื™ื–, ื“ืึธืก ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ-ื”ื•ื™ื– 
(= ื“ืขืจ ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ-ื”ื›ืฉืจื” ืคื•ืŸ "ื“ืจื•ืจ" ืื•ืŸ "ื”ื—ืœื•ืฅ" ืื™ืŸ ืœืึธื“ื–ืฉ} ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ื•ื•ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืฐืึทืจืขืžื˜, ืึท ืงื•ืจืฆืข ืฐืฒึทืœืข 
ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื›ื˜ืฉืฒึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื—ืœื•ืฆื™ื ืžืฒึทื ืข ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ืึธื˜ืขื ืืฒึทืŸ ืคื•ืœืข ืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ-ืœื•ืคื˜ -- ืื•ืŸ ืก'ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ 
ืžื™ืจ ื’ืจื™ื ื’ืขืจ. ื“ืึทืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก ืื™ืš ืึทื– ืก'ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื ืึธืš ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ืกืœื™ื™ื–ื•ื ื’, ืกืฒึท ืคืึทืจ ืžื™ืจ ืกืฒึทื™ ืคืึทืจ ืžืฒึทื ืข ืœื™ื“ืขืจ. ืึทื– ื‘ืช- 
ื”ืฉื™ืจ ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคืึทืจื‘ืฒึท, ืื™ืŸ ืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธืŸ ื–ื™ื ื’ืขืŸ" 2 

ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื‘ื•ื ื“, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืึธืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืขืŸ ืึทื–ืฑ ื˜ืฒึทืขืจ, ืื™ื– ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืงื˜ืึธืจืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฐื™ืจืงื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฆืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืจื™ืฉืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ-ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื ืข 
ื‘ืึทื“ื™ื ื’ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืึธืจื˜. 


ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข ืชึผืงื•ืคื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ึทื™ืŸ ืฉืึทืคืŸ - ืึท ื‘ืึทืฐืฒึทื– ืคืึทืจืŸ ืืฑื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจืข 
ืฆืฒื˜ืึธืคึผืฉื ื™ื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจืึทืก ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืขืก ื‘ืฒึทื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจ ื›ืึทืจืึทืงื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื™ื ื˜ืขื ืกื™ื•ื•ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื™-ืง'ืก ืฉืึทืคืŸ, 
ื•ื™ ืขืก ืœืึธื–ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื›ืจืึธื ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืฉืขืจ ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืฉืจื™ืคื˜ืŸ: ื‘ื™ื– ืขื ื“ืข 1941 ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจืึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ 
ื–ื™ ืึท ื‘ื•ืœื˜ืข ื˜ืขื ื“ืขื ืฅ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื• ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทืœื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื“ืขื ืœืขื‘ื ืก-ื’ืขืคื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืึทืจื•ื ืื™ืŸ 
ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ. ื“ืึธืก ื“ืจื™ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืก ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืงื˜ ืฐืึธืก ื“ื™ ืžืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื‘ืขืœืขื˜ืจื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืข ืึธืจื™ื’ื™ื ืขืœืข 
ืฉืึทืคื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜, ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืฐืึธืก ื‘ืึทืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ ืกื™ื˜ื•ืึทืฆื™ืขืก, ืฉื˜ื™ืžื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืœื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’- 
ื˜ืขื’ืœืขื›ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ. ืื•ื™ืš ืึทืœืข ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืจื™ืฉืข ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ืŸ ืฆื•ื ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ 
ืฆื™ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื -- ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ, ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืคืึธืจื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืฆื™ ืคืึธืจื’ืขืœืฒื™ืขื ื˜, ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืื™ืŸ 
ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜. 

ืคื•ืŸ ืึธื ื”ืฒื‘ 1942 ืงื•ืžื˜ ืคืึธืจ ืึทืŸ ืื™ื™ื ื“ืฒึทื™ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื‘ืฒึทื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื›ืึทืจืึทืงื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื ื˜ืขื ืกื™ื•ื•ืงื™ื™ื˜ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืึทืคืŸ. ื‘ืžืฉืš ืคื•ืŸ ืœืขืฆื˜ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ, ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื˜ ื™.ืง. ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืึธืจื™ื’ื™ื ืขืœืกื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ 
ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืกื˜ืข ื•ื•ืขืจืง ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข -- ื“ืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืฆืึธืจืŸ- ืื•ืŸ ืœื•ื™ื‘-ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ืคึผืึธืขืžืขืก. ืžืขืจ 
ืฐื™ ืฐืึธืก ืขืก ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจ ืึท ื‘ืึทืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื•ื•ื™ืจืงืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜, ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจืง, ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืฒื™ื˜ -- ืึท ืคึผืจื•ึผื•ื• 
ืื•ื™ืกืฆื•ื“ืจื™ืงืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉื‚ื ืื” ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜.- ืึทืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื“ืจื•ืง ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ 
ื“ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื‘ื•ื ื’, ืœื•ื˜ ื•ื™ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื“ืขืจื–ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืคืึธืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื•ื•ื™ืจืงืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฐื•ึผ ืขืก ื”ืขืจืฉื˜ ืžืึทืกืŸ-ืืฑืกืจืึธื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืœืขืฆื˜ืŸ ืคึผืขืจื™ืึธื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื™.ืง'ืก ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข, ืื™ื– ืงืึธื ื˜ื™ืง ืึท ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจื™ืฉืข ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืขืจื™ืฉืข 
ืื™ื ื˜ืขื ืกื™ืคื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืข ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒื™ืŸ ืฉืึทืคืŸ. 

ืื™ืŸ ืฆืฒึทื˜ืึธืคึผืฉื ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื›ึผืžืขื˜ ืึท ื™ืึธืจ, ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืขื‘ืจื•ืึทืจ 1942 ืื•ืŸ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ื™ืึทื ื•ืึทืจ 1943 ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื’ืขืฉืึทืคืŸ ื“ื™ 
ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืกื˜ืข ืคึผืึธืขื˜ื™ืฉืข ืฉืึทืคื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข, ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ืชึผืงื•ืคื”. ื“ืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจ, 
ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืœืข ื’ืขื˜ืึธ-ืืฒึทื ืฐืฑื ืขืจ, ืœืขื‘ื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืึทืœืฅ ืฐืึทืงืกื ื“ื™ืงืข ื–ื™ื›ืขืจืงื™ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืžืึธืจื“ื˜ืฑื˜ ืฐืึธืก 
ื“ืขืจืฐืึทืจื˜ ืžื™ืœื™ืึธื ืขืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืžื–ืจื—-ืืฒื™ืจืึธืคึผืข, ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืกืžืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจืข ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขืžืึทื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ 


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ืžืึทืกืŸ-ืคืึทืจื ื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœืข ืึธืงื•ืคึผื™ืจื˜ืข ื ืึทืฆื™ืฉืข ื’ืขื‘ื™ื˜ืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืชึผืงื•ืคื” ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ 
ืฉื˜ืฒื™ื’ื˜ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื™-ืง'ืก ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืจื™ืฉืข ืฉืึทืคืขืจื™ืฉืงืฒื˜. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืื™ื– ื™.ืง. ืžืขืจ ืžืงืคึผื™ื“ ื‘ืฒึทื™ื ืึธื ื’ืขื‘ืŸ 
ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื’ืขืฉืึทืคืขื ืข ื•ื•ืขืจืง, ืžืขืจ ื•ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืคืจื™ืขืจื“ื™ืงืข ืฆืฒึทื™ื˜ืŸ -- ื•ื™ ืขืก ืœืึธื–ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคืึทืจื’ืœืฒื™ื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ืขืจ ื›ืจืึธื ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืฉืขืจ ืจืฉื™ืžื”. 

ื“ืึธ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื˜ืึทืงืข ืคืึทืจ ืึท ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจืขืจ ื“ืขืจืฉืฒึทื ื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืจื™ืฉืขืจ 
ืฉืึทืคึผืขืจื™ืฉืงื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืŸ ื ืึทืฆื™ื™ืจืขื–ืฉื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืžื–ืจื—-ืืฒื™ืจืึธืคึผืข ื‘ื›ืœืœ, ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืขืŸ ื‘ืคืจื˜. ื“ื™ 
ื“ืขืจืฉืฒื™ื ื•ื ื’ ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ืฒื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ืึทืจืงื˜ืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืจื™ืฉืขืจ ืจืขืึทื’ื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืฐืึธืก ืžืขืจ ื“ืขืจ 
ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืึทืœืฅ ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ืขืจืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืขืจื–ืขื ืœืขื›ืขืจืขืจ ืงืึธื ืคืจืึธื ื˜ืึทืฆื™ืข ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜. ื•ื™ ืึท 
ื‘ืึทืฐืฒึทื– ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืฉืฒื™ื ื•ื ื’ ื ืึธืš ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข ื‘ืฒึท ื™.ืง., ืงืขืŸ ื“ื™ื ืขืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืœืขืฆื˜ืขืจ 
ืฉืึทืคึผื•ื ื’ืก-ืคึผืขืจื™ืึธื“ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืขืœ. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืœืึทื’ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื™.ืง. ื’ืขืœืขื‘ื˜, ืึท ืคืึทืจืื•ืจื˜ื™ื™ืœื˜ืขืจ ืฆื•ื ื˜ื•ื™ื˜, ื‘ืžืฉืš ืคื•ืŸ ืึท 
ื™ืึธืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืžืึทื™ 1943 ืื•ืŸ ืึทืคึผืจื™ืœ 1944. ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขืฉืึทืคืŸ ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืข ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืกื˜ืข ื•ื•ืขืจืง, 
ื“ื™ ื’ืจืขืกื˜ืข ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจื ืขื ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืึทืจืงืกื˜ืข ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื“ืจื•ืง: ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ ืฐื™ 6 ืฐืึทืจื™ืึทื ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ื‘ืึทืงืึทื ื˜ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืคึผืึธืขืžืข "ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ืคื•ื ืขื ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื”ืจื’ืขื˜ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืึธืœืง" ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื“ืขืจืฉื™ื˜ืขืจื ื“ื™ืงืŸ 
"ืคึผื ืงืก ื•ื™ื˜ืœ" ืื™ืŸ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ึดืฉ -- ืึท ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืจื™ืฉืขืจ ื“ืึธืงื•ืžืขื ื˜, ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืกื˜ืข ื•ื•ืขืจืง ื–ืฒึทื ืข, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื›ื ื˜ 
ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืก ืžื™ื˜ ืึทื–ืึท ื˜ื™ืคืŸ ืึทื ืึทืœื™ื– ืื•ืŸ ืขืงืกืคึผืจืขืกื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื›ึผื•ื— ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืึท ื–ืฆืœื˜ื ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข 
ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจืŸ ื‘ืขืชืŸ ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื ืึธืš ืื™ื. ืึทื–ืึท ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืึธืคึผืฉืึทืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืื”ืจืŸ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ืœื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื™-ืง'ืก ืฉืึทืคืŸ, 
ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ืฐื•ืฒึทื–ื˜ ืึธืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ "ืคึผื ืงืก ื•ื™ื˜ืœ" ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจืŸ ื˜ืจืึธืคึผ, ืื•ืŸ ื–ืึธื’ื˜: "...ืจื™ื™ืŸ ืขืงื–ื™ืกื˜ืขื ืฆื™ืึทืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉ ืื™ื– 
ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ื“ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ-ืฆืฒึทื™ื˜ ื‘ืฒึท ืื™ื ื’ืจืขืกืขืจ. ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืข ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ืคืจื™ึดืขืจ. ื“ืึธืก ื–ืขื˜ ืžืขืŸ 
ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจืก ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื•ื™ื˜ืขืœ-ืคึผื ืงืก, ืฐืึธืก ืคืึทืจื“ื™ื ื˜ ืึท ื’ืึธืจ ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจืข ืื•ื™ืคืžืขืจืงื–ืึทืžืงืฒื˜... ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก 
ื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืคืึธืœืง, ืฐืึธืก ื•ืขืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื”ืจื’ืขื˜ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉืงืฒื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื”ืขื›ืขืจืงื™ื™ื˜, ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื“ืึธ 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ืขื ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืกื•ื’ืขืกื˜ื™ื•ื•ืขืจ ืžืึทื›ื˜. ื“ืขืจ ืจื•ืฉื ืื™ื–, ืึทื– ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืœืื•ื•-ื“ื•ื•ืงื 
ืื™ื“ืขืึทืœื™ื–ืึทืฆื™ืข, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงื•ืžื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ืจื—ืžื™ื, ืฐืึธืจืขื ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ืขืจ ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ ืฐืึทืจืคื˜ 
ืฆืึธืจื ื“ื™ืง ืึทืจืฑืก ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ื›ึผืœืœ ื“ืขื ืขืจื‘-ืจื‘, ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ื’ืขื˜ืึธ-ืคึผืึธืœื™ืฆื™ืึทื ื˜ืŸ... ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืœืข ืขื ืœืขื›ืข ืฆึทื• ื–ื™ื™" 
ื•ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขืฉื˜ืจืึธื›ืŸ -- ื™"ืฉืŸ.+2 

ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึทื ื“ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืงื–ื™ืกื˜ืขื ืฆื™ืึทืœืขืจ ืคื™ืœืึธื–ืึธืคื™ืข ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืกื™ื›ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืข, ืงืขืŸ ืึทื ื˜ืฐื™ืงืœื˜ ืฐืขืจืŸ ืึทืŸ 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจืฆืฒื™ื’ื ื“ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืกืึทื ื˜ืขืจ ื”ืกื‘ืจ ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ -- ืงืึธื ืคึผืจืึธื ื˜ืึทืฆื™ืข ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื˜ื•ื˜ ืื•ืŸ 
ื’ืฒื™ืกื˜ื™ืงืข ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจื™ืฉืข ื“ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื‘ื•ื ื’, ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื™.ืง'ืก ืฉืึทืคืŸ ื‘ื›ืœืœ, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข 
ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธื“ืฉืจื™ืคื˜ืŸ ื‘ืคืจื˜.*? ื“ืขืจ ืึทืกืคึผืขืงื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืœืขื›ืขืจ ืฉืึทืคึผืขืจื™ืฉืงื™ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื‘ืึทื”ืึทื ื“ืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ 
ืึทืŸ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ "ืฐื™ื˜ืึทืœื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜". ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืžื—ื‘ืจ ืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ ืงืขืกื˜ืขื ื‘ืึทื•ื, ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืื™ื™ืŸ 
ืžืึธืœ, ื“ื™ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ -- ื•ื™ ืึท ืžืงื•ืจ ืคึผืึทืจืŸ ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฒึทื ืึธืคึผืฉืึทืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ืฐืึธื’ 
ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉื ืก ื’ืฒึทืกื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืื™ื ืขืจืœืขื›ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ ื–ืขื˜ ืงืขืกื˜ืขื ื‘ืึทื•ื ืึทืจืฑืก 
ืื™ื™ื ืขื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืฒึทื›ืกื˜ืข ืื•ื™ืกื“ืจื•ืงืŸ ืคืึทืจ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธื ืคึผืจืึธื ื˜ืึทืฆื™ืข ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉื ืก ื‘ืึทืฐื•ึผืกื˜ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขื 
ืคึฟืึทืงื˜ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืื•ืžืคืึทืจืžืฒึทื“ืœืขื›ืŸ ื˜ืฑื™ื˜. ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ื•ืš, ืฆื™ื˜ื™ืจื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืžื—ื‘ืจ ืื•ืžืฆื™ื™ืœื™ืงืข ืžืึธืœ, ืฆื™ื˜ืึทื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ 
ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืจื™ืฉืข ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื“ื™ื ืขืŸ ืื™ื ื•ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ ืจืึทื ื’ื™ืงืข ืžืงื•ืจื™ื ืคึผืึทืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืคึฟืึธืจืฉื•ื ื’ืขืŸ. ืคึผืึทืจ ืึท ื‘ืฒึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืึทื ื’ ืฆื• ืงื•ื ืกื˜ ื‘ื›ืœืœ, ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืคึฟืึทืจืฉื˜ืฒื˜ ื–ื™ืš -- ืฆื• ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ ื‘ืคืจื˜ ื•ื™ ืึท ื‘ืึทืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉื ืก 
ืจืขืึทืงืฆื™ืข ืื™ืŸ ืึธื ื‘ืœื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜-ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ, ืฆื™ ื ื™ืฉื˜-ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฉืึทืคืขืจื™ืฉืŸ ื›ื•ื— ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึธืื•ืฉ ืื•ืŸ 
ื‘ืึทื“ืจืขื ื’ืขื ื™ืฉ ืคึผื ื™ื-ืืœ-ืคึผื ื™ื ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื˜ื•ื˜ ื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื“ืึธ ืึท ืฆื™ื˜ืึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ื•ืš: 


28 


1091041ืกืžืกืžืชืกืžืกืžืง 4 15 680 ืกืช} 01 1510006ืืกืžืกื 4106 01 ืืžื•ื! 0800 1 021) 1401 ืกื—'ื“"" 
ืžื–ื˜ื–644 11160004016 ืžื’ 18 6241510006 /146008824 .1104 962122410 2 804 ,ืฆ10811 
ืžืกืข81 111021ื ืช6 ืž8 01 ,20002812006 01 16ื˜51/104 10111030:0 106 01 2211 18 14 :110006ืกื˜ืืก 
ืช300012000ื˜40 186 }0 214408ืง 186 .2:00344066 06 }5ื˜ืžื– ืžื”ืž 01 44001105 211 ืžืกื•ืžืฉื™ ืžืก 
6 410 8ื ืช800 041916006 ืฅื–8000592 01 8ืช1011012110 001161244106 106 800 41080695ืกืช 04 
41 ,/28216 101000216 .ืฅ204166 01 0480000006ืก 486 ืชืŸ 60802080128160 /001ื˜1010ืง 
1 ืž160080111004 2 1116 3206 1006 21 15 006/91200102ื˜ 120500005) 024) 0686 ,0052 
0121 2 1006 82006 106 21 18 /0095021 /10421 .2294 01 ืคืฉืฉื’ืŸ 186 ืžื– ืž15ืชืกืง }ืกืž 0065 ืžื•ืกื˜ / 
01 220 186 18 14 1204 ืžื• :06110006ืืก 24 18 }1 :200855ืž0101 80801016 :0011 1686006ื–ื˜ 
1 836 204010200859 04 06ืž60ืก80ืก 86} 01 0162 ืคื˜!ืง 86 186 18 14 :1168008ืกื˜8ืก /81 
8 (004309 204 0008 2049010050655) .0009010080085 }0 5446 4 81111 15 ื–065081 
8 53ื˜ื} /009021 10441 .4690 1011 ืž1 ืžืกื˜ืก--/20008 080004 /1--ื–20008 ื–ืกืช 6068 
0610824 01 ื 245 1011 ื–0 000061766 00 01ืž02420 86 ื–ืกืงืŸ 00890100906838 1024 1081804 186 ืก} 
0 /108120 0604021ืž00 ื–ืก 1010116043211266 106 40 ืฆื•ืชืก 06 161015 4801 ืคื•ื–ื™ืš 
...0628 10121 8 006 ืชืฉ 040606006 28 2190 18 } ;621061 

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19 1041 ,0ื˜28600 106 10 16208 ืคื˜ื} /404161/ .0005010190658 01 84216 4 861 , 61109ืก} 
8 4860 04 1081128600--0000604021 {ื•ืกื–ื˜ื ืžื’ื} /12100--610726109 406 0:10ืžืžื˜6 
1' 060000698 ืฉื™ืกืช 008110 8 120808116 ,5ืช0000000 40056 1206 .0618 {/ื–0898ืกืกื 
...- ืฅ200085200 04154 1 400/01016 /404211 /005081 

1 5 116 18468 ืข4161ืช8 ,1661 6210410021 106 ืžืก 1021 9497 ืž8ืก ืกื˜ื˜ , ืฆ2ืขื™ 212161ื˜ 8 ืžื– 
4 8021607--00110 400 01 0100060088 406 20001 ืขื–ืกื•ืืชื’/ โ€ .80004 }0 2066006 ืกืช} 
06ืกื˜ื˜ |121ืช015 81ืกื ืช 406 ืžืกื˜ืก 4021 16/0ื˜1ืช1 406 10 16805--ืž01481ืกืžื’ื• 1661109 211 10000/5 
98ื˜ืกื–ืง /468021 314101216 ,ืคื˜ื 1 .ืžื–8--1 4024 2016--680 01000416 106 ืฆื˜ 000811411664 15 
.ืฅ9600111 16101246ื˜ 

ื˜ ,0164004 2101500 ืช1 1105112400 15 2/2008ืง ืคื•ืช} 01 //1081 004000/6 ืกืžื“ 
(30-31 .ืง) . ื–605081 01 660105 406 /0 6ื˜ืก +ืช8ืžืงืžื–ื˜ื•ื–! 208ื–ืกื—ื–ืก {1ื•ืžืกื˜ืกืกื–ื– 


ืึทืŸ ืื•ื™ืกืขืจืœืขื›ืŸ ืงืึธื ืงืจืขื˜ืŸ ืกื™ืžืŸ ืคืึทืจ ื™-ืง'ืก ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ืึทืจืงื˜ืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืจื™ืฉืขืจ ืจืขืึทืงืฆื™ืข, ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืขืจื‘ ื“ืขื 
ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืจืขื‘ืœื™ื ืงืข ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืš ืื™ื, ืงืขืŸ ืœืฒึทื›ื˜ ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื‘ืึทื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ื ื“ื™ืง ื“ื™ ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข 
ืฉืจื™ืคื˜ืŸ. ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืื™ื– ืงืึธื ื˜ื™ืง ืึทืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืฉื˜ืœื™ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆืึธืœ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื™-ืง'ืก ืึธืจื™ื’ื™ื ืขืœืข ื•ื•ืขืจืง ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืœืขืฆื˜ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ ืื™ืŸ 
ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ, ื ืึธืš ื“ืขื ื•ื™ ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืึทื–ืฒึทื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืจืขื›ืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึทืจืฒื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืชึผื "ืš-ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉืข ืคืึทืจ-ืžืœื—ืžื”ื“ื™ืงืข ืฉืจื™ืคื˜ืŸ. ืื•ื™ืš ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืฉื˜ืึทืจืง ืงืึธื ื˜ื™ืง ื“ื™ 
ืฐืึทืงืกื ื“ืข ืฆืึธืœ ืฉืึทืคื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืคืึทืจื ืขืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึทืœืฅ ืžืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื“ื™ืง ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืงืขื’ื ืฐืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืขืจ 


ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืึทื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ืจืงืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜, ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ืŸ ืื•ืคืŸ. 


ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืจื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’, ืึดื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึทื ื˜ืฐื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื™-ืง'ืก ืฉืึทืคึผืŸ ืคืจืขื’ื˜ ืึธืคึผ ืงืึทื˜ืขื’ืึธืจื™ืฉ ื™ืขื ืข ืคืึทืจืึทืœื’ืขืžืฒื ืขืจื˜ืข 
ืื™ื™ื ื“ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืงืข ื‘ืึทื”ืฑืคึผื˜ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื“ืขืคื™ื ื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืขืึทืงืฆื™ืขืก ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืŸ ื ืึทืฆื™ื™ืจืขื–ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื–ื™ื™ ืฐืึธืœื˜ืŸ 


29 


ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืกืฉืœื™ืกืœืขืš ื›ืึทืจืึทืงื˜ืขืจื™ื–ื™ืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืึทืจืึทืœื™ื–ื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื’ื™ึทื™ืกื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ื™ื‘ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜. ื“ื™ ืึทืœืฅ ืฐืึทืงืกื ื“ืข 
ืื™ื ื˜ืขื ืกื™ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื™.ืง'ืก ืฐืขืจืง, ื‘ืขืช ืžืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืคืึทืจืคึผืึธืœื’ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืžืึธืจื“ืขื˜, ืื™ื– ืึทืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื“ืจื•ืง ืคืึทืจ ืึท 
ื˜ืึธื˜ืึทืœืŸ ืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื’ืฒึทืกื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืฐื™ื“ืขืจืฉื˜ืึทื ื“. ืึท ืฐื™ื“ืขืจืฉื˜ืึทื ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืขืœื‘ืŸ ืกืึธืจื˜ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืึทืฐื•ืฑื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข 
ืงืึทืžืคืก-ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ืึทืฆื™ืข ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ืึทืจืฑืกืฆื•ื˜ืจืขื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืคื•ืŸ ืคืจื™ึดืขืจ ืคืึทืจืœืึธืจืขื ืขื ื‘ืึทืฐืึธืคื ื˜ืŸ 
ืงืึทืžืฃ ื›ึผื“ื™ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ื™ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืึท ืงืœืึธืจืŸ ืคืึทืงื˜-- ืึทื– ื“ืึธืก ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืคืึธืœืง ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ืฉื˜ 
ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืึธืŸ ืงืึทืžืฃ. ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ืึทืจืงื˜ืข ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืจื™ืฉืข ืจืขืึทืงืฆื™ืข ืื™ื– ื‘ืฉื•ื ืื•ืคืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ 
ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื™ืื•ืฉ-ืจืขืึทืงืฆื™ืข ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทืฐืฒึทื– ืคืึทืจ ื’ืฒึทืกื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืื™ื ืขืจืœืขื›ืขืจ ืฆืขืคืึทืœื•ื ื’, ื ืึธืจ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื’ืึทื ืฅ 
ืคืึทืจืงืขืจื˜ -- ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืฉืจื™ืคื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœืขืฆื˜ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ-ื™ืึธืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืึท ืกื™ืžื‘ืึธืœื™ืฉืข ื˜ืฑึผื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื ื˜ืฉืœืึธืกืขื ืขื 
ืฐื™ื“ืขืจืฉื˜ืึทื ื“ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืžืฆื‘ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืข ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข ืขืคืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ืข ืจืขืึทืงืฆื™ืข ืื™ื– ื‘ืœืึธืงื™ืจื˜. 

ืงืขื ืขื˜ ื‘ืขืจืง (801846 ื“ืขืจ ืึทืžืขืจื™ืงืึทื ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ-ืคืึธืจืฉืขืจ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืึทืจืฒึทื ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ 
| ืฐืึธืงืึทื‘ื•ืœืึทืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ-ื˜ืขืึธืจื™ืข ื“ืขื ื‘ืึทื’ืจื™ืฃ "ืกื™ืžื‘ืึธืœื™ืฉืข ื˜ื•ึผื•ื ื’" = "ืž40110/ 110ืกื˜ืžืžืขืฅืคึผ''ืŸ ืฐืึธืก 
ื“ืจื™ืงื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ื“ืขื ื‘ืึทื ืขื ืึทื– ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ ืคึผืึธืขื–ื™ืข ืื™ื– ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทื ื•ืฆื˜ืข ืžื™ื˜ืœืขืŸ ืฐื™ ืึท ืคืึทืงื˜ื™ืฉ 
ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ืขืจ ืึทืงื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืš-- ืึทื– ืคึผืึธืขื–ื™ืข ืื™ื– ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืึท ืคึผืึทืจืึทืœืขืœืข ื˜ื•ึผื•ื ื’ ืฆื• ืคืึทืงื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืึทืงืฆื™ืข ืื•ืŸ ืึทื– ืื™ืŸ 
ืึท ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ืŸ ืื™ื– ื–ื™ ืžื‘ืฉืจ ื“ืขื ืึทืงื˜ -- ืึทื–ืฑ ื•ื™ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืขื˜ืึธืขื ืขืจ ืึทืงื˜ ืื™ื– ืžื‘ืฉืจ ื“ืขื ืงื•ืžืขื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ืึทืงื˜ 
ื ืึธืš ืื™ื (ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจ ืึทืœืฒืŸ ืื™ื– ืึท ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜ืŸ ืึทืงืฆื™ืข-ืžื•ืกื˜ืขืจ).?? ื ืึธืš ืžืขืจ, ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคื•ืกื˜ืจื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื‘ืขืจืงืก ืฆื•ื’ืึทื ื’ ืฆื• ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ ืงืขืŸ ืžืขืŸ ื˜ืขื ื”ืŸ, ืึทื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ ืื™ื– ืฆื• ืžืึธืœ ืึทืŸ ืึธืคึผืฉืคึผื™ื’ืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื•ื•ื™ืจืงืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜, ื ืึธืจ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ืจืงืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ืฆื• ืžืึธืœ ื“ื™ ืึธืคึผืฉืคึผื™ื’ืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ. ืฐืฒึทืœ ื ืึธืš ื“ืขื 
ื•ื™ ื‘ืขืจืง ืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจืก ืึธืคึผ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื˜ืขืึธืจืขื˜ื™ืฉืข ืฉืจื™ืคื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืžืึธืจืึทืœืขืจ ืžืึธื˜ื™ื•ืฑื™ืจื•ื ื’, ื•ื™ ื“ื™ 
ืขืจืฉื˜ื™ืงืข ืฉื˜ืฑืกืงืจืึทืคื˜ ืฐืึธืก ื‘ืึทืฐืขื’ื˜ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืึทืงื˜ื™ืฐืฑืจื˜ ื–ื™ื™, ืงืœืฒึทื‘ื˜ ืขืจ ืืฑืก ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธืขื–ื™ืข 
(=ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืขืจืŸ ื–ื™ืŸ) ืก'ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜-- ื“ื™ ืกื™ืžื‘ืึธืœื™ืฉืข ื˜ื•ึผื•ื ื’-- ืฐื™ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธื˜ื™ืคึผ ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ 
ืขืจืฉื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืžืึธื˜ื™ื•ืฑืจื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉื ืก ืึทืจืฒึทื ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš. ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื‘ื•ืš ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื‘ืขืจืงืก ืฆื•ื’ืึทื ื’ ืฆื• ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืฐื™ืœื™ืึทื ืจื™ืงืขืจื˜ ืคืึธืจืžื•ืœื™ืจื˜ ื‘ืขืจืงืก ื‘ืึทื ืขื ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืฐืขืจื˜ืขืจ: 


8 8611 ืกื˜ื–1 100 01 406109 106 ;ื•ื–ืกืกืง 4 }0 ืคืžื•ื•ื•ื–ืฉ ืก} 10 06ื–2ืงื ื–ืกืก 1 /801 2 01 9ืž1101ื˜ืก ืกืž'ื“" 
ืงืช/ 12 2 ,ืช ืก510ื˜} ืž80006 4 ืค1 ืžื•ืกืกืง 106 ื–ืก} โ€ ื•ื–ืกืกืง 81081 2 01 ืงืžื ื•ื•ื–ื˜ 06} ืก}' 00022106ืก 
0 2048 /21' 101 ,'06110ื›ืŸ 18 ,885 ืกืื–ื˜ื ,"ืž20110 411/' . 2081 ืขื•ื–ืกืžื–ื–ืก! ืคืงืžื•0} ืฆืžื’ื ื– 01 ื–1080106 
72 4 }0 1106 0200 28 116ื˜0 , ื–ืกืช/1080 ืคืž101 1009ื˜ืง }0 ืขื‘ืฉ ืฉืกืช 8 ืงืช1ืกื˜ 6808 , 'ืก41ืกื—ื—ืฅืค" 
ืฉ21ื˜8120 ืกืื• ,ืคืž1ื˜ื•1 01 56ื–ื˜ืกืก 106 ืžื– ,1024 86056 106 ืชื– ืžื–ืกืกืขืŸ 4 8' ,ืคืฅ8ืค ืกืื–ื˜ื , 145610 1106 .18 
06116069 ืกืื–ื˜ื . 6818ื–1016 ื–ื’ื•ืก 16ื˜ {ื–ื•ื ื–ื–ืก!ืžืกืก ืžื– ืคื˜ 8004 ืคืง1ืฐ16126/005 01 0416ื–86 2 1604ืก 
228 106 04 6580006 106 060163ื˜ื—ื—ื–ืก 800 08865ื–ืืก 201100 110ืกืกื ืžืขืค 6110ืกื›ืŸ 1081 ,05ื–ืกื˜ื• ื–ืกื}ืก ืžื’ 
ืฅื–61ืกืก 4 ืžืกืกืกืžื’ 806 6ื˜:2ืช ืกื—} 04 8069 ืกืขื•ืคืชืก1ืช1 22 ืž8ื˜ืกื–ื} 1021 826 161211005 ืชื’ืžื–ื˜ื— 01 
6 ืช4ื’ืก ืช01166460 801600100 406 ื˜ืก 120160 ื–ืก 060160 ืชื’ืžื– 01 2211 |21-640108ื–ืกืžืช ืกื} 

160190076160 2060 16-441101664.7/ 


ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื–ื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ืฉืึทืคึฟื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืœืขืฆื˜ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ, ื•ื™ ืึท ืกื™ืžื‘ืึธืœื™ืฉืข 
ื˜ื•ื•ื ื’ ืฐืึธืก ืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคึผืึธืจ ืึทืŸ ืึทื ื˜ืฉืœืึธืกืขื ืขื ื’ืฒึทืกื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืฐื™ื“ืขืจืฉื˜ืึทื ื“. ืœืฑื˜ ื“ืึธืก ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ืข ื‘ื™ื– ืื™ืฆื˜ 
ืงืขืŸ ืžืขืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืฆืขื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ ื™-ืง'ืก ืฉืึทืคึฟืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข, ืื•ื™ืฃ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืึทืœื’ืขืžืฒื ืข ืขื™ืงืจ-ื—ืœืงื™ื: (ื) ื‘ืขืจืš ืคื•ืŸ ืึธื ื”ืฒื‘ 


20 


ืช"ืฉ ื‘ื™ื– ืจืืฉ-ื”ืฉื ื” ืชืฉ"ื‘; (ื‘) ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืกื— ืชืฉ"ื‘ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื– ืคึผืกื— ืชืฉ"ื’. ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืคืึทืจื˜ื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ ื“ืึทืจืฃ ืžืขืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืึท 
ืฆื•ื™ืฉืŸ-ืคึผืจืง ืคื•ืŸ ืคื™ื ืฃ ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืขืก ืื™ื– ืื•ื ื“ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื‘ืึทืฐื•ึผืกื˜ ืฆื™ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฐืึธืก ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ, ืึท ื—ื•ืฅ ืื™ืŸ 
ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืคืขื‘ืจื•ืึทืจ 1942 ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข "ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืขืœื˜" ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืึท ื˜ืึธื’-ื›ืจืึธื ื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ 
ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ืขืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืฆื• ืื•ื ื“ื– ื“ืขืจื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ ื ืึธืจ ื’ืขืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ืข ื–ืฒึทื˜ืœืขืš, 

ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืฉื™ื™ื“ ืฆืฐื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืขื™ืงืจ-ืคึผืขืจื™ืึธื“ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืงืึธืจืคึผื•ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ืฉืจื™ืคื˜ืŸ, ืื™ื– ืึท 
ืžื”ื•ืชื“ื™ืงืขืจ. ื™.ืงื™ืก ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืจื™ืฉืขืจ ืจืขืึทื’ื™ืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืคึผืขืจื™ืึธื“ ืื™ื– ื›ืึทืจืึทืงื˜ืขืจื™ื–ื™ืจื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึทื–ืฑ ืžื™ื˜ 
ืฉืึทืคื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื–ืึธืœืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื ื“ื˜ ืงืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืฒึทื™ื˜ืฉืŸ. ื“ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื™ื˜-ืึธืคึผืฉื ื™ื˜ ืื™ื– ื‘ืขืกึถืขืจ 
ื›ืึทืจืึทืงื˜ืขืจื™ื–ื™ืจื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืึธื ืฉื˜ืจืขื ื’ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื“ืขื ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื“ื•ื™ืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขื™ืงืจ-ืงืึธืžืคึผืึธื ืขื ื˜ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื™. ืง'ืก ืฉืึทืคืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ-ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ื“ืึทืŸ. ืื•ื‘ ืขืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื™ืึธ ืคืึทืจืึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืฉืจื™ืคื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ 
ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืฉืข ืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ืข ืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืึทื ื˜ืงืขื’ื ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ, ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื ื“ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื’ืึทื ืฆืขืจ ืฉืึทืจืคืงื™ื™ื˜ ื›ึผืœืคึผื™- 
ืคึผื ื™ื, ืงืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ-ืคึผืจื ืกื™ื ืื•ืŸ ืงืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืึธืฆื™ืึทืœืข ืฐื™ื“ืขืจืึทื ืึทื ื“ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืขืจืฉืŸ ืื™ืŸ 
ื’ืขื˜ืึธ. 

ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืข ืชึผืงื•ืคื” ืื™ื– ื›ืึทืจืึทืงื˜ืขืจื™ื–ื™ืจื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ืข ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืจื™ืฉืข ืจืขืึทื’ื™ืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื ื“ื˜ ืงืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ื ืึทืฆื™ื™ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืคึผืขืจื™ืึธื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืึทืคืŸ ืคืึทืจืฐืึทื ื“ืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื™.ืง. ืื™ืŸ ืึท "ืงืขืžืคื ื“ืŸ" ืฉืจืฒื™ื‘ืขืจ ืฐืึธืก 
ืคืึทืจืคืึทืกื˜ ืึท ืงืœืœื” ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื“ืฒึทื™ื˜ืฉืŸ ืคืึธืœืง, ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ื’ืฒึทืกื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ื’ื‘ื•ืจื”, 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜. ืื™ื™ื’ื ื˜ืœืขืš ืื™ื– ื™.ืง'ืก ืฉืึทืคืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืื•ืŸ ืึท ื”ืึทืœื‘ ื™ืึธืจ ืžืœื—ืžื” ืึท 
ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ืขืจ ื”ืžืฉืš, ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ื–ื™ืŸ, ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืคืึทืจ-ืžืœื—ืžื”-ื•ื•ืขืจืง (ื–ืข ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ). ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจ ื“ืึทืจืฃ ื“ื™ ืคืจืึทื’ืข 
ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื™ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉืงืฒื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื™-ืง'ืก ืฉืึทืคืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืช ื“ืขืจ ืžืœื—ืžื”, ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคืึธืจืžื•ืœื™ืจื˜ 
ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขืจืžื™ื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื ื™ืฉื˜-ืคึผืึธืจื’ืขื–ืขืขื ืขื ืคึผืœื•ืฆืขืžื“ื™ืงืŸ ืื•ืžื“ืขืจืฐืึทืจื˜ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื‘ืฒื™ื˜ ื‘ืฒึทื ืฉืจืฒื™ื‘ืขืจ 
ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืคืจืขืžื“ื˜ืข ืชึผืงื•ืคื•ืช, ืžื™ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืก ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜, -- ื•ื™ ื“ืึธืก ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขื ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืึทืจืฑืกื’ืขืจื•ืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืจื™ืฉืขืจ ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืง ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื™.ืง'ืก ืฉืึทืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœื’ืขืžืฒื™ืŸ. ื“ื™ ืคืจืึทื’ืข ื“ืึทืจืฃ ื ืึธืš ืžืขืจ ืคืึทืจืฉืึทืจืคื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืขืก 
ื“ืึทืจืฃ ื’ืขืคืจืขื’ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืึท ืคืจืึทื’ืข ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืื•ืžื‘ื™ื™ื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืคืึธืจื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืึทืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ื“ืขืจ ืขื™ืงืจ -- ืคื•ืŸ 
ืึธื ื”ืฒื‘ ืึทืคึผืจื™ืœ 1942. 


ื“ืขืจ ืึธืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื™.ืง'ืก ืฉืึทืคื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜-ืžืœื—ืžื” ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ื˜ืจืึทื“ื™ืฆื™ืึธื ืขืœืข ืžืงื•ืจื™ื, ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืฐืึทืจืฉืขื•ื•ืขืจ ืฉืจื™ืคื˜ืŸ - ืœืฑื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื›ืจืึธื ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืฉืขืจ ืจืฉื™ืžื” 
ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืงืœืึธืจ ืึทื– ืึท ื”ืขืœืคื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืจืึทืžืึทื˜ื™ืฉืข ืฐืขืจืง, ื“ื™ ืžืึทื˜ืขืจื™ืึทืœืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ืคืึทืจ ื“ื™ 
| ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจื™ืฉืข ืึธืฐื ื˜ืŸ ืื™ื– ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ืŸ -- ื’ืœืฒึทื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ื™-ืง'ืก ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ึทืฉืข ื•ื•ืขืจืง ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจ 
ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜-ืžืœื—ืžื” ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืชึผื "ืš, ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืึธื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืคืึทืจืฆืฐืฒึทื’ื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆืขืจื™ืฉืขืจ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ 
ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ื™.ืง. ื”ืึธื˜ ืึทืจืฒึทื ื’ืขืœืฒื’ื˜ ืคื™ืœ ื›ึผื•ื—ื•ืช ืื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ืžื™. ืื•ื‘ ืึทื–ืึท ืžื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื ื•ืฆืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืฉืจื™ืคื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ 
ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ืžืœื—ืžื”, ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ื“ื•ื•ืงื -- ื“ืึทืจืฃ ืึท ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจื•ื ื’, ืžื•ื– ืื•ื™ืš ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฐื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ 
ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื™.ืง. ืึทื–ืฑ ืฉื˜ืึทืจืง ื‘ืึทืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืฆื•ื–ืขืฆืŸ ืคึผืจืงื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ืชึผื 'ืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื™ื”ื•ืืฉื˜ ื’ืœืขื ืฆื ื“ืข 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ืื™ื ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื”ืึทื ื˜. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืฐืึธืก ื™ื”ื•ืืฉืก ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืึทืจ 
ืึท ืฆื™ืœ ื˜ืจืฒึท ืฆื• ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ืœืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืฒื™ื˜ืฉ-ื˜ืจืึทื“ื™ืฆื™ืข, ื–ื•ื›ื˜ ื™.-ืงื™ืก ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’ ื˜ืจื™ื™ 
ืฆื• ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ืœืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืขื˜ื™ืง.*? ืึท ืžืขื’ืœืขื›ืขืจ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ืข ืคืจืึทื’ืŸ ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื™-ืง'ืก ื–ื•ื›ืŸ, (ื‘ึฐืขืช ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืœืขื ื’ืขืจืขืจ ืชึผืงื•ืคื” ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคึฟื•ืŸ 
ื“ื™ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ-ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืขื ืฉืึทืคืŸ) ืžืขื’ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ ื•ื™ ืึท 
ืžืึทื˜ืขืจื™ืึทืœ ืืฑืกื ื™ืฆื‘ืึทืจ ืื™ืŸ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจื™ืฉืข ืื•ื™ืคื˜ืจื™ื˜ืŸ ืคืึทืจืŸ ืคึผื•ื‘ืœื™ืงื•ื, ืื•ืŸ ื•ื™ ืึทืŸ 

21 


ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทื“ืขืจืคืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผื•ื‘ืœื™ืงื•ื ืœื•ื˜ ื•ื™ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื–ื™ ืคืึธืจื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜. ืขืจ ืคืึทืจื‘ืฒึทื˜ ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจ 
ื™ื”ื•ืืฉืก ืคืึธืจื ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืคึผืกื•ืงื™ื-ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึทืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื“ืคืึธืจื, ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ื ื“ื™ืง ื˜ืจืฒึท ื“ืขืจ 
ืคึผืกื•ืงื™ื- ืคืึทืจื˜ื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’. ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืคืึธืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธื ืฉื˜ืจืขื ื’ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืึธื ืฆื•ื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ืึท ืฐืึธืก ืจืขื’ื•ืœืขืจืขืจืข ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ-ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ 
ืขื“ ื™ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื–ืขื (ืก'ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื‘ื™ื– ื“ื™ ืžืœื—ืžื” ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืขื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื”ื™ื˜ืœืขืจืก ืžืคึผืœื”) ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทื’ืจืขื ืขืฆื˜ืขืจ 
ื•ื•ื™ืกื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืฐืึธืก ืงืขืŸ ืคืึธืจืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ-- ื“ืึทืจืฃ ื™.ืง'ืก ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืจื™ืฉืข ืื•ืŸ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ-ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ 
ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ -- ืื™ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืชึผืงื•ืคื”, ื‘ื™ื– ืึทืŸ ืขืจืš ืจืืฉ-ื”ืฉื ื” ืชืฉ"ื‘. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืœื™ื›ื˜ ื“ืึทืจืคืŸ ืื•ื™ืš 
ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฉืึทืฆื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืชึผื "ืš-ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ื“ื™ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ืคืึทืจ- 
ืžืœื—ืžื”ื“ื™ืงืข ืฉืจื™ืคื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืึธื ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื“ืจืึทืžืขืก, ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธื“ืœืขื‘ืŸ, 
ื˜ืฒืœืฐื•ืฒื™ื– ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ-ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ. 

ืขืก ืฐืฒึทื–ื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ืึทื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืชึผืงื•ืคื”, ื”ืึธื˜ ื™.ืง. ื–ื™ืš ืึธืคึผื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ - ืžืขืจ ื•ื™ ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืกืฆื•ื“ืจื™ืงืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข 
ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ื’ืขืคื™ืœืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜-ื‘ืึทื ืขื -- ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืฉืจืฒึทื™ื‘ืŸ ืคืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ-ื“ืขืจืฆื™ืขืจื™ืฉืข ื‘ืึทื“ืขืจืคืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืฐืึธืก ืึทืจื•ื ืื™ื, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฉืคึผื™ื’ืœื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืกื˜ืข ืฉืึทืคื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜. ืขืจ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืึทื–ืฑ ืึทืจื•ื ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ืคืึธืจื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜, ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ื–ื™ืŸ, ื–ื™ึทื™ืŸ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืจื™ืฉืข ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ-ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ 
ืžืœื—ืžื”. ืึทืคื™ืœื• ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืจืึทืžืขืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ: "ืขืœ ื ื”ืจื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืœ" ืื•ืŸ "ืื™ื•ื‘" (ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืกื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ 
ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจืข ื•ื•ืขืจืง ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืชึผืงื•ืคื”) ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืขืจ ืคึผืจื•ึผืฐื•ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคืึทืจืžืขืกื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึทืŸ ืึทืœื’ืขืžืฒื ืขื 
ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืกืคึผืขืงื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื ืฒึทื™-ื’ืขืฉืึทืคึผืขื ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ืจืงืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ -- ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ืึทืœืฅ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคืึทืจืึทืŸ 
ื“ื™ ื“ื™ืžืขื ืกื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืจืขืึทื’ื™ืจืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ืึท ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ืŸ ืคืึทืจืžืขืกื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืžืฆื‘ ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœื’ืขืžืฒืŸ, ืึทืคื™ืœื• ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ 
ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื–ืฒื™ืขืจ ื‘ื•ืœื˜ ืึทืจืฑืกื’ืขื‘ืจืึทื›ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ื™ืฃ ื‘ืึทื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืคื™ืœืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืขืจื–ืขื ืœืขื›ืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื ืขืจืœืขื›ืข 
ื’ืขื“ืึทื ืงืขืŸ-ืงืึธื ืคึผืœื™ืงื˜ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืงืึธื ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื•ื ื’ ืฐืึธืก ื‘ืึทืœืฒึทื›ื˜ ื“ืขื ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืœืขื‘ื ืก-ื’ืขืคื™ืœ ืื™ืŸ 
ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืข ืฆืฒึทื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืึทืฆื™ืึธื ืึทืœืŸ ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ. ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืข ื•ื•ืขืจืง ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ืึทืœืฅ ื‘ื•ืœื˜, ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืขืึทื˜ืขืจ- 
ืฉืคึผื™ืœ-ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื“ืึทื ืงืขืŸ-ื’ืึทื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืจืขื–ืฉื™ืกืึธืจ ืฐืึธืก ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื˜ ืคืึทืจ ืกืฆืขื ื™ืฉืข ื‘ืึทื“ืขืจืคืขื ื™ืฉืŸ. ื–ื™ 
ื“ืขืจื’ืึทื ืฆืŸ ื˜ืึทืงืข ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ืฐื•ึผื ื“ืขืจื‘ืึทืจืŸ ืื•ืคืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ืขื“ืึทื ืงืœืขื›ืŸ ืื™ื ื”ืึทืœื˜, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืคืึทืจืคื™ืงืกื™ืจืŸ ืื™ื ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืื™ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ืžื“ืจื’ื” ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืคื™ืœื–ืฒึทื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ืจืงืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜-ื‘ืึทืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื•ื ื’, ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืงืึธื ืงืจืขื˜ื™ื–ื™ืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืœืขื‘ื ืก-ืคึผืจื™ื ืฆื™ืคึผืŸ 
ืื™ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืงื™ื•ื, ืฐืึธืก ื“ืึทืจืคืŸ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทืจืงื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืข ืฆืฒึทื˜ืŸ, ื•ื™ ืœืžืฉืœ -- ื“ืึธืก ืคืึทืจื™ืึธืขืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ 
ืคืึทืจื ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ื–ืขืœื‘ืกื˜ืžืึธืจื“ ื•ื™ ืึท ื“ืจืš, ืึธื“ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืคืขืกื˜ืข ืืžื•ื ื” ืื™ืŸ ืงื‘"ื” ืื•ื™ืš ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ืึธืš ืึทืœืขืžืขืŸ, ื•ื™ 
ื‘ืฒึท ืื™ื•ื‘ ื”ืงื“ืžื•ืŸ. ืึทื–ืฑ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืึทืจืฒึทื ื’ืขืคืœืึธื›ื˜ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืจืึทืžืข "ืื™ื•ื‘" ื’ืึทื ืฆืข ืงืึทืคึผื™ื˜ืœืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืกืคืจ 
ืื™ื•ื‘ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืจืึทืžืข "ืขืœ ื ื”ืจื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืœ" ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืึทืจืฒึทื ื’ืขืคึผืœืึธื›ื˜ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ 
ื’ืึทื ืฆืข ืคึผืจืงื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ืกืคืจ ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ. ื–ื™ื™ ืึทืœืข ื“ืึทืจืคืŸ ืขืก ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ืึทืจืงืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืจื•ื ื˜-ื˜ืขื ื“ืขื ืฆืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจืง, ืื•ืŸ ืขืก 
ืื™ื–-- ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืจืึทืžืขืก-- ืื•ื™ืš ืึธืคึผื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืึท ืกืš ืึธืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ ื›ึผื“ื™ ืฆื• ืึทื ื˜ืฐื™ืงืœืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืจืึทืžืึทื˜ื™ืฉืข 
ืฉืคึผืึทื ื•ื ื’ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื ืข, ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข ื˜ืขืึทื˜ืขืจ-ืขืคืขืงื˜ืŸ. 

ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืขืงืกืคึผืจืขืกื™ื•ื•ืข ื˜ืขื ื“ืขื ืฆืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื™-ืง'ืก ืฉืึทืคืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืคึฟืึทืจืึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœืข ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข ืคึผืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ืชึผืงื•ึผืคึนื”, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืฉื˜ืจืฒึทื™ื›ื ื“ื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืžืขืจืขืจ ื“ืขื ืึทืกืคึผืขืงื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื’ืฒื™ืกื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ื‘ืึทืคึผืจื™ื“ื™ืงื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžื“ืจื’ื” ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ืขืจื™ืฉืขืจ ืขืžืึธื˜ื™ืฐื•ืงืฒื˜, ื•ื™ ื“ืขื ืึทืกืคึผืขืงื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืขืœื‘ืกื˜ 
ืึทืจืฑืกื–ืึธื’ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืœืขืจ ืจืขืึทืงืฆื™ืข. ืžืข ืงืขืŸ ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจ ืจืขื–ื•ืžื™ืจืŸ ื–ืึธื’ื ื“ื™ืง ืึทื– ืื™ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ 
ืชึผืงื•ืคื” ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฆืขื ื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื™-ืง'ืก ืฉืึทืคืŸ, ื“ืขืจ ืคึผื•ื‘ืœื™ืงื•ื ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื‘ืึทื“ืขืจืคึฟืขื ื™ืฉืŸ. ื™ื™ืง. ืฉืึทืคื˜ ืคืึทืจ ืื™ื ืื•ืŸ 
ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ืึธืš ืึทืœืฅ ืฐืฒื ื™ืง ืึทืจืฑืก ืื™ืŸ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคึผื•ื‘ืœื™ืงื•ื ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึทืœืฒืŸ ืฐื™ื–ืึทืฐื™ ื“ืขืจ 
ืงืขื’ื ืฐืึทืจื˜. 


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ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’ืขืŸ - ื“ื™ ืืฑื‘ืŸ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ืข ื˜ืขื ื“ืขื ืฆืŸ ืฐืขืจืŸ ื ืึธืš ืงืœืึธืจืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืึทื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืจืขืœืึทื˜ื™ืฐื• ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ืฆืึธืœ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื’ืขืžืึทื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื™.ืง. ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืชึผืงื•ืคื”, ืึธื ื”ืฒื‘ื ื“ื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ื—.ื . ื‘ื™ืึทืœื™ืงืก 
"ืขืœ ื”ืฉื—ื™ื˜ื”", ืื•ืŸ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ืคืึทืจืจืขื›ืขื ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธืขื˜ื™ืฉืข ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื– ื’ืึธืจ ืคึผื™ื ืงื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื, ื ืึธืš ื ืขืžืขื ื“ื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ืึทื›ื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ืขื ื•ื™ืข ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ึดืฉืข ืคึฟืึทืจ-ืžืœื—ืžื” ื•ื•ืขืจืง, 
ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืขื ื“ื™ืงื ื“ื™ืง ืžื™ื˜ ื™ืขื ืข ืชึผื "ืš-ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืึทืจืฒึทื ื’ืขืคืœืึธื›ื˜ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื™ื ืข ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข 
ืึธืจื™ื’ื™ื ืึทืœืข ืฉืึทืคื•ื ื’ืขืŸ. ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทื ื•ืฆืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืข ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืจื™ืฉืข ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ืŸ ืื™ื– ืึท ื‘ืึทืฐืฒึทื– ืคืึทืจ 
ื“ืขื ืึทื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืคึผืขืจื™ืึธื“ ื”ืึธื˜ ื™.ืง. ื ืึธืš ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื‘ืึทื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ืฐื•ื™ ื•ื•ืขื–ื ื˜ืœืขืš ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขื ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข ืฆืฒึทื˜ืŸ. ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืจืึทืžืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ 
ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคึผืขืจื™ืึธื“ ืฉืจืฒื™ื‘ื˜ ื™.ืง. ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืคืจืึทื’ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื’ืฒื™ืกื˜ื™ืงืข ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช 
ืื•ืŸ ืงืึทืžืฃ ืคืึทืจ ืื™ื™ื’ื ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืฒื˜, ืžื•ื– ืžืขืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืึทื– ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ื™ื•ื•ืข ืคึผืึทืจ-ืžืœื—ืžื”ื“ื™ืงืข ื“ืขืจืงืขื ื˜ืขื ื™ืฉ 
ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื’ื•ืจืœ ืฐืึธืก ื“ืขืจืฐืึทืจื˜ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืฒึทื™ื˜ืฉืข ื”ืขื ื˜ ื‘ืคืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืžืฆื“ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ื‘ื›ืœืœ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืึท ืกืš ืคืจื™ืขืจ 
ืคืึธืจื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืฐืึธืก ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืขืŸ - ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึธืจื’ืขืคื™ืœ, ื“ื™ ื“ืข-ืงืขื ื˜ืขื ื™ืฉ ืื™ื– ืฐื™ ืขืก ืฐืฒึทื–ื˜ ืื•ื™ืก 
ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทึทืŸ ืฉืึทืคืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ืขื’ืจืึทืœืขืจ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืึทืฐื•ึผืกื˜ื–ืฒึทืŸ. ืื•ื™ืš ื™.ืง., 
ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืœืข ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืึทืŸ ื ืึธืš ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขืงืขื ื˜ ื‘ืึทืคึผืจืฒืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืข ืคืึทืจื’ืœืฒึทื›ืŸ ืื•ืŸ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉ-ื‘ืึทื“ื™ื ื’ื˜ืŸ ื’ืขื“ืึทื ืงืขืŸ-ื’ืึทื ื’. ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ื”ืฉื‚ื’ื•ืช ื‘ืขืช ื“ืขื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืคึผืขืจื™ืึธื“ ืื™ืŸ 
ื–ืฒึทึทืŸ ืฉืึทืคืŸ, ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืคื’ืึทื‘ืข ื•ื™ ืึท ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ, ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœ ืฆื• ื—.ื . ื‘ื™ืึทืœื™ืงืก ืึธื ื“ืขื ืง ืื•ืŸ 
ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ-ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืฉืŸ ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืžืขื ื“ืขืœืข ืžื•ื›ืจ ืกืคืจื™ืžืก ืฉืึทืคืŸ. ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข 
ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืขืจื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืคึผืจืขืกืข ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข, ืื™ื– ืงืœืึธืจ ืึทื– ื™ื™ืง. ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืึทืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ 
ื’ืขืคื™ืœื˜ ืžื—ื•ื™ื™ื‘ ืึทืจืฑืกืฆื•ื˜ืจืขื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืขืจ ืจืขืึทื’ื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื ืึทืฆื™ืฉืข ืจื“ื™ืคื•ืช ืคื•ืŸ 1940-1939, ืืคืฉืจ 
ืฐืฒึทืœ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื‘ืึทื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ ื•ื™ ืึท ืงื•ืœืžื™ื ื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ืขื ืœืขื›ืข ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทืงืึทื ื˜ืข ืคึผืึทืกื™ืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžืึธื“ืขืจื ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜, ื‘ืžืฉืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ื–ืขื›ืฆื™ืง ื™ืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืœื™ึทื™ื“ืŸ, ื‘ื™ื– 
ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฆืฒึทื˜. ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจ ืืคืฉืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื™.ืง'ืก ืขื™ืงืจ-ื”ืฉื‚ื’ื•ืช ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ืข ืฐืึธืก ื“ื™ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืขืจ ืฉืึทืคืŸ ื“ืึทืจืคืŸ ื“ืขืจืคื™ืœืŸ -- ืฆื• ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืึทืŸ ืึธื ืฉืคึผืึทืจ ืื•ืŸ ืึท ื˜ืจื™ื™ืกื˜, ืึท ื›ึผื•ึนื— ืฐืึธืก ื–ืึธืœ ื“ืขืจืžื•ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื“ื™ 
ื’ืขืคืึทืœืขื ืข ื’ืขืžื™ื˜ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ืœืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจืข ื“ืขืจื’ืจื™ื™ื›ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื‘ื™ื– ื“ืึทืŸ. ื“ื™ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ, ื•ื™ ืึทื–ืึท, ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื ืึธืš ื“ืึทืŸ 
ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึทืจืฑืกื’ืขืคืึธื“ืขืจื˜ ื‘ืฒึท ืื™ื ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ืคืึทืจืžืขืกื˜ืŸ ืืฑืฃ ืึท ื‘ืึทื ืฒึทื˜ืŸ ืึธื ืฉื˜ื“ืขื ื’ ืฆื• ืžืคึฟืจืฉ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ 
ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทืœื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ืจืงืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜. ืึทื–ืึท ืคืึทืจืคึผืœื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทื“ืขืจืคึผืขื ื™ืฉ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืขืจืฉื˜ ืึทืงื˜ื•ืขืœ ืื•ืŸ ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ื‘ื™ื™ 
ืื™ื, ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ืึทื ืฒึทื˜ืŸ ืื™ื™ืคืขืจ, ืขืจืฉื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืคึผืขืจื™ืึธื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืึทืคืŸ. 


ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืŸ-ืžื™ื ื™ืงืข ื˜ืขืžืึทื˜ื™ืง. - ื“ืขืจ ืืฑื‘ืŸ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ืขืจ ื‘ืึทื ืขื ืงื•ืžื˜ ืฆื•ื ืื•ื™ืกื“ืจื•ืง ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืชึผืงื•ืคื” ืžื™ื˜ ื™-ืง'ืก ืคื™ืœ-ืžื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ ื˜ืขืžืึทื˜ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืคึฟื™ืœืคึฟืึทื›ื™ืงืŸ ื›ืึทืจืึทืงื˜ืขืจ: ื‘ืึทืจืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ-ืฐื™ืจืงืœืขื›ืงืฒื˜; ื“ื™ ื’ืฒึทืกื˜ื™ืงืข ืฐื™ื“ืขืจืึทื ืึทื ื“ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืื•ืŸ ืขืฉื‚ื•; ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ื™ื•ื-ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื -- ื—ื ื•ื›ึผื” 
ืื•ืŸ ืคึผื•ืจื™ื; ื’ืขื˜ืึธ-ื˜ื™ืคึผืŸ; ื“ื™ ืชึผื "ืš ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืฆืขื ื˜ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืึทืฆื™ื•ื ื’ ืฆื•ื ืคึผืึธืœืง ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ; 
ื”ื™ื˜ืœืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืคึผืœืขื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜-ื”ืขืจืฉืึทืคึผื˜; ื“ื™ ื’ืฒื™ืกื˜ื™ืงืข ืžื“ืจื’ื” ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืึทื˜ื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืจ ื—ืœื•ืฆื™ื - 
ืื™ืŸ ื"ื™, ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืึธืขืžืขืก ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืึทืฆื™ื™ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ืืึทื–"ื•ื•. ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืข ื’ืึทืžืข ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืจื™ืฉืข ื˜ืขืžืขืก 
ืื™ืŸ ื™ื™ืงื™ืก ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืขืจืŸ ืฉืึทืคื•ื ื’ื˜-ืคึผืขืจื™ืึธื“ ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืขื“ื•ืช ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืึท ื”ื™ืคึผืฉืขืจ ืฆืขืฉืคึผืœื™ื˜ืขืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื™.ืงื™ืก 
ืฉืึทืคืขืจื™ืฉืขืจ ืขื ืขืจื’ื™ืข. ื“ืึธืก ืงืขืŸ ื ืึธืจ ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืึธืจื˜ ืฐืึธืก ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืจื™ืฉืข ืฉืึทืคืŸ 
ืคืึทืจื ืขืžื˜ ื‘ืฒึท ืื™ื, ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทืฆื™ึดื•ื ื’ ืฆื• ื“ืขื ืฐืึธืก ื“ืขืจ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ืœ ื“ืขืจื’ืจื™ื™ื›ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ ื‘ืฒึท ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข -- 
ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฐืึธืก ื“ืขืจ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ ืึทืœื™ื™ืŸ ืฐื™ืœ ืื•ื™ืกื“ืจื™ืงืŸ. ื“ืึธืก ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื ืึธืš ื‘ื•ืœื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ 

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ืคืึทืจื’ืœืฒึทื›ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคื™ืœ-ืžื™ื ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืขืžืึทื˜ื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืคึผืขืจื™ืึธื“ ืžึดื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืคื™ืœ ื‘ืึทืฉืจืขื ืงื˜ืขืจืขืจ, 
ืฆื™ืœื’ืขื•ื•ืขื ื“ื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื™ืœื‘ืึทืฐื•ึผืกื˜ืขืจ ื˜ืขืžืึทื˜ื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื’ืจืขืกืขืจืŸ ืคึผืขืจื™ืึธื“ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืึทืคืŸ. ืžื™ืจ ื˜ืจืขืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื’ืจืขืกืขืจืขืจ ืชึผืงื•ืคื”: ืงื•ืจืฆืข ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืœื›ึผื‘ื•ื“ ืคึผื•ืจื™ื ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืกืขืจื™ืข ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื’ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ 
ืงืขืœื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืฉืคึผื™ืœืขื•ื“ื™ืงืข ืชึผื "ืš-ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืฉืึทืจืฃ-ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืฉืข ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืกืึธืฆื™ืึทืœืข 
ื˜ืขืžืขืก, ื•ื™ ืื•ื™ืš ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืข ืชึผื "ืš-ื“ืจืึทืžืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืข ืึทืคึผื™ืœื• ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ืึทืงืึทื ื˜ืข ืฆืฒื™ื˜ืŸ, ื‘ืึทืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื›ื˜ ืกืฒื™ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื ืึทืฆื™ืึธื ืึทืœืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืŸ ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืกืฒึท ื“ืขื ืคึผืขืจื–ืขื ืœืขื›ืŸ, ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทืœื˜ืŸ, ืคื•ืŸ ื’ื™ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงืข 
ืคืึทืจืฆื™ึทื™ื˜ื™ืงืข ื”ืขืœื“ืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืึทืœืข -- ืื•ื™ืš ืึท ืœื™ื“ ืงืขื’ืŸ.ื”ื™ื˜ืœืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ-ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ. ื‘ืึทื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ื ื“ื™ืง 
ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืคื™ืœื–ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืขืžืึทื˜ื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ื’ืจืขืกืขืจืŸ ืคึผืขืจื™ืึธื“, ื“ืขืจืคื™ืœื˜ ืžืขืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจื’ืœืฒึทืš ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ 
ื˜ืขืžืึทื˜ื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืคึผืขืจื™ืึธื“, ืึทื– ืื™ืŸ ื™-ืง'ืก ืฉืึทืคืŸ ืื™ื– ืคืึธืจื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึท ื’ืฒึทืกื˜ื™ืงืข ื’ืจื•ื ื˜ื™ืงืข ืื•ืžืฐืึทื ื“ืœื•ื ื’ 
ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืฐืฒึทื˜ ื’ืจื™ื™ื›ื ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืคืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืขืžืึทื˜ื™ืง: ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื˜ ื˜ืจืขืคืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื›ืจืึธื ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืฉืขืจ ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื’ืจืขืกืขืจืŸ ืคึผืขืจื™ืึธื“, ืึท ืœื™ืจื™ืฉืข ืคึผืึธืขืžืข ืฐื•ึผ ื™ื™ืง. ื‘ืึทืฐื™ื™ื ื˜ ื“ืขื ื˜ื•ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ืคืจื•ื™ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื–ื™ืŸ, ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืคึผืฒึทึทืŸ- ืื•ืŸ ืฆืึธืจืŸื“ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึทืจื ื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืึธืœืง; 
ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜ ื˜ืจืขืคืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืึทืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ื™ื™ืกื˜-ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืคืึทืจื ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ื•ื˜ ืฆื• 
ื•ึนืขืœื›ืŸ ื–ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืขื“ื•ืช ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ื˜ื•ึผื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืงืกื™ื–ื˜ืขื ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืขื™ืงืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ื˜ื•ื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื ื™ืฉื˜, ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ืึทืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทืฐืึธืคึผื ื˜ืข ืงืขืžืคืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืžืขื ืก ืงืึทืžืฃ 
ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜, ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืœืขื‘ื ืก ืฆื• ืจืึทื˜ืขืฐืขืŸ ื ืึธืจ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ืขืง ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืฉืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ืขื ื™ื™ื“ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ 
ืฆื•ื ื˜ื•ื™ื˜. 

ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืจื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื™.ืง'ืก ืฉืึทืคืŸ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืงืœืึธืจ ืึทืจืฑืกื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ืฐืขืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืืฑื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืจืึทื›ื˜ืขืจ 
ื›ืจืึทื ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืฉืขืจ ืจืฉื™ืžื”. ื“ืขื ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืŸ ืงืึธื ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืคืึทืจ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืึทื ื˜ืฐื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื™-ืง'ืก.ืฉืึทืคืŸ, ื•ืขืœืŸ ืžื™ืจ 
ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ื‘ืึทื”ืึทื ื“ืœืขืŸ ืคึผืจื˜ื™ืžื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื•ืžืขื ื“ื™ืงืข ื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืึทืจืฒึทื ืคื™ืจ. ื“ื•ืจื›ืŸ ืงื•ืงื•ื•ื™ื ืงืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืจื•ืจ-ื”ื—ืœื•ืฅ-ื‘ืึทื•ื•ืขื’ื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจ, ืงืขืŸ ืžืขืŸ ืึธื ืฐืฒึทื–ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึทื›ื˜ 
ืขื™ืงืจ-ืชึผืงื•ืคึฟื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืก'ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืงืจื™ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ื–ื™ืจื˜ ื“ื™ ื ืึทืฆื™ืฉืข 
ื“ืขืจื“ืจื™ืงื•ื ื’ืก-ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืื•ืŸ ืืฑืกืจืึธื˜ื•ื ื’ืก-ืคึผืึธืจืžืขืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขื˜ืึทืคึผืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืฐื™ื“ืขืจืฉื˜ืึทื ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ื™-ืง'ืก 
ืฉืึทืคืŸ ืื™ื– ืึท ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ืฒื˜ืฒืœ. ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ื›ืจืึธื ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืฉืข ืคืึทืจื˜ื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’: 
(ื) ืคื•ืŸ ืžืœื—ืžื”-ืื•ื™ืกื‘ืจื•ืš ื‘ื™ื– ืžืึทื™ 1940 
(ื‘) ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืžืึทื™/ื™ื•ื ื™ ื‘ื™ ื“ืขื ืื•ื™ืคืงื•ื ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ, ื“ืขื 15ื˜ืŸ ื ืึธื•ื•ืขืžื‘ืขืจ 1940 
(ื’) ืคึฟื•ืŸ 15ื˜ืŸ ื ืึธื•ื•ืขืžื‘ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื–ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื‘ืจื•ืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉ-ืจื•ืกื™ืฉืขืจ ืžืœื—ืžื”, ื“ืขื 22ื˜ืŸ ื™ื•ื ื™ 1941 
(ื“) ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื”ืขืœืคื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ 1941 ื‘ื™ื–ืŸ 18ื˜ืŸ ืึทืคึผืจื™ืœ 1942 
(ื”) ืคึฟื•ืŸ 18ื˜ืŸ ืึทืคึผืจื™ืœ 1942 ื‘ื™ื–ืŸ ืึธื ื”ืฒื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ, ื“ืขื 22ื˜ืŸ ื™ื•ืœื™ 1942 
(ื•) ื“ื™ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ, ืคื•ืŸ 22ื˜ืŸ ื™ื•ืœื™ ื‘ื™ื–ืŸ 12ื˜ืŸ ืกืขืคึผื˜ืขืžื‘ืขืจ 1942 
(ื–) ืคื•ืŸ 13ื˜ืŸ ืกืขืคึผื˜ืขืžื‘ืขืจ 1942 ื‘ื™ื–ืŸ 17ื˜ืŸ ื™ืึทื ื•ืึทืจ 1943 
(ื—) ืคื•ืŸ 18ื˜ืŸ ื™ืึทื ื•ืึทืจ 1943 ื‘ื™ื–ืŸ ืึธื ื”ืฒื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืฉื˜ืึทื ื“-- 19ื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ 20ื˜ืŸ ืึทืคึผืจื™ืœ 1943. 

ื“ื™ ืคึฟืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื›ืจืึธื ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืฉืขืจ ืคืึทืจื˜ื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทื ื˜ืฐื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก 
ืฉืึทืคึฟืŸ, ื•ืขืจืŸ ื‘ืึทื”ืึทื ื“ืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฐืฒื™ื˜ืขืจื“ื™ืงืข ื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืึทืจืฒึทื ืคึฟื™ืจ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื•ืขืœืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืš ื‘ืึทืฆื™ึถืขืŸ 
ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืข ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ืœื•ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ื™ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื›ืจืึธื ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืฉืข ืคืึทืจื˜ื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’. 


24 


ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ-ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืจื™ืฉืข ืฉืึทืคื•ื ื’ 


ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ ืื™ื– ืึธื ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข, ืฐื™ ืขืก ื–ืขื˜ ืื•ื™ืก, ืฆืฐื•ื™ืฉืŸ 14ื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ 19ื˜ืŸ ื ืึธื•ื•ืขืžื‘ืขืจ 
9 ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื™ืŸ ืฐืฐื•ื™ื ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ืœืึธื“ื–ืฉ, ื ืึธื›ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื‘ืึทื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืื•ืŸ ืึท ื”ืึทืœื‘ ืžืึธื ืึทื˜ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื™ืขื ื“ื™ืง 
ืคืึทืจืคืึธืœื’ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืกื˜ืึทืคึผืึธ. ืื™ืŸ "ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื”ืจื’ืขื˜ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืึธืœืง" ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืึทืŸ: 
"ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ื˜ืขื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืึทืจืฒึทื ืจืฒึทืกืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื ืขื›ื˜ื™ืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื”ื•ื™ื–" 
(ื“ืึธืจื˜, ื–' 84). ื™.ืง. ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ื˜ ืืคืฉืจ ืื™ืŸ ืœืึธื“ื–ืฉ ื‘ื™ื–ืŸ 17ื˜ืŸ ื ืึธื•ื•ืขืžื‘ืขืจ ืœื›ืœ-ื”ืคึผื—ื•ืช, ื’ืœืฒึทื™ืš ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื ืึธื›ืŸ 
ืคืึทืจืขืคื ื˜ืœืขื›ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืึท ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืฉืึทื ื“ืฆืฒื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœืึธื“ื–ืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขืžื•ื–ื˜ ืึทื ื˜ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜.?? ืฉื•ื™ืŸ 
ื‘ืขืชืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืขื˜ืึทืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืึทืฆื™ืฉืŸ ืืฑืกืจืึธื˜ื•ื ื’ืก-ืคึผืœืึทืŸ ืคืึทืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืื™ื ื˜ืขืœื™ื’ืขื ืฅ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ืจืืฉ ืื™ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขื–ื•ื›ื˜ืข, ืฆืฐืึทืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืึทืจื˜ืฒ-ืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ืฑื™ืกื˜ืŸ. ื™ืฆื—ืง 
ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื™ื’ื ื˜ืœืขืš ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ืฆื• ืึทืœืข ื“ืจืฒึท ืงืึทื˜ืขื’ืึธืจื™ืขืก, ื–ืฒึทืขื ื“ื™ืง ืื™ ืึท ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ ืึท 
ื ืึธืขื ื˜ืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืกืึธืฆื™ืึทืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉ-ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืข ืงืจืฒึทื–ืŸ, ืฐื™ ืื•ื™ืš ืึท ืฆืขื ื˜ืจืึทืœืข ืคื™ื’ื•ืจ ืื™ืŸ ืœืึธื“ื–ืฉืขืจ 
ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ-ืœืขื‘ืŸ. ื“ื™ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื‘ืึทืœื“ ื ืึธืš ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืคืึทืจื ืขืžืขืŸ ืœืึธื“ื–ืฉ, ื“ืขื ืึทื›ื˜ืŸ ืกืขืคึผื˜ืขืžื‘ืขืจ 1939, 
ืึทืจื•ืžื’ืขื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึธืจืฑืก ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ืข ืจืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื–ื•ื›ื˜ ื“ื™ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ืฆื• ืฉื˜ื•ื‘. ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื–ื™ 
ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื–ื•ื›ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฉื•ืจื ืึทืœื™ืกื˜ืŸ.'* ืื•ื™ืฃ ื•ื•ื™ืคืœ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื‘ืขืจื‘ืœืฒื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœืึธื“ื–ืฉ ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจ 
ื™.ืง. ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ืจืขืึทืœืข ืกื›ึผื ื” ืงืขืŸ ืžืขืŸ ืึทืจื•ืกื“ืจื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืงื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืึทืคื™ืœื• ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื™ืึธืจ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ-- ืขื ื“ืข 
0 - ื–ื•ื›ื˜ ื ืึธืš ืึทืœืฅ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืกื˜ืึทืคึผืึธ ืื™ืŸ ืœืึธื“ื–ืฉ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืขืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืขืœืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื•ื• ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื‘ืึธืฐืŸ, 
ื“ืขืจ ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ืžืขืจื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœืึธื“ื–ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืึทืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืžืขื’ืŸ, ืฉืจืฒึทื™ื‘ื˜ ืขืจ ืฆื• ืžืจื“ื›ื™ 
ื—ื™ื™ื ืจื•ืžืงืึธื•ืกืงื™ืŸ ืขืจ ื–ืึธืœ ืื™ื ื‘ืึทืœื“ ืžื•ื“ื™ืข ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฐื•ึผ ื’ืขืคื™ื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฐื•ื™ื ื˜ 
ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืึทืก ื–ืึทืฐืึทื“ื–ืงืข, ื ื•ืž' 13.:* ืœื•ื˜ ืึทืœืข ืคืึทืจืึทื ืขื ืข ืžืงื•ืจื™ื ืงื•ืžื˜ ืึทืจืฑืก ืึทื– ื ืชืŸ ืขืง ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธืคืŸ 
ืžื™ื˜ ื™.ืง. ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข, ืึท ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื“ืจืฒึท ื˜ืขื’ ื ืึธืš ื“ืขื ื•ื™ ื™.ืง. ืื™ื– ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข, ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื˜ืึทืงืข 
ื’ืขืฉืขืŸ ื“ืขื 19ื˜ืŸ ื ืึธื•ื•ืขืžื‘ืขืจ 1939 ื•ื™ ืขืง ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜, ืื™ื– ืึธื ืฆื•ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืึทื– ื™.ืง. ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืึทืจืœืึธื–ืŸ ืœืึธื“ื–ืฉ ื“ืขื 
6ื˜ืŸ ืฆื™ ื“ืขื 17ื˜ืŸ ื ืึธื•ื•ืขืžื‘ืขืจ,?* 

ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื”ืขืœืคื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ ืฐืึธืก ื™ื™ืง. ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข, ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืฐื™ื™ื ื™ืง. 
ืœื•ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื›ืจืึธื ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืฉืขืจ ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืขื ืข ืฆื™ ื‘ืึทืงืึทื ื˜ืข ืฉืจื™ืคื˜ืŸ, ื•ื™ ืื•ื™ืš ืœื•ื˜ ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืข 
ืขื“ื•ืชืฉืึทืคื˜ืŸ -- ืื™ื– ื›ึผืžืขื˜ ื•ื™ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ืึทื– ื™ื™ืง. ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ื’ืึธืจื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ, ื‘ืขืช ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ 
ื’ืึทื ืฆืŸ ืึทืจืฒึทื ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ืคืœื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืึธื ืžืึทื›ื˜ื™ืงืฒื˜. ื™.ืง. ืื™ื– ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข ืึทื ื˜ืœืึธืคืŸ ืึทืœืฒืŸ, 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจืœืึธื–ื ื“ื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ืœืึธื“ื–ืฉ ื–ืฒื™ืŸ ืฐืฒึทื‘ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืจืฒึท ื–ื™ืŸ. ื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ื“ืฒื™ื˜ืฉืŸ ืœื•ื™ืขืจืŸ 
ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ. ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื˜ ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ "ืคึผื ืงืก ื•ื™ื˜ืœ": "ืคึฟืึทืจืœืึธืจืขื ืข ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื“ืขืžืึธืœื˜ ืึทืœืข ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ 
ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข, ืื™ืš ืฐืึธืก ื›'ื‘ื™ืŸ ืึทื ื˜ืœืึธืคึผืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืœืึธื“ื–ืฉ ื ืึธืš ืžืขืจ ื•ื™ ืึทืœืข, ืฐืฒึทืœ ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ, 
ืžืฒึทืŸ ืžืฉืคึผื—ื” ืื™ื– ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœืึธื“ื–ืฉ ืฐืฒึทืœ ืก'ื‘ืึทื“ืจืึธื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืกื›ึผื ื” (ืึทื–ืฑ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขื’ืœื™ื™ื‘ื˜!)" 
(ืคื ืงืก ื•ื™ื˜ืœ, ื–' 160). ืึท ืคึผืึธืจ ืฐืึธื›ืŸ ื ืึธืš ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืึทื ื˜ืœื•ืคืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืœืึธื“ื–ืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื™.ืง. ื“ืขืจืฐื•ึผืกื˜ ืึทื– ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืจื•ื™ ืžื™ื˜ 
ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื“ืจืฒึท ื–ื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจื˜ืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึทืŸ ืื•ืžื‘ืึทืฐื•ึผืกื˜ืŸ ืึธืจื˜. ื ืึธืš ื˜ืขื’ ืื•ืŸ ื ืขื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ืžื–ื™ื›ืขืจืงื™ื™ื˜ 
ืื•ืŸ ืฉืœืึธืคึผืœืึธื–ื™ืงืฒื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจืฐื•ึผืกื˜ ืึทื– ืคืึทืจื˜ืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืงืจืึธืงืข.:: ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ 
ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ืฆืขื‘ืจืึธื›ื ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืงืึธืจื ื™ืึทื ืกืงื™, ื™-ืง'ืก ืึทืŸ ืึทื˜ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืงืึทื ื˜ืขืจ, ืึทื– 
ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืกื•ืฃ 1939 ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื–ืฉื•ื™ื ื˜-ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธืคืŸ ื™.ืง. ืฐืึทืจื˜ื ื“ื™ืง ืึทื– ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ื“ื–ืฉื•ื™ื ื˜-ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ืึธืจืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ืื™ื ืื•ื™ืคื ืขืžืขืŸ. ืงืึธืจื ื™ืึทื ืกืงื™ ื‘ืึทื˜ืึธื ื˜ ืึทื– ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื›ึผืžืขื˜ ื•ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจืงืขื ื˜, 
ื–ืฒึทื™ืŸ ืื™ื ืขืจืœืขื›ืข ืฆืขื‘ืจืึธื›ื ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ื– ืื™ื ื’ืขืœืขื’ืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืคึผื ื™ื 34 


5 


ื ืึธืš ื“ืขื ื•ื™ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืžืฉืคึผื—ื” ืื™ื– ืึธื ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจึถืฉืข, ืื™ืŸ ื™ืึทื ื•ืึทืจ 1940, ื”ืึธื˜ ื™.ืง. ื‘ืึทืฉืœืึธืกืŸ ืึทืœืฅ ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ 
ื›ึผื“ื™ ืึทืฐืขืงืฆื•ืคืึธืจืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ. ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืกื•ืฃ 1939 ืื•ืŸ ืึทืคึผืจื™ืœ 1940 ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉืŸ ื“ืขืจืžืขื’ืœืขื›ื˜ ื“ืขื 
ืึทืจืฑืกืคืึธืจืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ. ืึท ืคึผืึธืจ ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื•ืกืคึผื™ึดืขื˜ ืึทืจืฑืกืฆื•ืคึผืึธืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืฑืœืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืจื™ืขืกื˜ ืื•ืŸ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ -- ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ. ืฆืฐื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึทื ื“ื™ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืขื•ืœื” ืฆื• ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืืจืฅื™ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ, ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืข 
ืื™ื ืกื˜ื™ื˜ื•ืฆื™ืขืก, ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ. ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ื™ื ืขื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข 
ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืจื™ืขืกื˜. ืึทืœืฅ ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ 
ื ืกื™ืขื”, ืึทืคื™ืœื• ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทื’ืึทื–ืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžืฉืคึผื—ื” ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืึทืฐืขืงื’ืขืฉื™ืงื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืืจืฅ- 
ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ. ืคึผืœื•ืฆืขื ืื™ื– ืื™ื ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืึทืคึผืจื™ืœ 1940, ืึทื– ืก'ืื™ื– ืžืขืจ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืžืขื’ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ 
ืคืึทืจืึทืŸ ืึทืฐืขืงืฆื•ืคืึธืจืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ, ืื•ืŸ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ืกื•ืžืขืก ื’ืขืœื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืึทืฆืึธืœื˜ -- ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจ 
ืื™ื ืื•ื™ืš ืคืึทืจืœืึธืจืŸ.'* ื™-ืง'ืก ื“ืขืจืฉืœืึธื’ื ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึทื–ืฑ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืึทื– ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืึทืจืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ืคืœื•ื ื’ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ 
ืคืึทืจืคื™ืจื˜ ืึท ืกื›ืกื•ืš ืžื™ื˜ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืœ. ื‘ืœืึธืš, ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืงืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืจืฒึทื™ ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืข ื›ึผืœืœ-ื˜ื•ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ 
ื–ื™ืš ืคืึทืจื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืขืžื™ื’ืจืึทืฆื™ืข ืคึผืึทืคึผื™ืจืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข. ื™.ืง. ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื‘ืึทืฉื•ืœื“ื™ืงื˜, ื•ื™ 
ืขืก ืฐืฒึทื–ื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ืึธืŸ ืจืขื›ื˜, ืื™ืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ืคืึทืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืขืœื™ื”. ** ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธื–ื™ื˜ื™ื•ื•ืข ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืœืขื›ืข ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทืœื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท 
ื›ึผืœืœ-ื˜ื•ืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจืฉืฒื™ื“ืขื ืข ืžืงื•ืจื™ื ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื.ืœ. ื‘ืœืึธืš ื‘ืึทื˜ืึธื ื˜ ื ืึธืš ื‘ื•ืœื˜ืขืจ ื™.ืง'ืก 
ืคืึทืจืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ืคืœื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืคืจื•ืกื˜ืจื™ืจื•ื ื’; ื™.ืง. ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขืงืขื ื˜ ืืฒึทื ื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฆืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืฆืึธืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ื™ื™ 
ืื™ื ื’ืขืคืึธื“ืขืจื˜ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขืœื˜.'* ื™-ืง'ืก ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื˜ืขืจื˜ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ืžืขืจ ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ืึทืจืงื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ืŸ ืคืึทืงื˜ 
ืฐืึธืก ื“ื™ ืจืฒึทื–ืข-ืึทื’ืขื ื˜ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคืจื™ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืฉืขืคื˜ื™ืงื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืึธืคึผืคึผืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืคึผืจื™ืฐื•ืึทื˜ ื‘ืึทืฆืึธืœื˜ ืึท 
ื”ืขื›ืขืจืข ืกื•ืžืข, ืื•ืŸ ื™.ืง. ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืขื ื”ื˜, ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึธืŸ ืจืขื›ื˜, ืึทื– ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื ื“ื˜ ืคึผืขืจื–ืขื ืœืขืš ืฆื• 
ืึท ืจืฒึทื–ืข-ืึธื’ืขื ื˜ื•ืจ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ ื‘ืึทืฆืึธืœื˜, ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืขื ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื›ึผืœืœ-ื˜ื•ืขืจ, ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืขืจ 
ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื”ืึทื˜ ืึทืฐืขืงื’ืขืคืึธืจืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ, ื’ืœื™ื™ืš ื•ื™ ืขืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืขืก ื˜ืึทืงืข ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ.** ืœื•ื˜ ื•ื™ ื ืชืŸ 
ืขืง ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืขื ื™ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ื‘ืฒึท ื™.ืง. ืึท ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ืฐื•ึผื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื 
ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึธืคึผื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทืฉืฐืขืจื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขืžื™ื˜. ื ืชืŸ ืขืง, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื™.ืง. ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืœืขื‘ื˜ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืข 
ืฆืฒึทื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืฐื™ื˜ืขืœ ืœืึทื’ืขืจ, ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื ืึธืš ืžืขืจ: "ื‘ื™ื–ืŸ ืœืขืฆื˜ืŸ ืžืึธืžืขื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืคืึทืจื’ืขื“ืขื ืงื˜ ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ืขืจืข ืึทื ื˜ืฑืฉื•ื ื’". 59 

ืขืก ื–ืขื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืชึผืงื•ืคื” ืคื•ืŸ ื™-ืง'ืก ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข, ืื™ื– ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืœืฒึทื›ื˜ืข ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ, ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ 
ืฆืขืฉื™ื™ื“ื•ื ื’ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืื™ื ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืžืฉืคึผื—ื” ืฆื• ืขืจืฉื˜, ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืขืœื™ื”-ืคึผืœืขื ืขืจ ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืฆื• ื ื™ืฉื˜ 
ื’ืขืžืึทื›ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉืคึผืึทื ื˜ืข ื‘ืึทืฆื™ึธื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆืฐื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืื™ื ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข ืกืขืงื˜ืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ 
ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคึผื˜ืœืขื›ืงืฒื˜. ืคืึทืจ ื™.ืง. ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืกื•ืฃ ืกื•ืฃ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ืคืจืขืžื“ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข ืื•ืŸ ืึทื”ื™ืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึธืŸ 
ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืึทืจืžืขื’ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจื›ืึทืคึผื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืึธืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืžืฉืคึผื—ื”, ืื™ื– ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืชึผืงื•ืคื” ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ 
ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ืข ื‘ืึทืฉืฐืขืจื ื“ื™ืงืข ืคืึทืงื˜ืึธืจืŸ, ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ื‘ื™ื– ื’ืึธืจ ื‘ื™ื˜ืขืจืข. ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ืคืึทืจ ืื™ื- ื–ืฒึทืขื ื“ื™ืง 
ื•ื™ ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ื’ืขืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜ ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคื˜ืœืขื›ืขืจ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ-ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜, ืึทืคึผื™ืœื• ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืŸ ื ืึทืฆึตื™ 
ืจืขื–ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขืช ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืฐืึธื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึธืงื•ืคึผื™ืจื˜ืขืจ ืœืึธื“ื–ืฉ. ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืžืฆื‘ ืื™ืŸ ืœืึธื“ื–ืฉ 
ื’ืœืฒึทืš ื ืึธืš ื“ืขื ื•ื™ ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืึธืงื•ืคึผื™ืจื˜, ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื™.ืง. ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืื™ื–ืึธืœื™ืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืึทืŸ ืึธื ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืื™ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคื˜ืœืขื›ืขืจ ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืื™ืŸ ืœืึธื“ื–ืฉ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉืขืจ ืึธืงื•ืคึผืึทืฆื™ืข. ื ื™ืฉื˜ 
ื•ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข, ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœืึธื“ื–ืฉ ื“ืขืจืžืขื’ืœืขื›ื˜ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ื–ืึธืœืŸ ืขืคืขื ืขืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืฉื•ืœืŸ, ืคื•ืŸ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ืึธืŸ - 
ืœื›ืœ ื”ืคึผื—ื•ืช ืคื•ืŸ ืคึฟืึธืจืžืขืœืŸ ืฉื˜ืึทื ื“ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜. ื‘ืขืช ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื”ืขืœืคื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึธืงื˜ืึธื‘ืขืจ 1939 ื”ืึธื˜ ืž.ื—. 
ืจื•ืžืงืึธื•ื•ืกืงื™ ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜ ืึท ืงืึธืžื™ืกื™ืข ืคืึทืจืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ื—ื™ื ื•ืš, ืื•ืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืื™ืจืข 
ืžื™ื˜ื’ืœื™ื“ืขืจ.* ื“ื™ ืงืึธืžื™ืกื™ืข ืื™ื– ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ืึทื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ึดืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ื’ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ื‘ืฒึทืจืึทื˜, ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ 

26 


ื™ื™ึดื“ื ืจืึทื˜ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืงื–ื™ืกื˜ื™ืจื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืื™ื™ืŸ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ. ื“ื™ ื ืึธืžื™ื ื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืฒึทืจืึทื˜-ืžื™ื˜ื’ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืฆืขืฉื™ืงื˜ 
ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื“ืขื 16 ืึธืงื˜ืึธื‘ืขืจ 1939, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึธืžื™ืกื™ืข ืคืึทืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื“ืขื 18ื˜ืŸ 
ืึธืงื˜ืึธื‘ืขืจ. ื ืึธื›ืŸ 11ื˜ืŸ ื ืึธื•ื•ืขืžื‘ืขืจ, ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืึทืจืขืกื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืžืึธืจื“ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื›ึผืžืขื˜ ืึทืœืข ื‘ืฒึทืจืึทื˜-ืžื™ื˜ื’ืœื™ื“ืขืจ, ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื“ื™ ื’ืขืกื˜ืึทืคึผืึธ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืจื™ื›ื˜ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘-ื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื˜ืŸ ื‘ืฒึทื™ ืึทืœืข ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ื›ึผืœืœ-ื˜ื•ืขืจ. ื“ืึทืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ื™ ืงืึธืžื™ืกื™ืข ืคืึทืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ 
ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืฆืขืคืึทืœืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจืข ืžื™ื˜ื’ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ืฑื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ืึทื ื˜ืœืฑืคืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืœืึธื“ื–ืฉ. ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ, ื•ื™ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜, ืื™ื– 
ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™.'* ื“ืขืจ ื ืึทืฆื™-ื˜ืขืจืึธืจ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืึทืŸ ืฆืขื‘ื•ืฉืขื•ื•ืขื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ ื’ืขืฆื™ืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ 
ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคึผื˜ืœืขื›ืŸ ืกืขืงื˜ืึธืจ ืฐื•ึผ ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืš ืคืจื™ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืขืจ ืึธื ื’ืขืฐืขื ื“ืขื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ 
ืฆื•ื ืกืึทืžืข ื”ืึทืจืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืจื™ืฉืข ืื•ืŸ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ-ืงืจืฒึทื™ื–ืŸ. ื“ืขื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ื ืึธื•ื•ืขืžื‘ืขืจ 1939 ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉืŸ 
ื‘ืึทืคืึทืœืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืึทืคืข "ืึทืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืึท", ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืฐื•ึผืกื˜ืกื˜ืข ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคื˜ืจืขืฃ-ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœืึธื“ื–ืฉ, ื•ื• ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ, 
ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืขืกืงื ื™ื ืคืœืขื’ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื˜ืจืขืคืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื ื ื™ืฉื˜-ืคึผืึธืจืžืึทืœืŸ ืื•ืคืŸ, ื‘ืžืฉืš ื™ืึธืจืŸ. ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื–ื™ ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ืื•ื™ืš 
ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื™ื™ืง. ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืงืจืฒึทื–.:* ื“ื™ ื‘ื ื™ื ื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ื’ื™ืžื ืึทื–ื™ืขืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืงืึธื ืคื™ืกืงื™ืจื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฐืึทื ื“ืœื˜ 
ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขืกื˜ืึทืคึผืึธื“ื‘ื™ื•ืจืึธืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืฒึทื ื™ืงื•ื ื’ืก ืขืจื˜ืขืจ. ืื•ื™ืš ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ื’ื™ืžื ืึทื–ื™ืข ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื’ืึทื ืฆืขืจ ื‘ื ื™ืŸ, ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืึธื ืคืึทื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืœ-ืงืœืึทืกืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจื’ืึธืจื˜ืŸ-ืฆื™ืžืขืจืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืงืึธื ืคื™ืกืงื™ืจื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ,:* ื™. 
;ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ื’ื™ืžื ืึทื–ื™ืข ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจืฐืึทื ื“ืœื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืงืึทื–ืึทืจืžืข, ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื”ืึธื‘-ืื•ืŸ-ื’ื•ื˜ืก ืื™ื– ืฆืขืจื•ื™ื‘ื˜ 
ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ, ื“ืขืจ ืกืคึผืึธืจื˜-ื–ืึทืœ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ื™ืžื ืึทื–ื™ืข ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจืฐืึทื ื“ืœื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื–ืึทืžืœืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ืคืึทืจ 
ื’ืขื›ืึทืคึผื˜ืข ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜, ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ ื’ืขืคึผืฒึทื ื™ืงื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ ืฆืขืฉื™ืงื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ 
ืฆืฐืึทื ื’ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜.** | 

ื™ื™ืง'ืก ืื•ื™ืกื–ื™ื›ื˜ืŸ ืฆื• ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืฆื™ ืึทืŸ ืึธื ืฉืคึผืึทืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ืชึผืงื•ืคื”, ื‘ืžืฉืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื 
ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ื”ืึทืœื‘ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ, ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืขืกื˜ืข. ืขืจ ืึทืœืฒืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธืคึผื™ืฆื™ืขืœ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ืฆื• ืงื™ื™ืŸ 
ืฉื•ื ืคึผืึธืœื™ื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืจื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’, ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืขื ื“ื™ืง ืคึผืจืึธืคึฟืขืกื™ืึธื ืขืœ ืคืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืกืขืงื˜ืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืคึผืจื™ื•ื•ืึทื˜ืŸ ื—ื™ื ื•ืš 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข ื–ื™ืš ืึธื ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธืคืŸ, ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื˜, ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืขืจ ืงืึธื ืงื•ืจืขื ืฅ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืคึผืจื™ื•ื•ืึทื˜ืข ืฉื•ืœืŸ, ืื•ืŸ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืžืฆื‘ ืื™ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœื’ืขืžืฒืŸ, ื ืึธืš ื“ืขื ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ 
ืคึผืึทืจืฐืขืจื˜ ืฆื• ืขืคืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื•ืœืŸ, ืฐื™ ืื•ื™ืš ื™ืขื“ืข ืคึผืจื™ื•ื•ืึทื˜ืข ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื•ื ื’ ืึธืŸ ืึท ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืขืœืขืจ ื“ืขืจืœื•ื™ื‘ืขื ื™ืฉ. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืฆืฒึทื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื™.ืง. ื’ืขืœืขื‘ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึธืจืขืžืงืฒื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืžื•ื–ื˜ ืคืึทืจืงื•ื™ืคืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืคึผืขืจื–ืขื ืœืขื›ืข ื—ืคืฆื™ื. ** 

ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืกืœืึธื–ืข ืœืขืจืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ืžืึธืœ ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก ืึทืŸ ืืฑืกื•ื•ืขื’ ื›ึผื“ื™ ื–ื™ืš 
ืึธืคึผืฆื•ืจืึทื˜ืขืฐืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื’ืขืจ, ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ื™ืจื ื“ื™ืง "ืงืึธืžืคึผืœืขื˜ืŸ", ืงืœื™ื™ื ืข ื’ืจื•ืคึผืขืก ืชึผืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืฐืึธืก ืคืœืขื’ืŸ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ 
ืึท ืคึผืึธืจ ืฉืขื” ืฆื•ื ืœืขืจืขืจ ืึทื”ื™ื™ื ื–ื™ืš ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ.* ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึธืงื•ืคึผื™ืจื˜ืขืจ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข, 
ื‘ืžืฉืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื•ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ 1939, ืื™ื– ื™.ืง. ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฐืฒึทื™ื–ื˜ ืื•ื™ืก, ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืกืœืึธื–ืข ืœืขืจืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืœื™ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืขืœื˜ 
ืื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื’ืขืจ. ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืชึผืงื•ืคื” ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ืจืข ืื™ื‘ืขืจืœืขื‘ืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืžืŸ ื”ืกืชื ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืจื•ื ื˜ ืคืึทืจ ื™ื™ืง'ืก 
ืืฑื˜ืึธื‘ื™ืึธื’ืจืึทืคึผื™ืฉืข "ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื’ืขืจ" ืื•ืŸ "ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืขืœื˜". ื“ื™ ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื˜ืึทืงืข ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ 
ืขืจืฉื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื™ืึธืจ, ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ (ืื™ืŸ ืžืึทื™ 1941 ืื•ืŸ ืคืขื‘ืจื•ืึทืจ 1942), ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื–ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ื–ื™ืš, ืื•ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืฃ 
ื™ืขื ืข ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืข ืื™ื‘ืขืจืœืขื‘ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ. 

ื‘ืžืฉืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ 1940/1939 ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืฑื™ืคึผื˜ ื‘ืึทื“ื™ื ื’ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจ ื™.ืง'ืก ืขืœื ื˜ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ 
ืฐืึทืจืฉืข ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ: ื’ื™ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงืข ืคึผืึทืจืงืœืขืžืขื ื™ืฉ, ืงืขืœื˜, ื”ื•ื ื’ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืกืœืึธื–ื™ืงืฒื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆืขืฉื˜ืขืจื•ื ื’ 
ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจื‘ืึธื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ื—ื™ื ื•ืš.'* ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืจื™ืคื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืง. ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ 
ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืึทื– ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึทืŸ ื˜ืึทืงืข ื’ืึธืจื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ, ื—ื•ืฅ ืืคืฉืจ ื“ื™ 16 ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื“ "ืื•ื™ืฃ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืžืึธืœ", 
ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืึธืŸ ืึท ื“ืึทื˜ืข. ืžื™ืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืžืฉืขืจ ืึทื– ืขืก ืฉื˜ืึทืžื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืชึผืงื•ืคื”. 

ืคื•ืŸ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืžืึทื™ 1940 ืœืขืจืš, ืื™ื– ืคืึธืจื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึท ื’ืจื•ื ื˜ื™ืงืข ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื™-ืงื™ืก ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 


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ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื—ืœื•ืฆื™ืฉืขืจ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข -- ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืึธื ืคืึทื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจืขืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ืึทืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืจื•ืจ-ื”ื—ืœื•ืฅ- 
ื‘ืึทืฐื•ืขื’ื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ืื•ืฃ ื“ื–ื™ืขืœื ืึท 34. ื‘ืžืฉืš ืžืึทื™ื™ื™ื•ื ื™ 1940 ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื™.ืง. ื‘ืึทืคืจืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืึธื ืžืึทื›ื˜ื™ืงืฒื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืฒึทืกื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืคึผืึทืจืึทืœื™ื–ื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื‘ืึทืคึผืึทืœืŸ, ื ืึธืš ื“ืขื ืฐื™ ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทื ืขืŸ ืฆื• 
ื“ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ืขืจื™ืฉืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ-ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทื•ื•ืขื’ื•ื ื’. ื™ืฆื—ืง ืฆื•ืงืขืจืžืึทืŸ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื: "ื‘ืึทืœื“ 
ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ืฆืขืฉื˜ืขืจื˜ืข ืึธืคึผืฆืฐืฒึทื’ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื“ืจื•ืจ' ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ, ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทื•ื•ืขื’ื•ื ื’ ืึทืจืฑืก ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืŸ 
ืื™ื ื™ืฆื™ืึทื˜ื™ื•ื• ืฆื• ืคืึทืจื–ืึทืžืœืขืŸ ืงืึธื ืกืคึผื™ืจืึทื˜ื™ื• ืึท ืคึผืึธืจ ืฆืขื ื“ืœื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจืข ืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ืข ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธืฐื™ื ืฅ ืื•ืŸ 
ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข, ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ื–ืขืงืก-ืฐืึธื›ื™ืงืŸ ืกืขืžื™ื ืึทืจ. ื›ึผืœืœ-ื˜ื•ืขืจ ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืฆื•ืฆื•ื”ืขืœืคืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš 
ืึธืคึผื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ืžื•ืจื ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ืกื›ึผื ื” ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ. ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืฐืึทืจื˜ืŸ 
ื‘ื™ื– ืก'ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืจื•ื™ึดืงืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ. ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืœืฒึทืš ืฆื•ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธื˜ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜".* ื“ื™ ืกื™ื‘ื” ืคืึทืจ 
ื“ืขืจ ืคืึทืจืฉืคึผืขื˜ื™ืงื•ื ื’ ื‘ืฒึทื ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ืื•ื™ืคืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืึธืขื ื˜ืข ื‘ืึทืฆื™ึธื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆืฐื™ืฉืŸ ื™.ืง. ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืจื•ืจ-ื”ื—ืœื•ืฅ- 
ื‘ืึทืฐืขื’ื•ื ื’, ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ืึทืคึผืจืฒึทื ื“ืขื˜ ื‘ืžืฉืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ืฆืขืŸ ื™ืึธืจ, ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ 
ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืžืœื—ืžื”-ืื•ื™ืกื‘ืจื•ืš ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืฉืคึผืขื” ืคื•ืŸ ืงืจื™ื’ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืึทื ืฆืขืจ ื‘ืึทื•ื•ืขื’ื•ื ื’. ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข 
ืึธืคึผืฆืฐืฒึทื’ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทื•ืขื’ื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ืœืึธื“ื–ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜, ื“ื™ ืžื™ื˜ื’ืœื™ื“ืขืจ 
ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆืขื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ. ื“ืึธืก ืจื•ื‘ ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅื“ื”ื›ืฉืจื” ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืจ ื‘ืึธืจืึธื›ืึธื•ื• ืื™ืŸ ืœืึธื“ื–ืฉ ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืžืขืŸ 
ื™.ืง. ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ืคึผืจืฒึทื ื“ืฉืึทืคื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ื“ืขื™ืฉ, ืื™ื– ืžื™ื˜ื’ืขืจื™ืกืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืฉื˜ืจืึธื ืคึผืœื™ื˜ื™ื 
ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึทื ื“ืขืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข, ื‘ืึทืœื“ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืฐืึธื›ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžืœื—ืžื”. 
ืื•ื™ืš ื“ื™ ืึธื ืคึผื™ืจืขืจืฉืึทืคึผื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื—ืœื•ืฅ-ืฆืขื ื˜ืจืึทืœืข ืื™ื– ืฆืขืฉืคึผืจืฒื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฆืขื–ื™ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืคึผืฑืœืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืึท 
ื”ื™ืคึผืฉืข ืคึผืึธืจ ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข ืื™ื– ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืึทืŸ ืึธื ืคื™ืจื•ื ื’.* ืœืฑื˜ . 
ื•ื™ ืฆื‘ื™ื” ืœื•ื‘ืขื˜ืงื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจืข ื–ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืช, ืื™ื– ื–ื™ ืึธื ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข ืขืจืฉื˜ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ื™ืึทื ื•ืึทืจ 1940, 
ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื‚ื˜ืขืจ ื“ืจื•ืจ-ืงืึธื ืคืขืจืขื ืฅ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืคืึธืจื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืงืึธื ืกืคึผื™ืจืึทื˜ื™ื•ื• ืื™ืŸ ืจื•ืกื™ืฉ-ื‘ืึทืฐืขืœื˜ื™ืงื˜ืŸ 
ืœืขืžื‘ืขืจื’. ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธื ืคืขืจืขื ืฅ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื“ืึทืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื’ืจื•ื ื˜ืœื™ื ื™ืขืก ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจื“ื™ืงืขืจ 
ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื ืึทืฆื™-ืึธืงื•ืคึผื™ืจื˜ืŸ ืคึผืฑืœืŸ: ื–ื•ื›ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืืจืฅื™ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทื ืฒึทืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืงื–ื™ืกื˜ืขื ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื•ื’ื ื˜- 
ื‘ืึทืฐืขื’ื•ื ื’. ื‘ืืžืช ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืจื•ืจ-ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข, ื–ื™ืš ืคึฟืึทืจื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืžืึธื ืึทื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ 
0 ืžื™ื˜ ืกืึธืฆื™ืึทืœืขืจ ื”ื™ืœืฃ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื ืขืจืœืขื›ืขืจ ืจืขืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ืึทืฆื™ืข. ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขืžืึทื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืžื™ื˜ 
ื™ื•ื’ื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธืคึผืฆืฐืฒึทื’ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทื•ื•ืขื’ื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ืฆื• ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืจื™ื™ื“ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทึทื˜. ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทื•ื•ืขื’ื•ื ื’ ืขืจืฉื˜ ืึทืงื˜ื™ื• ืคืึทืจื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื ืึธืš ื“ืขื ืฐื™ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืฆื•ืงืขืจืžืึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื” ื‘ืึธื–ืฉื™ืงืึธื•ื•ืกืงื™ 
ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืคึผืึธืจ ืžืึธื ืึทื˜ืŸ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ.ืค5 

ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืจื•ื•ืจ-ื”ื—ืœื•ืฅ-ื‘ืึทื•ื•ืขื’ื•ื ื’ ื‘ืขืช ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜-ืžืœื—ืžื”, ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื—ื“ืฉื™ื 
ืกืขืคึผื˜ืขืžื‘ืขืจ 1939-- ืึทืคึผืจื™ืœ 1940 ืื™ื™ืŸ ืœืึทื ื’ืขืจ ืคึผืขืจื™ืึธื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื ืคืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข-ื–ื•ื›ืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืฐืขื’ื•ื ื’- 
ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ึผื“ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื ืฒึท ืฆื• ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธืคึผื ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ืข ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆืขืฉื˜ืขืจื˜ืข ืจืึทืžืขืŸ. ื‘ืžืฉืš ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื™ื™ืง. ืคืึทืจืœืึธืจืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืึธื ื˜ืึทืงื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืฐืขื’ื•ื ื’, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื‘ืึทื ืฒึทื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืง 
ืฆื•ืงืขืจืžืึทืŸ ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืึทืคึผืจื™ืœ 1940 ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืš ื“ืขื ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทื•ื•ืขื’ื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœื’ืขืžืฒืŸ ืื™ื– 
ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืขื˜ืึทืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืึทื ื˜ืฐื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ ื‘ืขืช ื“ืขืจ ืžืœื—ืžื” -- ื‘ืฒึทื™ื ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื•ื’ื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทื ืฒึทืขืŸ ื“ื™ 
ื”ื›ืฉืจื•ืช. ื‘ืžืฉืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืึธื ืึทื˜ืŸ ืžืึทื™ื ืึธืฐื•ืขืžื‘ืขืจ (ื‘ื™ื–ืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืงื•ื ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ) ื“ืขืจื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืฆื• 
ืื™ืจ ื”ืขื›ืกื˜ืŸ ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜, ื’ืœืฒึทื›ืฆืฒึทื˜ื™ืง ืื•ื™ืฃ ืคึฟืึทืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข ืื•ืŸ ืฆืึธืœืจืฒึทื›ืข ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจืขืœืข ืื•ืŸ ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ืึทืฆื™ืึธื ืขืœืข 
ื’ืขื‘ื™ื˜ืŸ.!? ื ืึธืš ื“ืขื ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ืคึฟืึทืจืฉืฒื“ืขื ืข ืฆืขื ื˜ืขืจืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืจื•ืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ 
ืคึผืœืึทื ื™ืจื˜ืขืจ ืฆืขื ื˜ืจืึทืœืขืจ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืขืจื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืกืขืžื™ื ืึทืจ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข, ืฐื•ึผ ืก'ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืึทื˜ืฒืœื™ืงื˜ ื“ืจื•ืจ" 
ืžื™ื˜ื’ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจืฉืฒื“ืขื ืข ืฉื˜ืขื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื˜ืœืขืš, ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืคืึทืจ ืึท ืฆื™ืœ ืฆื•ืฆื•ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื’ืจื•ืคึผืขืก ื™ื•ื ื’ืข 


28 


ืžื“ืจื™ื›ื™ื ืฐืึธืก ื–ืึธืœืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ืคืึธืจื–ืขืฆืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ืขืจื™ืฉืขืจ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื™ื•ื’ื ื˜. ืึท 
ืงื•ืจืฆืข ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ, ืื™ืŸ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื™ื•ื ื™, ืื™ื– ื‘ืึทืฉืœืึธืกืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ื‘ืึทืจืึทื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆืขื ื˜ืจืึทืœืข ืคื•ืŸ 
ื”ื—ืœื•ืฅ, ืฆื• ื’ืจื™ื ื“ืŸ ื‘ืฒึท ื“ืขืจ ื™ื•ื’ื ื˜-ื‘ืึทื•ื•ืขื’ื•ื ื’ ื“ืจื•ืจ ืึทืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืขืจื“ื™ืฉืข ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉ-ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ื’ื™ืžื ืึทื–ื™ืข. ืื™ืŸ 
ืืฑื™ื’ื•ืกื˜ 1940 ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ืฑื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืœืึทืกืŸ. ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืึธืก ืžืึธืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทื•ื•ืขื’ื•ื ื’ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื ื“ื˜ ืฆื• ื™.ืง. 
ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื ืคืึธืจื’ืขืœืฒื™ื’ื˜ ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ึดืฉ ืื•ืŸ ืชึผื "ืš, ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ืคืึธืจืฉืœืึธื’ ืึธื ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ. 

ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ืึธื ื˜ืฒืœ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื•ื™ ืึท ืœืขืงื˜ืึธืจ ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœืข ื“ืจืฒึท ืกืขืžื™ื ืึทืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืจื•ืจ, ื•ื™ 
ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข ืงื•ืจืกืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืฐื•ืขื’ื•ื ื’. ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืกืขืžื™ื ืึทืจ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืึธื ื˜ืฒื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ 45 ื™ื•ื’ื ื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืคื•ืŸ 23 
ืฉื˜ืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื ืขืจืึทืœ-ื’ื•ื‘ืขืจื ื™ืข, ืื™ื– ืคืึธืจื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืš ื™ื•ื ื™-ื™ื•ืœื™ 1940. ืึท ืฆืฐื™ื™-ืฐืึธื›ืŸ ืงื•ืจืก ืคืึทืจ 
ืื™ื ืกื˜ืจื•ืงื˜ืึธืจื™ื ืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ-ื•ื•ื™ื ืงืœืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืกืึธืฆื™ืึทืœืขืจ ืึทืœืฒื ื”ื™ืœืฃ, ืื™ื– ืคืึธืจื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ 
ืืฑื’ื•ืกื˜ 1940 ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทื˜ืฒืœื™ืงื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ 25 ืึธื ื˜ื™ื™ืœ-ื ืขืžืขืจื™ื ืก. ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ืฆืขื ื˜ืจืึทืœืขืจ ืกืขืžื™ื ืึทืจ, ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื’ืขื“ื•ื™ืขืจื˜ ืึท ืžืึธื ืึทื˜ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืžื™ื˜ 32 ืึธื ื˜ืฒื™ืœ-ื ืขืžืขืจืก. ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืคืึธืจื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืึทื ื•ืึทืจ 1941. ื“ืขืจ ื“ืจื™ื˜ืขืจ 
ืฆืขื ื˜ืจืึทืœืขืจ ืกืขืžื™ื ืึทืจ, ืžื™ื˜ 42 ืึธื ื˜ืฒื™ืœ-ื ืขืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ 8 ืฉื˜ืขื˜, ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืฆืขืžื‘ืขืจ 1941 - ื™ืึทื ื•ืึทืจ 
2. 

ื“ื™ ื’ื™ืžื ืึทื–ื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืจื•ืจ, ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ื™.ืง. ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ืœืขืจืขืจ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืงื–ื™ืกื˜ื™ืจื˜ ื‘ืžืฉืš ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืœืขืจื ื™ืึธืจ: 
0 ืื•ืŸ 1942/1941. ื›ึผืžืขื˜ ืึทืœืข ืชึผืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืชึผืœืžื™ื“ื™ื-ื’ืจื•ืคึผืขืก ืžื™ื˜ืŸ 
ื ืึธืžืขืŸ "ื‘ืžืขืœื”", ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœืข ื“ืจืฒึท ืกืขืžื™ื ืึทืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืฐืขื’ื•ื ื’ ื•ื™ ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืงื•ืจืก ืคืึทืจ ื“ื™ 
ืื™ื ืกื˜ืจื•ืงื˜ืึธืจื™ื ืก ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ-ื•ื•ื™ื ืงืœืขืŸ -- ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึธื ื˜ืฒืœ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืคื•ืŸ "ื‘ืžืขืœื”". 
ื“ื™ ืึทื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ืขื ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ "ื‘ืžืขืœื”" ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืฑืคึผื˜ืงืขืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืจื•ืจ-ื‘ืึทื•ื•ืขื’ื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ 
ืฐืึทืจืฉืข,?* ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ื›ึผื•ื— ืฆื• ื“ืขืจื•ื•ืขืงืŸ ืขื ื˜ื•ื–ื™ืึทื–ื ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืชึผื "ืš-ืœืขืงืฆื™ืขืก ื‘ืฒึท ื–ืฒึทื ืข 
ืชึผืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคื™ืœ ืึทืจืฑืกื–ืึธื’ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืชึผืงื•ืคื” ืฐืึธืก ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื•ื•ืขืœื˜-ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช, 
ื•ื™ ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ.?* ื“ืึธืก ืฆื•ืจื™ืงืงืขืจืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืชึผืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืื•ืŸ ื™ื•ื’ื ื˜ ื“ืขืจื•ื•ืขืงื˜ 
ืื•ื™ืš ื‘ืฒึท ื™.ืง. ืึท ื ืฒึทืข ืฉืึทืคึผืขืจื™ืฉืข ืขื ืขืจื’ื™ืข. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืขืจ ืึธืŸ ื“ืจื•ืงืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื ืฒึทื™ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืขื ืข 
ื•ื•ืขืจืง ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืขืจื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืคึผืจืขืกืข ืคื•ืŸ "ื“ืจื•ืจ". ืคื™ื ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืฉืึทืคื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ 
ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืชึผืžื•ื– ืช"ืฉ ื•ึทื™ื•ืœื™ 1940} ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉ"ื (ืึธืงื˜ืึธื‘ืขืจ 11940, ื ืึธืš ืคืึทืจืŸ ืื™ึทื™ื ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื“ื™ 
ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข. ืื™ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ืชึผืงื•ืคื” ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฉืึทืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื›ึผืžึผืขื˜ ืึทืœืข 
ืึธื ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืขื ืข ืฐืขืจืง ื–ืฒื™ื ืข ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ื’ืขื’ืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฆืฒึทื˜ืฉืจื™ืคื˜ "ื“ืจื•ืจ", ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืขืจื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืฆืขื ื˜ืจืึทืœืขืจ 
ืึธืจื’ืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืจื•ืจ-ื‘ืึทื•ืขื’ื•ื ื’. 

ื“ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜-ืคึผืขืจื™ืึธื“ ืžืึทืฒื™ื ืึธืฐื•ืขืžื‘ืขืจ 1940 ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืจืึทื›ื˜ ืฆื• ืึท ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื ื“ื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื™-ืง'ืก ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ 
ืฉืึทืคืŸ, ืึทืคื™ืœื• ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจื’ืœืฒึทืš ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืชึผืงื•ืคื” ืคื•ืŸ ืขืจื‘ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜-ืžืœื—ืžื”. ื“ื™ ืคื™ืœืคืึทื›ื™ืงืข ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ 
ืฐืึธืก ื™ื™ืง. ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึทืŸ ืึทื ื˜ืฐื™ืงืœื˜, ื”ืึธื˜ ื•ื™ ืขืก ื–ืขื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ืคืึทืจื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฆืข ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืขื ืขืจื’ื™ืข. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืชืงื•ืคื” ืื™ื– ืขืจ, ื•ื™ ืขืก ื•ื•ืฒึทื–ื˜ ืื•ื™ืก, ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืง ื ืึธืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืขื˜-ืจืึทืžืขืŸ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ืจื•ืจ-ื”ื—ืœื•ืฅ. ื•ื™ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ 
ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขืฐื™ื–ืŸ, ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคึผืขืจื–ืขื ืœืขื›ืข ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช (ื–ืข ื”ืขืจื•ืช ื ื•ืž' 35, 39) ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข 
ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ื’ืขืงืขื ื˜ ืคื™ืจืŸ ืฆื• ื™.ืง'ืก ืื™ื–ืึธืœืึทืฆื™ืข ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆืขื ื˜ืจืึทืœืข ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคึผื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื•ื ื’ืก-ืจืึทืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข. ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื“ืึทืจืฃ ืžืขืŸ ืฆื•ืจืขื›ืขื ืขืŸ ืึท ื“ืจื™ื˜ืŸ ืžืขื’ืœืขื›ืŸ ืžืงื•ืจ ืคืึทืจ ืฉืคึผืึทื ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ 
ื™ื™ืง. ืื•ืŸ ืฆืขื ื˜ืจืึทืœืข ืคึผืขืจื–ืขื ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคึผื˜ืœืขื›ืงืฒื˜. ืฐื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ื™ื˜ ื™ื•ืกืฃ 
ืงืึธืจื ื™ืึทื ืกืงื™ ืึทืŸ ืึธื ืฆื•ื”ืขืจืขื ื™ืฉ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉืข ืคึผืจื˜ื™ื. ืขืก ืงืขืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืึทื– ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืจื™ื™ื“ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ 
ืคืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื“ื–ืฉืฑื™ื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ/ืึธื“ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืกืึธืฆื™ืึทืœืข ืึทืœืฒื ื”ื™ืœืฃ, ืขืจ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื˜: "ื“ื™ ื“ืจืฒึทืกื˜ืงืฒื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 
ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื‘ืึทื•ื•ืขื’ื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจืข ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื“ืขืจืžื•ื˜ื™ืงื˜ (ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืขืŸ), ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจ 


39 


ืื™ื ืึท ืงืฐืึทืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืจื™ื™ืกื˜, :ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึทืœื™ื™ืŸ ืึทืœืฅ ืžืขืจ ืฆื•ื’ืขืฆื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืฆื• ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜. ืžื™ืจ 
ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขืคืึทื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื• ื–ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื ืึทืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจ ื™.ืง. ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืœืฒึทื˜ืขืจื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉืžืขืœืฆื˜ืึธืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ ืœืื—ืจ- 
ื™ื™ึดืื•ืฉ, ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจืžื•ื ื˜ืขืจื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื‘ืฒึท ืื•ื ื“ื–, ื“ืขืจื™ืขื™ืงืจ ื ืึธืš ื“ืขื ื•ื•ื™ ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื‘ื™ื˜ืขืจ ืึทื ื˜ื•ื™ืฉื˜ 
ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทื’ืขื’ืขื ื™ืฉ ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜ืข ืคึผืขืจื–ืึธื ืขืŸ ืฐื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ืึทืŸ. ื“ืขืจื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ 
ื’ืขืฐื•ืึธืจืŸ ืฆื• ืึท ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคื˜ืœืขื›ืขืจ ืžื“ืจื’ื” ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคึผืึทืกื™ืง ืคืึทืจ 
ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืึธืจืขืžืขืŸ}|ื’ืฒึทืกื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืžืึธืจืึทืœื™ืฉืŸ ื‘ืึทื’ืึทื–ืฉ".* 

ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืชืงื•ืคื” ืคื•ืŸ ื™-ืง'ืก ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขื ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืจื•ืจ-ื”ื—ืœื•ืฅ-ื‘ืึทื•ื•ืขื’ื•ื ื’ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึทื ื˜ื•ื™ืงืœื˜ 
ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื–ื™ ืึท ืžื™ืŸ ืงืขื’ื ื–ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืงืข ื”ืฉืคึผืขื” ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ืกืคืง ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืจืงื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื ื˜ืขื ืกื™ื•ื•ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ 
ื›ืึทืจืึทืงื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืึทืคื•ื ื’. ืœื•ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข ืงืฐืึทืœืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ื™.ืง. ืึทืœื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื˜ ื“ื™ ื“ืขืจืžื•ื˜ื™ืงื ื“ื™ืงืข ืื•ืŸ 
ืคืจื•ื›ื˜ื‘ืึทืจืข ื•ื•ื™ืจืงื•ื ื’ ืฐืึธืก ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื”ืึทื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ื. ื“ื™ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืฐืขื’ื•ื ื’, ืคื•ืŸ ื–ึตื™ื™ืขืจ 
| ื–ืฒึทื˜, ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืึทืฆืฑื’ืŸ ืฆื• ืื™ื ืžื™ื˜ ืคืจืฒึทื™ื ื“ืฉืึทืคื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืึธืคึผืฉืฒึท ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืื™ื ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืึทื ืงื‘ืึทืจ ืคืึทืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ืขื ืขืจื’ื™ืฉืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฆืฐืฒึทื’ื˜ืขืจ ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืฐืขื’ื•ื ื’.** ื“ืึธืก ืึทืœืฅ ืื™ื– ืจื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง, ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ืึธืจ ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ 
ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื™-ืง'ืก ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฉืึทืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข. ื™ืฆื—ืง ืฆื•ืงืขืจืžืึทื ืก ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืึทื– "ื™.ืง. ืื™ื– 
ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืจื•ื›ื˜ื‘ืึทืจืกื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืขื ืขืจื’ื™ืฉืกื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืข ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืึธืขื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ" 
(ื›ืชื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื, ืชืฉื›"ื˜, ื–ื™ 358) ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืจื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืคืึทืจ ื™.ืง'ืก ื’ืึทื ืฆืขืจ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ืชึผืงื•ืคื”. ืขืก ื“ืึทืจืฃ 
ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึทืงื˜ ืึทื– ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึทื ื“ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื™-ืง'ืก ืฉืึทืคืขืจื™ืฉืขืจ ืคื™ืœืคืึทื›ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ, ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ื–ื™ื‘ืŸ ืžืึธื ืึทื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืจื™ื˜ืขืจ ืชึผืงื•ืคื” ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื ืึทืฆื™ืฉืขืจ ืึธืงื•ืคึผืึทืฆื™ืข-ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข (ืคื•ืŸ 15ื˜ืŸ 
ื ืึธื•ื•ืขืžื‘ืขืจ 1940 ื‘ื™ื– 22ื˜ืŸ ื™ื•ื ื™ 1941), ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื”ืขื›ืขืจ 15 ื•ื•ืขืจืง -- ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ืฆืึธืœ ื•ืขืจืง 
ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืš ืคื•ืŸ ื›ึผืžืขื˜ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื™ืึธืจ ื‘ื™ื– ื“ื™ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ืื™ื– ืฆืขืฉื˜ืขืจื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ. 

ื“ื™ ื“ืจื™ื˜ืข ืžึผืงื•ืคื” ืื™ื– ื“ื™. ืคืจื•ื›ื˜ื‘ืึทืจืกื˜ืข ืื™ืŸ ื™.ืง'ืก ืฉืึทืคืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจ ืื•ืŸ ืืœืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืึทืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื“ืจื•ืจ-ื”ื—ืœื•ืฅ-ื‘ืึทื•ื•ืขื’ื•ื ื’. ื™.ืง. ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื’ืจื™ื ื“ืขื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ื“ืจืึทืžืึทื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืกื˜ื•ื“ื™ืข, ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืื™ื ืกื˜ืจื•ื™ืจื˜ ื™ื•ื’ื ื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื•ื™ ืึทื–ืฑ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจืœืึธื–ืขื ืข ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืชื™-ื™ืชื•ืžื™ื. ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš 
ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคื˜ืœืขืš ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ืจื™ื›ื˜ ืึธืคึผ ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืฒึท ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜- ืื•ืŸ ื”ื›ืฉืจื”-ื’ืจื•ืคึผืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื—ืœื•ืฅ ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข, ืื™ืŸ 
ื˜ืฉืขืจื ื™ืึทืงืึธื•ื• ืื•ืŸ ื’ืจืึธื›ืึธื•ื• - ื•ื™ ืึท ืžื™ื˜ื’ืœื™ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคึผื˜ืœืขื›ืขืจ ืงืึธืžื™ืกื™ืข.?* ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ื’ืœืฒึทืš 
ื ืึธื›ืŸ ืคืึทืจืžืึทื›ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื– ื“ืขื ืื•ื™ืกืฆืจื•ืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืฒึทื™ื˜ืฉ-ืจื•ืกื™ืฉืขืจ ืžืœื—ืžื” ื–ืขืฆื˜ ืคืึธืจ ื™.ืง. 
ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ืขืจื™ืฉืขืจ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืกืขืžื™ื ืึทืจืŸ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืฐื•ืขื’ื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืขืจื“ื™ืฉืขืจ 
ื’ื™ืžื ืึทื–ื™ืข. ื“ืจื•ืงื ื“ื™ืง ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื•ื•ืขืจืง ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ืฉืจื™ืคื˜ "ื“ืจื•ืจ" ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืื•ืžืœืขื’ืึทืœืขืจ ืคึผืจืขืกืข ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข. ื“ืึทืŸ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื˜ ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืข ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืกื˜ืข ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ 
ืึท ืกืึธืฆื™ืึทืœืŸ ืื™ื ื”ืึทืœื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’-ื˜ืขื’ืœืขื›ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ: "ื“ื™ ื›ืจืึธื ื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืขืจืฉืขืœืขืก ื˜ื•ื™ื˜", "ื“ืขืจ 
ื‘ืึทืœืฒ ืื•ืŸ "ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื’ืขืจ". 

ื“ืขืจ ื›ืึทืจืึทืงื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื™.-ืง'ืก ืฉืจื™ืคื˜ืŸ, ื•ื•ื™ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื“ืขืจืฆืœืขืจื™ืฉืข ืื•ืŸ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ-ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜, ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื“ืจื™ื˜ืขืจ ืชึผืงื•ืคื” ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทื“ืขืจืคืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืจืึทืžืึทื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืกื˜ื•ื“ื™ืข, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ 
ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืึธื ืคึฟื™ืจื•ื ื’ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืคึฟืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ื“ืจืึทืžืขืก ืฆื•ื ืฉืคึผื™ืœืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืจืึทื›ื˜ ืคืึทืจืŸ ืคึผื•ื‘ืœื™ืงื•ื 
ืงืึทืคึผื™ื˜ืœืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืชึผื "ืš ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจื™ืฉืŸ ืื•ืคึฟืŸ. ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืฐืฒื™ื ื™ืง ืื™ื– ื‘ืึทืงืึทื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืึธืจ ืฐื™ื™ื ื™ืง ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ 
ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืจืึทืžืึทื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืกื˜ื•ื“ื™ืข, ื“ืขืจ ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ืฉื˜ืจื™ืš ืฐืึธืก ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื‘ืึทื˜ืึธื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข 
ืงืฐืึทืœืŸ ืื™ื– ืึทื– ืืฑืคึฟื’ืขื˜ืจืึธื˜ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื’ืขืคึผืึทืงื˜ืข ื–ืึทืœืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ืคึผืึทืจืึทืŸ ื•ืขืจ ืขืก 
ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ ืึท ืคึผื•ื‘ืœื™ืงื•ื ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜ืขืจ. ืœื•ื˜ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทื“ื™ื ื’ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจืคึฟืึทืจ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ืคืœ ื ื™ืฉื˜ 
ืคึฟืึทืจืึทืŸ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ืคื˜ืจื™ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืจืึทืžืึทื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืกื˜ื•ื“ื™ืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื‘ืึทื“ืึทืจืคื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฆืึธืœืจืฒึทื›ืข. ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ 


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ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืึทืจื•ื ืฆืฐืึทื ืฆื™ืง ืึทื–ืฑื ืข ืื•ื™ืคื˜ืจื™ื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืžืึทื˜ืขืจื™ืึทืœืŸ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืชึผื "ืš ืึธื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืชึผื "ื›ื™ืฉืข 
ื˜ืขืžืขืก, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื”ืึทื˜ ืึท ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ื“ืขืจืคืึธืœื’. 5 

ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืึทื˜ืขืจ-ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื•ื™ืขืœื ืึธ , ื“ืขืจ ืฆืขื ื˜ืจืึทืœืขืจ ืึธืคึผืฆืฐืฒึทื’ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ื“ืจื•ืจ-ื”ื—ืœื•ืฅ-ื‘ืึทืฐืขื’ื•ื ื’ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืง ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื’ืขื‘ื™ื˜ืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืŸ 
ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ืขืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคื˜ืœืขื›ืขืจ ืงื™ืš ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื˜ืึทืงืข ืื•ื™ืš ืึทืจืฑืกื’ืขื”ืึธืœืคืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื ื’ืขืจื™ืงืข ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ 5 
ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ื– ืึท ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ืฆืึธืœ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืžื™ื˜ 
ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืฐืขื’ื•ื ื’. ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืงืึธืžื‘ื™ื ืึทืฆื™ืข, ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืึทืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืจื•ืจ-ื”ื—ืœื•ืฅ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ืขืจ 
ืฆืฒึทื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขื ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืคึผื•ื‘ืœื™ืงื•ื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ-ืืฒื™ื ื•ืฐื•ื™ื ืขืจ, ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจืžืขื’ืœืขื›ืงื˜ ื™. ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืขืŸ ืฆื• 
ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ืŸ ืงืึธื ื˜ืึทืงื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ืคึผื•ื‘ืœื™ืงื•ื ืคืึทืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื”ืึทื˜ ืึท ื’ืขืœืขื’ื ื”ื™ื™ื˜ 
ืคืึธืจืฆื•ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ-ื˜ืจืึทื“ื™ืฆื™ืข ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืกืฆืขื ืขืก, ื“ืจืึทืžืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืึทืงื˜ืขืจืก 
ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื”ืึธืœืคืŸ ืคืึทืจื’ืขืกืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ืฐืฒึทื™ืœืข ื“ื™ ื’ืจืึธืข ื“ืจืึธืขื ื“ืข ื˜ืึธื’ื™ื˜ืขื’ืœืขื›ืงืฒื˜. 

ื“ืขืจ ืฆื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืจืึทืžืึทื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืกื˜ื•ื“ื™ืข ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ืจืข ืื•ื™ืคืคื™ืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื•ื™ ืขืก ื–ืขื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ืึธื ื’ืขืคืึทื ื’ืขืŸ 
ื ืึธืš ื“ืขื ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ืื™ื– ืึทื ื˜ืฉื˜ืึทื ืขืŸ-- ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืงื•ื“ื-ื›ึผืœ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจืžืขื’ืœืขื›ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทื’ืขื’ืขื ื™ืฉ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืŸ 
ืคึผื•ื‘ืœื™ืงื•ื, ืœื•ื™ื˜ ื•ื™ ืขืก ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืขื“ื•ืช ื“ืขืจ ื ื•ืกื— ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื ื“ื•ื ื’ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื”ืขืจืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื™.-ืง'ืก "ืขืคืขื ื•ื ื’ ืฆื• ืึท ืชึผื "ืš- 
ืึธืฐื•ื ื˜". ืื•ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ, ืึทื–ืฑ ื•ื™ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืกืึธืฆื™ืึทืœืขืจ ื”ื™ืœืฃ, ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ื“ืจื•ืจ-ื”ื—ืœื•ืฅ 
ื‘ืึทืฐืขื’ื•ื ื’ ื’ืœืฒึทื™ืš ื•ื™ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข ื™ื•ื’ื ื˜-ื‘ืึทื•ื•ืขื’ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜, ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ื“ืขืจืคื™ืœืŸ ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ืขืก 
ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ืžืœื—ืžื”.* ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทืžื™ืจื˜ืข ืคืึธืจืœืขื–ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืชึผื "ืš ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ื“ืจืึทืžืึทื˜ื™ืฉืข ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืชึผื "ื›ื™ืฉืข ื˜ืขืžืขืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื ื“ื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืฆื• ืึท ืคึผื•ื‘ืœื™ืงื•ื ืคื•ืŸ 
ื™ื•ื“ืขื™"ืกืคืจ, ืคืึทืจืงืขืจื˜, ื™.-ืง'ืก ืฆื™ืœ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื• ื™ืขื ืข ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืข ืฉื™ื›ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ- ืจื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ 
ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื“ืขืจืฐื•ืฒึทื˜ืขืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืจื™ืฉืขืจ ื˜ืจืึทื“ื™ืฆื™ืข ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜-ื‘ืึทื ืขื ืฐืึธืก ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ืคืึธืจื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืกืคืจ-ื”ืกืคืจื™ื. ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืจื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื‘ืึทืœื“ ืงืึธื ื˜ื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ืกื˜ื™ืœ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื’ืจืึทืžื˜ืขืจ 
ืขืคืขื ื•ื ื’ ืฆื•ื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืชึผื "ืš-ืึธื•ื•ื ื˜. ื“ืขืจ ืกื™ื•ื ืื™ืจืขืจ ืื™ื– ืึท ื’ื•ื˜ืขืจ ื‘ืฒื™ืฉืคึผื™ืœ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืขื ื“ืขื ืฅ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจ 
ื™.ืง'ืก ื‘ืึทื ืขื ืคื•ื ืขื ืžื”ื•ืช ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืจื™ืฉืŸ ืฉืึทืคืŸ ื‘ื›ืœืœ: "ืงื•ืžื˜ ืื•ืžื’ืœืฒื™ื‘ื™ืงืข ืื™ืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ, ืงื•ืžื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜/ 
ื‘ื™ึทื™ื ืชึผื "ืš, ื‘ืฒึท ืืฒึทืขืจืŸ ื“ืึธ ื’ืœืฒื‘ื™ืง!/ ื’ืœื™ื™ื‘ื˜: ื“ื™ ืฐืึธืก ืฉืึทืคืŸ ืื™ื™ื‘ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“-- / ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ 
ืขืจื“ ื“ืึธ ืื™ื™ื‘ื™ืง". 

ื‘ืžืฉืš ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืข ืžืœื—ืžื” ื–ื“ื™ืึธืจืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื™.ืง. ืคืึทืจื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืคืจืึทื’ืข ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืืฒื‘ื™ืงืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ-ืฉืึทืคื•ื ื’. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขื’ืœื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฆืŸ ื•ื•ืขื–ืŸ, ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื™ื‘ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜-ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืื™ื– ืคึฟืึทืจ 
ืื™ื ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื›ืกื˜ืข ื‘ืึทื–ื™ื ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืจื™ืฉืŸ ืฉืึทืคืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืœื™ื›ื˜ ื“ืึทืจืฃ ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ืึทื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื“ืึธืก 
ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืฆื™ื˜ื™ืจื˜ืข ืฐืึธืจื˜ "ื’ืœื™ื™ื‘ื™ืง", ืฐืึธืก ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื’ืขื’ืจืึทืžื˜ ืžื™ื˜ "ืื™ื™ื‘ื™ืง". ืึทื ื˜ืงืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืขืจ 
ื•ื•ื™ืจืงืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฆื™ึทื™ื˜, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ื’ืฒื™ืกื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืคึผืึทืจื“ืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ืžืงื•ื, ืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื™.ืง. ืึทืฐืขืง 
ืคืึทืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคึผื•ื‘ืœื™ืงื•ื -- ืคื•ืŸ ืึธื ื”ืฒื‘ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ-ืฆืฒึทื˜ - ืึทืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ืจืงืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜: ื“ื™ ืื™ื™ื‘ื™ืงืข ืขืงื–ื™ืกื˜ืขื ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืจื™ืฉืขืจ ืฉืึทืคื•ื ื’, ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืชึผื "ืš-- ื“ืขืจ ื ืึทืฆื™ืึธื ืึทืœืขืจ ืคืึทืจืžืขื’ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขื ื›ึผื•ื— ืขื ื“ืœืขืš 
ื‘ืฒึทื™ืฆื•ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืข ื•ื•ื™ืจืงืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜. ืื™ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ื’ืœื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื–ืขื˜ ื™.ืง. ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ-ืฆืฒึทื˜ ื“ืขื 
ืงืฐืึทืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืจื™ื™ืกื˜ ืคืึทืจ ืื™ื ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคึผื•ื‘ืœื™ืงื•ื: "ืื•ืŸ ืึท ืคืึทืจืื™ื™ื‘ื™ืงื˜ืข ืึท ืœื™ื™ื“/ ืื™ื– ืคืจื™ื™ื“!/ ืึท 
ืคืึทืจืื™ื™ื‘ื™ืงื˜ืข ืึท ืคึผืฒึทืŸ- / ืื™ื– ืฉืฒึทืŸ".?" ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืึทื˜ื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ืืฒื‘ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ืก-ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืจื™ืฉืข 
ืฉืึทืคื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืฆื•ื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ื‘ืึทื”ืึทื ื“ืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื™-ืง'ืก ืฉืจื™ืคื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข, ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื—.ื . 
ื‘ื™ืึทืœื™ืงืŸ: "ืฆื• ื‘ื™ืึทืœื™ืงืก ื”ืฒึทื™ืขืจื™ืงืŸ ื™ืึธืจืฆืฒึทื˜" (ื™ื•ืœื™ 1940) ื•ื™ ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืฉืŸ ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืžืขื ื“ืขืœืข ืžื•ื›ืจ 
ืกืคืจื™ื. ื“ืึธ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืขื ื™ืŸ, ื“ืขืจ ืฆืขื ื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืึทื ืฆืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืจื™ืฉืขืจ ืึธืคึผื”ืึทื ื“ืœื•ื ื’. ืื™ืŸ ื•ื™ื˜ืขืœ ืงืขืจื˜ 
ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื ื™.ืง. ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทื”ืึทื ื“ืœื˜ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึทื’ืข ืฆื•ื ืœืขืฆื˜ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ืื™ืŸ "ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื”ืจื’ืขื˜ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืึธืœืง", ืคืจืง 


ื˜"ื•, ืกื™ืžืŸ ื™'. 
41 


ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืจื™ืฉืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื ื“ื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ืฉืึทืคืŸ 


ื“ืึธืก ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ื™ืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื™-ืง'ืก ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืจื™ืฉืŸ ืฉืึทืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข, ืžืึทื™ 1940 -- ื™ื•ื ื™ 1941, ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืืคืฉืจ 
ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื ื˜ืขื ืกื™ื•ื•ืกื˜ืข ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืจื•ืจ-ื”ื—ืœื•ืฅ-ื‘ืึทืฐื•ืขื’ื•ื ื’. ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ื–ื™ืŸ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท 
ื”ืžืฉืš ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืึทืคืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืžืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื”ืึทืœื˜, ื’ืœืฒึทืš ื•ื™ ืึท ื”ืžืฉืš ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื•ื’ื ื˜- ืื•ืŸ ื—ืœื•ืฆื™ื-ื‘ืึทื•ื•ืขื’ื•ื ื’ ื ืึธืš ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ืžืœื—ืžื”. ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืš ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ื“ืจืึทืžืข "ืื™ื•ื‘", 
ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจืฉื™ื ืขืŸ ืกื•ืฃ ื™ื•ื ื™ 1941, ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื•ื™ื›ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื™ืึธืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืจื™ืฉืขืจ ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืคืึธืจื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืึท ื•ื•ืขื ื“ื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื™-ืง'ืก ืฉืึทืคืŸ ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืฉื˜ืึทื ื“ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ืŸ: ืึท ื›ึผืžืขื˜ ืคื•ืœืขืจ 
ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืึทื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืึทืคืŸ, ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ึดืฉ ืฆื• ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืึทืœืฅ ืฐืึทืงืกื ื“ืข ืฆืึธืœ ืฉืึทืคื•ื ื’ืขืŸ. ืื™ืŸ 
ืคืึทืจื’ืœืฒึทื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืคึผืขืจื™ืึธื“ ืฐืึธืก ืฆืฐื™ืฉืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื•ื•ืขืœื˜-ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช, ืื™ื– ื“ืึธ ื˜ืึทืงืข ืคืึธืจื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึทืŸ ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ 
ืฆืึธืœ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืึทืคื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื ืึธืš ืฆื• ืคืจื™ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ ื‘ื•ืœื˜ืข ืคืึธืจื- ืฆื™ ืื™ื ื”ืึทืœื˜- 
ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ. 

ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื™ื•ืœื™ 1941 ื‘ื™ื– ืžืขืจืฅ 1942 ืงื•ืžื˜ ืคืึธืจ ืึท ืคึผืœื•ืฆื™ืžื“ื™ืงืข ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืกืฒึท ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆืึธืœ ืฉืึทืคื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืกืฒึท 
ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืคืึทืจื ืขื. ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื˜ ืงืขืŸ ืžืขืŸ ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜ืข ืคึผืึธืœืึทืจื™ื–ืึทืฆื™ืข ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืึทืคืŸ: ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื‘ืŸ 
ืฉืึทืคื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜, ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ื“ื™ ืึธื ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขื ืข ื“ืึทื˜ืข ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื–ื™ ืฆื•ื ืึธื ื”ืฒื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื 
ืฆืฒึทื˜-ืคึผืขืจื™ืึธื“. ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ืคื™ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ ื’ืขื”ืขืจืŸ ืฆื•ื ืกื•ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื ืฒึทืŸ-ืžืึธื ืึทื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืฆืฒึทื˜ืึธืคึผืฉื ื™ื˜. ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜ ืงืขืŸ ืžืขืŸ ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงืŸ ืึทื– ืขืก ืคืขืœื˜ ืึท ื’ืจืึทืฐื™ื˜ื™ืจ-ืฆืขื ื˜ืขืจ ืคืึทืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืึทืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืชึผืงื•ืคื”. ื“ื™ 
ื˜ืขืžืึทื˜ื™ืฉืข ืื•ืŸ ืคึฟืึธืจื-ืฐืึทืจืฒึทืจื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– ืึท ืฆื• ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจื’ืœืฒึทืš ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืจืขืœืึทื˜ื™ื•ื• ืงืœื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืฆืึธืœ 
ืฉืึทืคื•ื ื’ืขืŸ. ืื™ื™ื’ื ื˜ืœืขืš ืื™ื– ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืฆื• ืงืœืึทืกื™ืคื™ืฆื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืขื ืข ืื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืœื™ื™ ืึธืงื˜ืึธื‘ืขืจ 1941 -- ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ 
ื“ื™ ืฉืจื™ืคื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืจื™ื˜ืขืจ ืชึผืงื•ืคื” ืื™ืŸ ื™-ืง'ืก ืฉืึทืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืจื•ืคึผืข (ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืขื ืœืขื›ืขืจ ืคืึธืจื ืื•ืŸ 
ืื™ื ื”ืึทืœื˜) ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืขื ืข ืื™ืŸ ืคืขื‘ืจื•ืึทืจ-ืžืขืจืฅ 1942 - ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืฉืจื™ืคื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคื™ื ืคื˜ืขืจ 
ืชึผืงื•ืคื”, ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ืคึผืข, ืื•ืŸ ืึทื–ืฑ ืึทืจื•ื ืžื‘ื˜ืœ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืขืจื˜ืข ืชึผืงื•ืคื” ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืคึผืขืจื™ืึธื“ื™ื–ืึทืฆื™ืข. 
ืคืึธืจื˜ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ื™ืžืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื“ื™ ืชึผืงื•ึผืคึผื” ืคื•ืŸ ืกื•ืฃ ื™ื•ื ื™ 1941 ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื– ื“ืขื 18ื˜ืŸ ืึทืคึผืจื™ืœ 1942, ื•ื™ ืึท ืคึผืขืจื™ืึธื“ ืคืึทืจ 
ื–ื™ืš, ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช: (ื) ื“ื™ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉ-ืกืึธืฐื™ืขื˜ื™ืฉืข ืžืœื—ืžื”, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืจืึทื›ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขื ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ืžืึทืกืŸ-ืืฑืกืจืึธื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžื–ืจื—-ืืฒื™ืจืึธืคึผืข, ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ืึทืจืฒึทื ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ืงืึธื ื˜ื™ืงืข ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’" 
ื˜ืขื’ืœืขื›ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ-ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืžื™ื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืืฒึทื ืฐืฑื ืขืจ, ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื“ืจื™ืงื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืขื™ืงืจ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื’ืขืฉืคึผืึทื ื˜ืŸ 
ืึธืคึผืฐืึทืจื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ืขื ืกื™ื•ื•ืข ื‘ืึทืžื™ึธื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคืฆื•ืงืœืฒึทื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ื ืคืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข 
ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฐืึธืก ืงื•ืžื˜ ืคืึธืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธืงื•ืคึผื™ืจื˜ืข ื’ืขื‘ื™ื˜ืŸ.'" (ื‘) ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื“ืึธืก ืืฑืกืคึผืขืœืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืฆืขื ื˜ืจืึทืœืŸ 
ืฉืฐืขืจืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึธื ื˜ื™ืง ืคึฟืึทืจืžื™ื ืขืจื˜ืข ืฆืึธืœ ืฉืึทืคื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ื“ืขืจืžืขื’ืœืขื›ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืฉืขืจื” ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืฉืจื™ืคื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึธื˜ 
ื“ืขืจ ืคืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืชึผืงื•ืคื” ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื›ืึทืจืึทืงื˜ืขืจ ืฉืคึผื™ื’ืœืขืŸ ื˜ืึทืงืข ืึธืคึผ ื“ื™ ืฆืฒึทื˜-ืื•ืžืฉื˜ืึทื ื“ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื™ื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืฐืึทืงืœืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ื•ื•ืขื–ื ื˜ืœืขื›ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื ื“ื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื™-ืงื™ืก ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืจื™ืฉืŸ ืฉืึทืคึผืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืงื•ืžื˜ ืฆื• ืฉื˜ืึทื ื“ ืึท ื‘ื™ืกืœ 
ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ, ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜. 

ื“ื™ ืคืขืจื˜ืข ืชึผืงื•ืคื” ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจ ืึท ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ-ืชึผืงื•ืคื” ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื™ืŸ ืฉืึทืคืŸ. ื‘ืžืฉืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืฒึทึทืŸ-ืฆืขืŸ ืžืึธื ืึทื˜ืŸ ืžืึทื›ื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš 
ื“ื™ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ืึทืŸ ืื™ื ืขืจืœืขื›ืข ืขืžืึธืฆื™ืึธื ืขืœืข ื’ืฐืึทืœื“ื™ืงืข ืื™ื‘ืขืจืงืขืจืขื ื™ืฉ. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืจื•ืจ-ื”ื—ืœื•ืฅ-ื‘ืึทืฐืขื’ื•ื ื’ ื™ืœ ืžืขืŸ 
ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ื™ืจืŸ ืฐื™ื“ืขืจืฉื˜ืึทื ื“-ื’ืจื•ืคึผืŸ, ื‘ืึทืœื“ ื‘ืฒึทื™ื ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉ-ืจื•ืกื™ืฉืขืจ ืžืœื—ืžื”, ืื•ื™ืก ืึท ื—ืฉืฉ ืคืึทืจ 
ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ื™ืจื˜ืข ืคึผืึธื’ืจืึธืžืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืฑืœืŸ ื‘ืขืชืŸ ื“ืึทืŸ ืคืึธืจื’ืขื–ืขืขื ืขื ืึธื ืžืึทืจืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจื•ืกืŸ. ืคืึทืงื˜ื™ืฉ ืึธื‘ืขืจ 
ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื“ื™ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืขืจื™ืฉืข ืื•ืŸ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ-ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืึทืœืฅ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ื ืึธืš ืื™ืŸ ื ืึธื•ื•ืขืžื‘ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืฆืขืžื‘ืขืจ 
1 ืฉืžื•ืขื•ืช ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืึทืกื ืžืึธืจื“ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžื–ืจื— ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืžืข ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืŸ ื“ืขืจื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ื‘ืึทืœื“ ื ืึธืš ื“ืขืจ 


42 


ื“ืฒึทื™ื˜ืฉืขืจ ืื™ื ืฐื•ืึทื–ื™ืข (ื–ื•ืžืขืจ 1941) ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ื–ื™ื›ืขืจืข ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื“ืขืจื’ื™ื™ืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข ืกื•ืฃ 
1, ืฆื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืึทืœืฅ ืฐืึทืงืกื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ืฉื˜ืจืึธื ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื“ืึทืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฆืข ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ื•ื™ื˜-ืœืึทื’ืขืจ ื›ืขืœืžื ืึธ ืื™ืŸ ืžืขืจื‘, ืฐืึธืก ื“ืขืจื’ื™ื™ืขืŸ ืึธื ื”ืฒื‘ 1942 -- ื“ืึธืก ืึทืœืฅ ืœืึธื–ื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฆื• ืจื• 
ื“ื™ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ-ืืฒึทื ืฐืฑื ืขืจ. ื“ืขืจ ืขื™ืงืจ ืฐืึทืงืกื˜ ื“ื™ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืฆืฒื™ื’ื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืจื•ื ื˜-ืงืจืฒึทื–ืŸ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืคืึทื–ืข ืคื•ืŸ 
ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ-ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืขื ื“ื™ืงื˜. ื“ื™ ื’ืขื“ืึทื ืงืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ื‘ืึทืฐืึธืคึผื ื˜ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ืฉื•ืฅ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš 
ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขื•ื•ืขืงื˜ ื‘ืฒึทื ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉ-ืกืึธืฐื™ืขื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืžืœื—ืžื”, ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื‘ื™ืกืœืขื›ืฐืฒึทื– ืงืจื™ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึท 
ื‘ืึทืฉืœื•ืก ืื•ื™ืคืฆื•ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืึท ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืงืึทืžืคืก-ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ืึทืฆื™ืข ืฐืึธืก ื–ืึธืœ ืึทืฐืขืงืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืขืึทืงืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ 
ื ืึทืฆื™ื™ืžืขืจื“ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื‘ื›ึผื‘ื•ื“ื™ืงืŸ ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืŸ ืœื™ื›ื˜, ืึทืคึผื™ืœื• ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ ืึทืœืฒื™ืŸ ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื‘ื›ึผื•ื— ืขืคึผืขืก ืฆื• ืขื ื“ืขืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉืŸ ื˜ืึทื˜ืึทืœืŸ ืงืึทืžืฃ ืงืขื’ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ.** ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึทืคื™ืœื• ื“ื™ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ืขืจื™ืฉืข ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื’ื™ืžื ืึทื–ื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืจื•ืจ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ืึธืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืœืขืจื ื™ืึธืจ 1942/1941 ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืจืึทืžืึทื˜ื™ืฉืข ืกื˜ื•ื“ื™ืข ื–ืขืฆื˜ ื ืึธืš 
ืคืึธืจ ืื™ืจืข ืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืขื˜ืŸ, ืžืขืจืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืึธืš -- ืคื•ืŸ ืึธื ื”ืฒื‘ ืชืฉ"ื‘ - ืึท ืงืœืึธืจืข ื˜ืขื ื“ืขื ืฅ ืฆื• ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืคืึธืจืžื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืึธื ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขื ืข ืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืขื˜-ืžื•ืกื˜ืขืจืŸ: ืขืจืฉื˜ื ืก (ืึธืงื˜ืึธื‘ืขืจ 1941), ืึท ื–ืึธืจื’ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืžืขืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื“ืขืจ ืงืึทืžืฃ 
ืงืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉืŸ ื“ืึทืจืฃ ืึธื ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ (ืึธื ื”ืฒื‘ 1942), ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ื‘ืึทืžื™ึธื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจ 
ื“ืขืจ ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืฐืึธืคื ื˜ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืงืึทืžืคืก-ื›ึผื•ื— ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืคึผืฑืœืŸ. 

ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ื‘ื”ื“ืจื’ื”ื“ื™ืงืข ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื˜ื™ืคืขืจ ื’ืฒึทื™ืกื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืงืขืจืขื ื™ืฉ 
ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืžืขื›ื˜ื™ืง ื‘ืึทืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืคืจืฒึทื™ื ื“, ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธื ืคึผื™ืจืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืึทืงื˜ื™ืฐืฑืกื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ 
ื“ืจื•ืจ-ื”ื—ืœื•ืฅ, ื™ืฆื—ืง ืฆื•ืงืขืจืžืึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื˜ืขื ืขื ื‘ื•ื™ื. *' ืฆื•ืงืขืจืžืึทืŸ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื˜ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข, ืึทื–: "ืคื•ืŸ 
ื”ืึทืจื‘ืกื˜ 1941 ืึธืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืึธืš ืึทืœืฅ ื“ื™ ืงื™ืš ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื–ื™ืขืœื ืึท 34 ืคืึทืจื˜ื™ื™ืœื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืึธื’ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’-ืืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืึธื’-ืืฑืก, ืคืึทืจ 
ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ. ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ (ื“ืึทืŸ| ื ืึธืš ืึทืœืฅ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ืึธืฐื ื˜ื‘ืจืฑื˜- ื‘ืจื•ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ 
ืืฒึทื ื’ืขืžืึทื›ื˜ืก. ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ (ื ืึธืš ืึทืœืฅืŸ ื’ืขืœืขืจื ื˜ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉืข ืœื™ื“ืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืฉืคึผื™ืœื˜ ื˜ืขืึทื˜ืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ ืึทืจืฑืกื’ืขื˜ืจืึธื˜ืŸ 
ืคืึทืจืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ืขื•ืœื ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจื›ืึธืจ. ืื•ื™ืš ื“ื™ ื’ื™ืžื ืึทื–ื™ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคึฟืึทืจื’ืจืขื˜ืขืจื˜... ืžื™ืจ, ื“ื™ ืขืœื˜ืขืจืข ื—ื‘ืจื™ื 
ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืคื™ืœื˜ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืคืœื™ื’ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื˜ ืฆืขืฉืคึผืจืฒื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœืฅ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึทืœืฅ... ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจื™ื™ื“ ืึธืŸ ืžืžืฉื•ืชื“ื™ืงืข 
ืžืขืฉื‚ื™ื, ืึทืคื™ืœื• ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืจื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง, ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ืฑื‘ืŸ ืงืœื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ื•ื™ ืคึผื•ืกื˜ืข ืžืœื™ืฆื•ืช. ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขืคืึทื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื• ืคืึทืจืœื™ืจืŸ 
ื“ืขื ืจืขืกืคึผืขืงื˜ ืฆื• ื–ื™ืš ืึทืœืฒื™ืŸ".** ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืžืขื’ืœืขื›ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืึทืจืฒึทื ื‘ืœื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืขืžืึธืœื˜ื“ื™ืงืข ืฉื˜ื™ืžื•ื ื’ืขืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื’ื•ืช ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึทืŸ ืึทืœื’ืขืžืฒื ืข ื“ืขืจืฉื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžืŸ-ื”ืกืชึผื ืื•ื™ืš ื˜ืฒืœืฐืฒึทื– ื›ืึทืจืึทืงื˜ืขืจื™ื–ื™ืจื˜ 
ื™. ืง'ืก ืœืขื‘ื ืก-ื’ืขืคื™ืœ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื“ืึทื ืงืขืŸ-ื’ืึทื ื’. ื™.ืง. ื‘ืึทืฆื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ, ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืชึผืงื•ืคื” ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ืฉืึทืคืŸ, ืฆื• ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื™ื˜. ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ืึทื ื•ืฅ ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ืžืึทื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืœืฉื•ืŸ-ืจื‘ื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื•ื ื’, ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืงืœืึธืจ ืึทื– 
ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืฐื•ึผืกื˜ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื– ื“ืึทืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทืœื˜ื™ืงื˜ ื•ื™ ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธืœืขืงื˜ื™ื•ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืฐื•ึผืกื˜ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืึทื ืฆืขืจ 
ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืจื•ื ื˜-ื‘ืึทืฐื•ืขื’ื•ื ื’, ืขืจ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื˜: "ื ืึธืš ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ื™ืึธืจ ืชืฉ"ื‘ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืฆื• ืื•ื ื“ื– ื“ืขืจื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ืึธืจ 
ืฉืžื•ืขื•ืช, ื ืึธืจ ืขื“ื™-ืจืื™ื” ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื’ืขื‘ืจืึทื›ื˜ ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช... ื—ืœื•ืฆื™ื... ื“ื™ ืืžืชืข ื˜ืจืขื’ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืขื•ืœ, ื“ืขื ืขื•ืœ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ื‘ืึทืœื™ื“ื™ืงื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื›ึผื‘ื•ื“... ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืœื ืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืึทื ื•ืฆื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข 
ืคึผืึธืœื™ืฆื™ืึทื ื˜ืŸ, ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธืœื™ืฆื™ืึทื ื˜ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืžืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื–ื•ื›ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ื‘ืจื™ื“ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœืข 
ื‘ืึทื”ืขืœื˜ืขื ื™ืฉืŸ, ื–ื™ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ, ื’ืขื–ื•ื›ื˜ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ ืฆื• ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืฒึทื™ื˜ืฉืŸ... ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ 
ื—ืœื•ืฆื™ื ืื•ืŸ ืฉื•ืžืจื™ื ืฐืึธืœื˜ืŸ ืขืก ืื•ื ื“ื– ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜, ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ื™ื•ื’ื ื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฐืฒื™ื ื™ืงืข ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืจืฒึทืข, ื“ื™ 
ื”ืขืœื“ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืจืขื’ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืฒึทืกื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข, ื“ื™ ืื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืงืข... ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื•ื™ืœ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืขื›ื˜ืข ืฐืึธืœื˜ืŸ ืžื™ืจ 
ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ื“ื™ ืึทืœืข ืคืึทืงื˜ืŸ.,. ".6 

ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ืคืจื™ื™ื ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ืง., ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื˜ืขื ืขื ื‘ื•ื™ื, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 1943 ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึธื ืคึฟื™ืจืขืจ ืคึฟื•ืŸ 
ื‘ืึทืฐืึธืคึผื ื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืฉื˜ืึทื ื“ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืึทืœื™ืกื˜ืึธืงืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ-- ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืึธืš ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข ืื™ืŸ ืžืขืจืฅ 1942 


13 


ืคืึทืจื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืึท ืฆืขื ื˜ืจืึทืœืŸ ืึธืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึธื ืคื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืฐืขื’ื•ื ื’ ื“ืจื•ืจ-ื”ื—ืœื•ืฅ ื‘ืขืช ื“ื™ ื“ืขืฆื™ื“ื™ืจื ื“ืข ืึทื›ื˜ 
ืžืึธื ืึทื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ื‘ืึทืฐืึธืคึผื ื˜ืขืจ ืงืึทืžืคืก-ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ืึทืฆื™ืข. ืื•ื™ืš ื˜ืขื ืขื ื‘ื•ื™ื 
ื‘ืึทืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ืฒึทืกื˜ื™ืงืข ืื™ื‘ืขืจืงืขืจืขื ื™ืฉ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ืฆื•ื ืื™ื›ืขืจื’ืึทื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ-ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜, ื•ื™ ืึทืŸ 
ืื•ื™ืกื“ืจื•ืง ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฐื™ื“ืขืจืฉื˜ืึทื ื“, ืฆื•ื ื‘ืึทืฐืึธืคึผื ื˜ืŸ ืงืึทืžืฃ. ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื ืจื™ื•ื• ืฆื•ื ื•ื•ืขื“-ื”ืคื•ืขืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืกืชึผื“ืจื•ืช 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืกืขืงืจืขื˜ืึทืจื™ืึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“, ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื˜ ืขืจ -- ื ืึธืš ื“ืขื ื•ื™ ืขืจ ืจืขื–ื•ืžื™ืจื˜ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ื‘ืึทืฐื•ืขื’ื•ื ื’ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึทืจื ื•ืžืขื ืข ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ืกืึธืฐื™ืขื˜ืŸ: "ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ื“ืขื ืึทืงื˜ื™ื• ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื‘ืึทืฐืขื’ื•ื ื’ {ื ืึธืš ื“ืขืจ ื“ืฒึทื™ื˜ืฉืขืจ ืึธืงื•ืคึผืึทืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืฑืœืŸ -- ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืœื ืข} ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืึทืœื™ืกื˜ืึธืง... ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึทื ืขืŸ ืื™ื– 
ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆืขื ื˜ืจืึทืœืข ืคืึทืจ ืœื™ื˜ืข, ืคึผืึธืœืขืกื™ืข, ืฐืึธืœื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืžื–ืจื—-ื’ืึทืœื™ืฆื™ืข..., ืื™ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืขืจื™ื˜ืึธืจื™ืข ืื™ื– 
ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ, ืžืขืจ ืฐืฒื ื™ืงืขืจ, ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืฐื™ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ (ื’ืขื ืขืจืึทืœืŸ ื’ื•ื‘ืขืจื ื™ืฒ. ืคึฟืึทืจื–ืึทืžืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, 
ืกืขืžื™ื ืึทืจืŸ, ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืึธืคึผืฆืฐืฒึทื’ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื”ื›ืฉืจื”, ื“ืขืจืฆื™ืขืจื™ืฉืข ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ, ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ- 
ืื™ื ืกื˜ื™ื˜ื•ืฆื™ืขืก ืื“"ื’ืœ. ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื ืึธืš ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื™ืึธืจ, ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธืคืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข, ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ 
ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขืงืขื ื˜ ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืฆื• ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ืฉื˜ื•ื™ื ื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ื“, ืึทื– ื‘ืžืฉืš ืคื•ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืึทื ืฆืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜, 
ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื–ืฒื™ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืื™ืŸ ืงืึธื ื˜ืึทืงื˜ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืŸ, ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืฉื˜ื™ืฆื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืกืึธื•ื™ืขื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืฆืขื ื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ื“ืฒึทื™ื˜ืฉืขืจ ืฆืขื ื˜ืขืจ (ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทื•ื•ืขื’ื•ื ื’ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ืคึผืจื™ื ืฆื™ืคึผื™ืขืœืข ืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื™ืขืจืข 
ื‘ืึทืฉืœื•ืกืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืœื ืข ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœืฐืึธื•ื• (ืœืขืžื‘ืขืจื’) ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื›ึผืžืขื˜ ืื™ื“ืขื ื˜ื™ืฉ ืคืึธืจืžื•ืœื™ืจื˜; ื”ื›ึผืœืœ: ืคืึทืจ ื“ื™ 
ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข (ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจ ืื•ื ื“ื–), ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึทืงื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ื˜ืœืขืจ-ื‘ืฒึทื˜ืฉ, ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทื ืขืŸ 
ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืขืŸ, ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ืฉื•ื•ืขืจื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ืœื™ื™ื–ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ. ืขืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ 
ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ืœื ืขืจ "ืึทืงืฆื™ืข", ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืš ื“ืขื -- ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืœื™ืงืฐื™ื“ืึทืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ ืื™, 
ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืฒืœืฐื•ืฒึทื–ืขืจ ืœื™ืงืฐื•ื™ื“ืึทืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืฐืฒึทืกืจื•ืกื™ืฉืข ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช, ืึท ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉืŸ ื ืงืžื”-ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืจืึทื˜ืŸ- 
ืคืึทืจื‘ืึทื ื“-- ืึท ื ืงืžื”-ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ื•ื™ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืกืึธืฐื™ืขื˜ื™ืฉืŸ ืจืขื–ืฉื™ื ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ืžื™ื˜ื”ืขืœืคืขืจ... ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
(ื’ืขื ืขืจืึทืœ- }ื’ื•ื‘ืขืจื ื™ืข ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืœ. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืœื“ ื ืึธืš ื“ืขื ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ื›ืฐืึทืœื™ืข {ืžืึทืกื ืžืึธืจื“ืŸ ืื™ื– 
ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืฉืžื•ืขื•ืช ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ืฑื‘ืŸ ืึธื ืฆื•ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื ืฒึทืข ื‘ืึทื’ืจืขื ืขืฆื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ืื•ืฃ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืื™ืŸ 
ืžืขืจื‘ -- ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืคึฟืึทืจืฉื˜ืึทื ืขืŸ: ื•ื•ื™ืœื ืข ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืึธื ืคืึทื ื’. ื ืึธืš ืื™ืจ ืฐืขืœืŸ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึทืœืข ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข 
ื™ื™ึดืฉื•ื‘ื™ื. ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึทื ื˜ืฉื˜ืึทื ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฐื™ื“ืขืจืฉื˜ืึทื ื“-ื’ืขื“ืึทื ืง... ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜: ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืžืขื’ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจ 
ื–ืขืœื‘ืกื˜ืฉื•ืฅ ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ืึธ. ื“ืขืจ ื›ึผื•ื— ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืืฒึทื ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืืฒื™ืจืึธืคึผืข ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื—ืจื•ื‘ ื’ืขืžืึทื›ื˜ ื’ืึทื ืฆืข ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช, 
ืฐืขื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ืœืฒึทื™ื›ื˜ ื‘ืึทื–ื™ื’ืŸ, {ืื•ื ื“ื–| ืึท ื”ื•ื™ืคืŸ ื™ื•ื’ื ื˜ืœืขื›ืข. ืขืก ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึทืŸ ืึทืงื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึฐืื•ืฉ, ืคื•ืŸ 
ืึทื ื˜ืฉืœืึธืกื ืงืฒื˜. ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืจืขื‘ื˜ ื ืึธืจ ืฆื• ืื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืึทืš: ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื˜ืฒึทืขืจืขืจ ืฆื• ืคืึทืจืงื•ื™ืคืŸ. ืžื™ืจ 
ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขืคึฟืึทื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืœื ืข ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ืคืึทืจื˜ื™ื™ื“ื™ืงืŸ. ื ืึธืš ื“ื™ ืคื™ืœืฆืึธืœื™ืงืข "ืึทืงืฆื™ืขืก", ืึทื– ืžื™ืจ 
ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึท ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืึธืคึผื’ืขื›ืึทืคึผื˜ ื“ืขื ืึธื˜ืขื ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคึผืึทืจื–ืึทืžืœื˜, ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืžื•ืจื ื”ืึธื‘ื ื“ื™ืง ืคืึทืจ ืึท ื ื™ื™ืขื ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืคึผืึธืจื˜ - 
ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืคึผืจืึธืงืœืึทืžื™ืจื˜ ื“ื™ ืœืึธื–ื•ื ื’: 'ืœืึธืžื™ืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื™ ืฉืึธืฃ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืฉื—ื™ื˜ื”'. ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืžืึธืœื˜ ืื™ื– ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ 
ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ืฆื•ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ื ื˜ื•ื™ื˜".* 

ื•ื™ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜, ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืœื™ื—ื™ื ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืฐืขื’ื•ื ื’ ื’ืขื‘ืจืึทื›ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ื’ืจืฑืœื™ืงืข ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช, ื ืึธืš 
ืื™ืŸ ื”ืึทืจื‘ืกื˜ 1941, ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื˜ืขื ืขื ื‘ื•ื™ื ืื™ื– ืึธื ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื‘ืึทืฐืขื’ื•ื ื’ ืึทืŸ ืึธื ืคึฟื™ืจืขืจืฉืึทืคึผื˜ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื”ืึทื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ืฑื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืขืจ ืจื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ -- ืคื•ืŸ 
ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ื™ืจืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืฐืึธืคึฟื ื˜ืŸ ืฐื™ื“ืขืจืฉื˜ืึทื ื“.** ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ, ื•ื™ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜, ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื”ืึทื˜ ื“ื™ ืžืขื’ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืงืขื ืขืŸ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื ืึธืขื ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืึทืฆื™ืฉืข ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ืฉืจื™ื˜ ืงืขื’ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ, ื’ืœืฒึทืš ื ืึธื›ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื‘ืจื•ืš 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืฒึทื™ื˜ืฉ-ืจื•ืกื™ืฉืขืจ ืžืœื—ืžื”. ื–ืฒึทืขื ื“ื™ืง ื ืึธืขื ื˜ ื‘ืึทืคึผืจืฒึทื ื“ืขื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืึธื ืคื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืจื•ืจ-ื”ื—ืœื•ืฅ 
ื‘ืึทื•ื•ืขื’ื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจ-- ืื™ื– ืขืจ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืฉืจืฒื™ื‘ืขืจ, ืื•ื™ื‘ 


44 


ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ, ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืงืขื ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืจืึทืฉื ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื ืคืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทื’ืœืฑื‘ื˜ืข ื—ืœื•ืฆื™ืฉืข 
ืงืฐืึทืœืŸ. ืœืฑื˜ ืฐื™ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืฆื•ืงืขืจืžืึทืŸ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜, ืื™ื– ื™.ืง. ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ, ืึธื ื”ืฒื‘ 1942, ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื™ื™ื ืฆืœื ืข ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข 
ืคื•ืœืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืฆื• ื’ืœื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืจื•ื™ืœ-ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืžืึธืจื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึทืกืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ; 
ืขืจ ืฉืจืฒื™ื‘ื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื™ื™ืง.: "ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื’ืœื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืฐืึธืก ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ืก ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜, ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืื™ื•ื‘-ื‘ืฉื‚ื•ืจื” ืฐืึธืก 
ืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืึธื ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜ ืึทื– ื“ืึธืก ื’ื•ืจืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืฑืœื™ืฉืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื ื˜ื•ื ืื™ื– ื’ืขื—ืชืžืขื˜", 59 

ืžืข ืงืขืŸ ืึทื–ืฑ ืึทืจื•ื ืจืขื–ื•ืžื™ืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืึทื– ืก'ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจืึทืŸ ืึทืŸ ืขื ื’ืข ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ืขื ืฐืึธืก ื™.ืง. ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืชึผืงื•ืคื” ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทืฐื•ึผืกื˜ื–ื™ื ื™ืง ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื‘ืึทื˜ืฒื˜ 
ืคื•ึผืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื ืึทืฆื™ืฉืขืจ ื‘ืึทื”ืึทื ื“ืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ, ืึทื–ืฑ ืฐื•ื™ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึทื ื˜ืฐื™ืงืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืจื•ื ื˜-ื‘ืึทื•ื•ืขื’ื•ื ื’ 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขื™ืงืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึธื ืคื™ืจืขืจืฉืึทืคื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืจื•ืจ-ื”ื—ืœื•ืฅ. ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืฐืฒึทื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืืฑื™ืกื’ืขืฉืขืคึผื˜ ื“ื™ 
ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทืืฒึทื ืคืœื•ืกื˜ ื™.ืง'ืก ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคืขื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทื ืขืžืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ 
ื’ืœืฒึทื™ืš ื‘ื™ึทื™ื ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ื“ืขื ืคื•ืœืŸ ื‘ืึทื˜ืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืึทืฆื™ืฉืŸ ืืฑืกืจืึธื˜ื•ื ื’ืก-ืคึผืœืึทืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืึธืคึผืขืจืึทื˜ื™ื•ื• ื‘ืขืช 
ื“ืขืจ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉืขืจ ืื™ื ืฐืึทื–ื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžื–ืจื—-ื’ืขื‘ื™ื˜ืŸ." ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืกืคึผืขืงื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื™-ืง'ืก ืฉืึทืคืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื›ึผืžืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ 
ื’ืึทื ืฆืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื‘ืขืช ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืคึผืจื•ึผื•ื• ืฆื• ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจื’ืขืงื•ืžืขื ืข ื•ื•ืขื ื“ื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืึทืคื•ื ื’, 
ืึธื ืคืึทื ื’ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคื™ื ืคื˜ืขืจ ืชึผืงื•ืคื” ืื•ืŸ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ, ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื“ื™ืึทืœืขืงื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ื›ืึทืจืึทืงื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืึทืคืŸ ืคื•ืŸ 
ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ืžืœื—ืžื” ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื“ืจื•ืง ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืจืึทื ื’ืœืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืงื–ื™ืกื˜ืขื ืฆื™ืึทืœืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืึทื˜ื™ืง ืฐืึธืก 
ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื. 

ื›ึผื“ื™ ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืฉืจืฒึทื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื ื“ื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื™.ืง'ืก ืฉืึทืคืŸ, ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืคืึธืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืกื™ืงื™ื™ื˜- 
ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก ื•ื•ืขื ืŸ ืืžืชืŸ ื‘ืึทื˜ืฒื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืื•ืžืงื•ื ืื™ืŸ ื ืึทืฆื™ืฉืข ื”ืขื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืกืึธืฆื™ืึทืœืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ-ืงืึธื ื˜ืขืงืกื˜, ื•ื™ 
ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜-- ื“ืึทืจืฃ ืžืขืŸ ืึธื ืคืึทื ื’ืขืŸ ืึธื ืฐืฒึทื–ื ื“ื™ืง ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึทืœืข ื™ืขื ืข ืึทืกืคึผืขืงื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจืžืœื—ืžื”ื“ื™ืงืŸ ืฉืึทืคืŸ 
ืฐืึธืก ื”ืขืœืคืŸ ืงืœืึธืจ ืฆื• ืžืึทื›ืŸ ืคืึทืจ ืฐืึธืก ื™.ืง., ืื™ืŸ ืงืขื’ื ื–ืึทืฅ ืืคืฉืจ ืฆื• ืึธื ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขื ืข ื“ืขื•ืช, ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื˜ืึทืงืข 
ื’ืฒื™ืกื˜ื™ืง ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ, ืฆื• ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขื ืขื•ืœ ืคืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื”ืจื’ืขื˜ืŸ 
ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืึธืœืง ื• 

ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ืึธ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืึธืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืกืคื™ืจืœืขืš ืฆื• ื‘ืึทื”ืึทื ื“ืœืขืŸ ื™-ืง'ืก ืฉืึทืคื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื•ื•ืขืœื˜-ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืš 
ืคึผืจื™ึดืขืจ, ื›ึผื“ื™ ืฆื• ื›ืึทืจืึทืงื˜ืขืจื™ื–ื™ืจืŸ ื–ืฒึทื™ืŸ ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจื™ืฉืข ืจืขืึทืงืฆื™ืข ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืจื“ื™ืคื•ืช ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื ื™ืึธืจื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ ื‘ื™ื– 
ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜-ืžืœื—ืžื”. ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืึธื ืฐืฒึทื–ืŸ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ืคึผืึธืจ ืฆืขื ื˜ืจืึทืœืข ืึทืกืคึผืขืงื˜ืŸ, ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื 
ืฉื˜ืึทื ื“ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜, ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืคืึทืจืžืœื—ืžื”ื“ื™ืงืข ื•ื•ืขืจืง-- ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื‘ืึทืœืฒึทื›ื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทืฐืฒึทื–ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื•ื•ื™ืคืœ ื™.ืง. ืื™ื– ื™ืึธ 
ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทื ืขืžืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื ืึทืฆื™ืฉืขืจ ืขื ื“ื’ื™ืœื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืœื™ื™ื–ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื™ื™ึดื“ื ืคืจืึทื’ืข. ืขืก ืื™ื– ืงืœืึธืจ ืึทื– ื“ืึธืก ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ืข ื‘ืขืช ื“ืขืจ ืžืœื—ืžื”-ืฆืฒื™ื˜ ืื™ื– ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก ืึทืŸ 
ืื•ืžื“ืขืจืฐื•ืึทืจื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืœื“ ื ืฒึทืข ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉ ืคืึทืจ ืื™ื. ืื™ืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ืคืึทืจืžืœื—ืžื”ื“ื™ืงืข ืฉืจื™ืคื˜ืŸ, ืงืขืŸ 
ืžืขืŸ ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข ืฆืฒึทื˜ืŸ ืึทื–ืฑื ืข ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืจื™ืฉืŸ ืฐืขืœื˜ื‘ืึทื ืขื, ืฐืึธืก ืึทื ื˜ืคึผืœืขืงืŸ 
ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื“ื™ ืคืขื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขื ื˜ืึธืคึผืœื˜ืŸ ืขื•ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ืขืจ ืงืึธื ืคึผืจืึธื ื˜ืึทืฆื™ืข ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื˜ื•ื˜ 
(ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืœืขื‘ื•ื ื’ืก-ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜) ืกืฒึทื™ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื ื“ื™ืฐื•ื™ื“ื•ืึทืœืขืจ ื•ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ-ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฆื™ืฉืขืจ 
ืขืงื–ื™ืกื˜ืขื ืฅ. ืžืขืŸ ืงืขืŸ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืึทื– ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื“ืจืฒึทืกื™ืงืขืจ ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืึทื ื˜ืฐื™ืงืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื™.ืง'ืก ืฉืึทืคืŸ ืึทืŸ ืขืงื–ืึทืงื˜ืข 
ืื™ื ื˜ื•ื™ึดื˜ื™ื•ื•ืข ื“ืขืจืงืขื ื˜ืขื ื™ืฉ ืฐืึธืก ืฉืึทืฆื˜ ืจื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืึธืคึผ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืขื˜ ืคืึธืจื•ืก ื“ืขื ื’ื•ืจืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืืฒื™ืจืึธืคึผืข ื‘ื›ืœืœ 
ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืฑืœืŸ ื‘ืคืจื˜. 

ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืฉืจื™ืคื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ืžืœื—ืžื” ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ ืž ืžื™ืจ ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ืข ืจืขืึทื’ื™ืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื• ืจื“ื™ืคื•ืช ืื•ื™ืฃ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ, 
ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื‘ืึทื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืŸ ืงืึธื ื˜ืขืงืกื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืžืžื™ืœื ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคึฟื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขื ืฐืึธืก ื•ืขื˜ ื’ืขืฉืขืŸ, ืœื•ื˜ ื•ื™ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืึธืจื’ืขืคื™ืœื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึธืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื–ืขืŸ. ื“ืึธืก ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ืึธืจ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 


15 


ืคึผืึธืขื–ื™ืข, ื ืึธืจ ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคึผื•ื‘ืœื™ืฆื™ืกื˜ื™ืง. ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืš ืžืขืจ, ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขืคึผืœืฒึทืกื˜ ืฆื• 
ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจืŸ, ืงืœืึธืจ ืื•ืŸ ืฉืึทืจืฃ, ื“ื™ ื“ื™ืึทืœืขืงื˜ื™ืง ืฐืึธืก ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืœื™ื’ื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืจื™ืฉืข ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทืœื˜ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคึฟื•ืŸ 
ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ืจืขืึทื’ื™ืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื• ืจื“ื™ืคื•ืช ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืึธื’ืจืึธืžืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื“ื•ืจ, ืคื•ืŸ ืงื™ืฉื™ื ื™ืขื•ื• ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื– ืคึผืฉื™ื˜ื™ืง, 
ื’ืจืึธื“ื ืข, ืžื™ื ืกืง ืžืึทื–ืึธืฐื™ืขืฆืง ืื•ืŸ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ -- ื‘ื™ื–ืŸ ืึธื ื”ืฒื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜-ืžืœื—ืžื”. ื“ืึธืก ื˜ื•ื˜ ืขืจ, ืื™ืŸ 
ื™ืึธืจ 1937, ืฐืฒึทืœ ืขืจ ืคื™ืœื˜ ืึทื– ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ื”ืขืจืฉื˜ ืึท ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜ืข ืžื™ืกืคืึทืจืฉื˜ืขื ื“ืขื ื™ืฉ 
ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืืžืชืŸ ื›ืึทืจืึทืงื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืึทืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืข ืฆืฒึทื˜ืŸ ืคืึทืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ.' ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจืžืึธืกื˜ืŸ ืฆื• ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทืœื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื“ืคืึธืจื ื“ืขื ืึทืœื’ืขืžืฒื ืขื ื–ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸืจื“ื™ืคื•ืช ื ืึธืš ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ 
ืžืœื—ืžื”, ืื™ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ ืชืจืฆ"ื– ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉืŸ ืœื™ื“ "ื™ื“ืขืชื™"ื™; 


"ื™ื“ืขืชื™, ืืชื! ื™ื“ืขืชื™, ืืชื! ื•ืœื ื•, ืœื ื•, 
ืืชื ื”ื‘ืจื•ื›ื™ื, ืืชื ื”ืฉืœื™ื˜ื™ื, ืœื ื• ืœืžื•ืช, 
ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ื—ื™ื, ืืชื ื”ื“ื™ื ื™ื, ืœื ื• ืœืกืœื— -- 
ืืชื ื”ื ื—ื ื™ื, ืœื›ื ื”ืฉื•ื˜ื™ื, ืื•ื™ ืœื ื•. 
ืืชื ืขื ื”ืกื’ื•ืœื”! ืœื›ื ื”ื‘ืจืงื ื™ื! 
ื•ืื ื—ื ื•, ืื ื•-- ืืชื ื”ืžืžื™ื˜ื™ื ื™ื“ืขืชื™, ืืชื! 
ืœื ื• ื›ืฉืช ื”ืคื ื™ื ื•ืžืจื™ืžื™ ื”ืขื•ืœ, ืืชื ื”ื—ื•ืจื™ื. 
ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืฆื•ืœื”, ื•ื™ื•ื–ืžื™ ื”ืžื–ื™ืžื”, ืืชื ื”ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื 
ืื•ื™ ืœื ื•... ื•ืื•ืžืจื™ ื”ืืžืŸ... ื•ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืื•ืŸ, 
ืœื›ื ืฆื“ ื”ื™ืžื™ืŸ, ืœื›ื ื”ื”ื•ื“ื™ื”, 
ื™ื“ืขืชื™, ืืชื! ื•ืœื ื• ื”ืฉืžืืœ... ืœื›ื ื”ืฉื‘ื—! 
ืึถืชื ื”ืกืœืช, ื”ืฉืื•ืœ, ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ืฆืืŸ, 
ืืชื ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื™ื, ื’ืœ ื”ื—ื•ืœ, ื”ืฆืืŸ ืœื˜ื‘ื—-- 
ืืชื ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืจื™ื, ื”ื›ืœื™ืžื”, ืืฑ ืœืž . 
ื•ืœื›ื ื”ื™ื›ืœืช... ื”ื“ืžืขื” - 
ื•ืื ื—ื ื•, ืื ื—ื ื•, ืืฑื™ ืœื ื•! 
ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ืคืกืœืช, 
ืžื›ื ื•, ืฉื•ื—ื—ื ื• 
ื™ื“ืขืชื™, ืœื›ื! 
ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ืžืคืœืช-- 
ืœื›ื ื”ืฆื“ืงื”, 
ืื•ื™ ืœื ื•! 
ืœื›ื ื”ื—ื–ืงื”... 
ื™ื“ืขืชื™, ืœื›ื! ื•ืœื ื•, ืœื ื•-- 
ืœื›ื ื”ื™ืจื•ืฉื”, ืœื ื• ืžื•ืขืงื”, 
ืœื›ื ื”ื ื—ืœื” ืื•ื™ ืœื ื•... 
ื•ื”ืกืื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืฉื”... 
ื•ืœื ื• ื”ื‘ื•ืฉื”, ื™ื“ืขืชื™, ืœื›ื! 
ืœื ื• ื”ื›ืื‘, ืœื›ื ื”ื›ื—, 
ืœื ื• ื”ืžื—ืœื” ืœื›ื ื”ืจืฉื•ืช, 
ื•ืฉื‘ืจื•ืŸ ื”ืœื‘-- ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืจืฆื—, 
ืืฑื™ ืœื ื• ืœืจืฆื—, ืœืฉืžื—... 


6 


ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืŸ ืฉื˜ืึทืจืงืŸ ืืฒึทื ื“ืจื•ืง ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธื’ืจืึธืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืฑืœืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ืึธืจืŸ 
5, ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืก'ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจื”ืจื’ืขื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฆืขื ื“ืœื™ืงืขืจ ืคึผืึทืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข ืขืจื˜ืขืจ, 
ืื•ืŸ ืขืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื“ืจืฒึท ืžืขืจื“ืขืจื™ืฉืข ืึธื ืคืึทืœืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืจืฒึท ื’ืจืขืกืขืจืข ืฉื˜ืขื˜: ื’ืจืึธื“ื ืข, 
ืคึผืฉื™ื˜ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื ืกืง-ืžืึทื–ืึธื•ื™ืขืฆืง, ืฐื•ึผ ืขืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืคืึทืœืŸ ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ืื•ืŸ ืคื™ืœ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืคืึทืจืฐื•ึผื ื“ืขื˜.*? ืื™ืŸ 
ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืฆื™ื˜ื™ืจื˜ืŸ ืœื™ื“ ืื™ื– ืžืขืจ ืคืึทืจืึทืŸ ื•ื™ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืึท ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืคื™ืฉ ืจืขืึทื’ื™ืจืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ื‘ืขืช ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธืจื’ืจืึธืžืขืŸ 
ืื™ืŸ ืคึผื•ืœืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜. ืื•ื™ื‘ ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืึทื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืŸ ื“ืขื ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื“, ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืึทืœื“ ืึทื– ืขืจ ื“ืจื™ืงื˜ ืื•ื™ืก 
ืึท ืกืš ืžืขืจ ืฐื™ ื‘ืœืฑื– ืึท ืกืคึผืึธื ื˜ืึทื ืข ืจืขืึทืงืฆื™ืข, ืฐืฒึทืœ ื“ืขืจ ืฐื•ืขืจื‘ "ื™ื“ืขืชื™" ืื™ื– ืคืึธืจืžื•ืœื™ืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืคึฟืึทืจื’ืึทื ื’ืขื ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜: ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ืึธืจ ื“ืึธืก-- ืขืก ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ืคึฟืึทืจืึทืŸ ืึทืŸ ืขื ื’ืข ืคึฟืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ 
ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื˜ื™ื˜ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื“ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืื™ืžืคึผืœื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืึทื ืฆืขืจ ืœื™ื“ืกื˜ืจื•ืงื˜ื•ืจ. ื“ืึธืก ืฐืึธืจื˜ "ื™ื“ืขืชื™" ืื™ื– 
ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ืึธืจ ืึท ื˜ื™ื˜ืœ, ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืึท ืฉืœื™ืกืœืฐืึธืจื˜ ืฐืึธืก ื—ื–ืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื‘ื™ึทื™ื ืึธื ืคืึทื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ 
ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ื™ื‘ืŸ ืกื˜ืจืึธืคืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื“. ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื‘ืึทื˜ืึธื ื˜ ืึท ื“ืขืึทื’ื™ืจืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืกืคึผืึธื ื˜ืึทืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ื™ืง, ื’ืึธืจ ืคืึทืจืงืขืจื˜-- ืขืก ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื‘ืึทื˜ืึธื ื˜ ืึท ื•ื•ื™ืกื™ืงื™ื™ื˜-ืžืฆื‘ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืœืึทื ื’ ืคืึทืจ ื“ื™ 
ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืžืขื’ืœืขื›ืข ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื“, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืกื™ื‘ื”. ืฐืฒึทืœ ื“ื™ ืžืึธืจื“ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืึธื ืคืึทืœืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ 
ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืช ืคึผืึธื’ืจืึธืžืขืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขืฐื•ึผื ืงืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื“, ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ืึทื ืขืŸ-- ืœื•ื™ื˜ืŸ ื˜ื™ื˜ืœ, ืื•ืŸ ืœื•ื™ื˜ืŸ 
ืึธื ืคืึทื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืกื˜ืจืึธืคืข -- ื ืึธืจ ืฐื™ ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจ ืึท ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ืคื•ืŸ ืคืจื™ืขืจ ืคืึทืจืึทืŸ ื˜ื™ืฃ 
ืืฒึทื ื’ืขืงืจื™ืฆื˜ ื‘ืฒึทื ืคึผืึธืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฆืŸ. 

ื“ืึธืก ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ืคื•ืŸ 1937-1935 ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงืŸ, ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืงื•ื“ื ื›ึผืœ, ืžื™ื˜ืŸ 
ืฆืขื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ "ืืชื" ืื•ืŸ "ืื ื—ื ื•" -- "ืื™ืจ" ืื•ืŸ "ืžื™ืจ" -- ืึท ืฆืขื˜ื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– 
ืึทืœืฒืŸ ืืฑืš ืึท ืกื˜ืจื•ืงื˜ื•ืจ-ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ ืฐืึธืก ื—ื–ืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืกื˜ืจืึธืคืข ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื•ื™ื˜, ืคืึทืงื˜ื™ืฉ, ื“ื™ 
ืคืึธืจืžืขืœืข ืจืึทื ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื“. ื“ืขืจ "ืื ื—ื ื•", ื“ืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ืขื ื“ืœืขืš, ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื "ืืชืก" ืจืขื“ื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ 
ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืขื˜ ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ื™ืžืขืŸ ืœื•ื™ื˜ืŸ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื“ ืึทืœื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืžืขืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ื ื˜ืœืขืš 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื ืขืŸ. ืฆื™ ืžื™ื™ื ื˜ ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉื”ื™ื™ื˜, ืฆื™ ืžื™ื™ื ื˜ ืขืจ ื“ืึธืก ืคึผืฑืœื™ืฉืข ืคืึธืœืง, ืฆื™ ื’ืึธืจ ื ืึธืจ ื“ื™ 
ืคึผืึธื’ืจืึธืžืฉื˜ืฉื™ืงืขืก ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ืžื™ื˜ื”ืขืœืคืขืจ? ืื•ื ื“ื– ืงืขืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืึทืจื•ื™ืกื”ืขืœืคืŸ ื‘ืฒึทื ืื™ื“ืขื ื˜ื™ืคื™ืฆื™ืจืŸ ื“ืขื 
"ืืชื", ื“ืึธืก ืฐืึธืก ื™.ืง. ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื”ืงื“ืžื” ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ ืชืจืฆ"ื–. ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจืึทืŸ ืึท ืฆืขื˜ื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ 
ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืคืึทืจืคืึธืœื’ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื‘ื™ื– ื’ืึธืจ ืขื ืœืขื›ืŸ ืงืึธื ื˜ืขืงืกื˜, ื•ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื“. ืขืจ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื˜: "ืžืฒึทืŸ ื’ืึธื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืžื™ืš ื˜ืึทืงืข ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธืคืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืขืจ ืฉืขื”, ื‘ืฒึท ืžืฒึทื ืข ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ืข ืžืขืฉื‚ื™ื, ื‘ืขืช ืžืขืฉื‚ื”-ื–ื™ื ื’ืขืŸ... ื˜ืึทืงืข, 
ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคืึทืจืึทืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืžืคื™ืœื‘ืึทืจืขืจืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจื’ืจืขื‘ื˜ืขืจืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืœ-ื”ืฉื™ืจ! ื“ืขืจ ืงื‘"ื” ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืžื™ืš ื ืึธืš 
ืคืจืขื’ืŸ: ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ืจ ื“ื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœื”? ืžื™ื™ื ืข ื–ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื“ืขืจื˜ืจื•ื ืงืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื™ื ืื•ืŸ ื“ื• ื–ืึธื’ืกื˜ ืฉื™ืจื”? ื”ืœื•ื•ืื™ ื–ืึธืœ 
ืขืจ ืžื™ืš ืคืจืขื’ืŸ! ื ืึธืจ ืื•ืžื–ื™ืกื˜, ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคืจืขื’ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืžื™ืš ืžืฒึทืŸ ื’ืึธื˜... ืขืจ ืคืจืขื’ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ืึธืš... ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืฆืจื™ื, ื•ืขื’ืŸ 
ื“ื™ ืจื•ื“ืค ื™ื, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื“ืขืจื˜ืจื•ื ืงืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื™ื, ื“ื™ ืคึผืึทืจืคึผืึธืœื’ื˜ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืœื™ื‘, ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืœืฒื™ื“ื™ืงื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ 
ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื‘ืึทืœื™ื™ื“ื™ืงื ื“ื™ืงืข ื•ื•ืขื ื“ื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜. ื•ื™ ืžื™ืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื–ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ... ืฉื˜ืึทืจื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื ื’ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ 
ืžื™ืจ ืœื™ื‘. ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืœื™ื‘ ืฆื• ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื ื˜ื•ื˜, ืก'ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜, ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืฆื•ื ืขืฉืึทืคึฟืึธื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื ื’ืขืŸ... ืื•ื™ืš ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžืขืŸ 
ืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืึทืฐืขืง ืฆื•ื ื•ื•ืึทื ื˜, ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขืฐื•ื™ื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ืฆื•ื”ืขืจืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขื ื’ืขื–ืึทื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืชึผืคื™ืœื”. ืึธื˜ 
ื“ืึธืก ืจื’ื™ืœื•ืช ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฒึท ืื•ื ื“ื– ืึท ื ืึทื˜ื•ืจื–ืึทืš, ืžื™ืจ ื–ื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืคืึทืจื‘ืจืขื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืฒึทืขืจ ืื•ืŸ 
ืฐืึธืœืงื ืก ืจื•ื™ืš. ืžื™ืจ ื–ื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืจืขื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืึธืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื–ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืœ-ืขืœื˜ืขืจ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ 1937" 15 

ื“ืึธืก ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ "ืฆื•ื ืฐืึทื ื˜" ืคืึทืจืฐืึทื ื“ืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืกื™ืžื‘ืึธืœ ืื™ืŸ ื™-ืง'ืก ืฉืึทืคืŸ, ืึท ืกื™ืžื‘ืึธืœ ืฐืึธืก ื“ืจื™ืงื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ืกืฒื™ 
ื“ืขื ืขืงื–ื™ืกื˜ืขื ืฆื™ืึทืœืŸ ืžืขืžื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืึธืขื˜ื™ืฉืŸ "ืื™ืš" ืื•ืŸ ืกืฒึทื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฆืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ื›ึผืœืœ. ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืจืฒึทืกื™ืงืขืจ ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ 
ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ื“ืขืจืฉืฒึทื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ืžืึธื˜ื™ื•ื• ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื ืฐืึทื ื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ 


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ืกื™ืžื‘ืึธืœ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื˜ ืฆื• ืขืจืฉื˜ ื•ื™ ืขืก ื“ืึทื›ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึท ืคึผืขืจื–ืขื ืœืขื›ืŸ ืžืฆื‘ ืฐืขืจื˜ ืฆื• ืขื ื“ ืึทืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื“ืจื•ืง 
ืคืึทืจืŸ ืžืฆื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ื›ึผืœืœ. ื“ืึธืก ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื ืฐืึทื ื˜, ืฆื™ ืคืึทืจ ืึท ืฐืึทื ื˜, ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื’ืขื˜ืึธื“ืฉืจื™ืคื˜ืŸ -- ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื’ืขื ื•ื™ ืื•ืŸ 
ื–ืึธืจื’ืคื•ืœ ืึทื ื˜ืฐื™ืงืœื˜, ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจื™ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื–ื•ืขืœ ื“ืจืึทืžืึทื˜ื™ื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื ืข, ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืึท ืจืขืึทืœื™ื–ืึทืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืึท 
ืžืขื˜ืึทืคืึธืจ ืฐืึธืก ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืึทืจื•ื ืื™ืŸ ื™-ืง'ืก ืฉืจื™ืคื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืจืฒึทืกื™ืงืขืจ ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืึธืŸ: ืื™ืŸ ืึธืจื™ื’ื™ื ืขืœืŸ ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“ ืคื•ืŸ "ืขืœ 
ื ื”ืจื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืœ" ืฆื™ื™ื›ื ื˜ ืึธืŸ ื™.ืง. ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืขืจ ื”ืึทื ื˜ ื“ื™ ื˜ื•ื™ืขืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืœ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึธืจื ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืžื•ื™ืขืจ ืฐืึธืก 
ืฆืขืฉื™ื™ื“ื˜ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ื•ืœื™ื ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืœ ** ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืกืฆืขื ื™ืฉืขืจ ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื•ื ื’ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜: "ื“ื™ 
ืคืึทืจืžืึทื›ื˜ืข ื˜ืฑื™ืขืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืœ ืคืึทืจื ืขืžืขืŸ ืึท ื’ืจื•ืกืŸ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ื ืขื ืžื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืจื•ื ื˜". ื“ื™ ืžื—ื™ืฆื•ืช ืฐื•ืขืจืŸ 
ืคืึธืจื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื›ืขื ื•ื ื’ ืœื™ื ืงืก ืฆื• ืื•ืŸ ืจืขื›ื˜ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืฑื™ืขืจืŸ ื•ื™ ืึท ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทืจื™ืขืจ ืฐืึธืก ืคื™ืœื˜ ืึธืŸ ื“ื™ 
ื”ืึธืจื™ื–ืึธื ื˜-ืœื™ื ื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื•ืฉื•ื™ืขืจ. ืขืก ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืึทื–ืฑ ืึทืจื•ื ื’ืขืฉืึทืคืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืกืฆืขื ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืจื™ื˜ืŸ ืึทืงื˜ ืึท ืžื™ืŸ ื’ืขืคื™ืœ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืœืึธืงื™ืจื˜ืขืจ ืคืึทืจืฉืคึผืึทืจื˜ืงืฒื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ืœืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืžื™ืŸ ืžื•ื™ืขืจ ืฐืึธืก ืฆืขืฉื™ื™ื“ื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ื•ืœื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืฅ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– 
ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜."" ื“ืขืจ ืึทืœื˜ืขืจ ืงื•ืœื™ื”, ืึท ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืจืึทืžืข, ื‘ืึทืฆื™ึดืขื ื“ื™ืง ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ื ื’ืึทื ืฆืŸ 
ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ื˜ื•ื™ืขืจืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืžื—ื™ืฆื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื–ืฒึทื˜ืŸ -- ืคืจืขื’ื˜: "ืคืึทืจ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืึทืฐืขืงื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืคืึทืจ ืึท 
ื‘ืœื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืฐืึทื ื˜?* 

ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืกื™ืžื‘ืึธืœ, ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืฆื• ืขืจืฉื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืœื™ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ ืชืจ"ืฅ, ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ "ืืœื™ 
ืงื™ืจ"*' ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ืขืก ืงื•ืžื˜ ืฆื•ื ืื•ื™ืกื“ืจื•ืง ืึท ื’ืขืคื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืœื™ื ื“ ื’ืขืกืœ, ื‘ื™ึทื™ื ืกื•ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’, 
ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืžืฆื‘ ืฐืึธืก ื“ืขืจืžืขื’ืœืขื›ื˜ ืžืขืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฆื• ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืึธื–ื™ื˜ื™ื•ื• ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคื˜-ื‘ื™ืœื“. ื“ืึธืก ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืคืึทืจืœื™ืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึทื–ืึท 
ืžืฆื‘ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ื‘ืึทื˜ืฒึทื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืงืขืจ ืฉืจื™ื˜ ืฐืึธืก ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ื˜ ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ ืื™ื– ืฆืขืฉืžืขื˜ืขืจืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืึธืคึผ ืึธืŸ ืฐืึทื ื˜, 
ืฐืฒึทืœ ื“ื™ ื‘ืจื™ืจื” ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ื˜: ืึธื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึทืกื™ื•ื• ืึธื ื ืขืžืขืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืึทืงื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืงื–ื™ืกื˜ืขื ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืฐืึทื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขื ื“ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืขื’, ืึธื“ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืฐืึทืจืคืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืฐืึทื ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืœืฒึทื‘ ืื•ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืฐืฒึทืœ ืžืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืœ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฉืœื•ื ืžืึทื›ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืคืึทืงื˜, 
ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืก ืึท ื™ื™ืื•ืฉื“ื™ืงืŸ ืคึผืจื•ึผื•ื• ื“ื™ ืฐืึทื ื˜ ื’ื•ื‘ืจ ืฆื• ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืœื™ื™ื“ื™ืงืข ื”ืขื ื˜. ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืขื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ "ืื™ืš", ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื 
ืœื™ื“ ืึท ื’ื™ื™ืขืจ ืฐืึธืก ื™ืœ ื’ืœื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืึทื– ืขืก ืฆื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ืึธืš ืึท ื•ื•ืขื’ ืคืึทืจ ืื™ื, ืฐืฒึทืœ ืœื•ื˜ ื–ืฒึทื™ืŸ ื’ืขืคื™ืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ ื ืึธืจ ืึท 
ื”ืึทืœื‘ืŸ ืฐืขื’ ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืžืึทื›ื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืคืึธืจื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืขืจ ืคืึทืจ ืึท ืฐืึทื ื˜. ื™.ืง. ืคืึธืจืžื•ืœื™ืจื˜ ืขืก ืึทื–ืฑ: 


"ืœื ืืจึธื›ื” ืขื•ื“ ื“ืจื›ื™. ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืชื”, ืจืง ื”ื™ืชื” ืืจึธื›ื”. ื”ื ื” ื”ืงื™ืจ! 

ื”ื ื” ื”ืงื™ืจ! ื›ื‘ื™ ื”ืืฉ ื•ืžืขื˜ื” ืœื™ืœื” ืœื™ ืฆื•ื™, 

ืืช, ื›ื‘ื™ ื ื, ื›ื‘ื™ ืืช ืืฉ ื”ืื‘ื•ืงื” - ื”ืฉืงื™ื ื™ ืžื™ื™ื ืš, ืขื•ืจืจื™ื ื™ ืœืฉื™ืจ -- 
ืฉื›ื•ืจ-ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ืฉืจ -- ืื ื›ื™ ืืช ืจื’ืœึทื™ ืึฒืฉึทื•ึธื”, 

ื›ื‘ื™ ื”ืืฉ ื•ืขื•ื“ ืืืžื™ืŸ: ืœื“ืจืš ืื™ืŸ ืงืฆื”, ื•ืื ืคืฅ ืืช ืจืืฉื™ ืœืงื™ืจ." 

ื•ืื ื›ื™ ืขื‘ืจืชื™ ื”ื—ืฆื™-- 

ื”ื ื” ื”ืงื™ืจ! 


ื›ื‘ื™ ื”ืืฉ ื˜ืจื ืขื•ื“ ื›ืฉืœื” ื”ื‘ืจืš, 
ื”ืฉืœื™ื›ื™ ืžื™ื“ ื”ืื‘ื•ืงื”, -- 

ื”ื™ืชื” ืืจึธื›ื” ื”ื“ืจืš -- 

ื”ื™ื ื”ื•ืœื›ื” ื•ืชืžื”, -- 

ื”ื™ืชื” ืจื‘ื‘ื•ืช ืคืจืกื” ืืจื•ื›ื”, 
ื•ื ื•ืชืจื” ืจืง ืืžื”. 


48 


ื‘ืœืฒื™ื‘ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจื’ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืฐืึทื ื˜, ืฐืึธืก ืคืึทืจ ืึท ื•ื•ืขื’ ืื™ื– ืขืก? ืึธืŸ 
ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ืคืœ, ื“ื™ ืงืึทื ื˜ื™ื ื•ึทื˜ืขื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืจื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืฐืึธืก ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื’ ืกื™ืžื‘ืึทืœื™ื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื˜, ื“ืึธืก ื ืึธื›ืึทื ืึทื ื“ื™ืงืข 
ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืึธืขื˜ื™ืฉืŸ "ืื™ืš", ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื’ ืื™ื– ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืš ืคืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืึธืจื˜ ืฆื• ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืจืขื‘ื˜ ืฆื• 
ื“ืขืจื’ื™ื™ืŸ. ืขืก ืื™ื– ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืกืคืง ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึทื– ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืขื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ "ืื™ืš" ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก ืฐื•ื•ึผื”ื™ืŸ ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ืœ ื“ืขืจื’ื™ื™ืŸ, ืฐืฒึทืœ ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื“ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ 
ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืึทื– ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืึท ื”ืึทืœื‘ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ ืึทื“ื•ืจืš. ืก'ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜, ืึทื– ืึท ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจืึทืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขื 
ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคื˜-ื‘ื™ืœื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืึธืขื˜ื™ืฉืŸ "ืื™ืš". ืื•ืŸ ืฐื™ื“ืขืจ, ื“ื™ ืฐืึทื ื˜, ืฐืึธืก ืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื–ื™ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคืึธืจ? 

ื‘ืฒึทื™ ื“ืขื ืกื•ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื“ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืฐืึทื ื˜ ืคืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜, ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืงื“ืžื” ืคื•ืŸ ืชืจืฆ"ื– ืฆื• ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื“ืจืฒื™ 
ื‘ืขื ื“ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ึดืฉืข ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืฐืึทื ื˜ ืคืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜. ื“ื™ ืฐืึทื ื˜ ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฆืฒืฒื™ื˜ืฐืฒึทืœื™ืงืขืจ ืžื›ืฉื•ืœ ื ืึธืจ 
ื“ืขืจ ืึทื‘ืกืึธืœื•ื˜ืขืจ ืกื•ืฃ. ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ "ืขืœ ื ื”ืจื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืœ" ืœื•ื˜ ื“ื™ ืจื™ื™ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืงื•ืœื™ื”, ืื™ื– ืขืก ืึทื–ืฑ: "ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืฑื™ืขืจ ื“ืึธ, ืื™ืŸ 
ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ื›'ื“ืึทืจืฃ ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ - / ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืึทืจืฑืก ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืžืขืจ.../ ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ ื ื™ื˜ ืึธื ื–ืขืŸ ืžืขืจ ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ึทื™ืข/ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜, ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”ืก 
ืœืึทื ื“... '" (ื“ืึธืจื˜, ื–ื™ 71). ื“ื™ ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจืฉื ื™ื˜ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืจื˜ "ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”ืก ืœืึทื ื“" ืฐืึธืก ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ 
ืงื•ืœื™ื”ืก ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืึท ืกื™ื ืึธื ื™ื ืคื•ืŸ "ื“ื™ ืคืจืฒึทื™ืข ื•ื•ืขืœื˜". ืื™ืŸ "ืขืœ ื ื”ืจื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืœ" ืฆืขืฉื™ื™ื“ื˜ ื˜ืึทืงืข ื“ืขืจ ืžื•ื™ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ 
ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜: ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืฉืจืืฆืจ, ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื›ื˜ืขืจ ื‘ืฒึท ื“ื™ ื˜ื•ื™ืขืจืŸ: "ื”ืขื™, ืขืคื ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ื™ืš, ื˜ื•ื™ืขืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืœ! ืขืคืŸ 
ื–ื™ืš, ืึธ, ืชึผื”ื•ื!" ืื•ืŸ ื™. ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ ื’ื™ื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืฆื• ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืกืฆืขื ื™ืฉืขืจ ืึธื ืฐืฒึทื–ื•ื ื’: "ื“ื™ ื˜ื•ืขืจืŸ ืขืคืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ 
ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื–ืฒื™ื˜ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ, ืขืก ืึทื ื˜ืคึผืœืขืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคืึทืจ ืึทืœืขืžืขืŸ ืึท ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจืขืจ ืชึผื”ื•ื" -- ืื•ืŸ ื’ืœืฒึทื™ืš ื ืึธืš ื“ืขื 
ืคืึทืจืขื ื“ื™ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ื™ ื“ืจืึทืžืข ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ื ื‘ื™ื ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœืก ื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืจื•ืงืขื ืข ื‘ื™ื™ื ืขืจ (ื–ืข ื“ืึธืจื˜, ื–ื™ 133). 

ื“ืึธืก ืฐืึธืก ื’ืขืคื™ื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ืฐืึทื ื˜, ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื”ื•ืช ืื™ื– -- ืึท ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื• ืขืคึผืขืก, 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืฐืึธืก ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ืฐืึทื ื˜, ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ืจื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืคืึทืจืŸ ืœื™ื“ "ืืœื™ ืงื™ืจ" ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ ืชืจ"ืฅ. 
ืึทืคื™ืœื• ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ืงืขืŸ ื’ืขืœื™ื™ืขื ื˜ ืฐื•ืขืจืŸ ื•ื™ ืึทืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื“ืจื•ืง ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืขืจื–ืขื ืœืขื›ืขืจ ื‘ืึทื“ืจืขื ื’ืขื ื™ืฉ, ื•ื™ ืึท 
ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆืฒื˜ืคืึทืจืœืฑืฃ ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ืขืœื˜ืขืจืŸ ื–ื™ืš? ืื•ืŸ ืึทืคื™ืœื• ืื•ื™ืš ื•ื™ ืึท ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื’ื™ึทื™ืกื˜ื™ืงืŸ 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจื‘ืจื•ืš ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืžื™ื˜ืขืœืข ื™ืึธืจ (ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื“ืึทืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึทืจื•ื 44 ื™ืึธืจ ืึทืœื˜) ืฐืึธืก ืจื™ื›ื˜ ืึธืคึผ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ-ื”ื ืคืฉ"?-- ื˜ืึธืจืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคืึทืจื–ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืข ืคืึทืงื˜ืŸ: (ื) ืึทื– ื“ืึธืก ื’ืขืคื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืœื™ื ื“ ื’ืขืกืœ ืื•ืŸ 
ืื•ืžื–ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ, ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข ืฉืึทืคื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™.ืง. ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ื ืข 
ืฆื•ืึทื ืฆื™ืงืขืจ ื™ืึธืจืŸ, ื ืึธืš ื‘ื™ึทื™ื ืึธื ื”ืฒื™ื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืึธืจื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜: (ื‘) ืก'ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคืึทืจืึทืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ื“ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืงืข ืฆืขื˜ื™ื™ืœื•ื ; 
ืื™ืŸ ื™-ืง'ืก ืฉืึทืคืŸ, ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ืขื ืคึผืขืจื–ืขื ืœืขื›ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืึทืœื’ืขืžืฒื ืขื ืึทืกืคึผืขืงื˜. ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืกื™ืžื‘ืึธืœืŸ 
ืฐืึธืก ื“ืจื™ืงืŸ ืื•ื™ืก ื‘ืฒึท ื™.ืง. ื›ึผืœื•ืžืจืฉื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืึท ืคึผืขืจื–ืขื ืœืขื›ืŸ ืžืฆื‘, ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืคืึทืจืฐืึทื ื“ืœื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ืื™ืŸ ืึท 
ืื•ื™ืกื“ืจื•ืง ืคืึทืจืŸ ืžืฆื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ื›ึผืœืœื™ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืœื•ืช. ืึทื–ืฑ ืึทืจื•ื ืงืขืŸ ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื–ื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจื’ืœืฒึทื›ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ 
ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืฐืึธืก ื™.ืง. ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื‘ืฒึทื™ื ืึธื ืคืึทื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืึธืจื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜, ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืขืก ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš 
ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืœืฒึทื›ืฆืฒึทื˜ื™ืง-- ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืขืจื–ืขื ืœืขื›ืขืจ ืึทืกืคึผืขืงื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึทืœื’ืขืžืฒื ืขืจ. 
ืฆืฐืึทืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืฐื™ "ืคื—ื“ื™ื" (ืชืจืก"ื’), ืื•ืŸ "ืฉืžืžื•ืŸ" (ืชืจืก"ื’), ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื˜ ืขืจ ืึท ืคึผืึธืขืžืข ืฐืขื’ืŸ 
ืงื™ืฉืขื ื™ืขื•ื•ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธืžืขืœืขืจ ืคึผืึธื’ืจืึธื, ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ "ื”ืคืจืขื•ืช ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื•; ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื" (ืชืจืก"ื“),'* ื•ื™ ืื•ื™ืš 
ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ "ืืœื’ื™ื”" (ืชืจืก"ื“) 52 

ื“ื™ ืืฒื™ื ืฆื™ื™ื˜ื™ืงืข ืขืงื–ื™ืกื˜ืขื ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœื’ืขืžืฒื ืขื ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืขืจื–ืขื ืœืขื›ืŸ ืึทืกืคึผืขืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจืข ืœื™ื“ืขืจ, ืึทืคื™ืœื• ื•ื•ืขืŸ 
ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืึท ืคื™ืœื–ืึธื’ื ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืคืึทืงื˜ ืื™ื– ืขืก ื ืึธืš ืึทืœืฅ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทืฐืฒึทื– ืคืึทืจ ืึท ื‘ืืžืช ืื™ื ื˜ืขื’ืจืึทื˜ื™ื•ืŸ 
ื›ืึทืจืึทืงื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืึทืคืŸ. ืขืก ืคืขืœื˜ ื“ืึธ ื ืึธืš ืึทืœืฅ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึทืจืงื ื™ืคึผืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื–ืขืœื‘ืŸ ืœื™ื“. ื“ืขืจืคึฟืึทืจ 
ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื‘ืึทื ื•ื’ืขื ืขืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ ืžื™ื˜ ืึทื–ืึท ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืึทื ื˜ืฉืฒื“ื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ืกื™ืžื‘ึผืึธืœ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืง 
ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ืฉืึทืคืŸ ืฐื™ ืก'ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ื ืขื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ "ืฆื•ื ืฐืึทื ื˜", ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืžื™ื˜ ืึธื ืฐืฒึทื–ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ืขืงื–ื™ืกื˜ืขื ืฅ ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข ืฉืึทืคื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทืœื“ ืžืึทื›ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกืคื™ืจืŸ, ืฐื™ ืขืก ื˜ื•ื˜ ืึทื‘ืจื”ื ืœืขื•ื™ื ืกืึธืŸ, ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ 


49 


ื ื‘ื™ืื™ืฉืŸ ื›ืึทืจืึทืงื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื›ึผืœืœ-ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ื‘ืึทื“ืฒึทื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื“ "ืืœื™ ืงื™ืจ", ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ ืชืจ"ืฅ.ื™* ืœืขื•ื•ื™ื ืกืึธืŸ 
ืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืคืึธืจ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืงื“ืžื” ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ ืชืจืฆ"ื– ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืœื™ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืชืจ"ืฅ, ืื™ืŸ ืขื ื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ "ืฆื•ื 
ืฐืึทื ื˜"-- ื•ื™ ืึท ืคึผืฉื•ื˜ืข ื–ืขืœื›ืกื˜-ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ืขื ื“ืœืขื›ืข ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’, ืื™ื‘ืขืจืœืึธื–ื ื“ื™ืง ืึทื–ืฑ ืึทืจื•ื ืึท ืงืฉื™ื ืึธืŸ ืึท 
ืชึผื™ืจื•ืฅ, ืฐืฒึทืœ ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื“ ืจืขื“ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืขื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ "ืื™ืš" ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืขื ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื–, ื‘ืฉืขืช ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืงื“ืžื” ืคื•ืŸ 
ืชืจืฆ"ื– ืจืขื“ื˜ ื™.ืง. ืื™ืŸ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฆืŸ ืคืึธืœืง; ืคืจืขื’ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึท ืคืจืึทื’ืข: ืฆื™ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืึทืจืขื›ื˜ื™ืง ืฆื• ื–ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื“ 
"ืืœื™ ืงื™ืจ" ืื™ืžืคึผืœื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืขืก ืฐืึธืก ื’ืจื™ื™ื›ืŸ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ื•ื™ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืงืจืฒึทื– ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืœืขื‘ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืึธืขื˜ื™ืฉืŸ 
"ืื™ืš"? 

ืึท ื˜ืฒืœืฐืฒึทื–ืŸ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืคืจืึทื’ืข ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืฒึทื ืกื•ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืงื“ืžื” ืคื•ืŸ ืชืจืฆ"ื–, ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืึธืขื˜ืก 
ืึทืœื’ืขืžืฒื ืข ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืคึผืึธืขื–ื™ืข ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคึผืึธืขื–ื™ืข ื‘ืคืจื˜. ืื™ื™ื’ื ื˜ืœืขืš ื˜ืขื ื”ื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื™.ืง. ืึทื– ื“ืขืจ 
ืคึผืึธืขื˜ ื–ื™ื ื’ื˜ ืึทืจืฑืก ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืœื™ื“ ื–ื•ื›ื ื“ื™ืง ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืึทืŸ ืึธืคึผืงืœืึทื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ื‘ึผืฒึท ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืžื™ื˜ืฆืฒึทื˜ืœืขืจ, ื•ื™ ืขืจ 
ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืขืก: "ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืฉื™ืจื” ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื“ื, ืฉืฉืจื ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืขืฆืžื•, ืื ื™ืฆืจื ืžืชื•ืš ื—ื‘ืœื™ ืœื™ื“ื”, ืื ื ืงื ื• 
ื‘ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื, ื”ืจื™ ื”ื ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื‘ืฉื•ืจื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื•... ".+* ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืคืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืึทืœื’ืขืžืฒื ืข ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ, ืื™ื– ืึธื‘ืขืจ 
ื“ื™ ืžืขื’ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจืฐืฒึทื–ืŸ ืึทื– ืื™ืŸ ื™ืง'ืก ืคึผืึธืขื–ื™ืข ื’ื•ืคื ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ "ืฆื•ื 
ืฐืึทื ื˜", ื’ืœื™ื™ื›ืฆื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง, ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืคึผืขืจื–ืขื ืœืขื›ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืึทืœื’ืขืžืฒื™ืŸ-ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืงืึธื ื˜ืขืงืกื˜. ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ืจ 
ืึทื ืึทืœื™ื–ื™ืจืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ื“ืขืจืฉืฒื™ื ื•ื ื’ ื‘ึผืฒึทื™ ื™ื™ืง., ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื ื“ื™ืง ืึทื–ืฑ ืึทืจื•ื ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืงืฉื™ื, ื•ืขืœืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืึทื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืŸ 
ืื™ืŸ ืงื•ืจืฆืŸ ื“ืขื ื›ืึทืจืึทืงื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคื˜-ื“ื™ืžืขื ืกื™ืข ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคึผืึธืขื–ื™ืข, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ืึท ืฉืฒึทื›ื•ืช ืฆื•ื 
ืขื ื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ "ืฆื•ื ืฐืึทื ื˜". 

ื“ื™ ืื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืงืข ืื•ืŸ ืฆืขื ื˜ืจืึทืœืข ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคื˜-ืคึผืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื™.ืงื™ืก ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฉืึทืคืŸ, ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื ืึทืฆื™ืึธื ืึทืœืขืจ 
ืื•ื™ืคืœืขื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืึธืœืง ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ ืฐืึธืก ื‘ืึทื ืฒึทื˜ ืื™ืจ ื™ื•ื’ื ื˜, ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ืึทื–ืฑ ื•ื™ ืคืึทืจืฆืฒึทื˜ื ืก. 
ื™ืง'ืก ื•ื•ื™ืจืงืœืขื›ืข ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ-ืึธื ืฉื˜ืจืขื ื’ ืื•ื™ืคืฆื•ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉืข ืฉืคึผืจืึทืš, ื“ื•ืจืš ืืฒึทื ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ 
ืึท ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื•ื ื’ืก-ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึทืœืข ื’ืจืึทื“ืŸ, ืคื•ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ-ื’ืึธืจื˜ืŸ ื‘ื™ื–ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืœืฉื•ืœ, ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ื™ืฉืข ืฉืจื™ืคื˜ืŸ -- 
ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืขื“ื•ืช ืื•ื™ืฃ ื•ื•ื™ืคืœ ื™ื™ืง. ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ืึธืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ-ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืึท 
ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืœืขื‘ืขื“ื™ืงืขืจ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉืขืจ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ ืืฑืš ืึทืŸ ืึทื ื™ืžื™ืฉ- 
ืคึผืขืจื–ืขื ืœืขื›ืข. ื ืึธืš ืึทื–ืฑ ืคืจื™ ื•ื™ ืื™ืŸ 1908, ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื™ืŸ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ "ื‘ื—ื•ืจื™ื", ืฐืึธืก ืคืึทืจื ืขืžื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ืึท 
ื‘ืึทืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืคึผืจืึธืกื˜ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธื–ืึทื™ืฉืขืจ ื’ืฒึทืกื˜ืœืึธื–ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ืจืงืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜, ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ื™ื™ืง. ื‘ืึทืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื˜ 
ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืฉ-- ื“ืขืจ ืขื™ืงืจ, ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึธืžืขื“ื™ืข, ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ื™ื•ื’ื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืœืึธื“ื–ืฉืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ 
ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคึผื˜-- ืงืขืŸ ืžืขืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ ืึท ื›ึผืžืขื˜ ืื•ืžื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื‘ืึทืจืข ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืžืขื’ืœืขื›ืขืจ ื’ืึธืจ 
ืึทื ื“ืขืจืขืจ ื’ืฒึทืกื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืคึผืึธืขื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืฐื™ืจืงืœืขื›ืงืฒื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืœ ืžึดื™ื˜ ื‘ืึทื˜ืฒึทื˜, ืึท ืžืžืฉื•ืชื“ื™ืงืข 
ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื˜ืจื•ื™ืžื˜ืข ืึทืœื˜ืขืจื ืึทื˜ื™ื•ื• ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืœื•ืช ื ืึธืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืึทื ืฒึทืขื ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ.?* ื“ื™ ืฆืขื ื˜ืจืึทืœืข ื˜ืขืžืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธืžืขื“ื™ืข ืื™ื– ืึท ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขื ื˜ืจืขืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื•ื ื’ืข 
ืคึผืจืึธืฐื•ื™ื ืฆืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื–ื•ื›ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคื˜ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืœืึธื“ื–ืฉ. ื“ื™ ืึทืงืฆื™ืข ืงื•ืžื˜ ืคืึธืจ ืื™ืŸ ืึท 
ืฆื™ืžืขืจ ืฐื•ึผ ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืข ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ ืฐื•ื™ื ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ, ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืคืึธืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ืžื‘ืึทืฐืฒึทื‘ื˜ืข ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืฐื•ืฑืœืข-ื™ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ 
ืคืึทืจื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืจื™ื™ื“ืขื›ืฆืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืขื ื™ื ื™ื ืฐืึธืก ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืžืึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืฑ. ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืฆืขื ื˜ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืึท ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืจื™ืฉ ื’ืขืคึฟื•ืจืขืžื˜ืข ืจืึทื ื‘ืฒึทื ืึธื ืคึฟืึทื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืฒึทื ืกื•ืฃ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจืึทื 
ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื‘ืึทื”ืึทื ื“ืœื˜, ืึทื–ืฑ ื•ื™ ืฆื•ืคึผืขืœื™ืงืฐืฒึทื–, ืขื ื™ื ื™ื ืฐืึธืก ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉืคึผื™ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื ืึทืฆื™ืึธื ืึทืœืขืจ ืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ- 
ื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ืข. ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ืฐืึธืก ื“ื™ ืจืึทืก ืžืขืจืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึธืŸ, ืžื—ืžืช ื“ืขืจ ืขื™ืงืจ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื’ืขืคื•ืจืขืžื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืคึฟืึทืจืฉืฒื“ืขื ืข ืœื™ื‘ืขืก-ืึทืคึผืขืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืœืฒึทื›ื˜ืข ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ื‘ืึทืคืขืคืขืจื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื–ืึทืคึผื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืœืขื– (ืคึผืฑืœื™ืฉ 
ืฆื™ ืจื•ืกื™ืฉ) ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจืคึฟืœืึธื›ื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืฉืคึผืจืึทืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธื ื˜ืฒืœื ืขืžืขืจ, ืื™ื– ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืฆื• ืžืขืจืงืŸ ืึทื– ื“ืขืจ 


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ืื™ื ื”ืึทืœื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจืึทืก ื‘ืึทืฆื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ืึท ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคื˜ืœืขืš ืคึผืึธื–ื™ื˜ื™ื•ื•ืขืจืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทืก ืฐืึธืก ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืœื™ื’ื˜ ื“ืขื 
ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืงื™ืจืŸ ืงืึธืžื™ืฉ ื“ื™ ื—ืกืจื•ื ื•ืช ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื•ื ื’ืขืจ ืœืึธื“ื–ืฉืขืจ ื•ื•ื•ื™ืœื’ื™ื™ืขืจื™ืฉืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ืจืงืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜. ืขืก ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืึธื ื˜ืฒืœ 
ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขืึทื˜ืขืจ-ืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉืข ืœืขืจืขืจ, ืึท ืคึผืจื™ืงืึทื–ืฉื˜ืฉื™ืง, ืึท ืจืฒึทื–ื ื“ืขืจ ืึทื’ืขื ื˜, ืึท ืกืงืœืึทื“ื ื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ืึท 
ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื’ืขืฉืขืคื˜, ืึท ืคืึทื‘ืจื™ืงืึทื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืึท ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ืคึผืจื™ืงืึทื–ืฉื˜ืฉื™ืง. ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืกืึธืฆื™ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืฉืขืจ ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขื ืฉื˜ืขืœ: ืคื•ืŸ 
ืื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื™ื˜ ืคึผืจืึทืงื˜ื™ืฉืข ืžืกื—ืจ-ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืœืขืจืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜, ืื™ื– ืคึผืึทืจืึทืœืขืœ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜- 
ืกื˜ืจื•ืงื˜ื•ืจ: ื“ื™ ืฆืขื ื˜ืจืึทืœืข ืคึผืึทืกื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืจื™ืฉ ื’ืขืคื•ืจืขืžื˜ืข ืจืึทื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ 
ื–ืฒึทื˜. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆืขื ื˜ืจืึทืœืขืจ ืคึผืึทืกื™ืจื•ื ื’ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืึทืœืข ืึทืŸ ืึธื ื˜ืฒืœ, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจืึทื -- ื ืึธืจ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉืข ืœืขืจืขืจ. 

ื‘ืขืกืงื™ืŸ, ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืขืจืขืจ, ืคืึทื ื’ื˜ ืึธืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื˜ืขืึทื˜ืขืจ-ืฉืคึผื™ืœ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ: "ื‘ืขืกืงื™ืŸ -- (ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืึทืจื•ื 
ื”ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ืื™ื‘ืขืจืŸ ืฆื™ืžืขืจ. ื ืึธืš ื™ืขื“ืŸ ื˜ืจืึธื˜ ืฉืจืฒื™ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืš ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ. ื›ืึทืคึผื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคึผืœื•ืฆืœื•ื ื’ ืคืึทืจืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ, ืจืขื“ื˜ 
ืคืึทืจ ื–ื™ืš, ืžื™ื˜ ืฐื•ึผื ื“ืขืจ). ื’ืฐืึทืœื“, ื’ืฐืึทืœื“, ื’ืฐืึทืœื“!... ืฆื™ ื–ื™ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกืŸ ื ื™ื˜, ืฆื™ ื–ื™ื™ ืžืึทื›ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืฐื•ื™ืกืŸ!?... ื‘ืขืกืงื™ืŸ - 
(ื‘ืœืฒึทื™ื‘ื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜, ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืœื™ืคึผืŸ. ืฉื™ืกื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื’ืขืœืขื›ื˜ืขืจ) ื›ืึท-ื›ืึท-ื›ืึท! 
ืคึผืึทืœืขืกื˜ื™ื ืข -- ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืžืขืจ ื•ื™ ืึท ื˜ืจืึทื“ื™ืฆื™ืข!" -- ื“ืึทืŸ ืจื•ืคื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืŸ ื”ื™ืžืขืœืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจื™ืงืึทื–ืฉื˜ืฉื™ืง, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ 
ืคึผืจื•ึผื•ื•ื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ืึทื ืฆืข ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืึทื ื˜ืฉืœืึธืคืŸ ืฆื• ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขืœืขื’ืขืจ: "ื”ื™ืžืขืœืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ -- (ืื•ื™ืคื”ื™ื™ื‘ื ื“ื™ืง ื“ืขื ืงืึธืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ 
ืงื™ืฉืŸ) ืืคืฉืจ ืฐื•ืขื˜ ืื™ืจ ืคืึทืจืžืึทื›ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืžื•ื™ืœ, ืื™ืจ, ืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ-ื™ื™ืš?" 

ืึทื–ืฑ ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืฐืึธืก ืคืึทืจื ืขืžื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืึทืœื“ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื’ืึธืจ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ 
ืฉืฒึทื›ื•ืช ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืœืขืจืขืจ ื‘ืขืกืงื™ื ืก ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช. ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื’ืขื“ืึทื ืงืขืŸ ื•ืขืจืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื‘ืžืฉืš ื“ืขืจ ืึทื ื˜ืฐื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืขืึทื˜ืขืจ-ืฉืคึผื™ืœ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื ืข, ืื•ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืึทื ืฆืขืจ ืึทืจืฒึทื ืคื™ืจ ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ื˜ ื•ื™ ื”ืขื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืœื•ืคื˜ืŸ. ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– 
ื“ื™ ืขื ื“-ืกืฆืขื ืข ื‘ืึทื–ื™ื ื˜ ืขื ื“ืœืขืš ื“ืขื ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึทืจืฒึทื™ื ืคื™ืจ-ืกืฆืขื ืข. ื‘ืขืชืŸ ืกื™ื•ื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’, ืฆื•ื 
ืกื•ืฃ, ืงื•ืžื˜ ืคืึธืจ ืึท ื’ืขืฉืคึผืจืขืš ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืœืขืจืขืจ, ืึทืจื•ื ืขื ื™ืŸ ืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ: 

ื‘ืขืกืงื™ืŸ: ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ื’ืึทื ืฆืข ืฉืจืขืง ื“ืฒึทื ืข ืคืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืึทืจืึทื›ื‘ืขืจ, ื–ื™ ื–ืึธืœืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจื˜ืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ-- ? 

ืขืคึผืฉื˜ืฒืŸ: (ืคืœืขื’ืžืึทื˜ื™ืฉ, ืงืึทืœื˜). ื“ืึธืก ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืš ืฐืึธืก... 

ื‘ืขืกืงื™ืŸ: ื“ื™ ืึทืจืึทื‘ืขืจ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ืฒึท ื“ื™ืจ ื“ืึธืก ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืกื˜ืข-- ื–ืขืกื˜ื• ืคืึทืจ ืึทืœืขืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ 

ืื™ืš ืžื•ืจื, -- ืคืึธืจืŸ ืึทืจืึทื‘ืขืจ -- ื ื™ื˜! 

ืขืคึผืฉื˜ืฒืŸ: (ืงืึทืœื˜). ืื™ืš - ื™ืึธ. (ื’ื™ืกื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืŸ ืึท ื’ืœืึธื– ืงืึทืœื˜ืŸ ื˜ื™ื™, ื˜ืจื™ื ืงื˜ ืขืก ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ื–ื•ืคึผืŸ ืื•ื™ืก). 

ื‘ืขืกืงื™ืŸ: ื“ื• ืจืขื“ืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ืคึผืขืจื–ืึธืŸ? 

ืขืคึผืฉื˜ืฒื™ืŸ: ืึทื–ืฑ ื•ื™ ืื™ืš, ืึทื–ืฑ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืึทืœืข-- 

ื‘ืขืกืงื™ืŸ: ืคืœืขื’ืžืึท, ืคืœืขื’ืžืึท! ืคืึทืจื’ืึทืจื˜ืœืกื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืึธืก ื’ืึทื ืฆืข ืคืึธืœืง. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื• ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืกื˜ 


ืึทืœืฒืŸ! 
ืขืคึผืฉื˜ืฒืŸ: ื™ืึธ, ืื™ืš ืฉื˜ื™ื™ ืึทืœืฒืŸ... 
ื‘ืขืกืงื™ืŸ: ื ื•? 


ืขืคึผืฉื˜ืฒืŸ: ืžื™ืจ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืขืŸ ืึทืœืข ืึทืœื™ื™ืŸ, ืึท ื’ืึทื ืฆืขืจ ืฐืึทืœื“ ืื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืงืข ื‘ื™ื™ืžืขืจ. 

ื‘ืขืกืงื™ืŸ: ืึท ืฐืึทืœื“ ื–ืึธื’ืกื˜ื•? 

ืขืคึผืฉื˜ืฒืŸ: ืึท ืฐืึทื ื“ืขืจ-ืฐืึทืœื“ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืืฒึทื™ื ื’ืขืคืœืึทื ืฆื˜ืขืจ... 

ื‘ืขืกืงื™ืŸ: (ื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืจื™ืง) ืœื™ื™ืงืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืึธืคึผ ื“ืขื ืคึผืึทืœืขืกื˜ื™ื ืข-ืฉืžืขืจืฅ... 

ืขืคึผืฉื˜ืฒืŸ: ืื™ืš ืœื™ื™ืงืŸ ืื™ื ื ื™ื˜ ืึธืคึผ... 

ื‘ืขืกืงื™ืŸ: ื“ื• ื–ืึธื’ืกื˜ ื“ืึธืš ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืึทื– ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜-- 

ืขืคึผืฉื˜ืฒื™ืŸ: ื ื• ื™ืึธ ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜!... (ืคึผืฑื–ืข). 

ื‘ืขืกืงื™ืŸ: (ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืฆื•ื ืึธืคึผืขื ืขื ืคืขื ืกื˜ืขืจ, ืงื•ืงื˜ ืึทืจืฑืก). ื–ืขืกื˜ -- ื–ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ืึธ... ืฆืขื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš. 


51 


ืขืคึผืฉื˜ืฒืŸ: ืึท ื–ืึธืจื’ ื”ืึธืกื˜ื•. 
ื‘ืขืกืงื™ืŸ: ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืึท ื–ืึธืจื’!... ื”ืขืจ ื ืึธืจ, ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื’ืขืœืขื–ืŸ ื“ืขื ืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœื“ื™ืงืŸ "ื”ืขื•ืžืจ"? 
ืขืคึผืฉื˜ืฒืŸ: ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ื ื’ืขืœืขื–ืŸ. 
ื‘ืขืกืงื™ืŸ: ื ื•, ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื“ื™ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืœื“ืขืจ? ืขืคึผืขืก ืึท ืžื™ืŸ ืžืึธื“ื ืข ื”ืฒึทื˜ืขืจืงื™ื™ื˜ 
ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ื™ื™ ืืฑืกื’ืขื’ืึธืกืŸ... ืึท ื ืฒึทืขืจ ื“ื•ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื™ื•ื ืก ื˜ืขื›ื˜ืขืจ ืฐืึทืงืกื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื™ืขืฆื˜ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”ืก 
ื‘ืขืจื’... ืคืจื™ื™ืœืขื›ืข, ื–ื™ื ื’ืขื ื“ื™ืงืข... 
ืขืคึผืฉื˜ืฒืŸ: ืก'ืื™ ื ื™ื˜ ืฐืึธืจ. 
ื‘ืขืกืงื™ืŸ: ืฐืึธืก ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืฐืึธืจ? 
ืขืคึผืฉื˜ืฒืŸ: ื ื™ื˜ืึธ ื“ืึธืจื˜, ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื™ื“ืœืขืš ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื—ื•ืจื™ื... ื“ืึธ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™!... ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืคืจื•ืžืึทืง ื“ืึธ -- (ืฐืฒื™ื–ื˜ 
ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืึธืก ื‘ืขื˜ืœ) ืคึผืจื™ื•ื•ืขืก, -- ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ืึทืฐืขืง ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™... ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจ ืฐืขื˜ ืฆื•ืจื™ืงืงื•ืžืขืŸ, ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืขืจ 
ื“ื™ืจ ืžืขืจ ืคืึทืจืฆื™ื™ืœืŸ ื•ื™ ื“ื™ "ื”ืขื•ืžืจืก" ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืœืข ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ืฉืจืฒื™ื‘ืขืจ... 
ื‘ืขืกืงื™ืŸ: ื“ืึธ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™?? ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื ื™ื™ืŸ -- ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ ืžืึธืœ ื ื™ื™ืŸ! ื“ืึธ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื ื™ื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืึทืœืขืกื˜ื™ื ืข 
ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื–ืึธืœ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืึท ืžืึทืกืงื ื‘ืึทืœ ืงื•ื ืื™ืš ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ!..." (ื“ืึธืจื˜, ื–ื–'ื™ 26-25). 
ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืขืงื–ื™ืกื˜ืขื ืฆื™ืึทืœืŸ ืฉื˜ืึทื ื“ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ืคืึทืจืขื ื“ื™ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืฉืคึผืจืขืš, ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ืขืกืงื™ื ืก ืึท ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉืขืจ 
ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจื•ื ื’ ืึทื– ืื™ืŸ ื’ืœื•ืช ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืคืึทืจ ืึท ื‘ืœื™ื ื“ ื’ืขืกืœ ื‘ืขืช ื“ืึธืก ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคื˜-ื‘ื™ืœื“ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืžืขื ืก ืœื™ื›ื˜ ืขืจ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืœืขื‘ื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ืึทื ืฆืข ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืึธืจ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ืคืœืขื‘ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ. ื‘ืขืกืงื™ื ืก ื“ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ 
ืื•ึผืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึธื ื˜ืฒื™ืœ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืœืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื”ื•ืœืึทื ืงืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึทื ื’ืœืขืš ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื™ื“ืœืขืš - ืฐืึธืก ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื‘ืึทื˜ืึธื ื˜ 
ืœืขื ื’-ืื•ื™ืก ื“ืขืจ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’-- ืงืฐืึทืœืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึทืจืฑืก ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืžื™ื–ืึทื ื˜ืจืึธืคึผื™ื–ื ืึธื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืคึผืกืœืขืŸ ื™ืขื“ืข 
ื ืึธื›ื’ื™ื‘ื™ืงืฒื˜ ืคืึทืจ ื—ื™ื™-ืฉืขื”. ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื‘ืึทืฐืึธืจืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืึธืคึผื•ื•ื ื“ืขืจืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื•ื ื’ืขืจ ืœืึธื“ื–ืฉืขืจ 
ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคื˜ ืงืฐืึทืœืŸ ื‘ืฒึท ืื™ื ืึทืจืฑืก, ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื˜ื™ืคืขืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืฆื™ื™ื’ื•ื ื’ ืึทื– ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข 
ืžื™ื˜ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืคืขืœืขืจื”ืึทืคื˜ื™ืง, ื›ึผืœ-ื–ืžืŸ ื–ื™ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ืื™ืŸ ืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ. ื ืึธืจ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืกืžืš ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื–ืึท 
ืฐืขืœื˜ื‘ืึทื ืขื ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ืึทื ืขืŸ ื•ืขืจืŸ ื‘ืขืกืงื™ื ืก ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ื‘ืขืชืŸ ืึทืจืฒึทื ืคื™ืจ-ื˜ืฒืœ ื‘ื™ื™ื ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘, ื•ื™ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ื™ 
ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืึทื ืฆืขืจ ืขืจื ืกื˜ืขืจ ืจืึทืžืกืฆืขื ืข ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืœืฒึทื›ื˜ืขืจ ืฉืคึผื™ืœืขืฐื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืงืึธืžืขื“ื™ืข ืฐื•ึผ ื“ื™ ืฆืขื ื˜ืจืึทืœืข 
ืคื™ื’ื•ืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืึทืกื™ืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืฒึทืกื˜ื™ืงืข ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืกืŸ ืฐืฒื™ื ื™ืง ืฐืึธืก ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ. ื‘ืขืกืงื™ืŸ ื“ืจื™ืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืก ื“ืขื ื™ื•ื ื’ืŸ ื™-ืง'ืก ื˜ื™ืคืข ืื™ื‘ืขืจืฆื™ื™ื’ื•ื ื’, ื‘ืฒึทื™ื ืึธื ืคืึทื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืจื™ืฉืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’, ืึทื– 
ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืคืœืขื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขืคื™ืœืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื–ืึธืœ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืจืฒึท ื“ืขื ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคื˜, ืื™ื– ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ื ืึธืจ ืื™ืŸ ืืจืฅ- 
ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืคึฟืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจืึทื ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆืขื ื˜ืจืึทืœืข ืคึผืึทืกื™ืจื•ื ื’, ืื™ืŸ "ื‘ื—ื•ืจื™ื". ื“ื™ ืฆืขื ื˜ืจืึทืœืข 
ื˜ืขืžืข ืื™ื– -- ื“ืึธืก ื‘ืœื™ื ื“ืข ื’ืขืกืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื“ื•ืจ, ืืฑื™ืกื’ืขื“ืจื™ืงื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทื ืึทืœืขืจ ืึทื˜ืžืึธืกืคืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืขืจื–ืขื ืœืขื›ืข 
ืงืœื™ื™ื ืœืขื›ืข ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืกืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ืขืก ื–ื™ื ืงื˜ ื“ื™ "ืขืงืึธื ืึธืžื™ืฉืข" ืฉื™ื›ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืžืขื ืก ืจืขืคึผืจืขื–ืขื ื˜ืึทื ื˜ืŸ ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ 
ื–ื™ืš ื›ึผืžืขื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ืึทื ืฆืข ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึทืกื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืฆื™ืžืขืจ (ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื ืข), ื‘ืขืช ื“ืึธืก ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคื˜-ื‘ื™ืœื“ 
ืฐื™ึทื™ื˜ืขืจ-- ืึทืจืฒึทื ื’ืขืคึผืึทืกื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืคึผืขืจื–ืขื ืœืขื›ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื ืึทืฆื™ืึธื ืึทืœืขืจ ืคึผืขืจืกืคึผืขืงื˜ื™ื• ืฆื• ื’ืœืฒึทื™ืš-- ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ืฒื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื 
ื—ืœื•ื ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ-ืื•ื™ืคื‘ื•ื™.?* ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืจื™ื™ืŸ ืขืงื–ื™ืกืฉืขื ืฆื™ืึทืœืŸ ืฉื˜ืึทื ื“ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜, ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืึทืจืฑืก ื‘ืขืกืงื™ื ืก 
ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ, ื“ืขื ื™.ืง. ืคื•ืŸ 1908 -- ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจื“ื™ืงืŸ ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ. ืึทื–ืฑ ืึทืจื•ื ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืš 
ื“ื™ ืงืึธืžืขื“ื™ืข "ื‘ื—ื•ืจื™ื" ืึทืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ืขื’ืจืึทืœืขืจ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆืขื ื˜ืจืึทืœืŸ ืงืึธืจืคึผื•ืก ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืึทืคืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืฆืขื ื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืงื™ื•ื ืคืึทืจื ืขืžืขืŸ ืึท ื‘ื™ื– ื’ืึธืจ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืึธืจื˜. 
ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืคึฟืึทืจืงื ื™ืคึผืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ืฆืฐื™ืฉืŸ ืึท ืคึผืขืจื–ืขื ืœืขื›ืŸ ืœืขื‘ื ืก-ื’ืขืคื™ืœ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืœื’ืขืžืฒื ืข ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืึทื˜ื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ืึท 
ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคื˜ ืคืึทืจืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฆืŸ ืคึผืึธืœืง, ืฐืึธืก ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ "ื‘ื—ื•ืจื™ื", ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืขืœื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ 22 ื™ืึธืจ, 
ื“ืขืจืฉืฒื™ื ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ, ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืคืึธืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื ื•ื•ืึทื ื˜, ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขื ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ืง'ืก 


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ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ึดืฉืข ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื ื˜ื•ื™ืฉื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื ืึธืš ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื›ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืื™ืŸ ืืจืฅ- 
ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ, ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ืึธืจืŸ 1925/24 ืื•ืŸ 1934/33. ืื™ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทื˜ืึทื ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื™ืกื•ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื ื˜ื•ื™ืฉื•ื ื’ (ืึท 
ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืงืึธื ืคืจืึธื ื˜ืึทืฆื™ืข ืฆืฐื™ืฉืŸ ืึท ื—ืœื•ื ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฐืึธืจ), ื“ืขื ืคึฟืึทืงื˜ ืึทื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืฒึทื™ืกื˜ื™ืงืขืจ 
ื‘ื™ืึธื’ืจืึทืคื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืึธืขื˜ ืึทื ื˜ืฐื™ืงืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื”ืขื˜ ืฐืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผื•ื™ืœืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขื‘ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืจื•ื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜ืขืจ 
ื™ืึธืจืŸ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข. ื“ืขืจ ื™ืกื•ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื ื˜ื•ืฉื•ื ื’ ืฉื˜ืขืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฐืึธืก ื™ืขื ืขืจ ื—ืœื•ื ืคืึทืจ ืึท ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื‘ืึทื ืฒึทื˜ืŸ 
ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ, ืึทื ื˜ืคึผืœืขืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคืึทืจ ื™.ืง. ื‘ืขืช ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื ืข ื™ืึธืจืŸ -- ื•ื™ ืึทืŸ 
ืื•ืžืžืขื’ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜, ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื™ื ืข ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื–ืขืขืŸ. ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ืคืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึทื ื˜ื•ืฉื•ื ื’ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื•ื™ ื“ื™ 
ื”ื™ื™ื›ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื—ืœื•ื: 


"ืื’ื“ื” ืื‘ื“ื” ืœื™. ื”ืืžื ืชื™-- ื–ืืช ืื’ื“ื”, 
ืืš ืื’ื“ื” ื”ื™ื ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื. ื•ื”ื ื” ื‘ืืชื™, 
ืขืœื™ืชื™ ื•ืจืื™ืชื™ ื‘ืžื• ืขื™ื ื™ ื•ืžืฆืืชื™ 

ืืช ื”ืขื™ืจ ื‘ื”ืจื™ื - ื•ืื‘ื“ื” ืœื™, ืื‘ื“ื”... 


ื•ืจื’ืข ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืœื‘ืฉืชื™ ื‘ื• ื—ืจื“ื”, 

ืจื’ืข ื”ื™ื” ื•ืขืœ ืžืงื•ืžื™ ืขืžื“ืชื™ ื•ืงืคืืชื™.- 
ืœืžื” ื–ื” ืืช ืจื’ืœื™ ืœืžืงื•ื ื–ื” ื ืฉืืชื™? 

ืžื” ื ื•ืจื ื”ื•ื! ื”ื•ื™, ืœืžื” ืœื ื ื—ืจืฉืช ืฉื“ื”? 


ื ื™ืชืŸ ืžืžืฉ ืœื™ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื—ืœื•ื ื™ืงืจื•ืช: 
ืฉืžื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืœื™ ื•ืฉืžืฉ ื‘ื ืžื‘ื”ื™ืงื” - 
ื•ืขืชื” ืขืคืจ ื•ื—ืจื‘ื•ืช ืขื™ืจ ืขืชื™ืงื”. 


ื”ืขืคืจ ื”ื•ื ืชื—ื•ื— ื•ื”ืื‘ื ื™ื ืงืจื•ืช, 

ื›ืขืคืจื•ืช ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ื›ืื‘ื ื™ ื›ืœ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช 

ืžืžืฉ ืœื™-- ื•ืชื, ื”ื•ื™, ืชื ื—ืœื•ื ื”ื—ืœื•ืžื•ืช!'" 

(ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืœืขืฆื˜ืขืจ ืฉื•ืจื” -- ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขืฉื˜ืจืึธื›ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ, ื™.ืฉ.) 


"ื“ืขืจ ื—ืœื•ื ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืข ื—ืœื•ืžื•ืช", ื“ืขืจ ืžื”ื•ืช ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคื˜-ื‘ื™ืœื“, ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื”ื‘ื ื•ื™ื” -- ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ืฆื• ื–ืฒึทืŸ. 
ืก'ืื™ื– ืฆืขืฉื˜ืขืจื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื™-ืง'ืก ืื™ื ืขืจืœืขื›ืข ื’ืœืฒึทื›ื’ืขืฐื™ื›ื˜ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ืขืฐื•ึผื ื˜ืฉืขื ืขื ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคึฟืึทืจืึทื ืขื ืขื. 
ื“ืึธืก ืคืึทืจืึทื ืขื ืข ืื™ื– ืžื‘ื˜ืœ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ื–ื™ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืฐื•ึผื ื˜ืฉ. ืขืคึผืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืคืึทืจื“ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืึท ืžื›ืฉื•ืœ ืื™ื– 
ืึทืฐืขืงื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื˜ืจื•ื™ืžื•ื•ืขื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืึธืขื˜ื™ืฉืŸ ืื™ืš ืฐืึธืก ื–ื•ื›ื˜ ื›ึผืกื“ืจ, ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืึทืงื˜ื™ืฉืŸ 
ืขืงื–ื™ืกื˜ืขื ืฆื™ืึทืœืŸ ืžืฆื‘ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืฆื•ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื’ืŸ. 

ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื“ "ืคึผืขืžื•ื ื™ื", ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืชืจืค"ื”-ืชืจืฆ"ื–, ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืขื˜ ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืืจืฅื“ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื•ืึทื ืฆื™ืงืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืจื™ื™ืกื™ืงืขืจ ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ึทื™ืŸ ืฆืฒึทื™ื˜, ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื—ืœื•ืžื˜ืขืจ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืชึผื "ืš ืื™ืŸ 
ื”ืึทื ื˜, ืขืจ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ื•ื™ืขืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜, ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜-ื™ืขืจื™ืงืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืœืขื‘ื˜ืŸ ืขื‘ืจ ืฐืึธืก 
ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจ ืื™ื ื“ืึธืก ื•ื•ื™ื ืงืœืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคึฟื˜-ื‘ื™ืœื“, ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื™ืึธืจืŸ. ืขืจ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืึทืจืฑืก ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืึธืจ 


53 


ืึทืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืŸ ื—ืœื•ื - ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื ื’ืขื—ืœื•ืžื˜: ืึท ื’ืขืžืฉืคึผื˜ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืžืึธืœ ืฆื•ื ื˜ื•ื™ื˜: ืื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึธืœ -- ื“ื•ืจืš ืฉื™ืกืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื•ื ื•ื•ืึทื ื˜; ื“ืึธืก ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืข ืžืึธืœ- ื“ื•ืจืš ืคึผืึธื’ืจืึธืžืฉื˜ืฉื™ืงืขืก ืฐืึธืก ื‘ืึทืœืึทื’ืขืจืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื”ื•ื™ื–. ื“ื™ 
"ืฐืึทื ื˜" ื—ื–ืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื“ "ืคึผืขืžื•ื ื™ื", ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืื™ื– ื–ื™ ืึท ืกื™ืžื‘ึผืึธืœ, ื’ืœืฒึทื›ืฆืฒึทื˜ื™ืง, ืคืึทืจ ืึท ืœืขื‘ืŸ 
ืึธืŸ ืึทืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื•ื•ืขื’, ืกืฒึท ืึท ืคึผืขืจื–ืขื ืœืขื›ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืกืฒึทื™ ืึท ื ืึทืฆื™ืึธื ืึทืœืŸ, ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืขื ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’. ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืึทืงื˜ ืฐืึธืก ื™.ืง. 
ื‘ืึทืฆืฒื›ื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึทื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื“, ืึทื– ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืขืก ื‘ืžืฉืš ืคื•ืŸ ืึท 12 ื™ืึธืจ, ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ื‘ืึทื–ื•ืš ื‘ื™ื– ื“ื™ 
ืคึผืึธื’ืจืึธืžืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืฑืœืŸ (ืึทืจืฒึทื ื’ืขืจืขื›ื ื˜ ื“ื™ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื‘ืึทื–ื•ืš)-- ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืึทืจืฑืก: 
(ื) ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฆืขื ื˜ืจืึทืœืงืฒื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื“ ื•ื™ ืึทืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื“ืจื•ืง ืคืึทืจ ื™-ืงื™ืก ืกืึธืจื˜ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ื‘ืึทืฐื•ึผืกื˜ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื•ื•ืขืœื˜-ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช, (ื‘) ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขื ื’ืขืจ ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ืคื™ืœื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืœืขื‘ื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ, ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ื”ืึทืœื‘ ื—ืจื•ื‘ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื•ื•ืขืœื˜-ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืจื™ืงืŸ ืžืฆื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืœื•ืช 


ืคึผืฑืœืŸ. ื“ืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ืš;ืค5 


ื. 


ืกื•ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ื—ื•ืฆื•ืช ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ืžื›ื™ื•ืŸ 
ืฉื ื›ื ืกืชื™ ื‘ื” ืขื ื”ืชื "ืš ืžืชื—ืช ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืฉื—ื™, 
ื›ืื“ื ื”ืกื•ื‘ื‘ ืขื ืงื˜ืœื•ื’ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื ื›ืืช - 
ืฉืœืื• ื›ืœ ืื“ื ืžื‘ื™ืŸ, 

ื•ืœืื• ื›ืœ ืื“ื ืžื™ื˜ื™ื‘ ืจืื•ืช 

ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื–ืืช... 

ืื ืืชืงืฉื”-ื‘ื”, ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื”ืกื’ึธืœื•ืช ืฉื‘ื” ืื—ืกื”-- 
ืืคืชื— ืกืคืจ ื•ืื—ื–ื”, 

ืืคืชื— ืืช ื”ืชื "ืš ื”ื ืขื•ืฅ ืืฆืœื™ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืฉื—ื™, 
ื•ืืจืื” ื•ืึธื•ึธื›ื— ื•ืื‘ื™ื ื”: 

ื”ื ื” ื”ื™ื ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ื”ื ื”! 

ื›ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืชื "ืš: 

ืืงืจื ื•ืื‘ื™ื˜ ื—ืœื™ืคื•ืช ื•ืืฆื”ืœ ื•ืื’ืขื” ื‘ื‘ื›ื™... 
ืืš ืœืฉื•ื! ืœืฉื•ื, ื›ืชืชื™ ืจื’ืœื™, ื”ืœื›ืชื™ 

ืฉื— 

ืžื“ื—ื™ ืืœื™ ื“ื—ื™, 

ืžื˜ืžืื” ืืœ ื˜ึธืžืื”; 

ืœืฉื•ื ืคืชื—ืชื™ 

ื”ืกืคืจ-- 

ืฉื›ื” ืขืœื™ื• ื ืกืชืžื›ืชื™-- 

ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ืจื•ืœืฉื™ื ืžื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืžืื•ืžื”, 
ืœื ื›ืœื•ื ืžื‘ื™ืจืช ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื. 

ื ืฉืจืคื” ืขื“ ืชึนื! ื“ืขื›ื•, ื›ื‘ื• ื”ืื•ื“ื™ื, 

ืกึนืขึทืจ ื”ืืคืจ, 

ื ืžื—ืงื• ื—ื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉื•ืžืžื•ืช ื•ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ื”ืจื•ืกื™ื, 
ืจืžื ื™ ืชื "ื›ื™, ืจืžื ื™! 

ืœื ืืžืจ ืœื™ ื›ืœื•ื ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืขืœ ืžื’ืจืฉ ื”ืจื•ืกื™ื 


54 


ื•ื›ื ืกื™ื•ืชื™ื”ื ืชืจื™ืกืจ, 

ื•ืชืจื™ืกืจ ื”ื™ื›ืœื™ ื”ืงื™ืกืจ 
ื”ื’ืจืžื ื™-- 

ืžื ื–ืจื™ื ื–ืจื™ื ืžื•ื–ืจื™ื, ืžืจื”ื™ื‘ื™ ืขื™ื ื™ื, 
ื‘ื ื•ื™ื ืœืชืคืืจืช, 

ื ื•ืกืกื™ื ื‘ืžืจื•ืžื™ ืงืจืช 

ื‘ืœื‘ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื... 

ืœื ืจืื™ืชื™ ื‘ืขื™ืจืš, ื“ื•ื“, 
ืืฉืจ ืคึนื” ืจืื™ืชื™ ืื ื™-- 
ืงืจืืชื™ ืžืจ ืœื“ืฃ ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื... 
ื›ึนื” ืืขืžื“ ื‘ืคืชื—ื” ื›ืขื ื™, 
ื•ืœื‘ื™ ื‘ื™ ืชื•ืขื” ื‘ืงืจื‘ 

ื•ื”ื•ืžื” ื›ื—ืœื™ืœื™ื, 

ืžื›ืœ ืืฉืจ ืื‘ื™ื˜ ื•ืืจืื”... - 


ื—ืคืฆืชื™ ื”ื—ื‘ื -- 

ืžื”ืจืชื™, ื ืžืœื˜ื—ื™ ืืœ ืื”ืœื™, 
ื ื‘ืœืขืชื™ ื›ืฆืœ ื‘ื•, ื›ืฆืœ ื‘ื—ื™ืง ืฆืœืœื™ื 
ืขื ืขืจื‘... 


ื›ื‘ื“ ื™ื’ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื›ื‘ืชื™ ื ืจื“ืžืชื™ 
ื•ื—ืœืžืชื™, ื—ืœื•ื ืจืข ื—ืœืžืชื™!... 


ื—ืœืžืชื™ ื—ืœื•ื ืจืข ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื•ื”ืงื™ืฆื•ืชื™ 
ืœื—ืœื•ื ืขื•ื“ ืจืข ืžืžื ื•: 
ืฉืื’ื• ืขืœื™, 


ืคืขืจื• ืขืœื™ ืืช ืคื™ื”ื ืืœืคื™ ืคืขืžื•ื ื™ื 
ืœื‘ืœืข ืื•ืชื™ ื—ื™, 
ื”ื ื”ืžืžื• ื•ื”ืœืžื• ืขืœ ืžืฉื›ื‘ื™ ืื•ืช"- 


ืœื• ื‘ืจื“ ืื‘ื ื™ื ื›ื‘ื“ ืขืœื™ ื ืชืš-- ื•ืืฉืื ื•! 
ื—ืจืžื•ื ื™ื ืžืฉืจืฉื ื ืขืงืจื•, ืœื• ืขืœื™ ื ืคืœื•, 
ื•ืืฉื ืืช ืกื‘ืœื, 

ืืš ืื™ื›ื” ืืฉื ืฉืื’ื•ืช ืืœื” ืขืœ ื’ื‘ืขื•ืชื™? 
ื—ืœืžืชื™ ื—ืœื•ื ืจืข ื•ื”ืงื™ืฆื•ืชื™-- 

ืœื—ืœื•ื ืขื•ื“ ืจืข ืžืžื ื•. 


ื”ื•ื™, ืงื•ืœื•ืช ืคืขืžื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ ื’ื‘ืขื•ืช ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื! 
ื ื‘ื•ื‘ื™ ืงื•ืœื•ืช, ืœื ืงื•ืœื•ืช, ืืœื ื”ื“. -- 
ืขืžื•ืžื™ื ืืชื, ืกืชื•ืžื™ื ื•ืื™ึดืžื™ื, 

ื“ื—ื•ืคื™ื ืืชื ื‘ื•ืงืขื™ื ื•ืžื‘ื”ืœื™ื 

ืœื‘ืฉืจ ืจืข, ืœื”ื›ืจื™ืŸ ืึดื™ื“ - - - 


ื”ื•ื™, ืคืขืžื•ื ื™ื, 

ื›ืื‘ืŸ ื ื•ืคืœ ื‘ื“ื™ืœื›ื ืขืœ ืœื‘ื‘ื™, 
ื•ืžืขื™ืง, ืžืขื™ืง, ืžืขื™ืง... ืขืœ ืžืฉื›ื‘ื™ 
ื ื“ื”ื, ืขื•ื“ื™ ืžื•ื˜ืœ ื•ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื™ื, 
ื•ืžื•ืฆื ืื™ืŸ ื•ืื™ืŸ ื”ืฆืœื”, 


ื”ื•ื™, ืคืขืžื•ื ื™ื, 

ืงื•ืœ ืขื ื•ืช ืฉืžืขืชื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื–ื™ืจื”-- 

ื™ื“ื™ื ื ื—ืชื• ื‘ื™, 

ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžื•ื ื™ื, 

ื‘ืชืจื•ืขืช ืฆื—ื•ืง ืžืžืื™ืจื” 

ื ื”ื“ืคืชื™ ืืœื™ ืงืจืงืก, 

ื•ืืฉืžืข ืฉืื’ืช ืืจื™ 

ื•ืื—ื™ ืชื—ืชื™ื• ืคืจื›ืก. 

ืฉืกื• ื›ืœื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™, 

ื”ื—ืจื• ืขื–ื™ ื ืคืฉ ื‘ื™ ืœื ืื—ืช, 

ื•ืื ื›ื™ ื›ืคื•ืช, 

ื•ืฉื›ื ื™ ืื—ื™, ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืขื•ืžื“ ื•ืฉืจ ื‘ื ื—ืช 

ื•ื‘ื ืขื ืงื•ืœ "ืžื”-ื™ืคื™ืช"... 

ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ืขืžื“ื• ืืœ ืงื™ืจ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžื”, 
ื•ืืฉืžืข ืงื•ืœ ื”ื™ืจื™ื•ืช ืžืŸ ื”ืจื•ื‘ื™ื. 

ื‘ืชืจื•ืขื•ืช ืฆื—ื•ืง ื”ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื”ืงื™ืคื• ื‘ื™ืชื™ ืื•ื™ื‘ื™ื, 
ื•ืฉืœื—ื• ืืฉ ื‘ื•, ื•ืื ื™ ืžืขืœ, ื‘ืงื•ืžื”. 

ืฉืžืขืชื™ ืžื—ื™ ื’ืจื–ืŸ ืขืœ ืžืคืจืงืช ืื™ืฉ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ 
ื•ืื ื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื ื“ื•ื ื™ื -- 


ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ืฉืžืขืชื™ ื•ื ืฉืืชื™ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ื ื•ื“ื™, 
ื•ืืฉื ื–ืืช ื’ื ื”ืœืื”, - 
ืืš ืื™ื›ื”, ืื™ื›ื” ืืฉื ืงื•ืœ ื”ืคืขืžื•ื ื™ื 


ื•ืงื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืคืขืžื•ื ื™ื ื˜ืจื ืขื•ื“ ื™ื—ื“ืœื•. ืขืœ ื’ื‘ืขื•ืช ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื? 


ื“ืจื™ ื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจืึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื“: ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื‘ืึทืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืึท ื—ืœื•ื ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื•ื™ืก 
ื‘ืขืช ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทื’ืขื’ืขื ื™ืฉ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ืจืงืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜. ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ื”ืฑืคึผื˜ืฉื˜ืึธื˜, ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื’ืขืฐืขืœื˜ื™ืงื˜ 
ื“ืขืจ ืงืจื™ืกื˜ื ื˜ื•ื ืื•ืŸ ืขืก ืจื•ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื“ืขืจ ืึทืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืจืขืžื“ืข ืคืขืœืงืขืจ. ื“ื™ ืฐืึธืจืข ื‘ืึทื’ืขื’ืขื ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืคึผืึธืขื˜- 
ื˜ืจื•ื™ืžืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืึธืจื˜ ืฐื•ึผ ื“ืึธืก ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคื˜-ื‘ื™ืœื“ ื“ืึทืจืฃ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืจืขืึทืœื™ื˜ืขื˜, ื›ึผื“ื™ ื–ืฒึทื™ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ื‘ืึทื–ื™ื ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ - ืึธื˜ 
ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทื’ืขื’ืขื ื™ืฉ ืฉื˜ืจืฒึทื›ื˜ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ืึธืก ืื•ืžืžืขื’ืœืขื›ืข ืคืึทืจ ืื™ื ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคื˜-ื—ืœื•ื. ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจ ืฉื•ื•ื™ืžื˜ 
ืึทืจืฑืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื ืฒึท, ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ, ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืœื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืืฑืกื’ืึทื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื•ืžืงื•ื - ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืฐืขืจืŸ ื“ืึธืก 
ื”ืฑื™ืคึผื˜ื’ืขืคื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฆืŸ ื•ื•ืขื–ืŸ: "ื•ืžื•ืฆื ืื™ืŸ ื•ืื™ืŸ ื”ืฆืœื”". ืื™ืŸ ื“ืจื™ื˜ืŸ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื˜ ืคืึทื ืึทื ื“ืขืจ ื™.ืง. ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ืข 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืึธืœืง ืึทืจืฒึทื ืฐืขื‘ื ื“ื™ืง ื–ื™ืš ื•ื™ ืึท ืคึผืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืึทืœื’ืขืžืฒื ืขื ื‘ื™ืœื“, ืœื•ื˜ ื“ื™ ืชึผืงื•ืคื•ืช: 
ืฐื™ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื˜ื™ื˜ื•ืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืึทืจื˜ืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืจื•ื™ื ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ืื•ืžื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ื‘ืŸ 
ืื™ืŸ ืจื•ื™ืžื™ืฉืŸ ืฆื™ืจืง; ื•ื™ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื ืข ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจืฉืึธืกืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื‘ื™ึทื™ื ื•ื•ืึทื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท 
ืžื•ื™ืขืจ; ืฐื™ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธื’ืจืึธื˜-ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช. ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืžืึธืœ ื‘ืึทื˜ืึธื ื˜ ื™.ืง., ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืจื™ื˜ืŸ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ, ื ื™ืฉื˜ 
ื“ื™ ืคื™ื–ื™ืฉืข ื ืึธืจ ื“ื™ ืื™ื ืขืจืœืขื›ืข ืฆืขืคืึทืœื ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜, ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืžืขื ืก ืฆืขื ื˜ืขืจ ืขืก ื’ืขืคื™ื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึท ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคื˜- 


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ื‘ื™ืœื“ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืฆืขืฉื˜ืขืจื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื‘ืขืช ืึทืŸ ืื•ืžืžื™ื˜ืœื‘ืึทืจืขืจ ืงืึธื ืคืจืึธื ื˜ืึทืฆื™ืข ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ืจืงืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜: "ืื™ื›ื” 
ืืฉื ืฉืื’ื•ืช ืืœื” ืขืœ ื’ื‘ืขื•ืชื™?", "ืื™ื›ื”, ืื™ื›ื” ืืฉื ืงื•ืœ ื”ืคืขืžื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ ื’ื‘ืขื•ืช ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื?". ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื ื•ื’ 
ืฉื˜ืึทืจืง ืฆื• ืคืึทืจื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ืึธืจ ืคื™ื–ื™ืฉืข ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ื ืึธืจ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืขื ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจืคืึธืœื’ื˜ืŸ ืคืึธืœืง ืื•ื™ืกืขืจ 
ืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ ืื•ืŸ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื; ื“ืึธืก ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ืงืขืŸ ื‘ืฉื•ื ืื•ืคืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ืขืจืœืฒึทื“ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื–: ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื–ืึธืœ 
ืขืงื–ื™ืกื˜ื™ืจืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“ ื’ืœืฒึทืš ื•ื™ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืฐืึธืœื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ, ืฐืฒึทืœ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ื”ืฑืคึผื˜ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ 
ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืข ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื ืึธื›ืŸ ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ, ืฐืฒึทืœ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ื”ืึธืคืขื ื•ื ื’ ืคืึทืจืŸ ืงื™ื•ื ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืื•ืŸ 
ืคืึทืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืขืงื–ื™ืกื˜ืขื ืฅ, ืฐื™ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืึธืœืง. 

ืึธื˜ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ื—ืœื•ื ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืึท ืคื•ืœืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ ืฐืึธืก ืงืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืจืขืึทืœื™ื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคื˜, 
ืึท ื—ืœื•ื ืฐืึธืก ื‘ืึทืฐืฒึทื–ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื™ืŸ ืฉืึทืคืŸ ื‘ืฒึทื ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆืฐืึทื ืฆื™ืงืกื˜ืŸ ื™ืึธืจื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืงืึธืžืขื“ื™ืข 
"ื‘ื—ื•ืจื™ื" (ืคื•ืŸ 1908) ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ืึท ืชึผื™ืงื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืœ ืžื™ื˜ ืฉื‚ืžื—ื” ืื•ืŸ ืœืขื‘ื ืก-ืœื•ืกื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜, ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ 
ืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื ืึธืš ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืœืึทื ื“ ืคึผืขืจื–ืขื ืœืขืš ื‘ืึทืงืึทื ื˜, ืฐื™ ืœืžืฉืœ 
ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ "ืžื” ื™ืคื™ื ื”ืœื™ืœื•ืช" (ืชืจืก"ื•) ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืš ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข. ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื˜ืฒืœืฐืฒึทื– ืคืึทืจื•ืึทื ื“ืœื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ 
ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืคืึธืœืงืกืœื™ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืžืขื ืก ืžื—ื‘ืจ ืึดื™ื– ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืื•ืžื‘ืึทืงืึทื ื˜. ื“ืขืจ ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื™ืง. 
ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทืœื˜ื™ืงื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื—ืœื•ื ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื ืข ืœื™ื“ืขืจ, ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืชืจ"ืข-ืชืจืค"ื‘, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข 
ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืึทืจืฒึทื ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ื•ื™ ืึท ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉืขืจ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ "ื”ื ื‘ื™ื", ื•ื•ืขืจื ื“ื™ืง ืึทื–ืฑ 
ืึทืจื•ื ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืึทืฐืขืงื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœื“ื™ืงืŸ ืงืึธื ื˜ืขืงืกื˜.* ื™-ืงื™ืก ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉืข ื•ื•ืขื ื“ื•ื ื’ ืฆื• ืชึผื "ืš- 
ืžืึธื˜ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื“ืขืจ, ื•ื™ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืึธืก ืžืฉื™ื™ืš ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข, ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืขืก ืื™ื– 
ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคืึทืจืึทืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉืข ื•ื•ืขื ื“ื•ื ื’ ืฆื•ื ืชึผื "ืš-ืงืึธื ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ -- ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ืคืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ื“ื™ืžืขื ืกื™ืข 
ืื™ืŸ ื™.ืง'ืก ืจืขืคึผืจืขื–ืขื ื˜ืึทืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึทืจื’ืึทื ื’ืขื ื”ืฒื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืึทืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ืขื’ืจืึทืœืขืจ ื—ืœืง ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคื˜-ื‘ื™ืœื“. 
ื“ืึธืก ืื•ื™ืคื‘ื•ื™ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืจืึทืžืึทื˜ื™ืฉืข ื“ื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ "ื”ื ื‘ื™ื" ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึทื–ืึท ื“ืจืš ืคืึทืจืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืึท ื‘ืึทื“ืขืจืคืขื ื™ืฉ 
ืคืึทืจ ืึทื–ืฑื ืข ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ืŸ ื“ื•ื•ืงื, "ื”ื ื‘ื™ื" ืคืึทืจืฐืึทื ืœื“ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืžืงื•ื-ืžื™ืงืœื˜ ืคืึทืจ ืึทืœืฅ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื—ื™ื•ืชื“ื™ืง 
ื‘ืฒึท ื™ื™ืง., ืฐืฒึทืœ ืขืจ ืคืึทืจืคืœืขื›ื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืจื™ืฉืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื‘ ืฐืึธืก ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทืœื˜ื™ืงื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ 
ืชึผื "ื›ื™ืฉืŸ ืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ, ื‘ืึทืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื ื“ื™ืง ืึท ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืขื‘ืจ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืš ืึท ื’ืขื’ืึทืจื˜ืข ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคื˜.?? 

ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื“ "ืคืขืžื•ื ื™ื", ืงืฐืึทืœื˜ ืึทืจืฑืก ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ืคืœื•ื ื’ -- ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื’ื•ืจืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืึธืœืง ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœืข ื“ื•ืจื•ืช (ืื•ืŸ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืขื ื’ื•ืจืœ) ืคืึทืจืžื™ืฉืคึผื˜ ืฆื• ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืคื™ื–ื™ืฉืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ -- ื ืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืกื™ืžื‘ืึธืœื™ืฉืŸ ื‘ืึทื˜ืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืœืขืงืขืจ 
ืฐืึธืก ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืœื•ื™ืกื˜ืขืจืก, ืงืึธื ืฐืขื ื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืึทืœืึทืฆืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ-ืขืจื“ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื. ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ 
ื’ืœืขืงืขืจ, ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื–ืขืจ ืขืงื–ื™ืกื˜ืขื ืฅ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืฐืขืœื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื“ืขื ื—ื•ืฉ-ื”ืจืื™ื” ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื’ืขื”ืขืจ 
ืคืึทืจื ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ื‘ืฒึทื ืคึผืึธืขื˜ ืึทื–ืฑ ืึทืจื•ื ื™ืขื“ืข ืžืขื’ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจืฉืคึผื™ืจืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ-ืœืึทื ื“ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ 
ืกืึทืžืข ืึธืจื˜, ื“ื™ ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืข, ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ืขืก ืœื™ื’ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฐื™ืงืœื˜ ื”ืึธืคืขื ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจ ืึท ื‘ืึทื ืฒึทื˜ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ 
ืึท ืคืึทืจื•ื•ื™ืจืงืœืขื›ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืืฒื™ื‘ื™ืงืข ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื™ื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ืคืึทืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ. ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื•ืžืžื™ื˜ืœื‘ืึทืจืขืจ 
ื’ืขืคื™ืœ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืื™ื–, ืึทื– ืื•ื™ืš ื“ื™ ืื™ื™ื‘ื™ืงืข ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืžืขืจ ื‘ืึทืฐืขืœื˜ื™ืงื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืจื™ืกื˜ื ื˜ื•ื ืื•ืŸ 
ืึทื– ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื‘ืึทื–ืขืฆื˜. ื“ืึธืก ื“ืจื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืึทืจืฑืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืœืขืฆื˜ืขืจ ืกื˜ืจืึธืคืข ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื“ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– 
ืื™ื™ื’ื ื˜ืœืขืš ื“ืขืจ ื–ื™ืŸ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฆืŸ ืœื™ื“. ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทื“ืจืึธื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธ ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคื™ื–ื™ืฉืข, ื ืึธืจ ืึท ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ืขืจ 
ืึธื ื’ืจืฒึทืฃ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคึผื˜-ื—ืœื•ื ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืคืึธืœืง, ืึท ื—ืœื•ื ืฐืึธืก ืื•ื™ืš ืขืจ ื•ืขืจื˜ ืฆื• ื‘ื™ืกืœืขืš ืฆื•ื’ืขืจื•ื™ื‘ื˜ ื‘ืฒึท ืื™ื. ' 

ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืœื™ื“ ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉืข ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืฐืึธืก ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜, ืื™ืŸ 
ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืขืจื•ืช, ืœื™ื’ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฐืึธืก ื–ื™ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืขื“ื•ืช ืงืœืึธืจ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ื“ืฒื™ื˜ื™ืง - ืึทื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธื ื”ืฒื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืึทืคืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื–ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื‘ืจื•ืš ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜-ืžืœื—ืžื” ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืขื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืœืขื‘ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืฉืึทืคืŸ 
ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื›ื˜ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืึท ื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ืข, ืึทืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืขื˜ืึธื ืขื ืขืจ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึทืงื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืจืขืึทืœื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืฑืœืŸ ืื•ืŸ 


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ืคืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึทื–ืึท ืžื™ืŸ ืขื‘ืจ-ืขืชื™ื“ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื’ืœื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื• ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ื™ื™ืกื˜ื™ืง ื’ืขื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ 
ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืœืขื‘ืŸ. ื ืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืงื•ืงื•ื•ื™ื ืงืœ ืื™ื– ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืฆื• ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ืคืข ืึทื ื˜ื•ื™ืฉื•ื ื’-ื’ืขืคื™ืœืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ 
ืคืึทืจืึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ืข ืœื™ื“ืขืจ. | 
ืื™ื ืขื ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจืคื™ืจืŸ ื“ืขื ืฉืฐืขืจืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืึทืคืŸ, ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืฆื™ื•ื ื’ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืœืขื‘ื ืก-ื‘ืึทื“ื™ื ื’ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ 
ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ืฆื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜, ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจืขืจ ืคึผืขืจืกืคึผืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื˜ื™ืคืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื”ืขื›ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืฒื™ืกื˜ -- ืื™ื– 
ืคืึทืจืึทืŸ ืึธืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ืกืคืง ืึทืŸ ืึธื ืฐื•ึผื ืง ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืฐื™ืชึผื•ืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ืŸ ืคืึทืจืžืขืกื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ืจืงืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜. ืื•ืŸ 
ื˜ืึทืงืข ืึทื–ืฑ, ืึท ื‘ืฒึทื˜ืขื ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืึทื ื˜ืœืฑืคืŸ ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจืึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื™-ืง'ืก ืฉืจื™ืคื˜ืŸ ื‘ื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜-ืžืœื—ืžื”, ืื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืื™ื ืึธืคึผืฉืึทืฆืŸ ืœื’ื ืื™ ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจ - ืฐืฒึทืœ ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ื˜ื•ื˜, ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื“ืขืจ ืฐืึธืก ืึทื ื˜ืœื™ืคื˜ 
ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืžื™ืกื™ืข ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ื ืึทืจื•ืคื’ืขืœืฒื’ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ, ืฐืฒึทืœ ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื•ื™ ืฉืจืขืงืœืขืš ื–ื™ ืื™ื–. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื 
ืฉื˜ืขืงื˜ ืึท ืžื™ืŸ ื˜ืจืึทื’ื™ืฉืขืจ ืงืึทืžืฃ ืฆืฐื™ืฉืŸ ืึท ืœื™ื‘ืข ืฆื•ื ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคึผืฉื•ื˜ืขืจ ื“ืขืจื”ื•ื™ื‘ืขื ืขืจ ื ืึทื˜ื™ืจืœืขื›ืขืจ 
ืคึผืจืึทื›ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืึทืจืคืœื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืฆื•ื ื’ื•ืจืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืึธืœืง, ืึท ื’ื•ืจืœ ืึท ืฉืจืขืงืœืขื›ืขืจ, ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฆืŸ ืึทืŸ 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืขื ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื‚ืจ-ื”ืžื•ื•ืช. ื‘ื™ื– ื’ืึธืจ ื‘ืึทืœืขืจื ื“ื™ืง ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื™-ืงื™ืก ืจื™ื™ื“, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืงื“ืžื” ืฆื• 
ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื“ืจืฒึท ื‘ืขื ื“ ืฐื•ึผ ืขืจ ืึทื ืึทืœื™ื–ื™ืจื˜ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ืงืึธื ืคืœื™ืงื˜ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜- ืœื•ื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ.- 
ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ืขืžืคึผืœื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฆืŸ ืฉืึทืคืŸ. ื“ื™ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจื“ื™ืงืข ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืฐืึธืก ืžื™ืจ ืฐืขืœืŸ ื“ืึธ ื˜ืฒืœืฐืฒึทื– ืฆื™ื˜ื™ืจืŸ, ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ 
ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ืึทื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœื’ืขืžืฒื ืขื ืงืึธื ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืึทืคืŸ ื‘ื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜-ืžืœื—ืžื”. ืึท ืฉืึทืคึฟืŸ 
ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื™ื ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ื ืข ื›ืึทืจืึทืงื˜ืขืจื™ืกื˜ื™ืงืขืก ืื™ื– -- ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืขืžืึทื˜ื™ืง ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคืึทืจืึทืŸ ืฆื• ืคื™ืœ ืœื™ื“ืขืจ 
ืื•ืŸ/ืึธื“ืขืจ ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ืข ืคืึทืจืจื•ืคืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืจื“ื™ืคื•ืช ืคื•ืŸ ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ืื•ื™ืฃ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ, ืฆื™ ืจื™ื™ื“ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืžืฆื‘ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข 
ืœืฒึทื™ื“ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืข ืฆืฒึทื˜ืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืข ืฆืฒึทื˜ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื“ื•ืจ? ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ื›ึผืžื• ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– 
ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืึทืคืŸ, ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื™.ืง. ืึทืœื™ืŸ, ื ืึธืš ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ืžืœื—ืžื”: 
| "ืžืข ืฐืขื˜ ืžื™ืš ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคืจืขื’ืŸ, ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืคืึธืœืง ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื’ืึธื˜, ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืขื ื“ืขืจ ืœื™ื“ืขืจ 

ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืš ื’ื™ื‘ ืึทืจืฑืก ืื™ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืขืช-ืฆืจื” ืคืึทืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ... ืžื™ืจ ืึทืœืฒืŸ ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ื™ื—ื, ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ 

ื ื™ืฉื˜ -- ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืš... ืงืขืŸ ืื™ืš ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืืฒึทื ื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ื–ื™ื ื’!... ื ืื•ืŸ} ื˜ืึทืงืข ืก'ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– 

ืฆื• ืžืึธืœ ื ืžืืก ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืœื™ืงืข ืžืœืื›ื” ืฆื• ืจืึทื˜ืขืฐืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ื’ืึธื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืึทื ื˜ืœืฑืคึฟืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื•ื™ 

ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ. ืึทื ื˜ืœืฑืคื ื“ื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ืกื™ืข -- ืื™ื– ืื•ื ื“ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื ืคืงื-ืžื™ื ื” ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฐื•ึผื”ื™ืŸ 

ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ืคื™ืก ืคื™ืจืŸ -- ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืชึผืจืฉื™ืฉ ืฆื™ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื-ื˜ื™ืคึฟืขื ื™ืฉืŸ? ืฐื™ ืขืก ื–ืึธืœ ื ื™ืฉื˜ 

ื–ืฒึทืŸ -- ืืฉืจื™ื ืช... ืฐืฑื™ืœ ืื™ื– ื“ืขื ืฐืึธืก ืึทื ื˜ืœืฑืคื˜!... ืื•ื‘ ืื™ืš ืงื•ื ืื™ืฆื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืคึผืขืงืœ 

ืœื™ื“ืขืจ, ืฐืขื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื—ื˜ื ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืจืขืกืขืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ... ืžืฒึทืŸ ื–ื™ื ื“ ื˜ื• ืื™ืš ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ืขืŸ: ืฆื• ืžืึธืœ ื‘ืึทืฐื™ืœื™ืง 

ืื™ืš ืึทืœื™ื™ืŸ ืึทื ื˜ืฉืœืึธืคืŸ ืฆื• ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ื™ื”ื ื•ื ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืœืขื‘ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืช ืื™ืš ื“ืจื™ืžืœ, ื’ืขืฉืขื˜... 

ืื™ืš ืึทื ืขืจืงืขืŸ ืขืก, ืึทืคึผื™ืœื• ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจ ืึท ืกืš ืฐืขื˜ ืขืก ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืึท ืฐื•ึผื ื“ืขืจ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืš ืžืึทืš ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ, 

ื’ืขืฉืขื˜ ืึทื– ืื™ืš ื–ืข ืึท ื’ื•ื˜ืŸ ื—ืœื•ื. ืึทื–ืฑ ืึทืจื•ื ืงื•ื ืื™ืš ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื›ึผื•ื—ื•ืช, ื˜ืจื™ื™ืกืœ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืคึผ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ ืื•ื™ืฃ 

ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื ื’... ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธืขื–ื™ืข, ืึธื˜ ืื™ื– ื–ื™ ืึท ืคืึธืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื—ืœื•ื ืื™ื– ืขืก, ืฐืึธืก ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ื“ืขืจื–ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขืŸ 

ืžืฒึทื ืข ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื™ื ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจืžืึทื›ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ... ืฐืฒึทืœ ื˜ืึทืงืข ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขื“ื”, ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ 

ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืขืจื‘ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคืึทืจืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ, ืื™ื™ืŸ ื’ื•ืจืœ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืจ, ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจ ืžืขื’ ืื™ืš, ืก'ืื™ื– ืžื™ืจ 

ื“ืขืจืœื•ื™ื‘ื˜ ืื™ื™ื ืฆื•ื“ืจื™ืžืœืขืŸ, ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืคื•ื•ืขืงืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื‘ื”ืœื” ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื˜ื•ื™ื˜-ื’ืจื•ื™ืœ ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ, ื–ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข 

ืžื‘ื˜ืœ ื–ืฒึทืŸ -- ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื ื’ืขืŸ, ื–ื™ื ื’ืขืŸ, ื–ื™ื ื’ืขืŸ... ืก'ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื—ืœื•ืžืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืฐืึทืš. ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืœื™ื“ืขืจ 

ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื“ืึธ ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ, ื ืึธืจ ื—ืœื•ื-ืคืจืึทื’ืžืขื ื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืจืึทืžืขืŸ, ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ื–ื™ ืคืจืฒึท ื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ื‘ืขืช ืžืฒื™ืŸ 

ืึทื ื˜ืœืฑืคืŸ... ื‘ืขืช ื›'ื‘ื™ืŸ ืึทื ื˜ืœืึธืคืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ืจืงืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜, ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ืจืงืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ 

ืœืขื‘ืŸ. '' 


57 


"ืื™ืš ืึทื ื˜ืœืฑืฃ, ืคื•ื ืขื ื˜ืึธื’ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืข ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึทืŸ ืขืคืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืฆื• ื–ืขืŸ - ืึทื ื˜ืœืฑืฃ ืื™ืš, 
ืื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืข ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืขืคื ื˜ -- ื•ื™ ื–ื™ื™ ืฐืึธืœื˜ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื“ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ืึธื“ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ืก'ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืš 
ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืŸืขื“ืŸ ื ืึธืš ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ, ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ืึทืŸ ื ืึธืš ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื”ืึทื˜ ื’ืขื’ืขืกืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืขืฅ-ื”ื“ืขืช, ื›'ื‘ื™ืŸ 
ื ืึธืš ืึท ืงื™ื ื“ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ... ื–ืฒืขื ื“ื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ืงืึทืจืขืœื™ืฅ, ืžืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ืจืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื˜ืœ, ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื˜ืข. ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื ืึธืš 
ืงื•ื™ื ื’ืขื”ืึทื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืœืขืจื ื˜ ืฆื• ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ืคื™ืก ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ื•ืฉื•ื™ืŸ) ืึทื ื˜ืœืึธืคืŸ ืคืึทืจ ืึท 
ื’ื•ื™ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืžื™ืจ ืึท ื”ืึทืง ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืš ืฆื• ืฆืขืฉืžืขื˜ืขืจืŸ " 

ื™ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขื ื˜ืึธื’ ืึธืŸ ื”ืึทืœื˜ ืื™ืš ืื™ืŸ {ืื™ื™ืŸ| ืึทื ื˜ืœืฑืคืŸ... ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืฆืขื ื“ืœื™ืงืขืจ ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืึทื– ืื™ืš 
ืึทื ื˜ืœืฑืฃ, ืึทื– ืื™ืš ืคืึทืจืฉืคึผืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ืขืจืŸ ืคืึทืจ ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ืข ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื‘ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™... ืืฉืจื™ื›ื 
ืฐืึธืก ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืึทืœืฅ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืึธื˜ืจืึทืฐื•ืขืก ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขืžืึทื›ื˜. ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ื‘ื™ื™ืžืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืขืจ, (ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืึทืœืฅ} ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื–ืึทื›ืŸ ืกืชึผื ืึทื–ืฑ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื™ืขื ืข ืึทืœืข 
ืฉืจืขืงืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืœืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืคืœืขื’ืŸ ืคืึธืจืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืคืึทืจ ืžืฒึทื ืข ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืคืœืขื’ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืžื™ืจ 
ืคึผืœื•ืฆื™ื ืึธื ืคืึทืœืŸ. ื’ืขื”ืึทื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ ืึท ื›ึผื•ื— ืฆื• ื“ืขืจืฉืœืึธื’ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืึทืจื˜ืขืžืคึผืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืžืฒึทื™ื ืข ื—ื•ืฉื™ื, 
ื“ื™ ืฐืึทื›ืข ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื’ืึทืจื ื“ื™ืงืข ื ืึธืš ืคืจื™ื™ื“... ืฐืฒึทืœ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื‘ืึทืฐื•ึผืกื˜ื–ื™ื ื™ืง ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื“ืึธืก ืึทืœืฅ 
ืคืึทืจืฉื•ื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืจื•ื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืข ืœื™ื“ืขืจ, ื›ึผื“ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื“ืขื ื’ืฒึทืกื˜ ื ืึธืš ืžืขืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจืฉืœืึธื’ืŸ, ื“ื™ 
ืžืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืฒื™ื ืข ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ืžื™ืŸ ืึทื ื˜ืœืฑืคืŸ, ืึท ืžื™ืŸ ื–ื•ื›ืŸ ืึท ืจืขื˜ื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืึธื ื›ืึทืคึผืŸ 
ื–ื™ืš ืคืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืžื–ื‘ื—-ื•ื•ื™ื ืงืœืขืŸ. ื ืึธืš ื™ืขื“ืŸ ื”ืึทืงืœ-ืฉืฐื•ึผื ื’ ืคืœืขื’ ืื™ืš ื‘ืึทื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ืจ 
ื“ื•ืจืš ืฉืจืฒื™ื‘ืŸ ืกืชึผื ืึท ืœื™ื“ ื˜ืึธืžืขืจ ืœืขื‘ึผ ืื™ืš ื ืึธืš, ืื™ืš ืคืœืขื’ ืึธื ื˜ืึทืคึผืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืข ืจืž"ื— ืื‘ืจื™ื ืฆึทื™ ื–ื™ 
ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ืึธ ืื•ืŸ ืคื™ืœืŸ, ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ื ืึธืš ื“ืขื ื•ื™ ืึท ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืฃ ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขืคืึทืœืŸ, ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš 
ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ: ื•ื•ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–, ืื™ืš ืฆื™ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืงื•ื™ื ื’ืขืจืึทื˜ืขืฐืขื˜, ื•ื•ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– 
ืื™ื– ื ื™ื–ื•ืง ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ, ืื•ื™ื‘ ืžืฒึทื™ืŸ ืฉืึทืจื‘ืŸ ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฆืขืฉืžืขื˜ืขืจื˜, ืื™ื– ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ืึทื– ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื– 
ืฆืขืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืฉื˜ื•ื™ื‘, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขื ื—ืฉืฉ ืคืœืขื’ ืื™ืš ื‘ื•ื“ืง ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืžื•ื— ืฆื™ 
ื“ืขื ืงื˜ ืขืจ, ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื˜ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฅ ืฆื™ ืงืœืึทืคึผื˜ ืขืก ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ืจ, ืื™ืš ืคืœืขื’ ืื•ื™ืš ืคึผืจื•ึผืฐื•ืŸ ืœืึทื›ืŸ, ื˜ืึธืžืขืจ 
ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ืคืึทืจื’ืขืกืขืŸ ื—ืœื™ืœื”, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ -- ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืึทืจืฑืก ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ื˜ืึทื ืฆื ื“ื™ืงืข 
ืงืขืœื‘ืขืœืขืš, ื“ืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื“! ืฆื• ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืขืก ื’ืขื’ืœื™ื›ืŸ? ืฆื• ืึท ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– 
ื’ืขื‘ืจืึทื›ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืฆืขื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืขื ื’ืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื•ื•ืขื’ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื”ืึทื˜, ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื“ื™ 
ื‘ืจื™ืจื”: ื–ื™ืš ืึธื ื˜ืึธืŸ ืึท ืžืขืฉื‚ื” ืฆื™ ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืงื•ืœ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื ื’ืขืŸ... ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืงืœื™ื‘ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“, 
ื“ืึธืก ืœืขื‘ืŸ" (ื”ืงื“ืžืช ืชืจืฆ"ื–, ื–ื–' ื–ื–ืื-ืฉ1ืื). 


ื“ื™ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืฉื•ืจื” ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื‘ื™ื– ืึทื”ืขืจ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ืข ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืฆื•ื‘ื•ื ื“ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ืขื ื›ึผืœืœ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืื™ืŸ ื™ื™ืง'ืก 
ืฉืึทืคืŸ ื‘ื™ื–ืŸ ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ, ืื™ื– ืึทื– ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืึธืŸ ืงืขืŸ ื™.ืง'ืก ืฉืึทืคืŸ ื‘ืึทื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ ืฐืขืจืŸ-- ืœื•ื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข 
ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ -- ื•ื™ ืึท ื“ื™ืึทืœืขืงื˜ื™ืฉืข ื“ืขืจืฉื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’ ืฐืึธืก ืงื•ืžื˜ ืฆื• ืฉื˜ืึทื ื“ ืึทืœืก ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืขืงื–ื™ืกื˜ืขื ืฆื™ืึทืœืŸ 
ืžืฆื‘ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ืขืก ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš, ื’ืœืฒึทื›ืฆืฒึทื˜ื™ืง, ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืขื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืคืึธืœืง ื–ืฒึทื ืก. ื™-ืง'ืก ืคึผืึธืขื–ื™ืข ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจ 
ืžืขืจ ื•ื™ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืึท ื–ื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื™ื—ื™ื“, ืื•ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึทืงื˜ ืื™ื– ืึท ืฐืึธื’ื™ืงืขืจ ืฆื•ื’ืึธื‘-ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ ืคืึทืจ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ 
ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืคึผืจืขื˜ืึทืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืึทืคืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืจื™ื›ื˜ืขื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึทืœืฒืŸ ืึทืฐืขืง ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ืจืงืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฆืฒึทื˜, ืฆื• ืึท ืžืขื˜ืึทื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืŸ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืœืขื›ืŸ ืงืึธื ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ืœ ื•ื™ ืึท ื™ื™ึธื“ ืœืขื‘ืŸ. ื“ืขื ื’ืฒื™ืกื˜ื™ืงืŸ 
ื›ึผื•ื— ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื™ื ืกืคึผื™ืจืึทืฆื™ืข ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขื, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขืฉืขืคึผื˜ ืกืฒึท ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืชึผื "ื›ื™ืฉืขืจ 
ืคืึทืจื’ืึทื ื’ืขื ื”ืฒึทื˜ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืคึฟืึธืœืง ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืœืึทื ื“ ื’ืขืœืขื‘ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืกืฒึท ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคื˜-ื‘ื™ืœื“ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— 
ืคืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืงื ื™ืคึผื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื–ืขืœื‘ืŸ ืœืึทื ื“ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ืขืจ ืคึผืึทืจื’ืึทื ื’ืขื ื”ืฒื˜. ืขืก ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืึทืจืึทืŸ ืึท 


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ืžื™ืŸ ืฐื™ื“ืขืจืฉืคึผืขื ื™ืงืŸ ืงืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืœื•ืช-ืฐื™ืจืงืœืขื›ืงืฒึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืœืฒึทื›ืฆืฒึทื˜ื™ืง ืึท ืฉื˜ืจืขื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ืึท ืกืึธืฆื™ืึทืœืขืจ 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจืงืขืจืขื ื™ืฉ, ื’ืขื’ืœื™ื›ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืึธืจื™ืขื ื˜ืึทืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื—ืœื•ืฆื™ืฉืข ื™ื•ื’ื ื˜-ื‘ืึทืฐืขื’ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ืึธืจ 
ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ืคืึทืจืœืึธื–ืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ืœื•ืช ื ืึธืจ ื’ืœืฒึทื›ืฆืฒึทื˜ื™ืง ืื•ื™ืคื‘ื•ื™ืขืŸ ืึทืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคื˜, ืึท ื‘ืขืกืขืจืข, ืื™ืŸ ืืจืฅ- 
ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ. 

ื“ื™ ื“ืขืจืงืขื ื˜ืขื ื™ืฉ ืึทื– ืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืงืขืจ ืึธืคึผืขื ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื’ ืคืึทืจืŸ ื™ื•ื ื’ืŸ ื“ื•ืจ ืคึผืฑืœื™ืฉืข ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ, 
ืก'ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืคืึทืจืŸ ืคึผืฑืœื™ืฉืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื ื˜ื•ื ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคื˜, ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืึธืงืกืŸ ืึทืœืฅ ืฉื˜ืึทืจืงืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื’ืึทื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ืึธืจืŸ ื‘ืฒึท 
ื™ื™ืง. ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขื˜ืึทืคึผืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื–ื™ืš ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืึธืคึผื ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜. ืึท ืงืึธื ืงืจืขื˜ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืกื“ืจื•ืง ืคึฟืึทืจ 
ืื™ืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืฆื™ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื™.ืง. ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅื™ื”ื›ืฉืจื” ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืึธืจืึธื›ืึธื•ื• ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ "ื”ื—ืœื•ืฅ"- 
ื‘ืึทืฐืขื’ื•ื ื’-- ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืืฒึทื ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืึธื ื”ืฒื‘ึผ ื“ื™ ื“ืจืฒึทื™ืกื™ืงืขืจ ื™ืึธืจืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ 1936 ืื™ื– ื™.ืง. ืึทืจืฑืก 
ืขืคื ื˜ืœืขืš ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืคึฟืึทืจื˜ื™ื™ื“ื™ืงื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื—ืœื•ืฆื™ื ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธืคึผื ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ืึท ืคึผืึธืœืขืžื™ืฉืŸ ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœ ืœื•ื™ื‘ื ื“ื™ืง ื“ื™ 
ื—ืœื•ืฆื™ื ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื ืขืžื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืฑืœืŸ. ืคืึทืจ ืื™ื ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืขืึทืœื™ื–ื™ืจืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคื˜-ื‘ื™ืœื“ 
ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืžืขื ืก ืœื™ื›ื˜ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจืฆื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื•ื™ ืึท ืœืขืจืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื•ื•ืขืจืง. ืึทืŸ ืึธืคึผืขื ืขืจ ื‘ืจื™ื•ื• ืื™ื– ื“ืึทืŸ 
ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’ืฆืฒึทื˜ื•ื ื’ ื”ื™ึทื™ื ื˜, ืฐื•ึผ ื™ื™ืง. ืคึผืึธืœืขืžื™ื–ื™ืจื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืขื ื“ืขื ืฅ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ืคื™ืœืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคึผื˜ืœืขื›ืงืฒื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื”ืขืœืคื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืจืฒึทืกื™ืงืขืจ ื™ืึธืจืŸ, ืึท 
ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืจื™ืงื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืื•ื™ืคื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ื—ืœื•ืฆื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื”ื›ืฉืจื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืš ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืึธืจืŸ ื ืึธืš ื“ืขื ื•ื™ ื“ื™ 
ื˜ื•ื™ืขืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจืžืึทื›ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืคืึทืจ ืึท ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืขืžื™ื’ืจืึทืฆื™ืข. ื’ืขื˜ืขื ื”ื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื“ืึทืŸ 
ืคืึทืจืฉืฒื™ื“ืขื ืข ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ืงืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืขื‘ื ืก-ื‘ืึทื“ื™ื ื’ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื—ืœื•ืฆื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ื›ืฉืจื•ืช ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื“ื™ ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืฐืึธืก 
ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืคืึทืจืœื•ื™ืจืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ื™ื•ื’ื ื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื–ื™ืฆืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ ืึธืคึผ ืึธืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ืชึผื›ืœื™ืช, ืื“"ื’ืœ. ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ืื™ื– 
ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืงืึธื ื˜ื™ืง ืึทืŸ ืึธื ืฉื˜ืจืขื ื’ ืžื›ืฉื™ืœ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื• ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฆื• ืžืึทื›ืŸ ื“ื™ ื—ืœื•ืฆื™ื-ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื ืขืžื•ื ื’, ืึทื ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ 
ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ ืฆื• ื”ื™ืœืฃ ื‘ืขืช ืึทืŸ ืืžืชืจ ืขืช-ืฆืจื”. ื™.ืง'ืก ืึธืคึผืขื ืขืจ ื‘ืจื™ื•ื• ืื™ื– ืึทืŸ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ ืฆื• ืึท ืกืขืจื™ืข ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘. 
ื™ืื•ืฉื–ืึธืŸ ืงืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื›ืฉืจื”-ื“ืขืจืฉื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’.?* ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข ื–ืึทื›ืŸ, ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื™.ืง.: 


"ืžืข ืžื•ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืกืคึผืขืฅ ืื™ืŸ ืชึผื•ืจืช-ืžืึทืจืงืก ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึธืจืึธื›ืึธื•ื•, ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืคืึทืจื˜ื™ืคืŸ 
ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึธืžืคึผืœื™ืฆื™ืจื˜ืข ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืขืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื‘ืึทืื•ืžืจื•ื™ึทืงืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืขืจืฆืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขื“ืึทื ืงืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ 
ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื‘ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ื™ื•ื’ื ื˜, ื›ึผื“ื™ ืฆื• ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ื™ืงืข ื“ืขืจืฐื•ื™ื“ืขืจื“ื™ืงืข ืฆืฒึทื™ื˜ืŸ ืึท 
ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืข ื ื—ืžื” ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื—ืœื•ืฆื™ื-ืžื—ื ื”. ืื™ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืึธืจืขืžืงืฒื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืœืึธื–ื ืงืฒื˜, ืื™ืŸ 
ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืชึผื•ื”ื•-ื˜ืขื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื’ื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขื–ืขืจื˜ื™ืจื•ื ื’ -- ืฉืœืึธื’ื˜ ืึทืจืฑืก ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื ืข ื™ื•ื ื’ืข 
ืขื ื˜ืฐื–ื™ืึทืกื˜ื™ืฉืข ื ื—ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ืœื•ื™ื˜ืขืจืข ื•ื™ ืงืจื™ืกื˜ืึทืœ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื’ืœื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืขืกืขืจืขืจ ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคื˜ ืื•ืŸ 
ื’ื™ื™ืขืŸ ื–ื™ ืึทื ื˜ืงืขื’ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืžื•ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช-ื ืคืฉ... ื–ื™ ื–ื•ื›ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืคึผืจืึทื˜ืขืฐืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ื™ื™ืŸ. ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ 
ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืก, ืก'ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืžืขืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ืึธ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืฐืึธืก ืฆื• ื”ืึธืคืŸ. ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ืื•ื™ืกื–ื™ื›ื˜ ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคืึทืจืึทืŸ 
ืฐืฒื™ื˜ืขืจ ืฆื• ืขืงื–ื™ืกื˜ื™ืจืŸ. ื˜ืึทื˜ืข-ืžืึทืžืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื˜ืฒืœืฐืฒึทื– ืฆื™ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฆืŸ ืžื™ืืฉ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ, ื‘ืขืช ื‘ื™ื™ 
ื“ื™ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ื’ืœื™ื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืคื•ื ืง ืคื•ืŸ ื ืฆื—-ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ. ื–ื™ ืฐืขืœืŸ ืืฑืคึผื˜ืึธืŸ ืฐื•ึผื ื“ืขืจ... ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื•, ืฐืึธืก 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ื‘ื ื™ื™ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ ืืฑืกื’ืขืฐืึธืจืฆืœื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืœื™ื™ืฉ- ืื•ืŸ ืคื™ืฉ-ื˜ืึธืคึผ, ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ืคึฟืึทืจื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ืคืขืจืฆื™ืง 
ื™ืึธืจ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅื“ืžื“ื‘ืจ, ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืกืขืจื˜ื™ืคื™ืงืึทื˜ืŸ ืงืฒึทืŸ ืืจืฅื™ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ ื ื™ืฉื˜ 
ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ. ืžืŸ ื”ืกืชื, ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ ื™ืึธ ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ, ื ืึธืจ ืื™ื ืึทืœืฒืŸ, "ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜", 
ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืคืขืœื˜ ืึทืคื™ืœื• ืคึผืึทืจ ื–ื™ืš ืึทืœืฒืŸ... ืฆื™ ื’ืœื•ื™ื‘ื˜ ืื™ืจ, ืคืจืฒึทื ื“ ื™ืื•ืฉื–ืึธืŸ, ืึทื– ื“ื™ ื‘ื ื™-. 
ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื‘ืึทื“ืึทืจืคื˜ ืฆื•ืจื™ืงื’ื™ื™ืŸ "ืึทื”ื™ื™ื", ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืžืฆืจื™ื? ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืึทืคึฟื™ืœื• ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคึฟืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ 
ื–ื™ืš ืึทื– ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ื˜ ืึทื–ืฑ ื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืŸ... ืึทื– ืžืขืŸ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžื˜ ืึท ืชึผื•ืจื”, ืึท ืชึผื•ืจื” ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืึท ื ืฒึท ืœืขื‘ืŸ, ื”ืึทืœื˜ 

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ืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ... ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ืงืฒึทืŸ ืžืฆืจื™ื ืื™ื– ืžืขืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคืึทืจืึทืŸ. ืึท ืชึผื•ืจื”, ืื™ื– ืกื•ืฃ ืกื•ืฃ 
ื‘ื™ืœื›ืขืจ ืคืึทืจ ืึท ืกืขืจื˜ื™ืคื™ืงืึทื˜. ืึท ืชึผื•ืจื” ืฐืึธืก ืžืขืŸ ืคืึทืจืื™ื™ื’ื ื˜ -- ื’ื™ื˜ ื›ึผื•ื—, ืฉื˜ื•ื™ืกื˜, ื“ืขืจื•ื•ืขืงื˜ 
ืฆื•ื ืงืึทืžืฃ, ืฆื•ื ื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜ืŸ ืงืึทืžืฃ ืคืึทืจ ืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ... ื˜ืึธืžืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืื™ืจ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ, ื’ืขื ื•ื’ ืื™ื– ืžื™ื˜ 
ืื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ ื”ื›ืฉืจื”, ืื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื–ืฒึทื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ืึท ื”ืึทืœื‘ึผ ื™ืึธืจ ืื•ืŸ ืึทืคึผื™ืœื• ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขื ื•ื’, ื•ื•ืขืŸ 
ืก'ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจืึทืŸ ืึท ืคืจืฒึทื™ืข ืื™ื ืžื™ื’ืจืึทืฆื™ืข, ืฆื™ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ืŸ ื’ืขื”ืึทื˜ ื’ืขื ื•ื’ ืกืขืจื˜ื™ืคื™ืงืึทื˜ืŸ... ืคืึทืจืŸ 
ืœืึทื ื“ ืื™ื–, ื•ื™ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜, ื’ืขื ื•ื’ ืึท ื”ื›ืฉืจื” ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื”ืึทืœื‘ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ ืื•ืŸ ืึทืคึผื™ืœื• ื ืึธืš ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืึดื™ 
ื“ืขื ืœืึทื ื“-- ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืึทืคึผื™ืœื• ื“ืจื™ื™-ืคื™ืจ-ืคื™ื ืฃ ื™ืึธืจ ืื•ื™ืš ืฆื• ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืง! ืคื•ืŸ ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ-ื”ื›ืฉืจื” ืื™ื– ืงื™ื™ืŸ 
ื•ื•ืขื’ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจืึทืŸ, ืฐื•ึผื”ื™ืŸ ื–ืึธืœืŸ ื–ื™ ื–ื™ืš ื•ื•ืขื ื“ืŸ?... ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืฉื™ื˜ื™ืง ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ืึธ ืฐืึธืก ืฆื• 
ื˜ืึธืŸ, ืฐื™ ืื•ื™ืš ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื‘ืฒึท ื˜ืฉืขื ืกื˜ืขื›ืึธืฐื•, ืื™ืŸ ืึธื–ืึธืจืงืขื•ื•, ืฆื™ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข. ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืœืึธื“ื–ืฉ ืื•ืŸ 
ืื™ืŸ ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืŸ ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคืึทืจืึทืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ... ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื‘ืกื˜ืข ืึธืจื˜ ืคืึทืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉ, 
ืคืึทืจืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ื‘ื•ืš -- ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅื“ื”ื›ืฉืจื”, ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื˜ืึทืงืข ืฆืขืจื˜ืœื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ- 
ืื•ืฆืจื•ืช... ื“ืขืจ ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ืฉืึทืคื˜ ืคืึทืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื—ื‘ืจื™ื, ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื“ืขื ื“ืœื•ืช, ืึท ืžืขื’ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ ื”ื ืื” ืฆื• 
ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืจืฒึทื›ืŸ ื’ืฒื™ืกื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ืงืœืขื ืกื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืึธืจืขืžืกื˜ืŸ ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ืœืขืจื ื˜ ืžืขืŸ, ืžืข ืงืœืขืจ 
ืื•ื™ืฃ, ืžืข ืœื™ื™ืขื ื˜, ืžืข ื–ื™ื ื’ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืึทื ืฆื˜... ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืึธืงื˜ืขืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ 
ื’ื•ื˜ ืึทื– ืคืจื™ื™ื“ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืฒึทืกื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ื’ืขื ื•ืก ืฉื˜ืึทืจืงืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืคื™ื–ื™ืฉ..." 


ืึท ืงื™ืฆื•ืจ, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืชึผืงื•ืคื” ืคื•ืŸ ื™-ืง'ืก ืฉืึทืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื•ืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ -- ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืึทืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ื™ื™ ืชึผืงื•ืคื” 
ืกืฒึท ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืึทืคืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืกืฒึท ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึทืงื˜ื™ืฐืฑื˜ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื—ืœื•ืฆื™ืฉืŸ 
ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืจื•ื ื˜-- ืงื•ืžื˜ ืคืึธืจ ืึท ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื ื˜ืขื ืกื™ื•ื•ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆืึธืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืง'ืก ืฉืึทืคื•ื ื’ืขืŸ. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– 
ืึท ืžื™ืŸ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืฆื•ืจื™ืงื”ืึทืœื˜, ืก'ืฐืฒึทื–ื˜ ืื•ื™ืก-- ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขื ืฐืึธืก ื™.ืง. ื–ื•ื›ื˜ ื“ืึทืŸ ื ืฒึทืข ืื•ื™ืกื“ืจื•ืง-ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืื•ืŸ 
ืคึผืึทืกื™ืงืข ืคืึธืจืžืขืŸ ืคืึทืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืึทื ืขื ืื•ืŸ ืจืขืึทื’ื™ืจืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืจื™ืงืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืฒึทื˜ื ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืึทืœืฅ ื’ืจืฑืœื™ืงืขืจืขืจ 
ืจืขืึทืœื™ื˜ืขื˜. ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก ื“ืึทืจืฃ ื‘ืึทื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฉืึทืฆื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืคืึธืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื›ืึทืจืึทืงื˜ืขืจ-ืฉื˜ืจื™ื›ืŸ 
ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืึทืคืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜-ื‘ืึทื ืขื ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ืžืœื—ืžื”, ืœื•ื˜ ืฐื™ ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืงื•ืจืฆืŸ 
ื’ืขืคึผืจื•ึผืฐื•ื˜ ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื‘ืึทืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ. ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฉื˜ืึทื ื“ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ื˜ืึทืงืข, ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืคืึทืงื˜ื™ืฉ ื“ื™ ื“ืจืฒึท ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืชึผืงื•ืคื•ืช ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ืฉืึทืคึฟืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืจื•ืจ-ื”ื—ืœื•ืฅ, ืึท ื”ืžืฉืš ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืึทืคืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ 
ืžืœื—ืžื”. ืื•ื™ืš ื“ื™ ืคืขืจื˜ืข ืชึผืงื•ืคื”, ื–ืฒึทืขื ื“ื™ืง-- ื•ื™ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜-- ืึทืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ื™ื™-ืชึผืงื•ืคื”, ืึทื ื˜ื”ืึทืœื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื˜ 
ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ืŸ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืงืึธื ื˜ื™ื ื•ื™ึทื˜ืขื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜ ืึท ืงืขืจืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืึทืคืŸ, ืื•ื™ืฃ ื•ื•ื™ืคืœ ื–ื™ 
ืึทื ื˜ื”ืึทืœื˜ ืึทืŸ ืึธื ื–ืึธื’ ืคืึทืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฐื™ื™ื˜ืขืจื“ื™ืงืŸ ืฉืึทืคืขืจื™ืฉืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’. 

ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืชืงื•ืคื” ื–ืขืฆื˜ ืคึฟืึธืจ ื™ื™ืง. ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืฐื™ืจืงืœืขื›ืงืฒื˜ ("ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืขืœื˜", 
"ืžื™ืš ืฆื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึทืก", ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืขืžืข "ื™ื–ื›ึผื•ืจ"), ืขืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืš ืคืึทืจืึทืŸ 
ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึฟืึธืจื ื‘ื™ึทื™ื ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทืœื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืจื™ืฉืข ืจืขืึทืงืฆื™ืข: ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคืจืึทื’ืžืขื ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื›ืจืึธื ื™ืงืึทืœื™ืฉืข ืจืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืฉืจืฒึทื™ื‘ื˜ ื™.ืง. ืฆื•ื ืกื•ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืชึผืงื•ืคื”, ืฆื•ื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืžืึธืœ, ืึท ืฆืึธืจื ืœื™ื“ -- "ืฉืคื•ืš 
ื—ืžืชืš", ืฐื•ึผ ืขืจ ืจืขืึทื’ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ื’ืขืขื ื“ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ืจืงืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืžืึทืกืŸ-ืคืึทืจื ื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’, ืฐืึธืก ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ 
ืึทืœืฅ ืงืœืึธืจืขืจ ื‘ืึทื ื•ืžืขืŸ. ื™:ืง'ืก ืœืขืฆื˜ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืง ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืชึผืงื•ืคื”, ืื™ื– ืึท ืจืขื“ืข ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขื ืงื•ื ืคื•ืŸ 
ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉืข ืœืขืจืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ื‘ืขืช ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืกื“ืจ-ื ืึทื›ื˜. ืคืึทืจื’ืœืฒึทื›ื ื“ื™ืง ื“ื™ ืžืึธืก ืฐื™ืกื™ืงืฒึทื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื 
ืฐืึธืก ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ื“ืขืจืฐืึทืจื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื ืึธืขื ื˜ืขืจ ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคื˜, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจืขื“ืข ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื™-ืง'ืก ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื‘ื™ืึทืœื™ืงืŸ, 
ืึท ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื™ืึธืจ ืคืจื™ึดืขืจ -- ืงืขืŸ ืžืขืŸ ื‘ืึทื’ืจืฒึทืคืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืคืึทืจ ืึท ืžื™ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื‘ืฒึทื˜ ืก'ืื™ื– ืคืึธืจื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ืึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ 
ื’ืขื˜ืึธ-ื‘ืึทืฐื•ึผืกื˜ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืฒึทื™ ื™.ืง. ื‘ืคืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื’ื•ืจืœ ืฐืึธืก ื“ืขืจืฐืึทืจื˜ ื“ื™ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ 


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ื’ืขื˜ืึธ-ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ. ืื•ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื–ืึท ืคืึทืจื’ืœืฒึทืš ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืงืœืึธืจ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ื™ื™-ื›ืึทืจืึทืงื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืชึผืงื•ืคื”, ืื™ืŸ 
ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ืขืก ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื‘ืึทื˜ืึธื ื˜ ื‘ืฒึท ื™.ืง. ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืฐื•ึผืกื˜ื–ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ ืฆื•ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ืึท ืžืขื’ืœืขื›ืŸ ื˜ื•ื˜ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื ืึธืš ื ื™ืฉื˜ 
ืฆื• ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจืŸ. ื“ืขืจ ืึทื“ืจืขืก ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืจื™ื™ืกื˜ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืฆื•ื”ืขืจืขืจ ** ืฆื•ื ืื™ื‘ืขืจื‘ืœืฒื™ื‘ืก ืคื•ืŸ 
ืคืึธืœืง ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฆืขืฉืคึผืจืฒื˜ืงืฒื˜ ืฐืึธืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ืขืงื–ื™ืกื˜ื™ืจืŸ ืื•ื™ืกืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ืึธืงื•ืคึผื™ืจื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื™ืจืึธืคึผืข,*? ืื•ื™ืš ื ืึธืš 
ื“ืขืจ ืžืขื’ืœืขื›ืขืจ ืืฑืกืจืึธื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืืฒื™ืจืึธืคึผืข. ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขื™ืงืจ -- ื™.ืง. ื˜ื•ื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ื˜ืจื™ื™ืกื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฐืึธืก ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ 
ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทื™ืฉืข (ืืคืฉืจ) ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื ื˜ื•ื˜ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื–ืขืœื‘ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ ื•ื™ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ื•ื•ื™ืœื ืขืจ ื‘ืจื™ื“ืขืจ. "ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜", ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ 
ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ืขืจ ืจืขื“ื˜ ืคืึทืจ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉืข ืœืขืจืขืจ, ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืคืึทืจืฐืึทื ื“ืœื˜ ื‘ืฒึท ืื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืงืฐื•ืึทืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ืึทืจืงื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ 
ืฐื™ื˜ืึทืœึดื™ื˜ึถืขื˜ ืคืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืชืคื•ืฆื•ืช-ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ ืื•ื™ืกืขืจ ืืฒืจืึธืคึผืข, ืึท ืงืฐืึทืœ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืœื•ื˜ ืื™ื ื˜ืจืึทื’ื™ืฉ ืจืฒึทื›ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืึท 
ืกืš ืฐื™ืจืงื–ืึทืžืขืจ ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจื“ื™ืงืข ืคื™ื–ื™ืฉืข ืขืงื–ื™ืกื˜ืขื ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ืื™ืŸ ืืฒื™ืจืึธืคึผืข. 
ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืจืขื“ืข ืคึผืึทืจ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉืข ืœืขืจืขืจ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ืึทืคึผืจื™ืœ 1942, ื“ืจื™ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืก ื™.ืง. ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉืข 
ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืข ืงืึทื˜ืขื’ืึธืจื™ืขืก, ืžืึทื›ื ื“ื™ืง ื“ืขื ืื•ื™ืกืคื™ืจ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ืคื’ืึทื‘ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฐืึธืก ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ื ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ ืื™ื– ืฆื• 
ืคืึทืจื–ืึธื’ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืคืึทืจืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื‘ืœืฒื™ื‘ืก ื•ื•ื•ึผ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฐื•ึผ. ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึทืŸ ืึธืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืฒึท ื™.ืง. ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื‘ื™ื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืคึผืจืึธืคึผืึธืจืฆื™ืขืก ืื™ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึธืœืง ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ื™ ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืจื™ืฉืŸ 
ืฉืึทืคืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื‘ื™ื˜ืŸ. ืคื•ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืช ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื‘ืึทืฐื•ึผืกื˜ื–ื™ื ื™ืง ืึทื ื˜ืœืึธืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžืฉืš ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืœืขื‘ืŸ, ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืžืขืจ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืžืขื’ืœืขื›ืงืฒื™ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฆื• ืึทื ื˜ืœืฑืคืŸ. ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืคึผื ื™ื-ืืœ-ืคึผื ื™ื ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื˜ื•ื˜ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืึธืœืง ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืขื ื˜ื•ื™ื˜, ืื™ื– ืึทืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืงืขืจืขื ื™ืฉ ืคืึธืจื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขื“ืึทื ืงืขืŸ- ืื•ืŸ 
ื’ืขืคื™ืœืŸ-ื•ื•ืขืœื˜-- ืคืึทืจ ืื™ื ืื™ื– ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ืึทืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืฆื• ืจืขื“ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื˜ื•ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ ืึท ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจื“ื™ืงืŸ 
ืœืขื‘ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืคื”ืขืจืŸ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื‘ืฉืขืช ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ืึทื ื˜ืœืฑืคืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜.** ืื™ืŸ ื—ื•ืจืฉ ืึทืคึผืจื™ืœ 1942, 
ืื™ื– ื‘ืฒึท ื™ื™ืง. ืคืึธืจื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทื ื˜ืฉืฒื“ื ื“ื™ืงืข ื’ืฒึทืกื˜ื™ืงืข ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืคืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข. ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ืคืึธืจื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฐื™ ืึท 
ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืึธื ืคืึทื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืœื™ืงืฐื™ื“ืึทืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื ืขืจืึทืœ-ื’ื•ื‘ืขืจื ื™ืข ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืกื™ืžื ื™ื 
ืคืึทืจ ืึท ืจืขืึทืœืขืจ ืกื›ึผื ื” ืคืึทืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื•ืึทืจืฉืข, ื‘ืคืจื˜. ื“ื™ ื’ืจืขื ืขืฅ-ื“ืึทื˜ืข ืฐืึธืก ืฆืขื˜ื™ื™ืœื˜ ื“ื™ ืคืขืจื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืคื™ื ืคึฟื˜ืขืจ ืชึผืงื•ืคื”, ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ื™ืงืข ื ืึทื›ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ, ืคึฟื•ืŸ 17ื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ 18ื˜ืŸ ืึทืคึผืจื™ืœ 1942, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืก 
ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขืžืึทื˜ื™ืฉ ื“ืขืจืžืึธืจื“ืขื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉืŸ ืึทืจื•ื ืคื•ืคืฆื™ืง ืคึผืขืจื–ืึธืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ 
ื ืึทื›ื˜. ื“ืขืจ 18ื˜ืขืจ ืึทืคึผืจื™ืœ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืึท ืงืขืจืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคึผืึธืœื™ื˜ื™ืฉืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืจื•ื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ 
ื’ืขื˜ืึธ, ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืš ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึทื˜ืข ืื™ื– ืคืึธืจื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืึท ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืคืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ืื™ืŸ ื›ืึทืจืึทืงื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืขืจื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืคึผืจืขืกืข ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ืก'ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ื™ื– ื“ืึทืŸ ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ื™.ืง'ืก ื•ื•ืขืจืง.? ื–ืฒื™ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืข 
ื“ืขืจ ืึธื ื”ืฒื‘ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืคึฟืึทืจืฉื˜ืึทืจืงื˜ืขืจ ื˜ืขืจืึธืจ-ื›ืฐืึทืœื™ืข ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืฆื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื‘ื™ื–ืŸ ื’ืจื•ืกืŸ 
ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ, ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืึธืขื ื˜ืข ืงืจืฒึทื–ืŸ ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขื’ืจืจื•ื ื˜ ืื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืš ืคืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ื ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ 
ืึธื ื’ืขืคึผืึทื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื ืขืจืึทืœ-ื’ื•ื‘ืขืจื ื™ืข. ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจ ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ืึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื“ืึทืŸ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ื™ืงืข ื ืึทื›ื˜ ืื™ื– ืึท 
ื”ืงื“ืžื” ืฆื• ืึท ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืคึผืœืึทืŸ ืคืึทืจ ืึท ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื™ื™ึทื“ืŸ ื“ืค 
ื‘ืึทืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื ื“ื™ืง ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืึทืคึผืจื™ืœ-ื˜ืขื’, ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ื™.ืง. ืื™ืŸ "ืคื™ื ืงืก ื•ื™ื˜ืœ": 
"ื“ื™ ืคึผืกื—-ื˜ืขื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ ืชืฉ"ื‘ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจ ืื•ื ื“ื–, ื“ื™ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ, ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฉืจืขืงืœืขื›ืข. 
ืก'ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึธื ื’ืขื”ืฑื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืขื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื”ืจื’ืขื ืขืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืฆืœื ืข, ื“ื™ ื ืขื›ื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขื’ ืžืงื ื 
ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ. ื™ืขื“ืข ื ืึทื›ื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ื—ื™ื”ืฉืข ืก.ืก. ืึธื ื’ืขืงืœืึทืคึผื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ื”ืฒึทื–ืขืจ. ื–ื™ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ 
ืฉื˜ื™ืœ-ืคืึธืจื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ืื•ื™ื˜ืึธ ืึทืจืฑืก, ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึทืœืข ืฉื˜ืึธืงืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืฑืขืจ, ืขืจ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขื•ื•ืขืงื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ื™ืคืกื˜ืŸ ืฉืœืึธืฃ, ืื•ืŸ ืึทืœืข ืืฒึทื ืฐืฑื ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื”ืฑื™ืฃ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ 
ืฆืขื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ: ื•ื•ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืฐืขื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจืฉืœืขืคึผื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืฉืึธืกืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืขืคึผ, ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืฃ, ืื™ืŸ 
ื“ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ?... ื“ื™ ืคึผืกื—-ื˜ืขื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ ืชืฉ"ื‘! ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืŸ!... ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืŸ ืื™ื– ืฆืขืฉื˜ืขืจื˜, ืืฑืกื’ืขื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ, 


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ื’ืขืขื ื“ื™ืงื˜. ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื“ืขืจื”ืจื’ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ ื‘ื™ื– ื’ืจื•ื™ืก, ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืคืจื•ื™ ื‘ื™ื– ืึทืŸ ืขื•ืคื”ืœืข, 
ืžื•ื˜ืขืจืก ืžื™ื˜ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื‘ื•ื™ืš. ื“ื™ ืงืœืึทื ื’ืขืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืฆื• ืื•ื ื“ื– ื“ืขืจื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ืŸ ื˜ืขืœืขืคืึธืŸ, 
ืœื•ื™ืคืขืจืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืฆืขืฉื™ืงื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ, ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข, ืžื™ื™ื“ืœืขืš ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืžื™ื˜ ื’ื•ื™ื™ึดืฉืข ืคึผืึทืคึผื™ืจืŸ, ืึธื ืฆื•ื–ืึธื’ืŸ-- 
ื•ื•ื™ื™ ืื•ื ื“ื–, ืึทืœืฅ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜! ืึทืœืข ืคึผืจื˜ื™ื ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜, ื“ื™ "ื’ื•ื™ื™ื" ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ 
ื’ืขื‘ืจืึทื›ื˜...* (ื–ื™ 163), 95 


62 


ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื‘ืฒื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ืฉืึทืคืŸ ืคึผื ื™ื-ืืœ-ืคึผื ื™ื ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ 


ื ืึธื›ืŸ 18ื˜ืŸ ืึทืคึผืจื™ืœ 1942 ืื™ื– ืขืจื ืกื˜ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืจื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื– ื“ืึทืŸ ืึธื ื’ืฒืขื ื“ื™ืงืข ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื—ืœื•ืฆื™ืฉืขืจ ืงืึธืžื•ื ืข ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื–ื™ืขืœื ืข 34, ื’ืœืฒึทืš ื ืึธืš ื“ืขื ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ื ืึทื›ื˜ ืึทืจื•ืžื’ืขื–ื•ื›ื˜ ื™ืฆื—ืง 
ืฆื•ืงืขืจืžืึทื ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื‘ื™ื” ืœื•ื‘ืขื˜ืงื™ื ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข ืžื™ื˜ื’ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืฐืขื’ื•ื ื’. ื ืึธืš ื™ืขื ืขืจ ื ืึทื›ื˜ 
ืื™ื– ื‘ืึทืฉืœืึธืกืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืึทืจืฑืกืฆื•ื’ืขื‘ืŸ, ืึทื ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ึดืขืจื“ื™ืงืข ืคึผืขืจื™ืึธื“ื™ืฉืข ืืฑืกื’ืึทื‘ืขืก "ื“ืจื•ืจ" ืื•ืŸ 
"ืฐืึธืœื ืึธืฉื˜ืฉ* (ืคึผืฑืœื™ืฉ) ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืžื•ื–ื˜ ืื•ื™ืคื”ืขืจืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจืฉืฒื™ื ืขืŸ, ืึท ืฐืึธื›ื ื‘ืœืึทื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ "ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช" 
ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ืงื•ืจืฆืข ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืื•ืžืงื•ื. ื“ืขืจ ืฆื™ืœ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขืžืึทืกืงื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉืŸ ืื•ืŸ 
ืฆืขืฉืžืขื˜ืขืจืŸ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ื˜ืจืึธืคึผืŸ ืฆื•ื˜ืจื•ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ื‘ืึทืคืขืœืงืขืจื•ื ื’ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืช.?" ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื˜ืขื ืขื ื‘ื•ื™ื, 
ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข ืื™ืŸ ืžืขืจืฅ 1942, ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืึท ืžื™ื˜ื’ืœื™ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจืขื“ืึทืงืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ 
ืื™ื ืคืึธืจืžืึทื˜ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฐืึธื›ื ื‘ืœืึทื˜ "ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช". ืื™ื™ื ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืื•ื™ืคื’ืึทื‘ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ื˜ืจืขืคืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ 
ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ืœืขืจ ืฐืึธืก ืคืœืขื’ืŸ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืข ืขืงืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื ืขืจืึทืœ-ื’ื•ื‘ืขืจื ื™ืข, ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคืงืœืฒึทื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื™ื ืคืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืขืก 
ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉืข ืคืึทืจืคืึธืœื’ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ ืคืึทืจืขืคื ื˜ืœืขื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ "ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช".??! ืœืฑื˜ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืฆื•ืงืขืจืžืึทื ืขืŸ, 
ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ื“ื™ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืขืจื“ื™ืฉืข ืคึผืจืขืกืข ืื™ื‘ืขืจื“ืจื•ืงืŸ ื“ื™ ืื™ื ืคืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ืฐืึธืก ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืคืึทืจืขืคื ื˜ืœืขื›ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ. 
ืขืก ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืชืงื•ืคื” ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขืฐื•ืขืŸ ืึท ืžื™ืŸ ืื™ื ืคืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข-ืืฑืกื˜ืฑืฉ ืฆืฐื™ืฉืŸ "ืขื•ื ื’-ืฉื‘ืช", ื“ืขืจ 
ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืขืจื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืึทืจื›ื™ื•ื• ื’ืขื’ืจื™ื ื“ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืขืžื ื•ืืœ ืจื™ื ื’ืขืœื‘ืœื•ืžืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืขื“ืึทืงืฆื™ืข-ืžื™ื˜ื’ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ "ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช", 
ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ืขืจ ืคืึทืจืžื™ื˜ืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื’ื•ื˜ืงืึธื•ื•ื‘ืกืงื™, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ืœืขืจืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืข ืื™ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืขืจื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ื’ื™ืžื ืึทื–ื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ "ื“ืจื•ืจ" ืื•ืŸ ื’ืœืฒึทื›ืฆืฒึทื˜ื™ืง ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืึทืŸ ืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ 
"ืขื•ื ื’ ืฉื‘ืช". ืฐื™ ืขืก ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืฆื•ืงืขืจืžืึทืŸ (ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืžื™ื ื“ืœืขื›ืŸ ื’ืขืฉืคึผืจืขืš), ื–ืฒึทื™ื ืขืŸ ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืข ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืง 
ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ืฉืึทืคื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื "ืขื•ื ื’-ืฉื‘ืช"-ืึทืจื›ื™ื•ื• ืึท ื“ืึทื ืง ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื ื™ืฆื™ืึทื˜ื™ื•ื• ืคื•ืŸ ื’ื•ื˜ืงืึธื•ื•ืกืงื™ืŸ. 
ื“ืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืึทืคื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ื™ื– ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ืฆื• ื˜ืึธื’ ืื™ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืŸ ืื™ื ืกื˜ื™ื˜ื•ื˜ ืึดื™ืŸ 
ืฐืึทืจืฉืข. ื™ืฆื—ืง ืฆื•ืงืขืจืžืึทืŸ ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืžืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืœื™ื™ื˜-ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ "ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช", ื•ื™ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ื™ 
ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ "ื“ืคื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ืœื•ื—" ืฐืึธืก ืคืึทืจื ืขืžื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ืึทืฆืฒื™ื›ืขื ืขืŸ ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืข ื“ืึทื˜ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉืŸ 
ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึท ื“ืขืจืฆื™ืขืจื™ืฉืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืึทื ื˜ื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ืึท ืจืžื– ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืึธืœืฆืขืจ ื”ืึทืœื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืš ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ื•ืจื•ืช-- ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืกืขืงืฆื™ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืจืขื“ืึทื’ื™ืจื˜ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื˜ืขื ืขื ื‘ื•ื™ื. 

ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืชึผืงื•ืคื” ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืขืจื“ื™ืฉืข ืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ื˜ืขื˜ ืื•ื™ืคืฆื•ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืึท ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืงืึทืžืคึฟืก-ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ืึทืฆื™ืข 
ืึธื ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืงืึธื ืงืจืขื˜ืขืจืข ืื•ืŸ ืึทื ื˜ืฉืœืึธืกืขื ืขืจืข ืคืึธืจืžืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจื™ืึธืจื™ื˜ืขื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ "ื“ืจื•ืจ"- ืื•ืŸ "ื”ื—ืœื•ืฅ"- 
ืึธื ืคื™ืจื•ื ื’ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื‘ื™ื˜ืŸ. ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืึธืคึผืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืขืจืฉืœื™ื ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆืฒื™ื˜ืฉืจื™ืคื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ 1941/40 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผื•ื‘ืœื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื ืคืึธืจืžืึทื˜ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฐืึธื›ื ืฉืจื™ืคื˜ "ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช" ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืึธืจื˜, ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ 
ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื ืึธืš ืคืจื™ึดืขืจ, ืฐื™ ืขืก ื–ืขื˜ ืื•ื™ืก, ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ืคื˜ืจื™ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืจืึทืžืึทื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืกื˜ื•ื“ื™ืข ืื•ืŸ, ื‘ืžืฉืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืฆืฒึทื˜, ืื•ื™ืš ื“ื™ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ-ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜. ืึท ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืขืจื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืคื™ืจืขืจืฉืึทืคื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฆืฐื•ึผื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื• ื‘ืฒึทื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืฐืฑื™ื ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ืขืก ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืึทืœืฅ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ื˜ืจืขืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืจืขืกืขืจืข ื’ืจื•ืคึผืขืก, ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ ืžื•ื– ื–ื™ืš ื˜ืจืขืคืŸ 
ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืกื•ื“. 101 | | 

ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคื™ื ืคื˜ืขืจ ืชึผืงื•ืคื” (ืคื•ืŸ 18ื˜ืŸ ืึทืคึผืจื™ืœ ื‘ื™ื–ืŸ 22ื˜ืŸ ื™ื•ืœื™ 1942) ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืฆื• ืื•ื ื“ื– ื“ืขืจื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืจืง ืคึฟื•ืŸ 
ื™ื™ืง. ืื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืึทืคื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™, "ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึธื“ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืœืึทื›ื˜", ื‘ืึทืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ืจืฑืœื™ืงืข ื•ื•ื™ืจืงืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืชึผืงื•ืคึผื” 
ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžืึธืจื“ ืื•ืŸ ืื›ื–ืจื™ื•ืชื“ื™ืงืข ื‘ืึทื”ืึทื ื“ืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืึท ื˜ืึธื’-ื˜ืขื’ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜. ื“ื™ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข 
ื“ืจืฒึท ืฐืขืจืง ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืกื˜ืข ืฐืึธืก ื™.ืง. ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข. ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืฉืึทืคื•ื ื’, "ื•ื•ื™ื™ ื“ื™ืจ", 
ืื™ื– ืึท ืงืœืœื” ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื ื‘ื™ืื™ืฉืŸ ื ื•ืกื—. *"* ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืึท ืœื™ื“ ืฐืึธืก ื™.ืง. ื”ืึธื˜ ืคึฟืึธืจื’ืขืœื™ื™ืขื ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืจ 


63 


ืคืึทืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื‘ืึทืงืึทื ื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ ืคืจืฒึทื™ื ื“. ืขืจ ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ื“ืขื ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืžืฉืš ืžืึธื ืึทื˜ืŸ, ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฐืึธื›ืŸ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ. ื“ื™ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ: ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืฉืœืžื” ื–ืฉืขืœื™ื›ืึธื•ื•ืกืงื™ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธืขืžืข ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ 
ืจื‘ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ืจืึทื“ื–ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ืฑื‘ืŸ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ ื ืึธืš ืคืึทืจืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ (ื•ื•ื™ ืขืก ื‘ืึทืฐืฒึทื–ื˜ ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืข ื‘ืฒึทื 
ืกื•ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืกื˜ืจืึธืคืข ื˜"ื• ืื™ืŸ ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“). ื“ื™ ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคื™ื ืคื˜ืขืจ ืชึผืงื•ืคื” ื–ืฒึทื™ื ืขืŸ ืึทืœืข, ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื˜, ื™.ืง'ืก 
ืึทืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื“ืจื•ืง ืคืึทืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฆืึธืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื ืื” ืฆื•ื ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉืŸ ืคืึธืœืง, ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜ ื’ืขื”ืขืจืŸ ื–ื™ ืฆื• ื–ืฒึทื ืข 
ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืกื˜ืข ืคึผืึธืขื˜ื™ืฉืข ื“ืขืจื’ืจื™ื™ื›ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื‘ืฒึทื ืื•ื™ืกื“ืจื™ืงืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืึทื ืึทืœื™ื–ื™ืจืŸ ื“ืขื ืžื”ื•ืช ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืจืขืึทื’ื™ืจืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ 
ื“ืฒึทื™ื˜ืฉืข ืžืึทืกืŸ-ืืฑืกืจืึธื˜ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ. 

ื“ืขืจ ืื•ืคืŸ ื•ื™ ื™.ืง. ื‘ืึทื ื™ืฆื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืข ืคืึทืงื˜ืŸ, ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื‘ื•ื ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืขื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืฉืึทืคื•ื ื’ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ 
ื•ื™ืจืงืœืขื›ืงืฒื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจื ื•ื™ ืขืก ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทืœื˜ื™ืงื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืขืจ ื‘ืึทืฐื•ึผืกื˜ื–ืฒื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ึทื ืข 
ื’ืขื“ืึทื ืงืœืขื›ืข ื”ืฉื‚ื’ื•ืช -- ื“ืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆืขื ื˜ืจืึทืœืข ืึทืกืคึผืขืงื˜ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื“ืึทืจืคืŸ ืึทื ืึทืœื™ื–ื™ืจื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื™ืŸ ืฉืึทืคืŸ ื‘ืขืช 
ื“ืขืจ ืคื™ื ืคื˜ืขืจ ืชึผืงื•ืคื”, ื›ึผื“ื™ ืฆื• ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื™-ืง'ืก ืจืขืึทืงืฆื™ืข ืคึผื ื™ื-ืืœ-ืคึผื ื™ื ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจืŸ ื˜ื™ื™ื˜. ืื™ืŸ ืึธื˜ 
ื“ืขืจ ืคื™ื ืคื˜ืขืจ ืชึผืงื•ืคื” ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฉืึทืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ื“ืึทืจืฃ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืจืขืึทืงืฆื™ืข ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉืŸ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฆืฒึทื˜, ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฉืึทืฆื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื•ื™ ืึท ืจืขืึทื’ื™ืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืจื™ื˜ืขืจ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ืขื ืกื™ื•ื•ืงื™ื™ื˜, ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืึทืžืขืŸ 
ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื–ื™ืš ืึทื ื˜ืฐื™ืงืœืขื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ื•ื™ืกื™ืงื™ื™ื˜-ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก -- ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืึทืกื™ืžื™ืœืึทืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืœืขืจ 
ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฐื•ืึธืก ื’ืขืฉืขื˜ ืื™ื™ื’ื ื˜ืœืขืš ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืืฒืจืึธืคึผืข: ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ืฉืึทืคืŸ ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืžืขืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึธืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืŸ ืขืงืฉื ื•ืชื“ื™ืงืŸ ื’ืฒึทืกื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื“ื•ื™ืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ-ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜, ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื“ืขืจ 
ืฐืึธืก ืฐืึทืจื˜ ืึธืคึผ-- ืขื“ ื™ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื–ืขื. ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืึทืคืŸ ื”ืขืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืฆื• ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืึท ืžื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืฆื• ืึท ืžืขื’ืœืขื›ืŸ ื˜ืฑื˜ 
(ื•ื•ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืชึผืงื•ืคื”), ื ืึธืจ ืขืก ืคืึทืจืฐืึทื ื“ืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื“ื™ืจืขืจืงื˜ืขืจ ืงืึธื ืคืจืึธื ื˜ืึทืฆื™ืข ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืคึผืึธืขื˜ ืื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขื ื–ื™ื›ืขืจืŸ ื˜ื•ื˜, ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื’ืึทื ืฆืŸ ื›ึผืœืœ, ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ืก'ืื™ื– ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืึทื ื˜ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืžืขืจ. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืชืงื•ืคื” 
ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืึทืจืฑืกืคืึธื“ืขืจ ืึท ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ืขืจ, ื“ืึธืก ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ ืžื•ื– ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืขืจืคื™ืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืžื™ืกื™ืข, ืื•ืŸ ื™.ืง. ืึทื ื˜ืœื•ื™ืคื˜ 
ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืžืขืจ, ืขืจ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื˜. 

ื“ื™ ื’ืฒึทื™ืกื˜ื™ืงืข ื›ึผื•ื—ื•ืช ืฐืึธืก ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ืึธื ื’ืขืฐืขื ื“ื˜ ื‘ืฒึท ื™ืง., ืกืฒึท ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’ื™ื˜ืขื’ืœืขื›ืขืจ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ-ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ 
ืื•ืŸ ืกืฒึท ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ึทื™ืŸ ืฉืึทืคืŸ, ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื•ื ืื•ื™ืกื“ืจื•ืง -- ื•ื™ ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื‘ืึทืฐื•ื™ื–ืŸ -- ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉืฒื™ื“ืขื ืข ืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉืึทืคื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ 
ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืชึผืงื•ืคื” ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจ. ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจืฉืฒื“ื ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืฒื˜ ืงืฐืึทืœื˜ ืึทืจืฑืก ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจืก 
ื‘ืึทื“ืขืจืคืขื ื™ืฉ ืฆื• ืจืขืึทื’ื™ืจืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ ืื™ืŸ ืกื™ื˜ื•ืึทืฆื™ืขืก ืฐืึธืก ื“ืขืจื•ื•ืขืงืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื“ืจืฒึท ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ืคื•ืŸ 
ื•ื•ื™ืกื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžืžืฉื•ืชื“ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื˜ ืคืึทืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ (ืื™ื ืึทืœื™ื™ืŸ ืึทืจืฒึทื ื’ืขืจืขื›ื ื˜), ืื™ืŸ ื”ืกื›ึผื ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืจืฒื™ 
ืคึผืึทืจืฉืฒื™ื“ืขื ืข ื™ื“ื™ืขื”-ืกื˜ืึทื“ื™ืขืก ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืืžืชืŸ ื‘ืึทื˜ืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ืžืงื•ื. ื ืึธืš ื“ืขืจ ืคืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืชึผืงื•ืคื” ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ืขืก 
ืงื•ืžื˜ ืคืึธืจ, ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœื’ืขืžืฒืŸ, ืึท ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืื™ืŸ ื›ึผืžื•ืช ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ืขื ืกื™ื•ื•ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื™-ืง'ืก ืฉืึทืคืŸ, ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืขื“ื•ืช -- ืื™ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ืคื™ื ืคื˜ืขืจ ืชึผืงื•ืคื” -- ื•ื™ ืขืก ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขืจื™ืกืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืึทืคืŸ ืคืจื™ืขืจื“ื™ืงืข ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจื™ืฉืข ืึธืคึผื ืจืขื ืขืฆื•ื ื’ืขืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ื’ืฒึทืกื˜ื™ืงืข ืึธืคึผื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ. ื“ืึทืŸ ื“ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื™.ืง. ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ืคืจื™ืขืจื“ื™ืงืข ื“ืขืจื’ืจื™ื™ื›ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฉืขืคึผื˜ 
ืึทืจืฑืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึฟืึทืจื‘ืึธืจื’ืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทึทืŸ ืื™ื ืขืจืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืืฒึทื ื“ืจื•ืงืกืคื•ืœืข ืคึผืึธืขื˜ื™ืฉืข ื•ื•ืขืจืง ื•ื•ืขืžืขื ืก ื˜ืขืžืขืก ืื•ืŸ 
ืคืึธืจืžื•ืœื™ืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืึทืจื‘ืึธืจื’ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืกื˜ืึทืจืขื˜ ื‘ืžืฉืš ืคื•ืŸ ืœืึทื ื’ืข ื™ืึธืจืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึทืจื•ื™ืกืฆื•ื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจ 
ื“ืขืจ ืขืคื ื˜ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืึทืคึผืŸ, ื•ื™ ืขืจ ืึทืœืฒืŸ ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืคื™ื ืฃ ื™ืึธืจ ืคืจื™ึดืขืจ: "ื•ืœ ืื™ื– ืืฒึทืš ืฐืึธืก ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื 
ืึทืœืฅ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืึธื˜ืจืึทื•ื•ืขืก ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขืžืึทื›ื˜" (ื–ืข ื“ืขื ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ื™ืฉืŸ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜, ืื™ืŸ: ื”ืงื“ืžืช ืชืจืฆ"ื–, ื–ื™ ื–ื–1ื6ืก. 

ืขืก ืฐืฒึทื–ื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ืึทื– ื‘ืžืฉืš ืœืึทื ื’ืข ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื™ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜-ืžืœื—ืžื”, ื”ืึธื˜ ื™.ืง. ืึทืœืฅ 
ืึธืคึผื’ืขืœืฒื’ื˜ ื“ืขื ืขื ื“ื’ื™ืœื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืึทืจืฑืกืขื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฐื•ืขืœื˜ื‘ืึทื ืขื, ืื™ืŸ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคื˜-ื‘ื™ืœื“ 
ืœื•ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื”ืึธืคื˜ ืฆื• ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ื™ืจืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืขื ืœืขื‘ืŸ, ื–ืฒึทืขื ื“ื™ืง ื“ื™ ืจืขืึทืœื™ื–ืึทืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื–ืึท ื—ืœื•ื 
ืคืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจืคื™ืจืŸ ืคื™ื–ื™ืฉ ื–ื™ืš ืึทืœืฒืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื ืึธืขื ื˜ืข ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ. ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืฒึทืกื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืฉื˜ืึทื ื“ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ 


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ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืงืึธื ืกืึธืœื™ื“ืึทืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืงื•ืง ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืขืงื–ื™ืกื˜ืขื ืฅ, ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืŸ 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจื‘ื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืœืึธื“ื–ืฉืขืจ ืกืึธืฆื™ืึทืœืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ-ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืื•ื™ืฃ ืงืึธืึธืคึผืขืจืึทื˜ื™ื•ื•ืข ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ. 
ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ื–ื™ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขืœืขื‘ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืœืึธื“ื–ืฉ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืžื™ืŸ ื’ืฒึทื™ืกื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื—ืœืœ: ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืจืงืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ 
ื’ืขืฉื˜ืจืขื‘ื˜ ื–ื™ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจืฐื•ืฒึทื˜ืขืจืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืžืขืจ -- ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ืกื–ื™ื›ื˜ืœืึธื–ืข ื•ื•ื™ืจืงืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผื•ืฑืœื™ืฉืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื ื˜ื•ื 
ืคืึทืจ ืึท ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืคื•ืœืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ืจืงืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜- ืฆื• ืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ- ืื™ื– ืขืจ 
ื‘ืคึผื•ืขืœ-ืžืžืฉ ื ืึธืš ืึทืœืฅ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ืขืจื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ. 

ื“ืึธืก ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืึทืœื™ื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจืŸ ืึธื ื‘ืœื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜, ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฆื•ื•ื•ึผื ื’ืขืŸ ื™.ืง. ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ืึทื ื˜ืฉืœื™ืกืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืžื›ืจื™ืข ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืึทืฆื™ึธื•ื ื’ ืฆื• (ืื•ืŸ ืคืึธืจืžื•ืœื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ) ืึทืœืข ื™ืขื ืข ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขืฆืฒึทื˜ื™ืงื˜ืข ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ื•ื•ืขืœื˜-ื‘ืึทื ืขื, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื’ืขืคืึธื“ืขืจื˜ ื‘ืึทืฉืฒื“; ืฆืฐื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื“ืึทืจืคื˜ ืคืึทืจืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื˜ ืฐื•ืขืจืŸ 
ืคืจืึทื’ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื–ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทื–ื™ื ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืคึผื ื™ื-ืืœ-ืคึผื ื™ื ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜, ื‘ืคืจื˜.??! ื“ืึทืŸ 
ื“ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืึทืคืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืฒึทื’ื˜ ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืึทืœืฒืŸ. ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืจืฒึทื™ื‘ืŸ ื”ืขืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืฆื• ื–ืฒึทื™ืŸ ืึท ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืŸ 
ืึทืœื’ืขืžืฒื ืขื ืึธื ืฉื˜ืจืขื ื’ ืคืึทืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื“ื•ื™ืขืจ, ื”ืึธืคื ื“ื™ืง ืืฑืฃ ืึทืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืขืจ ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคื˜, ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืึทืคืŸ 
ืคืึทืจืฐืึทื ื“ืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืฉื˜ืึธืœืฆืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืงืขืžืคืขืจื™ืฉืŸ ืึธืคึผืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ. 

ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื˜, ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉืึธืœื˜ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ ื™.ืง. ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืคืฒึทืขืจื“ื™ืงืŸ ื ื‘ื™ืื™ืฉืŸ ืฆืึธืจืŸ, ืฐืฒึทืœ ื–ื™ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืขืก ื“ื™ 
ืฆืขืฉื˜ืขืจืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื•ื ื“ ืฆืฐื™ืฉืŸ ื’ืึธื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืึทื ืฆืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉื”ื™ื™ื˜, ืฐืฒึทืœ ื–ื™ื™ ื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ ืึทืจืึธืคึผ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ 
ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ืงื™ืŸ- ืื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืจ-ื”ืžื‘ื•ืœ-ื•ื•ื™ืจืงืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ. ื“ืขืจ ืคืึทืจื’ืœืฒึทืš ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ืฒึทื™ื˜ืฉืŸ ืคืึธืœืง ืื•ืŸ ืงื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ 
ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื“ "ื•ื•ื™ื™ ื“ื™ืจ". ื“ืขืจ ืคืึทืจื’ืœืฒึทื™ืš ื•ืขืจื˜ ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื“ ืกื™ึทื™ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉืข ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื—ื‘ืจ ืื•ืŸ ืกืฒึท 
ืื•ื™ืฃ ื‘ืฉื•ืชืคื•ืชื“ื™ืงืข ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ืŸ ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ืงื™ืŸ-ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทืœื˜ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืฐืขืจืŸ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื’ื“ื”-ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ 
ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื“. ื™.ืง. ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืกื˜ืจืึธืคืข ื ื•ืž' 24 ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื“: "ืื™ืจ ืœื•ื™ืคื˜, ืึท ืžื—ื ื” ืงื™ื ืก, ืึท ื•ื•ื™ืœื“ืข ืจื•ืฆื—ื™ื- 
ื”ืึธืจื“ืข", ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ื™ ื“ื™ื™ื˜ืฉืข ื›ื™ื˜ืจืข ืคึผื—ื“ื ื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื˜ืจืึธืคืขืก ื ื•ืž' 25, 27. ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, 
ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืขื ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืจื™ื ืงืขืŸ ืื•ืžืฉื•ืœื“ื™ืง ื‘ืœื•ื˜ ืฐืึธืก ื–ื™ื™ ื˜ืจื™ื ืงืขืŸ (ื–ืข ืกื˜ืจืึธืคึผืขืก 28, 29), ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ 
ื›ืึทืจืึทืงื˜ืขืจ-ืฉื˜ืจื™ื›ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืคื™ืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืงืึธื ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืขื’ืขื ื“ืึทืจื™ืฉืข 
ืื’ื“ื”-ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ ืžื™ื˜ ืงื™ื ืขืŸ.*"' ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฆื•ืจื™ืงื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื™ืŸ-ื•ื•ื™ืจืงืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ 
ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ืฉื˜ืขืงื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ืึธืจ ืึทืŸ ืึทื˜ืขื ื˜ืึทื˜ ืงืขื’ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืื•ืžืฉื•ืœื“ื™ืง ืคืึธืœืง, ืึธืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ืกื™ื‘ื” ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืก ืึท ื“ืจืึทื ื’ ืฆื• 
ืคึผืจืึทืงื˜ื™ืฆื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื•ื ืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ืก ื˜ืึธืŸ ืึทืœื™ื™ืŸ, ื ืึธืจ ืคึผืึทืจืึทืŸ ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืื•ื™ืš ืึทืฉืขื ื“ืœืขื›ืขืจ ืึทื˜ืขื ื˜ืึทื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ 
ื“ืขืจ ื’ืึทื ืฆืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉื”ื™ื™ื˜. ืื™ืŸ ืชึผื "ืš ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืฆื™ึธื•ื ื’ ืฆื• ื’ืึธื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืึทื ืฆืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉื”ื™ื™ื˜ ื‘ืึทืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ 
ื•ื™ ืึท ื”ื™ื™ืœื™ืงืขืจ ื‘ื•ื ื“. ื’ืึธื˜ ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืฆื• ื ึนื—ืŸ ืžืงื™ื™ื ืฆื• ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ื•ื ื“ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื ื ืึธื›ืŸ ืžื‘ื•ืœ, ืฐืฒึทืœ ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืึท ืฆื“ื™ืง ืื™ืŸ 
ื–ืฒึทึทืŸ ื“ื•ืจ, ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜ ืคืึทืจืคืœื™ื›ื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ื™ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉื ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ, ื“ื™ ื‘ื ื™ ื ึนื—, ืึธืคึผืฆื•ื”ื™ื˜ืŸ ื’ืึธื˜ืก ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื 
ื“ื™ื ืขืŸ, ื–ืข ืื™ืŸ ืกืคืจ ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช, ืคืจืง ื•', 18 ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจื’ืœืฒึทืš, ื“ืึธืจื˜, ืคืจืง ื˜', 8 ืื•ืŸ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ. ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจ ืžื™ื™ื ื˜ ื“ืึธืก 
ืฆื•ืจื™ืงื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ ืงื™ื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉืŸ, ืึท ืฆืขืฉื˜ืขืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜-ืึธืจื“ืขื ื•ื ื’, ืฐืฒึทืœ ืœื•ื˜ ื•ื™ 
ืก'ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื‘ืึทืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืชึผื "ืš ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ื•ืจื-ืขื•ืœื ืืฒึทื™ื ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื ืึธื›ืŸ ืžื‘ื•ืœ ืึท ื‘ืึทืฆื™ื•ื ื’ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ, ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ื˜ 
ืื•ื™ืฃ ืงืขื’ื ื–ืฒึทื˜ื™ืงืฒื˜. ื–ืฒึทื™ื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื‘ืึทื“ืจืึธืขืŸ ืฆื• ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฆื• ืžืึทื›ืŸ ื“ืขื ื ืฒื™ืขื ืกื“ืจ-ื”ืขื•ืœื 
ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื•ื•ืขื›ืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ื•ื ื“. 

ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ืœื˜ ื™.ืง. ื“ื™ ืจื•ืฆื—ื™ื, ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ืึธืจ ืื™ืŸ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืึธื˜ ื ืึธืจ ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ, ืื•ืŸ 
ื”ืึธื‘ื ื“ื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ืึทื›ื˜, ืืคืฉืจ, ื“ื™ ืื’ื“ื” ืฐืึธืก ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ืึทื– "ืื•ื™ืš ืงื™ืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ 
ื‘ืขืชืŸ ืžื‘ื•ืœ",*?! ื‘ืึทืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื˜ ื™.ืง. ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืฐืขื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืฒึทื ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื ืึธื›ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื“ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืžืึธื“ืขืจื ืขื 
! ืงื™ืŸ (ื“ืึธืก ื“ืฒึทื™ื˜ืฉืข ืคืึธืœืง), ื•ื™ ื–ื™ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทื ืฒึทื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืขืจื“ืคืœืึทืš ื ืึธื›ืŸ ืžื‘ื•ืœ.""' ื“ื™ ืงืœืœื” ืื™ื– 
ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื ื“ืขื˜ ืฆื•ื ื’ืึทื ืฆืŸ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉืŸ ืคืึธืœืง ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืžืขืŸ ืขืจ ื–ืขื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ืึธืจ ืึท ืฆืขืฉื˜ืขืจืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื•ื ื“ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื‘ื•ืจื-ืขื•ืœื 


65 


ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉื”ื™ื™ื˜, ื ืึธืจ ืื•ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ืืคืฉืจ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ -- ืึท ื‘ืึทื“ืจืึธืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื•ื ื“ ืฐืึธืก ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื’ืึธื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืึธืœืง 
ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ. ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ืงื•ืง ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืžืขืจื“ืขืจ, ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทื™ืŸ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ ื“ืขื ื‘ืึทื“ืจืึธืขืจ, ืคืึธืจืžื•ืœื™ืจื˜ ื™.ืง. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืกื˜ืจืึธืคืข ื ื•ืž' 5 ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื“ "ื•ื•ื™ื™ ื“ื™ืจ", ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ: "ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก, ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก: ืขืก ืฉื˜ืึทืจื‘ืŸ ื™ื™ึทื“ืŸ ื ื™ื˜, ื“ืขืจื”ืจื’ืขื˜ืข 
ืื•ืžื–ื™ืกื˜/ ืื•ืŸ ืก'ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืึท ืคืึธืœืง ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืžื’ืขื‘ืจืึทื›ื˜ ืึธืŸ ืึท ืคืึทืจืฐืึธืก.../ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก, ืžืขืจื“ืขืจืคืึธืœืง. ืžืขืŸ ืงืขืŸ 
ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ืžืก ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจืฐื™ืกื˜ืŸ -- /ืฉื™ืก! ืฉื™ืก ืื™ืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฅ ืžื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืก... ืขืก ืื™ื– ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืœืขืฆื˜ืขืจ ืฉืึธืก!" 

ื’ืœืฒึทืš ื•ื™ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืึทืจืžืฉืคึผื˜ ื“ื™ ื‘ื ื™-ื“ื•ืจ-ื”ืžื‘ื•ืœ ืึทื ื˜ืจื•ื ืขืŸ ืฆื• ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืŸ ืขืจื“ืคืœืึทืš, ืึทื–ืฑ ืขื ืœืขืš 
ืขื ื“ื™ืงื˜ ื™.ืง. ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืงืœืœื”-ืœื™ื“ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืฐืขืจื˜ืขืจ: "ื”ืขืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ืึท ืฉื˜ื•ืจืขื ื•ื™ืœื“ ืืฒึทื™ืš ื‘ืึทืœื“ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืฉื˜ื•ื™ื‘ 
ืฆืขืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ/ ืคืึทืจื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื•ืช ืืฒึทื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ืฐืฒึทื‘ ืื•ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“-- / ืขืก ื–ืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื“ืขื›ืขื ื™ืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ืืฒึทืš 
ืคืึทืจื‘ืœืฒื™ื‘ืŸ!/ ืึธ ื—ืœื•ื ื‘ื™ื™ื–, ื•ื•ืขืจ ืึธืคึผื ืขืžืขืงื˜, ืคืึทืจื•ื•ื•ื™ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืฐื™ื ื˜!ืŸ". ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜, ื‘ืึทืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื˜ ื™.ืง. 
ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคื™ื ืคื˜ืขืจ ืชึผืงื•ืคื” ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืขืจ ืฉื™ื™ื“ื˜ ืึธืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ืฐื™ ื–ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ืึทื ืขืŸ ื‘ืฒึท 
ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข ืคืขืœืงืขืจ, ืœื•ื™ื‘ื ื“ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื‘ื ื“ื™ืง ืื™ืจ ื•ื™ ืึท ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฐืึธืก ื˜ื™ื™ืœื˜ ืื™ืจ ืึธืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ. 
ื“ืขืจ ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฐืึธืก ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื–ืฒึทื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจื“ ืฆื• ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื’ืขื”ืจื’ืขื˜. 

ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ ื“ืขื ืงื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฉืจืฒึทื™ื‘ื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ืื™ืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข ืงืึทื˜ืขื’ืึธืจื™ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžื™ื˜ 
ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืžื™ืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืขื•ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืึทืฆื™ื™ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื‘ืขืช ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืึทื ื•ืฆืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื“ืจื•ืงืŸ ื•ื™ "ื™ื•ื 
ื”ืฉื•ืื” ื•ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืจื”", ืฆื™ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข, ืฐืึธืก ื‘ืึทื˜ืึธื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืกืฉืœื™ืกืœืขืš ืึท ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื‘ืึทืฐืึธืคึผื ื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืฉื˜ืึทื ื“ 
ืงืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ืจื”. ืคึฟืึทืจ ื™.ืง. ื”ืึธื˜ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจืฉืฒื™ื“ืขื ืข ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช 
ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึทื’ื˜ืงืฒื˜ ื‘ืขืชืŸ ืงืึทืžืฃ, ื•ื™ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึธื ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื‘ืฒึท ื“ื™ ืื•ืžื•ืช-ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืคืึทืจ ืื™ื ืื™ื– ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ืึทืŸ 
ืึทื ื“ืขืจ ืžื”ื•ืช. ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืขื ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ ื‘ืึทื”ืึทื ื“ืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื™ื ืข ืœื™ื“ืขืจ "ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืฉืœืžื” ื–ืฉืขืœื™ื›ืึธื•ื•ืกืงื™" 
ืื•ืŸ "ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืจืึทื“ื–ื™ื ืขืจ". ื“ืึธ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืฉื•ืชืคื•ืชื“ื™ืงืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื’ ืฆืขืฉื™ื™ื“ื˜, ื‘ืขืช ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ "ื“ืจื•ืจ"- ืื•ืŸ 
"ื”ื—ืœื•ืฅ"-ื‘ืึทื•ื•ืขื’ื•ื ื’ ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืฐืึธืคึผื ื˜ืŸ ืฐื™ื“ืขืจืฉื˜ืึทื ื“, ืฉืจืฒึทื™ื‘ื˜ ื™.ืง. ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืฉืœืžื” 
ื–ืฉืขืœื™ื›ืึธื•ื•ืกืงื™ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื ื˜ืฑื˜ ื’ืขื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื’ื‘ื•ืจื”, ื–ื™ื ื’ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืึทื ืฆื ื“ื™ืง. 

ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคื™ื ืคื˜ืขืจ ืชึผืงื•ืคื” ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทื ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึทื ื˜ื™ืคืึทืฉื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ื‘ืœืึธืง, ืฆื• ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ 
ืก'ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ "ื“ืจื•ืจ" ืื•ืŸ "ื”ื—ืœื•ืฅ" (ื™ืฆื—ืง ืฆื•ืงืขืจืžืึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื˜ืขื ืขื ื‘ื•ื™ื). 
ื‘ืžืฉืš ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืคึผืจื™ืœ/ืžืึทื™ 1942 ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืขืจื“ื™ืฉืข ืคึผืึธืœื™ื˜ื™ืฉืข ืงืขืจืคึผืขืจืฉืึทืคื˜ ืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ, ืื•ืŸ 
ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืื™ื ื™ืฆื™ืึทื˜ืึธืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ืกื˜ืข ืžื™ื˜ื’ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืึธื ื”ืฒื‘ ืึธืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืจื•ืจ-ื”ื—ืœื•ืฅ- 
ื‘ืึทืฐืขื’ื•ื ื’.""! ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืฆืฒึทื˜ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื—ืœื•ืฆื™ืฉืขืจ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืจื•ื ื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ื˜ืจื™ื˜ ื›ึผื“ื™ 
ืฆื• ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ื™ืจืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืฐืึธืคื ื˜ืŸ ืืฑืคึผืฉื˜ืึทื ื“, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื“ืขืึทืœ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ 
ื‘ื›ึผื‘ื•ื“ื™ืง ืฉื˜ืึทืจื‘ืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื“ื™ึทื™ื˜ืฉืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื˜ืฒึทื™ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืฆืึธืœืŸ ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ืžืึทืกืŸ-ืคืึทืจื ื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ, 
ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืฆืฒึทื˜ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžืขืจ ื•ื™ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ืื™ื– ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืžื•ื˜ื™ืงื•ื ื’ืก-ืฐืึธืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืฒื™ืกื˜ื™ืงืข ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืข ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ื›ึผื“ื™ 
ื“ืขืจืžื•ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืคื•ื•ืขืงืŸ ื“ืขื ืžืœื—ืžื”-ื’ืฒื™ืกื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ืœื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืขืžืคืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื›ึผื•ื— ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ 
ื”ืขื›ืกื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฐืขืจื˜ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืึท ื˜ื•ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืึทื ื˜-- ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื“ืึทืŸ ืงื•ืžื˜ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฉืจืฒึทื™ื‘ื˜ 
ืึท ืœื•ื™ื‘ื’ืขื–ืึทื ื’ ืคืึทืจ ืฉืœืžื” ื–ืฉืขืœื™ื›ืึธื•ื•ืกืงื™ืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืงืขืžืคืขืจื™ืฉืขืจ ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื—ืœื•ืฆื™ืฉืŸ 
ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืจื•ื ื˜ ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื”ืึทื˜ ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ. ืขืก ืื™ื– ื“ืึธ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ื‘ื•ืœื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ืžื“ืขืจื•ื•ืึทืจื˜ืขืจ ืึธืคึผืฐืฒึทืš ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืึธืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืฒึทืกื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื“ "ื•ื•ื™ื™ ื“ื™ืจ" ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืงื•ืจืฆืขืจ ืฆืฒื™ื˜ ืคืจื™ึดืขืจ. 
ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขื ื“ืขืฅ ืคึฟืึทืจืฉื˜ืึทืจืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ืึธืš ืžืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืคึผืจืงื™ื ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืœื™ื“ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ืจืึทื“ื–ื™ืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ 
ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ. ื ืึธืš ื“ืขื ื•ื™ ื™.ืง. ืคึฟืึทืจืฉื™ืœื˜ ื“ืขื ื’ืึทื ืฆืŸ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉืŸ ืคึผืึธืœืง ื‘ื™ื–ืŸ ืกื•ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ื™ ื“ื•ืจื•ืช, ืจื•ืคึฟื˜ ืขืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจื“ื™ืงืข ืฐื•ืขืจืง ื–ื™ืš ืึทื ื˜ืงืขื’ื ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืฒื™ื˜ืฉืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึธื“ืขืจื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ 
ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื ืงืžื” ืคึผืึทืจืŸ ื˜ื•ื˜ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื‘ืจื™ื“ืขืจ, ืึทื ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื˜ ืขืจ ืึท ืœืฑื‘ื’ืขื–ืึทื ื’ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืฐืึธืก ื’ื™ื™ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื ื˜ืฑื˜ 


6 


ืคืจื™ื™ืœืขื›ืข ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืึทื ืฆื ื“ื™ืงืข, ื•ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื“ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืฉืœืžื” ื–ืฉืขืœื™ื›ืึธื•ื•ืกืงื™, ืฆื™ ืฆื• ื“ืขื ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืžืงื™ื™ื ื“ื™ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืคื•ืŸ 
ืคึผื“ื™ื•ืŸ-ืฉื‘ื•ื™ื™ื ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ืข ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืฆื• ืงื‘ืจ-ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ. 

ื‘ืึทืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื ื“ื™ืง ืฆื•ื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ื“ืขื ืคืึทืจืžืขืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ึทื™ื˜ืฉืข ื”ืขื ื˜, ื”ืึธื˜ ื™.ืง. 
ื‘ืึทื“ืึทืจืคื˜ ืื•ื™ืกืงืœื™ื™ื‘ืŸ-- ื“ื•ืจืš ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื”ืึทื ื“ืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื• ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื“ืขื ืžื”ื•ืช ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ 
ื’ื‘ื•ืจื”. ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืงืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืฉืจืฒึทื™ื‘ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ-ื”ืฉื, ื“ืขื ื˜ืจืึทื“ื™ืฆื™ืึธื ืขืœืŸ ืืฒึทื ืฉื˜ืขืœ. 
ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื”ืฉืขืจื” ืื™ื–, ืึทื– ื™.ืง. ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืึทืฐื•ึผืกื˜ื–ื™ื ื™ืง ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืงืœื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืขื’ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืจื™ืฉืŸ ืฉืึทืคืŸ. 
ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉ ื‘ืึทื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื“ืึธืš ื’ืขื”ืึทื˜ ืึทืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจ ืžืขื’ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ ื•ื™ ืึทื–ืฑ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืฆื• ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืŸ, ืขืจ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืงืขื ื˜ ืจื•ืคืŸ ืฆื•ื ื‘ืึทืฐืึธืคึผื ื˜ืŸ ืฐื™ื“ืขืจืฉื˜ืึทื ื“ ื•ื™ ื. ืกื•ืฆืงืขื•ื•ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืก ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ, ืœืžืฉืœ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืœื™ื“ "ืึท 
ื ืขื ื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืืฒึทื–ืŸ". ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืœืขื‘ื˜ ื˜ืึธื’ื™ื˜ืขื’ืœืขืš ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื• ืึท ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคื˜ื™ืงืŸ 
ื‘ืึทืฐืึธืคึผื ื˜ืŸ ืงืึทืžืฃ, ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ืึธืขื ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคื™ืจืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืจื•ื ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื“ื™ 
ื’ืจื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืงืึทืžืคืก-ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ืึทืฆื™ืข, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืš ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืคืึธืจื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื“ืจื•ืง ืื™ืŸ 
ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืึทืคืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคื™ื ืคื˜ืขืจ ืชึผืงื•ืคื”, ืคืึทืจ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื ืฒื™ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ืจืงืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜. ื ืึธืš ืžืขืจ-- ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ื ื™ืฉื˜ 
ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืึทืคื™ืœื• ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืงืกื˜ืขืจ ืฆื™ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ื™ื‘ืขื˜ืขืจ. ืขืก ื–ืขื˜ ืื•ื™ืก, ืึทื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืžืึทื ื’ืœ ืื™ืŸ 
ืื™ื ืคืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืก ืื•ืžื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืึทื–ืฑ ื’ืขื”ืึทื ื“ืœื˜, ื ืึธืจ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ ืึทืŸ ืึทืœื’ืขืžืฒื ืขื ืงื•ืง ืื•ืŸ 
ืงืœืึธืจืขืจ ื˜ืขื ื“ืขื ืฅ ืึทืจืฑืกืฆื•ื”ืฒื‘ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืฐืึธืก ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉื˜ืึทื ื“ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ืื™ื– ืืฒื™ื’ื ืึทืจื˜ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ื“ืฑืขืจื”ืึทืคื˜ ืื™ืŸ 
ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ื’ื‘ื•ืจื”: ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ื ื“ื™ืง ืคืึทืจืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ืจืึทื“ื–ื™ืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ื™.ืง. ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ ื“ืขื ืจื‘ื™ืก 
ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืŸ ืจื•ืฃ ืึทืจืฑืกืฆื•ื’ืฒืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืœื“ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึทื ื˜ืงืขื’ื ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืจ. ืคืึธืจื–ืขืฆื ื“ื™ืง ื“ืึธืก ืฉืจืฒื™ื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืขืžืข, ื ืึธื›ืŸ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ, ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ ืขืจ ืขืก ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืจืžื–: "ืขืจ ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ื“ืึธืš ื’ืขืฆื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืึท ืฉื•ื•ืขืจื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ 
ืฉื™ื™ื“,/ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทื”ืขืœื˜ืขื ื™ืฉ ื“ืึธ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืฐืึทืจื˜ ื–ื™ ืขืจ ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜/ ื‘ืึทืฆืึธืœื˜ ื“ื™ ืจืฉืขื™ื, ื“ื™ ื“ื™ึทื™ื˜ืฉืŸ ื‘ืึทืฆืึธืœื˜"ืืกื• 
(ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขืฉื˜ืจืึธื›ืŸ-- ื™"ืฉ). 

ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืงืขืžืคืขืจื™ืฉืขืจ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืจื•ื ื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ื“ืขืจืคื™ืœื˜ ืึทื– ื™.ืง. ืจื™ื›ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืึทืคืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท 
ื•ื•ืขื’ ืฐืึธืก ื“ืจื™ืงื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ืึท ื•ื•ื™ืจืงืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืื™ื–, ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜, ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜ืขืจ 
ืกืชึผื™ืจื” ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ื’ืจื•ื ื˜-ืึทืกืคึผื™ืจืึทืฆื™ืขืก. ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงืŸ ืขืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืจื•ืจ-ื”ื—ืœื•ืฅ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜, 
ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืขื ืข ื ืึธืš ื“ืขืจ ืžืœื—ืžื”: "ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื™ื“ ืฉืœืžื” ื–ืฉืขืœื™ื›ืึธื•ื•ืกืงื™... ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื’ืจื•ื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ 
ืึธื ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืึทืœืึทื“ืข. ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื ื“ื™ืกืงื•ื˜ื™ืจื˜. ืื•ื ื“ื– ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื“ืึทื›ื˜ ืึทื– ืขืจ ืคึผืจืฒื™ื“ื™ืงื˜ ืžืขืจ ืคืึทืจ 
ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ-ื”ืฉื ื•ื™ ืคืึทืจ ืึทืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืฉื˜ืึทื ื“".?? ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ "ืžื—ืœืงื•ืช" ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžืŸื—ืกืชึผื ืžืขืจ ืึท ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืฆืฒึทื˜-ืื•ืžืฉื˜ืึทื ื“ืŸ, ื•ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืงื˜ื™ืฉืข ื—ื™ืœื•ืงื™-ื“ืขื•ืช ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืฆื“ื“ื™ื; ืื•ื™ืš ื“ื™ "ื”ื—ืœื•ืฅ"-ืžื™ื˜ื’ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ 
ืงืœืึธืจ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ืึทื– ื“ืขืจ ื˜ื•ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืึทื ื˜ ืื™ื– ืึท ืžืขื’ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืฐืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืคึผืจื™ื•ื•ืœืขื’ื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืฐื™ื™ื ื™ืงืข. 

ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ื›ึผืžื•-ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื“ืึทืจืฃ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฉืึทืฆื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืงืึธื ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืึธืจ ื ืึธืขื ื˜ืข ื‘ืึทืฆื™ึธื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื™.ืง. 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืจื•ื ื˜-ื‘ืึทื•ื•ืขื’ื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื“ืจื•ืจ-ื”ื—ืœื•ืฅ-ืึธืคึผืฆืฐืฒึทื’. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืจื•ืจ-ื”ื—ืœื•ืฅ ืื™ื– ื™.ืง. ื‘ืึทื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ 
ื•ื™ ืึท ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ ืฐืึธืก ื“ืจื™ืงื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ื“ืขืจื”ืฑื™ื’ื ืกื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืงืจืขืคื˜ื™ืงืกื˜ืŸ ืื•ืคืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขื 
ืื•ื™ืกื“ื•ื™ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฆืŸ ืคึผืึธืœืง ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ื ืึทืฆื™ื™ื”ืขืจืฉืึทืคึผื˜. ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืฐืขื’ื•ื ื’ 
ื ืึทื˜ื™ืจืœืขืš ื’ืขืฉื˜ืจืขื‘ื˜ ืฆื• ื–ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืขื ืฉืจืฒื™ื‘ืขืจ ืฐืึธืก ืฐืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืึทืคืŸ ื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื ืื•ื™ืกื“ืจื•ืง 
ืื™ืจ ืฉื˜ืจืขื‘ื•ื ื’ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืฆื•ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืึทืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ื ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืื•ื™ืคื˜ื•, ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืงื•ืžืขื ื“ื™ืงืข ื“ื•ืจื•ืช, ืœื•ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ 
ืึธื ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขื ืข ืงืจื™ื˜ืขืจื™ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ืจื— ื‘ืฒึท ื“ื™ ืคืขืœืงืขืจ ืฐืึธืก ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืึทืจืื™ื™ื’ื ื˜-- ื•ื™ ืึท ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื 
ืกืขืงื•ืœืึทืจื™ื–ื™ืจื˜ืŸ ืฐืขืœื˜ื‘ืึทื ืขื ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจืข ืžื™ื˜ื’ืœื™ื“ืขืจ-- ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืœืฑื˜ ื˜ืจืึทื“ื™ืฆื™ืึธื ืขืœืข ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข 
ืงืจื™ื˜ืขืจื™ืขืก. ื“ืึธ, ืื™ืŸ ืขืฆื ืคืึทืงื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึธืจื’ืขืงื•ืžืขื ืขืจ ื“ื™ืกืงื•ืกื™ืข, ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืื™ืจ ื’ืขื ื•ื™ืขืจ 


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ืื™ื ื”ืึทืœื˜, ืื™ื– ื‘ื•ืœื˜ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื•ื ืื•ื™ืกื“ืจื•ืง ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืฉื™ื™ื“ ืฆืฐื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืฒึทืกื˜ื™ืงืข ืื•ืŸ ืกืขืงื•ืœืึทืจืข- 
ืจืขืฐืึธืœื•ืฆื™ืึธื ืขืจืข ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืื™ื“ืขืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืข ืฐืึธืก ืึทื ื˜ื”ืึทืœื˜ ืคึผืึทืจืฉื˜ืขื ื“ืœืขืš ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ืŸ 
ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืคืจืขืžื“ ื“ืขื ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ื˜ืจืึทื“ื™ืฆื™ืึธื ืขืœืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ื‘ืึทื ืขื, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื”ืœื›ื”-ื™ื™ึดื“ื ื˜ื•ื ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข 
ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทืœื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืœืขื‘ืŸ (ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืฑื™ื˜) ืื™ืŸ ืกืคื™ืจื•ืช ืคื•ืŸ ืงื“ื•ืฉื”, 

ืึท ืงื•ืจืฆืข ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ื’ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืคึฟื•ืŸ "ื“ืจื•ืจ" ืื•ืŸ "ื”ื—ืœื•ืฅ" ื’ืขื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื•ื ื“ืจื•ืงืŸ ืึทืŸ 
ืืฑืกื’ืึทื‘ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก "ืฆืึธืจืŸ ืœื™ื“ืขืจ", ื•ื™ ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืืฑืกื’ืึทื‘ืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ 
ื‘ืึทื“ืึทืจืคื˜ ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข, ืฐื™ ืขืก ื–ืขื˜ ืื•ื™ืก, ืื•ื™ืš ื“ื™ ืœื™ื“ืขืจ "ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ื“ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืœืึทื›ื˜", "ื•ื•ื™ื™ ื“ื™ืจ", 
"ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืฉืœืžื” ื–ืฉืขืœื™ื›ืึธื•ื•ืกืงื™". ื“ื™ ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื ืึธืš ื“ืขืจ ืžืœื—ืžื” 
ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืึธืงื•ืžืขื ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืจื•ืจ-ื”ื—ืœื•ืฅ-ืึทืจื›ื™ื•ื• ืฐืึธืก ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื˜ืขื ืขื ื‘ื•ื™ื ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืึทื’ืจืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ืขื 20ื˜ืŸ ื™ื•ืœื™ 1942, 
ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ืž. ื˜ืขื ืขื ื‘ื•ื™ื: "ืก'ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคืึทืจืขื ื“ื™ืงื˜ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืึทืจืฑืกืฆื•ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข 'ืฆืึธืจืŸ 
ืœื™ื“ืขืจ'-- ืึทืœืฅ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ, ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื˜ืขืžืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืฐืึทืงื•ืึทืฆื™ืข -- 'ืขื™ืจ ื”ื”ืจื™ื’ื”' ืื™ื– ืึทืŸ ืื™ื“ื™ืœื™ืข 
ืึทื ื˜ืงืขื’ืŸ 'ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืœืึทื›ื˜', ื™ื“ื™ ืงืœืœื”', 'ืฉืœืžื” ื–ืฉืขืœื™ื›ืึธื•ื•ืกืงืฒื™ -- ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืื•ืกืคึผื™ึดืขื˜" ืคื•ื– 
ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขื ืขื ื‘ื•ื™ืžืก ืึท ื‘ืจื™ื•ื• ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืคึผืจื™ืœ 1943 ืฆื•ื ื•ืขื“ ื”ืคื•ืขืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื”ืกืชื“ืจื•ืช ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืกืขืงืจืขื˜ืึทืจื™ืึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“. ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ื‘ื•ืš, ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืจืฉื™ืžื” ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ืขื 16ื˜ืŸ 
ืคืขื‘ืจื•ืึทืจ 1943, ืฉืจืฒึทื™ื‘ื˜ ืž. ื˜ืขื ืขื ื‘ื•ื™ื ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืขื ืœืขื›ืŸ ื˜ืึธืŸ: "ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืžื™ื˜ 
ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืขืŸ? ืฆื™ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื“ืขืจื’ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื‘ืขืช ื“ืขืจ ืžืœื—ืžื” - ืฆืขืจ- ืื•ืŸ 
ืฆืึธืจื ืœื™ื“ืขืจ -- ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืžืึธืจื’ื ื“ื™ืงืข ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ? ื‘ื™ืึทืœื™ืงืก 'ืขื™ืจ ื”ื”ืจื’ื”' ืื™ื– ื•ื™ ืึทืŸ ืื™ื“ื™ืœื™ืข ืึทื ื˜ืงืขื’ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 'ืงืœืœื”ื™, ื™ื“ืขืจ 
ื™ื™ึดื“ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืœืึทื›ื˜', 'ืฉืœืžื” ื–ืฉืขืœื™ื›ืึธื•ื•ืกืงื™ื™. ื‘ืฒึทื ืื•ื™ืกื“ืจื™ืงืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ื’ืขืคื™ืœืŸ.- ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืึทืœืขืžืขืŸ 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืฉื˜ื™ื’ืŸ, ืึทืœืขืžืขืŸ. ืึท ื ืฒึทืขืจ ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ -- ืึท ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ, ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ-- ืื™ื– ืื•ื ื“ื– ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ืจืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ื’ืขื˜ืึธ-ื™ืึธืจืŸ. ืฆื™ ืฐืขืœืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ื“ืขืจื’ื™ื™ืŸ, ืฆื™ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืœืขืฆื˜ืขืจ ื–ื™ืคืฅ?"!!! ืึท ื“ืจื™ื˜ืŸ ืžืึธืœ 
ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื˜ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื˜ืขื ืขื ื‘ื•ื™ื ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ืึทื’ืฒึทื™ืกื˜ืขืจื˜ืข ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืขืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืจื™ื•ื• ืฆื• ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ืฉื•ื•ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืคืขื‘ืจื•ืึทืจ 1:21943: "ื ืึธืš ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื ืกืชึผืœืง ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ. ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืขืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืœืขื‘ืขื“ื™ืง 
ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ! ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ. ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืื™ื. ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ 
ืื™ื– ืคึผืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ืžืœื—ืžื” ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื™ ืึทื–ืฑ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึทืŸ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื ื ื™ืฉื˜ 
ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืกื™ืจื˜. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–, ืื™ืŸ 
ืฉื•ืชึผืคื•ืช ื’ืขืฉืึทืคืŸ, ื’ืขืฉืึธืœื˜ืŸ, ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ืฆื• ื ืงืžื” -- ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื‘ืจื•ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืขืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื ืึธืจ 
ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ. ืึทืœืฅ ืฐืึธืก ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜, ื’ืขืคื™ืœื˜, ื’ืขื—ืœื•ืžื˜. ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืืฑืกื’ืขืฐืึทืงืกืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื‘ื™ื– ื“ื™ 
ื”ื™ืžืœ-ื”ื™ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ -- ื”ืขื›ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืึทืœื™ืงืŸ. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื™ื ื’ืขืฉืึธืœื˜ืŸ, ื ื‘ื™ืื•ืช ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืฉืœื™ืžื•ืชื“ื™ืงืขืจ, 
ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื’ืขื”ืึทืกื˜. ืžื™ืจ ืคืœืขื’ืŸ ืื™ื ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื‘ืจืขืงืœืขืš ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื‘ืจืึธืš, ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื“ืขืจื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื‘ื™ื–ืŸ 
ื”ื™ืžืœ, ืื™ื ืคึฟืึทืจืืฒื‘ื™ืงื˜. ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขืฉืึทืคึฟืŸ. ืžื™ื˜ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ื’ืจืึทื ื–ืฒึทื ืขื ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื–ื™ืš 
ื’ืขืคืจื™ื™ื˜-- ืึท ื‘ืฉื•ืชืคื•ืชื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืื•ื™ืคื˜ื• ืื™ื– ืขืก ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ. ืื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ื– ืขืจ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ืึธ ืžืขืจ. ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืžืฉืคึผื—ื” ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš 
ืคึฟืจื™ึดืขืจ ืฆื•ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ. ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื‘ืึทื’ืจืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข -- ื•ื•ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก, ืฆื™ ื“ื• ื•ื•ืขืกื˜ ืึท ืžืึธืœ ื–ื™ 
ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืš" 3 | 

ื“ืจืฒึท ืขื™ืงืจ-ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ืŸ ืงืขืŸ ืžืขืŸ ื‘ืึทืฆืฒื™ื›ืขื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื˜ืขื ืขื ื‘ื•ื™ืžืก ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืขืŸ. ืึธื˜ 
ื“ื™ ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืžื™ืจ ืฐืขืœืŸ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืกืจืขื›ืขื ืขืŸ, ื“ืขืจืฐื•ืฒึทื–ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึทื ื“ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื™.ืง'ืก ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ 
ืฆื•ื”ืขืจืขืจ ื“ืขื ืึทืจื’ื•ืžืขื ื˜, ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขื ื“ื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ืฉืึทืคืŸ ืื™ื– ืคืึธืจื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ 
ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืึทืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข, ื ืึธืจ ื‘ืžืฉืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคื™ื ืคื˜ืขืจ ืชึผืงื•ืคื”: (ื) ื“ืขืจ 
ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืž. ื˜ืขื ืขื ื‘ื•ื™ืžืก ืึธืคึผืฉืึทืฆื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืึทื ืขืจืงืขื ื•ื ื’ ืึทื– ื™.ืง. ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื˜ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ ื•ื™ ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ 


8 


ืžืœื—ืžื” ืื•ืŸ ืึทื– ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื’ืขื˜ืึธ-ืฉืจื™ืคื˜ืŸ ืจื•ืคืŸ ื‘ื™ ื˜ืขื ืขื ื‘ื•ื™ืžืขืŸ ืึทืจืฑืก ืึท ืฉื˜ืึทืจืงืŸ ืึธืคึผืงืœืึทื ื’, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ื•ื•ืขืŸ 
ืขืจ ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ื˜ ื’ืœืฒึทื›ื’ื™ืœื˜ื™ืง ืฆื• ื™ืง'ืก ืฉืึทืคืŸ ื‘ื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืžืœื—ืžื”."! (ื‘) ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜, ื“ืขืจ 
ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืกืึทื ื˜ืกื˜ืขืจ -- ืื™ื– ืž. ื˜ืขื ืขื ื‘ื•ื™ืžืก ืคึผืจืขืคืขืจืขื ืฅ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทืฆื™ื•ื ื’ ืฆื• ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืข ืคื•ืŸ ื™.ืง'ืก ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ 
ื’ืขื˜ืึธื“ืฉืจื™ืคื˜ืŸ: ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืึทืœืข ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื•ื•ืขืจืง ื’ืขืฉืึทืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข ืคื•ืŸ 1940 ืึธืŸ ืœื•ื™ื‘ื˜ ืž. ื˜ืขื ืขื ื‘ื•ื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืžืœ 
ืึทืจืฒึทึทืŸ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื™.ืง'ืก ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคื™ื ืคื˜ืขืจ ืชึผืงื•ืคื”. ืคืึทืจ ืž. ื˜ืขื ืขื ื‘ื•ื™ืžืขืŸ- ื“ืขืจ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืขืจ, ื“ืขืจ 
ื’ืขืขื ื“ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ, ืื™ื– ื™.ืง. ื“ืขืจ ืžื—ื‘ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื ืึธืš ืคึผืกื— 
2, ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ,*'! (ื’) ื“ืขืจ ื“ืจื™ื˜ืขืจ ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืึท ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจืข ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืข ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจ ื™.ืง'ืก 
ืฉืึทืคืŸ, ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ืฒื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืž. ื˜ืขื ืขื ื‘ื•ื™ืžืก ืึทื ืขืจืงืขื ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื™.ืง. ืฐื™ ื“ืขืจ ืฐืึธืจื˜ื–ืึธื’ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื›ึผืœืœ, ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ืึธืคึผืฉืึทืฆื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื™-ืง'ืก ื ืฒึทืข ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ื•ื•ืขืจืง ื•ื™ ืึท ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ืฒื˜ืฒืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงืฒื™ื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืขืจื’ืจื™ื™ื›ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื—ืœื•ืฆื™ืฉืขืจ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืจื•ื ื˜-ื‘ืึทื•ื•ืขื’ื•ื ื’. 

ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืœืขืžืขืŸ, ืื™ื– ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ื•ื•ืขื’ ื‘ืขืช ื“ืขืจ ืคื™ื ืคื˜ืขืจ ืชืงื•ืคื” ื‘ืฒึทื ื‘ืึทืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทืœื˜ื™ืงืŸ 
ื•ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” -- ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึทืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื’: ืžืขืจ ื•ื™ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื“ืจื™ืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืชึผืงื•ืคื” ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ืžื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขื ื’ืฒึทืกื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืฐืขืœื˜ื‘ืึทื ืขื ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื ืข ืงืจืฒื™ื–ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ืข ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืงืึทืžืคืก-ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ืึทืฆื™ืข ืฆืฐื™ืฉืŸ ื•ื•ืขืžืขื ืก ื˜ืจืฒื™ืข ืึธื ื”ืขื ื’ืขืจ ื™.ืง. ืึทืœื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ 
ื’ืขืฉืึทืคืŸ ืฐืขืจืง ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื›ึผืœืœ-ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ื›ืึทืจืึทืงื˜ืขืจ. ืื™ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืคื™ื ืคื˜ืขืจ ืžืงื•ืคื” ืžืขืจ ืฐื™ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ 
ื‘ืขืช ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืจื™ืขืจื“ื™ืงืŸ ืฉืึทืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข, ื”ืึธื˜ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ืฆื• ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืึท ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ 
ื’ืขื˜ืึธื“ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจืฐืึทื ื“ืœื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื™ื ืขื ื“ื™ื›ื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืึธืœืง. ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฉืœืžื” ื–ืฉืขืœื™ื›ืึธื•ื•ืกืงื™ 
ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืจื‘ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ืจืึทื“ื–ื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื‘ืขืช ื“ืขืจ ืžืœื—ืžื”-ืฆืฒึทื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืืฒึทื ืฐืฑื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื“ื™ืขื” 
ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื˜ืจืึทื’ื™ืฉืŸ ื˜ื•ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึธืœืฆืขืจ ื”ืึทืœื˜ื•ื ื’ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื“ื™ื ื˜ ื ืึธืจ ืคืึทืจืŸ ืคืึธืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ื™.ืง. ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทืœื˜ื™ืงื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื›ึผื•ืœืœื“ื™ืงืŸ ืคึผืึธืขื˜ื™ืฉืŸ ืฉืึทืคืŸ. 

ื“ื™ ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืข ื›ึผืœืœ-ื˜ื•ืขืจื™ืฉืข ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืกืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ื ื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™.ืง. ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข, ืžื—ื•ืฅ ื“ื™ ืจืึทืžืขืŸ ืคึฟื•ืŸ "ื“ืจื•ืจ" 
ืื•ืŸ "ื”ื—ืœื•ืฅ", ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื™-ืงื™ืก ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฉืึทืคืŸ ืึทื•ื•ืขืงื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคึผื˜ืœืขื›ืขืจ ื‘ืึทื–ืข 
ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื”ืึทื˜ ืึท ืคื™ืœืคืึทื›ื™ืงืข ื•ื•ื™ืจืงื•ื ื’ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื•ื•ืขืจืง ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงืฒึทื˜ืŸ. ืžื™ืจ ืฐืขืœืŸ ื“ืึธ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ืจืขื–ื•ืžื™ืจืŸ 
ื“ืึธืก ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืื™ื ืคืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ืฐืึธืก ืžื™ืจ ืคึฟืึทืจืžืึธื’ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื™ืง. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืึธื ื˜ืขืงืกื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืคึผืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ 
ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืึทืกืคึผืขืงื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืจื™ืฉืŸ ืฉืึทืคึผืŸ ื‘ื™ื–ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ, ืื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืœื™ื™ืกืขืคึผื˜ืขืžื‘ืขืจ 
2. 


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ื“ื™ ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืึทืกืคึผืขืงื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืจื™ืฉืขืจ ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ 


ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคืึทืจืขื ื“ื™ืงื˜ ืึท ืจืขืœืึทื˜ื™ื•ื• ืœืึทื ื’ืข ืชึผืงื•ืคื” ืคื•ืŸ 
ื˜ืึธื’-ื˜ืขื’ืœืขื›ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ. ืขืจืฉื˜ ื“ืึทืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ืฑื™ื‘ืŸ ืคื™ืœืŸ ืึทื– ืขืจ 
ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ ื‘ืึทื“ืจืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจืžืึธืจื“ืขื˜ ืฆื• ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืึทืฐืขืงื’ืขืฉื™ืงื˜ ืฆื• ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืื•ืžื‘ืึทืงืึทื ื˜ืขืจ ืจื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’. 
ืึทื– ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ ืžื™ื™ื ื˜ ืคืึทืจื ื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’, ืื™ื– ืขืจืฉื˜ ื“ืึทืŸ ื‘ื™ืกืœืขื›ืฐืฒึทื– ืงืœืึธืจ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ื™-ืงื™ืก ืฉืึทืคืŸ ื‘ืขืชืŸ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ ืื™ื– 
ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ืึท ืฉื˜ื™ืœืฉื˜ืึทื ื“. ืื•ื™ืฃ ื•ื•ื™ืคืœ ืก'ืื™ื– ื‘ืึทืฐื•ึผืกื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื ืข ื–ื™ื‘ืŸ ืฐืึธื›ืŸ. ื“ื™ 
ืžืึทืกืŸ-ืึทืจื•ืกืฉื™ืงื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืจืึทื›ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคืึทืจื˜ืึทืžืœืขื ื™ืฉ, 
ืคึผืึทืจืึทืœื™ื–ื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืจื•ื˜ืึทืœืŸ ื‘ืึทืฐืฒึทื– ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื ื˜ื•ื™ึทื˜ื™ื•ื•ืขืจ ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ืฐืึธืก ืงื•ืžื˜ ืฆื•ื ืื•ื™ืกื“ืจื•ืง ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ืฉืึทืคืŸ, ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืกื— ืชืฉ"ื‘ ืึธืŸ. 

ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืงืึทืจื’ืขืจ ืื™ื ืคืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ืฐืึธืก ืžื™ืจ ืคืึทืจืžืึธื’ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื™.ืง'ืก ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฉืึทืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ 
ืฐืึทืจืฉืข, ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื ืึธืš ืงืึทืจื’ืขืจืขืจ ืื™ื ืคืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจืึทืŸ ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคื˜ืœืขื›ืขืจ ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ, ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื“ืึธ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ืคึผืจื•ึผืฐื•ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื‘ืœื™ืง ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฐืึธืก 
ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข ืžืงื•ืจื™ื, ื“ืขืจ ืขื™ืงืจ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืื•ืคืŸ ืฐื™ ื™-ืงื™ืก ื•ื•ืขืจืง ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืขืงื–ื™ืกื˜ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ 
ื’ืขืฐื™ืจืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ. 

ื›ึผืœ-ื–ืžืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึธืžื•ื ืข ืคื•ืŸ "ื“ืจื•ืจ", ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื–ื™ืขืœื ืึท 34, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืงื–ื™ืกื˜ื™ืจื˜ -- ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ื™.ืง. ืคืึธืจืœืฒืขื ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืคืึทืจ 
ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืคืจืฒึทื ื“ ื™ืขื“ืข ืฉืึทืคื•ื ื’ ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึทืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ. *'! ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ืึธืจ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื™.ืง. ืคืึธืจื’ืขืœื™ื™ืขื ื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืข 
ืฐืขืจืง, ืึท ืกืš ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข ืงืจืฒึทื–ืŸ ืคึผืึธืจื’ืขืœื™ื™ืขื ื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ืคืึทืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืื•ืŸ 
ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉืข ืœืขืจืขืจ,?!! ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืขืžืข "ื™ื–ื›ึผื•ืจ" ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจืœืึธืจืŸ ื’ืขื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึทืจืงืŸ ืจื•ืฉื 
ืฐืึธืก ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืžืึทื›ื˜, ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืขื“ื•ืช ืขืžื ื•ืืœ ืจื™ื ื’ืขืœื‘ืœื•ืžืก ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ื‘ื•ืš, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึทืงื˜ ืฐืึธืก ื“ื™ 
ืคึผืึธืขืžืข ืฐื•ืขืจื˜ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืจืฒึท ืคึผืึทืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข ืขืจื˜ืขืจ.*1! ืœืฑื˜ืŸ ื‘ืึทื ื•ืฆื˜ืŸ ืกื˜ื™ืœ ืื™ืŸ ื™.ืง'ืก 
ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื—.ื . ื‘ื™ืึทืœื™ืงืŸ ื“ืึทืจืฃ ืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืžืฉืขืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืึทื– ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ "ื“ืจื•ืจ" ืื™ื– 
ืขืจ ืžืŸ"ื”ืกืžึผื ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ืจืขื“ืข, ื’ืขื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ืคืึทืจ ืึท ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ืคึผื•ื‘ืœื™ืงื•ื. ื•ื™ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜, ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ื–ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื‘ื™ื” ืœื•ื‘ืขื˜ืงื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืฆื•ืงืขืจืžืึทืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืึท ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ืคึผื•ื‘ืœื™ืงื•ื ืฐืึธืก ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื™.ืง'ืก 
ืชึผื "ืš-ืึธืฐื•ื ื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคึฟืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ. ืื•ื™ืš ืœื•ื™ื˜ืŸ ืกื˜ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืคืขื ื•ื ื’ ืฆื•ื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืชึผื "ืš-ืึธืฐื•ื ื˜, ืื™ื– ืงืœืึธืจ ืึทื– 
ื™ื™ืง. ื•ื•ืขื ื“ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ ืฆื•ื ืงืึธืœืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ-ืืฒึทื ืฐืฑื ืขืจ, ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืึธื ืฐืขื–ื ื”ื™ื™ื˜.?'' ื“ื™ ื“ืจืึทืžืข "ืขืœ 
ื ื”ืจื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืœ" ื”ืึธื˜ ื™.ืง. ืคึฟืึธืจื’ืขืœืฒื™ืขื ื˜ "ืคืึทืจ ืึท ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ืœื˜ืŸ ืคึผื•ื‘ืœื™ืงื•ื" ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื•ื’ื ื˜-ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ืึทืฆื™ืข 
"ื’ื•ืจื“ื•ื ื™ื”", ืื•ื™ืฃ ื ืึทืœืขืฐืงืขืก 17:.23 ื“ื™ ื“ืจืึทืžืข "ืื™ื•ื‘" ืื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื™.ืง. ืคืึธืจื’ืขืœื™ื™ืขื ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข 
ื’ืขื˜ืึธื“ืงืจืฒึทื–ืŸ: ืคึฟืึทืจ ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคึผื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื˜ื•ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ, ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื–ื™ืขืœื ืึท 34, ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ 
"ืขืœ ื ื”ืจื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืœ" -- ืคึฟืึทืจ ืืฒึทื ืฐืฑื ืขืจ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจืึทื ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ื–-ืงืึธืžื™ื˜ืขื˜ืŸ, ื•ื™ ืื•ื™ืš ืคืึทืจ ืึท ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ 
ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืขืœ ืืฒึทื ื’ืขืœืึทื“ืขื ืขื ืขื•ืœื, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงื™ืš ืื•ื™ืฃ ืœืขืฉื ืึธ 29-- ื“ืขืจ ืขื•ืœื ืื™ื– ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ืึทื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืจืฒึทื™ื‘ืขืจ, 
ื–ืฉื•ืจื ืึทืœื™ืกื˜ืŸ, ื›ึผืœืœ-ื˜ื•ืขืจ. ื“ื™ ืงื™ืš ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืœื™ื ืงืข ืคึผื•ืขืœื™-ืฆื™ื•ืŸ.!?' ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืึธืฐื ื˜ ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ื™ืฆื—ืง 
ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ ืคึผืึธืจืœืฒื™ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืจืึทืžืข "ืื™ื•ื‘" ืคืึทืจ ืึทืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจ ืงืจืฒึทื– ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ. 

ืึท ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื™.ืง'ืก ื•ื•ืขืจืง ืื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจื’ืขืœืฒื™ืขื ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ, ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ 
ืึทืœื’ืขืžืฒื™ื ืข ืขื“ื•ืชืฉืึทืคื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื‘ืึทื˜ืึธื ืขืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื“ืขื ืฉื˜ืึทืจืงืŸ ืืฒึทื ื“ืจื•ืง ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื”ืขืจืขืจ, 
ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืจื˜ื™ืžื“ื™ืงืข ื‘ืึทืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื•ื ื’ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ. ื ืึธืจ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืจืึทืžืข "ืื™ื•ื‘" 
ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจืึทืŸ ืžืขืจ ืคึผืจื˜ื™ื, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื‘ืึทืคืขืกื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื ืึธืš ืžืขืจ ื“ื™ ืึทืœื’ืขืžืฒื ืข ืืฒึทื ื“ืจื•ืงืŸ. ืฆื‘ื™ื” ืœื•ื‘ืขื˜ืงื™ืŸ 
ื‘ืึทืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื˜ ืึทื–ืฑ ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืœืขื–ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ: "ื“ืึธืก ื“ืขืจืฉืœื™ื ืขืŸ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื•ึดื“ืขืจ ื“ืจืึทืžืขืŸ "ืื™ื•ื‘" ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคืึทืจืฐืึทื ื“ืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึท 


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ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉ ืื™ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ืœืขื‘ืŸ. ื“ืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืžืคึผืึธื–ืึทื ื˜ืข ืึธืฐื ื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื™.ืง. ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืคืึธืจื’ืขืœืฒื™ืขื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืึทืคื•ื ื’... ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ืฑื‘ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื–ื™ืขืœื ืึท ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืš ื“ืขื ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ืขืจ ืคืึธืจืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ 
ืคืึทืจืฉืฒื™ื“ืขื ืข ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข ืงืจืฒื™ื–ืŸ, ืคืึทืจ ืฉืจืฒึทื™ื‘ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจ. ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ื•ื™ ื™.ืง. ืœื™ื™ืขื ื˜ 
ืคืึธืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื“ืจืึทืžืข "ืื™ื•ื‘" ืื™ื– ื‘ืึทืฐื™ืจืงื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืึทื–ืฑ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจ ื’ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึทื“ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ื“ืขืจื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ. 
ืึธื˜, ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึทืœืขืžืขืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื ืึทืฆื™ื–ื ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื‘ืึทืฐื™ื–ืŸ ืืฒึทื ืฆื•ื‘ืจืขื›ืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ืฒึทืกื˜ ื‘ื™ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸื™ 122 

ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึท ืกืš ืึธืคึผื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืคืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึทืงื˜ื™ื• 
ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ืคึฟืึทืจืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืกื™ืจื˜. ืขืจ ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ืจืขื’ื•ืœืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืึธืคื˜ ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื›ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืชึผื™ื™ื™ืชื•ืžื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึธืจื˜ืฉืึทืงืŸ ืื•ืŸ 
ื“ืึธืžื‘ืจืึธืฐื•ืกืงื™ืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื˜ืึทืงืข ืึธื ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจืข ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ-ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืง ืคืึทืจ 
ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ. ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื™ื˜-ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉืŸ, ืฆื• ืื•ื ื“ื– ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ 
ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืข ืฉืึทืคื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ื•ื™ ืœืžืฉืœ, ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ "ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึทืก" ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ "ืžื™ืš ืฆื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึทืก"-- ื ื™ืฉื˜ 
ื“ืขืจื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ. ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ "ืžื™ืš ืฆื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึทืก", ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืคืึธืจื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ, ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ 
ืื•ื ื“ื– ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืข ืคึผืจื˜ื™ื ื™ืึธ ื‘ืึทืงืึทื ื˜. ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื’ืขื‘ื ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื”ืึทื˜ 
ืฉื˜ืึทืจืงืข ืึธืคึผืงืœืึทื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžืขืžื•ืึทืจืŸ-ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืื™ื. ื™ืฆื—ืง ืฆื•ืงืขืจืžืึทืŸ ื‘ืึทืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื˜ ื™.ืง'ืก ืœื™ื‘ืข ืฆื• 
ื“ื™ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ, ื‘ื™ื–ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ, ื–ืึธื’ื ื“ื™ืง ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข ื–ืึทื›ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ 
ืื™ื: "ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ืึธืจ ืคึผืึธืขื–ื™ืข ืึทืœื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืœื™ื‘ ื’ืขื”ืึทื˜. ืื•ื™ืš ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืœื™ื‘ ื’ืขื”ืึทื˜... ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื”ื•ื ื’ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ ื•ื™ ืึทื–ืฑ ืฆื• ืจืขื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ, ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื™ืชื•ืžื™ื... ืึทื– ืขืจ ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ืฉื˜ 
ืฐืฒึทื–ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธืžื•ื ืข ื‘ืฒึท ืื•ื ื“ื– {ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื–ื™ืขืœื ืึท 34}-- ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜ ืึทื– ืขืจ ื’ืขืคื™ื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืชึผื™- 
ื™ืชื•ืžื™ื.:?' ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืฆืขื ื˜ืขืจืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขื”ืึทื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืึทืฐืฑื’ืŸ, ื’ืขืฉืขืคึผื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืžืงื•ืจ, ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึทื ืขืŸ -- ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื›ึผื•ื—, ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคึผืึธืขื–ื™ืข ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื™ืŸ ืืฑืกื“ื•ื™ืขืจ: ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื—ืœื•ืฆื™ื. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ 
ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืœืึทื ื’ื˜ ืžืชึผื ื•ืช ืื•ื ื“ื– ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™. ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึทืŸ ืืžืช-ืคึผืึธืขื˜. ืื•ื™ืš ื“ื™ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื“ืึทืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ืขืจืœืึทื ื’ื˜ ื‘ืœื•ืžืขื ื˜ื•ื™ ืื•ืŸ ื”ื™ืžืœื‘ืœื•ื™. ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ ืึท ืžืึธืœ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืคืœืขืฉืขืจ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ 
ื”ื•ื™ืฃ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื–ื™ืขืœื ืข, ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืึทืœื˜ืข ื‘ืœืขื˜ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ-ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš, ืฐืขื˜ ืื™ืจ ื“ืึทืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ: ืึทืŸ 
ืืžืช-ืคึผืึธืขื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื™.ืง. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ื•ื™ ืึท ื“ืขืจืฐื•ืึทืงืกืขื ืขืจ ืคืึทืจ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ื“ืขื ืืžืช, ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืึทืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ 
ื“ื™ ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื... ืื™ืš ื“ืขืจืžืึธืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ื“ืจืึทืžืข: "ืžื™ืš ืฆื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึทืก", ืึท ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ- 
ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคื™ื ืฃ ืึทืงื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืŸ ืขืคึผื™ืœืึธื’ ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธืœืึธื’. ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืคึผืึทื ื’ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจืขื ื“ื™ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ืึท 
ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ-ื›ืึธืจ, ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื ื”ืึทืœื˜ ืื™ื– ืคื•ืœ ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ื™ืœื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื’ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื. ื ืึธืš ื“ืขื ื•ื™ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ื“ืจืึทืžืข 
ืคืึทืจ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืคึผืึธืจื’ืขืœืฒื™ืขื ื˜, ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืืฒึทื ื’ืขืœืึทื“ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื–ื™ืขืœื ืข ื“ื™ ื‘ืขืกื˜ืข ืคึผืขื“ืึทื’ืึธื’ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืœืขืจืขืจ, ื™ืึทื ื•ืฉ 
ืงืึธืจื˜ืฉืึทืงืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืกื˜ืขืคืึท ืฐื™ืœื˜ืฉื™ื ืกืงืึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื›ึผืœืœ-ื˜ื•ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืฉื•ืœืŸ -- ื–ื™ ื–ืึธืœืŸ ื”ืขืจืŸ ืคืึธืจืœืฒื™ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ 
ื“ืจืึทืžืข. ืื•ืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ื™ืจื˜ ืึท ืงืึธืžืคึผืึทื ื™ืข ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืึธืžื‘ืจืึธื•ื•ืกืงื™ืก ื‘ื™ืช-ื™ืชื•ืžื™ื, 
ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขื˜ืจืึธื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึธืจื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ("ืžื™ืš ืฆื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึทืก"ืŸ 124 

ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ ืึทืœืฒืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึท ืกืš ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธืคึผืงืœืึทื ื’ืขืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื–ื™ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื”ืึทื˜ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ. ื ืชืŸ ืขืง ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึทื–ืฑ ืคื™ืœ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืึทืืฒึทื ื“ื“ื•ืงื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื™-ืง'ืก ืขืžืึธืฆื™ืึธื ืขืœืขืจ 
ืฆื•ื’ืขื‘ื•ื ื“ื ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’, ื ืึธืš ื“ืขื ื•ื™ ื™.ืง. ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืขืœ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ืคึผืจื˜ื™-ืคึผืจื˜ื™ื ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืขืึทื˜ืจืึทืœืขืจ ืื•ื™ืคืคื™ืจื•ื ื’ -- ืึทื– ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื–ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฆื™ื˜ื™ืจื˜ ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ื™-ืงื™ืก ืฐืขืจื˜ืขืจ, ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื ื“ื–ืŸ- 
ืคื™ืกืœืขืš: "ื•ื™ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ืฒึท ื“ื™ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ, ื•ื™ ื˜ื™ืฃ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืกื™ืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ 
ื•ื™ ืคืจื™ื™ืœืขืš ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ; ืฐื™ ืฐื•ึผื ื“ืขืจืœืขืš ื‘ืึทื’ืึทื‘ื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื ื’ืœ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฉืคึผื™ืœื˜ ื“ื™ 
ื”ืฑืคึผื˜ืจืึธืœืข",**! ื“ืขืจ ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึฟืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจืœืึธืจืŸ ื’ืขื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ ื‘ืขืชืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ, ื’ืœืฒึทืš ื‘ืฒึทื 
ืึธื ื”ืฒื‘ -- ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืชึผื™ื™ื™ืชื•ืžื™ื ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจื˜ืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืจืขื‘ืœื™ื ืงืข. ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ 


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ืื™ื–, ื’ืœืฒึทื™ืš ื ืึธื›ืŸ ื“ืขืจื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ืชื•ืžื™ื, ืึทืฐืขืง ืื•ื™ืฃ ื˜ืฐืึทืจื“ืึท 7 ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆืขืฐืึธืจืคืขื ืข 
ื—ืคืฆื™ื ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืึทืคึผื™ืจืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ ืึท ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“ ื–ืฒึทื ืขื. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืจื›ื™ื•ื• ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– 
ืึธืคึผื’ืขืจืึทื˜ืขืฐืขื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืคื™ื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ืœื•ื—ืžื™ ื”ื’ื™ื˜ืื•ืช, ืื™ื– ืขืจ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ืึธ. ืคึผืจื˜ื™ื ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ 
ืื™ื ื”ืึทืœื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ื’ื™ื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื™.ืง. ืึทืœื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคึผืึธืขืžืข "ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ืคื•ื ืขื ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื”ืจื’ืขื˜ืŸ 
ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืึธืœืง", ื–ื™ 89 (ื–ืข ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืงื•ืจืฆืŸ ืึทืจืฒึทื ืคื™ืจ ืฆื• "ืžื™ืš ืฆื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึทืก", ื ื•ืž' 27). ืœืฑื˜ ื“ืขืจ 
ื‘ืึทืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื•ื ื’ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืงืขืŸ ืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืžืฉืขืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืคึฟืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ 1942. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืจื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง, 
ืื•ื‘ ืžื™ืจ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ ืึทื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืŸ "ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ืคื•ื ืขื ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื”ืจื’ืขื˜ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ 
ืคืึธืœืง" ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื˜ ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ 1943 ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’, ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื•ื ื’ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืคืึทืงื˜ื™ืฉ ื’ืขืžืึทื›ื˜ ื•ื™ 
ืขืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฉืจืฒึทื™ื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืŸ -- ืื™ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ 1942 ื‘ืขืช ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืึทื–ื•ืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ืึธืžื‘ืจืึธื•ื•ืกืงื™ืก ื‘ื™ืช-ื™ืชื•ืžื™ื. 
ืžืข ื“ืึทืจืฃ ืขืก ืึทื–ืฑ ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ ืžืข ื‘ืึทื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ ื“ืขื ืื•ืคืŸ ื•ื™ ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืฆืฒื™ื›ื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ืŸ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ื“ื™ 
ื“ืึทื˜ืข ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืขื˜ ื”ืขืจืฉืขืœืข ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึธืจื‘ืŸ: "ื”ืขืจืฉืขืœืข ืื™ื– ืืฑืกื’ืขื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจ ืึท ื™ืึธืจืŸ ื ืึธืš ืคื•ืŸ 
ื”ื•ื ื’ืขืจ". ื”ืขืจืฉืขืœืข ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึธืจื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ 1721941 ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจ ืงืœืึธืจ ืึทื– ื™.ืง. ื‘ืึทืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื˜ ื“ื™ 
ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ "ืžื™ืš ืฆื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึทืก" ืื™ืŸ "ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ืคื•ื ืขื ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื”ืจื’ืขื˜ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืึธืœืง" ืœื•ื˜ ืฐื™ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื’ืขื“ืขื ืงื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืคื™ืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ 1942 ื‘ืขืชืŸ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ, ืจื™ื™ื“ื ื“ื™ืง ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื”ืขืจืฉืขืœืขืก ื™ื™ึทื ื’ืขืœืข ื“ืขื ื™ืชื•ื. 
ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจ ืžืขื’ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืึธื ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคืจื™ึดืขืจ ื•ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ 1942 ืื•ืŸ ืึทืคื™ืœื• ืืคืฉืจ 
ื”ืึทืจื˜ ืคืึทืจืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ. 

ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื™ืึธ ืึธืคึผื’ืขื”ื™ื˜ ืึทืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืึธืžื‘ืจืึธื•ื•ืกืงื™ืก ื‘ื™ืช-ื™ืชื•ืžื™ื, ืึท 
ื“ืจืึทืžืึทื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืžืึธื ืึธืœืึธื’ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ "ื”ืึทื ื“ืœ" ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื”ืึทืœื‘ ืฆืขืฉืขื“ื™ืงื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืžืขืงื˜ืŸ 
ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ื’ืขืคื™ื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ืึทืจื›ื™ื•ื• ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ืœื•ื—ืžื™-ื”ื’ื™ื˜ืื•ืช (ื–ืข ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืงื•ืจืฆืŸ 
ืึทืจืฒึทื ืคื™ืจ ืฆื• "ื”ืึทื ื“ืœ", ื ื•ืž' 19). ืื•ื™ืš ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฉืฒึทื›ื•ืช ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ื–ืข 
ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืงื•ืจืฆืŸ ืึทืจืฒึทื ืคื™ืจ ืฆื• "ืžื™ืš ืฆื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึทืก", ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจื’ืœืฒึทืš ืžื™ื˜: "ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ืคื•ื ืขื 
ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื”ืจื’ืขื˜ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืึธืœืง", ื–' 88: ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืœืขืฆื˜ืขืจ ืฉื•ืจื” ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืฆื™ื˜ื™ืจื˜ ื™.ืง. ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื ื“ื–ืŸ-ืคื™ืกืœืขืš ื“ื™ 
ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืึทื ื“ืœืึทืจื–ืฉ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึธื ืึธืœืึธื’ "ื”ืึทื ื“ืœ", ื“ืขืจ ื ื•ืกื— ืื™ื– ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืึท ื‘ื™ืกืœ 


ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ: 
ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ืคื•ื ืขื ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื”ืจื’ืขื˜ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืึธืœืง ื”ืึทื ื“ืœ 
"ืื™ืŸ ื–ืึทืง ืื™ืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืขื ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ! ื“ื™ ืœืึทื˜ืขืก "ืงื•ืžื˜ ืึทืจืึธืคึผ ืื™ืš ืงื•ื™ืฃ 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืžืึทื˜ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืฆืขืจื™ืกืŸ ืื™ืš ืงื•ื™ืฃ, ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืงื•ื™ืคืŸ 
ืื™ื– ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื•ื“ื™ืง ืื™ื– ืื™ื–-- ืฐืึธืก ื ืึธืจ ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜! 
ืื™ืš ืงื•ื™ืฃ" ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืจ? 
ืึทืœื˜ืฐืึทืจื’ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš, ืึทืœื˜ืก, 
ืœืึทื˜ืขืก 
ืฉืžืึทื˜ืขืก! 


ืึธื ื™ืฆืขืก ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืจืึทื ื˜ืขืก - 
ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจื™ื, ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื•ืึทื ืฆื– 
ืึทืœืฅ!" 


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ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ื ื˜ืžืึธื˜ื™ื•ื•-- ืึท ื”ืขื ื“ืœืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ืข ื–ืึทื›ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื“ืขืจืฉื™ื™ื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื”ื•ื™ืฃ, ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ 
ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืงื•ืœ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืœืึธื–ื˜ ื•ื™ืกืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข ืื•ืคื ื™ื ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืœืึทื ื’ืŸ 
ืžืึธื ืึธืœืึธื’, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทืœื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื”ืึทื ื“ืœืึทืจื–ืฉ-- ื•ื™ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธื ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ -- ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืึทืœืข ื“ืจืฒึท ืึท ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ืฒื˜ืฒืœ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’-ื˜ืขื’ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜-ืžืœื—ืžื”. ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ ืึทืœื™ืŸ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืึทื–ืึท ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทืœื˜ ื‘ืึทืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืœื™ื“, ืื™ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ ืชืจืก"ื‘, ืžื™ื˜ ืึท 40 ื™ืึธืจ ืคืจื™ึดืขืจ. '?! ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืœื™ื“ ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš 
ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืึทืœืข ื’ืœืึทืฐื•ื ืข ืื™ื ื”ืึทืœื˜-ืงืึธืžืคึผืึธื ืขื ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทืœื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืึธื ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึธื ืึธืœืึธื’ 
"ื”ืึทื ื“ืœ".*?! ื“ื™ ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจื™ืฉืข ืžืขื’ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืคืึทืจ ืึท ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืจื™ืฉืขืจ ืกืฆืขื ื™ืฉืขืจ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทืœื˜ื™ืงื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื”ืึทื ื“ืœืึทืจื–ืฉ-ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทืœื˜, ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืฒึท ื™.ืง. ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขื•ื•ืขืงื˜ ืกืฒึท ื–ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืื•ืŸ ืกืฒึท ืึท ืฐื•ื™ื–ื•ืึทืœืข-ื“ืจืึทืžืึทื˜ื™ืฉืข ื–ืขื•ื ื’, ืื•ืŸ 
ืึทื–ืฑ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื‘ืึธืจืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืึท ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื’ืœื’ื•ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ืจื™ืฉืŸ ืœื™ื“ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืžื’ื•ืœื’ืœ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื“ืจืึทืžืึทื˜ื™ื–ืึทืฆื™ืข 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืฑืคึผื˜ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทืœื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืคืึทืจ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ. ืžืŸ-ื”ืกืชึผื ืฐืฒึทืœ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– ืคึผืœืึทืกื˜ื™ืฉ ืื•ืŸ 
ืขืžืึธืฆื™ืึธื ืึทืœ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื•ื ืื•ื™ืกื“ืจื•ืง ื“ื™ ื˜ืึธื’ื™ื˜ืขื’ืœืขื›ืข ื’ืจื•ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ-ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืคื™ืœื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทืงืึทื ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจ ืึทืœืขืžืขืŸ. ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืžืึทื˜ื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึธื ืึธืœืึธื’ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ื ื˜ืœืขืš ื ืึธืขื ื˜ ืึทืœืข ื’ืขื˜ืึธ- 
ืืฒึทื™ื ื•ืฐืฑื ืขืจ, ืฐืฒึทืœ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจืฉืคึผืจืฒื˜ืข ืื•ืคื ื™ื ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืคืฆื•ื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืคึผืœืึทืš ื‘ืžืฉืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืžืœื—ืžื”-ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจ ืึท ืกืš ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ืืฑืกืคืึทืจืงื•ื™ืคืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ื–ืึทื›ืŸ ืžื›ึผืœ-ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื-ืฉื”ื•ื 129 

ื ืึธืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึธืงื•ืคึผื™ืจื˜ืขืจ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข ืื™ื– ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ื™.ืง. ืึธื ื˜ืฒืœ 
ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจื™ืฉืข ืึธืฐื•ื ื˜ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ื™ืจื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ-ืงื™ืš ืื•ื™ืฃ ื’ืขื ืฉืข 12, 
ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ืขืจ ื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ืจืขืคืขืจืึทื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื“ืขืจืžื•ื˜ื™ืงืŸ. ื“ืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ 
ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืึทืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ "ื“ืจื•ืจ"-ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜. "ื“ืจื•ืจ" ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืึทื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ 
ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงื™ืš, ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’-ื˜ืขื’ืœืขืš ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ื™ืจื˜ ืคืึทืจ ื–ื™ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื, ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืึธื›ืžื™ื˜ืึธื’-ืฉืขื”ืขืŸ. ืึทืœืข ืคืจืฒื™ื˜ื™ืง ืื™ื– 
ืึทื”ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื™.ืง., ืขืจ ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœืŸ ืžืขืฉื‚ื™ื•ืช ืื•ืŸ ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ื–ื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ. ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืžืึธืœื˜, ื‘ืฒึทื 
ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืจื•ืจ-ื”ื—ืœื•ืฅ-ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ื– ื™.ืง. ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ ืคึฟืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ื‘ืึทื˜ืฒืœื™ืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ 
ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื ืขืžื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขืจืฐืึทืงืกืขื ืข ืื•ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ.'*! ืฆื•ื ืœืขืฆื˜ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ืื™ื– ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ, ื•ื™ ืขืก ื–ืขื˜ ืื•ื™ืก, ื“ืขื ืฉื‘ืช ืฐืึธืก ืคืึทืจืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ-- ื“ืขื 18ื˜ืŸ ื™ื•ืœื™ 1942 -- ื‘ืขืช 
ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึธื ืฐืขื–ื ื“ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืึทื ื•ืฉ ืงืึธืจื˜ืฉืึทืงืก ื‘ื™ืช-ื™ืชื•ืžื™ื ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’. ืคื™ืจ ื˜ืขื’ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ, ื“ืขื 
2ื˜ืŸ ื™ื•ืœื™ 1942, ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธื ื’ืขืคืึทื ื’ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ. ื“ื™ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช-ื™ืชื•ืžื™ื ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืคืึทืจื˜ืจื™ื‘ืขื ืข 131 

ื ืึธืš ืึท ื’ืขื‘ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคื˜ืœืขื›ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ-ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ, ืฐื•ึผ ื™ืง. ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ื‘ืžืฉืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืึธืงื•ืคึผืึทืฆื™ืข-ืชึผืงื•ืคื” ื‘ื™ื–ืŸ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ, ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ-ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื ืขืžื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ "ืชึผืงื•ืžื”", ื“ื™ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉืข ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ- 
ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื’ืจื™ื ื“ืขื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืึท ื’ืจื•ืคึผืข ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืข ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ-ื˜ื•ืขืจ 132 
ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจื–ืึทืžืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ื™ืจื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ "ืชึผืงื•ืžื”", ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ 
ืึท ืจืขื“ืข ื‘ืขืช ืึทืŸ ืืกื™ืคื” ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื“ืžืขื˜ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื”ืœื•ื™ืก ืึธื ื“ืขื ืง. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืขืคื ื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืคืฒึทืขืจื•ื ื’ 
ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ื™ืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ "ืชึผืงื•ืžื”" ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ. ื™ื™ืง. ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึทืŸ ืึทืงืึทื“ืขืžื™ืข ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื“ืžืขื˜ ื”ืจืฆืœืก ืื•ืŸ 
ื‘ื™ืึทืœื™ืงืก ืึธื ื“ืขื ืง, ื›' ื‘ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉ"ื (1941). ืขืก ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืึทื– ื™.ืง. ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ืึธืš ื‘ืึทื˜ืฒืœื™ืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืคึผืึธืจ 
ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข ืคื™ื™ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื“ืžืขื˜ ื™.ืœ. ืคึผืจืฆืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื—.ื . ื‘ื™ืึทืœื™ืงืŸ.*! ื™.ืง. ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ืึธื ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท 
ื“ืจืึทืžืึทื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ึดืฉืขืจ ืกื˜ื•ื“ื™ืข ืื™ืŸ "ืชึผืงื•ืžื”". ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืึทื˜ืขืจ-ื’ืจื•ืคึผืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื–ืึธืœื˜ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื™.ืง'ืก ืึท 
ื‘ืึทืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื™.ืœ. ืคึผืจืฆืขืก "ื“ืจืฒึทื™ ืžืชึผื ื•ืช". ื“ื™ ืึทื“ืึทืคึผื˜ืึทืฆื™ืข ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืงืข ื’ืจืขืกืขืจืข ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉืข 
ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืจื™ืฉืข ืฉืึทืคื•ื ื’ ืฐืึธืก ื™.ืง. ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ. 

ืื™ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ 1942 ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ืชืŸ ืขืง ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื ื“ื˜ ืฆื• ื™.ืง. ืื™ืŸ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ "ืชึผืงื•ืžื”", ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื‘ืงืฉื” -- ืฆื•ืฆื•ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื™.ืœ. 


73 


ืคึผืจืฆืขืก ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคึผืึทืจืŸ ื˜ืขืึทื˜ืขืจ. ื™.ืง. ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ืขื ืคึผืึธืจืฉืœืึธื’ ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ 
ื ื•ืกื— ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธืœืึธื’, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืœืžืขืฉื” ืึท ื•ื•ืขืจืง ืคืึทืจ ื–ื™ืš ืึทืœืฒืŸ, ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ืึธืจื™ื’ื™ื ืึทืœืŸ ืคึผืจืึธืœืึธื’. ื“ื™ 
ืžื™ื˜ื’ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ึดืฉืขืจ ืกื˜ื•ื“ื™ืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืžืึทื›ื˜ ืึธื ืฆืึธืœื™ืงืข ืจืขืคึผืขื˜ื™ืฆื™ืขืก. ืฆืฐื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืงื˜ื™ืึธืจืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ 
ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื™ื•ื’ื ื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข ื™ื•ื’ื ื˜-ื‘ืึทื•ื•ืขื’ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ. ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคืึธืจื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ 
ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจืขืจื’ืขืจื˜ืข ืœืขื‘ื ืก-ื‘ืึทื“ื™ื ื’ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึทืจ-ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ-ืชึผืงื•ืคื” 124 

ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืื™ื ื”ืึทืœื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’, ืื™ื™ื’ื ื˜ืœืขืš ืึทืŸ ืืฒื ืึทืงื˜ืขืจ.- ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ื ืชืŸ ืขืง, ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข 
ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ืข ื–ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืช, ืึทื– ืื•ื™ืกื ื•ืฆื ื“ื™ืง ื ืึธืจ ื“ืขื ืคึผืจืึธืœืึธื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืฆืขืก "ื“ืจืฒึท ืžืชึผื ื•ืช" ื”ืึธื˜ ื™.ืง. ื‘ืึทืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ืขื 
ืžื”ืœืš ืคื•ืŸ ืžืฉืคึผื˜ ืคืึทืจืŸ ื‘ื™ืช-ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืขืœื”. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึทืจืฑืคื’ืขื‘ืจืึทื›ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืกืฆืขื ืข ืฉืคึผืึธื’ืœ ื ื™ึทื™ืข ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทืœื˜ืŸ 
(ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจืึทื ืขื ืข ื‘ืฒึท ืคึผืจืฆืŸ). ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื–ื™ื™-- ืขื“ื•ืช -- ืžืขื ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคืจื•ื™ืขืŸ - ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœืŸ ืคืึทืจืŸ ื‘ื™ืช-ื“ื™ืŸ 
ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขืžืฉืคึผื˜ืŸ, ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื‘ืจ-ืžื™ื ื ืก ื’ื•ื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ืข ืžืขืฉื‚ื™ื. ื“ืขืจ ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืื™ืŸ ื™.ืง'ืก 
ืืฒื ืึทืงื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืึท ื˜ืจืึทื’ื™ืฉืข ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทืœื˜ ืฐืึธืก ื“ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ื”ื™ื™ื›ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืงืฒึทืงืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึทืจืึธืคึผ ื‘ื™ื– 
ื˜ื™ืคึผืกื˜ืข ืึธืคึผื’ืจื•ื ื˜ืŸ. ืขืก ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื“ืึธ ืคืึธืจื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืึท ืงืึธืžืคึผืœื™ืฆื™ืจื˜ ืงืจืขื ืงืœืขืš ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขื–ืึทืคึผื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืขืจืึธื˜ื™ืง, ืึท 
ืžื™ืŸ ืœืขื‘ื ืก-ื•ื•ื™ืจืงืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ ื•ื™ ืก'ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื‘ืึทืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื™-ืง'ืก "ืืžื ื•ืŸ" ืฆื™ ืื™ืŸ "ื—ื ื™ื‘ืขืœ". ื ืชืŸ ืขืง ื’ื™ื˜ ืฆื•, ืึทื– ื“ืขืจ 
ืืฒื ืึทืงื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ื’ืขื’ืจืึทืžื˜ืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ ืฐื™ ืขืก ืฐืฒึทื–ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื ืื•ื™ืก - ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืึทืžื‘ืŸ.**' ื™ืฆื—ืง 
ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื–ืึธืœื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ื‘ืึทื˜ืฒืœื™ืงืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื”ืขืœืคืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ืฆื•ืคื™ืจืŸ ื ืึธืš ืึทืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื ืขืžื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ 
"ืชึผืงื•ืžื”" ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืึธืคึผืฆื•ื“ืจื•ืงืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ืึท ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืจื™ืฉืŸ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ึดืฉืŸ ื–ืึทืžืœื‘ื•ืš. ืื™ืŸ 
ื–ืึทืžืœื‘ื•ืš ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื–ืึธืœื˜ ื‘ืึทื˜ืฒืœื™ืงืŸ ืึทืœืข ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉืข ืฉืจืฒื™ื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ. ืขืก ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ 
ืคึผืœืึทื ื™ืจื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืึธืคึผืฆื•ื“ืจื•ืงืŸ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉืข ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืจื™ืฉืข ืฉืึทืคื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜-ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉืข 
ืฉืจืฒื™ื‘ืขืจ. ื“ืขืจ ื–ืึทืžืœื‘ื•ืš ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจืฉื™ื ืขืŸ, ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืึธืก ืžืึธืœ ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ ื“ืขื ืคึฟืึทืจืขืจื’ืขืจื˜ืŸ ืžืฆื‘ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ, ืคืึทืจืŸ 
ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ 156 

ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ื™ื™ืง"ืึธืจ {(=ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ-ึธืจื’ืื ื™ืึทืฆื™ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืขืจื“ื™ืฉืข ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ-ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคึผื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ืฆืขื ื˜ืจืึทืœืขืจ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ-ืคืึทืงื˜ืึธืจ ืื™ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ 
ื’ืขื˜ืึธ-ืœืขื‘ืŸ. ืžื™ื˜ ื™ื™ึดืง"ืึธืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคึผืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืง ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืกื˜ืข ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ 
ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ.'?: ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ, ืึทื–ืฑ ื•ื™ ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ืžืœื—ืžื”, ืื™ื– ืฐืฒึทื™ื˜ืขืจ ืึธื ื’ืขื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืฆืขืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ึดืฉ, ืกืฒึทื™ ื’ืขื“ืึทื ืงืœืขืš ืื•ืŸ ืกืฒึท ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ืึทืฆื™ืึธื ืขืœ. ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ- 
ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคึผื˜ืŸ, "ืชึผืงื•ืžื”" ืื•ืŸ "ื™ื™ืง'ืึธืจ" ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืึทืงื˜ื™ืฐืฑื˜ืขื˜, ื™ืขื“ืข ืื™ื™ื ืข ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืคึผืจืึทืš, 
"ืชึผืงื•ืžื”" ืื•ื™ืฃ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ึดืฉ ืื•ืŸ "ื™ื™ึดืง"ืึธืจ" ืื•ื™ืฃ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ. ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืงืขืจ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ 
ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ื•ื•ืขืžืขื ืก ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืื™ื– ืคึฟืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคื˜ืŸ. ืึท ืกื™ืžืŸ ืคืึทืจ ื™-ืง'ืก ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ 
ืžื™ื˜ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ-ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ, ืฐื™ ืขืก ืฐืฒึทื–ื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืึทืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดืง"ืึธืจ, ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจืึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึทืŸ 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืขื ืขื ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืŸ ื“ืึธืงื•ืžืขื ื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ-ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ. 
ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ื’ืขืคื™ื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดืง"ืึธืจ-ืึทืงื˜ื™ืฐืฑืกื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข 
ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ, ื•ื™ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืกืžืึธืœื™ืึทื–ืฉ, ื™. ืงื™ืจืžืึทืŸ, ื–. ืกืงืึทืœืึธื•ื•, ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืคืขืœื“, ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ ืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ, ืฉ. ื’ื™ืœื‘ืขืจื˜, ื™. ืœืขืจืขืจ 
ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืš, ืื™ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืืฒึทื ืœืึทื“ื•ื ื’ืก-ื‘ืจื™ื• ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ื‘ืฉื•ืชืคื•ืชื“ื™ืงืŸ ืื•ื™ืคื˜ืจื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืขืกื˜ืข ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ 
ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืึทืžืขืŸ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืึท ืžื•ื–ื™ืงืึทืœื™ืฉ-ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืจื™ืฉืŸ ืึธืฐื•ื ื˜, ื“ืึทื˜ื™ืจื˜ ื“ืขื ืคื˜ืŸ ืคืขื‘ืจื•ืึทืจ 1941. ื“ืขืจ ืึธื•ื•ื ื˜ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื–ืึธืœื˜ ืคืึธืจืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ืขื 15ื˜ืŸ ืคึผืขื‘ืจื•ืึทืจ 1941 ืื™ืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ืคื•ืŸ "ื˜ืึธื–", ื“ื™ ื”ื™ืœืฃ-ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคื˜ ืคืึทืจ 
ืžืขื“ื™ืฆื™ื ื™ืฉืขืจ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืข ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจื˜ื™ื™ื“ื™ืงื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืจื•ื™. ืื•ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“, ืื•ื™ืฃ ื’ืขื ืฉืข 43. ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืจื™ื•ื• ืื™ื– ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ: 
"ื“ื™ ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ื™ืจ-ืงืึธืžื™ืกื™ืข". ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื ื•ืกื— ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืฉืจื™ืคื˜ ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืงืœืึธืจ ืฐืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืขืก ื“ื™ ืื™ื ื™ืฆื™ืึทื˜ืึธืจืŸ 
ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื–ืึท ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื ืขืžื•ื ื’, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ื™ืจื˜ ื•ื™ ืกืข ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื•ื•: "ืึท ืฉืขื” ืคืึทืจืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ 


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ืื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจ". ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ ื“ืึธ ื“ืขื ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึธืจื™ื’ื™ื ืึทืœืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ืึธืงื•ืžืขื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืžืึธื“ืขืจื ื™ื–ื™ืจื˜ืŸ 
ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืืฑืกืœืฒื™ื ืคึฟ; 
ืึท ืฉืขื” ืคืึทืจืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจ 
(ืึทืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ื ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืึธืจื™ื’ื™ื ืขืœืขืจ ืงืึธื ืฆืขืจื˜) 


ื—ืฉื•ื‘ืขืจ ืคืจื™ื™ื ื“! | 
ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ืขื ื›ึผื‘ื•ื“ ืืฒึทื™ืš ืฆื• ืคืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ืฉืขื” ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืžื•ื–ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ 
(ืคึผืึธืขื–ื™ืข, ื ืึธื•ื•ืขืœืข ืื•ืŸ ืขืกื™ื™). ื“ืขื ื ืึธืขื ื˜ืŸ ืฉื‘ืช, ื“ืขื 15ื˜ืŸ ืคืขื‘ืจื•ืึทืจ 1941, ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืึท ื–ื™ื™ื’ืขืจ 
ืžื™ื˜ืึธื’ืฆืฒื˜, ืื™ืŸ ืœืึธืงืึทืœ ืคื•ืŸ "ื˜ืึธื–", ื’ืขื ืฉืข 43. 
ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธื ืฆืขืจื˜ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืึธืจื™ื’ื™ื ืขืœ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืขืจืžื™ื˜, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืจ ืฐืขื˜ ื”ืขืจืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืžื•ื–ื™ืง, ืคื™ื“ืœ, 
ืคึผื™ืึทื ืึธ, ื’ืขื–ืึทื ื’, ืจืขืฆื™ื˜ืึทืฆื™ืข, ื‘ืึทืœืขื˜-ื˜ืึทื ืฅ, ืคึผืึธืขื–ื™ืข, ื ืึธื•ืฐื•ืขืœืข, ืขืกื™ื™-- ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืฐืขื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ 
ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืœืึธื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืคื™ืœื–ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืขืจ ืึทืจืฑืกื˜ืจืขื˜ื•ื ื’. 
ื“ืจืฒึท ืžื™ื ื•ื˜ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืคืึทืจ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืฉืึทืคื•ื ื’! ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฉืžืึทืง, ืขืกื˜ืขื˜ื™ืฉ, ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืžืึธืก ืื•ืŸ 
ื˜ืึทืงื˜, ื›ึผื“ื™ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืฉืฐืขืจืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื’ืขืžื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ืฆื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื›ึผื“ื™ ืฆื• ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืึท 
ืžืขื’ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืึธืคึผืฆื•ืจืฒึทืกืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืึทืจื•ื ืื•ืŸ ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจืฆื•ืคื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื”ืขืจืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืึท 
ื’ืขืžื™ื˜ืœืขื›ืขืจ, ื”ื™ื™ืžื™ืฉืขืจ ืึทื˜ืžืึธืกืคืขืจืข ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืžื•ื ื’. 
ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืจ ืฐืขื˜ ื ืึธืš ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜, ืึทื– ืžื™ื˜ ืืฒึทืขืจ ืึธื ื˜ืฒืœ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืขืจ 
ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจื™ืฉืขืจ ืื™ืžืคึผืจืขื–ืข ืฐืขื˜ ืื™ืจ ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื ืžืขื’ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ 
ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจ ืฆื• ืคืึทืจื“ื™ื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ืฐื™ืจื“ื™ืงืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื›ึผื‘ื•ื“ื™ืงืŸ ืื•ืคืŸ, ืฐืขื˜ ืื™ืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืก ื‘ืึทืฐื™ืœื™ืงืŸ ืฆื• 
ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทื˜ืฒืœื™ืงืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืขืจ ืึธืจื™ื’ื™ื ืขืœืขืจ ืึทืจืฑืกื˜ืจืขื˜ื•ื ื’. 

ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทื ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื–ืขืŸ: 
ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืžื•ื•ื™ืง | | 
ืคื™ื“ืœ ืขืฐืึท ืงืึธื–ืฉื™ (ืจืึธื’) -- ืึทื‘ืกืึธืœืฐืขื ื˜ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึธื ืกืขืจืฐืึทื˜ืึธืจื™ื•ื. 
ืคึผื™ืึทื ืึธ ืžื™ื ืึท (ืžืึทืกืœืึทื ืกืงืึท) - ืึทื‘ืกืึธืœืฐืขื ื˜ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึธื ืกืขืจืฐืึทื˜ืึธืจื™ื•ื. 
ื‘ืึทืœืขื˜-ื˜ืึทื ืฅ ืฉื•ืœืึท ืงืึทืžื™ื ืกืงืึท-- ืึทื‘ืกืึธืœืฐืขื ื˜ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืจื•ืฉื™ืฆืงืึทืก ื‘ืึทืœืขื˜. 
ื’ืขื–ืึทื ื’ ืึทืจืฑืกื˜ืจื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืึทืœืงืกื–ื™ื ื’ืขืจ ื”ืขืจืฉืขืœืข ืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ. 


ื™ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ 
ืจืขืฆื™ื˜ืึทืฆื™ืข - ืœืฒึทื›ื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ ืืฒื’ื ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืข ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืคึผืึธืขื–ื™ืข ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ - 
ืจืขืฆื™ื˜ื™ืจื˜ ื“ื•ืจื›ืŸ ืึทืจื˜ื™ืกื˜ ื–. ืฉืงืœืึทืจ. 
ืคึผืึธืขื–ื™ืข - ืฉ. ื’ื™ืœื‘ืขืจื˜, (ืค.) ืฐืฒื™ืœืึทื ื“, ื™. ืœืขืจืขืจ, ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœื ืกืึธืŸ. 
ื ืึธื•ื•ืขืœืข - ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืกืžืึธืœืึทื–ืฉ, ื™. ืงื™ืจืžืึทืŸ, ื–. ืกืงืึทืœืึธื•ื•, ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืคืขืœื“. 
ืขืกื™ื™ - ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ, ื™. ื‘ืขืจื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, ื . ืฉื˜ืขืจื ื‘ืขืจื’, ืจื—ืœ ืืฑืขืจื‘ืึทืš. 
ืคืึธืจื•ื•ืึธืจื˜ - ื“"ืจ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืœืฒืคึผื•ื ืขืจ. 
ื“ืขืจ ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ื™ืจ-ืงืึธืžื™ื˜ืขื˜ 
ืฐืึทืจืฉืข, ื“ืขื 9 ืคืขื‘ืจื•ืึทืจ 1941 


ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืขืจ ื‘ืจื™ื•ื• ื“ื™ื ื˜ ืึทื ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ืึทืŸ ืืฒึทื ื˜ืจื™ื˜-ื‘ื™ืœืขื˜. 
ืื•ื™ืกืฆื•ื˜ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื‘ืฒึท ื“ืขืจ ืงืึทืกืข ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึธื ืฆืขืจื˜, 


75 


ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึธื ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืขื ืขืจ ื”ืขืจื” ืื™ืŸ ืงืœืึทืžืขืจืŸ, ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืึทื– ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธื ืฆืขืจื˜ ืื™ื– ืึท ื™ื—ื™ื“-ื‘ืžื™ื ื• ืื•ืŸ ืึทืŸ 
ืึธืจื™ื’ื™ื ืขืœืขืจ, ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืึทื– ื“ืึธ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืœืขื›ืขืจ ืื™ื ื™ืฆื™ืึทื˜ื™ื•ื• ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืื™ืŸ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ-ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ื‘ื™ื– ื“ืึทืŸ, ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื”ืึทื˜ ืื™ืจ ื’ืœืฒื™ื›ืŸ. ืคื•ืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืขื ืขื ืึธืจื˜ ืคืึทืจืŸ ืžื•ื–ื™ืง- ืื•ืŸ 
ืฐืึธืจื˜-ืงืึธื ืฆืขืจื˜, ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธื ื˜ื™ื™ืœื™ื ืขืžืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืงืŸ ืจืขื“ื ืขืจ, ืึท ื‘ื›ึผื‘ื•ื“ื™ืงืขืจ 
ื‘ืึทืงืึทื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ืึธืงื˜ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืจืฒึทื– ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืฉืจืฒึทื™ื‘ืขืจ, ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืึทืจืฑืก - ืึทื– ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธื ืฆืขืจื˜ ืื™ื– ืึทืŸ 
ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืคึผืจื•ึผื•ื• ืื™ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ-ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ืื•ื™ืคืฆื•ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืึท ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ-ืคืจืึธื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืจืฒึทื™ื‘ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ 
ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจืฉืฒื“ืขื ืข ืื™ื“ืขืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืฉืข ืื•ืŸ ื’ื™ึทื™ืกื˜ื™ืงืข ืึธืจื™ืขื ื˜ืึทืฆื™ืขืก. ื•ื™ ืขืก ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืืฒึทื ืœืึทื“ื•ื ื’, ืื™ื– ืื™ื™ื ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืข ืฆื™ืœืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึธื ืฆืขืจื˜ -- ืึทืจื•ื™ืกืฆื•ื”ืขืœืคืŸ ื ื•ื™ื˜-ื‘ืึทื“ืขืจืคื˜ื™ืงืข ืฉืจืฒึทื™ื‘ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ 
ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจ 139 

ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื“ืขื ื˜ื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ืึทื˜ืึธืจืŸ, ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื–ื™ืš ืžืฉืขืจ ืึทื– ื“ืขืจ ืึธืจื˜ ืคืึทืจืŸ ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขื ื˜ืจืขืฃ -- 
"ื˜ืึธื–" -- ืฐืฒึทื–ื˜ ืึธืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ืึทื– ื“ืึธ ื”ืึทื ื“ืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืขืก ืื™ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืึธื ืฉื˜ืจืขื ื’ ืฆื• ืฉื˜ืึทืจืงืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ-ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ 
ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื ืข ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื’ืขื˜ืึธ-ืงืจืฒึทื–ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ื™ืจื˜ ืึทืจื•ื ื“ืขืจ ืคืึทืจืฆืฐืฒึทื’ื˜ืขืจ 
ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืกืึธืฆื™ืึทืœืขืจ ืึทืœืฒื™ื ื”ื™ืœืฃ, ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ "ื˜ืึธื–" ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจืข ื“ืจื™ื™ 
ืฆืขื ื˜ืจืึทืœืข ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ืึทืฆื™ืขืก. ืื•ืŸ ืขืก ื”ืึทื ื“ืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืึท ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขื ื˜ืจืขืฃ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืžืขื ืก ืฆืขื ื˜ืขืจ ืขืก ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ -ื™ 
ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจืข ื’ืขื˜ืึธ-ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ. ืื™ื– ืขืก ืึท ืกื‘ืจื” ื˜ืึทืงืข ืึทื– ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื ื™ืฆื™ืึทื˜ืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืž. ื–ื™ืง- ืื•ืŸ 
ืฐืึธืจื˜-ืงืึธื ืฆืขืจื˜ ืื™ื– ื™ื™ึดืง"ืึธืจ, ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ-ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ืึทืฆื™ืข ื‘ืจืืฉ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืึทืงื˜ื™ืฐื™ืกื˜ ืคืึทืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ 
ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ - ืžื ื—ื ืœื™ื ื“ืขืจ. ืื™ื‘ืขืจื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ื“ืึทืจืฃ ื“ืึธ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ ืฐื•ืขืจืŸ, ืึทื– ื“ืขืจ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืคืขื‘ืจื•ืึทืจ 1941 ืื™ื– ืึท 
ื“ืึทื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืฆื™ื“ื™ืจื ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจ ื™ื™ึดืง"ืึธืจ. ื ืึธืš ื“ืขื ื•ื™ ื™ื™ึดืง"ืึธืจ, ืžื™ื˜ ืžื ื—ื ืœื™ื ื“ืขืจืŸ ื‘ืจืืฉ, ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื‘ืžืฉืš ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจืข ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืžืึธื ืึทื˜ืŸ ืขืงื–ื™ืกื˜ืขื ืฅ ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ืึธื ื™ืจื˜ ื•ื™ ืึท ืงืึธืžื™ืกื™ืข ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึทืจืฉืคึผืจืฒื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืฉื˜ึผืจืึทืš ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ, ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ-ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ืึทืฆื™ืข ืึธื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ืึทื ื˜ืฐื™ืงืœืขืŸ ืึท 
ืคืึทืจืฆืฐื•ืฒึทื’ื˜ืข ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ื•ื™ ืึท ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคื˜ ืคืึทืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ, ืึทืงื•ืจืึทื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืคืขื‘ืจื•ืึทืจ 1*0.1941 

ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื‘ืึทืฐื•ึผืกื˜ ืฆื™ ื“ืขืจ ืžื•ื–ื™ืง- ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืจื˜-ืงืึธื ืฆืขืจื˜ ืื™ื– ืขื ื“ืœืขืš ืคืึธืจื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ืขื 15 ืคืขื‘ืจื•ืึทืจ 
1. ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคืึทืจืึทืŸ. ื ืึธืš ืžืขืจ, ืก'ืื™ื– ืึท ืกืคืง ืฆื™ ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธื ืฆืขืจื˜ ืื™ื– ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืก ืื™ื– 
ืคืึธืจื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ืขืžื ื•ืืœ ืจื™ื ื’ืขืœื‘ืœื•ืžืก ืจืฉื™ืžื•ืช ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜. ืก'ืื™ื– ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืคืึธืจืฆื•ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ 
ื–ื™ืš ืึทื– ืึทื–ืึท ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขื”ืึทื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ, ื–ืึธืœ ื‘ืฒึท ืื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฆืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ. 
ืœื•ื˜ ืจื—ืœ ืืฑืขืจื‘ืึทื›ืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื–ืึธืœื˜ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืึทืŸ ืึธื ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืึธื ืฆืขืจื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืŸ ืขืกื™ื™ -- ืื™ื– ื–ื™ ืื•ื™ืฃ 
ืึทื–ืึท ืงืึธื ืฆืขืจื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืืฑื™ืคื’ืขื˜ืจืึธื˜ืŸ. ื–ื™ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ ืื™ื ืื•ื™ืš ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื‘ื•ืš "ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ืื•ืช" ืฐืึธืก 
ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื“ืžืขื˜ ื“ื™ ืื•ืžื’ืขืงื•ืžืขื ืข ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ !1 

ืื•ื™ืฃ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืคืึทืœ, ืึทืคึผื™ืœื• ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธื ืฆืขืจื˜ ืื™ื– ื˜ืึทืงืข ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคึฟืึธืจื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ, ืงืขืŸ ืžืขืŸ ืึธืคึผืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขื“ืึทื ืง 
ืึทืœื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉืคึผืจืึทืš ืื•ืŸ ืกื˜ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืืฒึทื ืœืึทื“ื•ื ื’, ืึทื– ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ืึธ ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ ืฐื™ ืขืก ื–ืขื˜ ืื•ื™ืก, ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ 
ื‘ืึทืงืึทื ื˜ืข ื˜ืขื ื“ืขื ืฆืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดืง"ืึธืจ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืกื˜ื™ืœ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืžื ื—ื ืœื™ื ื“ืขืจ: ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื˜, ื“ืขืจืœืฒึทื™ื›ื˜ืขืจืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ืขืคื™ืœ 
ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืฉืœืึธื’ื ืงืฒื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ืึทืจื•ืกืคื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ-ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืงื•ื ืกื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜, ืคึผืจื•ึผื•ื•ืŸ ืึทืจืฑืกื”ืขืœืคืŸ ื ื•ื™ื˜-ื‘ืึทื“ืขืจืคื˜ื™ืงืข ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจ. ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ 
ื•ื•ืขืžืขื ืก ื ืขืžืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ ื•ื™ ืึธื ื˜ื™ื™ืœ-ื ืขืžืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทื ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึธื ืฆืขืจื˜, ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ 
ื‘ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื’ืขืœื™ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื’ืขืจ, ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืข ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึธืจื‘ืŸ ืึท ืงื•ืจืฆืข ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ. ื“ืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ 
ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข: ืฉืœืžื” ื’ื™ืœื‘ืขืจื˜, ืคึผ. ืฐืฒืœืึทื ื“, ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ ืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ, ื . ืฉื˜ืขืจื ื‘ืขืจื’, ื”ืขืจืฉืขืœืข ืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ.:*' ืก'ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจ 
ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืืฑืกื’ืขืฉืœืึธืกืŸ ืึทื– ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืึธื ื˜ืฒืœ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึทื–ืึท ืงืึธื ืฆืขืจื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ืึธืจ 
ื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ื˜ ืฆื• ืคึฟืึทืจืฉืคึผืจืฒื˜ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ, ื ืึธืจ ื˜ืึทืงืข ื˜ืึธืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก ื›ึผื“ื™ ืึทืจื•ืกืฆื•ื”ืขืœืคืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื ื’ืขืจื™ืงืข 


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ื ื•ื™ื˜-ื‘ืึทื“ืขืจืคื˜ื™ืงืข ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืขืจ. ืขืจ ืึทืœื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขืœื™ื˜ืŸ ืึทื–ืฑ ืฉืฐื•ืขืจ ื•ื™ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืงืึธืœืขื’ืŸ, ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ืคืจื•ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ-ืงื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ืึทืœื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ืœืขืจืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืจื™ืฐื•ืึทื˜ืข ื”ื™ื™ืžืขืŸ, ืœืžืฉืœ ื‘ืฒื™ 
ื’ื•ื–ืฉื™ืงืŸ, ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ื–ืฉืฑื™ื ื˜-ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ืึธืจืŸ, 143 

ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืื™ื– ื™ื™ึดืง"ืึธืจืก ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึทื–ืฑ ืคื™ืœ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข 
ืคืึทืจื–ืึทืžืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ืคึผื•ื‘ืœื™ืงื•ื, ื ืึธืจ ื“ืขืจ ืขื™ืงืจ ืืฑืฃ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืขืงื–ื™ืกื˜ื™ืจื ื“ื™ืงืข 
ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืจืึทืžืขืŸ -- ื“ื•ืจื›ืŸ ืึทืจืฒึทื ื“ืจื™ื ื’ืขืŸ, ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ืœืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืกืึธืฆื™ืึทืœืขืจ ืึทืœืฒื ื”ื™ืœืฃ, ืื™ืŸ 
ืึทืœืข ื’ืขื‘ื™ื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืงืขืžืขืจืœืขืš ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธื“ืœืขื‘ืŸ -- ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ื–-ืงืึธืžื™ื˜ืขื˜ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื™ื›ืŸ, ื™ื•ื’ื ื˜-ื’ืจื•ืคึผืŸ ืื“"ื’ืœ. 
ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืœืข ื’ืขื‘ื™ื˜ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืžืžื™ืœื ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืง, ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืึทืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืจื•ืจ-ื”ื—ืœื•ืฅ- 
ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ืข ืžื™ื ื™ื ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื ืขืžื•ื ื’ืขืŸ. ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืึธื ืงื•ืžืขื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืš 
ืฆื• ื“ืขื ืึทืœืขืžืขืŸ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืึท ืกื•ืฃ. 


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ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ-ืฆืฒึทื™ื˜ ื‘ื™ื–ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืฉื˜ืึทื ื“ 


ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืงืกื˜ืขืจ ืชึผืงื•ืคื” ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฉืึทืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ -- ืคื•ืŸ 22ื˜ืŸ ื™ื•ืœื™ ื‘ื™ื–ืŸ 12ื˜ืŸ ืกืขืคึผื˜ืขืžื‘ืขืจ 
2 - ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ, ื”ืึธื˜ ื™.ืง. ื˜ืึทืงืข ื’ืึธืจื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ืฆื•ื ืฉื˜ืึทืจืงืกื˜ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืฉื˜ืขืžืคึผืœ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจื“ื™ืงืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฉืึทืคืŸ. ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก 
ืฉืึทืคืŸ ื ืึธื›ืŸ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ, ืคืึทืจืฐืึทื ื“ืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจื™ืฉืŸ ืจืขืึทื’ื™ืจืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืžืึทื›ื˜ืœืึธื–ื™ืงืฒื˜ ืื•ืŸ 
ืื•ืžื‘ืึทื”ืึธืœืคื ืงืฒื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื•ืึทืจืฉืข ื‘ืžืฉืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืข ืžืึธื ืึทื˜ืŸ ืคืึทืจืŸ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ ืื•ืŸ 
ื‘ืขืช ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื˜ืึธื’-ื˜ืขื’ืœืขืš ืคืึทืจืฉื™ืงื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืจืขื‘ืœื™ื ืงืข. ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจืŸ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ, ืื•ืŸ ืึทื•ื•ื“ืื™ ื‘ืขืชืŸ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ, 
ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืขืจื–ืขื ืœืขื›ืขืจ ื’ื•ืจืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื™.-ืง. ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ื•ืจืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืึธืœืง ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืก ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื™ืŸ ืฉืึทืคืŸ. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื“ืขื ื˜ื™ืคื™ืฆื™ืจื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ื˜ืฑื–ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืžืึธืจื“ืขื˜ืข ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžื™ืœื™ืึธื ืขืŸ 
ืคึผืึทืจื ื™ื›ื˜ืขื˜ืข ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืžื–ืจื—-ืื™ื™ืจืึธืคึผืข, ื‘ื™ื– ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื”ืึทื˜ ื“ืขื ื’ืขืคื™ืœ ืึทื– ืขืจ ืฐืขื˜ ืึท ืœืขื ื’ืขืจืข ืฆืฒึทื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ 
ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืึธืœืงืก ื˜ื•ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืžืึธืจื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืžืฉืคึผื—ื”. 

ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืœืขื›ื˜ ื“ื™ ื–ื™ื‘ืŸ ืฐืึธื›ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ ืื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืœื™, ืืฑื’ื•ืกื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืกืขืคึผื˜ืขืžื‘ืขืจ 
ื‘ืึทื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ื ื“ื™ืง ื–ื™ืš ื ืึธืš ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืกืš ืคืจื™ึดืขืจ, ืฐื™ ืึท ืœืขื‘ืขื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื˜ืฑื˜; ื ืึธืš ืคืึทืจืŸ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ ืื™ื– ืขืจ 
ืึทืจื•ืžื’ืขื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ, ื•ื™ ืขืจ ืึทืœืฒืŸ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜, ืคืึทืจื”ื™ืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืจ ื ืึธืš ื“ื™ ื’ืขื˜ื•ื™ื˜ืข, - ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื–ืŸ ืกื•ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื™ืึธืจืŸ -- ื•ื™ ืขืจ ืึทืœืฒืŸ ื“ืจื™ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืก.**: ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ-ื˜ืขื’ ืื™ื– ืขืจ ืึทืจืฑืก ืึทืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ, ืึท ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ 
ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืฉื•ื’ืขืช-- ืึท ื˜ืฑื˜ืขืจ ืฐืึธืก ืœืขื‘ื˜. ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ืขื ื˜ืฑื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ, ืคื•ืŸ ืงืขืœื˜, 
ืงืจืึทื ืงื”ืฒื™ื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื’ืขืจ, ื”ืึธื˜ ื™.ืง. ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืœืขื‘ื˜ ื•ื™ "ืึท ื˜ืฑื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ" ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืš 
ื’ืขื ื•ื’ ื›ึผื•ื— ืฆื• ื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืจืŸ ื ืึธืš ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื˜ืฑื˜, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืึธื‘ืขืจ-- ื‘ืขืช ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืจื•ื™ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื–ื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ 
ืคึฟืึทืจื˜ืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืฆื•ื ื˜ื•ื˜ ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืึธืš 250,000 ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ, ื“ืขืจืคื™ืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืื•ืžืงื•ื ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืขื 
ื˜ื•ื™ื˜. ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืจ ื ืึธืš ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึธืจื‘ืขื ืข ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ, ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืŸ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ, ืฐืึธืก ื‘ืึทื˜ืึธื ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท 
ืคึผืึทืจืึทื“ืึธืงืกืึทืœืŸ ืื•ืคืŸ ื“ืขื ื™ืกื•ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืœืขื‘ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืึธืš ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื’ืขืฉืœืึธื’ืŸ ื“ืึทืŸ ืคืึทืจืŸ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ, ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ 
ื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธืคึผื’ืขื˜ืจืึธื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฅ ื“ืขื ืึธืจื˜ ืคืึทืจ ืึท ื’ืขืคื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆืขืคืึทืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ื–ื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ. ืื™ืŸ 
ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืคื•ืกื˜ืจื™ื˜ ืงื•ืžื˜ ื“ื™ ืคึฟืึทืจืฉื˜ื•ืžืขื ื™ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ื™.ืง. ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื˜ ืžืขืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜, ื‘ืžืฉืš ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืึท ืœืขื ื’ืขืจืขืจ ืชึผืงื•ืคื”. - 

ืคื•ืŸ 11ื˜ืŸ ื™ื•ืœื™ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื–ืŸ 8ื˜ืŸ ืึธืงื˜ืึธื‘ืขืจ 1942 ื”ืึธื˜ ื™.ืง., ืฐื™ ืขืก ื–ืขื˜ ืื•ื™ืก, ื’ืึธืจื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ. ืึธื ื”ืฒื‘ 
ืึธืงื˜ืึธื‘ืขืจ 2 ืฉืจืฒื™ื‘ื˜ ืขืจ ืึท ืœื™ืจื™ืฉืข ืคึผืึธืขืžืข ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื˜ื•ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืจื•ื™ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื–ื™ืŸ: "ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’ ืคื•ืŸ 
ืžืฒึทืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืง", ืื•ืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื ืึธื•ื•ืขืžื‘ืขืจ 1942 -- ืคื™ืจ ืžืึธื ืึทื˜ืŸ ื ืึธืš ื“ืขื ื•ื™ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ืฑื‘ืŸ 
ืฉืจืฒึทื™ื‘ืŸ "ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืจืึทื“ื–ื™ื ืขืจ"-- ื–ืขืฆื˜ ืขืจ ืคืึธืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืขื ื“ื™ืงื˜ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธืขืžืข ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืึธื ื’ืขื”ืฑื‘ืŸ ืึท ืงื•ืจืฆืข ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืคืึทืจืŸ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ื™ื˜ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืขืžืข ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฐืฒึทื‘ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื–ื™ืŸ, 
ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืึทืŸ ืขื“ื•ืชืฉืึทืคึฟื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจืŸ ื’ืขืคื™ืœ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืฆืขืคืึทืœื•ื ื’ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ื–ื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ: ื“ืขืจ ืคึผื™ืจื•ืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืจื˜ 
"ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืง", ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ื™ื˜ืœ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืขืžืข, ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื–ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืŸ ื˜ืฑื˜ 
ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฐืฒึทื‘ ืื•ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ, ื“ืขืจ ืจื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ื˜ืฒึทื˜ืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืจื˜ ืื™ื– ืคึฟืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืœืŸ ืื•ืกืฆื•ื“ืจื™ืงืŸ ืึทื– ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ืื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื‘ืœืฒึทื™ื‘ืŸ ื ืึธื›ืŸ ื˜ื•ื˜ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืžืฉืคึผื—ื” -- ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืง. ื“ืึธืก ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจื˜ ืึทื–ืฑ ื™.ืง. ืึทืœืฒืŸ ืื™ืŸ 
"ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ืคื•ื ืขื ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื”ืจื’ืขื˜ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืคึผืึธืœืง", ื–ืึธื’ื ื“ื™ืง: "ืžืฒึทืŸ ื—ื ื”ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขื ืžื™ื˜ 
ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื–ื™ืŸ!/ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื—ื ื” ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก, ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ ืคึฟืึทืจืฉืœืขืคึผื˜-- / ื–ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก ื ืึธืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืฐื•ึผ ืฆื‘ื™ 
ืื™ื– ื–ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืฐื•ึผ ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ./ ื–ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก ื ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืง, ื–ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก ื ื™ื˜ ืึทื– ืื™ืš ืœืขื‘...* (ื“ืึธืจื˜, ื–ื™ 
1. 

ืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืจื•ื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึฟืึทืจืฉื˜ื•ืžืขื ื™ืฉ ื’ืขืคื™ื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ืคืขื ื™ืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ื™-ืง'ืก ืื™ื‘ืขืจืœืขื‘ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื‘ืขืชืŸ 


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ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ, ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ืœืึท-ื˜ืึธื’-- ื“ืขืจ ืคื™ื ืคื˜ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื–ืฆืงืกื˜ืŸ ืกืขืคึผื˜ืขืžื‘ืขืจ 1942 -- ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’ ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ 
ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธื ื’ืขืคืึทื ื’ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ืฐืึธืš ืคื•ืŸ ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ื™ืจื˜ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฐืึธืš ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืขื ืข ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืžื•ื–ื˜ ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืฆื• ืึท ืกืขืœืขืงืฆื™ืข, ืื•ื™ืš ื™.ืง. ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื–ื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื–ื™ื™, ื“ื™ 
ืกืขืœืขืงืฆื™ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืกื˜ืึทืคึผืึธ ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื‘ืขืœื™-ื‘ืชึผื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฐืึทืจืฉื˜ืึทื˜ืŸ, 47,791 ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ 
ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ืงื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืจืขื‘ืœื™ื ืงืข ืื•ืŸ 3,047 ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจืฉืึธืกืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืึทืกืŸ.*! ื“ืขื 14ื˜ืŸ 
ืืฑื’ื•ืกื˜ 1942 ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื™-ืง'ืก ืคืจื•ื™ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื–ื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจื˜ืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข 14 

ืื™ืŸ "ืคื ืงืก ื•ื™ื˜ืœ" ื‘ืึทืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื˜ ื™.ืง. ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจืขืกื˜ืขืจ ืงืœืึธืจืงื™ื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื ืคืึธืจื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ 
ื‘ืขืช ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื•ืžืžื™ื˜ืœื‘ืึทืจืขืจ ื˜ืจืขืคื•ื ื’ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื˜ืฑื™ื˜, ืคืึทืจ ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืš ื“ื™ ืฐืึธื›ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ. ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ 
ืฐืึทืจืคืŸ ืึทืจืฑืฃ ืึท ืฉื˜ืึทืจืงืข ืœื™ื›ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ื™ืคืขืจ ื“ืขืจืฉื™ื˜ืขืจื•ื ื’ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคืึทืจืฐืึทื ื“ืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื 
ื’ืฒื™ืกื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืงืึธื ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ืขืก ืฐืึทืงืกื˜ ืึทืจืฑืก ืึทืœืฅ ืฐืึธืก ื™.ืง. ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื ืึธื›ืŸ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ. ืขืจ ืฉืจืฒื™ื‘ื˜: 
"ื‘ื™ื–ืŸ ืึธื ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ื‘ืœืึธืงืึทื“ืข-ื˜ืขื’ {ื•ื•ืขืŸ) ื“ื™ ืืฒึทื ืฐืฑื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ-ื”ืฒึทื–ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ 
ื‘ืึทืœืึทื’ืขืจื˜-- ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื’ืขื’ืœื™ื™ื‘ื˜: ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืจ (ื ืึธืš ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึธืจื‘ืขื ืข} ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืžื™ืš ื‘ืึทื’ืœืฒื˜ืŸ ื‘ื™ื–ืŸ ืงื‘ืจ. ืื•ืŸ 
ืึธื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทืœืึทื’ืขืจื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจื›ืึทืคึผืŸ ืฆื•ื ื˜ื•ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืงืกื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืขืœืงืขืจ. ื™ืึธ, 
ืขืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขื’ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืคืึธืœืง ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื”ืจื™ื’ื”. ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืš ืึท ืชึผืงื•ืคื” ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ 
ืžืึธื ืึทื˜ืŸ ื‘ืึทืœืึทื’ืขืจื•ื ื’ ืฆื• ืขืจืฉื˜, ืื™ื– ืขืจ ืึธื ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ, ื“ืขืจ ืคื™ื ืคื˜ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’ ืื™ืŸ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืกืขืคึผื˜ืขืžื‘ืขืจ, ื“ืขืจ 
ืžื™ืœืึท-ื˜ืึธื’, ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืึธื ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ, ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ! ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜, 
ื™ืขื ืขืจ ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜, ื™ืขื ืขืจ ื”ื‘ืœ-ื”ื‘ืœื™ื ืคืึทืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืฉืจืึธืงืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขืฉื•ื•ืขื‘ื˜, ื’ืขืฉื•ื•ืขื‘ื˜ 
ืื•ื™ืฃ ืžื™ืจ... ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขืฉื•ื•ืขื‘ื˜ ืึท ื”ื‘ืœ-ื”ื‘ืœื™ื ืึธืŸ ืึทืŸ ืึธื ื”ืฒื‘ ืื•ืŸ ืึธืŸ ืึทืŸ ืขื ื“... " (ื“ืึธืจื˜, ื–ื–ื™ 198- 
9). 

ืขืก ื“ืึทืจืฃ ืึธื ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืึทื– "ืคื ืงืก ื•ื™ื˜ืœ" ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืœืขื›ืขืจ ื“ืึธืงื•ืžืขื ื˜, ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืกืš ื”ื™ื ื–ื™ื›ื˜ืŸ, 
ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ื‘ื•ืš, ื“ืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืช-- ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืึทืŸ ืึธื ืฉื˜ืจืขื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื—ื‘ืจ, ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื ืฒื™ 
ืื•ื™ืคืฆื•ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืœืขื‘ื˜. ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจื•ึผื•ื• ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืฆื™ึดืขืŸ, ืึท ื™ืึธืจ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ, ืฆื• ืึธื˜ 
ื“ืขืจ ืคืึทืจื’ืึทื ื’ืขื ื”ืฒื˜ ื•ื™ ื–ื™ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ืงืขื’ื ืฐื•ืึทืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื™ ื–ื™ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืึทืงื•ืจืึทื˜ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทื ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ 
ื‘ืขืชืŸ ืฉืจืฒื™ื‘ืŸ -- ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื˜ื™ืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืข ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ืคื•ืŸ "ืคื ืงืก ื•ื™ื˜ืœ"; ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึทื ืขืŸ ืงืฐืึทืœื˜ ืึทืจืฑืก ืื•ื™ืš 
ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜: ื“ืึธืก ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืงืกื˜ืขืจ ืชึผืงื•ืคื” ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจืฉื•ื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ 
ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขืœืขื‘ื˜ ื˜ืฒืœืฐื•ืฒึทื–, ืื™ืŸ "ืคื ืงืก ื•ื™ื˜ืœ". ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ ืจืขื“ื˜ ื“ืึธ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื ืึธืขื ื˜ืขืจ ืคืึทืจื’ืึทื ื’ืขื ื”ืฒื˜ 
ื•ื™ ื–ื™ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื ืึธืš ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึทืŸ ืื™ืฆื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜, ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืขืœ-ืคึผื ืงืก ืึท ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจืข ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ื‘ืฒึทื 
ื‘ืึทื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืŸ ื™. ืงื™ืก ื’ืขืคื™ืœืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื“ืึทื ืงืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ืื•ื™ืš ื‘ืขืชืŸ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ. ืก'ืื™ื– ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืกืคืง ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึทื– 
ื“ืขืจ ืกื˜ื™ืœ ื‘ืฒึทื ืฉืจืฒึทื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ืขื ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืขืœ-ืคึผื ืงืก ืื™ื– ืึท ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื’ืฒื™ืกื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ื‘ืึทื“ืขืจืคืขื ื™ืฉ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืฆื•ื’ืขื‘ืŸ 
ืคึผื™ื ืงื˜ืœืขืš, ืื•ื™ืฃ ื•ื•ื™ืคืœ ืก'ืื™ื– ืžืขื’ืœืขืš, ื“ื™ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืœืขื‘ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜, ื‘ืขืช ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ. 

ื‘ืขืชืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ ื™.ืง., ื•ื™ ืึทืœืข ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข, ื’ืขืœืขื‘ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืคึผืขืจืžืึทื ืขื ื˜ืขืจ ืกื›ึผื ื”. ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธื ื’ืขืคืึทื ื’ืขืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข "ื”ื—ืœื•ืฅ"-ืคืจืฒึทื ื“ ื’ืœืฒึทืš ื’ืขืฉืึทืคืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื™ื ืคืึทืœืฉืข ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืก- 
ื“ืึธืงื•ืžืขื ื˜ืŸ, ืึทืœืก ืึทืŸ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืฉืึธืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉืŸ ืคืึทื‘ืจื™ืงืึทื ื˜ ื”ืึทืœืžืึทืŸ. ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืื™ื 
ื’ืขืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื•ื™ ืึทืŸ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืขืจ ื‘ืฒึทื™ื ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉืŸ ืคึผืึทื‘ืจื™ืงืึทื ื˜ ืคืจื™ืฅ ืฉื•ืœืฅ. ืึท ืฐืึธืš ื ืึธื›ืŸ ืึธื ืคึผืึทื ื’ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ, ื“ืขื 30ื˜ืŸ ื™ื•ืœื™/1ื˜ืŸ ืืฑื’ื•ืกื˜, ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจื˜ืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืึทืกืŸ ื ืึธืฐืึธืœื™ืคึผื™ืข, 
ื ืึธืฐืึธืœื™ืคึผืงื™ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื›ื ื™ืฉืข ื’ืึทืกืŸ,?*' ื™ื™ืง. ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืžื•ื–ื˜ ืคืึทืจืœืึธื–ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื“ื™ืจื” ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ื•ื™ ืึทืŸ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืขืจ ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจ 
ื•ื•ื•ื™ื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฐื•ื™ื ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื•ืœืฆืขืก ืฉืึธืคึผ ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืœืข ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืขืจ, ืื•ื™ืฃ ื ืึธืฐืึธืœื™ืคื™ืข 14*,80 

ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื ืข ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ-ื˜ืขื’, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจื˜ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืขื ื’ื•ืจืœ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ื•ืจืœ 


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ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืึธืขื ื˜ืกื˜ืข, ื”ืึธื˜ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจื•ื•ืขื ื™ืจื˜ ื‘ืฒึทื ืžืžืœื-ืžืงื•ื ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืฉืขืจื ื™ืึทืงืึธื•ื•ืŸ, ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช 
ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืงืึธืœืขื’ืŸ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ, ืœืขืจืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจ-- ื–ื•ื›ื ื“ื™ืง ืฆื• ืคืึทืจื–ื™ื›ืขืจืŸ ื–ื™ ื–ืึธืœืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข ื ื™ืฉื˜ 
ืคืึทืจื˜ืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ. ืื•ื™ืฃ ื•ื™ ืคื™ืœ ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืึท ื“ืจืึทื ื’ ืฆื• ืจืึทื˜ืขืฐืขืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทืงืึทื ื˜ืข, ืžืขืจ 
ื•ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข ืื•ื™ืกืจืขื›ืขื ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืขื“ื•ืช ื“ืึธืก ืฐืึธืก ื™.ืง. ืึทืœืฒืŸ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืื™ืŸ ืคื ืงืก 
ื•ื™ื˜ืœ: "..ืื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื–ืฉื•ืจื ืึทืœื™ืกื˜ ื›ื™ืœื™ื ืึธืฐื•ื™ื˜ืฉ, ื“ืึทื›ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืฆื™ ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืึทืฐื–ืขืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ "ื”ืฒึทื ื˜"- 
ืจืขื“ืึทืงื˜ืึธืจืŸ, ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ืจืขื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืฐื™ืขืœื™ืงืึธื•ื•ืกืงื™ืŸ, ื˜ืฉืขืจื ื™ืึทืงืึธื•ื•ืก ื’ืขื”ื™ืœืฃ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงื”ื™ืœื”, ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฉื•ืจื ืึทืœื™ืกื˜ืŸ, ื“ื™ ืœืขืจืขืจ, ื“ื™ ืžืึธืœืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืžื•ื–ื™ืงืขืจ, ื–ื™ ืคืึทืจื”ื™ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื–, ื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ ื–ื™ 
ืฆื• ืึท ื–ื™ื›ืขืจืŸ ืึธืจื˜... ืฐืขืœื™ืงืึธื•ื•ืกืงื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื˜... ื ืึธืจ ืคึผืึทืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื“ืจื™ื™ ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืขืจ ืคึฟื•ืŸ (ึทื’ืจื•ื™ืก} ื•ื•ืขืจื˜, ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืขืจ ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜, ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื˜ืึธืŸ {ืขืคึผืขืกืŸ... ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ื ืคืึทืจืœืึธื–ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืงืึทืœื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ึทื™-ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜... ืก'ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜: 
ื“ืจืฒึท ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–, ื ืึธืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™, ื“ืจืฒึทื™... ืžื™ืจ ื–ืึธืœืŸ ืื™ื ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืึท ืœื™ืกื˜ืข, ื•ื•ืขืžืขืŸ ืงืœืฒึทื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืก ืฆื•ื ืœืขื‘ืŸ... ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข, ื“ื™ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข-- ืฆื•ื ื˜ื•ื˜ ื–ืึธืœืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืึธืคึผื’ืขื˜ืฒืœื˜ ืฐืขืจืŸ..." (ื“ืึธืจื˜, ื–ื™ 181). 

ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ืœืึทื“ื˜ืึธื’ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืœืขืฆื˜ืขืจ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ-ืฐืึธืš, ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ื’ืจืขื ืขืฅ ื‘ื™ื– ืฆื• 
ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ืขืก ื“ืขืจื’ืฒื˜ ื™.ืง'ืก ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืจื™ืฉืข ืจืขืึทืงืฆื™ืข. ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ, ื”ืึธื˜ ื™.ืง. ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื‘ืึทื•ืฑื–ืŸ ืฆื• ืคื™ืœ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืฉืจืฒึทื™ื‘ืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขื ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืฆื™ึดืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฐืฒื™ื˜ืขืจื“ื™ืงืŸ ืฉืึทืคืŸ -- ืึทืคื™ืœื• ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ ื“ื™ ื’ืึทื ืฆืข ืฆืฒึทื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ 
ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฆื™ืœ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึทืœืฅ ื’ืขืคืœืฒึทืกื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจื’ืจื™ื™ื›ืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœืข ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืฉืจื™ืคื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ, 
ื ืึธื›ืŸ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ, ื‘ืึทืจื™ืจื˜ ืขืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ื™ ืžื™ืœืึท-ื˜ืขื’, ืื•ืŸ ืึทืคื™ืœื• ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืฉืจื™ืคื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฐื™ื˜ืขืœ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ืึธืจืŸ 1944-1943 
ื‘ืึทืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื˜ ืขืจ ื›ึผืžืขื˜ ื•ื™ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ื“ื™ืจืงืขื˜ืขืจ ืขื“ื•ืช. ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืขืœ 
ืคึผื ืงืก ืขื ื“ื™ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ื›ืจืึธื ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืฉ, ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ืขืจื‘ ื“ืขื ืžื™ืœืึท-ื˜ืึธื’, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ "ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ืคื•ื ืขื 
ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื”ืจื’ืขื˜ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืึธืœืง" ืžืฒึทื“ื˜ ื™.ืง. ื›ึผืžืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฆืŸ ืื•ื™ืก ืึท ืฆื• ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ืข ื‘ืึทืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึทืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ. ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจืง "ื“ื™ ืžื™ืœืึทื’ืึทืก" ืคืึทืจืขื ื“ื™ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ: "ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ - ืึธ, ืœืึธื–ื˜ 
ืžื™ืš, ืคืจืขื’ื˜ ืžื™ืš ื ื™ืฉื˜, ื ื™ื˜ ืคืจืขื’ื˜ ืžื™ืš -- ืฐืึธืก? ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืŸ? ื ื™ื˜ ืคืจืขื’ื˜ ืžื™ืš ืฐื•ึผ?/ ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื‘ืึทืฉืฐืฑื™ืจืŸ ืืฒึทืš: 
ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึธืจืฉืŸ ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื”ืขืจืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžื™ืœืึทื™ื’ืึทืกืฒ 149 

ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืฅ ืฐืึธืก ื™.ืง. ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื˜ ืื™ืŸ "ืคื ืงืก ื•ื™ื˜ืœ" ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ-ื™ืึธืจืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ 
ืžืขืจ ืคืึทืจ ืึทืœืฅ ื‘ืึทืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืกืขืคึผื˜ืขืžื‘ืขืจ ืขืจื‘ ื“ืขื ืžื™ืœืึท-ื˜ืึธื’.??: ื“ื™ ืื•ืžื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืœืขื›ืข ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ืฆืึธืœ 
ืคึผืจื˜ื™ื ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ืึธื’, ื•ื•ืขืžืขื ืก ื’ืœืฒื™ื›ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ ืžืขืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœืข ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข ื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ ืคื•ืŸ 
"ืคื ืงืก ื•ื™ื˜ืœ", ื”ืึธื˜ ืึท ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจ ื–ื™ืš ืฐืฒึทืœ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ ืื™ืŸ 
ื™.ืง'ืก ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ. ืขืก ื“ืึทื›ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ื™.ืง. ืื™ื– ืึทืจืฑืก ื“ืึธ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืึธื ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขื ืข ืจืึทืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื‘ืึทืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœืข ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข ื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผื ืงืก, ื”ืึธื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ ืฐืึธืก ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ 
ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืš ืคื•ืŸ 4ื˜ืŸ ืกืขืคึผื˜ืขืžื‘ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืžืขืจ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืคืึทืงื˜ ืฐืึธืก ื“ืขืจ 
ืžื™ืœืึท-ื˜ืึธื’ ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจ ืื™ื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ื‘ื™ื–ืŸ ืœืขืฆื˜ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ -- ืึทืŸ ืื•ืžื‘ืึทืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืœืขื›ืข ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉ, ืึท 
ื‘ืึทืจื™ืขืจืข ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ื•ืžืขื ื™ืฉ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืœืฒึทื›ืฆืฒึทื˜ื™ืง ืื•ื™ืš ื“ื™ ื’ืจืขื ืขืฅ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืงืœืึธืจืงืฒื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืžืฉื•ื’ืขืช. ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ 
ื“ืขื ืจืขื“ื˜ ื™.ืง. ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉืข ืฐืขืจื˜ืขืจ, ื“ืขื 20ื˜ืŸ ืืฑื’ื•ืกื˜ 1943: "...ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืคึผืจื™ืžืึธืจื’ืŸ ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ 
ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืžื™ืœืึท... ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืจืึธื’ ืžื™ืœืึทื“ื–ืึทืžืขื ื”ืึธืฃ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืฆืขืฉื™ื™ื“ื˜. ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื ื˜ื•ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื™ืขื ืข, ื ืึธืš ืึท 
ืคึผืึธืจ ื˜ืขื’ ืฆื™ ืฐืึธื›ืŸ ืฆื•ื ืœืขื‘ืŸ... ื“ืึธืก ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืžื™ืœืึท-ื˜ืึธื’ ืฐืขืœ ืื™ืš ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœืŸ... ืื™ืš 
ื”ืึธื‘ ืžื•ืจื ืึทื– ื›'ื•ื•ืขืœ ืžืฉื•ื’ืข ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ. ื“ืึธืก ืฐืึธืก ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื ืึธืš ืึท ืžืึธืœ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึทืจืฑืกื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ 
ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทืœื“ ืึท ื™ืึธืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืš ื˜ื™ืฃ ืคืึทืจื’ ืจืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฆืŸ, ืคืึทืจื‘ืึธืจื’ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืข ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ, ื“ืึธืก 
ืื™ื– (ื“ืึธืจื˜} ื‘ืึทื’ืจืึธื‘ืŸ ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฉื’ืขื•ืŸ. ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ ืขืก ื•ื ื™ื˜} ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ืึทืจืคื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ. ื˜ืึธืžืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืง ืื™ืš 
ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ื‘ื™ื ื˜ืœ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื˜ื™ืฃ ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืึทื’ืจืึธื‘ืŸ ืฐืขื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืขืจ ืžืฉื•ื’ืขืช ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืคืœื•ื™ืคืŸ, ืขืจ ืฐื•ืขื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืžื•ื— 


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ืคืึทืจื˜ื•ื ืงืœืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืฉืœืึธื’ืŸ ืžืฒึทื™ืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฅ... *!*! ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ื•ืžืขื ื™ืฉ ื‘ืขืช ืขืก ืงื•ืžื˜ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžื™ืœืึท- 
ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉืŸ, ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื™.ืง. ืึท ืคึผืึธืจ ืžืึธืœ, ืœืžืฉืœ -- ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื’ืขืฉืคึผืจืขืš ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืึทื ื˜ืึทื–ื™ืข ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ื“ืขืจืžืึธืจื“ืขื˜ืขืจ ืคืจื•ื™ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื™ื ืข ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืคึผืึทืจืฉืœืขืคึผื˜ืข ื–ื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื ื˜ืฑื™ื˜, ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืขืจ: "ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ ืืฒึทืš ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœืŸ ื“ื™ 
ื’ืจื•ื™ืœืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคื™ื ืคื˜ืŸ ืกืขืคึผื˜ืขืžื‘ืขืจ ืฉื ืช ืชืฉ"ื‘, ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ืœืึท ื’ืึทืก... ื“ื™ ืžื™ืœืึท ื’ืึทืก! ืžื™ืœืึท-- ืฐื•ึผ ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืฆื• 
/ื”ื•ื™ืคื ืก, ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคื’ืขืคึผืจืขืกื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืขืฉื˜ืœืขืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ, ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜... ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ 
ืืฒึทืš ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ืœืึท ื’ืึทืก, ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ ืืฒึทื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœืŸ ืึทืคื™ืœื• ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผื™ืฆืœ ืฉืžืฅ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 
ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ืœืึท ื’ืึทืก (ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืขืก ื–ืฒึทืŸ} ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฐืฒึทืœ ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜, ื ืึธืจ ืฐืฒึทืœ ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขืงืขื ื˜" (ื“ืึธืจื˜, 
ื–ื™ 195). 

ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื”ืฉืขืจื” ืื™ื–, ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ืกื“ืจื•ืง-ืงืจืึทืคื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื›ึผื•ื— ืคื•ืŸ ื™.-ืง'ืก ื•ื•ื™ื™ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืฉืจื™ืคื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื ืึธื›ืŸ 12ื˜ืŸ ืกืขืคึผื˜ืขืžื‘ืขืจ 1942, ืฐืึธืจืฆืœื˜ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืคึผืขืจื–ืขื ืœืขื›ืข ืื™ื‘ืขืจืœืขื‘ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื–ืขืขื ืข ื’ืจื•ื™ืœืŸ 
ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืœืขืฆื˜ืขืจ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ-ืฐืึธืš. ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืฉืจื™ืคื˜ืŸ ืจืขืึทื’ื™ืจื˜ ืขืจ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜. ื“ืขื ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืขืœ-ืคึผื ืงืก 
ืคืึทืจืขื ื“ื™ืงื˜ ืขืจ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ ื“ืขื 16ื˜ืŸ ืกืขืคึผื˜ืขืžื‘ืขืจ 1943, ื–ืขืงืก ืื•ืŸ ืึท ื”ืึทืœื‘ ืžืึธื ืึทื˜ืŸ ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืขืจ ืื™ื– 
ื“ืขืจืžืึธืจื“ืขื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ -- ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ: "ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื”ืึธื‘ ื“ืึธ, ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ืขื ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืกื•ืฃ 
ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœืŸ, ื ืึธืจ ื“ืขื ืกื•ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘;'ื“ื™ ืขื ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื–ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ 1942, ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื ื™ื˜ืขื ืขื 
ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคื™ืจ ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ, ืคื™ืจ ื—ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ื™ื–ืŸ ืœืขืฆื˜ืŸ ืคืึทืจื˜ื™ืœื™ืงื˜ 
! ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื‘ื™ื–ืŸ ืกื•ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขื ื–ื•ืžืขืจ, ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืžื™ืœืึท-ื˜ืึธื’, ื•ื•ื™ื™ ืžื™ืจ!" (ื“ืึธืจื˜, ื–ื™ 204). 
ืœื•ื˜ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ, ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื’ืึทื ืฆืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืขืœ-ืคึผื ืงืก ืžืึธื˜ื™ื•ื•ื™ืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื“ืจืึทื ื’ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžื™ืœืึทื“ื˜ืขื’. 
ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ ืื™ื– ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืฆื• ื“ืขื ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ืขืจื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ, ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืื™ืŸ "ืคื ืงืก ื•ื™ื˜ืœ" ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื›ึผืžืขื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืื™ืŸ 
"ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ืคื•ื ืขื ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื”ืจื’ืขื˜ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืึธืœืง" ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ. 

ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ืึทืจืฑืกื–ืึธื’ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืžื™ืœืึท-ื˜ืึธื’ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืึธืจื˜ ืฐืึธืก ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืœืขืฆื˜ืขืจ 
ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ-ืฐืึธืš ืคืึทืจื ืขืžื˜ ืื™ืŸ "ืคื ืงืก ื˜ืœ" ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ "ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ืคื•ื ืขื ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื”ืจื’ืขื˜ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืึธืœืง", ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืึท 
ื‘ืึทืฐืฒึทื– ืึทื– ื“ืขืจ ืืฑื™ืกืœืึธื– ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืœืขืจ ืจืขืึทืงืฆื™ืข ืฆื•ื ืžื™ืœืึท-ื˜ืึธื’ -- ืื™ื– ืึท ืคืึทืจื˜ื™ื™ื“ื™ืงื•ื ื’ืก- 
ืžื™ื˜ืœ ืฐืึธืก ื“ืขืจืžืขื’ืœืขื›ื˜ ืื™ื ืื™ื‘ืขืจืฆื•ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืขืจื™ืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ืคืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื ืฉืžื” ืฆืขืขืคื ื˜ืข ืึธืคึผื’ืจื•ื ื˜ืŸ 
ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื‘ืขืช ืขืจ, ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื–ื•ืŸ ืฆื‘ื™ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืจืขืฉื˜ืœ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ- 
ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ -- ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืึทืฐื•ืขืงื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืš ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืฐืึธืš ืื•ื™ื’ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื•ื™ื’ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื˜ื•ื™ื˜, ืึทืŸ ืืฑืกื’ืขื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš 
ื“ื™ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉืŸ. ื“ื™ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜-ืขื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื“ื•ืจืš ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ืึทืŸ ืึทื“ื•ืจืš ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจ ื–ื™ื™ ืžืŸ-ื”ืกืชึผื ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ืกืš 
ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื˜ ืึทืœืฒืŸ, ืฐืฒึทืœ ื–ืฒื™ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืึทืœืข ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื–ืขืœื‘ืŸ ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืึธื˜ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืœืขื‘ื˜ ื˜ืึธื’-ื˜ืขื’ืœืขืš ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืขื ื˜ื•ื˜ ื‘ืฉืขืช ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื“ืขืจืžืึธืจื“ืขื˜, ืฆื™ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ืงื˜ 
ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืจืขื‘ืœื™ื ืงืข. ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ืžื•ืจื ืคืึทืจืŸ ืžืฉื•ื’ืขืช ืื™ื– ืคึผืึทืจืึทื“ืึธืกืงืึทืœ ืึท ืกื™ืžืŸ ืžื•ื‘ื”ืง ืคืึทืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ืงืœืึธืจืงืฒื˜. ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืึธืคึผื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืขืจืขืจ ื‘ืึทืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขื’ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืžื™ืœืึท ืคืึทืจืฐืึทื ื“ืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึทื–ืฑ 
ืึทืจื•ื ืคืึทืจ ืื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืจืขื˜ื•ื ื’. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืœื™ื›ื˜ ืงืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ื•ืžืขื ื™ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ื•ืžื˜ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืึทืคืŸ 
ื‘ืึทื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื•ื™ ืึท ื ื•ื™ื˜ื™ืงืข ืกื˜ืึทื“ื™ืข ื‘ืขืช ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื•ื™ืคื‘ื•ื™ืขืŸ ืึท ืงืœืึธืจืข ื‘ืึทื–ื™ื ื˜ืข ืจืขืึทืงืฆื™ืข ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืœืขืฆื˜ืข 
ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ืฐืขืจืง, ืฆื• ืึท ื•ื•ื™ืจืงืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืึทืœืฒืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทื–ื™ื ืขืŸ. 

ื“ืขืจ ืกื•ื’ืขืกื˜ื™ื•ื•ืขืจ ื›ึผื•ื— ืคื•ืŸ ื™-ืง'ืก ื•ื•ื™ื™ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื™ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืึทื‘ืกืึธืจื‘ื™ืจื ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืก ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืฆื• 
ื‘ืึทืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ื’ืฒึทืกื˜ื™ืงืข ื’ื‘ื•ืจื”, ื‘ืžืฉืš ืคื•ืŸ ืœืขืฆื˜ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขื ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื™ื˜ืขืœ -- ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ 
ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ ื•ื™ ืึท ืคึผืจื•ึผื•ื• ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื ืฒึท ืฆื• ืคืึธืจืžื•ืœื™ืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ืื•ื™ืคืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ื—ื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ืฆืขืฉื˜ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ื’ืขื“ืึทื ืงืขืŸ- ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืคื™ืœืŸ-ื•ื•ืขืœื˜, ืึท ื–ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืขืจืŸ ื‘ืึทื˜ืฒึทื˜ ืคืึทืจืŸ ืฆืฐื•ืขืงืœืึธื–ืŸ ื˜ื•ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ืคืึธืœืง, ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืก ืึทืŸ ืึธื ืฉื˜ืจืขื ื’ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทื’ืจืฒึทืคืŸ ืึท ืžืขื’ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืŸ 


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ืขืงื–ื™ืกื˜ื™ืจื ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคื˜ ืคืึทืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืงื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืฐื•ืฒึทื˜ืขืจ.?*! ื ืึธืจ ืึทื–ืฑ ื”ืึธื˜ ื™ื™ืง. ื’ืขืจืึทื˜ืขืฐืขื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ื‘ืึทื“ืจืึธื˜ืŸ ื’ืฒึทืกื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื’ืœืฒึทื›ื’ืขืฐื™ื›ื˜: ืึทื ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืจืฒื™ื“ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจื˜ื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืœืขื‘ื˜ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืœ, 
ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืฐืขืจืง ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทืœื˜ื™ืงื˜ ืึทืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืœืขืงื˜ื•ืขืœืŸ ื’ืฐืึทืœื“ื™ืงืŸ 
ืึธื ืฉื˜ืจืขื ื’ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทื–ื™ื ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื›ึผืœื•ืžืจืฉื˜ ื–ื™ื ืœืึธื–ืข.'*! ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืžื•ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคืึทืจืžืึธืกื˜ืŸ 
ืื™ื ืขืจืœืขืš ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืคืึทืงื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืึธืœืงืก ืคืึทืจื ื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’, ืฉื˜ืขืœื ื“ื™ืง ื–ื™ืš ืึทื ื˜ืฉืœืึธืกืŸ ืึทื ื˜ืงืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคึผืœืึทื ื™ืจื˜ืŸ 
ืžืึทืกื ืžืึธืจื“-- ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื›ึผื•ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืœื™ื“, ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืึธืคืขื ื•ื ื’ ืึทื– ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื›ึผื•ื— ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืึธืขื–ื™ืข, ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืึทืคืขืจื™ืฉืงืฒื˜ ืื•ืŸ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืฒืกื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื“ื•ื™ืขืจ ืฐืขื˜ ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคื˜ ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ืŸ ืฐื™ ืึท ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืึธืคึผืคืจืขื’ ืคืึทืจืŸ ื ืึทืฆื™ืฉืŸ 
ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ื™ืจื˜ืŸ ืคึผืจื•ึผื•ื• ืึธืคึผืฆื•ึผืฐื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ื–ื›ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืงื™ื™ื˜. ื™-ืง'ืก ืฉืึทืคืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื™ืึธืจ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืขื“ื•ืช ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืื•ื™ืฃ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข ืื•ืคื ื™ื. ืึทืŸ ืึทื ืึทืœื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื™-ืง'ืก ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืจื™ืฉืข ื“ืขืจื’ืจื™ื™ื›ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืŸ ื‘ืึทื˜ืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ื›ึผืชื‘ื™ื ื’ืขืฉืึทืคืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ 1942 ืื•ืŸ 1944, ืื™ื– ืขืก - 
ื‘ื›ึผื•ื— ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืฐืฒึทื–ืŸ. 

ื•ื™ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜, ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืฐืฒื™ื ื™ืง ืื™ื– ื‘ืึทืฐื•ึผืกื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื™-ืงื™ืก ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื‘ืขืชืŸ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ. ื“ื™ ืคึผืึทืœืฉืข ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืก-ืคึผืึทืคึผื™ืจืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ 
ืคืึทืจ ืื™ื ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข "ื”ื—ืœื•ืฅ"-ืคืจืฒึทื ื“, ืฐืฒึทืœ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืึธื ืคืึทื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ ืื™ื– ื™-ืง'ืก ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ื’ื•ืจืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฆืขืจ ืžืฉืคึผื—ื” ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื‘ื™ื– ื’ืึธืจ ืื•ืžื–ื™ื›ืขืจ-- ื™.ืง. ืื™ื– ื‘ื™ื– ื“ืึทืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ืึทืฉืขืคื˜ื™ืงื˜ 
ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ืฐืึทืจืฉื˜ืึทื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ. ื–ืฒึทื™ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืึท ืœืขื’ืึทืœืขืจ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืขืจ ื‘ืฒึทื ื“ืฒึทื™ื˜ืฉืŸ ืคืึทื‘ืจื™ืงืึทื ื˜ 
ืคืจื™ืฅ ืฉื•ืœืฅ, ื”ืึธื˜ ื™.ืง. ืคืึธืจื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืฆื• ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื ืึธื›ืŸ 12ื˜ืŸ ืกืขืคึผื˜ืขืžื‘ืขืจ 1942, ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ 
ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ (ืื™ืŸ ื™ืึทื ื•ืืจ 1943) 154 

ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ-ื˜ืขื’ ื‘ืึทืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื˜ ื™.ืง. ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœื’ืขืžืฒืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธื ื’ืขืœืึธื“ืขื ืข ื•ื•ืขื’ืขื ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจืฐืึทืงืกืขื ืข-- ืื™ืŸ "ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ืคื•ื ืขื ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื”ืจื’ืขื˜ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืึธืœืง"; ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ืขืจ ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ 
ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ, ืขืจ ื”ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืฆื• ืคื™ืœ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืจื˜ื™ื.**! ืคึผืจื˜ื™ื ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜, ืœืžืฉืœ, ื™ืฆื—ืง 
ืฆื•ืงืขืจืžืึทืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืจืึธื“ ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ื‘ื™ืœื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืขืŸ ื‘ืขืชืŸ ืึธื ืคืึทื ื’ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ: "ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขืืฒึทื™ืœื˜ ืฆื• ื™.ืง. ... ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื ืึธืฐืึธืœื™ืคึผืงื™ ื’ืึทืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคืึทืจ ืžื™ืจ ืึทื ื˜ืคึผืœืขืงื˜ ืึท 
ืฉืจืขืงืœืขืš ื‘ื™ืœื“: ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืฐืึธื’ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืืฒึทื ื’ืขืฉืคึผืึทื ื˜ืข ืคืขืจื“ ืคื™ืจื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ื–ื™ ืฆื• ื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ 
ื˜ืจืขื‘ืœื™ื ืงืข. ืึธื˜ ืื™ื– ืึท ื™ื•ื ื’ืข ืคืจื•ื™, ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ืจ ื”ืึทื ื˜ ืึทืŸ ืขื•ืคืขืœืข, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืึทืฆื™ืก ืฉืœืึธื’ืŸ ื–ื™, ืฉืœืขืคึผืŸ ื–ื™ ืคืึทืจ ื“ื™ 
ื”ืึธืจ, ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ ืจื™ืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ืฉื˜, ืงืขืžืคื˜ ื•ื™ ืึท ืœื™ื™ื‘ื™ื›ืข. ื ืึธืจ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืึธืœื™ืฆื™ืึทื ื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืขืฆื”, ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื‘ืึทืคืฑืœืŸ ืึธืคึผืœืึธื–ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืจื•ื™, ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคึผืœื•ืฆื™ื ืึท ื›ืึทืคึผ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืงื™ื ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจืข ื”ืขื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื ืึทืจืฒึทื ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ 
ืฐืึธื’ืŸ. ื‘ืึทืœื“ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืคืจื•ื™ ื ืึธื›ื’ืขืœืึธืคืŸ ืื™ืจ ืงื™ื ื“ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึธื’ืŸ ืึทืจืฒึทึทืŸ -- ืฆื•ื ื˜ื•ื™ื˜. ืคืึทืจื˜ืึทืžืœื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ืขื–ืขืขื ืขื 
ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ ืฆื• ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ื– ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื‘ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืจื•ืคื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ืฆื• ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ืคืจื•ื™: ืžืข ื“ืึทืจืฃ ืžืขืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฐืึทืจื˜ืŸ, ืžืข ื˜ืึธืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืœืขื‘ืŸ, ืœืึธืžื™ืจ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึทืก ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฆืŸ ืคืึธืœืง!' ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ื 
ื’ืขืžื•ื ื˜ืขืจื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื˜ื•ืœื™ืขื˜ ืฆื• ืžื™ืจ ื•ื™ ืึท ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“. ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ื ื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ืึท ืฐื™ื™ื ืขื ื“ื™ืงืŸ. ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ 
ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื’ืขืคึฟื•ื ืขืŸ ืึทืŸ ืึธืคึผืงืœืึทื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฐืึธืก ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื’ืึทืก, ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ืคื•ื ืขื 
ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื”ืจื’ืขื˜ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืึธืœืœื™ 155 

ื‘ืžืฉืš ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืืฑื’ื•ืกื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื™.ืง. ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืฉื˜ื— ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื•ืœืฆืขืก ืฉืึธืคึผ, ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฆืŸ 
ืึธืคึผื’ืขื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืคืจืฒื™ื ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืจื•ืจ-ื”ื—ืœื•ืฅ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆืขื ื˜ืจืึทืœืขืจ 
ื’ืขื˜ืึธ 157 

ื‘ืขืช ื“ื™ ืคื™ืจ ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ื™ื‘ืขื˜ืขืจ ืชืงื•ืคื”, ืฆืฐื•ื™ืฉืŸ 13ื˜ืŸ ืกืขืคึผื˜ืขืžื‘ืขืจ 1942 ื‘ื™ื–ืŸ 17ื˜ืŸ ื™ืึทื ื•ืึทืจ 1943, 
ืื™ื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ื™.ืง. ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืึทืœืฅ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืขืจ ื“ื™ ืฆืขืฉื™ื™ื“ื•ื ื’, ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืฒึทืŸ ืึท ืคึผืึธืจ ืžืึธืœ ืื•ืŸ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ 
ืฆืขื ื˜ืจืึทืœืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ื–ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืคืจื™ื™ื ื“, **! ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื˜ ืื™ื– ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ (ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื–ื•ื ืก) ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ 


82 


ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืจ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ื ื“ื™ืง ืคืึทืจ ื“ื™ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขืงืขื ื˜ ื›ึผืœื•ืžืจืฉื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคืึทืจื–ื™ื›ืขืจืŸ ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ื–ื•ืŸ-- ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ืงื•ืจืฆืขืจ ืฆืฒื™ื˜; ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื™.ืง. ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜-- ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืชึผืงื•ืคื” ืคื•ืŸ ื ืึธื›ืŸ 
ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ -- ืึธืคึผื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืžื™ื˜ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ, ื“ื™ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืฒึท ืื™ื ืฆื•ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืจืขืกื˜ืข ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ื‘ืขืกื˜ืข ื›ึผื•ื—ื•ืช.?*! ื‘ืžืฉืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคื™ืจ ืžืึธื ืึทื˜ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื™.ืง. ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ื’ืขืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ื‘ืฒึท ืฉื•ืœืฆืŸ,?*?: ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ื•ื•ืขืŸ 
ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืข ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืคืึธืจ ืื™ืŸ ืึธืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ืขืก ืฐืึธืก ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืงืึทืžืคืก-ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ืึทืฆื™ืข ืคืึทืจื ืขืžื˜ 
ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ-- ืกืฒึท ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ ืฆืึธืœ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืฐืึธืก ืฐืึทืงืกื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืกืฒึท ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึทื ื“ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคื˜ืœืขื›ืขืจ ื‘ืึทื–ืข ืคืึทืจ ืื™ืจืข ืึทืงื˜ื™ืฐืฑื˜ืขื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืœืขื’ื™ื˜ื™ืžืึทืฆื™ืข. ืื•ื™ืš ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ืœืฃ ืฐืึธืก ื“ื™ 
ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ืึทืฆื™ืข ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ, ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกืขืจ ืื™ื.!*' ื“ื™ ืขื™ืงืจื“ื™ืงืข ืงืึทื ืฆืขื ื˜ืจื™ืจ-ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืขืžืคืขืจ ืื™ืŸ 
ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฆืขื ื˜ืจืึทืœืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ; ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆืขื ื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ "ื“ืจื•ืจ", ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ 
ื–ืึทืžืขื ื”ืึธืฃ ื’ืึทืก. ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืื™ืŸ "ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืงื˜ื™ื•ืŸ" ื’ืขื˜ืึธ, 
ืึธืคึผื’ืขื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™. ืึทื–ืฑ ืฐื™ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืชึผืงื•ืคื” ืคื•ืŸ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ, ืึทื–ืฑ ืื•ื™ืš ื ืึธืš ืื™ื, ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ื™.ืง. ื–ื™ืš ืคืึทืจื’ื ื‘ืขื ืขืŸ 
ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ืคึผืึทืจื‘ืึธื˜ืขื ืข ื’ืึทืกืŸ, ืฆื• ืžืึธืœ ืึธืŸ ืึท ื“ืขืจืœืฑื™ื‘ืขื ื™ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืคึผืจืฒึทื ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืจื•ืจ-ื”ื—ืœื•ืฅ, ืื•ื™ืฃ 
ื–ืึทืžืขื ื”ืึธืฃ 56, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื˜ืŸ ื“ื–ื™ืขืœื ืึท 34 - ื“ืขื ืึธืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืจื•ืจ-ื”ื—ืœื•ืฅ ืงืึธืžื•ื ืข ืคืึทืจืŸ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ 152 
ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื›ึผืžืขื˜ ื”ืึทืœื‘ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ ืฐืึธืก ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืกื•ืฃ ื™ื•ืœื™ 1942 ื‘ื™ื–ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื™ืึทื ื•ืึทืจ 1943 ื”ืึธื˜ ื™.ืง. ื–ื™ืš ืฐืฒื™ื ื™ืง ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ 
ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืคืจืฒึทื ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืจื•ืจ-ื”ื—ืœื•ืฅ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืฆื™ื“ื™ืจื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ืžืึธืžืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืงืึทืžืคืก-ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ืึทืฆื™ืข, ื‘ืขืชืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืฉื˜ืึทื ื“-- ื“ืขื 18ื˜ืŸ ื™ืึทื ื•ืึทืจ 1943 ืื•ืŸ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ -- ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ 
ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืกืึทืžืข ืฆืขื ื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉืŸ. ืฐื™ ืึท ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ืขืจ ืขื“ื•ืช ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทืฐืึธืคึผื ื˜ืŸ ืงืึทืžืฃ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ 
ื“ืฒื™ื˜ืฉืŸ. : 

ื“ืขื 17ื˜ืŸ ื™ืึทื ื•ืึทืจ ืื™ื– ื™ื™ืง. ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ื™ืฆื—ืง ืฆื•ืงืขืจืžืึทื ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื‘ื™ื” ืœื•ื‘ืขื˜ืงื™ื ืขืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ 
ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืึท ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ืคึผืึธืขืžืข ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ, ื•ื™ ืขืก ืฐืฒึทื–ื˜ ืื•ื™ืก-- "ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืจืึทื“ื–ื™ื ืขืจ" -- ืื•ืŸ 
ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืงืœืขืจื˜ ืึทื– ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ืœ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืคึผื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ื ืึธืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืฉืจืฒึทื™ื‘ืŸ, ืึทื– ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืคืึทืจืœืึธื–ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฉืึธืคึผ ืื•ืŸ 
ืขื ื“ื’ื™ืœื˜ื™ืง ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฆืขื ื˜ืจืึทืœืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ื ืข ืคืจื™ื™ื ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืจื•ืจ-ื”ื—ืœื•ืฅ.**! ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื ืข ื˜ืขื’ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื™.ืง. 
ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทื–ื™ื ื’ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื”ืจื’ืขื˜ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืึธืœืง. ื–ืฒึทืขื ื“ื™ืง ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฐืึธืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื™ืึธ ืฆื™ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ืขืจืฉืึธืกืŸ 
ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึทืก, ืื•ืŸ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื™ืึธ ืฆื™ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ืงื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืจืขื‘ืœื™ื ืงืข, ืฆืฒึทื˜ื™ืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื ืึท ื’ืขืคื™ืœ ืื•ืŸ ืึท 
ื“ืขืจืงืขื ื˜ืขื ื™ืฉ ืึทื– ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืื™ื, ื ืึธืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืึธืœืง, ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืฆืฒึทื˜ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืฒื™ื˜ืฉืŸ ืคึผืœืึทื ื™ืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคื™ืจืŸ 
ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจื ื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืข ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืืฒื™ืจืึธืคึผืข. ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืคืึทืจ ืึท ื–ื™ื›ืขืจืŸ ื˜ืฑื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ื ืึธืจ 
ืฉืจืฒื™ื‘ืŸ. ื“ื™ ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื‘ืึทืฐืฑื’ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ื•ื•ืขื ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึทื–ืึท ืฐื•ึผื ื˜ืฉ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื“ืขื 17ื˜ืŸ ื™ืึทื ื•ืึทืจ 1943 ืฆื• 
ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืคืจืฒื™ื ื“, ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืขืจื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื–ื•ืŸ ืฆื‘ื™, ืึท ืžื™ื˜ื’ืœื™ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืงืึทืžืคืก-ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ืึทืฆื™ืข, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื˜ืึธื’ ืคืจื™ึดืขืจ ืึทืจืขืกื˜ื™ืจื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื‘ืขืช ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ 
ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืช ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืงืึทืžืคืก-ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ืึทืฆื™ืข ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ืึท ื‘ืึทืฐืึธืคึผื ื˜ืŸ ืึธื ืคืึทืœ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ื™ื ืขื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืฉื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ืฒึท ืฉื•ืœืฆืŸ, ื‘ืฒึท ื•ื•ืขืžืขืŸ ื™.ืง. ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืึทืจื‘ืขื˜. ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ืฉื•ื•ืขืจื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืื™ื– ื™.ืง'ืก ื–ื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทืคึผืจืฒึทื˜ 
ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื™ื™ืง. ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื–ื•ื›ื˜ ืึท ื•ื•ืขื’ ืฐื•ื™ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื–ื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื–ื™ื›ืขืจืขืจ ืกื›ึผื ื”. ืก'ืื™ื– ื‘ืึทืฉืœืึธืกืŸ 
ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื™ืขื ืขื ืึธืฐื ื˜, ืึทื– ื™ื™ืง. ืฐืขื˜ ืคืึทืจืœืึธื–ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฉืึธืคึผ ืื•ืŸ ืฐืขื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื–ื•ืŸ ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืฆืขื ื˜ืจืึทืœืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ, 
ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืฆื™ืžืขืจ ืฐืึธืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืคืึทืจ ื–ื™ ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ืึทืžืขื ื”ืึธืฃ 58-56 +16 

ืึท ื˜ืึธื’ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ, ื“ืขื 18ื˜ืŸ ื™ืึทื ื•ืึทืจ, ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ื™ึทื™ื˜ืฉืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขืคืึทื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืžืึธืœ -- ืฆื•ืฆื•ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื“ืขื 
ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจื‘ืœื™ื‘ืขื ืข ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข. ื‘ืึทืœื“ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืืฒื™ื ื™ืงืข ืงืึทืžืคืก-ื’ืจื•ืคึผืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืงืึทืžืคืก- 
ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ืึทืฆื™ืข ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืึท ื‘ืึทืฐืึธืคึผื ื˜ืŸ ืฐื™ื“ืขืจืฉื˜ืึทื ื“, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืจื•ืคึผืข ืงืขืžืคืขืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ืึทืžืขื ื”ืึธืฃ 58-- ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ 
ื–ื™ื™. ื“ื•ืจื›ืŸ ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืึทืจืฑืกื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื’ืึทืก ืืฑืฃ ืกื˜ืึทืฐืงืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื™.ืง. ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ื“ืขื 


83 


ืื•ืžืฉืœืึทื’ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ืฐื•ึผ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืึทืจืฒึทื ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื–ื•ืžืขืจ 1942 ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทื ืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืจืขื‘ืœื™ื ืงืข. ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืึธืก 
ืžืึธืœ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ืึธืจื˜ ืคื•ืœ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ, ื“ื™ ื’ืึทืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ืึทืžืขื ื”ืึธืฃ ืื™ื– ืึทืจื•ืžื’ืขืจื™ื ื’ืœื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึทืžืคืก-ื’ืจื•ืคึผืข ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ื™.ืง. ืื™ื– ื“ืึทืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ืึทืžืขื ื”ืึธืฃ, ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืึท 
ืฐื™ื“ืขืจืฉื˜ืึทื ื“. ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื ืข ืึธื ื’ืขืฉื˜ืจืขื ื’ื˜ืข ืจื’ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืฐื•ืึทืจื˜ื•ื ื’ ื”ืึธื˜ ื™.ืง. ื’ืขื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ืึท ื“ืขืจืžื•ื˜ื™ืงื ื“ื™ืงืข ืจืขื“ืข 
ืคืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคื˜ื™ืงืข ืงืขืžืคืขืจ. ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืฐืึธืก ื™.ืง. ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจืึทืŸ ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืข ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ื™ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜. ืฆื‘ื™ื” ืœื•ื‘ืขื˜ืงื™ืŸ ื’ื™ื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื™.ืง'ืก ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ, ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื ื“ื–ืŸ-ืคื™ืกืœืขืš: "ืœืึธืžื™ืจ 
ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืœื™ืงืœืขืš ืฐืึธืก ืžื™ืจ ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ื˜ืจืขืคืŸ ื“ืขื ืฉื•ื ื ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืึทื ื˜, ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืฉื˜ืึทืจื‘ืŸ, ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ 
ื‘ืึทืฐืึธืคึผื ื˜ืขืจ ืงืึทืžืฃ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืึท ืงืฐื•ืึทืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื ื™ืงื” ืคืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืงื•ืžืขื ื“ื™ืงืข ื“ื•ืจื•ืช. ืœืึธืžื™ืจ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ื•ื™ ืึท ื‘ืฒึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ 
ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ื‘ืจื™ื“ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ, -- ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืžืึธืžืขื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืกื›ึผื ื” ื–ื™ืš ื ืฒื˜ื˜ ื’ืขืฉืจืึธืงืŸ, ื–ื™ืš 
ืึทื ื˜ืงืขื’ื ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืข ืงืขื’ืŸ ืึท ืกืš, ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื˜ื•ื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ ื“ืขืจืฆื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ. ื“ื™ ื“ืฒึทื™ื˜ืฉืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจื”ืจื’ืขื˜ ืžื™ืœื™ืึธื ืขืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื–ื™ ื•ืขืœืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื‘ืึทื–ื™ื’ืŸ, -- ื“ืึธืก ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืคืึธืœืง ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืึทืฐื•ื“ืื™ ืœืขื‘ืŸ. ืžื™ืจ 
ื•ืขืœืŸ ืขืก ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ืขืจืœืขื‘ืŸ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืึธืคึผืงื•ืžืขื ื™ืฉ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ. ื ืึธืš ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื˜ื•ื˜ ื•ืขืœืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ืžืขืฉื‚ื™ื 
ื‘ืœืฒึทื™ื‘ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ื™ื‘ื™ืง" 165 

ื™ืฆื—ืง ืฆื•ืงืขืจืžืึทืŸ ื’ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ื‘ืขืจ, ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื ื“ื–ืŸ-ืคื™ืกืœืขืš, ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื ื•ืกื— ืคื•ืŸ ื™-ืง'ืก ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ: "ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืก'ืื™: ืงื™ื™ืŸ 
ืžืึธืœ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฉืคึผืขื˜! ืึท ืœืขืฆื˜ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“-- ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืจื’ืขื˜ ืึท ืจื•ืฆื— -- ืœื™ื™ื–ื˜ ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืก ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืึธืœืง! ืื•ื™ืš :; ื’ืขื”-ื’ืขื˜ืŸ 
ืคืึธืœืง ืงืขืŸ ืžืขืŸ ื ืึธืš ืจืึทื˜ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ -- ืจืึทื˜ืขืฐืขื˜!.**: ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึทืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจ ืึธืจื˜ ื‘ืึทืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื˜ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืฆื™ืงืขืจืžืึทืŸ ื™.ืง'ืก 
ืจื™ื™ื“, ืื•ืŸ ื–ืึธื’ื˜: "ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื–ื™ืš, ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืคืจื™ื™ื“, ืึท ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืฉืจืฒื™ื‘ืขืจ, ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื—ืœื•ืฆื™ื, ืื•ืŸ 
ืื•ื‘ ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืคืึทืœืŸ -- ืื™ืŸ ืงืึทืžืฃ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืคึฟืึทืœืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืฐื•ื•ื™ืœ ืื™ื– ืื™ื ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืฆื• ื“ืขื ื–ื•ื›ื” ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ, ืฐืึธืž 
ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื–ื•ืŸ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืงืขืžืคืŸ ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–. ื’ืขื‘ืขื ื˜ืฉื˜ ืื™ื– ื™ืขื“ืข ื”ืึทื ื˜ ืฐืึธืก ื•ืขื˜ ื”ืจื’ืขื ืขืŸ ืึท ื“ื™ื™ื˜ืฉ, 
ืฐืึธืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื ืงืžื” ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืคืึทืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ ื‘ืœื•ื˜. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืึท ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืœื™ืคึผืŸ, ื“ืขืจ 
ื–ืขืœื‘ืขืจ ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœ ืฐืึธืก ื›'ืคืœืขื’ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื–ืขืŸ ื‘ืฒึท ืื™ื.., *157 

ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงืึทืžืฃ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธื ื’ืขื”ืฑื™ื‘ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ื–ืฒื™ื ืข ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื™ ื–ื™ื™ ื“ืขืจืฉื™ืกืŸ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข ืึทื ื˜ืœืฑืคึฟื ื“ื™ืงืข ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉืŸ. ืึท ืงื•ืจืฆืข ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื™ืกืขืจืฒึท ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื™. 
ืฆื•ืงืขืจืžืึทืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ื‘ืฒึท ื™.ืง. ืขืจ ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืึทื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ, ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœื˜ืึธืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืก ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืึทืคื™ืœื• 
ื’ืขื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืจ. ืฆืฐื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืงืขืžืคืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ื˜ืึทืงื˜ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจื™ืงื’ืขืฆื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืึทืžืขื ื”ืึธืฃ 58 ืื•ื™ืฃ 
ืžื•ืจืึทื ืึธื•ื• 44; ืื•ื™ืคึฟืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืงืึทืžืฃ ืคืึธืจื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืึทื ืฆืข ืฆืฒึทื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื™.ืง. ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ 
ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ืคืฉื˜ืขื ื“ืœืขืจ.**! ื’ืœืฒึทืš ื•ื™ ื™.ืง. ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื“ืขื ื˜ื™ืคื™ืฆื™ืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึธื ื”ืฒื™ื‘ ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื—ืœื•ืฆื™ืฉืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืจื•ื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ืึธื ื˜ืฒืœ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ, ืึทื–ืฑ ื”ืึธื˜ ื™.ืง. ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืš 
ืื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ื“ืขื ื˜ื™ืคื™ืฆื™ืจื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืงืึทืžืคืก-ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ืึทืฆื™ืข ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืœืข ืื™ืจืข ื”ืึทื ื“ืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, 
ืึทืจืฒึทื ื’ืขืจืขื›ื ื˜ ื“ื™ ื ืงืžื”-ืึทืงื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืขืงื–ืขืงื•ืฆื™ืขืก ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื‘ืขืช ื“ืขืจ ืชึผืงื•ืคื” 
ืคื•ืŸ ื ืึธื›ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ; ื™.ืง. ื‘ืึทืจืขื›ื˜ื™ืงื˜ ืื•ื™ืš, ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜, ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืงืึทืžืคืก- 
ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ืึทืฆื™ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืึทื ื•ืฆื˜ ื›ึผื“ื™ ืงืจื™ื’ืŸ ื’ืขืœื˜ ืืฒื™ื ืฆื•ื”ืึทื ื“ืœืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืจ. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื–ื™ืŸ ื”ืึทื ื“ืœื˜ ื™.ืง. ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ ื•ื™ 
ืึท ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคื˜ืœืขื›ืงืฒื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ, ืฐืึธืก ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืงื™ืจื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืข ืžืขืฉื‚ื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ 
ืงืึทืžืคึผืก-ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ืึทืฆื™ืข.*' ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืืฑื™ืคืฉื˜ืึทื ื“ (ืคื•ืŸ 18ื˜ืŸ ื‘ื™ื–ืŸ 22ื˜ืŸ ื™ืึทื ื•ืึทืจ 1943) ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ื™ 
ืคึฟืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื™.ืง. ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืงืึทืžืคืก-ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ืึทืฆื™ืข ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ืึทืจืงื˜. ืื™ื™ืŸ ืฐืึธืš ื ืึธื›ืŸ ืึธื ื”ืฒื™ื‘ ืคื•ืŸ 
ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืืฑืคืฉื˜ืึทื ื“, ืึทืจื•ื ื“ืขืจ 25ื˜ืŸ ื™ืึทื ื•ืึทืจ 1943 ืงืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื™.ืง. ืื•ื ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜"! ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ื™ 
ืงืขืžืคึผืขืจ-ื’ืจื•ืคึผืข ืคึฟื•ืŸ "ื“ืจื•ืจ" ืžื™ื˜ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืฆื•ืงืขืจืžืึทื ืขืŸ ื‘ืจืืฉ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืึทืจื™ื›ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืฉื˜ื— ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืึธืคึผืŸ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื˜ืขื‘ืขื ืก ืื•ืŸ ืฉื•ืœืฅ.!'! ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึทืŸ ืึธืŸ ื˜ืจืขืคื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื™.ืง. ืึธืคึผื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทื™ื ืข ืคืจืฒึทื ื“, ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื’ืขืคื™ื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืš ืึท ื’ืจื•ืคึผืข 


4 


ื›ึผืœืœ-ื˜ื•ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื™.ืง. ื’ืขืคื™ื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ื‘ืขืช ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ื’ืขื˜ืึธ-ื˜ืขื’ ืคืึทืจืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืฉื˜ืึทื ื“. ืœื•ื˜ 
ืฐื™ ืขืก ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ืœื™ื™ื–ืขืจ ืœืขื•ื•ื™ืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ื™ืง. ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืงืึทืžืคืก-ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ืึทืฆื™ืข ื“ื™ ืจืขืึทืœื™ื–ืึทืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ 
ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืžื›ืคึผืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืฉืึทื ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืงื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื“ืจื™ืงื•ื ื’, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื›ึผืœื•ืžืจืฉื˜ 
ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื˜."! ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜ืŸ ืžืึธืžืขื ื˜, ืก'ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื•ืขืŸ, 
ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ืœืขื•ื•ื™ืŸ ืึทื– ื™ื™ืง. ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื–ื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืคืึทืจืœืึธื–ื˜ ื“ืขื ืฉืึธืคึผ ืžื•ืจื ื”ืึธื‘ื ื“ื™ืง ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืฉืึธืคึผืŸ ืฐืขืœืŸ ื–ื™ืš 
ืคืึทืจืฐืึทื ื“ืœืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืึทืกื˜ืงืขืก, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื“ื™ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื ื™ืฆืŸ ื›ึผื“ื™ ืฆื• ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ื‘ืขืช ืžืขื’ืœืขื›ืข ื‘ืึทื ืฒึทื˜ืข 
ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ื. 

ืคืจืขื’ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึท ืคืจืึทื’ืข.- ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืขืคื™ื ื™ืฆื™ืข ืคืึทืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ืื™ืŸ "ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืฉืœืžื” 
ื–ืฉืขืœื™ื›ืึธื•ื•ืกืงื™" ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ "ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืจืึทื“ื–ื™ื ืขืจ", ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืื™ื– ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ ืฐืฒึทืœ ืžื”ื•ืชื“ื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ืกืชึผื™ืจื” ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ 
ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ืคื•ืŸ ืžืœื—ืžื”-ืงืขืžืคืขืจ -- ื•ื™ ืึทื–ืฑ ืึทืจื•ื ืื™ื– ื™.ืง. ืžื™ืฉื‘ ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื”ื™ืคึผื•ื›ื“ื™ืงืข ืฆื•ื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืฆื• ื’ื‘ื•ืจื”, 
ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒื™ื ืข ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืจื™ืฉืข ืฉืึทืคื•ื ื’ืขืŸ. ืื•ื™ืฃ ื•ื•ื™ืคืœ ืก'ืื™ื– ื‘ืึทืงืึทื ื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื™.ืง. ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื•ื•ืขืจืง 
ื“ื™ ืคืึธืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืฉื˜ืึทื ื“, ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคืึทืจ ืื™ื ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ืึธืš ืื™ื. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื˜ืึทืงืข ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืœื™ื“ืขืจ, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืึทื›ื˜ืขืจ ืชึผืงื•ืคื” -- ืื™ื™ืŸ ืœื™ื“ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืขืœื“ื™ืฉืข ืžืขืฉื‚ื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื‘ืจื”ื ืœื™ื™ื‘ ืœืฒื‘ืึธื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉ (ืœืึทื‘ืึทืŸ), ื“ืขื 
ืงืึธืžืขื ื“ืึทื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืงืึทืžืคึผืก-ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ืึทืฆื™ืข ืื™ืŸ ืงืจืึธืงืข, ืื•ืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืฆื•ืงืขืจืžืึทืŸ- ืึท ืœื™ื“ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ 
ืึทื˜ืขื ื˜ืึทื˜ ืงืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ื“ืขื 24 ื“ืขืฆืขืžื‘ืขืจ 1942, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ 
ื’ืขื›ืึทืคึผื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจืฐื•ึผื ื“ืขื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ;*"! ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืš ืึท ืœื™ื“ ื”ืึธื˜ ื™.ืง. ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ื™ืึทื ื•ืึทืจ 
ืื•ื™ืคืฉื˜ืึทื ื“ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืึทื˜ืฒื™ืœื™ืงื˜. ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืฆื• ืื•ื ื“ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ืขืจื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ 
ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื ื•ื™ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืคืึทืจืึทืŸ, ืขืก ื–ืขื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืึทื– ืœื•ื˜ ื•ื™ ื™.ืง. ืฉืจืฒึทื™ื‘ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข ืขืจื˜ืขืจ 
ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืžื™ื ื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ืจื”, ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ื™ืžืขืŸ ืึทื– ืคื™ื–ื™ืฉืข (ืฆื™ ืžืœื—ืžื”)-ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ 
ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืึทืคื™ืœื• ื“ื™ ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืขืžืคืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืงืึทืžืคืก-ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ืึทืฆื™ืข ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข 
ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžืœื—ืžื” ื’ืขื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื’ืจืขืกื˜ืŸ ืฉื‚ื•ื ื ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืึธืœืง ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœืข ืฆืฒื™ื˜ืŸ, ืึทื–ืึท ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื–ื•ื›ื” 
ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื™ื™ืง'ืก ืฉืจื™ืคื˜ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืึธืฐื™ืจื•ื ื’, ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื“ืึทื ืงืœืขื›ืขืจ ื˜ื™ืคืงื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืจื™ืฉืขืจ 
ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทืœื˜ื™ืงื•ื ื’ -- ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื™ืึธ ื–ื•ื›ื” ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ืึทื”ืึทื ื“ืœื˜ ืฆื• ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ืคื•ืŸ ืจืึทื“ื–ื™ื ืขืจ 
ืจื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืœืžื” ื–ืฉืขืœื™ื›ืึธื•ื•ืกืงื™ืŸ. ืงืขืŸ ืžืขืŸ ืืคืฉืจ ื˜ืขื ื”ืŸ, ืึทื– ื“ืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืฉืึทืคื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืŸ ื™ืึทื ื•ืึทืจ- 
ืื•ื™ืคืฉื˜ืึทื ื“, ืฆื™ ืงืขืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืฐื•ืขืจืง ื ืึธืš ืื™ื? 

ืื™ืŸ "ืคึผื ืงืก ื•ื™ื˜ืœ" ื“ืขืจื’ื™ื™ื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื™.ืง., ื›ืจืึธื ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืฉ, ืฆื• ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื™ืึทื ื•ืึทืจ-ืืฑืคืฉื˜ืึทื ื“, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ "ื“ืึธืก 
ืœื™ื“ ืคื•ื ืขื ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื”ืจื’ืขื˜ืŸ ื™ื™ืจื™ืฉืŸ ืคืึธืœืง" ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื“ืึธืš- ื–ืฒึทื˜ ื‘ืฒึท ื–ืฒึทื˜ ืฆืฐืึทืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืŸ 
ืื™ื“ืขื ื˜ื™ืคื™ืฆื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืืฑืคืฉื˜ืึทื ื“ ืึทืœืฒืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืึท ื˜ืึธื˜ืึทืœืขืจ ืืฒึทื ืฉื˜ื™ืžื™ืงืฒื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืœืฅ ืฐืึธืก ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข 
ืงืึทืžืคืก-ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ืึทืฆื™ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืคืึทืจ ืื™ืจืข ืœืขื’ื™ื˜ื™ืžืข ืฆื•ื•ืขืงืŸ, ืื•ื™ืš ืึท ื˜ืึธืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ืกืชึผื™ืจื” ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื 
ืกื™ืžืคึผืึทื˜ื™ื–ื™ืจืŸ ื–ืฒึทื™ื ืขื. ื“ืขืจ ืงืฐืึทืœ ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ืกืชึผื™ืจื” ืฉื˜ืขืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื™.ืง'ืก ื‘ืึทื’ืจื™ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืชึผื•ื›ื™ืงืขืจ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉืงืฒื˜ 
ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจืึทืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืึธืœืง ืื•ืŸ ืึทืœืข ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข ืคืขืœืงืขืจ, ื•ื™ ืขืจ ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืึทืœืฒืŸ; 


ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ืคื•ื ืขื ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื”ืขืจื’ืขื˜ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืึธืœืง, ื™"ื“. "ื“ื™ ืขื ื“", ื–' 96: 


"ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜, ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืจื™ื›ื˜- 'ื“ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืขืŸ ืฉื™ืกืŸ!' ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ 
ื“ืขื ืืฑืกืฐื•ึผืจืคืก ืขืงืœื“ื™ืงืข ืฉื˜ื™ื 

ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ื ืึธืš ื“ื™ ืื•ืžืจื™ื™ื ืข ื ืฉืžื” ื–'ืื™ื ืึทืจืฑืก, ืก'ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกืจื•ืฃ, 
ื ืึธืจ ืึท ื‘ื™ื™ื– ืฐื•ึผื ื“ืขืจ - ืก'ื˜ื™ื™ื˜ืฉ?! 


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ืึท ืฉื˜ื•ื™ื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืกื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื˜ืขืจืœื™ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืขืจื™ื›ื˜ ืึทื–ืฑ: 'ื“ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืขืŸ ืฉื™ืกืŸ!' ืึธ, 
ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึทืœื™ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื, 

ืก'ืื™ื– ืึท ืจื•ืฃ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื–ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืžืขืจื“ืขืจ-ืคืึธืœืง, ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื›ืฆื™ืง ืžื™ืœื™ืึธืŸ: ื–ื™ ืื•ื™ืš! 
ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืžืึทื›ื 'ืก ืื•ื™ืš ื•ื™ ืžื™ืจ, ืฐื™ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉ. - 


ื•ื•ื™ื™ ืื•ื ื“ื–! ืžื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ, ื™ืึธ, ืžื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึทื ื˜ืงืขื’ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ืื™ึทื™ืš ื“ืขืจ- 
ื”ืจื’ืขื ืขืŸ, ืžื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืš! ืžื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืš! 

ืžื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ืึธืก ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขืงืขื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฐืขื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืงืขื ืขืŸ 
ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“-- 

ื ื™ื˜ ื”ืจื’ืขื ืขืŸ ืึท ืฆืฐื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ! ื ื™ื˜ ืืฑืกืจืึธื˜ืŸ ืึท ืคืึธืœืง ื•ื•ื™ื™ืœ ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืฐืขืจืœืึธื–, ืฐืึธืก 
ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืื•ืžื–ื™ืกื˜ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื•ื™ืš, 

ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ื˜ ื ื™ื˜: ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจื”ืจื’ืขื ืขืŸ, ืื™ืจ ื–ื™ื ื“ื™ืงืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื ืึทื˜ื•ืจ, ืื™ืจ ืžื•ื–ื˜'ืก, 
ืื™ื™ื‘ื™ืงืข ืื™ืจ ืคืึธื›ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจื“. 


ืื™ืš ืงืขืŸ ืื™ื™ืš ื’ื•ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืฐืึธืจื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืฉื˜ืึทืจืง ืฐื™ ืก'ืฐืึธืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืข 
ืึธื‘ื•ืช, ื“ื™ ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื, ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืึทื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขื“ืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืืฒึทื™ืš ื•ื™ ื–ื™ื™! 

ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ื™ื•ืœ, ื‘ืขืช ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ืฑื‘ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืึทืจื•ืกืคื™ืจืŸ ืฆื•ื ื˜ื•ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข, 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื‘ืึทืจืึทื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ืš, ืื™ืš, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ 

ืื•ื™ืฃ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ื–ื™ืฆื•ื ื’-- ืื™ืš ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื—ืœื•ืฆื™ื, ืื™ืš ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ ื“ืึทืŸ 
ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืึท ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื™-- 

ืชึผืžื•ืช ื ืคืฉื™! ื™ืึธ... ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืจื’ืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืก ืื•ื ื“ื– ืึทืœืข, ื•ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื˜ืข, ืื™ืŸ ืื•ืงืจืึทื™ื ืข, 
ืฐืึธืœื™ื ื™ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืŸ! 


ืก'ืฐื•ืึธืœื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื”ืึธืœืคืŸ, ื›'ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก... ื ื™ื˜ ืฐืฒึทืœ ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื”ืึทื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ, 
ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืกื™ืžืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืจ-- 

ืึท ื”ืึทืง ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ืืฒึทื–ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืงื•ื™ืœืŸ ื’ืจืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื˜ื™ืคืขืจ ืืฒึทื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœืฒึทื‘ 
ื•ื™ ื ืขื’ืœ ืฉืึทืจืฃ, 

ื ืึธืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึทืžืขืจื™ืงืข, ืื™ืŸ ื"ื™, ื–ื™ื™ ืฐืึธืœื˜ืŸ ืฐืฒึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืจื•ืขืจื™ืง ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื•ื ื“ื– 
ื ืึธืš ืื•ื“ื– ื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ืึท ื˜ืจืขืจ 

ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืœ, ืื•ืŸ ืืคืฉืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืึธืจ ืฉื˜ื™ืœ ืึท ื–ืึธื’ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ: ืึทืš, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžืขืŸ ืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ื ื™ื˜ ืึทื ื˜ืงืขื’ืŸ! ืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืก ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืึทื“ืึทืจืคื˜... 


ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืึทื“ืึทืจืคื˜! ื•ื•ื™ื™ ืžื™ืจ, ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจ ื ืฒึทื™ืึธืจ ื ืึธืš ื’ืขื–ืขืกืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื, ืžื™ื˜ 
ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ื ืึธืš, ืžื™ื˜ ืœื™ื™ื˜ืขืจืก ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืฉืึธืคึผ, 

ืื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืคึผืฑืœื™ืฉ-ืจื™ื™ื“ื ื“ื™ืงืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื“ืจื™ืงื˜ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืฆืึธืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ 
ืฐื™ื™ื˜ืึธืง ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ -- : 

ื™ืึทื–ืึท ืึท ืคืึธืœืง! ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืœืึธื–ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฐื™ ืงืขืœื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืกืฉืขื›ื˜ืŸ, ืึทื–ืึท ืึท ืคืึธืœืง! 


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ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืึธืงืœื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ... 
20 ื•ื•ื™ื™, ื•ื•ื™ื™, ื“ืึธืก ืคืึธืœืง ืฐืึธืก ืžื•ื– ื’ืขื”ืจื’ืขื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ, ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื”ืจื’ืขื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ 
ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื™ื•ืฆื ื ืึธืš ืคืึทืจ ื–ื™ืš ืึทืœื™ืŸ! 


ื“ืขืจ ืกืชึผื™ืจื•ืชื“ื™ืงืขืจ ื˜ืึธืŸ ื’ืขืคื™ื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืฆื™ื˜ื™ืจื˜ืŸ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึธืจื ื•ื™ ืขืก ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืจืึทื›ื˜ ื“ื™ 
ืฉื•ืจื” ื ื•ืž' 5 (ืกื˜ืจืึธืคืข ื‘') ืฐื•ึผ ื“ืขืจ ืขื™ืงืจ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื•ื ื’ ืึทื– ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื‘ื›ึผื•ื— ืฆื• ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืฐืึธืคื ื˜ืŸ 
ืฐื™ื“ืขืจืฉื˜ืึทื ื“, ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืคืึธืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื•ื ื’ ื•ื™ ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืคืฉื˜ืึทื ื“ ืคืึทื ื’ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืŸ; ื“ื™ ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืึธืŸ 
ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื•ื•ื™ื™ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื™: "ื•ื•ื™ื™ ืื•ื ื“ื–!". ืึทืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืกื“ืจื•ืง ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ืกืชึผื™ืจื•ืชื“ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืึธืŸ ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืึทืžื‘ื™ืฐื•ืึทืœืขื ื˜ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืฆื™ึดื•ื ื’ ืฆื•ื ืึทืงื˜ ืึทืœื™ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทืฐืึธืคึผื ื˜ืŸ ืฐื™ื“ืขืจืฉื˜ืึทื ื“, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื–ืขื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึทืจืฑืก ื‘ืฒึทื 
ืคืึทืจื’ืœืฒึทื›ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข ืงืึธื ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื“, ืฐื•ึผ ื™.ืง. ื“ืจื™ืงื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืึทืฆื™ึดื•ื ื’ ืฆื•ื ืงืึทืžืฃ ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ื”ืึทื ื˜; ืคืึทืจื’ืœืฒึทื™ืš -- ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืจืง ื™"ื’ ืœื•ื™ื‘ื˜ ื™.ืง. ืึธืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื‘ืึทืฐืึธืจืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ืขื ื™ืึทื ื•ืึทืจ-ืืฑืคืฉื˜ืึทื ื“, ืื•ืŸ 
ืจื™ืžื˜ ืื™ื (ื–ืข ืกื˜ืจืึธืคืข ื™'ื‘) ื‘ืขืช ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืจืขื“ืข ืคืึทืจ ื“ื™ ื—ืœื•ืฆื™ื. ืื™ืŸ ืคืจืง ื™"ื“, ืกื˜ืจืึธืคึผืข ื‘', ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื ื“ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• 
ื“ื™ ืจื•ืฆื—ื™ื, ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ืจื” ื ื•ืž' 6, ืคืึทื ื’ื˜ ืขืจ ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืฐืึธืจืขื ื™ืฉ: "ืžื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืจ" ืืึทื–"ื•. 

ื’ืœืฒึทืš ื•ื™ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืึทืฆื™ึธื•ื ื’ ืฆื•ื ื‘ืึทืฐืึธืคึผื ื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืฉื˜ืึทื ื“ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื ื“ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืงืึธื ื˜ืขืงืกื˜, ืึทื–ืฑ ืื•ื™ืš ื–ืขื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ืื™ืŸ 
ื™ื™ืง'ืก ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขื’ืœืขื›ืข ืจืขืึทืงืฆื™ืข ืฆื•ื ืืฑื™ืคึผืฉื˜ืึทื ื“, ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืขืจ ืคึผืขืจืกืคึผืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื•: ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ืŸ 
ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืึท ื‘ืึทืฐืึธืคึผื ื˜ืŸ ืฐื™ื“ืขืจืฉื˜ืึทื ื“ ื‘ืฒึทื ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ, (ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ืึทืœื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื– ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื 
ืืฒึทื ืฉื˜ื™ืžื™ืง) -- ื˜ืขื ื”ื˜ ืขืจ: "ืก'ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื”ืึธืœืคืŸ", ืฐืฒึทืœ ื“ืขืžืึธืœื˜ ืฐืึธืœื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกืขืจ ืืฒื™ืจืึธืคึผืข ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ 
ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืฉื˜ืึทื ื“ ื“ื™ ืกื™ื‘ื” ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึทืกื ืžืึธืจื“, ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืš ื“ืขื ืฐื™ ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืขืก ื“ืึทืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ -- ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืึทืกื™ืžื™ืœื™ืจื˜ืข ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆืฐื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ-ื™ื™ึทื“ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฉืขืฆืŸ ื’ืจื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ืข ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืฆื•ื ื˜ื•ื˜. ื“ื™ ืื•ืŸ ื™ืขื ืข 
ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืจืขืึทืงืฆื™ืข, ืฐืฒึทืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืฒื™ื˜ - ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืคืฉื˜ืึทื ื“ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ื™ ื›ึผืœื•ืžืจืฉื˜ืข 
ืคึผื—ื“ื ื•ืช ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึทืงื˜ืึธืจ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืจืึทื›ื˜ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข, ืฆื•ื ื“ื•ืจื›ืคื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจื ื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’, ืื•ืŸ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜ ืื™ื– ื˜ืึทืงืข ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืคืฉื˜ืึทื ื“ ืคืึทืจ ื™.ืง., ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืึท "ื™ื•ืฆื ื–ืฒึทืŸ" -- ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื›ืขืจืขืจ 
ืฐื•ืขืจื˜; ื•ื™ ืžื™ืจ ื“ืจื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ืึทืจืฑืก ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ: "ื“ืึธืก ืคืึธืœืง ืฐืึธืก... ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื™ื•ืฆื ื ืึธืš ืคืึทืจ ื–ื™ืš ืึทืœืฒืŸ!" 
(ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขื’ืœืขื›ืข ืžื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ-- ื–ืข ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ), 

ื“ืึธ, ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืจืง ื™"ื“ ืžื•ื– ืขืจ ืฆื•ืจื™ืงื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื ืฆืขื ื˜ืจืึทืœืŸ ืžืึธื˜ื™ื•ื• ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ืฉืจื™ืคื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข-- ื“ื™ 
ื’ืฒึทื™ืกื˜ื™ืงืข ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฐืึธืก ืฐืขืจืŸ ื“ืขืจื”ืจื’ืขื˜, ื•ื™ ื“ืึธืก ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืคืึธืœืง ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื“ืขืจื”ืจื’ืขื˜ (ื–ืข ืกื˜ืจืึธืคึผืข 
ื‘'). ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืฆื™ื˜ื™ืจื˜ืข ืฉื•ืจื•ืช, ื ื•ืž' 977, ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื ืฒึท ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืขืงื–ื™ืกื˜ืขื ืฆื™ืึทืœืขืจ ืžืฆื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท 
ืฉืœืžื” ื–ืฉืขืœื™ื›ืึธื•ื•ืกืงื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืจืึทื“ื–ื™ื ืขืจ ืจื‘ื™ืŸ -- ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืฉื˜ืจืฒื™ื›ื ื“ื™ืง ื“ื™ ืงืขื’ื ื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜ืข ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื 
ืฐืึธืก ืคืึธื›ืขื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจื“ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฐืึธืก ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ืš. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืชึผืžืฆื™ืช ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื“ืขืคื™ื ื™ืฆื™ืข ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ื“ื™ืคึผืขืจืขื ืฅ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึฟืขืœืงืขืจ, ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืฉืจื™ืคื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ 
ืฐืึทืจืฉืข ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืขืœ. ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ื˜ื•ืขืŸ ืชึผืคื™ืœื” ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœืข ืื•ืžืฉื˜ืึทื ื“ืŸ, ื“ื™ ืคืขืœืงืขืจ ืคืึธื›ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ 
ื“ืขืจ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจื“ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœืข ืื•ืžืฉื˜ืึทื ื“ืŸ. ื“ืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืขืงื–ื™ืกื˜ืขื ืฆื™ืึทืœืข ื’ืจื•ื ื˜ืกื™ื˜ื•ืึทืฆื™ืขืก. 
ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจ, ืงืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืฆื™ื˜ื™ืจื˜ืข ืฉื•ืจื” ืื™ืŸ ืคืจืึทื’ืžืขื ื˜ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืขืžืข "ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื”ืจื’ืขื˜ืŸ 
ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืึธืœืง", ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ืึทื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืžืขื’ืœืขื›ืข ืื•ืคื ื™ื: (ื) ื•ื™ ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜-- ืึทื– ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืคืฉื˜ืึทื ื“ 
ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื™ื•ืฆื ื–ืฒึทืŸ, ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจื•ื•ื™ืจืงืœืขื›ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื”ืขื›ืขืจืŸ ืฐืขืจื˜; (ื‘) ืึทื– ื“ืึธืก ื™ื•ืฆื ื–ืฒึทืŸ, 
ื•ื™ ืึท ื™ื•ืฆื ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืงืขื’ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึทืœืฒืŸ, ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืฉื˜ืึทืจื‘ืŸ ื•ื™ ืึท ืจืขืึทืœื™ื–ืึทืฆื™ืข ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืขื ืžื”ื•ืช, ืื•ืŸ 
ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ื™ื™ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืจื•ืฆื— ืฐืึธืก ื”ืจื’ืขื˜. ื“ื™ ืึธ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืข ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืคึผืจืขื˜ืึทืฆื™ืข ืื™ื– ืžืขื’ืœืขืš, 
ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืคืึธืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™-ืง'ืก ืงื•ืง ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื’ื•ืจืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒื™ื ืข ื•ื•ืขืจืง-- ืึท ืงื•ืง ืฐืึธืก ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื‘ืฒึท ืื™ื ืึธืคึผื˜ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜, 


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ืื•ื™ืš ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ืžืœื—ืžื” -- ืึทื– ื“ืึธืก ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืคืึธืœืง ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ืคืึธืœืง ืฐืึธืก ื“ืึทืจืฃ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื“ืขืจื”ืจื’ืขื˜ ื‘ื”ื›ืจื—: 'ื“ืึธืก 
ืคืึธืœืง ืฐืึธืก ืžื•ื– ื’ืขื”ืจื’ืขื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ".*'! ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืข ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืคึผืจืขื˜ืึทืฆื™ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื ืขืŸ ืึท ื˜ืฑื˜- ืชึผืคื™ืœื” 
ื˜ื•ืขื ื“ื™ืง -- ืฐื™ ืฉืœืžื” ื–ืฉืขืœื™ื›ืึธื•ื•ืกืงื™ืก ื˜ื•ื™ื˜, ื•ื™ ื“ืขื ืจืึทื“ื–ื™ื ืขืจืก ื˜ื•ื™ื˜, ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ื ื“ื™ืง ื•ื™ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืจื•ืฆื—, ืžื™ื˜ 
ื’ืขืฐืขืจ; ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฐื™ึทื™ืœ ื™.ืง. ื–ืฉืึทืœืขืฐืขื˜ ื“ืขื ืจื•ืฆื— ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื ืึธืจ ืฐืฒึทืœ ืขืจ ื’ืึทืจื˜ ืฆื• ืึทื ื˜ืคึผืœืขืงืŸ ื“ืขื ื“ืจืš ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ืงืจื‘ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืžืึทื›ื˜ ื‘ืขืชืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึทืจื‘ืŸ ืœื•ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืžื”ื•ืช. 

ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึทื›ื˜ืขืจ ืชึผืงื•ืคื”, ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืืฑืคืฉื˜ืึทื ื“ืŸ, ืื™ื– ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืฉืจื™ื˜ ืฐืึธืก ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ, ื•ื™ ืึท 
ืจืขืึทืงืฆื™ืข ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉื™ืฉืข ืคืึธื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ืคืจืึทื’ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืขืก ืฉื•ื™ืŸ 
ื’ืจืฒึทืœืขืš ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜. ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื˜, ืžืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื”ืขืœืคื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืึทื ื•ืึทืจ 1943 ื“ืึธืก ื‘ืึทื–ืึธืจื’ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ 
ื‘ืึทื”ืขืœื˜ืขื ื™ืฉืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜, ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจืึทืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืœืึธื–ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคืึทืจืคื™ืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉื™ืฉืข 
ืฆื•ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจืฆื•ืคื™ืจืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืก-ืœืึทื’ืขืจืŸ ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข, ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืึธื ื™ืึทื˜ืึธื•ื• ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืจืึทืฐื ื™ืงื™. ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ 
ื“ืึทืŸ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทื ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจ ืึท ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืขืจ ื‘ืจื™ืจื”, ื•ื™ ืืฑืกืฆื•ืงืœืฒึทื‘ืŸ ื›ึผื“ื™ ืจืึทื˜ืขืฐืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืœืขื‘ืŸ, ืึธื“ืขืจ ืœื›ืœ-ื”ืคึผื—ื•ืช 
ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ืึทืจืงืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ืื•ื™ืกื–ื™ื›ื˜ืŸ ืฐืฒึทึทื˜ืขืจ ืฆื• ืœืขื‘ืŸ. ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจืฉ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ืจืขืึทืœืขืจ ื‘ืจื™ืจื” ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืึธืคึผืŸ ื˜ืขื‘ืขื ืก ืื•ืŸ ืฉื•ืœืฅ, ืฐื•ึผ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืึทืจื‘ืขื˜.*" *-ืง'ืก ืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ 
ื“ืขื ืขื ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ืžื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ื ืึธืš ื“ืขื ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืงืึทืžืคืก-ืึธืจื•ืึทื ื™ื–ืึทืฆื™ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ืคึฟืึทืจืฐืึทื ื“ืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืœืึทืฐื ืขื ื˜ืึธื ื’ืขื‘ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืงื˜ื™ืฉืŸ ื”ืขืจืฉืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ, ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื‘ืึทืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™.ืง., ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ 
ืฐืขืจื˜ืขืจ: 


ื™ื™ื˜ืจืขืคื˜ ืึท ื“ืฒึทื™ื˜ืฉ ื“ื™ืš -- ื’ื™ื™! ื’ื™ ื“ืจื™ื™ืกึฐื˜ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’, ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืœื•ื™ืฃ - / ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ืš ื—ื•ืฉื“ ืึทื– ื“ื• 
ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ืžืฒึทื“ื˜ ื“ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืก... ืฐืึธืก ื ืึธืš? ืฐืึธืก ืฐื™ืœืกื˜ื• ื˜ืฒึทืขืจืขืจ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืคืจืฒึทื ื“ ื“ืขืŸ 
ื ืึธืš?// ื“ื• ืฐื™ืœืกื˜ ื“ืึธืก ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ื“ืึธืš ืฐื™ ืื™ืš... ืื™ืš ืฐื™ืœ ืขืก ื–ืึธืœ ืึท ืฉืœืึทืง ืžื™ืš ื˜ืจืขืคืŸ, 
ืึทื ื™ื“ืขืจืœืฒื’ืŸ ืžื™ืš, ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ -- ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืก!/ ื“ื™ ืฉืึธืคึผืŸ ื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืก-ืœืึทื’ืขืจืŸ ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจ 
ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืœืขืฆื˜ืŸ ื”ืฒึทืคืœ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืขืจ ืงืึทื ื˜-- / ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ ืึทื”ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึธืจืŸ... ื ื™ื™ืŸ! ื ื™ื˜ืึธ ืคืึทืจ 
ืžื™ืจ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื•ื ืงืขืจ ื“ืึธ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ืจ, ืึทืจื™ืขืจ, ืงืขืŸ ืื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืึทืจืฑืก/ ืก'ืงืจื™ื’ืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื 
ืืฑืกืœืึทื ื“-ืคึผืขืกืขืจ, ื™ืึธ... ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืขืจื’ืขืฅ-ื•ื•ื•ึผ ื–ื™ืš ืขืžืขืฆืขืจ ืึธืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜... "5 


ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืืžืชืขืจ ื›ึผื•ื•ื ื” ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉืŸ ื‘ืฒึทื ืคืึธืจืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ืฆื• ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืขืจ 
ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืก-ืœืึทื’ืขืจืŸ, ืื™ื– ื™-ืงื™ืก ืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขื ืœืขืš ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืงืึทืžืคืก-ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ืึทืฆื™ืข 
ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืจื•ื‘ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ-ืืฒื™ื ืฐื•ื™ื ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืขื ื“ืœืขืš ื’ืขื‘ืจืึทื›ื˜ ืฆื•ื ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ืืฑืคึผืฉื˜ืึทื ื“ ืคื•ืŸ 
9ื˜ืŸ ืึทืคึผืจื™ืœ 1943 -- ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื’ืœื™ื™ื‘ื˜. ื“ืขืจ ืงืึทืžืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืงืึทืžืคืก-ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ืึทืฆื™ืข ืงืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉื™ืฉืข ืžืึทื›ื™ื ืึทืฆื™ืขืก ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืคืึธื“ืขืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืกืฆื•ืžืฒึทื™ื“ืŸ ืฐื™ ืฐืฒึทื˜ ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ื“ื™ ืขืฐืึทืงื•ืึทืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืฉืึธืคึผืŸ ื›ึผื“ื™ ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจืคึฟื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืึทื’ืขืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืขืจ ื’ืขื’ื ื˜, ื•ื™ ืื•ื™ืš ืึธืคึผื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืึทืจืฑืกื ืขืžืขืŸ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืึทืฉื™ื ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืจื•ื™ืฉื˜ืึธืคืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ. ืœื•ื˜ ื•ื™ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืฆื•ืงืขืจืžืึทืŸ ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืขื“ื•ืช ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ 
ืงืึทืžืคึผื˜-ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ืึทืฆื™ืข ื’ื•ื˜ ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ืึทื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉืข ื›ึผื•ื•ื ื•ืช, ืึทืคึผื™ืœื• ื•ื•ืขืŸ "ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืึธืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืกื˜ืึทืคึผืึธ ืื™ื– 
ืึทืจืฒึทื ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ื›ึผื‘ื•ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ื“ืฒื™ื˜ืฉ, ื“ืขืจ ืคืึทื‘ืจื™ืงืึทื ื˜ ื˜ืขื‘ืขื ืก, ืื•ืŸ {ื•ื•ืขืŸืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืึธืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 
ืคึผืึธืœื™ืฆื™ืึทื ื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ื™ืจื’ืขืจ..." ื“ื™ ืึธื ืคึผื™ืจืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ืึทืฆื™ืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ืึทื ืขืŸ ืึทื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืœืึทื’ืขืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืึธื ื™ืึทื˜ืึธื•ื• ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืจืึทืฐื ื™ืงื™ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ื ืึธืจ ื“ืขืจืฐืึทืจื˜ืŸ ืฆื• ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื ืึธืš ืึท ืคึผืึธืจ ืžืึธื ืึทื˜ืŸ, ืขื ื“ืœืขืš 
ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจืื•ืจื˜ื™ื™ืœื˜ ืฆื•ื ื˜ื•ื™ื˜."ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืึทื–ืึท ืžืฆื‘, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื˜ืจื•ื™ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืฉืึธืคึผื™ื‘ืขืœื™ 
ื‘ืชึผื™ื ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ืฆืฐื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืžืขืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ื ืžืฆื, ื”ืึธื˜ ื™.ืง. ื“ืขืจืคื™ืœื˜ ืึทื– ืขืจ ื“ืึทืจืฃ ื“ืขื ืฉืึธืคึผ 


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ืคืึทืจืœืึธื–ืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืฆืฒื™ื˜ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืคืจืฒึทื™ื ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื—ืœื•ืฆื™ืฉืขืจ ื‘ืึทืฐื•ืขื’ื•ื ื’ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคืึทืจื ื•ืžืขืŸ 
ืึทืงื˜ื™ื™ื• ืžื™ื˜ ืจืึทื˜ืขืฐืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืื•ืžื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ 
ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื–ื•ื ืก ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคื˜. ืฐื™ ืขืก ืฐืฒึทื–ื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ืคืึทืจืœืึธื–ื˜ ืขืจ ื“ืขื ืฉืึธืคึผ ืื•ืŸ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืึทืจื™ื›ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืึธืจื˜ ืฐื•ึผ ืขืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš 
ื’ืขืคึผื•ื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื– ื“ืึทืŸ ื’ืขืจืึทื˜ืขืฐืขื˜ืข ื›ึผืœืœ-ื˜ื•ืขืจ, ืื•ื™ืฃ ืœืขืฉื ืึธ 36. ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื’ืขืคื™ื ื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืขืชืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื‘ืจื•ืš ืคื•ืŸ 
ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ืฐื™ื“ืขืจืฉื˜ืึทื ื“. ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜, ืžืึธื ื˜ื™ืง, ืขืจื‘ ืคึผืกื— - ื“ืขื 19ื˜ืŸ ืึทืคึผืจื™ืœ 1943, ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ื‘ื™ื– 
ื“ืึทืŸ ื’ืขืจืึทื˜ืขืฐื•ืขื˜ืข ื›ึผืœืœ-ื˜ื•ืขืจ ืคืึทืจื–ืึทืžืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ื– ื‘ืฒึท ืœื™ื™ื–ืขืจ ืœืขื•ื•ื™ื ืขืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื–ื™ 178 
ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื™ืขื ืข ื˜ืขื’ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ ื™.ืง. ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืข ืžืึธืžืขื ื˜ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ "ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ืคื•ื ืขื ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื”ืจื’ืขื˜ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืึธืœืง", 
ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื ื“ื™ืง ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ื’ืขื˜ืึธ-ื˜ืขื’ ื–ืฒึทื ืข: ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ืžืึธื ืึทื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ -- ื•ื™ 
ืขืก ื–ืขื˜ ืื•ื™ืก -- ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ืฐืึธื›ืŸ, ืฐืึทืจื˜ื ื“ื™ืง ืžื™ื˜ ืฉืคึผืึทื ื•ื ื’ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ืื•ืžืคืึทืจืžืฒึทื“ืœืขื›ืŸ ืฐื™ื“ืขืจืฉื˜ืึทื ื“ ืื•ืŸ 
ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืคืึธืจื’ืขื–ืขืขื ืข ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ืŸ, ื–ืฒึทืขื ื“ื™ืง ืึธืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ืขืก ืื™ื– "ื–ื™ื›ืขืจืŸ" ืึธืจื˜ ืฐื•ื•ึผ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ื‘ืึทื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืึธืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ 
ืฉื•ื ืึทื ื“ืขืจ ืึทืœื˜ืขืจื ืึทื˜ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื•ื•ืขื’, ืคื™ืœื˜ ื™.ืง. ืึทื– ืขืก ื“ืขืจื ืขื ื˜ืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืกื•ืฃ ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ื‘ืขื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขื 
ื˜ื•ื™ื˜: 


"ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจ ืึทืœืข ืžืฒึทื ืข ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึธืจื‘ืŸ... ื”ืœื•ื•ืื™ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืื™ืš ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึธืจื‘ืŸ, ืื™ืš ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื•ืฐื•ืขืœ 
ื ื™ื˜ ืฉื˜ืึทืจื‘ืŸ, ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืžืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขื˜/ ืžื™ืš ื”ืจื’ืขื ืขืŸ... ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื ืึธืฐืึธืœื™ืคึผื™ืข. ื–ื™ 
ืœื™ืงืฐื•ื™ื“ื™ืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ื›'ืฐื•ืึทืœื’ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืœืขืฉ ื–ื™ืš ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื˜ ื˜ืขื’,/ ื‘ืฒึท ืึท ื‘ืึทืงืึทื ื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ืฆื˜ ืึท 
ื™ื•ื ื’ืขืจืžืึทืŸ ื‘ืœืึทืก ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜: ืขืจ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ ื™ืขืฆื˜, ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืึทื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื˜/ ืื•ืŸ 
ืฉื˜ืขื˜ืœืขืš ืื™ืŸ ืงืจืฑื™ืŸ-ืคึผืฑืœืŸ, ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื™ื“ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืึทื’ืขื’ื ื˜ ืงื™ื™ื ืขื 
ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ื•ื•ืขื’.// ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื˜ืขื’ ืคืึทืจ ืคึผืกื—. ืื•ืŸ ืขืจื‘ ืคึผืกื— ืคืจื™ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืก 
ืžื™ื˜ ืœืขืฉ, ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืœืขืฉ/ ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืึทื–ืขืœื˜ืขื ื™ืฉ ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ืงืึทื ืึธื ืขืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ ืื•ืŸ 
ื ืึทื›ื˜, ื‘ืฒึทื™ื ืึทื›ื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ืขืก ื‘ืจืขื ื˜- / ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ื‘ืจืขื ื˜, ืขืจ ื‘ืจืขื ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ืฒึทื ืข 
ืžืฑื™ืขืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ, ืกื™ืคึผืฒึทืขืจ ื”ืขืฉื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื”ืขืฉื˜,/ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ืžืœ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ืึทืœืฑื›ื˜ืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื‘ ืก'ืื™ื– ื“ืึธ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืฐืขืจ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืฆื•ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืขื ื“". (ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ืคื•ื ืขื 
ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื”ืจื’ืขื˜ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืึธืœืง, ื–' 98), 


ืึธื ื”ืฒื™ื‘ ืึทืคึผืจื™ืœ 1943 ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืฆื•ืงืขืจืžืึทืŸ ืึทืจื™ื›ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืึทืจื™ืฉืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜ ื›ึผื“ื™ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืึธื ืฆื•ืคื™ืจืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ 
ืงืึธื ื˜ืึทืงื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืงืึทืžืคืก-ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ืึทืฆื™ืข ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืคึผืฑืœื™ืฉืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืจื•ื ื˜. ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ ืžื•ื– ื“ืึทืŸ 
ื‘ืึทืฉืœื™ืกืŸ, ืฆื™ ืึธื ื ืขืžืขืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืึธืจืฉืœืึธื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืคืจืฒึทื™ื ื“ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืจื•ืจ-ื”ื—ืœื•ืฅ-ื‘ืึทื•ื•ืขื’ื•ื ื’ ืื™ื ื”ืขืœืคืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• 
ื‘ืึทื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืึทืจื™ืฉืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜, ืึธื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจื•ึผืฐื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึทืŸ ืื•ื™ืกืœืขื ื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืคึผืึทืกืคึผืึธืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื ื™ืฉื˜- ืคึผืฑืœื™ืฉืŸ 
ื‘ื™ืจื’ืขืจ ื›ึผื“ื™ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ืจืึทื˜ืขืฐืขืŸ. ื’ืขื–ืึธืœื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืคืึธืœื’ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืคืจืฒึทื ื“ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืฐื•ืขื’ื•ื ื’, ืึทืœืข ืฆื•ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ 
ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจ ืื™ื ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืžืึทื›ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืึท ืคึผืึธืจ ื˜ืขื’ ืคืึทืจืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืฉื˜ืึทื ื“, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืœืขืฆื˜ืขืจ ืžื™ื ื•ื˜ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ 
ื‘ืึทืฉืœืึธืกืŸ ืคึผืจื•ึผื•ื•ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืกื•ื•ืขื’: ืขืจ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทื”ืขืœื˜ืขื ื™ืฉ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืึทืจื™ืฉืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜, ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ 
ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื•ื“ ื“ื ื™ืืœ ื’ื•ื–ืฉื™ืงืŸ; ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื“ืขืจืงืึทื–ืฉืขื˜ ืขืจ ื“ืึธืงื•ืžืขื ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื‘ื™ืจื’ืขืจ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื ื“ื•ืจืึทืก ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขื 22ืกื˜ืŸ 
ืžืึทื™ 1943 ืงื•ืžื˜ ืขืจ ืึธืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืขืœ. 

ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืœืขืฆื˜ืขืจ ืคึผืจืง ืื™ืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ื’ืขื˜ืึธ-ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื ื•ื’ ืงืœืึธืจ. ืœื•ื˜ ื•ื™ ืž. ื‘ืขื’ื ืขืจ 
ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืจื™ื™ื˜, ืื™ืŸ ืึทืคึผืจื™ืœ 1943, ืึท ื‘ืึทื”ืขืœื˜ืขื ื™ืฉ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืงืขืœืขืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืึทืจื™ืฉืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜, ืฐื•ึผ 
ื™ืขื“ืข ื‘ืึทืฐืขื’ื•ื ื’ ื–ืึธืœ ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจืคื™ืจืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืžื™ื˜ื’ืœื™ื“ืขืจ, ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื–ื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื‘ืึทื“ืึทืจืคึผื˜ ืึทื”ื™ืŸ 
ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจ, ืึทืคื™ืœื• ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื‘ื™ื›ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืึทื”ื™ืŸ ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ -- ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ,*'! ื™ืฆื—ืง 


89 


ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืึทื“ืึทืจืคื˜ ืึธื ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืœืฑื™ื˜ืŸ ืคึผืœืึทืŸ, ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึธื’ืจืึธื“ืึธื•ืึท 29, ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืึทืจื™ืฉืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜ ื‘ืึทืœื“ ื ืึธื›ืŸ 
5ื˜ืŸ ืึทืคึผืจื™ืœ. ืœื•ื˜ ืž. ื‘ืขื’ื ืขืจ, ืื™ื– ืึท ื’ืจื•ืคึผืข ืงืขืžืคืขืจ ื“ืึธ ืึทืจืฑืก ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ-- ื ืึธืš ื“ืขื ื•ื™ ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื“ืขื 29ื˜ืŸ 
ืึทืคึผืจื™ืœ ืึทื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ืงืึทื ืึทืœื™ื–ืึทืฆื™ืข-ืจืขืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืœืขืฉื ืึธ ื’ืึทืก ื ื•ืž' 56, ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ.**! ื•ื™ ืขืก ืฐืฒึทื–ื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉืข ื‘ืึทืœืึทื’ืขืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืกื‘ืจื•ืš ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืฉื˜ืึทื ื“, ืฆืขืฉื˜ืขืจื˜ ื™.ืง'ืก ืคึผืœืขื ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืจื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฆืฐื•ึผื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื• ื–ื•ื›ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืกื•ื•ืขื’. ืœื•ื˜ ื•ื™ ืœื™ื™ื–ืขืจ ืœืขื•ื•ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜, ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืื•ื™ืคื–ืขืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืขื‘ืขื ืก-ืคืึทื‘ืจื™ืง, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึทืŸ ื ืึธืš ื’ืขืงืขื ื˜ ืคืจืฒึทื™ ืึทืจื•ืžื’ืฒืŸ, 
ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ื™.ืง. ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื–ื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืคืึทืจืžืึทื›ื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืจ ืฐื•ึผ ืžืข ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ืคื™ืจืŸ ื‘ืจื•ื™ื˜ -- ืื•ื™ืฃ ืคึผืจืึธืกื˜ืึท (ืื™ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ื“ืจื•ื-ื–ืฒึทื˜, ืื™ืŸ ืงืœื™ื™ื ืขื ื’ืขื˜ืึธ) ืฐื•ึผ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื ืึธืš ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ ื‘ืึทื“ืจืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ. ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ ืื™ื– ืขืจ 
ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืึทืจื™ืฉืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜.!*' ื“ืขืจ ืฆื™ืœ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ, ืฐื™ ืขืก ืฐืฒึทื–ื˜ ืื•ื™ืก, ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืกืœืขื ื“ื™ืฉืข 
ื“ืึธืงื•ืžืขื ื˜ืŸ ื›ึผื“ื™ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืฉื™ืงื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืคึผืฑืœืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืึทืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื’ืขืคึผืœืึทื ื˜ืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจื ืึทืฆื™ืึธื ืึทืœืŸ 
ืื•ื™ืกื˜ื•ื™ืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขืคืึทื ื’ืขื ืข. ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคืึทืจื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ื ืึธืš ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ, ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื™-ืงื™ืก 
ื‘ืึทืงืึทื ื˜ืข, ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืš ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืึทืจืฑืก ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืึทื–ืึท ืžืขื’ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜ ?15 

ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืขืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ืึทืฉืขืจื˜ ืฆื• ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื ืึธืš ืื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ, ืคื•ืŸ ืขื ื“ืข ืžืึทื™ 1943 ื‘ื™ื– ืขื ื“ืข ืึทืคึผืจื™ืœ 
4 ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืขืœ ืœืึทื’ืขืจ, ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจืฉื™ืงื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฉื•ื•ื™ืฅ. ืื™ืŸ ืฐื•ื™ื˜ืขืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื‘ืึทื ืฒึทื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืจื™ืฉืข ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืข ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืกื˜ืข ืฉืึทืคื•ื ื’ืขืŸ: "ืคื ืงืก ื•ื™ื˜ืœื™ื™ ืื•ืŸ "ื“ืึธืก 
ืœื™ื“ ืคึฟื•ื ืขื ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื”ืจื’ืขื˜ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืึธืœืง", ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉืข ื“ืจืึทืžืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ื“ืขืจ. ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ 
ืึทืจืฒึทื ืคึฟื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืึทื’ืจืขื ืขืฆื˜ ืฆื•ื ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืŸ ืงืึธื ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื™-ืง'ืก ืฉืึทืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืึทืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข 
ื›ึผืชื‘ื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข. ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืจื™ืฉืข ื™ืจื•ืฉื” ืคึผืึทืจื“ื™ื ื˜ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืึท ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืจื™ืฉืŸ ืึทื ืึทืœื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืข ื–ืฒึทื ืข 
ื›ึผืชื‘ื™ื ื‘ืขืชืŸ ืื•ืžืงื•ื. ืึทื–ืึท ืคืึธืจืฉืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ ืฐืขื˜ ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจ 
ื‘ื•ืš ืฐืึธืก ืฐืขื˜ ื‘ืึทื”ืึทื ื“ืœืขืŸ ื™ืขื“ืข ืื™ื™ื ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ืง'ืก ื’ืจืขืกืขืจืข ืฐืขืจืง ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืึทืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ืจื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื™ืŸ ืฉืึทืคึฟืŸ ื‘ืขืชืŸ ืื•ืžืงื•ื: ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ื•ืžื˜ืงืฒื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืขื˜ืึทืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืึทืคืŸ ืื•ืŸ 
ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื•ื•ืขื ื“ื•ื ื’ ืฆื• ืชึผื "ื›ื™ืฉืข ืžืงื•ืจื™ื, ื™.ืง'ืก ืจืขืึทืงืฆื™ืข ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืฐื™ืจืงืœืขื›ืงืฒื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืึทืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข 
ื“ืจืึทืžืขืก ืžื™ื˜ ืชึผื "ื›ื™ืฉืข ื˜ืขืžืขืก, ื“ื™ ื“ืขืคื™ื ื™ืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื™ื ืข ืคึผืึธืขื˜ื™ืฉืข ืฉืึทืคื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื›ึผื•ืœืœื“ื™ืงืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ื›ึผืชื‘ื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืขืœ. 


ื™ื—ื™ืืœ ืฉื™ื™ื ื˜ื•ืš 


90 


ื”ืขืจื•ืช 


(1) ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืืฑืกื’ืึทื‘ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื, ืชืฉ"ื–, ืึทื ื˜ื”ืึทืœื˜ ื“ืขื ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืคึฟื•ืŸ "ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ืคื•ื ืขื 
ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื”ืจื’ืขื˜ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืึธืœืง", ื“ื™ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉืข ื“ืจืึทืžืขืก "ื—ื ื™ื‘ืขืœ" ืื•ืŸ "ื‘ืžืฆื‘ืื” ื”ืจืืฉื™ืช" ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขื "ืคื ืงืก ื•ื™ื˜ืœ" 
ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉ. ื“ื™ ืึทืœืข ื•ื•ืขืจืง ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืขืœ. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ืืฑืกื’ืึทื‘ืข ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ื™ื 
ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื, ืชืฉื˜"ื–, ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ "ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืจืึทื“ื–ื™ื ืขืจ" ืื™ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืึธืจื™ื’ื™ื ืึทืœ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉืขืจ 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’, ืึท ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉืข ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ "ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื”ืจื’ืขื˜ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืึธืœืง", ืื•ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืึธืคึผืงืœืฒึทื‘ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื™.ืง'ืก 
| ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืฉืจื™ืคื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉ. 


(2) ื“ืึธืก ื“ืขืฉื™ืคืจื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉืขื“ื™ืงื˜ืข, ื”ืึทืœื‘ ืฆืขืคื•ื™ืœื˜ืข ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“ืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ื™ื– ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ื™ืึธืจืŸ, ืึทืŸ ืื•ืžืžืขื’ืœืขื›ืข 
ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜. ืึท ื“ืึทื ืง ื“ื™ ืึทื ื˜ืฐื™ืงืœื˜ืข ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ, ืคึผืึทืจ ืจืขืกื˜ืึทืฐืจืึทืฆื™ืข ืื•ืŸ ืงืึธื ืกืขืจืฐืึทืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“ืŸ, ืคึผืึทืจ ื“ื™ 
ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ื™ืึธืจืŸ, ืื™ื– ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ืจื™ืจืŸ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™. ืขืก ืงื•ืžื˜ ืึท ื“ืึทื ืง ืคืึทืจ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื”ื™ืœืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืœื™ื™ื˜ืขืจื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืžื™ื˜ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืึธืคึผื˜ืฒืœ ืคืึทืจ ืจืขืกื˜ืึทืฐืจืึทืฆื™ืข ืื•ืŸ ืงืึธื ืกืขืจืฐืึทืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึทื ื•ืกืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ืŸ ื‘ืฒึท ื“ืขืจ ื ืึทืฆื™ืึธื ืึทืœืขืจ ืื•ืŸ 
ืื•ื ื™ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ื˜ืขื˜-ื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ืึธื˜ืขืง ืื™ืŸ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, 


(3) ืึท ื“ืึทื ืง ื“ื™ ืื•ืžื“ืขืจืžื™ื“ืœืขื›ืข ืึธื ืฉื˜ืจืขื ื’ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื‘ื™ืช ืœื•ื—ืžื™ ื”ื’ื™ื˜ืื•ืช ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืžืึทื›ื˜ ื‘ืžืฉืš ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืœืขื ื’ืขืจืขืจ 
ืชึผืงื•ืคื”, ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ 50ืขืจ ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืึธืŸ, ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืจืฉื•ืช ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ-ืึทืจื›ื™ื•ื• ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ืœื•ื—ืžื™-ื”ื’ื™ื˜ืื•ืช 
ืงืึธืคึผื™ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืจื•ื‘ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื™ื™ืง'ืก ื•ื•ืขืจืง ืฐืึธืก ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืขืจ ืื™ื ืกื˜ื™ื˜ื•ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข ืคืึทืจืžืึธื’ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึธืจื™ื’ื™ื ืึทืœ, 
ืก'ืจื•ื‘ ื›ืชื‘-ื™ื“ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ืข ืฉืึทืคื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืจื•ื ื˜-ืคึผืจืขืกืข ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ 
ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืขื”ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึทืจื›ื™ืฐื• ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ืœื•ื—ืžื™-ื”ื’ื™ื˜ืื•ืช. ืคึผืจื˜ื™ื ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื’ื•ืจืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืจืึทื˜ืขืฐืขื˜ืข ื•ื™ ืื•ื™ืš ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึฟืึทืœืฑืจืŸ 
ื’ืขื’ืึทื ื’ืขื ืข ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“ืŸ ื–ืข ืื™ืŸ: ื›ืชื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื, ืชืฉื›"ื˜, ื–ื™ 363; ื•ื™ ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ: ื‘ืฉื“ืžื•ืช ื’ืจื•ื›ื•ื‘, ื–ื™ื– 357-356. ืื™ืš 
ื‘ืึทื“ืึทื ืง ื“ืขื ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ืœื•ื—ืžื™ ื”ื’ื™ื˜ืื•ืช, ืฆื‘ื™ ืฉื ืขืจ, ืคืึทืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฐืึทืจืขืžืขืจ ื‘ืึทืฆื™ึธื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ื”ื™ืœืฃ ื‘ืฒึทื 
ืคึผืœืึทื ื™ืจืŸ, ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ื™ืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ืคื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืึทืจืฑืกื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื™ื™ืงื™ืก ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ื›ึผืชื ื™ื. 


(4) ืคึฟืึทืจื’ืœืฒึทืš ืœืžืฉืœ ืขื“ื•ืชืฉืึทืคื˜ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื‘ืึทืฐืฒึทื•ืŸ ืขืก, ื–ืข ืœืฑื˜: ื™ืึทืกื ื™, ื ื•, ื– 94, 382, 412, 418, 
(5) ื“ืึธืจื˜, ื–' 423. 


(6) ื•ื™ ืขืก ื‘ืึทืฐืฒึทื–ื˜ ืจ. ื”ื™ืœื‘ืขืจื’ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ื•ืš: ,}1ืกืฅ ืฉื™ืกืืŸ .65 ืžืกืกืขืกื–ืฉื ืกื•/! /ืก 01100ื–0651 ืกื•ื™ืš 861 ,9ื–ืกื˜//11 
.1973 ,2665 ืฉืฉ ืžื•1ืืž8ื–ืข 


2) ื“ืขืจ ืจื•ืฃ ืฆื• ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืึท ืฐื™ื“ืขืจืฉื˜ืึทื ื“ ืื™ื– ืึธื ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื‘ื ืงืึธื•ื•ื ืขืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ืคึฟืึธืจื’ืขืœื™ื™ืขื ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื“ืขื 
ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ื™ืึทื ื•ืึทืจ 1942 ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืœื ืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ, ืืฑืฃ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ืืฃ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉ. ื–ืข ื“ืขื ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืื™ืŸ: ื“ื•ื•ืึธืจื–ืฉืขืฆืงื™ 
(1948), ื–' 343. ื“ืขืจ ืึธืจื™ื’ื™ื ืึทืœ ื’ืขืคื™ื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืึทืจื›ื™ื• ืคื•ืŸ "ืžื•ืจืฉืช". ื“ืขื ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉืŸ ื ื•ืกื— ื–ืข ืื™ืŸ: ืงื•ืจืฆ'ืืง, ืจ. ื–ื™ 
ื "ื—. 


(8) ืฆืฐื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ืœืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื—ื•ื•ื” ืคึผืึธืœืžืึทืŸ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜-- ื—ื•ื•ื” ืจืึทื‘ืึทืŸ, ืœืขื‘ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ืœื•ื—ืžื™ ื”ื’ื™ื˜ืื•ืช, ืื™ืŸ 
ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ. ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื™.ืง'ืก ืึท ืชึผืœืžื™ื“ื” ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืขืจื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ื’ื™ืžื ืึทื–ื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ "ื“ืจื•ืจ" ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื ื˜ืฒื™ืœ 
ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื™ื™ืง. ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ืกืฆืขื ื™ื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ. ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขื ื˜ืจืขืฃ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ืœื•ื—ืžื™ ื”ื’ื™ื˜ืื•ืช ืžื™ื˜ 
ืชึผืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืื•ืŸ ืœืขืจืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ-ืึธืคึผื˜ืฒืœ ื‘ืฒึทื™ื ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉืŸ ืื•ื ื™ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ื“ืขื 24ื˜ืŸ ืžืขืจืฅ 1976, ื”ืึธื˜ ื—ื•ื•ื” 
ืจืึทื‘ืึทืŸ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ื•ื™ ืึท ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ืœืขืจื™ืŸ, ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจืคึฟื™ืจืŸ ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช, ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืขืจื“ื™ืฉืข 
ืคึผืจืขืกืข ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ืฐืึธืก ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฆื•ืจื™ืงื’ืขื‘ืจืึทื›ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืœื™ืงืฐื™ื“ืึทืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืจื•ื‘ื™ืขืฉืึธื•ื•, ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึทืœื™ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืขื“ื•ืช ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืคืจื•ืžืงืึท ืคึผืœืึธื˜ื ื™ืฆืงืึท 
ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ืึธื’ ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืคืึธืจื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ. ืฆืฐื™ืฉืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข ืžื™ืกื™ืขืก ืื™ื– ื–ื™ ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขืฉื™ืงื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ ืงื™ื™ืŸ 


21 


ื˜ืจืขื‘ืœื™ื ืงืข ื›ึผื“ื™ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ื“ืขืจื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื’ืขืฉืขื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ. ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ืฆื•ืจื™ืงื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ื“ืขื ืืžืช ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ 
ืื™ืจืข ืขืœื˜ืขืจืŸ ืื™ืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื’ืœื™ื™ื‘ื˜. ื™ึดืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืจ ื’ืœืฒึทืš ื’ืขื’ืœื™ื™ื‘ื˜. ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ 
ืื™ืจืข ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ื–ืข ืื™ืŸ: ืชื‘ืข"ืคื™ืจื‘ืŸ (ืคื•ืœืžืŸ), ื–ื–' 15722; ื–ืข 
ืื•ื™ืš: ืคึผื ืงืก ื•ื™ื˜ืœ, ื–' 183-184. 


(9) ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ืึธื ื™ืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื ืคืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข-ื ืขืฅ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ืœืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ืœืขืจ (ื“ืขืจ ืขื™ืงืจ ืคึผืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ืœืขืจื™ื ืก), 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืึทืจืฉืคึผืจืฒื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ, ื•ื™ ืื•ื™ืš ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืึธืขื ื˜ืข ื‘ืึทืฆื™ึดื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื˜ืขื ืขื ื‘ื•ื™ื ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ืงืขืจืžืึทืŸ ืžื™ื˜ 
ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืขืŸ, ื–ืข ื“ื™ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืกืึทื ื˜ืข ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ: ื˜ื ื ื‘ื•ื™ื, ื–ื™ 84, 120, 144; ื–ืข ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืฆื•ืงืขืจืžืึทื ืก 
ืึทืจืฒึทื ืคื™ืจ, ื“ืึธืจื˜, ื–ื™ 17-5, 


(10) ืคืึทืจื’ืœืฒึทื™ืš ื“ื™ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉืข ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’, ืื™ืŸ: ื›ืชื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื, ืชืฉื›"ื˜, ื–ื™ 133, ื“ืขื ืคื•ืœืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ื–ืข 
ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ, ื ื•ืž'4 ื–ื™ 125 - 130. 


(11) ืึธื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืึธืคึผ, ืึท ืคึผืึธืจ ืžืึธืœ, ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคื ืงืก ื•ื™ื˜ืœ. ื“ืขื ืชึผืžืฆื™ืช ืคื•ืŸ 
ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขื“ืึทื ืงืขืŸ-ื’ืึทื ื’ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ "ืื•ืžืคืขื™ืงื™ื™ื˜" ื’ืœืฒึทืš ืฆื• ื‘ืึทื ืขืžืขืŸ ื“ืขื ื ืึทืฆื™-ื‘ืึทืจื‘ืึทืจื™ื–ื, ื’ื™ื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื“ืึธ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ 
ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ (ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’): "ื•ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืื™ื– ืื•ื ื“ื– ืฐืึธืก ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื’ืœื™ื™ื‘ื˜ {ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื 
ืžืึทืกื ืžืึธืจื“ ื•ื™ ืึท ืžืขื’ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ... ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ ื“ืขื ืฆืœื-ืืœื”ื™ื ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–-- ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื’ืœื™ื™ื‘ื˜... ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืก 
ืื•ืžืคืœื™ื™ื˜ -- ืงืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื‘ืึทืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืงืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขืžืึธืœื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ, ื‘ืฒึท ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข ื•ื™ ื‘ืฒึท ื“ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืžืขื ืก ื”ืึทืจืฅ ืขืก ืื™ื– 
ืคืึทืจืึทืŸ ืึท ืฉืžืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืื•ืžืคืœื™ื™ื˜". ื–ืข ื“ืขื ื’ืึทื ืฆืŸ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜, ื“ืึธืจื˜, ื–' 158, 159, 164 ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจื’ืœืฒึทื™ืš ื“ืึธืก ืฐืึธืก ื™.ืง. 
ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืจื•ืฆื— ื‘ืจืึทื ื“ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืฉืขืจืขืจ, ื“ืึธืจื˜, ื–" 181. 


(12) ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ืคื•ื ืขื ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื”ืจื’ืขื˜ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืึธืœืง, ื–ื–' 76-75, ืื•ืŸ ื–ืข ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ื“ืขื ื’ืึทื ืฆืŸ ืคึผืจืง. ืœื•ื™ื˜ืŸ 
ืื™ื ื”ืึทืœื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ืขืงืกื˜, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืขื ื“ืข ื™ืึธืจ 1943 ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืขืœ, ืื™ื– ืงืœืึธืจ ืึทื– ืฆื•ื ืขื ื™ืŸ "ื™ื“ื™ืขื”" 
ื‘ืึทืฆื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื™.ืง. ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืฆืฒึทื˜-ืงืึธื ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ืžืœื—ืžื”. 


(13) ื–ืข: ื—.ื. ืงืคืœืŸ, ืžื’ื™ืœืช ื™ืกื•ืจื™ืŸ; ื™ื•ืžืŸ ื’ื™ื˜ื•ื•ืจืฉื” - 1 ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 1939- 4 ื‘ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 1942. (ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘), ืขื 
ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื•ื™ื“-ื•ืฉื, (ืชืฉื›"ื•). 


(14) ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทื˜ืจืขืคื™ืงืข ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ื–ืข ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ, ื“ืึธืจื˜, ืœื•ื˜ ื“ื™ ืึธื ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืขื ืข ื–ืฒึทื˜ืŸ (ืื™ืŸ ืงืœืึทืžืขืจืŸ ื’ื™ื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืึท ืžืึธืœ ืฆื• ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ 
ื’ืขื ื“ื–ืŸ-ืคื™ืกืœืขืš, ืงืึทืคึผืœืึทื ืก ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉืข ืคึฟืึธืจืžื•ืœื™ืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื‘ืึทืœืฒึทื›ื˜ืŸ ืงืึธื ืงืจืขื˜ ื“ื™ ืขื˜ืึทืคึผืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฆืŸ ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก): ื–ื– 
1, 65-63, 67 ("ืžื™ืชืช ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ"), 73, 78, 87, 95 ("ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื ื™ืื‘ื“ื• ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื™ื—ื™ื”"), 98797, 111, 139, 173, 175, 205, 213, 
8, 219, 232, 243, 261 (ื“ืึธ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืึท ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ื”ืคืกืงื” ืื™ืŸ ืงืึทืคึผืœืึทื ืก ื›ึผืกื“ืจื“ื™ืงืข ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืคืึทืจื ื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ. 
ื“ื™ ื”ืคืกืงื” ืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ "ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœื™ื–ืึทืฆื™ืข" ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ-ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื•ืžืขืจ 1940), 361 (ื“ื™ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ 
ื•ื™ ืึทืŸ ืขื˜ืึทืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ ืึธืคึผืฉืฐืึทื›ื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขื’ืขื ืขืจืึทืฆื™ืข ืคืึทืจ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ), 365, 366, 374, 395 ("ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื ื™ืื‘ื“ื•... ื•ืžื™ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“"?), 
7 ("ืขืœ ืืฃ ื”ืจื•ืฆื— ื—ื™ื” ื ื—ื™ื”"), 433 ("ืื™ืŸ ืžืŸ ื”ื ืžื ืข ืฉื™ื–ืจืงื• ื‘ื ื• ืžืœืžืขืœื” ืคืฆืฆื•ืช ืœื”ืžื™ืชื ื•"), 438 (ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ 1941: "ืื™ืŸ 
ืžืŸ ื”ื ืžื ืข ืฉืœื ืชื’ื–ืจ ื’ื–ืจืช ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ ืืฃ ืขืœ ื•ืจืฉื” ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช"), 451, 455, 484, 494. 


(15) ืก'ืื™ื– ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืึทื– ื—.ื. ืงืึทืคึผืœืึทืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฉืขืคึผื˜ ื˜ืฒืœืฐืฒึทื– ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื ืคืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืขืจื“ื™ืฉืขืจ 
ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ืคึผืจืขืกืข. ื–ืข ืœืžืฉืœ ื“ืึธืก ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ืฒึทื˜ 507 ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึทื˜ืข ื“ืึธืจื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจื’ืœืฒึทืš ื“ื™ 
ื“ืึทื˜ืข ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจืขืคื ื˜ืœืขื›ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืขืจื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ "ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช" ื ื•ืž' 5, ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืžืึธืจื“ ืคื•ืŸ 
ืจืึทื“ื–ื™ื ืขืจ ืจื‘ื™. 


(16) ื–ืข ื“ื™ ืจื™ื™ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืจ' ื”ืขืจืฉ ืื™ืŸ: ืงืคืœืŸ, ื–' 505, 508, 512, 513, 527, 530, 534. 


92 


(17) ื“ื™ ืื•ืŸ ืขื ืœืขื›ืข ืึธื ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขื ืข ื”ืฉื‚ื’ื•ืช ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ึดืฉืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ-ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืง ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ ืกื“ืŸ 
ืึธืคึผื’ืขืคึฟืจืขื’ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท 20 ื™ืึธืจ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทึทืŸ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ "ื“ืžื“ื•ืžื™ื ื•ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื”ื: ืขืœ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืฆื ืœืกื•ืŸ", ื–ืข: ืกื“ืŸ (ืชึผืฉื› "ื’), ื–ื–ื™ 
5. ื–ืข ืื•ื™ืš: ืฉื™ื™ื ื˜ื•ืš (1978) ื–ื™ 123:113. 


(18) ื“ืขื ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ึดืฉืŸ ืžืงื•ืจ ื–ืข ืื™ืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ื‘ืึทื ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืจื™ื, ืชืจืฆ"ื—, ื–ื™ ืื. 
(19) ื–ืข ื“ืึธืจื˜, ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ื™ึทื™ื˜ 1ื. 
(20) ื“ืึธืจื˜, ื–ื™ 261. 


(21) ืขืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจืึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืจื•ืง ืคื™ืจ ื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ืึธื’ืจืึทืคึฟื™ืฉืข ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜-ืจืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื™-ืง'ืก ืฉืจื™ืคึฟื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 

ื›ืจืึธื ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืฉืขืจ ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืฐืึธืก ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ, ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืื•ื™ืš ื“ื™ ืจืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืึทืจืฑืกื’ืขื”ืึธืœืคึฟืŸ. ื“ืขืจ ืขื™ืงืจ ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ืื™ื– 

ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืจืฉื™ืžื” ื‘ืึทื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ื“ื•ืจื›ืงื•ืง ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ-ืึทืจื›ื™ืฐื• ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ืœื•ื—ืžื™ ื”ื’ื™ื˜ืื•ืช. ื“ื™ ืคึฟื™ืจ 

ืจืฉื™ืžื•ืช ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ: | 

(ื) ื™ืฆื—ืง ืฆื•ึทื•ืงืจืžืŸืŸ, "ืขื–ื‘ื•ื ื• (ืฉืœ ื™.ืง.) ื‘ื’ื™ื˜ื• ื•ืจืฉื”", ืžื‘ืคื ื™ื, ื›ืจืš ื™"ื, ื—ื•ื‘ืจืช ื“', ืžืื™ 1946, ืขืž' 656 (20 ืื™ื™ื ืกืŸ). 

(ื‘) โ€ ื ึทื—ืžืŸ} ื‘ืŸืœื•ืžื ื˜ืœืŸ, "ื›ืชื‘ื™-ื™ื“ ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืฆื ืœืกื•ืŸ ื”ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ื’ื ื–ื™ ื‘ื™ืช ืงืฆื ืœืกื•ืŸ", ื“ืคื™ื ืœื—ืงืจ ื”ืฉื•ืื” ื•ื”ืžืจื“, 
ื›ืจืš ื', ืืคืจื™ืœ 1951, ืขืž' 186-185 (38 ืื™ื™ื ืกืŸ). 

(ื’) โ€ "ืžื•ืจืฉืชื• ื”ืกืคืจื•ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ื™.ืง. ืžืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืฉื•ืื”", ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ืช ืœื•ื—ืžื™ ื”ื’ื™ื˜ืื•ืช, ืžืก' 4, ื™ื ื•ืืจ 1954, ืขืž' 13- 
5 (30 ืื™ื™ื ืกืŸ). 

(ื“) "ื™ืฆื™ืจื•ืช ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืฆื ืœืกื•ืŸ ืช"ืฉ-ืชืฉ"ื“", ื›ืชื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื. ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืข ืืฑืกื’ืึทื‘ืข, ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ ืชืฉื˜"ื–-1956, ื–ืฒึทื˜ืŸ 
41(44 ืื™ื™ื ืกืŸ). ืžื™ืจ ืคึฟืึทืจืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ืึธ ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข, ื“ื™ ื“ืจื™ื˜ืข ืื•ื™ืกื’ืึทื‘ืข, ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ ืžืฉื›"ื˜-1969 ืฐืฒึทืœ ืขืก 
ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืœืึธื–ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ, ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ ื˜ืขื›ื ื™ืฉืข ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช, ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธื–ื™ืฆื™ืขืก 32 ื‘ื™ื– 37 ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ืึธื’ืจืึทืคื™ืฉืขืจ 
ืจืฉื™ืžื”; ื–ืข ื“ืึธืจื˜, ื–ื™ 365-364. 


(22) ื–ืข: ืชื‘ืข"ืค- ืจื‘ืŸ (ืคื•ืœืžืŸ), ื–ื™ 16, ืื•ืŸ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ. ื“ืึธ ื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ ืžึดื™ืจ ืึท ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืึธืจื™ื’ื™ื ืขืœืŸ 
ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉืŸ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜. 


(23) ืฆื•ื ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืŸ ืžืึธืœ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ, ืœื•ื˜ ื•ื™ ื–. ื’ืœืขื“ ื’ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ, ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึทืŸ 
ืืฒื™ื ืžืึธืœื™ืงืขืจ ืืฑืกื’ืึทื‘ืข, ืื™ืŸ ืขื™ืŸ-ื—ืจื•ื“, ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืžื—ื™ื™ื ื•, ื ืึธื•ื•ืขืžื‘ืขืจ 1943. ื“ืขื ืคึฟื•ืœืŸ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–. ื’ืœืขื“ 
ืึธืคึผื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ื•ืš, ื–ืข: ื’ืœืขื“, ื–ื–' 21719, ื“ืขืจ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉืขืจ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื“ืึธ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜. 


(24) ื–ืข: ืฆื™ื™ื˜ืœื™ืŸ, ื. (1963), ื–ื™ 9. ื“ืึธืก ืฐืึธืก ื. ืฆื™ื™ื˜ืœื™ืŸ ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ "ืคื ืงืก ื•ื™ื˜ืœ", ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ 
ื–ื•ืžืขืจ 1943, ืฆื•ื ื™ืึธืจืฆืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืขืจืžืึธืจื“ืขื˜ืข ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืจืขื‘ืœื™ื ืงืข ืื•ืŸ 
ื‘ืขืช ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืžืึทืกื ืฐืฒึทื– ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืฆื•ื ื˜ื•ื™ื˜, ืงืขืŸ ื“ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ืึทืŸ ืึทื ืึทืœื™ื– ืคึฟื•ืŸ "ืคื ืงืก ื•ื™ื˜ืœ" ืึทืœืฒืŸ, ืื™ืŸ 
ืงืึธื ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื™.ืง'ืก ื’ืึทื ืฆืŸ ืฉืึทืคืŸ. ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ "ืคื ืงืก ื•ืฑื™ื˜ืœ" ื–ืข: ืฉื™ื™ื ื˜ื•ืš (1979). 
(25) ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืงื–ื™ืกื˜ืขื ืฆื™ืึทืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืคืขื ืึธืžืขื ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืข ืคืึทืจื ืขืžืขืŸ ืึท ืฆืขื ื˜ืจืึทืœืŸ ืึธืจื˜ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืงืึธื ืคึผืจืึธื ื˜ืึทืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื˜ื•ื˜. ื“ืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืœืขื›ืขืจ ืžืฆื‘ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื‘ืึทืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืฐื™ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืœื™ืกืœ- 
ืกื™ื˜ื•ืึทืฆื™ืขืก ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ืœืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืขืก ืงืขืŸ ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ืึทื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืฒึทืกื˜ื™ืงืข ืึทื ื˜ืฐื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ, 
ืคืึทืจื’ืœืฒึทืš: 

.1971 (ื•ื–ืกืž00681) .ืข:/ืง2/0/1080 0ืž8 ืขืคืก1ืกืกืขืคืช 226091601101 10 ืคืข2950 ;0661 /ืก ืขื–ื–/ื/ื–ืฅ 100 ื—ื–00ืก80091 2610 


(26) ืคืึทืจื’ืœืฒึทืš ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธื–ื™ืฆื™ืข "4010 ืกื•ื•ืกื˜ื—ื–ืขืคึผ" ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืจืขืžื™ื ื’ืขืจ, ื–ื™ 836. 


(27) ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืฆื™ื˜ื™ืจื˜ืข ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ, ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ืขืจืงืก ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ืžืจืื”-ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช, ื–ืข ืื™ืŸ: ืจื™ืงืขืจื˜, ื–ื–ึดื™ 49-48, ื‘ืขืจืงืก ื‘ืึทื ืขื 
93 


ืื™ื– ืื™ื™ื’ื ื˜ืœืขืš ืคืึธืจืžื•ืœื™ืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืขื ืœืขื›ืข ื‘ืึทื’ืจื™ืคืŸ ื•ื™ ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ ืขืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืขื ืึธืžืขื ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืฉืŸ-ืขืงื–ื™ืกื˜ืขื ืฆื™ืึทืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืŸ 
ืฆื•ื’ืึทื ื’ ืฆื• ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ื‘ืึทื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ ื–ื™ ืคืึทืจ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆืขื ื˜ืจืึทืœืข ื“ืขืจืฉื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืœืขื›ืขืจ ื’ืฒึทืกื˜ื™ืงืขืจ 
ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜: ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ ื’ื™ื˜ ืึธื ืฆื•ื”ืขืจืขื ื™ืฉ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉื ืก ื‘ืึทื ืขื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ืจืงืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜. ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืžืขืžื“ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ, ืœื•ื˜ ืึทื–ืึท ืฆื•ื’ืึทื ื’, ื”ื•ื™ื›ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ืคึผืึทืกื™ืงืŸ ืฐื™ืกื ืฉืึทืคึผื˜ืœืขื›ืŸ ืคึฟืึธืจืฉื•ื ื’ืก-ื’ืขื‘ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 
ืึทื–ืขืœืขื›ืข ื‘ืึทืœืขืจื ื“ืข ืื™ื ื˜ื•ื™ึดืฆื™ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทืฉืจืฒึทื™ื‘ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืขื“ื•ืช ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ืจืงืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ืขืจ ืœืขื‘ื˜-- 
ืฐืฒึทืœ ื™ืขื“ืข ื•ื•ื™ืจืงืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ (ืึทื–ืฑ ื˜ืขื ื”ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืคืขื ืึธืžืขื ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืฉืขืจ ืขืงื–ื™ืกื˜ืขื ืฆื™ืึทืœื™ื–ื) ืื™ื– ืึท ื’ื™ึทื™ืกื˜ื™ืงืข ืงืึธื ืกื˜ืจื•ืงืฆื™ืข. 
ื–ืข: ืงืขืกื˜ืขื ื‘ืึทื•ื, ืฆื•ื ื‘ืฒึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ-- ื–ื™ 170, ื–ื–ื™ 2757-273, 


(28) ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืฒึทืข ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืชึผื "ืš-ืงืึทืคึผื™ื˜ืœืขืŸ, ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืฆื•ืงืขืจืžืึทืŸ: ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฆื•ืคืจื™ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ 
ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืคื•ืœืขืจ ื™ื”ื•ืืฉ-ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’, ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜ ืœื•ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืืฒึทื ื–ืขืŸ...', ื–ืข: ืฆื•ืงืขืจืžืึทืŸ, ืžื‘ืคื ื™ื, ื™"ื’, ื–ื™ 
2 


(29) ื“ืขื 14ื˜ืŸ ื ืึธื•ื•ืขืžื‘ืขืจ 1939 ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื‘ืœื”ืขืจ, ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจืขื–ื™ื“ืขื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงืึทืœื™ืฉืขืจ ืจืขื’ืขื ืฅ, ืฆื• ื•ื•ืขืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจื ื•ืžืขื ืข 
ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ืœืึธื“ื–ืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึทื“ืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ืจืึทื˜ื™ื•ื• ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜, ืคืึทืจืขืคื ื˜ืœืขื›ื˜ ืึท ื“ืขืงืจืขื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืœื™ื›ื˜ ืคืึทืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืฆื• ื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ืฉืึทื ื“- 
ืึธืจืขืžื‘ืขื ื“ืขืจ. ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธืงื•ืžืขื ื˜ ืื™ื– ืึธืคึผื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ื‘ืฒึท ื˜ืจื•ื ืง, ื™. - ืœืึธื“ื–ืฉ, ื–ื™ 10; ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ ื‘ืฒึท ื™ืึทืกื ื™, 1, ื–ื™ 
7 ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืขื 11ื˜ืŸ ื“ืขืฆืขืžื‘ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื‘ืœื—ืขืจ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืขื ืœืขื›ืŸ ื“ืขืงืจืขื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืึท ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืฉืึทื ื“ืฆืฒื™ื›ืŸ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ 
ื“ืึธืก ืžืึธืœ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืžื’ืŸ-ื“ื•ื“; ื•ื™ ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ื–ืขืŸ ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื“ืึทืŸ ื™.ืง. ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœืึธื“ื–ืฉ. ื™.ืง. ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ 
ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ื“ืขืงืจืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ "ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ืคื•ื ืขื ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื”ืจื’ืขื˜ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืึธืœืง", ื–ื™ 86: "ื ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื“ื™ ืฉืึทื ื“ื‘ืขื ื“ืขืจ ืคืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืŸ 
ืื•ื ื“ื–... ", ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ืึทื– ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื ืข ื˜ืขื’ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืจื•ื™ ื–ื™ืš ืืฒึทื ื’ืขื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ื‘ืฒึทื™ ืื™ื ืขืจ ื–ืึธืœ ืึทืฐืขืงืคืึธืจืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื•ืึทืจืฉืข 
(ื“ืึธืจื˜). ืœื•ื˜ ื•ื™ ื ืชืŸ ืขืง ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜, ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืึทื– ื™.ืง. ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื•ืึทืจืฉืข ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขื 19ื˜ืŸ ื ืึธื•ื•ืขืžื‘ืขืจ 1939, ืขืจ 
ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜: "ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจืขืคื ื˜ืœืขื›ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืึทื– ื˜ืฑื˜-ืฉื˜ืจืึธืฃ ื“ืขืจืฐืึทืจื˜ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ื™ื™ื“ ืฐืึธืก ืฐืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ื ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืฉืœืึธืคืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืึทื›ื˜ ื•ื™ ืื•ื™ืš ื™ืขื“ืŸ ื™ื™ึทื“ ืฐืึธืก ืฐืขื˜ ืึทื–ืึท "ืคึผื•ืฉืข" ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื ืขื›ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื‘ืฒึท ื–ื™ืš, ื”ืึธื‘ 
ืื™ืš ืคืึทืจืœืึธื–ืŸ ืœืึธื“ื–ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ื›'ื‘ื™ืŸ ืึทืฐืขืง ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืขืŸ ื“ืขื 19ื˜ืŸ ื ืึธื•ื•ืขืžื‘ืขืจ 1939. ืงื•ืžืขื ื“ื™ืง ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื•ืึทืจืฉืข 
ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ ืคื™ืœ ื‘ืึทืงืึทื ื˜ืข ืœืึธื“ื–ืฉืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื–ื™ ืื•ื™ืš ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืขืŸ", ื–ืข: ืขืง (ืชืฉ"ืš), ื–ื™ 194 
ืื•ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจื’ืœืฒึทืš ื–ื™ 195, ื“ื™ ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ื ืชืŸ ืขืง ืจืขื“ื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ืฒื˜ืฒืœ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืœื”ืขืจืก ื“ืขืงืจืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 14ื˜ืŸ 
ื ืึธื•ื•ืขืžื‘ืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืขืŸ ื‘ื™ื– ื’ืึธืจ ื‘ืึทืฉืฐืขืจื˜ ื“ืึธืก ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœืึธื“ื–ืฉ (ืคืึทืจื’ืœืฒึทืš: ื™ืึทืกื ื™, 1, ื“ืึธืจื˜). 


(30) ื–ืข ื“ื™ -ื™ืช-ืขื“ื•ืชืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจืคึผืึธืœื’ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืœื™ื’ืขื ืฅ ืื•ืŸ ื›ึผืœืœ-ื˜ื•ืขืจ, ืื™ืŸ ื™ืึทืกื ื™, 1, ื–ื–ื™ 94791, 


(31) ื–ืข ื“ืขื ื‘ื™ืึธื’ืจืึทืคึผื™ืฉืŸ ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœ, ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ: ืื•ื•. != ื.ืฐ.ื™ืึทืกื ื™ืŸ "ื‘ื™ืึธื’ืจืึทืคื™ืฉืข ื ืึธื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืง 
ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ", ืคึผืึธืœืงืกืฆื™ื™ื˜ื•ื ื’ (ืฐืึทืจืฉืข), ื™ื•ืœื™ 22, 1948, ื–ื™ 13. ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืขืจ ืžื—ื‘ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœ ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื˜ ืึทื– 
ื™ื™ืง. ืื™ื– ืึทื ื˜ืœืึธืคึฟืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข ืื™ืŸ ื ืึธื•ื•ืขืžื‘ืขืจ 1939. ื™.ืง. ืึทืœืฒืŸ, ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื™ืขื ืข ื˜ืขื’, ื–ืึธื’ื˜: "ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืžืึธื ืึทื˜ืŸ 
ืื™ืŸ ืœืึธื“ื–ืฉ ืฐืขืœ ืื™ืš ืžื™ืš ื ืึธืš ืฆื•ืจื™ืงืงืขืจืŸ" (ืคึผื ืงื˜ ื•ื™ื˜ืœ, ื–ื™ 160). 


(32) ื™.ืง. ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ "ืคื ืงืก ื•ื™ื˜ืœ" ืึทื–: "ื ืึธืš ื“ืขื ื•ื™ ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื“ืจืฒึท ื˜ืขื’ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš 
ืฆื•ืคึผืขืœื™ืง ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื™ื“ื–ืฉื•ื™ื ื˜ื™" (ื“ืึธืจื˜). ื ืชืŸ ืขืง ืฉืจืฒื™ื‘ื˜ "ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืœืขืฉื ืึธ ื’ืึทืก ื ื•ืž' 13 ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืึทืŸ ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื‘ื™ื•ืจืึธ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืื™ื™ื ื™ืงื˜ืŸ ืงืึธืžื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื™ื ืกื˜ื™ื˜ื•ืฆื™ืขืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ืกืึธืฆื™ืึทืœืขืจ ืึทืœืฒื ื”ื™ืœืฃ, ืฐืึธืก ืฐืขืจื˜ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืฉื˜ื™ืฆื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื™ื“ื–ืฉื•ื™ื ื˜ื™... ื“ืึธ ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธืคึฟืŸ ื™. ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืขืŸ". ื–ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข, ืขืง ืื•ืŸ ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ ืจืขื“ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื–ืขืœื‘ืŸ ืึธืจื˜, ืึธืŸ 
ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ืคืœ (ืคืึทืจื’ืœืฒึทืš ื‘ืฒึท ื—.ื. ืงืคืœืŸ: "ืฆืขืฐืฒื™ื˜ืึธืงื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจืฉืžืึทื›ื˜ืข, ื”ื•ื ื’ืขืจื™ืงืข ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื“ืจื™ืงื˜ืข ื‘ืึทืœืึทื’ืขืจืŸ ื–ื™ 
ืžืึทืกื ืฐืฒึทื– ื“ืขื ืึทืจืฒึทื ื’ืึทื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื–ืฉื•ื™ื ื˜ (ืœืขืฉื ืึธ 13)" (ืงืคืœืŸ, ื–ื™ 88). 


(33) ื–ืข: ืคื ืงืก ื•ื™ื˜ืœ, ื–ื™ 161. ื“ืึธืก ืฐืึธืก ื™ื™ืง. ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื‘ืึทืฆื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืื™ื‘ืขืจืœืขื‘ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ 
ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื“ืขืฆืขืžื‘ืขืจ 1939 ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ ื”ืึทืœื‘ ืงืœืึธืจืข ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื’ื•ืจืœ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืžืฉืคึผื—ื”. ืคืึทืจื’ืœืฒึทืš 


24 


ื“ื™ ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ืฐืึธืก ืข. ืจื™ื ื’ืขืœื‘ืœื•ื ืคึผืึทืจืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื˜ ื“ืขื 15ื˜ืŸ ื“ืขืฆืขืžื‘ืขืจ 1939: "ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืœืึธื“ื–ืฉ ื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืจื™ืงืข ื’ืจื•ืกืŸ: ืคืึทืจื”ืึทืคึผื˜ืขื˜ 
ืึทืœืข ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸื™ืฉืขืŸ ืึทื“ืฐืึธืงืึทื˜ืŸ, ื“ืึธืงื˜ืฑืจื™ื ืื•ืŸ ืœืขืจืขืจ. ืงืึทืฆืŸืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸื ืขืŸ, ืคืจืฑ ืื•ืŸ 3 ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจื ื™ืจื˜.. 
(ืจื™ื ื’ืขืœื‘ืœื•ื, ื–, ื–ื™ 39). 


(34) ื–ืข: ืงื•ืจื ื™ืึทื ืกืงื™, ื–ื™ 639. ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื™.ืงื™ืก ืื™ื‘ืขืจืœืขื‘ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืึธื ื”ืฒื‘ ืžืœื—ืžื” ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื– ืžืึทื™ื™ื™ื•ื ื™ 1940, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ 
ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืจื•ืจ-ื”ื—ืœื•ืฅ ืื™ื– ื‘ืึทื ืฒึทื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืฆื•ืงืขืจืžืึทืŸ ืจืขื–ื•ืžื™ืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ื—ืœืง ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ 
ื™ืง. "ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœืึทื’ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืขืœ", ื›ืชื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื, ืชืฉื›"ื˜, ื–ื™ 358, ืคืึทืจืขื ื“ื™ืงื ื“ื™ืง: "ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ 
ื“ืขืจืฉืœืึธื’ืŸ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืขื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื™ื˜... ืฆื• ืžืึธืœ ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืึทืฐืขืงืฉืœืขืคึผืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ืฉืจืขืงื ื“ื™ืงืข ื’ืึทืกืŸ, ื‘ื™ื– ืฆื• 
ืฆื“ืงื”-ืึทื ืฉื˜ืึทืœื˜ืŸ, ื›ึผื“ื™ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ื‘ืฒึทื™ื ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืžืฉืคึผื—ื” {ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข ื“ืขืจื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื• ืื™ื ืขืจืฉื˜ ืื™ืŸ 
ื™ืึทื ื•ืึทืจ 1940}. ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื“ืจื•ืง ืคืึทืจ ื“ืึธืก ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ื•ื™ื ื˜ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืคื™ืœื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ (ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ืŸ 
ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ. ื“ื™ ืงื•ืึทืœืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืึทืคืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉืึธื˜ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืฆื˜ (=ื“ืึทืŸ ื‘ืึทืงืขื ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืจื•ื™ืข ื˜ืขื’ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื’ืขืœื™ื™ืžื˜ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ื•ืžื˜ืงืฒื˜. ื‘ืžืฉืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืจืฒึทื™ ืคืขืจื˜ืœ ื™ืึธืจ, ืคื•ืŸ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ืžืœื—ืžื” ืึธืŸ ื‘ื™ื– ื™ื•ื ื™ 1940, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืึธืจื ื™ื˜ 
ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ". ืขืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจืึทืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืžืงื•ืจื™ื ืฐืึธืก ื‘ืึทื˜ืึธื ืขืŸ ืึทื– ื ืึธืš ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜-ืžืœื—ืžื” ื”ืึธื˜ ื™.ืง. 
ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ื›ึผืžืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฆืŸ ืฆื• ืฉืจืฒึทื™ื‘ืŸ, ื–ืข: ืœื•ื™ืŸ, ืœ., ื– 647. 


(35) ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจืŸ ืึทืจืฑืกืคืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืžืึทื›ื˜ ื“ืจืฒึท ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืข ื›ึผืœืœ-ื˜ื•ืขืจ. ื“ืขืจ ื“ื•ืจื›ืคืึทืœ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ืึธื ืฉื˜ืจืขื ื’ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื‘ืฒึทื ืกืึทืžืข ืฉืฐืขืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขื ื“ื’ื™ืœื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืจืขืึทืœื™ื–ืึทืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื™-ืง'ืก ืคึผืœืขื ืขืจ, ืขื•ืœื” ืฆื• ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ 
ืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ, ืึทืŸ ืึทืœื˜ืขืจ ื—ืœื•ื ื‘ืฒึท ืื™ื, ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื˜ืขืจื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื˜ืขื’ ืื•ืŸ ืึทืจืฑืกื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ื‘ืฒึท ืื™ื ืคึผืขืจื–ืขื ืœืขื›ืข 
ื‘ืึทืฉื•ืœื“ื™ืงื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืงืขื’ืŸ ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜ืข ืคึผืขืจื–ืึธื ืขืŸ. ืคื•ืœืข ืคึผืจื˜ื™ื ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืึทื ืฆืขืจ ืคึผืจืฉื” ื–ืข ื‘ืฒึท ื ืชืŸ ืขืง, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืึทืœื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ 
ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึทื ื“ื™ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืคืึทืจ ืขืœื™ื” ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขืงืขื ื˜ ืึทืจืฑืกืคืึธืจืŸ: ืขืง (ืชืฉ"ืš), ื–ื–ื™ 197-196; ืคืึทืจื’ืœืฒื™ืš ืื•ื™ืš ื‘ื™ื™ 
ืœื•ื™ืŸ, ืœ., ื–ื™ 646. ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื•ื™ ืึทื–ืฑ ื“ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ืคืึทืจืื™ื™ื ื™ืงื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืŸ, ื–ืข: ืึทื•ื•., ื–ื™ 13; ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ 
ืคื•ื ืขื ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื”ืจื’ืขื˜ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืึธืœืง, ื–' 86. 


(36) ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืœื™ืคึผืข ื‘ืœืึธืš ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืงืึทื ื˜ืกื˜ืข ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคึผื˜ืœืขื›ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ 
ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืจื•ื ื˜-ื‘ืึทืฐืขื’ื•ื ื’. ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืง ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉืข 
ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ-ืงืจืฒึทื™ื–ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ื™ืฉืขืจ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ-ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคื˜ "ืชึผืงื•ืžื”", ืฐื™ ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธื ื˜ื™ื™ืœ-ื ืขืžืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ื–ื™ืฆื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึทืจืฐืึทืœื˜ื•ื ื’ ื‘ืฒึทื ืขืžื ื•ืืœ ืจื™ื ื’ืขืœื‘ืœื•ื-ืึทืจื›ื™ื•ื•, ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืฐื•ึผืกื˜ืขืจ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืขืจื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืึทืจื›ื™ื• ืคื•ืŸ 
ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ. ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืฑืœืŸ ืื™ื– ื.ืœ. ื‘ืœืึธืš ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธื ืคึผื™ืจืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืœื’ืขืžืฒื ืข ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ืกื˜ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ 
ืฆืขื ื˜ืจืึทืœืŸ ืงืจืŸ-ืงื™ื™ืžืช-ื‘ื™ื•ืจืึธ. ื‘ืขืช ื“ืขืจ ื ืึทืฆื™ืฉืขืจ ืึธืงื•ืคึผืึทืฆื™ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ืคืึธืจืœืขื–ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืขืจื“ื™ืฉืข 
ืกืขืžื™ื ืึทืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื—ืœื•ืฆื™ืฉืข ื‘ืึทืฐืขื’ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ. ื–ืข ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’ื‘ื•ืš ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื‘ึฟืจื”ื ืœืขื•ื•ื™ืŸ (ืœื•ื™ืŸ, ื., ื–ื™ 0, 
ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื–ืข ื“ื™ ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื‘ื™ ืฉื ืจ, ื“ืขื ืจืขื“ืึทืงื˜ืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ื‘ื•ืš, ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ื™ 212-211, ื“ืึธืจื˜. ื‘ื™ืึธื’ืจืึทืคื™ืฉืข ืคึผืจื˜ื™ื 
ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื.ืœ. ื‘ืœืึธืš ื–ืข ื‘ืฒึท: ื ื™ื™ืฉื˜ื˜, ื–' 269-268. 


(37) ืขืคึผืขืก ืฐืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคื™ืœื‘ืึทืจืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืึทื˜ื™ืง, ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื˜ืขืจื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึทืจืฉื˜ืขืจื•ื ื’, ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท 
ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ืฒื˜ืฒื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืœืขื‘ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื ืข ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ืคึฟืึทืจืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืกื™ืจื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืงืึธื ืงืจืขื˜ืข 
ืžืขื’ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืฆื• ืคืึทืจืœืึธื–ืŸ ืคึผืฑืœืŸ, ืฐืขืจื˜ ื‘ืึทืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืฉืึทืจืฃ ื‘ืฒึท ื—.ื. ืงืึทืคึผืœืึทืŸ, ื–ืข: ืงืคืœืŸ, ื–ื–ื™ 1917189, 212-211. 


 )38(โ€ "ืงื•ืžื˜ ืืฑืก ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืขืœื™ื”-ืงืึธืžื™ืกื™ืข 'ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ืึทืจืึธืคึผื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืจื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’'", ืขืง (ืชืฉ"ืš), ื–ื™ 197. ื“ืึธืก 
ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื™.ืงื™ืก ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ, ืฆื™ื˜ื™ืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืชืŸ ืขืง, 


(39) ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ื’ืขืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ื‘ืึทืฉืฐืขืจื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ, ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ืึธืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืคึฟืึทืœืขื ืขืจ 
ืขืœื™ื”, ืึธื ื”ืฒื‘ 1940, ื ืึธืจ ืื•ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืคืึทืจืฉืœืขืคึผื˜ืŸ ืกื›ืกื•ืš, ื ืึธืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืจืฒึทื™ืกื™ืงืขืจ ื™ืึธืจืŸ. ืฐื™ ื ืชืŸ ืขืง ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜, ื–ืฒึทืขื ื“ื™ืง 
ืึทืœืฒึทึทืŸ ืคืึทืจืžื™ืฉื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื, ืื™ื– ืึธื ื”ืฒื‘ ื™ืขื ืข ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืืฑืกื’ืขื‘ืจืึธื›ืŸ ืึท ืงืึธื ืคืœื™ืงื˜ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื™.ืง. ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื•ื ื’ื˜- 


95 


ืคืึทืงื˜ืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ึดืฉืŸ ืœืึธื“ื–ืฉืขืจ ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข. ืื•ื™ืš ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืกื›ืกื•ืš ื”ืึธื˜ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ืคื™ืœืŸ ืื™ืŸ 
ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ื‘ืึทืฆื™ึธื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืข ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืกืขืงื˜ืึธืจืŸ, ื–ืข: ืขืง (ืชืฉ"ืš), ื–ื–ื™ 197, 193-192. ืื•ื™ืš ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ 
ื“ืขื ืฉืจืฒื™ื‘ื˜ ืขืจ ื“ืึธืจื˜: "ื ืึธืš ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ืื•ืŸ ืึทืคึผื™ืœื• ืื™ืŸ ืฐื™ื˜ืขืœ ืœืึทื’ืขืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืขืŸ ื’ืขื”ื™ื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ 
ืคืึทืจืคึผืœืึธื ื˜ืขืจื˜ ืฆื• ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ืกื›ืกื•ืš". 


(40) ื–ืข:ื™ืึทืกื ื™, 1, ื–ื™ 116, ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจื’ืœืฒึทืš ื–ื™ 115 ื“ืึธืจื˜. ื–ืข ืื•ื™ืš: ืึทื•ื•., ื–ื™ 13, 
(41) ื–ืข:ื™ืึทืกื ื™, 1 ื“ 115, 128, 153. 


(42) ื“ืึธืจื˜, ื–ื–' 123-119. ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืฆืขื ื˜ืจืึทืœืŸ ืึธืจื˜ ืฐืึธืก ื“ืขืจ ืงืึทืคึผืข "ืึทืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืึท" ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืึทืจื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจืขืœืŸ ืื•ืŸ 
ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืจื™ืฉืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืœืึธื“ื–ืฉืขืจ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืœื™ื’ืขื ืฅ, ื–ืข ื‘ืฒึท: ื’ืึธืœื“ืงืึธืจืŸ, ื–ื™ 36. 


(43) ื–ืข:ื™ืึทืกื ื™, 1,ื– 111. 


(44) ืคืึทืจื’ืœืฒึทื™ืš ืžืจื™ื ื ื•ื‘ื™ืฅ', "ืขื ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืฆื ืœืกื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื—ื ื” ื•ื™ื˜ืืœ", ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ืช ืœื•ื—ืžื™ ื”ื ื™ื˜ืื•ืช, ื ื•ืž' 6-5, ืึทืคึผืจื™ืœ 
4, ื–' 8. 


(45) ื–ืข: ื”ืขืจื” ื ื•ืž' 34 ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืฒึท ืžืจื™ื ื ืึธื•ื™ื˜ืฉ, ืœืฑื™ื˜ืŸ ืžืงื•ืจ ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฆื™ื™ื›ื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืขืจื” ื ื•ืž' 44. ื–ืข ืื•ื™ืš: ืึทื•ื•., ื– 13. 


(46) ื–ืข ืฐืึธืก ื—.ื. ืงืึทืคึผืœืึทืŸ ืฉืจืฒึทื™ื‘ื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ "ืงืึธืžืคึผืœืขื˜ืŸ", ื“ืขื 14ื˜ืŸ ื“ืขืฆืขืžื‘ืขืจ 1939, ืื™ืŸ: ืงืคืœืŸ, ื–ื™ 113, ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ 
ื–ื™ 156-155, 


(47) ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืžืฆื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข ื‘ืขืชืŸ ืžืœื—ืžื”-ืื•ื™ืกื‘ืจื•ืš, ื–ืข: ื ืฉืžื™ืช, ื–ื™ 100-98. 
(48) ื–ืข ื™ืฆื—ืง ืฆื•ืงืขืจืžืึทื ืก ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื, ืชืฉื›"ื˜, ื–ื™ 358. 


(49) ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ-ื”ื›ืฉืจื” ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืจ ื‘ืึธืจืึธื›ืึธื•ื• ืื™ืŸ ืœืึธื“ื–ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทื ื™ื™ื˜ืข ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ 
ืฐืึทืจืฉืข ื‘ืขืช ื“ืขืจ ืžืœื—ืžื”, ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ ื‘ืึทืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื•ืš: ืกืคื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅื™ื”ื›ืฉืจื”; ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ืข"ืฉ 
ื‘ืจื•ื›ื•ื‘ ื‘ืœื•ื“ื–' ื•ื‘ื ื•ืชื™ื”. (ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘) ืชืฉ"ืœ. ื“ืขืจ ืœืขืฆื˜ืขืจ ืกืขืงืจืขื˜ืึทืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืึธืจืึธื›ืึธื•ื•- ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ืื™ืŸ ืœืึธื“ื–ืฉ, ื™ื•ืกืฃ 
ืงืึธืจื ื™ืึทื ืกืงื™, ื‘ืึทืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื‘ืจื•ืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžืœื—ืžื” ืื•ืŸ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ (ื–ืข: ื–ื–' 350-347). 


(50) ื–ืข: ืœื•ื‘ื˜ืงื™ืŸ, ื–' 446, 452. 


(51) ื“ืึธืจื˜, ื–ื–' 462-460, ืคึฟืึทืจื’ืœืฒึทืš ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจืฆืฐืฒึทื’ื˜ืข ืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืขื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืฐืขื’ื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืฆืึธืœ, ืคื•ืŸ ืขื ื“ืข 1939 
ื‘ื™ื– ื–ื•ืžืขืจ 1942, ืื™ืŸ: "ืื™ื ืขืจืœืขื›ืข ืงืึธืจืขืกืคึผืึธื ื“ืขื ืฅ", ืžืึทื™ 1942 ื ื•ืž' 4, ืึทืŸ ืื™ื ืขืจืœืขื›ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื•ืœืขื˜ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ "ื“ืจื•ืจ" ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– 
ืคืึทืจื˜ื™ื™ืœื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ืข ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธืฐื™ื ืฅ ื“ื•ืจืš ืคึผืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ืœืขืจ, ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ืข ืคืึทืจ ื’ื•ื™ื™ื. ืื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ืึธืก ื ืฒึท ืึธืคึผื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื ืึธืš ื“ืขืจ ืžืœื—ืžื” ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉืขืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’, ืื™ืŸ: ื“ืคึผื™ื ืœื—ืงืจ ื”ืฉื•ืื” ื•ื”ืžืจื“, 
ืžืืกืฃ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ื™ื ื•ืืจ-ืืคืจื™ืœ 1951, ื–ื–ื™ 150-149. ืžื™ืจ ืฆื™ื˜ื™ืจืŸ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืœืขืฆื˜ืŸ ืึธืคึผื“ืจื•ืง. 


(52) ื–ืข: ืื™ื ืขืจืœืขื›ืข ืงืึธืจืขืกืคึผืึธื ื“ืขื ืฅ, ื•ื™ 156-155, ื•ื™ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ื™ ื”ืขืจื•ืช ื ื•ืž' 23, 24, ื“ืึธืจื˜. ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื˜ื™ืคืŸ ืืฒึทื ื“ืจื•ืง 
ืฐืึธืก ื™-ืง'ืก ืœืขืงืฆื™ืขืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืžืึทื›ื˜ ื‘ืขืช ื“ื™ ืกืขืžื™ื ืึทืจืŸ, ื–ืข: ืงื•ืจื ื™ืึทื ืกืงื™, ื–ื™ 640 (ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ: ืกื™ืคื•ืจื• ืฉืœ 
ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ-ื”ื›ืฉืจื”, ื–ื™ 324). ืึท ื’ืขื ื•ื™ืข ื‘ืึทืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ "ื“ืจื•ืจ"-ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืื•ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืึธืคึผืฉืึทืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื™-ืง'ืก ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืฒึทืขืจ, ื–ืข ืื™ืŸ: 
ืœื•ื‘ื˜ืงื™ืŸ, ื–ื–' 466-464, 


(53) ื–ืข ืฆื•ื ื‘ืฒึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ: ืชื‘ืข"ืค-ืจื‘ืŸ (ืคื•ืœืžืŸ), ื–ื™ 16; ืœื™ื™ื–ืขืจ ืœืขื•ื•ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืึธื›ื˜ืขืจืก ืืฒึทื ื“ืจื•ืงืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ 
ื™ื™ืง. ื•ื™ ืึท ืœืขืจืขืจ, ืื™ืŸ: ืžื‘ืคื ื™ื, ื‘ืึทื ื“ ื™"ื, ื”ืขืคึผื˜ ื“', ืžืึทื™ 1946, ื–ื–' 647-646; ื™ืขืœ ืกืึทืง, "ื”ื’ืžื ืกื™ื” ืฉืœื ื•" ื•ึธืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ, 


6 


ืกืคืจ ื“ืจื•ืจ, ื–ื–' 406-404; ื–ืข ืื•ื™ืš: ื™ื•ื ืช ืกื ื“, "ืขื ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืฆื ืœืกื•ืŸ", ืžื‘ืคื ื™ื, ื›ืจืš ืž"ื, ืกืชื™ื• ืชืฉ"ืž 19791}, ื’ืœ' 4*3, 
ื—' 319-3:7, 


(54) ืงื•ืจื ื™ืึทื ืกืงื™, ื–ื™ 639. ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ืคึผืึธืจ ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืฆื™ื˜ื™ืจื˜ืข ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขืฉื˜ืจืึธื›ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ -- ื™"ืฉ. 


(55) ื–ืข: ืœื•ื™ืŸ, ืœ., ื– 647; ืœื•ื‘ื˜ืงื™ืŸ, ื– 463; ืฆื•ืงืจืžืŸ- ืžื‘ืคื ื™ื, ื™"ื’, ื–ื™ 30- ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจื’ืœืฒึทืš: ื›ืชื‘ื™ื 
ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื, ืชืฉื›"ื˜, ื–' 358; ืงื•ืจื ื™ืึทื ืกืงื™, ื–ื–' 640-639. ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ ืึทืœืฒืŸ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ืึทื˜ืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืจื•ืจ-ื”ื—ืœื•ืฅ, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ืคื•ื ืขื ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื”ืจื’ืขื˜ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืึธืœืง (ื“ืึธืจื˜, ื–ื™ 94). 


(56) ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ื–ืข ืื™ืŸ: ื‘ืฉื“ืžื•ืช ื’ืจื•ื›ื•ื‘, ื–ื–' 355-354, 357-356. ื–ืข ืื•ื™ืš: ืื™ื ืขืจืœืขื›ืข ืงืึธืจืขืกืคึผืึธื ื“ืขื ืฅ, ื–' 
0 ืงื•ืจื ื™ืึทื ืกืงื™, ื–ื–ื™ 6417640. ืึท ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืข ื‘ืึทืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื•ื ื’ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื˜, ื–ืข ืื™ืŸ: ื‘ืขื’ื ืขืจ, ื–ื–' 87-86, 
ืœืฑื™ื˜ืŸ ืงืึธื ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืื™ื– ืงืœืึธืจ ืึทื– ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทื–ื•ืš ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืฉืขืจื ื™ืึทืงืึธื•ื• ืื™ื– ืคืึธืจื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื ืึธื›ืŸ ืคืึทืจืžืึทื›ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ืื™ืŸ 
ืฐืึทืจืฉืข. 


(57) ื–ืข:ื ื™ื™ืฉื˜ื˜, ื–ื™ 218. ื–ืข ืื•ื™ืš: ืชื‘ืข"ืค - ืจื‘ืŸ (ืคื•ืœืžืŸ), ื–'17;ืœื•ื‘ื˜ืงื™ืŸ, ื–ื–' 467-466. ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทื“ื™ื ื’ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ 
ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ืึทื ื˜ืฐื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ-ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืœื”ื‘ื“ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฐืฒึทืœื•ื ื’ ืกื”ึผื, ื–ืข: ื˜ื•ืจืงืึธื•ื• 
(1948), ื–ื–ื™ 255-195, ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจื˜ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืข ืจืึธืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื™ื–-ืงืึธืžื™ื˜ืขื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคึผื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืงื™ื›ืŸ 
ื‘ืฒึทื ื“ืขืจื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ-ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ. ื–ืข ืื•ื™ืš: ืื•ืฑื™ืขืจื‘ืึทืš (1974), ื–' 66:65. 


(58) ื–ืข: ืœื•ื‘ื˜ืงื™ืŸ, ื–' 452, 455; ื’ื•ื˜ืžืŸ (ืชืฉืœ"ื”), ื–ื™ 59-57, 184. 


(59) ื–ืข: ื’ื•ื˜ืžืŸ (ืชืฉืœ"ื”), ื–ื™ 184-180. ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื‘ืึทื”ืึทื ื“ืœื˜ ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื“ื™ ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ 
ืคืึธืจื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื”ืฑื™ืคึผื˜ ื‘ืฒึท ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉ-ื—ืœื•ืฆื™ืฉืข ื‘ืึทืฐืขื’ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ืžืœื—ืžื” ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืง 
ืื™ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืื™ื ืขืจืœืขื›ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืฑืœืŸ. ื–ืข ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ืึท ืงื•ืจืฆืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื‘ืœื™ืง ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ืจืขืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ืึทืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืจื•ืจ-ื”ื—ืœื•ืฅ 
ื’ืœืฒึทื™ืš ื ืึธื›ืŸ ืžืœื—ืžื”-ืื•ื™ืกื‘ืจื•ืš. 


(60) ื–ืข ื‘ืฒึทื ืกื•ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ "ืขืคืขื ื•ื ื’ ืฆื• ืึท ืชึผื "ืš-ืึธื•ื•ื ื˜". 


(61) ื–ืข: ื’ื•ื˜ืžืŸ (ืชืฉืœ"ื”), ื–ื–ื™ 2117209. ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ื’ืจื•ื™ืœ-ืื™ื‘ืขืจืจืึทืฉื•ื ื’, ื•ื™ ืึท ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ 
ืžืึทืกื ืžืึธืจื“ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ, ืงื•ืžื˜ ืคืึธืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื—ืœื•ืฆื™ืฉืขืจ ื‘ืึทืฐืขื’ื•ื ื’ ื ืึธืš ื“ืขื ืฐื™ ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืฉืœื™ื—ื™ื ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึธืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื•ืึทืจืฉืข 
ืื™ืŸ ืึธืงื˜ืึธื‘ืขืจ 1941. ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึทืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื™ืขื“ืข ื ืฒึทืข ืื™ื ืคืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ืื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืข ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ืข ืขื“ื•ืชืฉืึทืคื˜, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืš 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืฆืขืžื‘ืขืจ 1941 ืื•ืŸ ื™ืึทื ื•ืึทืจ 1942, ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทืจืงื˜ ื“ืขื ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืขื ื“ืœืขืš ื“ืขืจืคื™ืจื˜ ืฆื• ืึท ื‘ื”ื“ืจื’ื”ื“ื™ืงืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืจ 
ืคึผืขืจืžืึทื ืขื ื˜ืŸ ืื•ืžื‘ื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื•ื’ื ื˜-ื‘ืึทื•ื•ืขื’ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืึธืœื™ื˜ื™ืฉืข ืจื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ื‘ื™ื– ืขืก ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื ืกื•ืฃ 
ืึทื ื˜ืฉื˜ืึทื ืขืŸ ื–ื•ืžืขืจ 1942 ืึท ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ื‘ืึทืฐืึธืคึผื ื˜ืข ืงืึทืžืคืก-ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ืึทืฆื™ืข. ืึท ื’ืขื ื•ื™ืข ื‘ืึทืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ืึทื ืฆืŸ ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก, ื–ืข 
ื‘ืฒึท: ื’ื•ื˜ืžืŸ ืชืฉืœ"ื”, ืคืจืง ื”'- "ื˜ืจื ื”ื”ื’ืœื™ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื”" - ื–ื–' 254-209, 


(62) ื–ืข: ื’ื•ื˜ืžืŸ (ืชืฉืœ"ื”), ื–ื™ 225-224. 


(63) ื“ืึธืก ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื˜ืขื ืขื ื‘ื•ื™ื-ื˜ืึทืžืึทืจืึธืฃ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข - ืžืขืจืฅ 1942 (ืื™ื™ื ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืฑืคึผื˜ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ื“ืจื•ืจ-ื”ื—ืœื•ืฅ ื‘ืึทืฐืขื’ื•ื ื’), ืฐื™ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืึธืก ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืช ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ืœื ืขืจ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธืจื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืคึฟืึทืจืื™ื™ื ื™ืงื˜ืขืจ 
ืคึผืึทืจื˜ื™ื–ืึทื ืขืŸ ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ืึทืฆื™ืข (ืค.ืคึผ.ืึธ), ื•ื•ืขืžืขื ืก ืฆื™ืœ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฆื• ืคืึทืจืฉืคึผืจืฒื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข ื’ืขื˜ืึธืก ื“ืขื 
ืจื•ืฃ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืฐืึธืคึผื ื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืฉื˜ืึทื ื“ ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืึทืกื ืžืึธืจื“ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ืขืจื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ ืฐืฒึทืœ ื–ื™ 
ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ ืึทืจืขืกื˜ื™ืจื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ - ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืึท ืกื™ืžืŸ ืคืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื‘ื™ื˜ืขื ืข ืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืจื•ืจ- 
ื”ื—ืœื•ืฅ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข ื‘ืึทืฐืขื’ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืจืึทื“ื™ืงืึทืœ ื’ืขืขื ื“ืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืฆื•ื’ืึทื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทื ืขื ื ืึธืš ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืœ- 


97 


ื ืึทื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 17ื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ 18ื˜ืŸ ืึทืคึผืจื™ืœ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– ืงืœืึธืจ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ื“ืฒึทื™ื˜ืฉืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื‘ืึทืฉืœืึธืกืŸ ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ ืฆื• ืึทื˜ืึทืงื™ืจืŸ ื“ืขื 
ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืจื•ื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืขืจ. ื–ืข: ืฆื•ืงืจืžืŸ- ื“ืคื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ื“ืœื™ืงื”, ื–' 5; ื’ื•ื˜ืžืŸ (ืชืฉืœ"ื”), ื– 221. 


(64) ื–ืข ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืื™ื ืขืจืœืขื›ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื‘ืฒึทื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืฉื‚ื’ื•ืช ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืื•ืžืงื•ื ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืจื•ืจ- 
ื”ื—ืœื•ืฅ-ื‘ืึทืฐืขื’ื•ื ื’, ืื™ืŸ: ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื˜ื ื ื‘ื•ื™ื. ื“ืคื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ื“ืœืงื”:; ืคืจืงื™ ื™ื•ืžืŸ, ืžื›ืชื‘ื™ื ื•ืจืฉื™ืžื•ืช... (ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘), ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ 
ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“, ืชืฉ"ื— - (1947). 


(65) ื–ืข ื“ืขื ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ึดืฉืŸ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜, ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืงืจืžืŸ- ื“ืคื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ื“ืœื™ืงื”, ืชืฉ"ื—, ื–ื–' 8-7. 


(66) ื“ืขื ืคื•ืœืŸ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉ, ื–ืข ืื™ืŸ ืคื ืงืก ื•ื™ื˜ืœ, ื–' 176. ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื“ืขื 
0ืกื˜ืŸ ืืฑื’ื•ืกื˜ 1943. ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื‘ืึทืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืกืึธืจื˜ ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขื“ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืจื•ื ื˜-ื‘ืึทื•ื•ืขื’ื•ื ื’, 
ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืฆื™ื—ื•ืช ืคื•ืŸ ืฆืขื ื“ืœื™ืงืขืจ ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืึธื ืึทืจ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืœื ืข ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืชึผืงื•ืคื” ืคื•ืŸ ืืฑืกืจืึธื˜ื•ื ื’ 
ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืœื ืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ื‘ืขืช ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ืžืึธื ืึทื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ 1941, 


(67) ื–ืข: ื˜ื ื ื‘ื•ื™ื, ื–ื–' 126:124. ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืฐืขืจื˜ืขืจ ื˜ืขื ืขื ื‘ื•ื™ืžืก, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื‘ืขืชืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ 
ืื•ื™ืคืฉื˜ืึทื ื“ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจ ืึทืœืฒื™ืŸ ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืึทืœื™ืกื˜ืึธืงืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ืฆื•ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ื ื“ื™ืง ื“ืขื ื“ืึธืจื˜ื™ืงืŸ 
ืื•ื™ืคึผืฉื˜ืึทื ื“, ืฉืคึผื™ื’ืœืขืŸ ื˜ืจืฒึท ืึธืคึผ ื“ื™ ืึทื ื˜ืฐื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืขืจื“ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ืจื•ืจ-ื”ื—ืœื•ืฅ ื ืึธื›ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื‘ืจื•ืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉื™ 
ืกืึธืฐื™ืขื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืžืœื—ืžื”, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื”ืขืœืคื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ 1941. ืžื™ื˜ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ืขืจ ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ืงื™ื™ื˜ 
ืฉื˜ืึธืœืฅ ืฆื• ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื–ื™ื›ืขืจืŸ ื˜ื•ื˜ ืึทื ื˜ืงืขื’ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืึทื ื˜, ืื™ื– ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื˜ืขื ืขื ื‘ื•ื™ื ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ, 
ืื™ืŸ ืžืขืจืฅ 1942, | 


(68) ื–ืข: ื’ื•ื˜ืžืŸ (ืชืฉืœ"ื”), ื–ื™ 237-236. ื–ืข ืื•ื™ืš: ืฆื•ืงืจืžืŸ- ื“ืคื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ื“ืœืงื”, ื– 6. 
(69) ื–ืข: ืฆื•ืงืจืžืŸ- ืžื‘ืคื ื™ื, ื™"ื’, ื–' 36. ืคืึทืจื’ืœืฒึทืš ืื•ื™ืš ืืฑื‘ืŸ ื”ืขืจื” ื ื•ืž' 8. 


(70) ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึฟืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ืขื ืื•ื™ืกื‘ืจื•ืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžืœื—ืžื” ืื™ืŸ ืžื–ืจื— -- ื–ื•ืžืขืจ 1941 -- ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืขืึทืœื™ื–ืึทืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ "ืขื ื“ื’ื™ืœื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืœื™ื™ื–ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ-ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขื" ื“ื•ืจืš ืึท ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ืŸ ืžืึทืกื ืžืึธืจื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ื–ืข: ืžืืจื˜ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืฉืื˜, "ื”ื™ื˜ืœืจ 
ื•ืจืืฉื™ืช 'ื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ืกื•ืคื™'", ื™ื“ื“ื•ืฉื: ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ืžื—ืงืจื™ื, ื›ืจืš ื™"ื’, ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืชืฉ"ืž (1979), ื–ื–ื™ 61-- 98 (ื“ืขืจ ืขื™ืงืจ, ื–ืฒึทื˜ืŸ 
5-- 79). 


(71) ืื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฒึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืึท ืกืš ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ืึธื ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขื ืขืจ ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’ ืึทื– ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ ืื™ื– ืึท "ืœืฒึทื›ื˜ืขืจ ืฆืขื™ืึทื›ืžืขืจื˜ืขืจ" 
ืœื™ืจื™ืฉืขืจ ืคึผืึธืขื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท "ืฉืคึผื™ืœืขืฐื“ื™ืงืŸ ืงืึทืคึผืจื™ื–ื ืขื" ืฆื•ื’ืึทื ื’ ืฆื•ื ืœืขื‘ืŸ, ื–ืข ืื™ืŸ ืœืขืจื ื‘ื•ืš ืคื•ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื ืชื•ืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื–ื•ืŸ, 
ืกืคืจื•ืชื ื• ื”ื—ื“ืฉื”, ื‘ืึทื ื“ ืื™ื™ื ืก, ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ืื—ื™ืืกืฃ, ืชืฉ"ื“ -- ืฐืึธืก ืฉืคึผื™ื’ืœื˜ ืึธืคึผ, ื•ื™ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื’ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ืœืขืจื ื‘ื™ื›ืขืจ, 
ืคึฟืึทืจืฉืคึผืจืฒื˜ืข ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื•ื™ ืจื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง, ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช-ื”ืจื‘ื™ื. ื–ืข ืื•ื™ืš ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืžื•ืœื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“. ืฉืžืขื•ื ื•ื‘ื™ืฅ 
ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื™ื™ืง. ื“ืขื "ืฉืคึผื™ืœืงื™ื ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื ืฒื™ืขืจ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉืขืจ ืคึผืึธืขื–ื™ืข", ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืฐืึธืก ืฐืขืจื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ื˜, ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ืึทืจืฒึทื ืคึฟื™ืจ ืฆื•! ื›ืชื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื, ืชืฉ"ื–, ื–ื™ ื. ืื•ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจื’ืœืฒึทืš: ืฆื™ื™ื˜ืœื™ืŸ, ื., (1963), ื–ื™ 7, ื•ื™ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ื™ ืึทืจืฒึทื ืคื™ืจ- 
ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ: ืขืง (1964), ื–ื–ื™ 26-25. ื“ืขืจ ืขื™ืงืจ ื–ืข ื“ืขื ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื’ื™ื˜ืœ ืžื™ื™ื–ื™ืœ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืขืŸ, ืื™ืŸ 
ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ (ื ื™ื•-ื™ืึธืจืง), ืžืขืจืฅ 1946, ื”ืขืคื˜ 3, ื–ื–' 37-34. ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืงืœืึธืจ ืึทืจืฑืกื’ืขื”ืฑื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ื™ืกืคึผืจืึธืคึผืึธืจืฅ 
ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึธื ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขื ืขืจ ื“ืขื” ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ืคึผืึธืขื–ื™ืข ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ืฉื˜ืจื™ืš ืฐืึธืก ืฐืึธืจืฆืœื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจืข ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ 
ืึธืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฆืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืœืขื›ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึทื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืงื™ื•ื. 


(72) ื“ืขืจ ืฆืขื ื˜ืจืึทืœืขืจ ื“ืึธืงื•ืžืขื ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ืขื ืขื ื™ืŸ, ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ื”ืงื“ืžื” ืฆื• ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื“ืจืฒึท ื‘ืขื ื“ืขืจ ืœื™ื“ืขืจ-- ืฉื™ืจื™ื, ืชืจืฆ"ื—, ื–ื– 
ื–ื-ื–ื–ืืื, ืึธืคึผื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ: ืฉื™ืจื™ื, ืชืฉืœ"ื”. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืงื“ืžื” ืžืึทื›ื˜ ื™.ืง. ืึท ื“ื™ืŸื“ื•ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื•ื™ ืึท ืคึผืึธืขื˜. 
ืœืฑื™ื˜ืŸ ืื™ื ื”ืึทืœื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืจื™ื™ื“ ืึธื ื’ืขืฐืขื ื“ื˜ ืžืชึผืจืฅ ืฆื• ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืข ืงื•ืฉื™ื•ืช ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืขื ื•ึนืช ืฐืึธืก ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืจ 


98 


ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื”ืึทื˜ ืฆื• ืื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืš ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืึธืจืŸ, ื˜ืึทืงืข ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืขื ื™ืŸ: ืจืขืึทืงืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืฉืจืฒึทื™ื‘ืขืจ ืฆื• ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืข ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืจื“ื™ืคื•ืช ืื•ื™ืฃ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ. ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืš ืงืœืึธืจ ืึทื– ื™.ืง. ืคืึทืจืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืึธ ืคืึทืจ ืงื™ื™ื ืขื ื ื™ืฉื˜, ื ืึธืจ ื‘ืจืขื ื’ื˜ 
ืคืึทืจืŸ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืึทืŸ ืืฒื™ื’ื ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ ืฐืึธืก ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ืฒื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ืฒึทื ืก -- ืฆื• ื–ืฒึทื™ืŸ ืขืจ ืึทืœืฒืŸ, ืฐืฒึทืœ ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ืœ ื ื™ืฉื˜ 
ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ืงืขืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ (ืคืึทืจื’ืœืฒึทืš ื“ืึธืจื˜, ื–ื–' 18ื-8ื6). 


(73) ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืจื™ื, ืชืจืฆ"ื—, ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื‘ืึทื ื“, ื–ื–' 58-55, ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืฉื™ื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืจื™ื, 
ืชืฉืœ"ื”, ื–ื™ 287"284, 


(74) ื–ืข: ืœืขืฉืฆื™ื ืกืงื™ (1951). ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ื•ืš ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืŸ ืื•ืžืžื™ื˜ืœื‘ืึทืจืŸ ืจื•ืฉื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉืŸ. ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจ ืฉืคึผื™ื’ืœืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื ืึธืคึผ ื“ื™ ืึทื˜ืžืึธืกืคืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ืข ืจืขืึทืงืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื™ื˜, 
ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืคึผืจืขืกืข. 


(75) ื–ืข: ืฉื™ืจื™ื, ืชืจืฆ"ื—, ื–ื–'ืŸืื.11ืื. ืึทืœืข ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขืฉื˜ืจืึธื›ืขื ืข ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ . ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก. 
(76) ื–ืข ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื™ื›ืขื ื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“ ื‘ืฒึทื™ื ืึธื ืคืึทื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื“ืจื™ื˜ืŸ ืึทืงื˜, ื–ืข ื“ืึธ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืงืกื™ืžื™ืœื™ืข ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ืฒึทื˜ 295. 


(77) ืื™ืŸ ื“ืจื•ืง ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื™ื›ืขื ื•ื ื’ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืจืึทื›ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ, ืก'ืื™ื– ื ืึธืจ ืึธืคึผื’ืขื”ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืฆืขื ื™ืฉืข ืึธื ืฐืฒึทื–ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื ืงืก 
ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืจืขื›ื˜ืก: "ื‘ืึทืจื™ืขืจืขืก ืจืขื›ื˜ืก" ืื•ืŸ "ื‘ืึทืจื™ืขืจืขืก ืœื™ื ืงืก", ืคืึทืจื’ืœืฒึทืš: ืขืœ ื ื”ืจื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืœ, ื– 66. 


(78) ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืจื™ื, ืชืจืฆ"ื—, ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื‘ืึทื ื“, ื–ื–' 157-156, ืื•ืŸ ืื•ึนื™ืšึฐ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืจื™ื, ืชืฉืœ"ื”, ื–ื–' 2617-260, 
(79) ื–ืข: ืงืขืกื˜ืขื ื‘ืึทื•ื, ื–ื–' 17-16. 


(80) ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืฑื˜, ื•ื™ ืึทืŸ ืึทืงื˜ื™ืฐืฑืจื ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ืจืงื ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืคืึทืงื˜ืึธืจ ืื™ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉื ืก ืœืขื‘ืŸ, ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืžื™ื˜ืŸ 
ืคื™ื–ื™ืฉืŸ ื˜ื•ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืขืจืคึผืขืจ. ืื•ื™ืš ืึท ืกื™ืžื‘ืึธืœื™ืฉืขืจ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜, ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืคึผืขืจื–ืขื ืœืขื›ืŸ ืฐืขืœื˜ื‘ืึทื ืขื ืฐืึธืก ืฆืขืคืึทืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ืึธืš ื“ืขื 
ื•ื™ ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืžื™ืคื•ืœ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืึธืจื’ื”ืึทืคึผื˜ื™ืง ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ, ืื•ื™ืš ืึทื–ืึท ื˜ื•ื˜ ืื™ื– ื‘ื›ึผื•ื— ืฆื• ืฆืขื˜ืจื™ื™ืกืœืขืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ืึทืฐื•ึผืกื˜ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ 
ืื™ื ืคึผืฒึทื ืœืขืš ื‘ืึทืื•ืžืจื•ื™ึดืงืŸ, ื–ืข ื‘ืฒึท: ืงืขืกื˜ืขื ื‘ืึทื•ื, ื–ื™ 14. 


(81) ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธืขืžืข ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ: ื“ืžื“ื•ืžื™ื, ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ, ื•ืจืฉื” ืชืจ"ืข (1910), ื–ื–ื™ 99- 
2 ืื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืจื™ื, ืชืจืฆ"ื—, ื‘ืึทื ื“1ื’ืŸ, ื–ื“' 2817247 - ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืขืžืข ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื‘ื™ื˜ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ "ื”ึฒื•ึดื™ 
(ืžื–ืžื•ืจื™ ื™ื•ื-ื™ื•ื)". ืขืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขืžืึทื›ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ื•ืึทืœืข ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ 
ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืฉืคึผื™ื’ืœืขืŸ ืึธืคึผ ืื•ื™ืš ืึทืŸ ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ ื‘ืฒึท ื™.ืง. ื‘ืฒึทื ืึธืคึผืฉืึทืฆืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ืึทื˜ืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืึธื’ืจืึธืžืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ: ื“ืึธืก ืฆืฒึทื˜ืฐืฒึทืœื™ืงืข 
ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืึท ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืงืข ื“ืขืจืฉืฒื™ื ื•ื ื’, ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉ ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจืฐืึทื ื“ืœื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืœืขื‘ื ืก-ื•ื•ื™ืจืงืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ -- ื“ืึธืก ืฐืึธืก 
ืื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืขืŸ, ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืึท ื˜ืึธื’-ื˜ืขื’ืœืขื›ืงืฒื˜. ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธืขืžืข ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉืขืจ ืคึผืจืขืกืข, ื ืึธื›ืŸ ืคึผืึธื’ืจืึธื ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ืฉื™ื ื™ืขื•ื•-- ื–ืข: "ื”ืคืจืขื•ืช ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• (ืžื–ืžื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื)", ื”ื–ืžืŸ, ืฉื ื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื”, 
ื›ืจืš ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ (ื—ื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ื–ื™ื˜) ื™ื•ืœื™-ื™ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 1905, 


(82) ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ: ื“ืžื“ื•ืžื™ื, ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ, ื–ื–' 25724. ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึทืจืฒึทื ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ: ืฉื™ืจื™ื, 
ืชืจืฆ"ื—. ืคืึทืจื’ืœืฒึทืš ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ "ื‘ืœื™ืžื”", ืื™ืŸ ื“ืจื™ื˜ืŸ ื‘ืึทื ื“, ื–ื–' 35730. ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ "ืืœื’ื™ื”" ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ 
ืื™ืŸ: ืฉื™ืจื™ื, ืชืฉืœ"ื”. ื–ืข ื“ืขื ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื“, ืฐืึธืก ืžื™ืจ ื“ืจื•ืงืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ืฒึทื˜ืŸ 20-- 21, 


(83) ืื‘ืจื”ื ืœืขืฐื™ื ืกืึธืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึทื–ืึท ืื•ื™ืกืคื™ืจ ื’ืขืžืึทื›ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ: ื”ืคื•ืขืœ ื”ืฆืขื™ืจ, 
ื™ืึธืจ ืœ"ื˜, ื”ืขืคื˜ 36, 25.5.1946, ื–ื–ื™ 978. ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ื•ืš: ื›ืชื‘ื™ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืœื•ื™ื ืกื•ืŸ, ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘, ืชืฉื˜"ื–- 
(ืชืฉื™"ื˜), ื–ื–' 2037202. ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื˜ ืขืจ: "ื™ืฆื—ืง ื•ืงืฆื ืœืกื•ืŸ) ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืžื›ืื•ื‘ื™ื•. ื•ื‘ืžื›ืื•ื‘ื™ื• ื ืชืขืœื” ืจื•ื—ื• ื•ื ืชื—ื“ื“ื” ืจืื™ื™ืชื• 
ืœื—ื–ื•ืช ืžื—ื–ื•ืช-ืื—ืจื™ืช, ืžื—ื–ื•ืช ื”ื”ื™ืื‘ืงื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขืœื™ ืื“ืžื•ืช. ืขื•ื“ ื‘ืฉื ืช 1930 ื”ื•ื ืฉืจ ืฉื™ืจื• "ืืœื™ ืงื™ืจ"... ื•ื‘ื”ืงื“ืžืชื• 


99 


ืžืฉื ืช 1938 {ืก'ื“ืึทืจืฃ ื–ืฒึทืŸ: 1937!} ื”ื•ื ื›ื•ืชื‘: 'ื’ื ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉืื ื• ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืืœ ื”ืงื™ืจ...' ื•ื’ื•ื™." (ื–' 203). 
(84) ื–ืข: ื”ืงื“ืžืช ืชืจืฆ"ื–, ื–ื™ื–ื’ืืื; ืฉื™ืจื™ื, ืชืฉืœ"ื”, ื–ื™ 38. ืื•ืŸ ื–ืข ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื–ืŸ ืกื•ืฃ. 


(85) ื–ืข: ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืืฆืขื ืขืœื–ืื”ืŸ, ื‘ื—ื•ืจื™ื; ืงืืžืขื“ื™ืข... ื•ื•ืืจืฉื 1908. ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืืฑื™ืฃ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื—ื‘ืจ ืื™ืฃ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ึดืฉ. ืื™ืŸ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉ ื“ืขืจืฉื™ื ืขืŸ ืื™ื– ื™ืึธืจ ืชืจืข"ื. 


(86) = ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืฆื™ื˜ื™ืจื˜ืข ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ, ื‘ืึทื˜ืึธื ื˜ ื‘ืขืกืงื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืžื•ื– ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื‘ืฒึทื˜, ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืกืžืš ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ืกื•ื‘ื™ืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื’ืขืคื™ืœ ืึทื–: "ื“ืึธ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜". ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ื˜ ื™.ืง. ืื™ืŸ "ื‘ื“.:ื™ื™ื?, ื‘ืขืกืงื™ื ืก ื‘ืึทื–ื™ื ื•ื ื’ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืขื ืœืขื‘ืŸ, ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผื™ืึธื ืขืจื™ืฉืขืจ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื ืขืžื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืึทืฆื™ืึธื ืึทืœืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืœืขื‘ื– ืื™ืŸ ืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ, 
ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึทืกื˜ื™ืจื ื“ื™ืง ืึทื–ืฑ ืึทืจื•ื ืื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื—ื•ืจื™ื ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ื˜ื™ื˜ืœ "ื‘ื—ื•ืจื™ื" ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืžื™ื ื™ื ืคืึทืจืื™ื™ื ื™ืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ 
ืื™ื™ืŸ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’. ืึทื– ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืืฒื™ื ืžืึธืœื™ืงืขืจ ืฆื•ื’ืึทื ื’ ืฆื• ืึทื–ืึท ืขืงื–ื™ืกื˜ืขื ืฆื™ืึทืœืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืึทื˜ื™ืง ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขืŸ, 
ืคึฟืึทืจื’ืœืฒึทื›ื ื“ื™ืง ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืŸ ืขื ืœืขื›ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืฆื™ึธื•ื ื’ ืฆื• ื“ืขื ืขื ื™ืŸ-- ื–ืข ืœืžืฉืœ ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ "ื ืฉืฃ ื—ืฉืง" (ืชืจืค"ื“), 
ืฉื™ืจื™ื, ืชืจืฆ"ื—, ื‘ืึทื ื“ ื“ืจืฒึท, ื–ื“' 226-224 ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจื’ืœืฒึทืš ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“, ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืืฑืฃ ืึทืŸ ืืจื™ืŸ-ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœื“ื™ืงืขืจ 
ื˜ืขืžืึทื˜ื™ืง, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืขืจื” ื ื•ืž' 89. 


(87) ื“ืขืจ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื“ ืื™ื–: "ืื‘ื“ื”". ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ ืชืจืค"ื” ื‘ืขืช ื™.ืง'ืก ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืืจืฅ-ื™ื™ื˜ืจืืœ. 
ื–ืข: ืฉื™ืจื™ื, ืชืฉืœ"ื”, ื–ื™ 233. ืคืึทืจื’ืœืฒึทืš ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืœื™ื“ "ืขืœ ื”ืจื™ืกื•ืช", ื“ืึธืจื˜, ื–ื™ 234. 


(88) ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ "ืคึผืขืžื•ื ื™ื" ืื™ื– ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ; ืฉื™ืจื™ื, ืชืจืฆ"ื—, ื–' 133:128; ืฉื™ืจื™ื, ืชืฉืœ"ื”, ื–' 240-235. 


(89) ื–ืข: ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืฆื ืœืกื•ืŸ, ื”ื ื‘ื™ื; ื—ื–ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช, (ืœื•ื“ื–' ืชืจืค"ื‘). ืืฑืฃ ื–ืฒึทื˜ 4, ื“ืึธืจื˜, ืื™ื– ืึธื ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ื“ืึทื˜ืข: ืชืจ"ืข ืชืžื•ื–-ืชืจืข"ื– ืื‘. ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึธื ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืข ืฐื™ ื™ืขื ืข ืชึผืงื•ึผืคื” ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ื™.ืง. ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื 
ื˜ืขืึทื˜ืขืจ-ืฉืคึผื™ืœ ืึธื ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ. ืึทืคื™ืœื• ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื˜ืึทืงืข ืึทื–ืฑ, ืื™ื– ืขืก ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื ื•ื’ ืคึผื™ื ืงื˜ืœืขืš, ืฐืฒึทืœ ืžืข ื“ืึทืจืฃ ื ื™ืฉื˜ 
ื‘ืึทื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ "ื”ื ื‘ื™ื" ื•ื™ ืึท ืฉืึทืคื•ื ื’ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืึทื ื˜ืฉื˜ืึทื ืขืŸ ื•ื™ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฆืข ื˜ืขืงืกื˜-ื ืึธื›ืึทื ืึทื ื“ื™ืงืฒื˜. ื•ื™ ืขืก 
ื–ืขื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ "ื”ื ื‘ื™ื" ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ, ื“ืขืจ ืขื™ืงืจ, ืื•ื™ืฃ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ 
ืคืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืข, ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืขืœ ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’, ื ืึธืจ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข 
ืฆืฒึทื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืึธืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืคึผืœืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ "ื”ื ื‘ื™ื". ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื˜ืึทืงืข ืึทืจื•ื 10 ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ื“ืขืจ- 
ืงืจืึทื ืฆืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืฆื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืชืจ"ืข-ืชืจืข"ื•, ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืึทืจืฒึทื ื’ืขืคึผืึทืกื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ 
ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’. ื•ื™ ืึท ื‘ืฒึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ ื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ืึธื ืฐืฒึทื–ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื“ืขืจ -- ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ 
ืึธืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ "ื”ื ื‘ื™ื" ืื•ืŸ ืฐื•ึผ ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจ: 


ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื“ (ื“ืึทื˜ืข) ืฉื™ืจื™ื, ืชืจืฆ"ื— ื”ื ื‘ื™ื, ืชืจืค"ื‘ 
1 ื‘ืฉื“ื” ืฉื•ื ื, (ืชืจ"ืข) ื›ืจืš ืฉื ื™, ืข' 7463 ืขื™ 31-21 

2 ืžื˜ื”, (ืชืจ"ืข) ื›ืจืš ืฉื ื™, ืฆื™ 30-29 | ืข' 36735 

3. ื ื•ืคืœ ื•ื’ืœื•ื™ ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื, (ืชืจืข"ื) ื›ืจืš ืฉื ื™, ืข' 2157-213 ืข' 56-54 

4 ื™ืจื™ื‘ื™ื, (ืชืจืข"ื) ื›ืจืš ืฉื ื™, ืข' 164-158 ืขื™ 75770 

5 ืคื–ืžื•ืŸ, (ืชืจืข"ื’) ื›ืจืš ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ืขื™ 70 ืขื™ 43 

6 ื˜ื”ืจื”, (ืชืจืข"ื’) ื›ืจืš ืฉืœื™ืฉื™, ืข' 147-143 ืขื™ 94790 

7 ืืฉืจ, (ืชืจืข"ื”) ื›ืจืš ืฉื ื™, ืข' 134-130 ืขื™ 1717170, 


100 


,2 


1754 
8. ื—ืคืฆื™-ื‘ื”, (ืชืจืข"ื•) ื›ืจืš ืฉืœื™ืฉื™, ืข' 237-229 ืฆื™ 189-182 
9 ืžื ื’ื™ื ื”, (ืชืจืข"ื•) ื›ืจืš ืฉืœื™ืฉื™, ืข'188-184 ืขื™ 2057-201 
0 ืขื ื”ื›ื™ื ื•ืจ, (ืชืจืข"ื•) ื›ืจืš ืฉืœื™ืฉื™, ืข' 223-219 ืข' 2117206 


(90) ื“ืขื ืคืจืึทื’ืžืขื ื˜ืึทืจืŸ ื›ืึทืจืึทืงื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทื”ืึทื ื“ืœื˜ ื’ืจืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืงื“, ืขืจ ื–ืึธื’ื˜: "ืคื•ืŸ 
ืกื˜ืจื•ืงื˜ื•ืจืึทืœืŸ ืฉื˜ืึทื ื“ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ืื™ื– "ื”ื ื‘ื™ื" ืึท ืคืจืึทื’ืžืขื ื˜ืึทืจื™ืฉ ื˜ืขืึทื˜ืขืจ-ืฉืคึผื™ืœ. ื–ื™ื™ื ืข ืกืฆืขื ื™ืฉืข ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ 
ืฆื•ืคืขืœื™ืงืข. ื“ื™ ืกืขืงื•ื•ืขื ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืจืึทืžืึทื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืœืึธื’ื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึทืงืฆื™ืข, ื ืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท 
ืคื™ืœื–ืฒื™ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ื‘ืึทืœืฒื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื“ืจืึทืžืึทื˜ื™ืฉืŸ ืžืฆื‘ ื“ื•ืจืš ืœื™ืจื™ืฉืข ืจืขืคืœืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ืข ืžืคืจืฉื™ื" - ื“ืขื ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ึดืฉืŸ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ื–ืข 
ืื™ืŸ: ืฉืงื“, ื–ื™ 160. ืื™ื™ื ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืคืึทืจ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืคืจืึทื’ืžืขื ื˜ืึทืจื™ืฉืงืฒื˜ ื–ืขื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ืฆื• ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธืจื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืจืึทืžืข ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืฐื™ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฆืขืจ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ื ืึธืจ ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ 
ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื•ื™ ืึท ืžืึธื–ืึทื™ึทืง ืฐืึธืก ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื‘ืึทื–ื™ื ื˜ ื“ื•ืจื›ืŸ ื‘ืฉื•ืชืคื•ืชื“ื™ืงืŸ ื˜ืจืึทื“ื™ืฆื™ืึธื ืขืœืŸ-ืชึผื "ื›ื™ืฉืŸ ืงืึธื ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืคืึทืจ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉืŸ. 


(91) ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืกื™ืžื‘ืึธืœื™ืฉืŸ ื‘ืึทื˜ืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืœืขืงืขืจ ื‘ืฒึท ื™.ืง., ื–ืข ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœ "ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื‘ื™ื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื™ื•ืฆืจื•ืช", ื”ื™ึทื™ื ื˜, 
6.. 


(92) ื“ืขืจ ืึธืคืขื ืขืจ ื‘ืจื™ื•ื• ืื™ื– ืฆื• ืขืจืฉื˜ ืึธืคึผื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ื ื˜, ื ื•ืž' 31, ืคื•ืŸ 5ื˜ืŸ ืคืขื‘ืจื•ืึทืจ 1936. ืึท 
ืคึผืึทืจืงื™ืจืฆื˜ืขืจ ื ื•ืกื— ืื™ื– ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืจืึธืฉื•ืจ: ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืคื˜ื• ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื•ื ื’ืŸ ื“ื•ืจ, ื•ื•ืืจืฉื 1936. ื“ืขืจ 
ืึธื‘ื™ืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ืขืจ ืžืฆื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื—ืœื•ืฆื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืื™ื– ื‘ืืžืช ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืขืจ ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ ื“ืขื ืฐืึธืก ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืืจืฅื™ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึทืจืฒึทื ื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคื˜ ืื™ื– ืคึผืฑืœืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืžืขืจ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื•ื•ืขื’ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ; ื–ืข ื“ื™ ืกื˜ืึทื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืข 
ืคืึทืงื˜ืŸ, ืœืฑื˜: ืฉื ืจ (ืชืฉ"ืœ), ื–ื™ 359. ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข ืึธื ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืึทื– 406 ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื—ืœื•ืฆื™ื ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฐืขืŸ 
ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ 5 ื‘ื™ื– 6 ื™ืึธืจ ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ"ื”ื›ืฉืจื” ื‘ืึธืจืึธื›ืึธื•ื• ืื™ืŸ ืœืึธื“ื–ืฉ, ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืก'ืื™ื– ื–ื™ื™ ื“ืขืจืžืขื’ืœืขื›ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืขื•ืœื” ืฆื• ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ 
ืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ; 2606 ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ 3 ื‘ื™ื– 4 ื™ืึธืจ. ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื“ื™ืกืงื•ืกื™ืข, ื•ื™ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ 
ื“ืขืจืฉืฒื™ื ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื—ืœื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ื›ืœืœ, ื“ืึทืจืฃ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืึทื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ ืื™ื– ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืžึผืงื•ืคื” ื‘ืึทืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ 
ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืจืึธืžืึทืŸ, ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ื—ืœื•ืฅ-ืึทืงื˜ื™ืฐื™ืกื˜ืŸ. ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืคืึธืจื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืงืึทืžืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ืึธื˜ 
ื“ืขืจ ื™ื•ื’ื ื˜ ืึธื ืฆื•ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ, ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืคืึธืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืฆื™ึดื•ื ื’ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ ืžืฆื“ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคื˜, ื–ืข: ืžืจื“ื›ื™ 
ื”ืึทืœื˜ืขืจ, ืžื™ืจ ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ืš: ืจืึธืžืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื›ืฉืจื”-ืœืขื‘ืŸ, ืฐืึทืจืฉืข 1937. 


(93) ื–ืข ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ื“ืขื ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ: "ืฆื• ื‘ื™ืึทืœื™ืงืก ื”ืฒึทื™ืขืจื™ืงืŸ ื™ืึธืจืฆืฒึทื˜", ืึท ืคึผื ื™ื ืึธื ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืขื ื“ืข ื™ื•ืœื™ 1940. 
ืคืึทืจื’ืœื™ื™ืš ื“ืขืจ ืขื™ืงืจ ื“ืขื ืกื•ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœ. 


(94) ื–ืข ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจื’ืœืฒึทืš ื“ืขื ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ: " ืœืขืคืขื ื•ื ื’ ืฆื• ืึท ืœืขืจืขืจ-ืžืกื™ื‘ื” ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืกื“ืจ-ื ืึทื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ 
ืชืฉ"ื‘ = ". ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื”ืึทื ื’ ื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืึท ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ึดืฉืŸ ืžืงื•ืจ, 


(95) = ืื™ื™ื ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆืขื ื˜ืจืึทืœืข ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ืงืขืกื˜ืขื ื‘ืึทื•ืžืก ื‘ื•ืš ืื™ื–-- ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืจืขืึทืงืฆื™ืข ืคึผื ื™ื-ืืœ-ืคึผื ื™ื ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื˜ื•ื˜ ืื™ื– 
ืคืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื’ืึทื ืฆืŸ ืื™ื ืขืจืœืขื›ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก, ื–ืข ืงืขืกื˜ืขื ื‘ืึทื•ื, ื–ื™ 18, 26. ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ืึท ืฆื™ื˜ืึทื˜ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ื‘ื•ืš ืฐื•ึผ ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื˜ ื“ืขื ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก, ืคืึธืจืœืฒื’ื ื“ื™ืง ืึท ืจืขืึทื’ื™ืจ-ืกื›ืขืžืข. ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืจืขืึทื’ื™ืจื™ืกื›ืขืžืข ืื™ืŸ ืึธื ื‘ืœื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜, 
ื‘ืึทืœืฒึทื›ื˜ ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืข ื›ืึทืจืึทืงื˜ืขืจื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืข ืฉื˜ืจื™ื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ืฉืึทืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœื’ืขืžืฒืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืคืจื˜ ื‘ืขืช ื“ืขืจ 
ืžืœื—ืžื”-ืฆืฒึทื˜; 

101/068 6621 0 16920056 ื–ื˜ืก ,8006121 14 ...0621 01 ืขืฐ11801ื˜ืกืž1 ื–ืก6ื˜ 106 18 1146 01 1401 8ืช/112117ื˜ /8ืกื ืช 106 , ืฅ41260810811ืง*ื™ 
5 /16102ืืก 010 11 0(601109ื–ื˜ ืขืก 06210 ืžืฉืฉืก ื–ื˜ืก 01 +ืž8ื˜ืกื) ืกื—} 88ืกื–ืงืก? ืกืข 1150 .512808 6611068166 /1ื–0168 ื–ื˜ืก} 


.5ื˜ /258521 020001 0641 ื–2ื—ื– ืกืฅืกื–ืง 0}--2018 68:108 ื–ืก ื–ื”ืื™ ืžืŸ--/6661 1011 11/1 ืกืข 4190 .(.616 ,5'ื–ืกืงืกืงืคื˜ื•ืก/ ,ืค|ืกืขืกื ื– -/1006/0) 


101 


ืฆืžื– 01 1ืกืกื’ืชืฅ8 23 ,0041 ,1404 18 .8246 0116006ื˜ืืก 06 , "1ืกืคืขื—ื– 01 06210'' ืกื} 04 ืขื–1621 106 160080126 ืกืฉื™ ืžืกืžืฉ ,68ืช5000 
4 0060 1145 4621 01 /4161ืž2 106 2146 ,1010 .ืฆ/16ืืช2 401081021ืช0 .1.6 ,806060110 81 01 800106 406 06 611 ืฆื’ืžื– ,16006ืช8 
1108 200 ,0001120101108 ืงืž51ืกืžืงืก ืขืก ,ืฅ2/1ืž11 .ืฆ18017100211 800 ,ืฅ1840811 ,0001886 10 16209 0621 01 ืž00102110ืž2 ืกื—} 
8 14 ...8611-855011100 220 ,ืช1611210 ,811 18--8101105 21621051 ืคื•ื 04 0216 68ื˜20010 220 641516006 015 16619 ืžื’ืžื– ,ืฐ/4062 


162/7 98ืช2121/71ืง 220 64600012117108 00164617ื–00 6156ื–ืกื—04 ืžื’ 8601/21026 610 06 ,0620 


(96) ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื‘ืึทื˜ืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 18ื˜ืŸ ืึทืคึผืจื™ืœ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึทื ื˜ืฐื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืขืจื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืคึผืจืขืกืข ืื™ืŸ ื•ืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ, ื–ืข ื“ื™ 
ื‘ืขื ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืขืจื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืคึผืจืขืกืข: ืขืชื•ื ื•ืช-ื”ืžื—ืชืจืช ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช ื‘ื•ื•ืืจืฉื”, ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืŸ ืึทืจืฒึทื ืคื™ืจ ืื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“"ืจ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืงืขืจืžื™ืฉ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืึธืŸ ื“ืขืจืฉืฒื™ื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืจื•ืง, ืึทืจืฑืกื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื“ื™ื•ืฉื, ืื™ืŸ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื. 
ื“ืขืจืฐืฒึทืœ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจืฉื™ื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื‘ืขื ื“ืขืจ. ื–ืข: ืงืขืจืžื™ืฉ (1980). 


(97) ืคืึทืจื’ืœืฒึทื™ืš ื“ืขื ืงืึทืคึผื™ื˜ืœ-ืคึผืึทืจืึทื’ืจืึทืฃ "ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื• ืฉืœ 'ืœื™ืœ ื”ื“ืžื™ื'-- 18 ื‘ืืคืจื™ืœ 1942", ืื™ืŸ: ื’ื•ื˜ืžืŸ, (ืชืฉืœ"ื”), 
ื–ื™ 254-248. | | 


(98) ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ืฐืึธืก ื™.ืง. ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืคืึธืจื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื™ืึธืจ ืคืจื™ึดืขืจ, ืื™ื– 
ืงืœืึธืจ ืึทื– ืขืจ ืคืœืฒึทื™ืกื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื‘ืขืจืฆื•ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื˜ืึทืงืข ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ืึทืงืึทื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื ืข ื ืึธืš ืคึผืกื—-ื˜ืขื’ ื‘ืขืช ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉืŸ. 
ื“ืขื 17ื˜ืŸ ืžืขืจืฅ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ื™ ืึทืงืฆื™ืข ืื™ืŸ ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ืฑื‘ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื–ืŸ 21 ืึทืคึผืจื™ืœ 1942 ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืก'ืจื•ื‘ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืคืึทืจื˜ืจื™ื‘ืŸ 
ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜-ืœืึทื’ืขืจืŸ-- ื–ืข: ื“ืึธืก ื‘ื•ืš ืคื•ืŸ ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืŸ; ื–ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืช, ื’ื‘ื™ืช-ืขื“ื•ืช ืื•ืŸ ืžืึทื˜ืขืจื™ืึทืœืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ, ืงืึทืžืฃ ืื•ืŸ 
ืžืึทืจื˜ื™ืจืขืจื˜ื•ื ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ื™ื™ึดืฉืื•ื‘. ืคึผืึทืจื™ื– ืชืฉื™"ื’"1952, ื–ื–ื™ 400-396; ื–ืข ืื•ื™ืš: ืงืจืงื•ื‘ืกืงื™ (ืชืฉืœ"ื’), ื–ื™ 523. 
ื“ืึธืก ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืœื™ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคื™ื ืคื˜ืขืจ ืชึผืงื•ืคื” ื”ืึธื˜ ื™.ืง. ื’ืขืขื ื“ื™ืงื˜ ืฉืจืฒื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ืขื 31ืกื˜ืŸ ืžืึทื™ 1942, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืœื™ื“: "ื•ื™ ื“ื™ืจ", 
ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืฆื•ื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืŸ. | 


(99) ืคึผืจื˜ื™ื ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืฉืคึผืขื” ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ื ืึทื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 17/18 ืึทืคึผืจื™ืœ 1942, ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ื™ืจื˜ืŸ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ- 
ืฐื™ื“ืขืจืฉื˜ืึทื ื“ ืื•ืŸ ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืจื•ื ื˜, ื–ืข ืื™ืŸ: ืฆื•ืงืจืžืŸ- ื“ืคึผื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ื“ืœื™ืงื”, ื–' 5, 8, 9. 


(100) ื–ืข ื“ืึธืจื˜, ื–ื™ 10. 


(101) ื–ืข ื‘ืฒึท ื™ืฆื—ืง ืฆื•ืงืขืจืžืึทื ืขืŸ, ืื™ืŸ: ื›ืชื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื, ืชืฉื›"ื˜, ื–ื™ 359. ื“ืขื ื‘ืึทืฐื•ึผืกื˜ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืื•ืžืงื•ื, ืฐืึธืก 
ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื“ืึทืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ืคืึทืงื˜ืึธืจ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืึทืืฒึทื ืคืœื•ืกื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ, ื‘ืึทืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื˜ ื—.ื. ืงืึทืคึผืœืึทืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ืœืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท 
ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืจื™ืฉืขืจ ืคื™ื’ื•ืจ-- ื–ืข ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืจ' ื”ืขืจืฉ, ืื™ืŸ: ืงืคืœืŸ, ื–ื–ื™ 543-505. 


(102)) ืื™ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื˜ื™ื˜ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื“, ื–ืข ืฆื•ื ื‘ืฒื™ืฉืคึผื™ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืกืคืจ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ, ืคึทึผืจืง ื›"ื, ืคึผืกื•ืง 29: "ืื•ื™ ืœืš ืžื•ืื‘ ืื‘ื“ืช 
ืขื ื›ืžื•ืฉ..." ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืกืคืจ ื™ืจืžื™ื” ืฐื•ึผ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืกื•ืง ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื—ื–ืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืึท ื‘ื™ืกืœ ื’ืขืขื ื“ืขืจื˜ืŸ ื ื•ืกื—, ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืจืง ืž"ื—, 
ืคึผืกื•ืง 46: "ืื•ื™ ืœืš ืžื•ืื‘ ืื‘ื“ ืขื ื›ืžื•ืฉ..."-- ื™ื”ื•ืืฉ ื–ืขืฆื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ, ืื™ืŸ ืกืคืจ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ: "ื•ื•ื™ื™ ืฆื• ื“ื™ืจ", ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืกืคืจ ื™ืจืžื™ื”: 
"ื•ื•ื™ื™ ื“ื™ืจ". ื“ืขืจ ืขื™ืงืจ ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ืคืึทืจื’ืœืฒึทืš ื“ืขื ืื•ื™ืกื“ืจื•ืง ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื˜ืขืจื ื™ืฉ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื”ื•ืืฉ-ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืกื•ืง: "ืื•ื™" 
ืื•ื™ ืœืš, ื ืื•ื ืื“ื ื™ ื”'" (ืกืคืจ ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ ืคึผืจืง ื˜"ื–, ืคึผืกื•ืง 23) -- "ื•ื•ื™ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ ื“ื™ืจ". 


(103) ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึทื ื“ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืขืึธืจื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืงื–ื™ืกื˜ืขื ืฆื™ืึทืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืœืขืจืข, ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื‘ืึทื˜ืึธื ื˜ ื“ื™ 
ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืข ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทื“ืจืขื ื’ืขื ื™ืฉ ืื™ืŸ ืึธื ื‘ืœื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜, ืคืึทืจืŸ ืื•ื™ืคื‘ื•ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื•ื•ืขืœื˜-ื‘ืึทื ืขื ืฐืึธืก ื“ืขืจืžืขื’ืœืขื›ื˜ ื“ืขื 
ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืฆื• ืึทื ื˜ื“ืขืงืŸ ืึท ื–ื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ, ื–ืข ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ื•ื™ ืึทื–ืฑ ืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ ืงืขืกื˜ืขื ื‘ืึทื•ื ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจื˜ ืขืก: 


6 ,1681100ืก ืชืฉืฉืก ื–ื˜ืก 18 3ื˜ 10 0818ืง82 11 28 16ื–ืกืขื™ ืกืช} 1021 ืฉืกื•ื˜ 106 18 ืชื”ืžื– 01 {ื–ืกืกืž} 8181000121184ืก ืก} ืก} 121ื—ืกื—ื–ืกืžื˜ ื™ื™ 
ืชื’ }0 }ื˜ืก 006 000085109 ืฆื˜ 0010 4 ืกื–ืช1 808010580058 0190100100 6 810006 006 ...16 ื–ืก} ืฆ1/0ื˜16500051 06ื–ื˜288 }5ื˜ื—ื—ื– ืก/ื˜ 


6 ,041910006 ืชื’ื ื—ื˜ื” 01 ืคืชื ืžืชืกื ืช 6 ื™ืžื’ืžื– 01 216 106 ... "ืž6000811060'' 021160 18 1018 .8ืกื–ื’)ืกื˜ื–1ืค 881016ืกืง ?0 ืฆื–ื•ืžื•ื–ืื• 


102 


06 ืขืก100 ;0150076160 ื–0 0306! +0ืช 216 40056 |21--ืžื”ื ืช 01 06801000 2064 6936006 406 ,0020 04 /ืช46950 200 002006ื˜0ื–ืงื 
18 ืข/40416/ ...1961068ื˜0ืก 01 ืช016800 106 18 ืž10-00051160600;ืกืขื™ ืžืŸ 201 01681106 01810011 2008 206 100ืกื–ืžื˜ืค 06 1 .464ืชืกื˜ืžื– 
6 106 86 ืฆื”ืžื– ืกืื™ 81:00080 ,85ืก1ืงืžื•ืžื”ืกื—ื– 820 ,1011058ืกืง ,0066 , ืขื–ืงืžื–ืก 8 66;| 6ืกื˜ืืก 1 ื—1 0 4024 0106 8 1016ืกื–ืก0} 
2 18 1001010021 6400 1021 ,0102 25 2ืž101 ืžืกื˜ืค 20 06 0844 48616 /1081804-488 1015 ...}1 2640 0} 161001066 06 ืกื—ื–ืŸ) 
ืž1003002110 0ื–100400660 186 18--0009010050688 82006 {ื–ืกื˜ 1021 04 06102ืž0ืช 06} 1/022106 ืžืกื˜ืก 804 040 /102 009010050088ืก 
ืข01ื˜860 (4048 306 .ืฅ11ื–ื˜800 40421 6ื˜ืก2001 ืž8ืก ืชื”ื ืช 1021 ืขื–416ืž2 10441 ืž8ื˜ืกื–ื1 {|ืžืก ืคื˜ื} 18 11 ...9600 3100246 211 ื–ืก} 
4646 1ื˜0ื˜8 {1ืก1ืž2 /16211 18 //410ืžื’/ ...641510006 01 /0000/600ืก 420 ,055ืž101 ,ืฅ168116 ืกืž} 01 16008811100 ื–ืžืกืžื’ื ืชื–ืกืง ืคืžืชืกื ื– 
,2246 10 16445 0081 01 0996006ืขืงืŸ 106 -4011306 5 ืžื’ื ืžื– 01 160112061 /802008 ื–ื’ื•ืก โ€ 1011 61102110 2108 ื–ื˜ืก 18 668/0 1006 
{ืฐ/142 106) . 210 //1621 21068ื˜ ืกืชื•ื˜ืชืกืง ื–ื˜ืก 0024 /0168 102468 200 ,ืฅ102116ืž1 ,ืž81:6081 ,0001886 10 10808 2190 16 ื–ื˜ืก 
(128 ,127 ,126 ,121 ,120 .ืง ,120210 


(104) ื–ืข ืื™ืŸ "ืื’ื“ื•ืช ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื" ื‘ื™ ืœื•ื™ ื’ื™ื ืฆื‘ื•ืจื’ืŸ, ืœืฑื˜: ื’ื™ื ืฆื‘ื•ืจื’, ื–' 70, 72, 
(105) "ืืฃ ืงื™ืŸ ืžืžืชื™ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื”", ื’ื™ื ืฆื‘ื•ืจื’, ื“ืึธืจื˜, ื– 112. 


(106) ื–ืข ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื“ ""ืฐืฒื™ ื“ื™ืจ", ื“ื™ ืกื˜ืจืึธืคึผืขืก ื ื•ืž' 29, 30, 31, 34 ืื•ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจื’ืœืฒึทืš ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื•ื ื’ ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื™ืžืœ ื‘ืขืชืŸ 
ืžื‘ื•ืœ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืœืขื’ืขื ื“ืึทืจืขืจ ื‘ืึทืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื•ื ื’ ื‘ืฒึท: ื’ื™ื ืฆื‘ื•ืจื’, ื“ืึธืจื˜, ื–ื™ 107, 


(107) - ืคืึทืจื’ืœืฒึทืš: ื’ื•ื˜ืžืŸ, ืชืฉืœ"ื”, ื–ื–' 244-230. ื–ืข ืื•ื™ืš: ืฆื•ืงืจืžืŸ- ื“ืคื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ื“ืœื™ืงื”, ื–ื™ 12711. ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ 
ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ืฐืึธืก ื“ื™ "ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืงืึทืžืคืก-ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ืึทืฆื™ืข" ืื™ื– ืขืจืฉื˜ ืึทื ื˜ืฉื˜ืึทื ืขืŸ ื“ืขื 28ื˜ืŸ ื™ื•ืœื™ 1942, ืึท ืฐืึธืš ื ืึธืš ื“ืขื ื•ื™ 
ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธื ื’ืขื”ืฑื‘ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ืฐืึธืก ื“ืขืจ ืึทื ื˜ื™ ืคืึทืฉื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ื‘ืœืึธืง ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื”ืึทื˜ 
ืื•ื™ืกืฆื•ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืึทื ื˜ืฑืฉื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ืคืึทืœืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจืคื™ืœืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืื•ื™ืคื’ืึทื‘ืŸ ื ืึธืš ืื™ืŸ ื™ื•ื ื™ 1942 ื•ื•ืขืŸ 
ืฆืขื ื˜ืจืึทืœืข ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืึทืจืขืกื˜ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืžืึธืจื“ืขื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ -- ื“ืึธืš ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืึทื ื˜ืฉื˜ืฒื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื•ืจืฆืข ืชึผืงื•ืคึผื” 
ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืขืงื–ื™ืกื˜ืขื ืฅ ื‘ืึทืฆืฒื›ื ื˜ ืึท ืงืขืจืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื›ืึทืจืึทืงื˜ืขืจ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื—ืœื•ืฆื™ืฉืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืจื•ื ื˜, ืึทืจืฑืกืคึฟืึธื“ืขืจื ื“ื™ืง 
ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ืึทืฆื™ืึธื ืขืœืข ืกื˜ืึทื ื“ืึทืจื˜ืŸ, ื”ืขืœืคื ื“ื™ืง ืึทื–ืฑ ืึทืจื•ื ืื™ื‘ืขืจื‘ื•ื™ืขืŸ ื“ืขื ื›ืึทืจืึทืงื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื—ืœื•ืฆื™ืฉืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืจื•ื ื˜. ื™ืฆื—ืง 
ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ึทื™ืŸ ืฉืึทืคืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื‘ืึทื’ืœืฒื˜ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื ื˜ืฉื˜ืฒืขื ื“ืŸ ื‘ืึทืฐืึธืคึฟื ื˜ืŸ ืงืึทืžืคึฟื˜- ื›ึผื•ื—, ืึทื–ืฑ ื•ื™ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื™ืึธ 
ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ืขืจื“ื™ืงืข ืชึผืงื•ืคื•ืช ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขื ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืจื•ืจ-ื”ื—ืœื•ืฅ. 


(108) ื–ืข: ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืจืึทื“ื–ื™ื ืขืจ, ื–ื™ 21; ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืืฑืกื’ืึทื‘ืข ื–ืข ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ, ื–ื™ 675, 


(109) ื–ืข ื“ืขื ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ึดืฉืŸ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืื™ืŸ: ืฆื•ืงืจืžืŸ - ืžื‘ืคื ื™ื, ื™"ื’, ื–ื™ 36. ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื’ืœืฒึทืš ื ืึธืš ื“ืขื, ืื™ืŸ 
ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉืŸ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜: "ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืชึผื "ืš-ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืœื™ื‘ ื’ืขื”ืึทื˜ ืฉืžืฉื•ื ืขืŸ, ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืคืึทืจืงืขืจืคึผืขืจื•ื ื’ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ืคื™ื–ื™ืฉืŸ ื›ึผื•ื—, ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ืฐื™ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืขื ื™ื™ื’ื˜ ืฆื• ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื’ื•ืฃ ืฐืึธืก ื˜ืจืึธื’ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ 
ื’ืฒื™ืกื˜ื™ืงืข ื’ื‘ื•ืจื”". 


(110) ื–ืข: ื˜ื ื ื‘ื•ื™ื, ื–' 120. "ื“ื™ ืงืœืœื”", ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ "ื•ื•ื™ื™ ื“ื™ืจ" (ื–ืข ืฐื•ืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืึทืจืฒึทื ืคื™ืจ ืฆื•ื ืœื™ื“). 


(111) ื“ืึธืจื˜, ื–ื™ 84. 


(112) ื–ึนืข: ื˜ื ื ื‘ื•ื™ื, ื– 138. ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืคืึทืจืฆื™ื™ื›ื ื˜ ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื•ื•: ืกื•ืฃ ื™ื•ื ื™ 1943. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืึท ื˜ืขื•ืช, ืœื•ื™ื˜ืŸ 
ืึธืจื™ื’ื™ื ืึทืœืŸ ืคึผืฑืœื™ืฉืŸ ื›ึผืชื‘ ื“ื™ื“ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืข: ืคืขื‘ืจื•ืึทืจ 1943. ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืจื™ื•ื• ืื™ื– ืึทื–ืฑ ืึทืจื•ื ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืึท ืงื•ืจืฆืข ืฆืฒึทื˜ 
ื ืึธื›ืŸ ื™ืึทื ื•ืึทืจ -ืื•ื™ืคืฉื˜ืึทื ื“ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฆืฐื™ืฉืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืึทืœื™ืกื˜ืึธืง ืื™ื– ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืข ื ื™ืฉื˜ 
ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืขื ืขื ื‘ื•ื™ื ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ื˜ ืึทื– ื–ื™ื™ื ืข ืคืจื™ื™ื ื“ ืคื•ืŸ "ื™ื“ืจื•ืจ" ืื•ืŸ ื™ื”ื—ืœื•ืฅ" ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจืฉืจื™ื‘ืขื ืข 
ื‘ืœืขื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ื‘ื•ืš, ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜, ืื™ื– ืงืึธื ื˜ื™ืง ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดืื•ืฉ ื‘ื™ื– ืฆื• ืึท ื•ื•ื™ืœืŸ ืคืึทืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ืกื˜ืžืึธืจื“, ื–ืข ื“ืึธืจื˜, ื–ื–ื™ 04 657, 


ืื™ืš ื“ืึทื ืง ืคืจื•ื™ ื‘ืจืึธื ื™ืึท ืงืœื™ื‘ืึทื ืกืงื™, ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื“-ื•ืฉื, ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื•ื ื’ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ื“ืึทื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื•ื•. 


103 


(113) ื“ืึธืจื˜, ื–ื™ 144. 


(114) ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื˜ืขื ืขื ื‘ื•ื™ืžืก ื‘ืึทืฆื™ึดื•ื ื’ ืฆื• ื™-ืงื™ืก ืคืึทืจ-ืžืœื—ืžื”ื“ื™ืงืŸ ืฉืึทืคืŸ ืฉืคึผื™ื’ืœื˜ ืึธืคึผ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ืึธืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ื‘ืึทืฆื™ึธื•ื ื’ ื ืึธืจ 
ืืคืฉืจ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ื™ ืึทืœื’ืขืžืฒื ืข ืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืฆื• ื™.ืง. ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืจืฒึทื–ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ "ื“ืจื•ืจ" ืื•ืŸ "ื”ื—ืœื•ืฅ", ืžื—ื•ืฅ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ืœืึธื“ื–ืฉ ืฐื•ื•ึผ ื™.ืง. 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฐื•ื™ื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืง. ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืึธื“ื–ืฉืขืจ ื—ืœื•ืฆื™ืฉืข ืงืจืฒื™ื–ืŸ ืื™ื– ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืš ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ืžืœื—ืžื”, ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืฆื™ึดื•ื ื’ 
ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึทืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข, ืึท ืคึผืึธื–ื™ื˜ื™ื•ื•ืขืจืข, ื–ืข ืœืžืฉืœ: ื”ืึทืœื˜ืขืจ - ืžื‘ืคื ื™ื, ื™"ื; ืกืคื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ-ื”ื›ืฉืจื”, ื–' 43, 47, 
49, 53752, 85, 93, 114, 142, 144, 163, 182, 189, 204, 217, 219, 244, 251. 


(115) ืขืก ืื™ื– ื˜ืึทืงืข ืืžืช ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืคื™ื ืคื˜ืข ืชึผืงื•ืคื” ืื™ืŸ ื™-ืง'ืก ืฉืึทืคืŸ ื“ืขืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืž. ื˜ืขื ืขื ื‘ื•ื™ืžืก 
ื•ื•ื™ื™ืœืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข. ืžื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืึธื ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืึทื– ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขื ื‘ื•ืš ืฐืึธืก ื“ืจื•ืจ-ื”ื—ืœื•ืฅ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื•ื ื“ืจื•ืง ืžื™ื˜ ื™-ืง'ืก 
ืœื™ื“ืขืจ, ื–ืฒึทื™ื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืจื™ึดืขืจื“ื™ืงืข ืชึผืงื•ืคื•ืช, ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืขื ืขื ื‘ื•ื™ื, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืขื“ืึทืงื˜ืึธืจืŸ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื•ื•ืขืจืง ืžืŸ-ื”ืกืชึผื ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ื’ื•ื˜ ื’ืขืงืขื ื˜. ืขืจ ืจืขื›ื ื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ื“ื™ ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืฐืึธืก ื•ืฐืขืœืŸ ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืึทืžืœื•ื ื’, ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ. 
ื˜ืขืžืขืก ืคื•ืŸ "ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ืื•ืŸ ืขื•ืึทืงื•ืึทืฆื™ืข", ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ ืื•ื™ืš "ืฆืขืจ-ืœื™ื“ืขืจ" ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ืึธืจ "ืฆืึธืจืŸ-ืœื™ื“ืขืจ". ื“ื™ "ืฆืขืจ-ืœื™ื“ืขืจ" 
ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื™ืขื ืข ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืขืจ ืจืขื“ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ื‘ื•ืš ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืึทื ื“ืขื“ืข ื›ึผืชื‘ื™ื, ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืžื™ืจ 
ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืฆื™ื˜ื™ืจื˜. 


(116) ื–ืข: ืœื•ื™ืŸ, ืœ., ื–ื™ 647; ืงื•ืจื ื™ืึทื ืกืงื™, ื–' 640; ืฆื•ืงืจืžืŸ, ืชืฉื›"ื˜, ื–ื™ 358. 
(117) ื–ืข: ืฆื•ืงืจืžืŸ, ืชืฉื›"ื˜, ื“ืึธืจื˜; ืฆื•ืงืจืžืŸ- ืžื‘ืคื ื™ื, ื™"ื’, ื–' 32. 


(118) ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืคืึทืจืฆื™ื™ื›ืขื ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ 14ื˜ืŸ ื“ืขืฆืขืžื‘ืขืจ 1940, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืคืึทืจืฆื™ื™ื›ืขื ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ 31ื˜ืŸ ื“ืขืฆืขืžื‘ืขืจ 1940 -- 5ื˜ืŸ 
ื™ืึทื ื•ืึทืจ 1941. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืœืขืฆื˜ืขืจ ืฐืขืจื˜ ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜:"ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ื™ื™ื–ื›ึผื•ืจ' ืžืึทื›ื˜ ืึท ืฉื˜ืึทืจืงืŸ ืืฒื™ื ื“ืจื•ืง...". ืื™ืŸ ืึท 
ืคืึทืจืฆื™ื™ื›ืขื ื•ื ื’ ืคึฟื•ืŸ 26ื˜ืŸ ื“ืขืฆืขืžื‘ืขืจ 1941 ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื—ืœืง ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืขืžืข-- ื–ืข: ืจื™ื ื’ืขืœื‘ืœื•ื, 1, 
ื–ื™ 198, ื–ื–'ื™ 210-209, 324-323, : 


(119) ืื™ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื”ืฉืขืจื” ืึทื– ื“ืขืจ ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื—.ื . ื‘ื™ืึทืœื™ืงืŸ ืื™ื– ื˜ืึทืงืข ืคึผืจื™ึทืขืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ืจืขื“ืข, ื–ืข 
ื™.ืง'ืก ื‘ืึทื ื•ืฅ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืคึผืขืจื–ืึธืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžืขืจืฆืึธืœ: "ืžื™ืจ", "ืื•ื ื“ื–" - ื•ื™ ืึท ืจืขื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉ ืžื™ื˜ืœ ืฐืึธืก 
ืฉืึทืคึผื˜ ืึท ืฉื•ืชึผืคื•ืช ืื•ืŸ ืึท ื ืึธืขื ื˜ืงืฒื˜ ืฆื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืึท ืคึผื•ื‘ืœื™ืงื•ื ืื•ืŸ ืึท ืจืขื“ื ืขืจ. ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ื–ืข ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืขื ื–ื™ืš 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจื—ื–ืจื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ื‘ืึทื ื•ืฅ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ืคึผืขืจื–ืึธืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžืขืจืฆืึธืœ: "ืื™ืจ", "ืื™ื™ืš", ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื’ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื•ื•ืขื ื“ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ 
ืจืขื“ื ืขืจ ืฆื•ื ืคึผื•ื‘ืœื™ืงื•ื. ืขืก ื“ืึทืจืฃ ืื•ื™ืš ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื•ื ื’ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืึท ืคืึทืจื–ืึทืžืœืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืขืช ืึท ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื•ื ื’ืก ืึทืงื˜ 
ืฆื• ืึท ื™ืึธืจืฆืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื ืึธืขื ื˜ืŸ ื ืคื˜ืจ. 


(120) ื–ืข: ืขืง (ืชืฉ"ืš), ื–ื™ 201. ื“ืขืจ ืžื—ื‘ืจ ืื™: ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืึธืจื˜ ื‘ืขืช ื“ืขืจ ืคืึธืจืœืขื–ื•ื ื’. 


(121) ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืจืึทืžืข "ืื™ื•ื‘", ื–ืข: ืœื•ื™ืŸ, ืœ., ื–ื™ 647. ื“ืขืจ ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื’ื™ื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืฆื•: "ื“ื™ ื“ืจืึทืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ืึท 
ื“ืขืจืฉื™ื˜ืขืจื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ืจื•ืฉื. ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ, ืžื™ืจ ื“ืึทื›ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึทื– ืื™ืŸ 150 ืขืงื–ืขืžืคึผืœืึทืจืŸ". ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืฆืขื ื“ืœื™ืงืขืจ ืงืึธืคึผื™ืขืก 
ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืžึดืšึฐื”ืกืžึผื ืคึฟืึทืจืฉืคึผืจืฒื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ; ื–ืข ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืงื•ืจืฆืŸ ืึทืจืฒึทื ืคื™ืจ ืฆื• "ืื™ื•ื‘", ื ื•ืž' 24, ืื•ืŸ ื ื•ืž' 25. ื–ืข ืื•ื™ืš: 
ืขืง (ืชืฉ"ืš), ื– 201; ืื•ื™ืขืจื‘ืึทืš, ื–' 68. 


(122) ื–ืข: ืกืคืจ ื“ืจื•ืจ, ื–ื™ 463. ืึท ืคึผืจื˜ื™ืžื“ื™ืงืข ืขื“ื•ืชืฉืึทืคึผื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืึทื–ืึท ืคืึธืจืœืขื–ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืจืึทืžืข "ืื™ื•ื‘", ื–ืข ืื™ืŸ ืงื•ืจืฆืŸ 
ืึทืจืฒึทื ืคื™ืจ ืฆื• "ืื™ื•ื‘", ื ื•ืž' 24. 


(123). ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื™.ืง'ืก ืฆื•ื‘ื•ื ื“ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื™ืชื•ืžื™ื-ืึทื ืฉื˜ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ืกื•ืฃ ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ 1942, ื–ืข ื“ืขื ืคึผืจืง "ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข" ืื™ืŸ ื™-ืง'ืก "ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ 
ืคื•ื ืขื ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื”ืจื’ืขื˜ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืึธืœืง", ื–ื–ื™ 74772. 


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(124) ื–ืข: ืฆื•ืงืจืžืŸ - ืžื‘ืคื ื™ื, ื™"ื’, ื–"ื–32-31. ืœืฑื˜:ืขืง (ืชืฉ"ืš), ื–ื™ 201, ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืึทื ื•ืฉ 
ืงืึธืจื˜ืฉืึทืงืก ื‘ื™ืช-ื™ืชื•ืžื™ื. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืึท ื˜ืขื•ืช, ื–ืข ื‘ืฒึท ืฆื•ืงืขืจืžืึทื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ ืึท ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ื“ืขื ืึธืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ืคึฟืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืึธื ื’ืขื‘ื ื“ื™ืง ื“ืขื ืึทื“ืจืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช-ื™ืชื•ืžื™ื ืื•ื™ืฃ "ื˜ืฐืึทืจื“ืึท 7", ื›ืชื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื, ืชืฉื›"ื˜, ื–ื™ 359; 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขื™ืงืจ ื–ืข ื™.ืง'ืก ืขื“ื•ืช ืึทืœืฒืŸ, ืื™ืŸ "ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ืคื•ื ืขื ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื”ืจื’ืขื˜ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืึธืœืง", ืคึผืจืง ื™"ื, ื—' 89-88, 
ืงืึธืจื˜ืฉืึทืงืก ื‘ื™ืช-ื™ืชื•ืžื™ื ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐื•ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืฉื™ืขื ื ืึท 18 (ื–ืข: ื˜ื•ืจืงืึธื•ื• (1948), ื–ื— 109-108). 


(125) ืขืง (ืชืฉ"ืš), ื–ื™ 201. 
(126) ื–ืข: ืฆื•ืงืจืžืŸ- ืžื‘ืคื ื™ื, ื™"ื’, ื– 33. 


(127) ื–ืข ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ "ื™ื•ื ืกื’ืจื™ืจ", ื“ืžื“ื•ืžื™ื, ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ, ื–ื–' 25-24. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืœื™ื“ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทืœื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื”ืึทื ื“ืœืึทืจื–ืฉ ืึท ืฆืขื ื˜ืจืึทืœืข ืจืึธืœืข ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธืžืคึผืึธื–ื™ืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื“. ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทืœื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืงืึธื ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš 
ืืฒึทื ื’ืขืงืจื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืœื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ 16 ื™ืึธืจ, ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืชืจืก"ื‘, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข 
ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืœื™ื˜ืข (ืคืึทืจื’ืœืฒึทืš ื™-ืง'ืก ืืฑื˜ืึธื‘ื™ืึธื’ืจืึทืคื™ืฉืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื•ื• ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ 1926, ืฐืึธืก ื’ืขืคื™ื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื™.ืง.-ืึทืจื›ื™ื•ื• ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช 
ืœื•ื—ืžื™ ื”ื’ื™ื˜ืื•ืช). 


(128) ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทืœื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืึทื ื“ืœืึทืจื–ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขื™ืงืจ, ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืกืจื•ืฃ: "ื”ืึทื ื“ืœ" ืฐืึธืก ื›ืึทืจืึทืงื˜ืขืจื™ื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื™ืจ, ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ 
ื–ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜, ืฐื™ ื›ืึทืจืึทืงื˜ืขืจ-ืฉื˜ืจื™ื›ืŸ ืคืึทืจืŸ ื‘ื™ืœื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ื•ืึทืจืฉืข. ื–ืข ืœืžืฉืœ, ื–. 
ืกืขื’ืึทืœืึธืฐื™ื˜ืฉ, ื˜ืœืึธืžืึทืฆืงืข 13; ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจื‘ืจืขื ื˜ืŸ ื ืขื›ื˜ืŸ, ื‘ื•ืขื ืึธืก ืืฒึทืจืขืก 1946, ื–ื–' 39-38. 


(129) ืคืึทืจื’ืœื™ึทื™ืš ื‘ืฒึท: ื˜ื ื ื‘ื•ื™ื, ื–ื™ 113. ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข ื–ืึทื›ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจืงื•ื™ืคื˜ืข ืกื—ื•ืจื” ืคืœืขื’ื˜ 
ืึทื“ื•ืจืš 20 ืคึผืึธืจ ื”ืขื ื˜ ื‘ื™ื– ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ, ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ืฉืžื•ื’ืœืึทืจืขืก, ืฆื•ื ื’ื•ื™. ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ-ืขืงืึธื ืึธืžื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขื 
ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ืข ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ื•ื™ืฉ-ืขืงืึธื ืึธืžื™ืข ืฐืึธืก ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื™ืฉื˜-ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”, ื•ื™ ืึท ืคึผืจื’ืกื”-ืžืงื•ืจ, 
ื–ืข ื‘ืฒึท: ื’ื•ื˜ืžืŸ (ืชืฉืœ"ื”), ื–ื™ 31. 


(130) ื–ืข: ื‘ืขื’ื ืขืจ, ื–' 86. ืฆื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข ื–ืึทื›ืŸ ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื–ื™ ื“ืึธืจื˜: "ืก'ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“, ืงื™ื™ืŸ 
ื™ื•ื’ื ื˜ืœืขื›ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจืฐื•ืึทืงืกืขื ืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืขื ื˜ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืขืŸ". 


(131) ื–ืข: ืฆื•ืงืจืžืŸ- ืžื‘ืคื ื™ื, ื™"ื’, ื–' 36. ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืข ื‘ื˜ืขื•ืช ืึธื ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืฐื™ "ืึท ืฉื‘ืช ืื™ืŸ ื™ื•ื ื™ 1942". 
ืคืึทืจื’ืœืฒึทื™ืš ื“ืึธืก ืฐืึธืก ืขืก ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ื™.ืง. ืื™ืŸ ืคื ืงืก ื•ื™ื˜ืœ, ื–ื™ 179, ืื•ืŸ ื–ืข ื‘ืฒึท: ืฆื•ืงืจืžืŸ, ื“ืึธืจื˜, ืฐื•ึผ ืขืก ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืึทื– 
ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืขืŸ ืคื™ืจ ื˜ืขื’ ืคืึทืจืŸ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ. ื“ืขืจ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืฐืึธืš, ืขืจื‘ ืชึผืฉืขื”-ื‘ืึธื‘ ืช"ืฉ. 


(132) ื–ืข: ื–ื™ึทื™ื“ืžืึทืŸ, ื–ื™ 140. 
(133) ื–ืข: ืขืง (ืชืฉ"ืš), ื–ื™ 201-200. 


(134) ื“ืึธืจื˜. ืคึผืจื˜ื™ื ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธื ื˜ื™ื™ืœ-ื ืขืžืขืจ, ื–ืข ื“ืึธืจื˜. ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืึทื˜ืขืจ-ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงืฒื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื™ืง. ืึธื ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงื™ืš 
ืื•ื™ืฃ ื’ืขื ืฉืข 14, ื’ืขืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ืข ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืคืึทืจืŸ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ, ื–ืข: ืื•ื™ืขืจื‘ืึทืš (1974), ื–' 69, ื“ื™ ื“ืจืึทืžืึทื˜ื™ืฉืข ืกื˜ื•ื“ื™ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ื’ืขืฉืึทืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ 1942, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืขืคึผืขื˜ื™ืฆื™ืขืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืŸ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ, ื–ืข: ืข6ืฐ/226 2 1:44216 ,0360ื•ืก564 ืžื–ื•ื•ื 
.235 .5 ,1975 218284684 ื˜ืœ ,/26/0411610 


(135) ื–ืข: ืขืง (ืชืฉ"ืš), ื—ื™ 201-200. 
(136) ืคึผืจื˜ื™ื ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื, ื–ืข ื“ืึธืจื˜, ื–ื–' 204-203. 


(137) ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื™ื™ึดืง"ืึธืจ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜, ื–ืข: ื˜ื•ืจืงืึธื•ื• (1948), ื–ื–' 255-247. ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืฉืจืฒื™ื‘ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข 


105 


ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืึทืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดืง"ืึธืจ, ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜: ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืคึผืขืจืœืข, ื™ - ืงื™ืจืžืึทืŸ, ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ ืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ, ืฉืœืžื” 
ื’ื™ืœื‘ืขืจื˜, ื™ื—ื™ืืœ ืœืขืจืขืจ, | 


(138) ื“ืขืจ ืžืงื•ืจ ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืจื™ื ื’ืขืœื‘ืœื•ื-ืึทืจื›ื™ื•ื•, ืื™ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืŸ ืื™ื ืกื˜ื™ื˜ื•ื˜, ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข. ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธ 
ื’ืขื‘ืจืึทื›ื˜ืขืจ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืื™ื– ืœื•ื˜ ืึท ืคืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืคึผื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืงื•ืžืขื ื˜, ืฐืึธืก ื’ืขืคื™ื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื™ื“ื“ื•ืฉื, ื ื•ืž' 211/102-171. 


(139) ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืขืจ ื“ืึธืงื•ืžืขื ื˜ ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ 
ื’ืขื˜ืึธ, ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจื’ืจืฒึทื–ื˜ ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ: ืžืึทืจืง (1954), ื–ื–' 63-61, ืคืึทืจื’ืœืฒึทื™ืš. ื‘ืขืจ ืžืึทืจืง ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืŸ 
ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜ ืึทื– ื“ืขืจ ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ืึทื˜ืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึธื ืฆืขืจื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืคืขืœื“, ื“ืขืจ ืขื™ืงืจ ืฐืฒึทืœ ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ืึทืฉืขืคื˜ื™ืงื˜ 
ืื™ืŸ "ื˜ืึธื–". ืขืก ืื™ื– ืืžืช ืึทื– ื–ืฒึทืขื ื“ื™ืง ืึทืŸ ืึทื“ืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ืจืึทื˜ืึธืจ ืื™ืŸ "ื˜ืึธื–" ื”ืึธื˜ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืคืขืœื“ ื˜ืึทืงืข ืึทืจืฑืกื’ืขื”ืึธืœืคืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข 
ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ (ื–ืข: ืื•ื™ืขืจื‘ืึทืš (1974), ื– 316. ื‘. ืžืึทืจืง ื ืขืžื˜ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ ืึท ืคึผืึธืจ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข ืคึผืึทืงื˜ืŸ: (ื) 
ืืฑืคืŸ ืืฒึทื ืœืึทื“ื•ื ื’ืก-ื‘ืจื™ื•ื• ืฉืจืฒื™ื‘ื˜ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ืึท ืงืึธืžื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ, (ื‘) ื“ื™ ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคึผื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืฆื•ื ืขื”ืขืจื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ 
ืคื•ืŸ "ื˜ืึธื–", (ื’) ื“ืขืจ ืกื˜ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื•ื•. ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ื–ืข ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ. ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึท ืกื‘ืจื” ืึทื– ื‘. ืžืึทืจืง ื”ืึธื˜ ืึทืจืฑืกื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” 
ืคึฟืขืœื“ืŸ ืึทืœืก ื“ืขื ืึธืจื ืึทื ื™ื–ืึทื˜ืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึธื ืฆืขืจื˜, ืฐืฒึทืœ ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ ืคึฟืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืจื™ื ื’ืขืœื‘ืœื•ื-ืึทืจื›ื™ื•ื• ืื•ืŸ ืื™ ืึท 
ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืกื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืจื•ื ื˜.. 


(140) - ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดืง"ืึธืจ-ืึทืงื˜ื™ืฐื•ื™ื˜ืขื˜ ื–ืข ื‘ืฒึทื™: ื˜ืจื•ื ืง (1962), ื–ื–ื™ 1917190. ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืžื ื—ื ืœื™ื ื“ืขืจืŸ, ื“ืขืจ ืžืึทืŸ ืฐืึธืก 
ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืงื•ืœื™ืกืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดืง"ืึธืจ-ืึทืงื˜ื™ืฐืฑื˜ืขื˜, ื–ืข ื‘ืฒึท: ืจื™ื ื’ืขืœื‘ืœื•ื, ื–ื•, ื–' 168:164. ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ-ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ 
ืฐื•ืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ, ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทืœื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื ื—ื ืœื™ื ื“ืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดืง"ืึธืจ, ื–ืข: ืื•ื™ืขืจื‘ืึทืš (1974), ื–ื–' 241- 
1, 


(141) ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืจืขืงืึธืจื“ื™ืจื˜ืŸ ื’ืขืฉืคึผืจืขืš ืžื™ื˜ ืจื—ืœ ืืฑืขืจื‘ืึทื›ืŸ, - ืคืึธืจื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ืขื 10ื˜ืŸ ื™ืึทื ื•ืึทืจ 1973, ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึทืŸ 
ืึธื ืคืจืขื’ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืึธืงื•ืžืขื ื˜ "ืึท ืฉืขื” ืคืึทืจืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืฉืจืฒึทื™ื‘ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจ", ื’ืขืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื˜: "...ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื 
ืงืึธื ืฆืขืจื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ... ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ืฆื™ ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธื ืฆืขืจื˜ ืื™ื– ืคืึธืจื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ... ืœื•ื˜ ื“ืขื ืฐืึธืก ืขืก ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืจื˜ 
ืคืึทืจืึทืŸ ืึท ื’ืึทื ืฆืข ืึทื’ื™ื˜ืึทืฆื™ืข ืฆื• ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืขืŸ, ื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ ืื™ืš ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจ ืึทื– ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืื™ื™ื ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืžื ื—ื ืœื™ื ื“ืขืจืก ืขืจืฉื˜ืข 
ืื•ื™ืคื˜ื•ืขืŸ... ื“ื™ ืึทืœืข ืฐืึธืก ื“ืขืจืฉื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ื“ืึธ-- ืงืขืŸ ืื™ืš, ืื™ืš ื“ืขื ืง ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึทื– ืึทืœืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืึธื ื˜ืฒืœ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ 
ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึธื ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ... ืื™ืš ื–ืข ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื ืขืžื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื ื“ืขืจืŸ", ื–ืข: ืชื‘ืข"ืค - ืืฑื™ืขืจื‘ืึทืš, ื–ื–' 30 
1. 


(142) ืื™ืŸ ืข. ืจื™ื ื’ืขืœื‘ืœื•ืžืก ื ืึธื˜ื™ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ 27ืกื˜ืŸ ืคืขื‘ืจื•ืึทืจ 1941, ืึท ื“ืจืฒึทื™ ืฐืึธื›ืŸ ื ืึธืš ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึทื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืืฒึทื ืœืึทื“ื•ื ื’ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ 
ืงืึธื ืฆืขืจื˜, ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืฉ. ื’ื™ืœื‘ืขืจื˜: "ืึท ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ (ื’ื™ืœื‘ืขืจื˜) ืงื•ืžื˜ ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื‘ื™ื•ืจืึธ -- ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ืื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืงืข ื‘ืงืฉื” 20 ืžื™ื ื•ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธื ืฐืึทืจืขืžืขืŸ" (ืจื™ื ื’ืขืœื‘ืœื•ื, 1, ื–ื™ 219). ื’ื™ืœื‘ืขืจื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ื’ืขืœื™ื˜ืŸ ื ื•ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ 
ื”ื•ื ื’ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืš ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ืคื™ืœ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ื™ื™ึดืง"ืึธืจ (ืจื™ื ื’ืขืœื‘ืœื•ื (1959), ื–ื™ 6). ื“ืขื 
ื–ืขืœื‘ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’, ื“ืขื 27ืกื˜ืŸ ืคึฟืขื‘ืจื•ืึทืจ 1941, ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื˜ ืคึผ. ืฐืฒื™ืœืึทื ื“ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืจื™ื•ื•, ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื‘ืงืฉื” ื ืึธืš ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืข: "...ืžืฒึทืŸ 
ืœืฒึทื‘ -- ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื‘ื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ื˜, ืก'ืคืœื™ื™ืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืก ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฆืŸ ืคืึทืจืœืึธืจืŸ... ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ืึทื– ื›'ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขืจื™ืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜" 
(ืœืขืงืกื™ืงืึธืŸ, ื“ืจื™ื˜ืขืจ ื‘ืึทื ื“, ื–ื™ 346)-- ื“ืขืจ ืžืงื•ืจ ื’ืขืคื™ื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืจื™ื ื’ืขืœื‘ืœื•ื-ืึทืจื›ื™ื•ื•, ื ื•ืž' 142; ืื™ื– 
ืฆื•ื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื‘ืฒึท: ืžืึทืจืง (1954), ื–ื™ 53752, ื”ืขืจืฉืขืœืข ืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ, ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืจื•ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ ืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ, 
ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื–ืึธืœื˜ ืึธื ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืงืึธื ืฆืขืจื˜ ื•ื™ ืึท ืคืึธืœืงืกื–ื™ื ื’ืขืจ, ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึธืจื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืงืจืึทื ืงื”ืฒื˜ ืคืจื™ืœื™ื ื’ 1941. 
ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืจื•ื“ืขืจ, ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ ืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืœื™ื˜ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื’ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื ื•ื™ื˜ ื‘ืžืฉืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืึทื ืฆืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ-ืชึผืงื•ืคื”. ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืคืจืฒึทื™ื ื“, ื“ื™ 
ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ, ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ื ื’ืขืจืึทื˜ืขืฐืขื˜ ืึท ื™ืึธืจ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื”ื•ื ื’ืขืจ -ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ (ื–ืข: ืจื™ื ื’ืขืœื‘ืœื•ื, ื“ืึธืจื˜, ื–ื™ 8; ืื•ื™ืขืจื‘ืึทืš 
(1974), ื–ื–ื™ 2287227; 3237314). ืื•ื™ืš ื . ืฉื˜ืขืจื ื‘ืขืจื’ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืœืขื‘ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดืื•ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืœื™ื˜ืŸ 
ื›ืจืึธื ื™ืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื’ืขืจ (ืœืฑื˜: ืจื™ื ื’ืขืœื‘ืœื•ื, ื“ืึธืจื˜, ื–ื™ 10). 


106 


(143) ื–ืข: ืขืง (ืชืฉ"ืš), ื–ื™ 200. ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื˜ืฑื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืงืึธืœืขื’ืŸ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจืก ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ ื™ื™ืง. ืื™ืŸ: ืคื ืงืก ื•ื™ื˜ืœ, ื–ื™ 198. 


(144) ื–ืข ื™.ืง'ืก ืจื™ื™ื“ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืื™ืŸ: ืคื ืงืก ื•ื™ื˜ืœ, ื–ื™ 198 - ืฐื•ึผ ืขืก ื•ืขืจื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื—ื–ืจื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึทืจื’ืœืฒึทืš ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ 
ืึท ืœืขื‘ืขื“ื™ืงืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืึดื™ื– ื˜ื•ื™ื˜. | 


(145) ื–ืข: ืฆื•ืงืจืžืŸ- ืชืฉื›"ื˜, ื–' 359. 


(146) ื’ืขื ื•ื™ืข ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืื•ืคืŸ ื•ื™ ื™-ืง'ืก ืžืฉืคึผื—ื” ืื™ื– ืื•ืžื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ, ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืึธืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืึทืฐื•ึผืกื˜. ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื™.ืง. 
ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ืจื•ืขืŸ ื‘ื™ื–ืŸ ืกื•ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื™ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ. ืื™ืŸ 'ืคื ืงืก ื•ื™ื˜ืœ" ืงื•ืžื˜ ืขืก ื‘ื•ืœื˜ ืฆื•ื ืื•ื™ืกื“ืจื•ืง ืœืขื ื’-ืื•ื™ืก ื“ืขื ื’ืึทื ืฆืŸ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ. 
ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืื•ืคืŸ ื•ื™ ืึทื–ืฑ ื™.ืง'ืก ืžืฉืคึผื—ื” ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจื˜ืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืจืขืึทื’ื™ืจืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขื ื‘ืฉืขืช-ืžืขืฉื‚ื” ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจืึทืŸ 
ืงืขื’ื ื–ืึทืฆืœืขื›ืข ื‘ืึทืฉืจืฒื™ื‘ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ื–ืข: ื™. ืฆื•ืงืจืžืŸ - ืžื‘ืคื ื™ื, ื™"ื’, ื– 37; ืขืง (ืชืฉ"ืš), ื–' 206; ืœื•ื™ืŸ, ื., ื–ื™ 103, 
6 ืœื•ื™ื˜ ืึทืœืข ืžืงื•ืจื™ื ืื™ื– ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืงืœืึธืจ ืึทื– ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืขืŸ ืคึผืœื•ืฆืขื ืื•ืŸ ืื•ืžื“ืขืจืฐืึทืจื˜, ืฐืฒึทืœ ืœื•ื™ื˜ืŸ "ื’ืขื–ืขืฅ" ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื™.ืง'ืก 
ืคืจื•ื™ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ืึธืš, ืžื›ึผืœื•ืžืจืฉื˜, ื–ื™ื›ืขืจืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื•ื™ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข-- ื•ื™ ืžืฉืคึผื—ื”-ืžื™ื˜ื’ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ื ื“ื™ืงืŸ 
ื’ืขื˜ืึธื“ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ. ื“ื™ ืึธืคื™ืฆื™ืขืœืข ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉืข ืคืึทืจืึธืจื“ืขื ื•ื ื’ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ื˜ืœ ื’ืขืžืึทื›ื˜ ื“ื™ ืึทื ืขืจืงืขื ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื–ืึท ืกื˜ืึทื˜ื•ืก ืื™ื– ืขืจืฉื˜ 
ืคืึทืจืขืคื ื˜ืœืขื›ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื“ืขื 16ื˜ืŸ ืืฑื’ื•ืกื˜, ืก'ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื˜ืขื’ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ, ื–ืข: ืฆื•ืงืจืžืŸ- ืชืฉื›"ื˜, ื–ื™ 359, ืื•ืŸ 
ืคืึทืจื’ืœืฒึทื™ืš: ืคื ืงืก ื•ื™ื˜ืœ, ื–' 171. 


(147) ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ืžืฉืคึผื—ื” ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ื’ืขืฐื•ื™ื ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื ืึธืฐืึธืœื™ืคึผืงื™ 30, ื–ืข: ืขืง (ืชืฉ"ืš), ื–ื™ 199; ืคื ืงืก 
ื•ื™ื˜ืœ, ื–' 167. 


(148) ื–ืข: ืฆื•ืงืจืžืŸ- ืชืฉื›"ื˜, ื–ื™ 359; ืฆื•ืงืจืžืŸ- ืžื‘ืคื ื™ื, ื™"ื’, ื– 37:36; ืคื ืงืก ื•ื™ื˜ืœ, ื–ื™ 171. 
(149) ื–ืข: ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ืคื•ื ืขื ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื”ืจื’ืขื˜ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืึธืœืง, ื–ื–ื™ 92-90. 


(150) ื–ืข ืฐืึธืก ื™ื™ืง. ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืคื ืงืก ื•ื™ื˜ืœ, ื“ืขื 16ื˜ืŸ ืกืขืคึผื˜ืขืžื‘ืขืจ 1943, ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืžื™ืœืึทื“ื˜ืึธื’, ื“ืึธืจื˜, ื–ื™ 199. ืœื•ื˜ 
ื“ืขื ืงื•ืžื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ืึทื– ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ ืจื•ืคื˜ "ืžื™ืœืึทื“ื˜ืึธื’", ื“ืขื 5ื˜ืŸ ืกืขืคึผื˜ืขืžื‘ืขืจ 1942, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืข 
ืžืงื•ืจื™ื ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ืขืŸ ื“ืขื 6ื˜ืŸ ืกืขืคึผื˜ืขืžื‘ืขืจ ื•ื™ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืœืขืฆื˜ืขืจ ืขื˜ืึทืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธื ื’ืขื”ืฑื‘ืŸ. 
ื›ึผื“ื™ ืื•ื™ืคืฆื•ืงืœืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื›ึผืœื•ืžืจืฉื˜ื™ืงืข "ืกืชื™ืจื”" ื–ืข ื‘ืฒึท: ื ื™ื™ืฉื˜ื˜, ื–ื™ 67-- ืœื•ื˜ ื•ื™ ื’ืขืจืึทื˜ืขืฐืขื˜ืข ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืœื•ื™ื˜ 
ื•ื™ ื™.ืง. ืึทืœื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ื™ ืงืึธื ืฆืขื ื˜ืจื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขืคืึทื ื’ืขืŸ ืžื•ืฆืื™-ืฉื‘ืช, ื“ืขื 5ื˜ืŸ ืกืขืคึผื˜ืขืžื‘ืขืจ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ 
ื‘ืฒึทื™ ื ืึทื›ื˜. 


(151) ื–ึนืข: ืคื ืงืก ื•ื™ื˜ืœ, ื–' 180. ืขื ืœืขื›ืข ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ื—ื–ืจื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื™.ืง. ื“ืึธืจื˜, ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืคึผืึธืจ ืขืจื˜ืขืจ - ื–ืข ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ. 


(152) ื“ืขืจ ืคืึทืจืžืขืกื˜ ืฆื• ืคืึธืจืžื•ืœื™ืจืŸ ื“ืขื ื–ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทื˜ืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ืžืงื•ื ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคื˜, ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื•ื™ 
ืึท ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืึทื˜ื™ืง ืฐืึธืก ื•ืขืจื˜ ื‘ืึทื”ืึทื ื“ืœื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืœื™ื’ืขื ืฅ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื ืข ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืฐืึธืก ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ 
ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ. ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื“ืึทืŸ ืื™ื– ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืคืจืึทื’ืข ืคืึทืจื ื•ืžืขืŸ. ื–ืข 
ืึท ื‘ืึทืฉืจืฒื™ื‘ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื ื™ืฉื˜-ืคึผืึธืจืžืขืœืŸ ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขื ืงื•ื ืื™ืŸ ืึทืจื›ื™ื•ื• ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื ืจืึทื˜, ื“ืขื 6ื˜ืŸ ื“ืขืฆืขืžื‘ืขืจ 1942, ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ืขืก 
ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึธื ื˜ืฒืœ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ, ืฆืฐื™ืฉืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข, ื“"ืจ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืฉื™ืคึผืขืจ, ื“"ืจ ืขืžื ื•ืืœ ืจื™ื ื’ืขืœื‘ืœื•ื, ืžืึทื•ืจื™ืฆื™ ืึธื–ืฉืขืš, ื™ืฆื—ืง 
ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ, ืž. ื˜ืฉื•ื“ื ืขืจ, ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืคึผืขืจืœืข, ื™ืฆื—ืง ื’ื•ื˜ืขืจืžืึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืš, ื–ืข ืœืฑื˜: ื–ื™ึทื™ื“ืžืึทืŸ, ื–ื–ื™ 174-170. 


(153) ื‘ืึทืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืขื“ื•ืช ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ืื™ื‘ืขืจืœืขื‘ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื‘ืขืช ื“ื™ ืžื™ืœืึทื™ื˜ืขื’, ื–ืข ื‘ืฒึท: ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœื˜ืึธืŸ, ืคื ืงืก 
ื•ื™ื˜ืœ, ื–ื–' 204-195; ืื‘ืจื”ื ืœืฑืŸ, ืคื ืงืกื• ืฉืœ ืžื•ืจื” ืžื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื”, ื–ื–' 121-119; ื™ืึธื ืึทืก ื˜ื•ืจืงืึธื•, ืึทื•ื•ื™ ืื™ื– ืขืก 
ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ, ื–ื™ 4027384; ื”ืœื ื” ืฉืจืฉื‘ืกืงื”, ื”ืคืจืง ื”ื ื—ืจื•ืŸ, ื–ื–'ื™ 67713; ืžืœืš ื ื™ื™ืฉื˜ื˜, ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื•ืžืจื“ ืฉืœ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื•ืจืฉื”, 
ื–ื–' 69767; ื”ืœืœ ื–ืฒึทื“ืžืึทืŸ, ื˜ืึธื’-ื‘ื•ืš ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึทืจืฉืขื•ื•ืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ, ื—ื™ 117798. 


107 


(154) ื–ืข: ืฆื•ืงืจืžืŸ- ืชืฉื›"ื˜, ื– 359 ืื•ืŸ ืืฑืš ืฆื•ืงืจืžืŸ- ืžื‘ืคื ื™ื, ื™"ื’, ื™ื– 367:366. 


(155) ื–ืข ื“ืขื ืคึผืจืง ื’': "ืึธ ืฐืฒื™ื˜ืึธื’ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืžืฒึทื™ื ืข", ืื™ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ืคื•ื ืขื ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื”ืจื’ืขื˜ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืึธืœืง, ื–' 63- 
5 


(156) ื–ืข: ืฆื•ืงืจืžืŸ- ืžื‘ืคื ื™ื, ื™"ื’, ื“ืึธืจื˜. 


(157) ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธื ื’ืขื”ืฑื‘ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉืŸ ืฆืขื˜ื™ื™ืœื˜ ืคืึทืงื˜ื™ืฉ ื“ื™ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืจืฒึท ื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ, ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื–ืึธืœื™ืจ- 
ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื–ื™ื™ (ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืœื™ื™ื“ื™ืงื˜ืข ื’ืึทืกืŸ ืฐื•ึผ ืก'ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจื‘ืึธื˜ืŸ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ืฆื• ื•ื•ื•ื™ื ืขืŸ, ืึธื“ืขืจ ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืึธืŸ ืึท 
ื“ืขืจืœืฑื‘ืขื ื™ืฉ). ื“ื™ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ืื™ื– ืึทื–ืฑ ืึทืจื•ื ืฆืขื˜ื™ื™ืœื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืจืฒึท ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืก-ืœืึทื’ืขืจืŸ: (ื) ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื— ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืฆืขื ื˜ืจืึทืœืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ, ืื™ืŸ ืฆืคื•ืŸ, (ื‘) ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื— ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฐืึทืจืฉื˜ืึทื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืขื‘ืขื ืก, ืฉื•ืœืฅ, ืฉื™ืœื™ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจื˜, ืื™ืŸ ืฆืขื ื˜ืขืจ, (ื’) 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืœื™ื™ื ืข ื’ืขื˜ืึธ, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืจื•ื. 


(158) ื–ืข: ืคื ืงืก ื•ื™ื˜ืœ, ื–ื–' 168:167, 199. ื™.ืง. ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืฆืขื ื˜ืจืึทืœืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจื‘ืึธื˜ืขื ืข 
ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืœื™ื™ื“ื™ืงื˜ืข ื’ืึทืกืŸ, ื‘ืขืช ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื”ืขืœืคื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืืฑื™ื’ื•ืกื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืžืึธืœ-- ื“ืขื ืคืขืจื˜ืŸ ืกืขืคึผื˜ืขืžื‘ืขืจ 
2. 


(159) ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึทืœืฅ ืฐืึธืก ื™ื™ืง. ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ื™ื‘ืขื˜ืขืจ ืชึผืงื•ืคื” ืื™ื– ืฆื• ืื•ื ื“ื– ื“ืขืจื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ. ื‘ืฒึทื ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขื ืคื™ืจ ืžืึธื ืึทื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืฆืฒึทื˜-ืึธืคึผืฉื ื™ื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืึธื ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ "ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืง" ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื ื˜ื™ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื 
ืคึผืขืจื™ืึธื“-- ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืคึฟืึทืจืขื ื“ื™ืงื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคึผืึธืขืžืข "ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืจืึทื“ื–ื™ื ืขืจ". ื•ื™ ืขืก ืฐืฒึทื–ื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืื™ื™ ื“ืขืจ ื–ื™ื‘ืขื˜ื™ื™ืจ 
ืชึผืงื•ืคื” ืึธื ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื‘ืึทืงืึทื ื˜, ื–ืข ื“ื™ ื–ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืื™ืŸ: ืคึผืจื™ื“ืžืึทืŸ, ืง., ื– 123. 


(160) ืึทื–ืฑ ื“ืึทืจืฃ ืžืขืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืขื ืข ื‘ืฒึท: ืฆื•ืงืจืžืŸ - ืชืฉื›"ื˜, ื–ื™ 359, ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจื’ืœืฒึทืš ืื•ื™ืš ื“ื™ 
ื–ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืฒึท: ืคืจื™ื“ืžืึทืŸ, ืง., ื–ื™ 123. ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืขื ืข ืคืึทืงื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืœืœ ื–ืฒึทื“ืžืึทื ืก ื˜ืึธื’ื‘ื•ืš, ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื ืึธื˜ื™ืฅ ืฐืึธืก 
ื˜ืจืึธื’ื˜ ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืข 9.10.1942, ื“ืึทืจืฃ ืžืขืŸ ื’ืึธืจ ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืึทื– ื™.ืง. ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ื’ืขืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืฐืึทืจืฉื˜ืึทื˜ ืคืึทืจ 
ืกื˜ืึธืœืขืจืฒึท ื‘ืฒึท ืฉื™ืœื™ื ื’ืขืŸ. ื–ืข: ื–ื™ึทื™ื“ืžืึทืŸ, ื–ื–' 147-146. ืฆื•ื ื‘ืึทื“ืฑืขืจืŸ ืื™ื– ืื•ืžืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืึธื ืฆื•ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืื™ื ืคืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืขืก 
ื’ืขื‘ืจืึทื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื“ืžืึทื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ื•ืš, ืึธืŸ ืจืขื–ืขืจืฐืึทืฆื™ืขืก, ืฐืฒึทืœ ืก'ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ืฆื™ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’ื‘ื•ืš ืื™ื– ื˜ืึทืงืข ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ 
ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆืฒึทื™ื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืึธื ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืขื ืข ื“ืึทื˜ืขืก ืฐืฒึทื–ืŸ ืึธืŸ (ืคืึทืจื’ืœืฒึทืš ื“ืขื ืขืงืกื˜ืจืขื ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืฉืŸ ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ 
ื–ืฒึทื“ืžืึทื ืก ื˜ืึธื’ื‘ื•ืš ื‘ืฒึท: ื•ื•ืึทืกืขืจ, ื–ื–' 197-186). ื–ืฒึทึทื“ืžืึทื ืก ื‘ื•ืš ื‘ืจืขื ื’ื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ืื•ืžืคึผื™ื ืงื˜ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ 
ืžื™ื˜ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœื˜ืึธื ืขืŸ. ื“ืึธืš ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคึผืจื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื™.ืง'ืก ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ื‘ืฒึท ืฉื™ืœื™ื ื’ืขืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึทืงื˜ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ ืื•ื™ืš 
ื‘ืฒึท ื™ืึธื ืึทืก ื˜ื•ืจืงืึธื•ื•ืŸ, ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜: "ื‘ืฒึท 'ืฉื™ืœื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉืึธืคึผ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึท ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืข ืฆืฒึทื˜ ื’ืขืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืฐื•ื•ื™ื’ื˜ ื™ืฆื—ืง 
ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ, ืž. ื˜ืฉื•ื“ื ืขืจ...." (ื˜ื•ืจืงืึธื•ื• (1948), ื–ื™ 433). ื–ืข ืึท ื‘ืึทืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืจื™ืฉืขืจ ื“ื™ืกืงื•ืกื™ืข ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ 
ื™ื™ืง. ืื•ืŸ ืž. ื˜ืฉื•ื“ื ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขื ืฉืึธืคึผ, ื‘ืฒึท: ื–ื™ึทื™ื“ืžืึทืŸ, ื“ืึธืจื˜. ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืจื™ื ื’ืฉืึทืฆื•ื ื’ ืฐืึธืก ื‘ืึทื’ืœืฒื˜ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื•ื ื’ 
ืจื•ืคึฟื˜ ืึทืจืฑืก ืฉื˜ื•ื™ื ื•ื ื’. ื–ืฒึทื™ื“ืžืึทืŸ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื™-ืง'ืก ืึท ื‘ืงืฉื” ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ื“ืขื ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“ ืคื•ืŸ "ืขืœ ื ื”ืจื•ืช 
ื‘ื‘ืœ" ืื™ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื ืจืึทื˜-ืึทืจื›ื™ืฐื•; ื–ืฒึทืขื ื“ื™ืง ื“ืขืจ ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ืึธืจ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืึทืจื›ื™ื•ื• ื“ืขืจื•ื•ืขืงื˜ ื–ืฒึทื“ืžืึทื ืก ืื™ื ืคืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ืึท ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ 
ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืก, ื–ื™ ืจื•ื˜ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืš ืึทืจืฑืก ืึท ืคึฟืจืึทื’ืข-ืฆืฒื™ื›ืŸ ืฐืฒึทืœ ื“ืขืจ ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“ ืื™ื– ื‘ืึทื’ืจืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืึทืจื›ื™ื•ื• ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืจื•ืจ- 
ื”ื—ืœื•ืฅ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื˜ืขื’ ืคึฟืึทืจืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ. ืื•ื‘ ืก'ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึทืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธืคึผื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ "ืขืœ ื ื”ืจื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืœ" ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜, ืื•ื™ืฃ 
ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืœ, ื–ืฒึทื“ืžืึทื ืก ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืงืฉื” ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ืžืขืฉื‚ื™ื ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืงืœืึธืจ ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื ื™ืฉื˜ 
ืฆื• ื“ืขืจื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื™ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื™ืึธ ืฆื™ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืขืคึผืขืก ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ, ืขืจ ืฉืจืฒึทื™ื‘ื˜ ื ืึธืจ: "ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืกื›ึผื™ื, ื“ืึธืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื’ืขืฉืขืŸ". ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึทืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจ 
ืึธืจื˜ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ืœื•ื˜ ื–ืฒึทื“ืžืึทื ืขืŸ ืึทื– ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ื•ื™ ื™.ืง. ื”ืึธื˜ ืคึผืึธืจื’ืขืœื™ื™ืขื ื˜ "ื—ื ื™ื‘ืขืœ" ืื•ืŸ "ื‘ืžืคืงื“ื” ื”ืจืืฉื™ืช" 
(ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉืข ื“ืจืึทืžืขืก ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืขืœ) ื‘ืขืช ืื•ื™ืคื˜ืจื™ื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ, ื–ืข ื“ืึธืจื˜, ื–' 140 -- 
ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืคึฟืึทืจืฉื˜ืขื ื“ืœืขืš ืื•ืžืžืขื’ืœืขืš. ืœื•ื˜ ื–ืฒึทื“ืžืึทื ืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื˜ืึทืงืข ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขื”ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึทืจื›ื™ื•ื• ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื ืจืึทื˜ ื™ืฆื—ืง 
ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืคึฟื•ืŸ "ืขืœ ื ื”ืจื•ืช ื‘ื‘ึฟืœ". ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืจ ืึท ื ืึธื˜ื™ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ 7ื˜ืŸ ื™ืึทื ื•ืึทืจ 1943, 


108 


ื‘ืึทืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื ื“ื™ืง ื•ื™ ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ื”ื•ื‘ืขืจื‘ืึทื ื“ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืžืึทื›ื˜ ืฆื•ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ืึทื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ ืฉืึทืคื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ 
ื–ื™ืš ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื ืจืึทื˜-ืึทืจื›ื™ื•ื•, ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื‘ืึทื’ืจืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืื•ืžืžืขื’ืœืขืš, ืฐืฒึทืœ ื”ืจื‘ ื”ื•ื‘ืขืจื‘ืึทื ื“ 
ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืจื•ื™ ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจืฉื™ืงื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืจืขื‘ืœื™ื ืงืข ื“ืขื 18ื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ื’ื•ืกื˜ 1942, ืœื•ื™ื˜ ื•ื™ ืขืก ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœืŸ: ืขืžื ื•ืืœ 
ืจื™ื ื’ืขืœื‘ืœื•ื, ืึทื‘ืจื”ื ืœืขื•ื•ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืš (ื–ืข: ืจื™ื ื’ืขืœื‘ืœื•ื, ื’, ื–ื–ื™ 59758; ื‘ืœืขื˜ืขืจ ืคืึทืจ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข, ื‘ืึทื ื“ ืข1, ื”ืขืคื˜ 4, 
1, ื–' 94; ืœื•ื™ืŸ, ื. ื–ื™ 107). ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืœื™ืงืึทื˜ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ื”ืขืจืฉ ืฐืึทืกืขืจ, ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ืŸ 
ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœ. 


(161) ืคึผืจื˜ื™ื ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึทื ื˜ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืงืึทืžืคืก-ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ืึทืฆื™ืข, ื–ืข ืื™ืŸ: ื’ื•ื˜ืžืŸ (ืชืฉืœ"ื”), ื–' 361 
7 389-384. ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ืข ืึทืงืฆื™ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ืึทืฆื™ืข ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจืข ื”ืึทื ื“ืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืชึผืงื•ืคื”, ื–ืข, ื“ืึธืจื˜, 
ื–ื–'ื™ 389, 97ื‘ื'. 


(162) ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ื™.ืง. ืื™ืŸ "ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ืคื•ื ืขื ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื”ืจื’ืขื˜ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืคึผืึธืœืง", ื“ืึธืจื˜; ื–ื™ 93. ืคืึทืจื’ืœืฒึทืš 
ืฆื•ืงืจืžืŸ- ืชืฉื›"ื˜, ื–ื™ 359; ืœื•ื™ืŸ, ืœ. ื–ื™ 647. 


(163) ื–ืข: ืฆื•ืงืจืžืŸ- ืชืฉื›"ื˜, ื–' 359, ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจื’ืœืฒึทืš: ืกืคืจ ื“ืจื•ืจ, ื–' 481. 
(164) ื–ืข: ืฆื•ืงืจืžืŸ - ืชืฉื›"ื˜, ื“ืึธืจื˜. 

(165) ื–ืข: ืกืคืจ ื“ืจื•ืจ, ื–' 482. 

(166) ืฆื•ืงืจืžืŸ- ืชืฉื›"ื˜, ื–ื™ 359. 


(167) ืฆื•ืงืจืžืŸ- ืžื‘ืคื ื™ื, ื™"ื’, ื–ื™ 37. ืคืึทืจื’ืœืฒึทืš ื“ืึธืก ืฐืึธืก ืœื™ื™ื–ืขืจ ืœืขื•ื•ื™ืŸ ื’ื™ื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื™ืง'ืก ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืคืึทืจ ื“ื™ 
ืงืขืžืคืขืจ, ืœื•ื™ืŸ, ืœ. ื–' 648. 


(168) ืึท ื’ืขื ื•ืข ื‘ืึทืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึทืžืฃ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื™-ืง'ืก ื”ืึทืœื˜ื•ื ื’ ื–ืข ื‘ืฒึท: ืฆื•ืงืจืžืŸ - ืชืฉื›"ื˜, ื–ื™ 360-359; ืœื•ื™ืŸ, 
ืœ., ื“ืึธืจื˜; ืกืคืจ ื“ืจื•ืจ, ื–ื–' 485-481. ืื™ืŸ "ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ืคื•ื ืขื ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื”ืจื’ืขื˜ืŸ ื™ื™ื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืคึฟืึธืœืง", ืคึผืจืงื™ื ื™"ื’; ื™"ื“-- ืกื˜ืจืึธืคืขืก 
ื˜'-ื˜"ื•; ื‘ืึทืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื˜ ื™.ืง. ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉืŸ. ื–ืข ืื•ื™ืš ื‘ืฒึท: ื‘ืขื’ื ืขืจ, ื–ื™ 87-- ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืคึผืจื˜ื™ืžื“ื™ืง ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ื•ื™ ืึทื–ืฑ, ืื•ื™ืฃ 
ืžืึธืจื’ืŸ, ื“ืขื 19ื˜ืŸ ื™ืึทื ื•ืึทืจ, ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื”ืึธื˜ ืึทืฐืขืง ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทื”ืขืœื˜ืขื ื™ืฉ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืžื™ืœืึท 61, ืื•ืŸ 
ื™ื™ืง. ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™. ืคึผืึทืจื’ืœืฒึทืš ื“ื™ ืกื˜ืจืึธืคืข ื—' ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืจืง ื™"ื“ ืคื•ืŸ "ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ืคื•ื ืขื ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื”ืจื’ืขื˜ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืคึผืึธืœืง", ื“ืึธืจื˜, ื–ื™ 97, 


(169) ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืึทื ื“ืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืงืึทืžืคืก-ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ืึทืฆื™ืข ื–ืข ื‘ืฒึท: ื’ื•ื˜ืžืŸ (ืชืฉืœ"ื”), ื–ื–ื™ 389- 
5, ืื•ืŸ ื–ืข ืœืžืฉืœ, ืคึผืจืฅ ืึธืคึผืึธื˜ืฉื™ื ืกืงื™ืก ืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’, ื“ืึธืจื˜, 393. ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืคืึธืจื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคื˜ืœืขื›ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ืึทืฆื™ืข, ื ืึธื›ืŸ ื™ืึทื ื•ืึทืจ-ืืฑืคึผืฉื˜ืึทื ื“, ื–ืข ื“ืึธืจื˜, ื–ื–' 414-409. ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื•ื™ 
ืฆื• ืงืจื™ื’ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืขืจ ื“ื•ืจืš ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขืฆืฐื•ึผื ื’ืขื ืข ื’ืขืœื˜-ื‘ืฒึทืฉื˜ืฒืขืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ, ื–ืข, ื–ื™ 441-440. ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจื’ืœืฒึทืš ื™ืฆื—ืง 
ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜, ืฐื™ ืขืจ ืึทืœื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืขื“ื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ: ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ืคื•ื ืขื ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื”ืจื’ืขื˜ืŸ 
ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืึธืœืง, ืขื ื“ืข ืกื˜ืจืึธืคึผืขืก ื™' ืื•ืŸ ื™"ื, ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืจืง ื™"ื“, ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ืฒึทื˜ 97, 


(170) ื–ืข ื“ืึธืจื˜, ืกื˜ืจืึธืคืข ื˜' ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืง ื™"ื“. ื–ืข ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื™.ืง. ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ื‘ืฒึท ื‘ืึทืจืฉื˜ืŸ-ืคืึทื‘ืจื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืข, ื‘ืฒึท: ื‘ืขื’ื ืขืจ, ื–ื™ 
7 


(171) ื ืึธืš ื“ืขืจ ืจืขืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ืึทืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืงืึทืžืคื˜-ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ืึทืฆื™ืข, ืกื•ืฃ ื™ืึทื ื•ืึทืจ 1943, ื’ืขืคื™ื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื— ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ื™ ืฉืึธืคึผืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืขื‘ืขื ืก ืื•ืŸ ืฉื•ืœืฅ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธืžืึทื ื“ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืฆื•ืงืขืจืžืึทื ืขืŸ, ื–ืข ื’ื•ื˜ืžืŸ (ืชืฉืœ"ื”), ื–ื™ 435, 


(172) ื–ืข: ืœื•ื™ืŸ, ืœ., ื–' 648. ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื‘ืึทืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื™-ืง'ืก ืฆื•ื‘ื•ื ื“ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืงืขืžืคืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ "ื“ืจื•ืจ" ืื•ืŸ "ื”ื—ืœื•ืฅ" ืื•ืŸ ื•ื™ ื”ื•ื™ืš 
ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธืคึผื ืขืฉืึทืฆื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืฆื™ืœ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ืžืขืฉื‚ื™ื. 


109 


(173) ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืงืจืึธืงืข, ื–ืข: ื ื™ื™ืฉื˜ื˜, ื–ื™ 348; ืกืคืจ ื“ืจื•ืจ, ื–ื–' 422-420. ื‘ืขืชืŸ ื™ืึทื ื•ืึทืจ-ืืฑืคึผืฉื˜ืึทื ื“ 
ืื™ื– ื™ืฆื—ืง ืฆื•ืงืขืจืžืึทืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืงืึธื ืฐืึทืœืขืกืขื ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืงื•ื™ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืคื•ืก ื‘ืขืชืŸ ืึทื˜ืขื ื˜ืึทื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืงืจืึธืงืข, ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืชืŸ 
ื‘ืึทืฐืึธืคื ื˜ืŸ ืงืึทืžืฃ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ืึทืžืขื ื”ืึธืฃ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืึทื ื•ืึทืจ, ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืช ื“ืขื ืฆื•ืจื™ืงืฆื™ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš-- ืื™ื– ืขืจ 
ืฉืึทืงืข ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฉืฐืึทื›ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ, ื–ืข: ื‘ืขื’ื ืขืจ, ื–ื™ 87, ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจื’ืœืฒึทืš ื‘ืฒึท ื™ื™ืง. ืื™ืŸ: ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ืคื•ื ืขื ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื”ืจื’ืขื˜ืŸ 
ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืึธืœืง, ื–ื™ 94, ืกื˜ืจืึธืคึผืขืก ื™ื™-ื™"ื. 


(174) ื–ืข ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืฆื™ื˜ื™ืจื˜ืข ืฉื•ืจื”, ื ื•ืž' 20, ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจื’ืœืฒึทืš ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ "ื™ื“ืขืชื™" ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ ืชืจืฆ"ื–, ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–' 46, 


(175) ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉื™ืฉืขืจ ื˜ืึทืงื˜ื™ืง ื›ึผื“ื™ ืึทืจืฑืกืฆื•ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ, ื ืึธื›ืŸ ื™ืึทื ื•ืึทืจ- 
ืื•ื™ืคืฉื˜ืึทื ื“ ืื™ืŸ 1943, ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ืจืงื•ื ื’ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืงืึทืžืคืก-ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ืึทืฆื™ืข ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื“ืฒื™ื˜ืฉืข 
ืคืึธืจืฉืœืึธื’ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืึทื ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ื‘ื›ืœืœ, ื–ืข: ื’ื•ื˜ืžืŸ (ืชืฉืœ"ื”), ื–"ื– 4557428, ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข ืขื ื™ื ื™ื 
ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ ื’ื•ื˜ืžืึทืŸ ืึทื– ืคืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืžื™ื˜ื’ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืงืึทืžืคืก-ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ืึทืฆื™ืข ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืจืขื‘ื•ื ื’ ืฆื• 
ืงืขืžืคืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืึท ืžื•ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืฐื™ื“ืขืจืฉื˜ืึทื ื“ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜, ืึท ืฆื™ืœ ืคืึทืจ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืึทื‘ืกืึธืœื•ื˜ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืคึผืขืœ. 
ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื•ื ืงืขืจืก ืคืึทืจ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ, ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื–ืึธืจื’ื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื•ื™ ืึทื–ืฑ ื–ื™ืš 
ืฆื•ืจื™ืงืฆื™ืขืŸ ื ืึธื›ืŸ ืฉืœืึทื›ื˜. ื’ื•ื˜ืžืึทืŸ ืฆื™ื˜ื™ืจื˜ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืึทื ื™ืœืขืฐื™ื˜ืฉืขืก ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ, ืึทื– "ื“ืขืจ ืงืึทืžืฃ ืึทืœืฒืŸ ืื™ื– ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืึท ืœืขืฆื˜ืขืจ 
ืœืขื‘ื ืก-ืฐื•ึผื ื˜ืฉ", ื–ืข, ื“ืึธืจื˜, ื–ื™. 437, 


(176) ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ืคื•ื ืขื ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื”ืจื’ืขื˜ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืึธืœืง, ืคึผืจืง ื™"ื“, ืกื˜ืจืึธืคึผืขืก ื™"ื‘-ื™"ื’, ื–ื™ 98. 
(177) ื–ืข: ื’ื•ื˜ืžืŸ (ืชืฉืœ"ื”), ื–' 442. 


(178) ื–ืข: ืœื•ื™ืŸ, ืœ., ื–ื™ 648-- ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื‘ืึทืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื˜ ืœื™ื™ื–ืขืจ ืœืขื•ื•ื™ืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ื“ืขืจื ืขื ื˜ืขืจื•ื ื’ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื›ึผืœืœ-ื˜ื•ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ 
ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืงืจืฒึทื– ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜. ืึท ืคึผืจื˜ื™ืžื“ื™ืงืข ื‘ืึทืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื•ื ื’ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืคืึทืจื–ืึทืžืœื•ื ื’ ื‘ืขืชืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื‘ืจื•ืš ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืฉื˜ืึทื ื“, ื–ืข 
ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ: ืกืคืจ ื“ืจื•ืจ, ื–' 415. | 


(179) ืž. ื‘ืขื’ื ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ืึทื–: "ื“ืขื 15ื˜ืŸ ืึทืคึผืจื™ืœ ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ืื™ื (ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืขืŸ) ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ 
ืžืึธืจื’ื ืฉื˜ืขืจื ืก ื”ื•ื™ื– (ืื•ื™ืฃ ืœืขืฉื ืึธ 41). ืœื™ื™ื–ืขืจ ืœืขื•ื•ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื’ื•ื˜ืงืึธื•ื•ืกืงื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืขืžืึธืœื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ. ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ 
ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจืคื™ืจืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืึทืจื™ืฉืขืจ ื–ืฒื™ื˜ ืึท ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืฆื•ืงืขืจืžืึทื ืก ื–ืึทื›ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื›ืขืจ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ืฆื• ื™ืฆื—ืง 
ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืขืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืึทื“ืึทืจืคื˜ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ืื•ื ื“ื– ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืข ื˜ืขื’ ืึทืจื•ื... ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜ ื“ืขืžืึธืœื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ืื™ื ืžืขืจ 
ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ", ื–ืข: ื‘ืขื’ื ืขืจ, ื–ื™ 87. | 


(180) ื–ืข ื“ื™ ืžืึทืคึผืข ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืขืจื•ืช ื‘ืฒึท: ื ื™ื™ืฉื˜ื˜. 


(181) ื–ืข: ืœื•ื™ืŸ, ืœ., ื–ื™ 649; ื–ืข ืื•ื™ืš ื‘ืฒึท: ืฆื•ืงืจืžืŸ, ืชืฉื›"ื˜, ื–ื™ 360. ื™ืฆื—ืง ืฆื•ืงืขืจืžืึทืŸ ื’ื™ื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ ืฆื• ืึทื– "ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ื™ ืคืจืฒึทื™ื ื“ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืึท ืคึผืจืึธืฐื™ื–ืึธืจื™ืฉืŸ ืึธืจื˜ ื‘ืฒึท ืึท ืคึผื•ื™ืœื™ืฉืŸ ืกื˜ืจื•ื–ืฉ, ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ ืื™ื– ืขืจ ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ืฆื•ื ื‘ื•ื ืงืขืจ 
ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืงื”ืœืฉืข ื’ืขืœื˜ -- ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ืึธืจืึทื ื–ืฉืขืจื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืคึผืฑืœื™ืฉืŸ ื’ืขืจื˜ื ืขืจ, ืื•ืฑืฃ ื“ืขืจ 
ื’ืจืึธื™ืขืฆืงืึท ื’ืึทืก. ืœืฑื˜ ื™.ืงื™ืก "ืคื ืงืก ื•ื™ื˜ืœ" ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืึทืจืฑืกืงืจื™ื’ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ, ืึท ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ, ืขืจ 
ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜: "...ืฉื™ื™ื ื‘ืขืจื’ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืจืึทื˜ืขืฐืขื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื–ื•ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืš, ืื•ื™ืš ืžื™ืš, ืึทืฐืขืงื–ืขืฆื ื“ื™ืง ืื•ื ื“ื– ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืฐืึธื’ืŸ ื“ืขื 
ืœืขืฆื˜ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื ื˜ื•ื ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืึทืจืฑืก ื“ื•ืจื›ืŸ ื˜ืฑื™ืขืจ. ืคืึทืจืŸ ื”ื•ื™ื– ืื•ื™ืฃ ืœืขืฉื ืึธ 72, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืื•ื ื“ื– 
ืึทื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืจืึทื›ื˜ ืึทืœืก ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืคืึทื‘ืจื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื’ื•ื™ึดืฉืŸ ืงืฐืึทืจื˜ื™ืจ, ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืึธื ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ 
ืื™ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืขืจื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ืœ, ืึท ื‘ืึทื”ืขืœื˜ืขื ื™ืฉ ืฐืึธืก ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืคืจืฒึทื ื“ ื’ื•ื–ืฉื™ืง", ื“ืึธืจื˜, ื–ืฒึทื™ื˜ 180. 
ื’ื•ื–ืฉื™ืง ืื™ื– ื‘ืขืช ื“ืขืจ ืžืœื—ืžื” ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ื”ื™ื™ืกืขืจ ืึธื ื”ืขื ื’ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื—ืœื•ืฆื™ืฉืขืจ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืขืจื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ื‘ืึทืฐื•ืขื’ื•ื ื’-- 
ื™ืคืึทืจื’ืœืฒึทืš ื“ืึธืจื˜, ื–ื™ 190. - 


10 


(182) ื–ืข: ืฆื•ืงืจืžืŸ, ืชืฉื›"ื˜, ื–' 3617360; ืขืง (ืชืฉื™"ื–), ื—' 111:93 (ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขื™ืงืจ, ื–ื–' 101:100). ืึท 
ื’ืจื•ื ื˜ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจืฉื” ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื™ืึธื ืึทืก ื˜ื•ืจืงืึธื•ื•, ื“ืขืจ ืกื•ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืœื•ื–ื™ืขืก, ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืึทืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื ื›ืขืŸ ื‘ื™ื– ืฆื• 
ื“ื™ ื’ืึทื–ืงืึทืžืขืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฉื•ื•ื™ืฅ. ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘, ื”ืžื ื•ืจื” 1972-ืชืฉืœ"ื‘. ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื•ืš ืฐื•ืขืจืŸ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ ืคื™ืœ ืคึผืจื˜ื™ื ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืง 
ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืขืŸ. | 


111 





ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ ื.ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื–ื•ืŸ ืฆื‘ื™, ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ 


ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ืฉืจื™ืคื˜ืŸ 


ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึทืจืฉืข 


ื‘ืึทื ื•ืฆื˜ืข ื“ืขืฉื™ืคืจื™ืจ-ืกื™ืžื ื™ื 


{{ } ืจืขืกื˜ืึทืฐื•ืจื™ืจื˜ืขืจ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืœืฑื˜ืŸ ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“ 
{ } ื“ืขื ืžื—ื‘ืจืก ืึท ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจืขืจ ืฆื•ื’ืึธื‘ ืฆื•ื ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“ 


2 8 ืื™ ื“ื™ ืึทืจืฒึทื ืคื™ืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ื™ื˜ืœืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืึทืคื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืึท ืฆื•ื ืึธื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ืจืขื“ืึทืงื˜ืึธืจ 
ืื™ืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ืฉืจื™ืคื˜ืŸ ืึท ืคืึทืจืžืขืงื˜ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืึท ืคืึทืจืคึผืขืœื˜ ืฐืึธืจื˜ 


ื‘ืฒึทื™ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืฐืึธืก ืžื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืœืึธื–ืŸ ืึท ืœื™ื™ื“ื™ืง ืึธืจื˜ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื“ืขืฉื™ืคึฟืจื™ืจ- 
ืกื™ืžื ื™ื, ืึทืคึผื™ืœื• ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžืข ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืžืฉืขืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื“ืขื ืื™ื ื”ืึทืœื˜ 


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ืึทืจื™ื™ื™ื ืคื™ืจ 1 


ืึท ืคืจืึทื’ืžืขื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื ื™ื˜-ืคืึทืจืขื ื“ื™ืงื˜ืŸ ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“. ืึท ืœื™ื“ ืึธืŸ ืึท ื“ืึทื˜ืข, ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืœื•ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื”ืฉืขืจื”, ืคืึทืจืŸ 
ืกื•ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื”ืขืœืคื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ 1940. ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื“ืึธ ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ืฆื•ื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืžืึธืœ. ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ืžืขื ื˜ืึทืœืก ืจืฉื™ืžื” 
ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืคืจืึทื’ืžืขื ื˜ ืคืึทืจืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืึธืจื˜ ื ื•ืž' 14. ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืื™ื– ืฉื˜ืึทืจืง ืฆืขืฉืขื“ื™ืงื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืฒืœืฐืฒึทื– 
ืื•ืžืœื™ื™ื ืขื•ื•ื“ื™ืง. ืžื™ืจ ื“ืจื•ืงืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ื‘ืจืืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืึทื‘ืข ืฐืฒึทืœ ืขืก ื–ืขื˜ ืื•ื™ืก, ืœืฑื˜ืŸ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืฐืึธืก ืœืึธื–ื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ื“ืขืฉื™ืคืจื™ืจืŸ, ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ืžื•ื ื’ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืขืจืฉื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื’ืขืคื™ืœืŸ-ื’ืึทื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืึธืš ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืขืจ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืฉืจืฒื™ื‘ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืืฒึทื ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขื ืขืจ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข, ืื™ืŸ ืžืึทื™/ื™ื•ื ื™ 1940. ื ืึธืš ื“ืขื ื•ื™ ื™ืฆื—ืง 
ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืฉืึทืคึผืขืจื™ืฉ ื’ืขืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜ ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืคืึธืจืฆื•ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืขืจ ื–ืึธืœ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืึท ืœื™ื“ 
ื•ื™ "ืื•ื™ืฃ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืžืึธืœ". ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืœื™ื“ ืื™ื– ืึทืฐื•ืขืงื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฆืขื ื˜ืขืจ (ืื•ื™ืฃ ื•ื•ื™ืคืœ ืก'ืื™ื– ืฆื• 
ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืขืฉื™ืคืจื™ืจื˜ืข ืœื™ื™ื ืขื•ื•ื“ื™ืงืข ื—ืœืงื™ื) ืึท ื“ื™ืกืึธืฆื™ืึทืฆื™ืข ืฆืฐื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืึท ื ื™ื’ื•ืŸ ืึธืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืขืงื–ื™ืกื˜ืขื ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ -- ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื–ื™ื ื’ืขืจ, ืžื—ืžืช ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ื•ืžืขื ื™ืฉ ืฐืึธืก ื‘ืึทืฐื•ืขืœื˜ื™ืงื˜ ื“ืขื ืคึผืึธืขื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืงืฐื•ืึทืœื˜ 
ืึทืจืฑืก ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื”ืฑืคึผื˜ื’ืขืคื™ืœ, ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืึทื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืขื ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ืจืงืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ื– ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืึธืจื˜ 
ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคืึทืจืึทืŸ ืคืึทืจ ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื ื™ื’ื•ื ื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึทืจื’ืึทื ื’ืขื ื”ืฒื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืจืฒึทืกืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื ืึทืจืฑืก, ื•ื•ื™ึทื™ืœ ื–ื™ 
ืฉื˜ื™ืžืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื’ืขืคื™ืœืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืขื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื ืฒึท ืฆื• ืคืึทืจืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืขืŸ. 

ื“ืึธืก ื’ืขืคื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืคึผืœื˜ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื•ืžืขื ื™ืฉ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื“: ืกืฒึท ืžื—ืžืช ื“ืขื ืื•ื™ืกืคืขืœืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ" 
ืคืึทืจืึทื ืขื ืข ืื•ืŸ ืกืฒึท ืžื—ืžืช ื“ืขื ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื–ื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ืึทืคื™ืœื• ื“ืขื ื ื™ื’ื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืขื ืงื•ืœ-- ืื™ื– ื“ื™ 
ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืขื“ื•ืชืฉืึทืคื˜ ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขื ืงืึทืžืฃ ืฐืึธืก ืงื•ืžื˜ ืคืึธืจ ื‘ืฒึท ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืขืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืช-ืฉื™ืจื”, ืื™ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ืึธืงื•ืคึผื™ืจื˜ืขืจ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืŸ ื ืึทืฆื™ื™ืจืขื–ืฉื™ื. ื ืึธืš ื“ืขื ื•ื™ ื“ืขืจ ืงืึทืžืฃ ืื™ื– ืึทื ื˜ืฉืฒื“ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืง 
ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ ืกืฒึท ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืกืฒึทื™ ื ื™ื’ื•ื ื™ื ืคืึทืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืึทืคึผืขืจื™ืฉืŸ ื“ืจืึทื ื’, ืึธื ื”ืฒื‘ื ื“ื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื”ืขืœืคื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ 1940, ืื™ื– ืื•ืžืฐืึทืจืฉืฒึทื ืœืขืš ืึธื ืฆื•ื ืขืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขื’ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืึทื– ืขืจ ื–ืึธืœ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ 
ืึธื ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ "ืื•ื™ืฃ ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืžืึธืœ" ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืชึผืงื•ืคื” ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืึทืคืŸ. 

ื“ืขืจ ืึธืจื™ื’ื™ื ืขืœืขืจ ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“ ื’ืขืคื™ื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืšืึทืจื›ื™ื•ื• ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ืœื•ื—ืžื™ ื”ื’ื™ื˜ืื•ืช, 
ืจืขื’ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ืจื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื ื•ืž' 1611/1028. 


(ืื•ื™ืฃ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืžืึธืœ 


1 ืจืฒึทืกื˜ ืึท} ืœื™ื“ืœ ื–ื™ืš ืึทืจืฑืก ืึธืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ, 

ึฐืึท ื ื™ื’ื•ืŸ ื’ืึธืจ ืึทืŸ ืึทื–ื–ื˜ืขืจ ืจืฒึทืกื˜ ืึทืจืฑืก ื–ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ -- 
1 ืื•ืŸื–ืงื•ืžื˜ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึทืœื˜ืข ืึทืœื˜ืข ืขืจื˜ืขืจ, 
ื•ืื•ื™ืฃ} ืขืจื˜ืขืจ, ืฐื•ึผ ืžืขืŸ ืื™ื– ืึท ืžืึธืœ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ... 

ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื–ื™ื ื’, ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื–ื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืžืึธืœ 

ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ื”ืึธืกื˜ื• ื“ืึธืš ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืœืึทื ื’ ืคืึทืจื’ืขืกืŸ... 


115 


(ืคืึทืจื’ืขื˜ืŸ ื“ืขื ื ื™ื’ื•ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื• ื–ื™ื ื’ืกื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื•ื™ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืงื•ืœ, 
(ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ืึธ ื’ืขื“ืึทื›ื˜ } ืื™ื– ืึท ืžืช ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ืจ ืคืึทืจื–ืขืกืŸ... 
ื˜} ื’ื™ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึทืœื˜ืข ืึทืœื˜ืข ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ 
ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืŸ ื”ืึธืกื˜ ืึท ืžืึธืœ ื‘ืึทื˜ืจืึธื˜ืŸ, 
ื‘ืึทืฐื•}ืึทืงืกืขื ืข ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืจืึธื–, ืื•ืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืœืขื’ืŸ -- 
} ืฉื˜ื•ื ืึทืจื•ื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ืจ ืึท ืฉืึธื˜ืŸ... 
ืฉืึธื˜ื ืก ืื•ื} ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืœืขื’ืขื ืข ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ 
ืคืึทืจืœืึธื–ืŸ ื–ื™ ื‘ืึทื–ื’ืขื’ื ื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ ื“ืึธืจื˜; 
ื–ื™ ... ื“ื™ ืฉืึธื˜ื ืก ืงืขื ืกื˜ื• ืคืจืขื’ืŸ)-- 
ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ืขืŸ ืฐืึธืจื˜ืŸ 


21 - 41 144 461 1220 64 2 = = 


116 


ืึทืจื™ื™ื ืคื™ืจ 2 


ืึท ืœื™ื“ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ ื•ื™ ืชืžื•ื– ืช"ืฉ (ื‘ื™ื–ืŸ ืคืขืจื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ื’ื•ืกื˜ 1940). ื“ืขืจ ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“ ืื™ื– ืฆื• ืื•ื ื“ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ 
ื“ืขืจื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ, ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืึธืคึผื’ืขื”ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ืขืจ ืžืงื•ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื“ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจืฉื™ื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืขืจื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืคึผืจืขืกืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ "ื“ืจื•ืจ"-ื‘ืึทื•ื•ืขื’ื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึธืงื•ืคึผื™ืจื˜ืขืจ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข. ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ืžืขื ื˜ืึทืœืก ืจืฉื™ืžื” 
ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ืคืึทืจืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืึธืจื˜ ื ื•ืž' 4, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืึทื‘ืข ื“ืจื•ืงืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืึธืจื˜, ื“ืึธืก 
ืื™ื– ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึทื ืก ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืฉืึทืคื•ื ื’ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜ืขืจ ื“ืึทื˜ืข, ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ืกื˜ืข ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืื•ื ื“ื– 
ื‘ืึทืงืึทื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ื›ึผืชื‘ื™ื. 

ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ืึธืคึผื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ: ื“ืจื•ืจ, ืชืžื•ื– ืช"ืฉ, ื ื•ืž' 3, ื–ื–ื™ 8 -- 10, ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ 
ืžื™ื˜ ื ืึธื˜ืŸ ืคืึทืจืคืึทืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืœืึทื“ืฉื˜ืฒืŸ (ืœืฑื˜: ืฆื•ืงืจืžืŸ - ืžื‘ืคื ื™ื, ื™"ื’, ื–ื™ 33). ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึธืžืคึผืึธื–ื™ื˜ืึธืจืŸ 
ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืžื•ื–ื™ืง ืฆื• ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืขืชืŸ ืื•ืžืงื•ื ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืขื˜ ืึทืœืฒืŸ, 
ื’ืœืึทื“ืฉื˜ืฒื ืก ื ืึธืžืขืŸ (ื–ืข: ืคื ืงืก ื•ื™ื˜ืœ, ื–' 180) ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคึผืจื˜-ื ืึธืžืขืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื• ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึทื ื˜ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ื›ึผืชื‘ื™ื, ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธืžืคึผืึธื–ื™ื˜ืึธืจ ืื™ื“ืขื ื˜ื™ืคื™ืฆื™ืจื˜ ื•ื™ ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ 
ื’ืœืึทื“ืฉื˜ืฒืŸ (ื–ืข: ื›ึผืชื‘ื™ื-ืื— ืจื•ื ื™ื, ืชืฉื›"ื˜, ื–' 367). ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื’ืœืึทื“ืฉื˜ืฒืŸ (1893- 1944) ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืคืึทืจืคืึทืกื˜ ื ืึธืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆืฐื•ืึทื ืฆื™ืงืขืจ ื™ืึธืจืŸ, ืžื•ื–ื™ืง ืฆื• ืคื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ืฉืึทืคื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ื•ื™ ืœืžืฉืœ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ 
ื–ืึทืžืœื•ื ื’ ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืžืฉื” ื‘ืจืึธื“ืขืจื–ืึธืŸ, "ื’ืขื–ืึทื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืฉืคึผื™ืœ", ืฐืึทืจืฉืข 1920, ืื•ืŸ ืฆื• 
ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ื“ืจืึทืžืึทื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืคึผืึธืขืžืข "ืคืึทื˜ื™ืžืึท", ืœืึธื“ื–ืฉ ืชืจ"ืค. ืžืœืš ื ืฒึทืฉื˜ืึทื˜ ืื™ื– ื–ื™ืš ื˜ื•ืขื” ื‘ืฒึทื 
ืื™ื“ืขื ื˜ื™ืคื™ืฆื™ืจืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืึธืžืคึผืึธื–ื™ื˜ืึธืจ ื•ื™ ื™ืขืงื‘ ื’ืœืึทื“ืฉื˜ืฒืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ืžืœื—ืžื” ืึท ืœืขืจืขืจ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขื–ืึทื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ื™ืžื ืึทื–ื™ืข "ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื”" ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข ืื•ืŸ ืึท ื›ืึธืจืŸ-ื“ื™ืจื™ื’ืขื ื˜. ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ 
ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ื™ืจื˜ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ-ื›ืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืœื™ื˜ื™ื- ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ืŸ (ืคืึทืจื’ืœืฒึทืš: ื ื™ื™ืฉื˜ื˜, ื–' 290- 291). 

ื ืึธืš ื“ืขืจ ืžืœื—ืžื” ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื ืึธื˜ืŸ ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ: ื“ืคื™ื ืœื—ืงืจ ื”ืฉื•ืื” ื•ื”ืžืจื“, ื, 
ืืคืจื™ืœ 1951, ื–ื–' 9-- 12 ื‘ืึทื’ืœืฒื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ึดืฉืขืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืž. ื–. ืฐืึธืœืคืึธืฐื•ืกืงื™ (ื“ืึธืจื˜, ื–ื–' 13 -- 
4). 


ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึธืงื•ืคึผื™ืจื˜ืขืจ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ื™.ืง. ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืึธื ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืขื ืข ืœื™ื“ืขืจ, ืคืึทืจ ื“ื™ 
ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ "ื“ืจื•ืจ"-ื‘ืึทืฐืขื’ื•ื ื’. ืœื•ื˜ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข ืขื“ื•ืช ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ ืคึผืึทืจื’ืขื“ืขื ืงื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืกืš, 
ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืžืขืœืึธื“ื™ืขืก ื•ื™ "ืคืึธืœืงืกืžืึธื˜ื™ื•ื• ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ 1940" (ืคืึทืจื’ืœืฒึทืš: ืงื•ืจื ื™ืื ืกืงื™, ื–ื™ 640). 
ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ืขืจ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืคื•ื ืขื ืœื™ื“, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืจื•ืจ, ื’ืขืคื™ื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš (ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื ืึธื˜ืŸ) ืื™ืŸ ื™.ืง. -ืึทืจื›ื™ื•ื• ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ืœื•ื—ืžื™ 
ื”ื’ื™ื˜ืื•ืช ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืจืึธื’ื˜ ื“ืขื ืจืขื’ื™ืกื˜ืจืึทืฆื™ืข-ื ื•ืžืขืจ 1411/1602. 

ืึท ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจืขืจ ืคืึทืจื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ื ื•ืกื— ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื“, ืฐืึธืก ื™.ืง. ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ 1943 ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืขืœ, ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื–ื™ืš ืึธืคึผื’ืขืจืึทื˜ืขืฐืขื˜ ื‘ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“, ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืคื™ื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื™.ืง. -ืึทืจื›ื™ื• ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ืœื•ื—ืžื™ ื”ื’ื™ื˜ืื•ืช, ืจืขื’ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ืจื˜ 
ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื ื•ืž' 14111/1010. 

ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื“ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื‘ืึทืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื›ืึทืคึผืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึทืก ืฆื• ืฆืฐืึทื ื’ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ื˜ืึธื’ื™ื˜ืขื’ืœืขืš. ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืก'ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ืึธืš 
ื“ืขืจืฉื™ื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืจืขื’ื•ืœืึทืฆื™ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขื ืขืจืึทืœ-ื’ื•ื‘ืขืจื ืึทื˜ืึธืจ ืคืจืึทื ืง ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืฆืฐืึทื ื’ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืคืึทืจ ื™ื™ื“ืŸ 
(26.10.1939), ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืก'ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจืขืคื ื˜ืœืขื›ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจืึธืจื“ืขื ื•ื ื’ ื“ื™ ืจืขื’ื•ืœืึทืฆื™ืขืก ื“ื•ืจื›ืฆื•ืคื™ืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ 
ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืจื’ืจื•ืคึผื ืคื™ืจืขืจ ืคืจื™ื“ืจื™ืš ืงืจื™ื’ืขืจ, ื“ืขืจ ืจืืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืœื™ืฆืฒ ืื•ืŸ ืขืก.'ืขืก (12.12.1939) -- ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืžืขืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ื’ืขื›ืึทืคึผื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืึทืกืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืคื™ื–ื™ืฉืขืจ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜, ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข ืขืจื˜ืขืจ, ืฐื•ึผ ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ืึธืจ 


117 


ื‘ืึทื“ืึทืจืคื˜ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ื ืึธืจ ื“ืขืจ ืขื™ืงืจ ืื•ื™ืกืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืขืœืข ืคื™ื–ื™ืฉืข ืื•ืŸ ื’ืฒึทืกื˜ื™ืงืข ืขื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื–ืขื ืขืŸ 
ื–ืึธืจื’ืคื•ืœ ืืฒึทื ื’ืขืึธืจื“ื ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืคืึทืจ ื–ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉืข ืื•ื™ืคื–ืขืขืจ. ืื•ื™ืš ื ืึธืš ื“ืขื ื•ื™ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื’ืจืึทื˜ ืื™ืŸ 
ืฐืึทืจืฉืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจืึทื ื˜ืฐืึธืจื˜ืœืขื›ืงืฒื˜ ืฆื•ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ื™ื˜ืขื’ืœืขืš ืึท ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜ืข ืฆืึธืœ 
ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืขืจ ื›ึผื“ื™ ืึทื–ืฑ ืึทืจื•ื ืžืึทื›ืŸ ืึท ืกื•ืฃ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื’ืึทืกืŸ-ื›ืึทืคึผืขืจืฒึท ืื•ื™ืฃ ืฆืฐืึทื ื’ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ (ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื”ืขืœืคื˜ 
ืึธืงื˜ืึธื‘ืขืจ 1939 -- ื–ืข: ืฆ'ืจื ื™ืืงื•ื‘, ื–ื–' 16-- 17) ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ื›ืึทืคึผืขืจืฒึท ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึธืคึผื ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ. (ืคืึทืจื’ืœืฒึทืš: 
ื›ืชื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื, ืชืฉื›"ื˜, ื–' 367; ื’ื•ื˜ืžืŸ, ืชืฉืœ"ื–, ื–ื™ 39- 41). 


ืคืึธืœืงืกืžืึธื˜ื™ื•ื• ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ 1940 


ืึทืจืฑืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ ืึท ื™ื™ึดื“ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืึทืก-- 
ืึธ. ื–ืึธื’ื˜, ื’ื•ื˜ืข ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ, 

ืคืึทืจ ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืขืžื“ืขืœืขืš ื ืึทืก 
ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ ืฆื• ืึธืงืขื ื˜ืฉืข? 


ืึทืจืฑืก ืื™ื– ืึท ื™ื™ื“ ืื•ืŸ ืึท ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘, 
ืึทืจืฑืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืึทืกืŸ -- 

ืคืึทืจ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื’ ื”ื™ื™ืก ืคืึทืจื’ืึธืกืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื˜, 
ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื’ ืฆื• ื“ื™ื ืึทืกื™? 


ืึท ื™ื™ึดื“ ืื™ื– ืึทืจืฑืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืจื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฆืขืœื˜ 
ืื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืžืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ. 

ืก'ืื™ื– ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ, ืึท ืฉื ื™ื™ ืื•ืŸ ืึท ืงืขืœื˜, 
ืื•ืŸ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื–ื•ืžืขืจ. 


ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื˜ื•ื ืงืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืึทืœืฅ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื–ืึทืœืฆืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื‘ืจื•ื™ื˜, 
ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืจืขืจืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ื™ืกืŸ -- 

ืฆื™ ืœืขื‘ื˜ ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึทื˜ืข? ืฆื™ ืื™ื– ืขืจ ื’ืึธืจ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜? 
ืฐืขืจ ืงืขืŸ ืขืก ื’ืึธืจ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ? 


ืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ืš ื’ืขื›ืึทืคึผื˜ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜, ืคืึทืจืฉืœืขืคึผื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืกื™ื™ื, 
ืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ืš ื’ืขืžืžื™ืชื˜-- 
ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœ ื ืึธืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ื ืขื ื“ืขืจืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ื, 
ืžืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืฐืึธืก ื“ืขืจ ืกื™ื™ื ืื™ื–... 
| 118 


ืฉืงืฆื™ืžืœืขืš ื•ื•ื™ืœื“ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ... ืž'ืฉืœืึธื’ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืžืขืŸ ืจื•ื™ื‘ื˜ -- 
ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื“ืฒื™ื˜ืฉืŸ ื‘ืึทืฉื™ืจ'ืžืขืŸ ... 

ืึท ืคืึธื˜ืึธ ื›ืึทืคึผื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืขืก, ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ื“ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื•ื™ื‘-- 
ืก'ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื "ืฉื˜ื™ืจืžืขืจ". 


ื˜ืึธื’ื™ื˜ืขื’ืœืขืš ืึทืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืง -- ืึท ืฆืฒึทื˜ื•ื ื’, ืฐืึธืก ื“ืึธืจืฉื˜ 
ื ืึธืš ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ื‘ืœื•ื˜ืŸ: 

ื“ืขืจ ื™ื•ื“ืข! ื“ืขืจ ื™ื•ื“ืข! ื“ืขืจื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ, ื“ืขืจืคืึธืจืฉื˜ - 

ื“ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืŸ! ื“ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืŸ! 


ืึธ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜! ืึท ืฉืึธื˜ืŸ ืฉืœืฒึทืš ืฉื˜ื•ื ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜, 
ื“ืึธืก ืคึผื ื™ื ืึท ืžืึทืกืงืข -- 

ืึท ื”ืึทืจืฅ ืฆื™ ืึท ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ? ืื•ืŸ ืคืจืขื’ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ื™ ื’ืึธื˜, 

ืืฑื™ืคืŸ ื”ืึทื ื˜ ื“ื™ ืึธืคึผืึทืกืงืข. 


119 













ื“ืคืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ "ื“ โ€ 6 

ื–ืฒืŸ ืคื•ึนืŸ ืคืจ' ืจื“ืกื” 
ื”ื“ืœื ืื™ืŸ ืกืœืœืคืกืกืื”ื” 
ืฐืื ื˜ื•ื ื’.ืฆ" ืื™ 














| ืฐืœื’ ืคืŸ -ืืจ". 


= = ื 06 6 ื ืื˜ ื ื”ืืจ ืื˜ /| 20 2 6 1 : ื ื 
ืขื‘ ืงืข ื™ื™- ืฉืขื˜ 856 ื : 


ืž"ื 7ืคืจ 


ื ื ื 





2 6 ืื™ 66 ืฉืฉ ืื” ื 20 256 25( 


ื“ื™ ื ืึธื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื“ "ืคืึธืœืงืกืžืึธื˜ื™ื•ื• ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ 1940" 
























































ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ: ืจื•ืจ (ื•ื•ืึทืจืฉืข), ืชืžื•ื• ืช"ืฉ, ื’ื•ืžื™ 3 




















ืึทืจื™ื™ื ืคื™ืจ 3 


ืึท ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื ื ื—ืžืŸ ื‘ื™ืึทืœื™ืงืก ืœื™ื“. ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ืฆื•ื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ื‘ืจืืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื 
ืชืžื•ื–-ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ ืจ ื•ืจ, ืช"ืฉ, ื ื•ืž' 3, ื–ื–ื™ 271 ืœื›ึผื‘ื•ื“ ื›'-ื›"ื ื‘ืชืžื•ื– ื“ื™ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื•ื ื’-ื“ืึทื˜ืข ืœื–ื›ืจ ื”ืขืจืฆืœืก ืื•ืŸ 
ื‘ื™ืึทืœื™ืงืก ื˜ื•ื™ื˜. ืื™ืŸ ืงืœืึทืžืขืจืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ: "ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆื˜ ืฆื•ื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ืื™ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ", ืขืก ืื™ื– 
ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืึท ื˜ืขื•ืช. ื ืึธืš ืื™ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ 1935 ื”ืึธื˜ ื™. ื™. ืฉืฐืึทืจืฅ ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ืื•ื™ืกื’ืึทื‘ืข: ื—ื™ื™ื ื ื—ืžืŸ ื‘ื™ืึทืœื™ืง, ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืึธืขืžืขืŸ. ืžืขืงืกื™ืงืข (1935) ื–' 144. ืื™ืŸ ืฉืฐืึทืจืฆืก 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’ ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“: "ื”ื™ืžืœืขืŸ... . ืึท ืคืึทืจื’ืœืฒึทื™ืš ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจืฐืฒึทื–ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื•ื•ื™ืคืœ 
ืขืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืžืฉืคึผื™ืข ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจืฉืฒื™ื“ืขื ืข ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ืขืก ืฐืึธืก ื“ืขืจ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉืขืจ ืžืงื•ืจ ื“ืขืจืคื™ืœื˜ ื‘ืฒึท ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆืขืจ, 
ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’. ืึท ื’ืขื ื•ื™ืขืจ ืคืึทืจื’ืœืฒึทืš ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืื™ื– ืึทืŸ ืขื ื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจ ื–ื™ืš, ืžื—ื•ืฅ ื“ื™ ืจืึทืžืขืŸ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืงื•ืจืฆืŸ ืึทืจืฒึทื ืคื™ืจ, ืžื™ืจ ืฐืขืœืŸ ื“ืึธ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ -- ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืกืžืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืคื™ื ืฃ ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืึท ืคึผืึธืจ 
ื‘ืฒื™ืฉืคึผื™ืœืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืœื•ืกื˜ืจื™ืจืŸ ื“ืขื ื“ื™ืคืขืจืขื ืฆื™ืจื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจืงื•ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืึทืœื™ืงืก ืœื™ื“ ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข 
ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืข ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืจื™ืฉืข ืงืึธื ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ืŸ: 


ื—. ื . ื‘ื™ืึทืœื™ืง 

ืฉืžื™ื, ื‘ืงืฉื• ืจื—ืžื™ื ืขืœื™! 

ืื:ื™ืฉ ื‘ื›ื ืึถืœ ื•ืœืืœ ื‘ื›ื ื ืชื™ื‘-- 

ื•ืื ื™ ืœื ืžืฆืืชื™ื•- 

ื”ืชืคืœืœื• ืืชื ืขืœื™! 

ืื ื™ - ืœื‘ื™ ืžึถืช ื•ืื™ืŸ ืขื•ื“ ืชืคื™ืœื” ื‘ึฐืฉืคืชื™, 


=-ื– โ€ ื ื ื˜ืก 32 /ืช) 


ื™. ื™. ืฉืฐืึทืจืฅ 

ื”ื™ืžืœืขืŸ, ืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืืฒึทืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคืึทืจ ืžื™ืจ! 

ืื•ื™ื‘ ื’ืึธื˜ ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจืึทื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืืฒึทืขืจืข ื˜ื™ืคืŸ -- 

ื ืึธืจ ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืื•ืžื–ื™ืกื˜ ืื™ื ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ-- 

ื˜ื•ื˜ ืื™ืจ, ื”ื™ืžืœืขืŸ, ืชึผืคื™ืœื” ืคืึทืจ ืžื™ืจ! 

ืžืฒึทืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฅ ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื˜ื•ื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ื•ืžื˜ ืื™ื– ืžืฒึทืŸ ืชึผืคื™ืœื”, 


+ืฅ ื ื ืขืก 42 ืชื’ 


ื™. ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ 

ืื™ืจ ื”ื™ืžืœืขืŸ, ื‘ืขื˜ ืื™ืจ ืคืึทืจ ืžื™ืจ, ืื™ืจ! 

ืื™ื– ืึท ื’ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืืฒึทืš ื“ืึธ, ืื™ื– ืึท ื•ื•ืขื’ ืื•ื™ืš ืึทื”ื™ืŸ ื“ืึธ? 

ื›'ืงืขืŸ ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืขื’ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ -- 

ื˜ื•ื˜ ืื™ืจ ืคืึทืจ ืžื™ืจ ืชึผืคื™ืœื”, ืื™ืจ, ืื™ืจ! 

ืื™ืš -- ื˜ื•ื˜ ืื™ื– ืžืฒึทืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฅ ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ืจ, ืžืฒึทื ืข ืœืขืคืฆืŸ ืคืึทืจืฐื™ืึทื ืขื˜. 


== ื ื ื™ื™ 22 


122 


ืœื•ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธืจ ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืื™ื– ืงืœืึธืจ ืึทื– ื“ืขืจ ืึธืคึผืงืœืึทื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืึทืœื™ืงืก ืœื™ื“ ื‘ืฒึท ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆืขืจ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืึท ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจืข ืจืขื–ืึธื ืึทื ืฅ-ื‘ืึทื–ืข: ื‘ืฒึท ื™. ื™. ืฉืฐืึทืจืฆืŸ ืฉืคึผื™ื’ืœืขืŸ ืึธืคึผ ื“ื™ ืึธืคึผืฐืฒึทื›ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืกื˜ืจื™ืงื˜ืขืจ 
ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจืœืขื›ืขืจ ืขืงืฐื™ื•ื•ืึทืœืขื ื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’, ืึท ืคืจื™ื™ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืึทื ื’ ืฆื•ื ืขืฆื ืื™ื‘ืขืจืคื™ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื”ืึทืœื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ 
ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ. ื‘ืฒึท ืื™ื ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืจื™ื˜ืžื™ืฉืข ืคืึธื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทื“ืขืจืคืขื ื™ืฉืŸ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืจืึทืžืขื ื‘ืฑ (ื–ืข ืœืžืฉืœ, ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ, ื“ื™ ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ื ื•ืž' 372). ื‘ืฒึท ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืขืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธืคึผืฐืฒึทื›ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืกื˜ืจื™ืงื˜ืขืจ ืขืงืฐื™ืฐื•ืึทืœืขื ื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’, ืึทืŸ ืขืžืึธืฆื™ืึธื ืขืœืŸ ื›ืึทืจืึทืงื˜ืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ ืงืฐืึทืœืŸ ืึทืจืฑืก ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื˜ื™ืคืขืจืŸ 
ืึธืคึผืงืœืึทื ื’, ืึทืจืฑืกื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืึทืœื™ืงืก ืึธืจื™ื’ื™ื ืขืœืŸ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ืžืงื•ื. ื‘ืฒึท ืื™ื ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ 
ืึทื ื™ืžื™ืฉืข ืคืึธื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืŸ ืžืฆื‘ ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธืขื˜ื™ืฉืข ืื•ื™ืกื“ืจื•ืง-ื‘ืึทื“ืขืจืคืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™. 
ืง. ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืคืึธืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคึผืึธืขื˜ื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜-ืžืœื—ืžื”, ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืช ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืชึผืงื•ืคื” ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ืฉืึทืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข ื‘ืขืช ื“ืขืจ ืžืœื—ืžื” (ื–ืข ืœืžืฉืœ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ื‘ืึทื˜ืึธื ื˜ืข ื•ื•ืขื ื“ื•ื ื’ ืฆื• ื“ื™ 
ื”ื™ืžืœืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ืข ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ื ื•ืž' 1, 4). ื“ื™ ืขืงื–ื™ืกื˜ืขื ืฆื™ืขืœืข ืึทืงื˜ื•ืขืœืงืฒื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื‘ื™ืึทืœื™ืงืก ืœื™ื“ ืฉืคึผื™ื’ืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืคึผ ื›ึผืžืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคื™ื ืฃ ืฆื™ื˜ื™ืจื˜ืข ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืคื•ืŸ ื™-ืง'ืก ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’: 
ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื•ืจื” ื ื•ืž' 2 -- ืคืึทืจื•ื•ืึทื ื“ืœื˜ ื™. ืง. ื—. ื . ื‘ื™ืึทืœื™ืงืก ืชึผื ืื™-ื–ืึทืฅ "ืื•ื™ื‘ ืก'ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจืึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืืฒึทื™ืš ืึท ื’ืึธื˜", 
ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึทื’ืข: "ืื™ื– ืึท ื’ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืืฒึทื™ืš ื“ืึธ, ืื™ื– ืึท ื•ื•ืขื’ ืื•ื™ืš ืึทื”ื™ืŸ ื“ืึธ?"; ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื•ืจื” ื ื•ืž' 3-- 
ืคืึทืจื‘ืฒึทื˜ ื™. ืง. ื—. ื . ื‘ื™ืึทืœื™ืงืก ื‘ืึทื ื•ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจื‘ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึทืจื’ืึทื ื’ืขื ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜: "ื•ืื ื™ ืœื ืžืฆืืชื™ื•", ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื 
ื•ื•ืขืจื‘ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ืฆื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜: "ื›'ืงืขืŸ ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืขื’ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ". ืื•ื™ืš ื“ื™ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืคึผืจืขื˜ืึทืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื”ืึทืœื˜ ืื™ื– 
ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทืœืขืจื ื“ื™ืง, ืฐื™ ืœืžืฉืœ ื‘ืฒึทื ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ืฒื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืจื™ื˜ืข ืฉื•ืจื”: "ื•ืื ื™ ืœื ืžืฆืืชื™ื•", ืฐืึธืก ื‘ืึทืฆื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ืœืฑื˜ ื™. ื™. ืฉืฐืึทืจืฅ ืฆื• ื’ืึธื˜ืก ืงื™ื•ื, ืื•ืŸ ืœืฑื˜ ื™. ืง. - ืฆื• ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืขื’ ืฆื• ืื™ื (ื–ืข ืฉื•ืจื” ื ื•ืž' 2 ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื“). 

ืขืก ืื™ื– ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืคืึทืœ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืžืŸ-ื”ืกืชึผื, ืฐืึธืก ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื–ื•ืžืขืจ 1940 ื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ื™. ืง. ืึท ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ "ืขืœ 
ื”ืฉื—ื™ื˜ื”". ืกื•ืฃ ืžืฒึท ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืึธื“ื–ืฉืขืจ ืคึผืœื™ื˜ื™ื-ืงืจื™ื™ื–ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข ืึธื ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืžืึธืจื“ ืคื•ืŸ 
ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืœืึธื“ื–ืฉืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึทืจืฑืกื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ื‘ืึทืœื“ ื“ื™ ืึทืกืึธืฆื™ืึทืฆื™ืข ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ื™ืึทืœื™ืงืก ืœื™ื“. ื“ืึทืŸ ืื™ื– 
ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ืึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืกืขืจ, ืึทืคึผื™ืœื• ื“ื•ืจืš ืงืขื ืขืจืก ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืึทืœื™ืงืก ืคึผืึธืขื–ื™ืข 
ื“ืขืจืžืขื’ืœืขื›ื ื“ื™ืง ืึทื–ืฑ ืึทืจื•ื ืึทืŸ ืึทื ื˜ืฉืคึผืึทื ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขืคื™ืœืŸ, ืคึผืึทืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืก'ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฆื• ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ ืึท 
ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืœืขื›ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื“ืจื•ืง ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึธืงื•ืคึผื™ืจื˜ืขืจ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข (ืคืึทืจื’ืœืฒึทืš: ืœื•ื™ืŸ, ื,, ื–ื™ 51; ื–ืข ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ื™-ืง'ืก ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ 
ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื—. ื . ื‘ื™ืึทืœื™ืงืก ืคึผืึธืขื–ื™ืข ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืข ืฆืฒึทื˜ืŸ, ื ื•ืž' 4). 

ื™. ืง'ืก ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’ ื“ืจื•ืงืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื“ืึธ ืฆื•ื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ื ืึธืš ื“ืขืจ ืžืœื—ืžื”. ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืฉืจื™ืคื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆืขืจ ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ืŸ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืื™ืŸ "ื“ืจื•ืจ" ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคืึทืจืึทืŸ; ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ืžืขื ื˜ืึทืœืก ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืื™ื– ื–ื™ ืคืึทืจืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ 
ื•ื™ ื ื•ืž' 5, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืคื•ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื, ืชืฉื›"ื˜.-- ื ื•ืž' 2, ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืกืžืš ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืฆื•ืงืขืจืžืึทื ืก 
ืื™ื ืคืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข (ื–ืข ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ื˜ืขื ื˜ืึทื˜ื™ื•ื•ืข ื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ืึธื’ืจืึทืคื™ืฉืข ืจืฉื™ืžื”, ืื™ืŸ ื™. ืง.-ืึทืจื›ื™ื•ื•, ื ื•ืž' 6/1177). 
ื“ืขืจ ื›ึผืชื‘ื™ื™ื“ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคืึทืจื”ื™ื˜. ืื™ืŸ ื™. ืง.-ืึทืจื›ื™ื•ื• ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ืœื•ื—ืžื™ ื”ื’ื™ื˜ืื•ืช ื’ืขืคื™ื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจ 
ืึธืคึผื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ืขืจ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืขืจื“ื™ืฉืŸ "ื“ืจื•ืจ", ืจืขื’ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ืจื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื ื•ืž' 811/1610. 


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ืขืœ ื”ืฉื—ื™ื˜ื” 


(ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆื˜ ืฆื•ื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ืื™ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ)* 


ืื™ืจ ื”ื™ืžืœืขืŸ, ื‘ืขื˜ ืื™ืจ ืคืึทืจ ืžื™ืจ, ืื™ืจ! 

ืื™ื– ืึท ื’ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืืฒึทื™ืš ื“ืึธ, ืื™ื– ืึท ื•ื•ืขื’ ืื•ื™ืš ืึทื”ื™ืŸ ื“ืึธ? 

ื›'ืงืขืŸ ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืขื’ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ -- 

ื˜ื•ื˜ ืื™ืจ ืคืึทืจ ืžื™ืจ ืชึผืคื™ืœื”, ืื™ืจ, ืื™ืจ! 

ืื™ืš -- ื˜ืฑื˜ ืื™ื– ืžืฒึทืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฅ ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ืจ, ืžืฒึทื ืข ืœืขืคืฆืŸ ืคืึทืจืฐื™ืึทื ืขื˜. 
ื ื™ื˜ืึธ ืžืขืจ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื›ึผื•ื—, ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืึธืค'ื ื•ื ื’ ื ื™ื˜ืึธ ืžืขืจ -- 

ื‘ื™ื– ืฐืึทื ืขืŸ, ืึธ ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืžื™ืจ, ื‘ื™ื– ืฐืึทื ืขืŸ? 


ื”ืขื™, ื”ืขื ืงืขืจ! ืžืฒึทืŸ ื”ืึทืœื“ื– ื“ืึธ - ื›ืึทืคึผ ืึธืŸ 

ื•ื™ ืึท ื”ื•ื ื˜ ืคืึทืจืŸ ืงืึทืจืง ืžื™ืš, ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื”ืึทื ื˜ ื”ื•ื™ื‘ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืžืขืจื“ืขืจ, 

ืึท ืฉืึทืคืึธื˜ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืขืจื“ ืžื™ืจ - 

ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืœืขื ืกื˜ืข -- ื“ื™ ืงืœืขื ืกื˜ืข ืื™ืŸ ืฆืึธืœ! 

ืžืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ ืคืจืฒึทื™, ืฉืคึผืึทืœื˜ ืฉืฒึทื˜ืœืขืŸ, ื–ืึธืœ ืฉืคึผืจื™ืฆืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึธืœ 
ื‘ืœื•ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื”ืขืžื“ ื“ื™ืจ -- 

ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืึธืคึผื ืขืžืขืงื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึธืœ. 


ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ื“ืึธ -- ื’ืœืฒึทืš ื“ืขืจืฉืœื™ืŸ! 

ืฐืขื˜ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื–ื™ ืฐืขืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ื“ืึธ ืคืึทืจืงื™ื ื“ืŸ 
ื ืึธืš ืžืฒึทืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉืฐื™ื ื“ืŸ -- 

ืคืึทืจืฉืึธืœื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืฅ ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ ื–ืฒึทืŸ! 

ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ืจืฉืขื•ืช ืคื•ื™ืœื˜ ื”ื™ืžืœืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜-ื’ื•ื˜ืข, 
ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ืจ, ืจื•ืฆื—ื™ื, ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ืœืขื‘ื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืจื•ื™ื‘, 
ืฐืึทืฉื˜ ืจื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืืฒึทื™ืขืจืข ื‘ืœื•ื˜ืŸ. 

ืื•ืŸ ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืฐืขืจ: "ื–ืฒึท ื–ื™ืš ื ื•ืงื"! ืคืึทืจืฉื™ืœื˜! 

ื“ื™ ื ืงืžื” ืคืึทืจ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขื”ืจื’ืขื˜ืข ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ 

ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืฒึทื•ื•ืœ ืึทืœืฒืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจืคื™ื ื“ืŸ -- 

ื“ืึธืก ื‘ืœื•ื˜ ื‘ืจื•ื™ื–ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืจื•ื ื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืœื“! 

ื–ืึธืœ ืขืก ืขื’ื‘ืขืจืŸ ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืจื•ื ื˜ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืœืข 
ืืฒึทื ืขืกืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจื ื™ืฉ ื˜ื™ืฃ, 

ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ืคื•ื ื“ืึทืžืขื ื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืœืข. 


* ื–ืข ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืงื•ืจืฆืŸ ืึทืจืฒึทื ืคื™ืจ. 


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ืึทืจื™ื™ื ืคื™ืจ 4 


ื“ืขืจ ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืจื•ืจ, ืชืžื•ื– ืช"ืฉ ื ื•ืž' 3, ื–ื–' 2-- 6. ื“ืขืจ ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“ ืึทืœื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึธืคึผื’ืขื”ื™ื˜. 

ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืžืงื•ืจ ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ื“ืขืจ ืžืœื—ืžื” ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืฆื•ื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืึทืžืœื‘ื•ืš ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ, ืชึผืœ- 
ืื‘ื™ื‘ 1974, ื–ื–' 485 -- 491. ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืžืŸ ื”ืกืชึผื ืึธื ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืึทืจื•ื 27-ื˜ืŸ ื™ื•ืœื™ 1940 -- ื›"ื ื‘ืชืžื•ื–, ืฆื• 
ื“ืขื ื–ืขืงืกื˜ืŸ ื™ืึธืจืฆืฒึทื˜ ื ืึธืš ื‘ื™ืึทืœื™ืงืก ื˜ืฑื˜. ื“ืขืจ ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœ ืื™ื– ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ: ื. ืœ. ืฉื˜ืึทื˜ืขืจ, ื™ืฆื—ืง 
ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ืึท ืงืึธื ืกืคึผื™ืจืึทื˜ื™ื•ื•ืขืจ ืคึผืกืขืฐื“ืึธื ื™ื. ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ ื“ืขื ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืจื•ื ื˜-ื›ืึทืจืึทืงื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜- 
ืœืขื’ืึทืœืขืจ ืคึผืจืขืกืข ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ, ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืืฒึทื™ื ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึธื ืฆื•ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื—ื‘ืจื™ื. 
ืึธื“ืขืจ ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืฆื•ืฉืจืฒื™ื‘ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ืข ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœืขืŸ (ืึทื–ืฑ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื”ืึทื ื“ืœื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ื•ื ื“), ืึธื“ืขืจ 
ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืฉืจืฒื™ื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืŸ ืืฑืกื’ืขื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืŸ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ. ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึท ืกืš ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืขืจื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืคึผืจืขืกืข ืคื•ืŸ "ื“ืจื•ืจ" ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข ืืฑืกื’ืขื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืข ื ืขืžืขืŸ; ื. 
ืœ. ืฉื˜ืึทื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืึท ืคืึทืจืงื™ืจืฆื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ: "ืึท ืœื™ืฆืžืึทื ืฉื˜ืึทื˜ืขืจ", ืก'ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืึท ืชึผื•ืฉื‘ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ืœื™ืฆืžืึทื ืฉื˜ืึทื˜, ื“ืขืจ ืึธืคื™ืฆื™ืขืœืขืจ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉืขืจ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืคืึทืจ ืœืึธื“ื–ืฉ, ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ื•ืฐืฑื ืฉื˜ืึธื˜. ื“ืขืจ 
ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ืขืจ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืื™ืŸ "ื“ืจื•ืจ", ื’ืขืคื™ื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื™. ืง. -ืึทืจื›ื™ื•ื• ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ืœื•ื—ืžื™ ื”ื’ื™ื˜ืื•ืช, ืจืขื’ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ืจื˜ ืžื™ื˜ื– 
ื ื•ืž' 1611 /1.11. 

ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœ, ืฐืึธืก ื™. ืง. ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ื ืึทืฆื™ืฉืขืจ ื”ืขืจืฉืึทืคื˜, ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื•ื 
ืื•ื™ืกื“ืจื•ืง ืกืฒึท ืึท ื‘ืึทื’ืจื™ื ื“ืขื˜ืขืจ ืึธืคึผืฉืึทืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื—. ื . ื‘ื™ืึทืœื™ืงืก ืคึผืึธืขื–ื™ืข ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืคื™ืœื–ืึธื’ืขื•ื•ื“ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆืฒึทื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ื˜ืœืขืจื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืึธืงื•ืคึผืึทืฆื™ืข, ืื•ืŸ ืกืฒึทื™ -- ื“ืึธืก ืฆื•ื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืžืึธืœ-- ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ื”ืฉื‚ื’ื•ืช ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทื ืขื ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ 
ื–ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทื˜ืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ื•ืจืœ ืฐืึธืก ื“ืขืจืฐืึทืจื˜ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื˜ืœืขืจืก ื”ืขื ื˜. . 

ืื™ืŸ ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ื“ืึทืžืึธืœืกื˜ื“ื™ืงืŸ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืื™ื– ืฆื• ื“ืขืจื–ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืงืขื’ื ื–ืึทืฆืœืขื›ืข ืจื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ -- ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื˜, 
ืึท ืฉืึทืจืคืข ืื™ื‘ืขืจืฆืœื™ื’ื•ื ื’ ืึทื– ื“ืขืจ ื˜ื•ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืื™ื– ื•ื•ื™ืจืงืœืขื›ืข ืคืึทืจื ื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื›ึผืœืœ, ืคืจื™ืขืจ ืฆื™ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜, ืึท ืคืขื˜ื˜ืข ื”ืึธืคึผืขื ื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืึท ืฉื˜ืึทืจืงืŸ ื’ืœื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืึทื– ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ื•ื™ ืึท ื›ึผืœืœ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื“ืขืจืœืขื‘ืŸ ื‘ืขืกืขืจืข 
ืฆืฒึทื˜ืŸ. 


ื. ืœ. ืฉื˜ืึทื˜ืขืจ 
ืฆื• ื‘ื™ืึทืœื™ืงืก ื”ืฒึทื™ืขืจื™ืงืŸ ื™ืึธืจืฆืฒึทื˜ 


ื”ืฒื™ื ื˜, ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื”ืฒื™ื ื˜, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื™ืึธืจ ื“ื•ื•ืงื, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจืกื˜ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข- 
ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜ ื™ืขืจื™ืงืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ ืช"ืฉ, ื“ืึธืก ื’ืจื•ื™ื–ืึทืžืกื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ ืžื•ืจืื“ื™ืงืกื˜ืข ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืžืึทืจื˜ื™ืจืขืจ 
ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ื“ืึธ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“, ื“ืึทืจืคืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืคึผืฒึทืขืจืŸ ื“ืขื ื™ืึธืจืฆืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืึท ืœื™ืงืŸ 

ื‘ื™ืึทืœื™ืงืก ื™ืึธืจืฆืฒึทื˜ ื–ืึธืœ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ื“ืขืจืฉืœืึธื’ื ืงืฒื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ืžื‘ืึทื”ืึธืœืคึผื ืงืฒื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืึท 
ื˜ืจื™ื™ืกื˜! 

ื™ืึธ, ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื™ืึธืจืฆืฒึทื˜-ื˜ืึธื’, ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืฆื™ื ื“ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ื”ื™ื™ืžืขืŸ ืœื™ื›ื˜ ืึธืŸ ืœื–ื›ืจ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข 

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ื ืึธืขื ื˜ืข ืึทืฐืขืงื’ืขื’ืึทื ื’ืขื ืข, ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ื–ื™ืฆืŸ ืึท ืฉืขื” ืื™ืŸ ืึทื–ืึท ื˜ืจืฑืขืจื˜ืึธื’, ืคืึทืจื–ื•ื ืงืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืœืŸ ืื•ืžืขื˜, 
ืžืขืŸ ืงื•ืžื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฉื˜ื•ื ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืขืจืคื•ืจื›ื˜, ืื™ืŸ ืึทื–ืึท ื˜ืึธื’ ืึธืคื˜ ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ, ืžืขืŸ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ืขื‘ืขื ื˜ืฉื˜ืข 
ื˜ืขื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืึทืฐืขืงื’ืขื’ืึทื ื’ืขื ืขื ืœืขื‘ืŸ, ืื•ื™ื‘ ื–ื™ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื˜ืขื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืขืฉื‚ื™ื-ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื, ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืœื™ื‘ืข ืฆื• 
ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ... "ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืœืขื‘ื˜ ืคืึทืจ ื–ื™ืš ืึทืœืฒืŸ, ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืœืขื‘ื˜ ืคืึทืจ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข. ืชื ืฆื‘"ื”!" 
ื–ืึธืœืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื“ื™ ื‘ื›ึผื‘ื•ื“ื™ืงืข ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืคืจื™ึดืขืจ, ื“ืขื 11940ื˜ืŸ| ื™ืึธืจ ืžื•ื—ืœ ื–ืฒึทืŸ, ืžื™ืจ ืฐื•ืขืœืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื ื™ื˜ 
"ืคึผืจืึทืฐืขืŸ" ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืึธืจืฆืฒึทื˜-ืคืฒึทืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื–ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขื’ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืึทื“ืฑืขืจืŸ. ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ืข ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืื™ื– 
ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ืคืึทืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืขื“ื™ืงืข. ื–ื™ื™, ื“ื™ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ืข, ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึธืจื‘ืŸ ื•ื™ ืขืก ืฉื˜ืึทืจื‘ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ -- ืจื•ื™ึดืง, 
ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ... ืื™ืŸ ืคื•ืœืŸ ื‘ืึทืฐื•ึผืกื˜ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืึทื– ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืึทืฐืขืงื’ืฒืŸ ืขื ื“ื™ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืขืก ื ื™ื˜ ... ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ, 
ืฆื•ื ื™ื•ื ื’ืŸ ื“ื•ืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืก ื ื™ื˜ ... ื–ื™ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึธืจื‘ืŸ ืจื•ื™ืง ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื’ืขืœืขื’ืขืจ ... ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ, ืžื™ืจ 
ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืึทืœืข ืคืคืึทืจืžื™ืฉืคึผึผื˜ืข, ื™ื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืึทืœื˜ ืคืึทืจืžื™ืฉืคึผื˜, ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืขื ื“ื™ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืขืก ... ื ื™ื˜ืึธ, ื ื™ื˜ 
ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ ืึท ื ื™ื˜-ืจืขื’ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ืจื˜ืขืจ, ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ {-- } ืึธืŸ ืึทืŸ ืึธืคึผืึทืกืงืข, ื™ืขื“ืขืจืขืจ ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืื•ื™ื’, ืฆื™ 
ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืก, ืฆื™ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืก ืคืึทืจืฐืึทื ื“ืœื˜ืข ืื™ืŸ ืงืึธื ืฆืขื ื˜ืจืึทืฆื™ืข-ืœืึทื’ืขืจืŸ, ืฆื™ ื“ื™ 
ืึทืจืฑืกื’ืขื˜ืจื™ื‘ืขื ืข ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆืขื ื“ืœื™ืงืขืจ-ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜ืขืจ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื”ืฑืคึผื˜ืฉื˜ืขื˜, ืฉื˜ืขื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื˜ืœืขืš, ืฐื•ึผ ืžืขืŸ 
ืœืขื‘ื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืึท ื™ืึธืจื˜ืฑื–ื ื˜. ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืžื™ืจ ืคึผืจืึทืฐืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื•ืจืื“ื™ืงืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืึทื ื’ 
ื™ืึธืจืฆืฒึทื˜ืŸ ืคืึทืจ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึธืจื‘ืขื ืข ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ. ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึธืจื‘ืขื ืข ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืœื™ืงืœืขืš ืฐืึธืก ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึธืจื‘ืŸ. 
ืฉื˜ืึทืจื‘ืŸ ื•ื™ ืขืก ืฉื˜ืึทืจื‘ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ -- ืึทืš, ืฐืึธืก ืคืึทืจ ืึท ื’ืœื™ืง! ืžื™ืจ ืฉื˜ืึทืจื‘ืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜, ืžื™ืจ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ 
ืื•ื ... ืžื™ืจ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืขืŸ ื™ืขืฆื˜ ืึทืœืข, ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืŸ ืฆื™ื™ื›ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ืžืงื•ืžืขืŸ. 
ื ื™ื˜ ืึทื–ืฑ ื“ื™ "ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜", ื•ื™ ื“ืึธืก ื’ืขืฉืœืขืคึผื˜ ื•ืขืจืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜, ื ื™ื˜ ืึทื–ืฑ ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ืขืจืข ื’ื–ืจื” 
ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืงืึธืคึผ, ื•ื™ ื“ืึธืก ืื•ื™ืกืฉืจื™ื™ืขืŸ ื–ื™, ื“ื™ ื’ื–ืจื”, ื ื™ื˜ ืึทื–ืฑ ื“ืึธืก ืคึฟืขืจื˜ืœ ืงื™ืœืึธ ื‘ืจื•ื™ื˜ ื™ืขื“ืŸ 
ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ ืคืึทืจ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–, ืฐื™ ื“ืึธืก ื‘ืึทืฆืฒื™ื›ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืก! ื ื™ื˜ ืึทื–ืฑ ื“ื™ ืึทืœืข ืคึผืฒึทื ืขืŸ 
ื•ื™ ื“ืึธืก ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืฆื• ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืึทืœืข ืคึผืฒึทื ืขืŸ! ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืึธื ืฆื™ื ื“ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขื’ ืงื™ื™ืŸ 
ืœื™ื›ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ื ืึธืขื ื˜ืข ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ืข, ืžื™ืจ ืฐื•ืขืœืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจืœืึธื–ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ื”ืึทืœื‘ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฆืฑืžื˜ืข 
ื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืจื™ืงืข ื’ืึทืกืŸ ืื•ึนืŸ ืึทืจืฑืกื›ืึทืคึผืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคืจืฒึทื™ืข, ืœื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืข ื‘ื™ืช-ืขื•ืœืžืก, ืฐื•ึผ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ืข ืœื™ื’ืŸ. 
ื‘ื™ืึทืœื™ืงืก ื™ืึธืจืฆืฒึทื˜ ืคึผืฒึทื™ืขืจืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜, ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ ื‘ื™ืึทืœื™ืงืŸ ื’ื•ืคื, ื ืึธืจ ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ืื•ื ื“ื–. ืžื™ืจ ื›ืึทืคึผืŸ ื–ื™ืš 
ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื™ืึธืจืฆืฒื™ื˜ ืึธืŸ ืฐื™ ืื™ืŸ ืžื–ื‘ื—-ื•ื•ื™ื ืงืœืขืŸ, ืžื™ืจ ืจืึทื˜ืขืฐืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ... ืœืึธืžื™ืจ ืคึผืฒึทืขืจืŸ, ืคืฒึทืขืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืžื•ืจืื“ื™ืงืข ื˜ืขื’ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ื“ืขื ื™ืึธืจืฆืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื "ืฆืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืฆืึธืจืŸ" ื‘ื™ืึทืœื™ืง, ื“ืขื ื“ื™ื›ื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ 
ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื˜ื™ืคืŸ ืฆืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ืขืœื ื˜ ... | 
ืขืœื ื˜ ื˜ืึทืงืข ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืฆืึธืจืŸ, ื•ื™ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืกื˜ืขืจ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืึทืœืข ื“ื™ื›ื˜ืขืจ ืจื•ืคื˜ ืึธืŸ ื“ืขื ืฉื˜ืึทืจืงืกื˜ืŸ, 
ืืฒื‘ื™ืงืกื˜ืŸ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืœื™ื“ืขืจื‘ื•ืš, ื“ื™ ืฆืขืจ- ืื•ืŸ ืฆืึธืจืŸ-ืœื™ื“ืขืจ! ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ 
ืฆืขื‘ืจืึธื›ื ืงื™ื™ื˜, ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืงืœืึธื’ืขื“ื™ืงืกื˜ืŸ, ืคืึทืจืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ืคืœื˜ืกื˜ืŸ ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืึทื ื“, ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืฉืจืขืงืœืขื›ืกื˜ืŸ 
ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ-ื™ืึธืจ, ืคึฟื•ื ืขื ืฆืึธืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืึทืœื™ืงืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืจื™ื™ื“ืŸ, ื”ื’ื ื“ืขืจ ืฆืึธืจืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืึธืจ ื’ืขืฐืึธื ื“ืŸ ืฆื• ื–ื™ืš ืึทืœื™ืฒื™ืŸ, ืฆื• 
ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ. ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื›ึผืขืก ื“ื™ ืงื•ืœืึทืงืขืก ืฆื•ื ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืขื ืงืึธืคึผ, ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ืฉืœื™ื™ืคืŸ, ืขืจ ืฉืœืึธื’ื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ืขืœ-ื—ื˜ื: ื—ื˜ืืชื™! ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื›ึผืขืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ื™ืš, ื“ืขืจ ื›ึผืขืก ืฐืึธืก ื‘ืจืขื›ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืื•ื™ืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื•ื ื“ื– 


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ืึทืœื™ื™ืŸ, ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื–ื™ื ื“ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข, ื“ื™ ื’ืŸึทืจื•ื–ื™ืกืข ืงืขื’ืŸ ื–ื™ืš, ื“ื™ ื’ืจืขืกื˜ืข (ื–ื–ื™ื ื“ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข, ืฐืึธืก ืžื™ืจ ื–ื™ื ื“ื™ืงืŸ, 
ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ื–ื™ื ื“ ืงืขื’ืŸ ื–ื™ืš, ื“ื™ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ื’ืจื™ื ื’ืฉืขืฆื•ื ื’, ื“ืึธืก ืึทืฐืขืงืงื•ืงืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืขืจ ื ื•ื™ื˜, ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– 
ื“ืขืจ ืฆืึธืจืŸ-ืื•ื™ืกื‘ืจื•ืš ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืคืึทืจืŸ ืฉืขื ื“ืœืขื›ืŸ ืึทื ื˜ืœืฑืคืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš... 

ืึทื ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื‘ืจืขื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื‘ื™ืึทืœื™ืงืŸื™}ืฉืŸ ืฆืึธืจืŸ-ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื”ืฒึทื™ืึธืจ ืฉื˜ื™ืœ ืึท ืงืจืขื›ืฅ ื˜ืึธืŸ... 
ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืžืขืจ, ื”ืฒึทืึธืจ, ื”ืฒึทื™ืึธืจ ื•ืฐื•ืขืœืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืฆืึธืจืŸ-ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ื‘ื™ืึทืœื™ืงืก ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืึธืคึผืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ, ื”ื’ื ื–ื™ 
ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืึทืจืงืกื˜ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ืžืขื›ื˜ื™ืงืกื˜ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืกื“ืจื•ืง ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืึทืคึผืŸ. ืžื™ืจ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ืขืŸ ื”ืฒึทื™ืึธืจ ื“ืขื 
ืฆืขืจ ืึทืœืฒืŸ, ื“ืขื ืฆืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืึทืœื™ืงืก ืœื™ื“, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืึทื’ื‘ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืขืคึผืึทืกื˜ ืฆื•ื ืฆืขืจ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื”ืฒึทื™ืึธืจ.. | ื‘ื™ 

ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืš ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืฐืึทืจืขืžืขืŸ ื‘ืฒึท ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื”ืขืจืœืขื›ืข ืœื™ื›ื˜ ืœื™ื“ืขืจ, ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจืงื•ื•ื™ืงืŸ ื–ื™ืš 
ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืคืึธืœืงืกื’ืขื–ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ, ื“ืึธืก ืคื•ืœืข ื”ืขืœืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืœื™ื›ื˜ืœื™ื“ ืคืึทืจื‘ืœืขื ื“ื˜, ืคืึทืจืคืœื™ื™ืฆื˜. ื‘ืฉื ืช 
ื”ืช"ืฉ, ืก'ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ 1940 ืคืึทืจื–ืฉืžื•ืจืขื˜ ืึท ื™ื™ื“ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืขืจ ืœื™ื›ื˜, ืžืขืŸ ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืฃ 
ืึทื–ืฑ ืคื™ืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืจืฒึทืกื˜ ื ื”ื ื” ืฆื• ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉืขืช-ื—ืจื•ื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคื•ืœืŸ ื–ื•ื ืœื™ื›ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืึทืœื™ืงืŸื™ื–ืฉืŸ ืœื™ื“... 
ืก'ืื™ื– ืึท ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืึท ืžื•ืจื ืึทืจืฒึทื ืงื•ืงืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืŸ ืœื™ื“, ืžืขืŸ ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื ืึธืš ืคืึทืจื›ืœื™ื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉืคืข 
.. ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš-- ืื•ื™ืคื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื‘ื•ืš ืฆื•ื ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจืŸ ื”ื™ืžืœ. 

ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ื™ืึทืœื™ืงืก ืœื™ื›ื˜ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืคืึธืœืงืกื’ืขื–ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ ื“ืึทืจืคืŸ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ 
ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขืฉื˜ืจืึธื›ืŸ ื•ืขืจืŸ ... ืึท ืงื ืึทืคึผืข ื˜ืจื™ื™ืกื˜! ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืจ ืึทืฐืขืงื–ืขืฆืŸ ืึทื–ืฑ 
ื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืง ืื•ื™ืฃ ื‘ืขื ืงืขืœืขืš, ืขืก ืžื•ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ืœ ืฐืึธืก ืคืึทืจืžืึทื›ื˜ ืื™ื–, ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช-ืžื“ืจืฉ 
ืฐืึธืก ืคืึทืจื‘ืจืขื ื˜ ืื™ื–, ืžื™ืจ ืฐืขืœืŸ ืขืก ื˜ืึธืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื•ืžืขื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืคืึทืจืื•ืžืขืจื˜ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ื, 
ื‘ื™ืึทืœื™ืงืก ืกืคืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืงื ื™, ืื•ืŸ ืึทืจืฒึทื ืงื•ืงืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆืขืจ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฐื•ื™ืกื˜ืŸ ืขืœื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ.. 
ื’ืขื˜ืจื™ื™ืกื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ! 

ืึธ, ืžื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ ื ื™ื˜, ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืจื™ื™ืกื˜ ... ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืึทื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ ืงื•ืžื˜. ื–ื™ืฆื ื“ื™ืง ืึทื–ืฑ 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื‘ื™ืึทืœื™ืงืก ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆืขืจ, ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืึท ื˜ืจื™ื™ืกื˜ ืึทืจืฒึทื™ื ื’ืขื”ืฑื›ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ! ื 
ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืงืข ื”ื™ืœืฆืขืจื ืข ื‘ืขื ืงืœืขืš ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืขืก ืึท ื”ืฒื™ื‘ึฟ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ, ื“ืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืจ ื“ื™ ืขืœื ื˜ืกื˜ืข, 
ื“ื™ ืึทื ืžื™ื™ื ืกื˜ืŸ ื‘ืึทืœืฒื“ื™ืงื˜ืข ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ, ื“ื™ ื“ืขืจื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึทืŸ ืื™ื ืขืจืœืขื›ืข, ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื“ืขืจื–ืขืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ื™ืคืŸ ืฆืขืจ ืืฒึทืขืจืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื‘ืจืขื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืืฒึทืš, ืื™ืŸ ืชึผื”ื•ื ืคื•ืŸ ืืฒึทืขืจ ื–ืขืœ-- ืื•ื™ืฃ ืืฒึทื™ืขืจืข ืงื ื™! 
ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื“ืขืจื–ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืึทืœื™ืงืก ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขื‘ืœืขื˜ืขืจื˜ืŸ ืœื™ื“ืขืจื‘ื•ืš. ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจื–ืขืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื, ืฐืึธืก 
ืœื™ื’ื˜ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ืงืขืŸ ื•ื™ ืึท ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืืฒึทืขืจ ื’ืขืžื™ื˜, ืฐืึธืก ื‘ืจืขื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืจืึธื˜ ืืฒึทืš, ืฐืึธืก ืฉื˜ื™ืงื˜ ืื•ืŸ 
ื“ืจื™ืงื˜ ืืฒึทื™ืš, ืคึผืึทืจืฆืขืจื˜ ืืฒึทืš ื“ืขื ืฆืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื’ื™ืกืŸ, ืคึฟืึทืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ื˜ 
ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื“ืจื•ืง ืื•ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื•ื•ืขื’ ื ื™ื˜- ื“ืขื ืฆืขืจ ืืฒึทืขืจืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ืึทื”ืึทืœื˜ืขื ืขื, ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืจ 
ืื•ืžื’ืขืจื™ื›ื˜ ื“ืขืจื–ืขืŸ -- ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืึธื˜ืขืžื˜, ื‘ืึทืคืจืฒึทื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืขืจ ืžืฉื‚ื, ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืœื™ื™ื–ื˜ 
ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ. ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ื™ืึทืœื™ืง, ื“ืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื˜ ืื™ืจ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึท ื“ืึทื ืง ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืœื™ื“ ืฆื•ื ืื•ื™ืกื“ืจื•ืง, ืึทืจืฑืกื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ 
ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ืคืจืฒึท ืึธืคึผื’ืขืึธื˜ืขืžื˜, ืื™ืจ! ืื™ืจ! ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ื™ืึทืœื™ืงืก ื›ึผื•ื—! 

ื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื– ืžืขืจ ืœืึทืกื˜ ื•ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืขืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ืคึผืœื™ื™ืฆืขืก. ืึท ื˜ื™ืคืขืจ ื’ืขืคื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ืžื™ืจ 


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ื‘ืึทืคึผืจืฒึทืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื– ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ืื™ ืคืึทืจ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืื™ ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขื ื’ืขืคื™ืœ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื’ืขื™ื•ื™ืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ 
ื’ืขืงืึธืจื˜ืฉืขื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืขื ื’ืฉืึทืคื˜. ื–ืฒึทืขื ื“ื™ืง ื‘ืึทื’ืจืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืฉื˜ืึทืจื‘ื˜ ืขืก ืึธืคึผ ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืื™ืŸ 
ืื™ื™ื ืขื, ืจืฒึทืกื˜ ืขืก ื–ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืึทืจืฑืก ืœืขื‘ื˜ ืขืก ืืฒื‘ื™ืง, ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืขืก ืคืึทืจืื™ื™ื‘ื™ืงื˜. 

ื‘ื™ืึทืœื™ืง ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืฆืขืจ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ, ืึทืจืฑืกื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ื ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื ืคืึทืจืื™ื™ื‘ื™ืงื˜. ืึท ื“ืึทื ืง ื‘ื™ืึทืœื™ืงืŸ 
ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ื˜ื™ืคืกื˜ืข ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืคืึทืจืืฒื™ื‘ื™ืงื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืื™ื–, ืึท ื“ืึทื ืง ืื™ื ืœืฒึทื›ื˜ืขืจ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ... 


ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืึทืฐืขืง ื‘ื™ืึทืœื™ืง, ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื–ืขืงืก ื™ืึธืจ ืฐื™ ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืึทืฐืขืง. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ 
ืึทื–ืฑ ... ืื•ื™ืฃ ื’ืึธื˜ืก ื‘ืึทืจืึธื˜, ืฐื™ ืขืก ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจ, ืกืชึนึผื ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจ, ื”ื’ื ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข, 
ืจืฒึทื›ืข-- | 

ืขืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ืึธ ืจื™ึทื™ื›ื˜ื™ืžืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืžืขืŸ ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื”ืขืœืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ืึธืจืขืžืงืฒื˜, ืื™ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ืึธืจืขืžืงืฒื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš, ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจื’ืจื•ื ื˜ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš, ืคื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ ื“ืขื ืืžืชืŸ 
ืื•ื™ืกื“ืจื•ืง ืคืึทืจ ืื•ื™ืกื˜ืขืจืœื™ืฉืข ืœืฒึทื“ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ื–ื™ืš ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืœืฒึทื›ืŸ ื ื™ื˜. 

ื ื™ื˜ ื”ืึธืžืขืจ, ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืฒึทื™ืจืึธืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืข ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึทื–ืขืœื›ืข ื–ืึธืœืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืฒึท ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ -- ืฐืึธืœื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ 
ืื•ื ื“ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ ืชึผื”ื™ืœื™ื-ื–ื™ื ื’ืขืจ. ื“ื™ ื–ื™ื ื’ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืชึผื”ื™ืœื™ื ืขืคืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ืคืึทืจืฉืœืึธืกืขื ืข 
ื”ืขืจืฆืขืจ, ืžืึทื›ืŸ ืœื•ื™ื– ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื’ืขืœื™ื™ืžื˜ืข ืฆื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืึทืจืžืึทื›ื˜ืŸ ืžื•ื™ืœ. ื•ื•ืขืจ? ื•ื•ืขืจ ืจืขื“ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึทืจืึธืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื”ืึทืจืฆืŸ, ืžื™ืจ ืฆื™ ื–ื™ื™? | 

ื“ื™ ืชึผื”ื™ืœื™ื-ื–ื™ื ื’ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื•ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืœื™ืงืข ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืงื™ื ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึทืจืฒึทื ื’ืขืงืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื ืคืฉ ืื•ืŸ 
ืจื•ืคืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜, ื•ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืžืŸ-ื”ืžื™ืฆืจ ืึทืจืฑืก, ืฐื™ ื™ื•ื ื” ื”ื ื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ืื™ื ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื“ ืคื•ื ืขื ืคื™ืฉ. 

ื‘ื™ืึทืœื™ืง-- ื“ืขืจ ื”ืžืฉืš, ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’, ื“ืึธืก ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจื“ื™ืงืข ืจื™ื ื’ืขืœืข ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ "ื’ืึธืœื“ืขื ืขืจ ืงื™ื™ื˜" ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ื™ ืชึผื”ื™ืœื™ื-ื–ื™ื ื’ืขืจ. ื‘ื™ืึทืœื™ืง, ื“ืขืจ ื–ื™ื ื’ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื˜ื™ืคืŸ ืฆืขืจ, ื“ืขืจ ื”ืฒืœื™ืงืขืจ ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืง ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ 
ืื•ื ื“ื– ืึทืจืฑืก ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืึทืจืฒึทื™ืŸ. 

ืึธ, ืžื™ืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฐื•ื™ื ื˜ ืึทืจืฑืกืœืึธื–ืŸ ื˜ืฒึทื‘ืขืœืขืš ืึทื–ืขืœื›ืข, ืึธื ื–ืึธื’ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืฉื•ืขื•ืช ืคืึทืจ ื’ืึธืจ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜, 
ื”ื•ื™ืš ืคึฟืœื™ึดืขื ื“ื™ืงืข, ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืงืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื“ืึทืš (ื“ืขืจ ื ื•ืกื— ื‘ื™ืึทืœื™ืง: ืึธื“ืœืขืจืœืขืš ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ 
ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ืคืขืœื“ื–ื ืฉืคึผืึทืœื˜ืŸ) ืžื™ืจ ืœืึธื–ืŸ ื–ื™ ืึทืจืฑืก, ื–ื™ื™ ืคึผืœื™ึดืขืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืึทืฐืขืง ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื”ื•ื™ืš, ื”ื•ื™ืš ... ื ื™ื™ืŸ, 
ืฐืฒึทื˜, ืคืœื™ืขืŸ ื–ื™ ืึทืฐืขืง, ืฐืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ... ื‘ื™ืึทืœื™ืง ืื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืึทืจืฑืก ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– 
ืึทืจืฒื™ืŸ, ื•ื™ ืึท ื”ืฒื™ืœื™ืงืขืจ ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืง ืฐืึทืจืขืžื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื”ืึทืจืฆืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืึธื˜ืขืžื”ื•ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ 
ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื–ืขืœ... 

ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ืœื™ืงืขืจ ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืง! ืึท ื”ื™ื™ืœื™ืงืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืึท ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืง... ื“ืขืจ ืืžืชืขืจ ืชึผืจืชึผื™ื™ื“ืกืชืจื™! ืึท ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืง - 
ื“ืขืจ ืกื™ืžื‘ืึธืœ ืคื•ื ืขื ืื•ืžื”ื™ื™ืžืœืขื›ืŸ, ืคื•ืŸ ืคืจืขืžื“ืŸ, ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืœื“ ืคืจืขืžื“ืŸ ... ื“ืึธืก ื•ื•ื™ืœื“ ืคืจืขืžื“ืข ืฐืึธืก 
ืงืœืฒึทื‘ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืจืขื“ื˜ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืึทืจืฑืก, ืจืขื“ื˜ ืึทืจืฑืก ื•ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืงื•ืœ ืื•ืŸ 
ืึทื–ืขืœื›ืขืก ืฐืึธืก ืงืœืขืคึผื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜, ืฐืึธืก ืคึผืึทืกื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ... ืึธ, ืžื™ืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ, ืžื™ืจ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืึธืœืง 

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ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฐืฑื ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืงื™ื, ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขื ื™ื–ื•ืงื˜ืข, ืžืขืŸ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ ืฐื™ ืื™ืŸ ืึธืคึผืขื ืข ื˜ื™ืจืŸ, ืžืขืŸ 
ื”ื•ืœื™ืขื˜, ืžืขืŸ ืงืึธืžืึทื ื“ืขืฐืขื˜ ืคืจืึทื ืง ืื•ืŸ ืคืจืฒึทื™ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืึทืจื•ื, ืžื™ืจ ื˜ืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ืึทืจืฑืก, ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ 
ื–ื™ืš ืึทื–ืฑ ื•ื™ ืืฒึทื ื’ืขืœืขื‘ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ... ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืงื™ื ืคืึทืจืœืึธื–ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืื™ื– ืื•ื ื“ื– ืึท ืฉืึธื“, ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ 
ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ืื•ื ื“ื– ืฐื™ื“ืขืจ, ื“ื™ ื ื™ื˜-ื’ื•ื˜ืข-- ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื–ื™ื™: "ื•ื•ื™ืœืงืึธืžืขืŸ!", 

ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืงื™ื! ื‘ื™ื– ื”ืึทืจื˜ ืคืึทืจืŸ ืงืจื™ื’ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืึทืจื•ืžื’ืขื‘ืจืฑืขื˜... ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจ ื–ืขืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืื™ืŸ ืงืจื™ื’ 
ืึทื–ืฑ ืื•ื™ืก, ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืึทื–ืฑ ืžื•ื˜ืœืึธื–, ืึทื–ืฑ ืขืœื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืึทื–ืฑ ืฐื•ื™ืกื˜, ืึทื–ืฑ ืคื™ื–ื™ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ืžืึธืจืึทืœื™ืฉ 
ืฆืขื‘ืจืึธื›ืŸ, ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืึทื–ืฑ ืคืึทืจืžืึทื˜ืขืจื˜, ืึทื˜ืจืึธืคื™ืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข 
ืื•ืžืคืึทืจื’ืœืฒึทื›ืœืขื›ืข ืคึผืฒึทื ืขืŸ. ืžื™ืจ ื”ืขืจืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืฆื• ืคื™ืœืŸ! ื“ืึธืก ืขืจื’ืกื˜ืข: ืขืก ื”ืขืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื•ื•ื™ื™ ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ... 
ื“ืึธืก ื•ื•ื™ืœื“ืคืœื™ื™ืฉ ืฐืึทืงืกื˜, ืฐืึทืงืกื˜ ... 

ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืชึผื”ื™ืœื™ื ืื™ื– ืงื ืึทืคึผ ืคืึทืจ ืื•ื ื“ื–, ืชึผื”ื™ืœื™ื ืึทืœืฒื™ืŸ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื ื•ื’, ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืชึผื”ื™ืœื™ื ืื™ื– ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืฆืขืจ 
ื ื™ื˜ ืืฑืกื’ืขืฉืขืคึผื˜... ื“ื™ ืคืขืœืงืขืจ ืืคืฉืจ, ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืชึผื”ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืึทื ื•ื’ืขื ืขืŸ, ื–ื™ ืืคืฉืจ, 
ืงืขื ืขืŸ, ื ืึธื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืคืฆื™ืงืกื˜ืŸ ืงืึทืคึผื™ื˜ืœ ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืึท ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜, ืึท ื–ืึธื’ ื˜ืึธืŸ: ืขื“ ื›ึผืืŸ: ื’ืขื ื•ื’! ื’ืขื ื•ื’ 
ื’ืขื‘ืขื˜ืŸ, ืขืžืš, ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ืขืžืš ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ, ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข "ื’ืขื‘ืจื•ื™ื›ืขืจ" ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ื“ืึทืจืคืŸ ื“ืขื ื”ืžืฉืš. ื“ืึธืก 
ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื˜ื•ื˜ ื–ื™ ืึธืคึผ ืึทืœืฅ ืคืจื™ืฉืข "ืฉืคึผื™ืฆืœืขืš", ืขืก ืฉืคึผื™ืœื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ ืึธืคึผ ื—ืชื•ื ืงืขืก ื ืฒึทืข, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื“ืขืจ 
ืชึผื”ื™ืœื™ื ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืคึผืึธืจืฑืกื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ... ื‘ืึทื“ืึทืจืฃ ืžืขืŸ ืึท ื”ืžืฉืš, ืึท 
ืฐืฒื™ื˜ืขืจื“ื™ืงืข ืกืขืจื™ืข ืชึผื”ื™ืœื™ื-ืงืึทืคึผื™ื˜ืขืœืขืš, ืึท ืงืึทืคึผื™ื˜ืœ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฆืขืจ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ 1940, ืื•ื™ืฃ 
ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ื“ืขืจ "ื ืขื™ื ื–ืžื™ืจื•ืช" ื•ื•ื™ื ืงื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืึธืŸ, ื’ืขืคื™ื ื˜ ื ื™ื˜, ืฆื•ื ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืŸ ืฆืขืจ, ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืจื™ื™ืกื˜ ... ืคืึทืจ ื’ื•ื™ื™ื 
ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ื•ื“ืก ืชึผืคื™ืœื•ืช ืžืขืจ ื•ื™ ื’ืขื ื•ื’, ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ, ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื–ืึธืจื’ ืฉืขืคึผื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ ืื•ื™ืก, ืžื™ืจ 
ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืึทืœื™ืงืŸ, ืžื™ืจ ื’ื™ื™ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ืœืฒึทื“ืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืฆืขืจ-ื’ืขืŸื–ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ! ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ, ืžื™ืจ 
ืžืึทื›ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ื“ืขื ืžืึทืจื˜ื™ืจืขืจ-ืฐื•ืขื’ - ื™ื—ื™ ื‘ื™ืึทืœื™ืง! ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–, ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš! ื–ืึธืœ ืขืจ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ 
ืื•ื ื“ื– ื‘ื™ืึทืœื™ืง, ื“ืขืจ ืฐืึธืก ื–ื•ื›ื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืคื™ื ื˜ ื“ืขื ืืžืชืŸ, ื“ืขื ืคึผืึทืกื™ืงืกื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื“ืจื•ืง ืคืึทืจ 
ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ืื™ื‘ืขืจืžืขื ื˜ืฉืœืขื›ืข ืฉื ืช-ื”ืช"ืฉ-ืคึผืฒึทื ืขืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืึท ื“ืึทื ืง ื•ื•ืขืžืขืŸ ืขืก ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืœืฒึทื›ื˜ืขืจ, 
ืœืฒึทื›ื˜ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื ืฉืžื”, ืึท ื“ืึทื ืง ื•ื•ืขืžืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืจื™ื™ืกื˜, ืžื™ืจ ื“ืึธืก ืคึผืึธืœืง ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ืขืก 
ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึทืจืฒึทื ื’ืขืงืœื™ื‘ืŸ { } ืขืก ื–ื™ืฆืŸ ืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ื ... ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืงื™ื! ืื•ืžืขื˜ื™ืงืข ื˜ืึทืงืข, ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ืžืขื˜ื™ืงืข 
ืคึผื ื™ืžืขืจ ... ืคึผื ื™ื ืžืขืจ) ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืงื™ื ืœืึธื–ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ, ืœืึธื–ืŸ ื–ื™ืš, ืึทื– ืžืขืŸ ืžืึทื›ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ, ื–ืขืŸ. 
ื“ืขืจ ืฆืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืขืจ ืฐืึธืก ืงื•ืงื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ืึทืจืึธืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผื ื™ื, ื“ืขืจ ืฆืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืจืขืžื“ืข ืฐืึธืก ืฉืจืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– 
ืึทืจืฑืก, ืื™ื– ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืื•ื ื“ื– - ื ื™ื˜ ืขื›ื˜, ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื“ื•ืจืš ืื•ื ื“ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื•ืื™ื‘ืขืจ|ื’ืขืœืขื‘ื˜ืขืจ ืฆืขืจ ... ื•ื•ื™ื™ ืื•ื ื“ื–! ื“ื™ 
ืงืฑืœ ืฐืึธืก ืขืก ื˜ืจืขืคื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–- ืคื™ืœืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื ื™ื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฐืึธืก ืคึฟืึทืœื˜ ื“ืขืจื ืขื‘ืŸ-- ืคึผืœืขืคื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– 
ื›ึผืœื•ืžืจืฉื˜! 

ื›ึผืœื•ืžืจืฉื˜ ... ื›ึผืœื•ืžืจืฉื˜ ... ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื“ืขื ืคืจืขืžื“ื ืก ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืง ื’ืขืคึผืœืขืคื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึทืŸ ืืžืช, ืฐืึธืœื˜ 
ืžืขืŸ ื’ืขืงืขื ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืกื˜ืขืจืœื™ืฉืงื™ื™ื˜ ืžืึทื›ืŸ ืฉืœื•ื ... ืื™ื– ืขืก ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื›ึผืœื•ืžืจืฉื˜! ืฐืฒึทืœ ืึท ืงืฑืœ ืฐืึธืก 
ื˜ืจืขืคื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฆืŸ, ื˜ืึธืžืขืจ ืจื•ืคื˜ ืขืก ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืงื ื™ื˜ ืึธืคึผ+ - ืื™ื– ืขืก ืึท ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ืขืจ ืกื™ืžืŸ, 
ืื™ื– ืขืก ืึท ืกื™ืžืŸ ืึทื– ืžื™ืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื˜ื•ื˜ ... ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืฑื˜ืข ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืึท ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืง ื ื™ื˜ ื”ืขืœืคึฟืŸ! ื•ื™ 


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ืื•ื ื“ื– ... ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ืข, ืฐืึธืก ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื›ึผืœื•ืžืจืฉื˜, ื‘ื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืฑืš ืึทืจืึธืคึผ, ื‘ื™ื™ื’ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืฃ ืจืขื›ื˜ืก ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ื ืงืก, - 
ื›ึผื“ื™ ืืฑืคึฟื”ืฒื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืคืึทืœืขื ืข .. | 

ื•ื•ื™ื™. ืื•ื ื“ื–: ืื™ื ืขืฐืฒื™ื ื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื–ื™ืฆื˜ ืึท ื—ื‘ืจื” ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืงื™ื ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืœื“ืขื•ื•ืขื˜ ืึทืฉืžื“ืึทื™, 
ื•ื•ื™ื™... ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขืคึผืฒึทื ื™ืงื˜ืข, ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขืคึผืจื•ึผืฐื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜-ื’ื•ื˜ืข ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทืœื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ื•ื˜ืข, ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืงื™ื, ืคื•ืŸ 
ืึธื ืฉื™ืงืขื ื™ืฉืŸ -- ื•ืฐื•ื•ื™ืœ ืึธื‘ึผืขืจ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื–ื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ, ืึท ื”ืฒืœื™ืงืขืจ, ืึท ื”ืฒืœื™ืงืขืจ ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืง, 
ื’ืขื”ืฒืœื™ืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืฆืขืจ, ืคืึทืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ืขืจ ื’ืขืคื™ื ื˜ ื“ืขื ืจื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืขืžืคึผืœื˜ 
ื’ืขื ื•ื™ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืฆื™ื™ื›ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืืžืช-- 

ื™ืึธ, ื™ืึธ, ืฐืฒึทืœ ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืœืึธื ื˜ืขืจื ื™ืฉืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืœืขื‘ืŸ, ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™, ืฆื• ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืงื™ื, 
ืฆื•ื’ืขืฐื•ื™ื ื˜, ื‘ืึทืฆืฒื™ื›ืขื ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ื™ื ืขื ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ื“ืขืจืœื™ื™ื–ืขืจ, ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฐื™ื ืฆื™ืงืข ื’ื•ืืœื™ื ืคื•ืŸ 
ื’ืฒึทืกื˜, ืึทืœืก ืึท ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืง -- 

ื“ืขืจ ื”ืฒืœื™ืงืขืจ ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืง ื‘ื™ืึทืœื™ืง ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ! ืึท ื”ืฒืœื™ืงืขืจ ืึทื–ืึท ืื™ืŸ ืงืขื’ื ื–ืึทืฅ ืฆื• ืึท 
ืคืจืขืžื“ืŸ ... ืคืึทืจืงืขืจื˜! ืฆื•ื ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืง ื˜ืจืฒึทื™ื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืึธืคึผื˜ ืžืึธืœ ื“ืึธืก ื•ืฐื•ืึธืก ืขืก ืื™ื– ื”ืฒื™ืœื™ืง! ืึท ื”ื™ืœื™ืงืขืจ 
ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืงื™ื ืื™ื– ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ืฐืึธืก ื˜ืจื™ื™ืกื˜, ืฐืึธืก ื“ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜, ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืœื™ื™ื–ื˜, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– 
ืžืฆื™ืœ. 

ื“ืขืจ ืฆืขืจ ื‘ื™ืึทืœื™ืงืก ืื™ื– ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืขืจ, ื“ืขืจ ื™ืขืฆื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืฆืขืจ. ื“ืขืจ ืฆืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ 1940, ืขืจ 
ื“ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ื“ืขืจืžื•ื ื˜ืขืจื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–... ืึทื ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ืจืขื–ื™ื’ื ื™ืจืŸ, ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืคึผืจืขืกื™ืข 
ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืคืึทืœื ืงืฒื˜ ื“ืขื ื‘ืœื•ื˜ื™ืงืกื˜ืŸ, ื‘ืœื•ื˜ื“ืึธืจืฉื˜ื™ืงืกื˜ืŸ, ืื•ืžืžืขื ื˜ืฉืœืขื›ืกื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืึธืŸืึทื“ืคืึทืจืฐืึธืก- . 
ืฉื•ื ื -- ื“ืขืจืคื™ืœืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ืกื•ื•ื–ืจืคืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืœืขื›ืขืจ ื ืึทื˜ื•ืจ-- ืขืงืœ, ืขืงืœ, ื ื™ื˜ ืžืขืจ ื•ื™ 
ืขืงืœ! 

ื“ืขืจ ืฆืขืจ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก ื‘ื™ืึทืœื™ืง ืฉืคึผื™ื’ืœื˜ ืึธืคึผ, ืื™ื– ืฐื™ ืึท ื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ืžืขืŸ ืฐื•ืขืจื˜ ื ื™ื˜ 
ื“ืขืจื˜ืจื•ื ืงืขืŸ, ืžื™ืจ ืฐืึทืจืคืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืœื™ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืŸ ื™ื, ื“ืขืจืคืจื™ืฉืŸ ื™ืš ื“ืึธืจื˜, ืจืฒื™ื ื™ืงืŸ ื–ื™ืš, 
ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ื›ึผื•ื—ื•ืช ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื•ื™ืขืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืฉืึทืค.- 

ื‘ื™ืึทืœื™ืงืก ืคืึทืจืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ืคืœื•ื ื’ืก-ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื™ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงืจืขืคื˜ื™ืงืกื˜ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืฑืก ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ 
ื‘ืึทืฐื•ึผืกื˜ื–ื™ื ื™ืงืกื˜ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืคืœืขื‘ื•ื ื’ืก-ื‘ืึทืฐืขื’ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื‘ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ื™ื•ื’ื ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื’ืึธืจ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ืื•ืŸ 
ืฆื• ื“ืขื ืื•ื™ืคื‘ื•ื™-ืฐืขืจืง ืื™ืŸ ืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ ื“ื•ืจืš ืคื™ื–ื™ืฉืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืฒื™ืกื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ 
ืœืึทื ื“, ืื•ื™ืฃ ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืœืฒึทื›ื”ืฒื˜, ืคืจื™ื™ื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜. 

ื‘ื™ืึทืœื™ืงืก ืฆืขืจ-ืœื™ื“ ืฐืขื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื“ืขืจื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืœื”ื‘ื, ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ืœืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืฆืขืจ-ื’ืขื–ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ 
ืฐืขืœืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืฒึทืฉื˜ืฒืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืฐื•ืขืจืกื˜ืข ื ืกื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืžื™ืจ ืฐืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขื’ ืื•ืžื‘ืจื—ืžื ื•ืชื“ื™ืง 
ื’ืขืคึผืจื•ึผื•ื•ื˜. 


130 


ืึทืจื™ื™ื ืคื™ืจ 5 


"ื™ื–ื›ึผื•ืจ" โ€ ืงืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ 6 


ืึท ืคึผืึธืขืžืข ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ, ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื”ืคืกืงื” ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื™ืึธืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜. ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ 
ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ, ืœื•ื˜ ื•ื™ ืžืขืŸ ืื™ื– ื–ื™ืš ืžืฉืขืจ, ืืœื•ืœ ืชึผ"ืฉ - ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืขืจื˜ืŸ ืกืขืคึผื˜ืขืžื‘ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืึธืงื˜ืึธื‘ืขืจ 1940 
(ื–ืข: ื›ืชื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื, ืชืฉื›"ื˜, ื–' 364). ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธืขืžืข ื’ืขืœื™ื™ืขื ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ -- 
ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ืชึผืฉ"ื - ื“ืขื ื“ืจื™ื˜ืŸ ืฆื™ ืคืขืจื˜ืŸ ืึธืงื˜ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ืคืึทืจ ื“ื™ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ "ื“ืจื•ืจ-ื”ื—ืœื•ืฅ"-ื‘ืึทืฐืขื’ื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ 
ืคืึทืจ ื’ืจื•ืคึผืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื•ื“ื™ืจื ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ื™ื•ื’ื ื˜ (ื–ืข: ืฆื•ืงืจืžืŸ - ืžื‘ืคื ื™ื, ื™"ื’, ื–ื™ 31; ื–ืข ืืฑืš: ืงื•ืจื ื™ืื ืกืงื™, 
ื–' 640). ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธืขืžืข ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจืœืึธืจืŸ ื’ืขื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืื™ื ื”ืึทืœื˜ ืื™ื– ืื•ื ื“ื– ื›ึผืžืขื˜ ื•ื™ ืื•ืžื‘ืึทืงืึทื ื˜. ืึท ื“ืึทื ืง ื“ืขื 
ืฉื˜ืึทืจืงืŸ ืจื•ืฉื ืฐืึธืก ื“ื™ ืคึฟืึธืจืœืฒืขื ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืขืžืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ, ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ 
ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืข ืึธืคึผืจื•ืคืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ืจ, ืคืึทืจืฉืจื™ื‘ืขื ืข ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’ื‘ื™ื›ืขืจ, ื‘ืฒึท ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืŸ (ื–ืข: ืžืึทืจืง 
(1954), ื–' 64) ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืฒึท ืขืžื ื•ืืœ ืจื™ื ื’ืขืœื‘ืœื•ืžืขืŸ. | 

ืขืžื ื•ืืœ ืจื™ื ื’ืขืœื‘ืœื•ื ืคึฟืึทืจืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื˜ ื“ืขื 14ื˜ืŸ ื“ืขืฆืขืžื‘ืขืจ 1940: "ืึธื ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ืคึผืึธืขืžืข ื™ื™ื–ื›ึผื•ืจ', ื•ื•ื• 
ืขืก ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขื–ืึทืžืœื˜ ื“ื™ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืœืขื‘ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืฑืœืŸ"; ื“ืขื 31ื˜ืŸ ื“ืขืฆืขืžื‘ืขืจ 1940 ืคืึทืจืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื˜ ืจื™ื ื’ืขืœื‘ืœื•ื 
ืื•ื™ืš ืคึผืจื˜ื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื”ืึทืœื˜: "ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ื™ื™ื–ื›ึผื•ืจ' ืžืึทื›ื˜ ืึท ืฉื˜ืึทืจืงืŸ ืืฒึทื ื“ืจื•ืง, ื”ื’ื ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจื™ืฉ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ. 
ื“ืขืจ ื“ื™ื›ื˜ืขืจ ืคึฟืึธื“ืขืจื˜ ื ืงืžื” ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืฆืจื•ืช, |ืื ืงื•ืช} ื•ืื ื—ื•ืช, ืขืจ ืคึผืึทืจืฆืฒื™ืœื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื›ืึทืคึผืขื ื™ืฉ, ื“ืขื 
ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ืฉืจืขืง ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึทืก, ื“ื™ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜-ืœืึทื’ืขืจืŸ (ืคึผื™ืึทื•ื•ืงืขืก, ืฐืึธืก ื–ื•ื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืœืึธื˜ืข ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ื ื“ื™ืงืข, ืื™ืŸ ื–ื•ืžืคึผืŸ), ืคื•ืŸ 
ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืžืขืŸ ืงื•ืžื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง. ื“ื™ ืžืขืฉื‚ื™ื-ืชึผืขืชึผื•ืขื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื”ืœื ื™ืงืขืก, ืฐืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื˜ืฒึทืœ ืžืึธืœ ืขืจื’ืขืจ ืคืึทืจ 
ื™ืขื ืข. ื“ืขืจ ืฆืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืึธืŸ ืฉื•ืœืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื•ื ื’. ื“ื™ ื”ืจื™ื’ื•ืช ืคื•ืŸ ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื, ื“ืึธืก ืงื™ื ื“, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจื”ืจื’ืขื˜ 
ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉื™ื™ื ืงื™ื™ื˜. (ื›ึผืชื‘ื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ, โ€ ื– 198; ื–ื–' 209-- 210). 

ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขื‘ืจืึทื›ื˜ืข ืขื“ื•ืชืฉืึทืคื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืขืžืข ืื™ื– ืงืœืึธืจ ืึทื– ืขืก ื”ืึทื ื“ืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืึท 
ื•ื•ืขืจืง ื•ื•ืขืžืขื ืก ืฆื™ืœ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉืึทืคืขื ืข ื ืฒึทืข ื•ื•ื™ืจืงืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ื ืึทืฆื™ื™ื”ืขืจืฉืึทืคึผื˜ 
ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกืจืขื›ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ืื™ืจืข: ืึท ื™ื™ื–ื›ึผื•ืจื™ ืคืึทืจ ื“ื™ "ืฐืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจื”ืจื’ืขื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจ 
ื“ื™ ืฐืึธืก ื•ืขืจืŸ ื˜ืึธื’-ื˜ืขื’ืœืขืš ื“ืขืจื”ืจื’ืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืคึผืฑื™ืœืŸ... ืึท ืžืึธื“ืขืจื ืขืจ 'ืงื“ื™ืฉื™." (ื–ืข: ืฆื•ืงืจืžืŸ -- ืžื‘ืคื ื™ื, 
ื™"ื’, ื“ืึธืจื˜). ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืขืžืข "ื™ื–ื›ึผื•ืจ" ื’ืขืžืึทื›ื˜ ื“ืขื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืกืš-ื”ื›ึผืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ 
ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ, ื‘ืฒึทื ืกื•ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ ื–ื™ื ื˜ ื“ืขื ืื•ื™ืกื‘ืจื•ืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆืฐืฒื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜-ืžืœื—ืžื”. ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื 
ืฉื˜ืึทื ื“ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ื“ืึทืจืฃ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืคึผืึธืขืžืข ื‘ืึทื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ ืฐืขืจืŸ ืฐื™ ื“ืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืจื™ืฉืขืจ ืคืึธืจื’ืฒื™ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืง 
ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉืŸ ืคึผื ืงืก ื•ื™ื˜ืœ, ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืึทืœื’ืขืžืฒื ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืคืึทืจืคืึทืกื˜ ื–ื•ืžืขืจ 1943, ื‘ืฒึทื ืกื•ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืขืจื˜ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืŸ ื ืึทืฆื™ื™ืจืขื–ืฉื™ื, ืื™ืŸ ืžื–ืจื—-ืคึฟืจืึทื ืงืจืฒึทืš ืื™ืŸ ืึท 
ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจื ื™ืจื•ื ื’-ืœืึทื’ืขืจ, ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืขืœ. ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืขืžืข, ื–ืข ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ, ื ื•ืž' 26. 


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ืึทืจื™ื™ื ืคื™ืจ 6 


ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืจื•ื ื˜-ืื•ื™ืกื’ืึทื›ืข ื“ืจื•ืจ, ืชึผืฉืจื™ ืชึผืฉ"ื - ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ืจื™ื˜ืŸ 
ืึธืงื˜ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ื ืึธื•ื•ืขืžื‘ืขืจ 1940-- ื ื•ืž' 4, ื–ื™ 3. ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ืื™ื– ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ: ืœ. ืฉื˜ืึทื˜ืขืจ-- 
ืก'ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜, ืœื™ืฆืžืึทื ืฉื˜ืึทื˜ืขืจ -- ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืกืขืฐื“ืึธื ื™ืžืขืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืึทื ื•ืฆื˜, ื•ื™ ืึท 
ืžื™ื˜ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืจื•ื ื˜-ืคึผืจืขืกืข ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ (ืคืึทืจื’ืœืฒึทื™ืš ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืึทืจืฒึทื ืคื™ืจ ืฆื• ื ื•ืž' 
4). ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ืขืจ ืžืงื•ืจ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื“ืึธ ืฆื•ื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ื ืึธืš ื“ืขืจ ืžืœื—ืžื”. ื“ืขืจ ื›ึผืชื‘- 
ื™ื“ ืึทืœื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื– ืฆื• ืื•ื ื“ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ืขืจื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ืžืขื ื˜ืึทืœืก ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ืคืึทืจืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืึธืจื˜ ื ื•ืž' 
6. ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ืขืจ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืื™ืŸ "ื“ืจื•ืจ" ื’ืขืคื™ื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื™.ืง. -ืึทืจื›ื™ื• ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ืœื•ื—ืžื™ ื”ื’ื™ื˜ืื•ืช, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืจื˜ 
ืจืขื’ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ืจื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื ื•ืž' 811/1598. 

ื ืึธืš ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืก'ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึธืงื•ืคึผื™ืจื˜ืขืจ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข, ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืงืึทืจืžืขืœื™ืฆืงืข ื’ืึทืก ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืึธืจื˜ ืฐื•ึผ ื“ืขืจ ื ืึทืฆื™ืฉืขืจ ื˜ืขืจืึธืจ ืœืฉื ื˜ืขืจืึธืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืจืฒึทื™, ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืš ื“ืขื ื’ืึทื ืฆืŸ ื˜ืึธื’, ื’ืขื‘ื•ืฉืขื•ื•ืขื˜. 

ืฐื•ืขืจ ืขืก ื‘ืึทื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ ื“ื™ ืžืึทืคึผืข ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึท ื‘ื™ื– ื“ืขื ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ (ื™ื•ืœื™ 1942), ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื˜ 
ื’ืœืฒึทืš - ืึทื– ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ-ืžืฑืขืจ ืฐืึธืก ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ืจืขื ืขืฆืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ืขืก: (ื) ืึธืคึผื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ 
ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื™ื˜-ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื”ื•ืคึผื˜ (ื‘) ืื™ื–ืึธืœื™ืจืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืžืขืจ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื—ืœืง ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ, ื›ึผื“ื™ 
ืคืจืึทื’ืžืขื ื˜ื™ืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืžืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื ืื™ื ื“ื–ืœืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ื’ื•ืคื. ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ืจื•ื ืื•ืŸ ืฆืคื•ืŸ, ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืœืึธืง ื’ืึทืกืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ. ืึทืœืข ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืจื•ื ืฆื•ื ืฆืคื•ืŸ, ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจืžืฑืขืจื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ, ืึทื—ื•ืฅ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™: ืื™ืŸ ื“ืจื•ื-ื˜ื™ื™ืœ, 
ื“ื•ืจืš ืึท ืฆืฐืฒื™ืฉื˜ืึธืงื™ืงืขืจ ื”ื™ืœืฆืขืจื ืขืจ ื‘ืจื™ืง ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืฆื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื˜ ื›ืœืึธื“ื ืข ื’ืึทืก ื‘ื™ื– ื“ืขืจ 
ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ, ืœืขื ื’-ืื•ื™ืก ื“ืขืจ ืืฒื™ื–ืŸ ื’ืึทืก (ื–ืฉืขืœืึทื–ื ืข). ืื™ืŸ ืฆืคื•ืŸ-ื˜ื™ื™ืœ, ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ืขืจ ืงืึทืจืžืขืœื™ืฆืงืข ื’ืึทืก, ื“ื™ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ 
ืื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืงืข ื’ืึทืก ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืึธืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืฆืคื•ืŸ-ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื“ืจื•ื-ื–ืฒึทื˜-- ื ืึธืš ื“ืขื ื•ื™ ืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืขืœ 
ืคืึทืจืžื•ื™ืขืจื˜ ื“ื™ ื ืึธืฐืึธืœื™ืคึผื™ืข ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืขืฉื ืึธ ื’ืึทืก ื‘ืฒึท ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืคืึทืจืงืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืืฒึทื–ืŸ ื’ืึทืก ืื™ืŸ ืžืขืจื‘ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ 
ืคึผืฉืขื™ืึทื–ื“ ื’ืึทืก ืื™ืŸ ืžื–ืจื—. 

ื“ื™ ืงืึทืจืžืขืœื™ืฆืงืข ื’ืึทืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืึท ืคึผืฒึทื ื™ืงื•ื ื’-ืึธืจื˜, ื ืึธืš ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ-ืชึผืงื•ืคึฟื”, ืฐืฒึทืœ ื“ืึธืก ืคึฟืึทืจืžืฑืขืจืŸ 
ื“ื™ ืคึฟืึทืจืงืขืจ-ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžืขืจืฅ 1940, ืื•ืŸ ืกื•ืฃ ืžืฒึท 1940 
ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืงืึทืจืžืขืœื™ืฆืงืข ื’ืึทืก ืคืึทืจืฐืึทื ื“ืœื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืงืŸ ืขื ื’ืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืึทื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืœืขืฉื ืึธ ื’ืึทืก ื‘ื™ื– ืฆื• 
ื“ืขืจ ื ืึธืฐืึธืœื™ืคึผื™ืข ื’ืึทืก. ื–ืฒึทืขื ื“ื™ืง ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืงืขืจ ืคืึทืจืงืขืจืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆืขื ื“ืœื™ืงืขืจ ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ, ื˜ืึธื’-ื˜ืขื’ืœืขืš, 
ืื™ืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ -- ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืขืก ื“ื™ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื ื•ืฆื˜ ื›ึผื“ื™ ืื•ืžื’ืขืจื™ื›ื˜ ืฆื• ืฆืขืฉืœืึธื’ืŸ, ืคืึทืจืฐื•ึผื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ืื•ืŸ 
ืฆืขืฉื™ืกืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืคื•ืกื’ื™ื™ืขืจ. 

ื“ื™ ืงืึทืจืžืขืœื™ืฆืงืข ื’ืึทืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื”ืขืœืคื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ 1940, ืึทืŸ ืึธืคึผืฉืคึผื™ื’ืœื•ื ื’ ื‘ื–ืขื™ืจ- 
ืึทื ืคึผื™ืŸ ื ืึธืš ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ-ืžึผืงื•ืคื”, ืคื•ืŸ ื’ื•ืจืœ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจืฐืึทืจื˜ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ื ืึทืฆื™ืฉืขืจ ื”ืขืจืฉืึทืคื˜ ืื™ืŸ 
ื“ื™ ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ืžืงื•ื (ื–ืข, ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึทื ื˜ืฐื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืžืฑืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ, ื›ึผืœืคึผื™-ื—ื•ืฅ ืื•ืŸ ื›ึผืœืคึผื™"ืคึผื ื™ื, ื‘ื”ื“ืจื’ื”: 
ืขืžื ื•ืืœ ืจื™ื ื’ืขืœื‘ืœื•ื, ื›ึผืชื‘ื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ, 1 ื– 108, 122, 128, 131, 144, 164 -- ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืจืฉื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืš 
ื“ื™ ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืžืขืจืฅ - ืึธืงื˜ืึธื‘ืขืจ 1940). 

ื‘ืžืฉืš ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ-ืชึผืงื•ืคื” ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืจืฆื™ื—ื” ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืงืึทืจืžืขืœื™ืฆืงืข ื’ืึทืก ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืžืขืจ, ืึท ื˜ืึธื’-ื˜ืขื’ืœืขื›ืข 
ื“ืขืจืฉืฒื™ื ื•ื ื’. ื’ืจื•ืคึผืขืก ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉืŸ ืคืœืขื’ืŸ ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืขืœ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกืขืจืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ื›ึผื“ื™ ืึธื ืฆื•ืคืึทืœืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข 
ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช. ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ืึท ื‘ืึทื’ืœืฑื‘ื˜ืขืจ ืขื“-ืจืื™ื”, ื—. ื. ืงืึทืคึผืœืึทืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ื‘ื•ืš ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ 


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ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื‘ืขืช ืคืึทืจ ื–ืฒึทื™ื ืข ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฉืคึผื™ืœื˜ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ื˜ืจืึทื’ืขื“ื™ืขืก ื˜ืึธื’-ืืฒื™ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’-ืืฑืก ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืึทืจืฑืกื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื“ื™ืจื” ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืงืึทืจืžืขืœื™ืฆืงืข ื’ืึทืก (ื–ืข: ืงืคึผืœืŸ, ื—' 415-- 416; 
0+- 421; 439- 440; 550), 

ืงื•ืจืฅ ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ืื•ื™ืกื–ื™ื“ืœื•ื ื’ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืจืขื‘ืœื™ื ืงืข ื‘ืžืฉืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื–ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ 1942, ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ื’ืึทืก 
ืงืึทืจืžืขืœื™ืฆืงืข ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืึท ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉืขืจ ืืฑืกืจืึธื˜ื•ื ื’-ืฆืขื ื˜ืขืจ ืคืึทืจ ื“ื™ ื“ืฒึทื™ื˜ืฉืŸ. ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ื™ืฆื—ืง 
ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ ืึทืœืฒืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืจืฉื™ืžื” ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ืขื ื–ื™ื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืืฑื™ื’ื•ืกื˜ 1943 ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืขืœ: "ืึท ืคึผืึธืจ ืฐืึธื›ืŸ ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ 
ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืึทืฐืขืงื’ืขืฉื™ืงื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืฆื•ื ื˜ืฑื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ 'ื‘ืึทืŸ... ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืึธื ื’ืขื”ืฑื‘ืŸ ื”ืจื’ืขื ืขืŸ 
ื˜ืึธื’-ืืฒื™ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’-ืืฑืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืึทืกืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜... ืคึผืœื•ืฆืœื™ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื”ืขืœืŸ ื˜ืึธื’, ื‘ืขืช ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืขื ื’ 
ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคื’ืขืคึผืจืขืกื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงืึทืจืžืขืœื™ืฆืงืข ื’ืึทืก, ืฐืึธืก ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืขื ื’ืข ืื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืงืข ื’ืึทืก ื“ื•ืจืš ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ 
ื’ืึทื ืฆืขืจ ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืคืึธืœืง ืื™ื– ืึทื“ื•ืจืš ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืฐืฑื ืึธืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ืฆื•ื ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ -- ืื•ืŸ ืึธื˜ ืคืึธืจื˜ ื’ื™ืš 
ืึทื“ื•ืจืš ืึท ืœืึทืกื˜- ืื•ื™ื˜ืึธ ืื•ืŸ ืจื•ืฆื—ื™ื ืงื•ืงืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื ืึทืจืฑืก ืื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืกืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ื™ื™ืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื– ืžืข ืืฒึทืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื˜ืฑืขืจืŸ ืคืึทืœืŸ ืึท ืฆืขืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ. ื“ืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจื”ืจื’ืขื˜ืข, ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืคืึทืจืฐื•ึผื ื“ื™ืงื˜ืข. ืฆื• ืžืึธืœ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืึทืŸ 
ืืฒึทื™ื–ืขืจื ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืขืงืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฉื˜ืจืขืงื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืึธื’ืŸ ืึทืจืฑืก ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ื˜ื•ื˜ ืึท ื–ืขืฅ ืื™ืŸ ืฉืึทืจื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื ืึทืงืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ืžืฉื•ืœื“ื™ืงืข 
ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ื™ื™ืขืจ. ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืึทื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ืงืึทืจืžืขืœื™ืฆืงืข ื’ืึทืก, ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ืฉืžืึธืœืŸ ืจืขืจ ืคืึทืจืŸ ืฉื˜ืจืึธื ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ 
ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ, ืึทืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืงืข ืจืขืจ ืคืึทืจ ืึท ื›ึผืžืขื˜ ื”ืึทืœื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืœื™ืึธืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ, ืฐืฒึทืœ ืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฆื• ืื•ื ื“ื– ืึทืœืข ืžืึธืœ ืคืึทืจื˜ืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืœ- 
ืคึผื™ ื ืก ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืขื ืข ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืœื™ื™ื ืข ืฉื˜ืขื˜ืœืขืš. ืึทื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืฒืขื ื“ื™ืง ื“ื™ ืึธ ืงืึทืจืžืขืœื™ืฆืงืข ื’ืึทืก ืื™ื– ืžื™ืจ 
ืึทื ื˜ืงืขื’ืŸ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึท ื™ื™ื“ ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืŸ ืื™ื™ื“ืขืœืŸ ืคึผื ื™ื ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ ืึท ืฉื˜ืจื•ื™ืขื ืข ื”ื•ื˜. ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืึทื“ื•ืจืš ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืจ, 
ื ืึธืš ืึทื–ืึท ืจื’ืข ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ืึท ืฉืึธืก ื“ืขืจื”ืขืจื˜ ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ ืžื™ืจ. ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืคึผื ื™ืก ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื“ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš 
ืึธืคึผื’ืขืงืขืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’. ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืจื•ืฆื—ื™ื... ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืึทื ื˜ืงืขื’ืŸ... ื•ื™ ื–ื™ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฐืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ ื ืึธืš ื–ื™ื™: ืึท ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ื“ืึธืงื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื ืึธืจ ืฐืึธืก ื“ืขืจืฉืึธืกืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ... ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ 
ืฉื˜ืจื•ื™ืขื ืขื ื”ื•ื˜. ื•ื™ ืึทื–ืฑ ืึทืจื•ื? ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืžื ื•ึผื•ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืก ื’ืขืงืึธืคึผืขื˜ ื ืึธืš ื“ืขื ื•ื™ ืขืจ 
ืื™ื– ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืึทื“ื•ืจืš, ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธืงื˜ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืึทืจืฐื•ึผื ื“ืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืžื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจื’ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ 
ื ื™ื“ืขืจื˜ืจืขื›ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืจื•ืฆื— ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ื™ืงืก ืึทืจืฑืกื’ืขืฆืฑื’ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื“ืขืจื”ืจื’ืขื˜... ืึท ืคืœื™ึดืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจื”ืจื’ืขื˜ 
ืึท ื™ื™ึทื“ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึทืก. ื“ืขืจ ืคืœื™ึดืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื™ื ืขื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ื’ืขื ื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืคืฆื•ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืึท ืคื•ืก ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื‘ื•ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืžืช, 
ืจื™ื™ื›ืขืจืŸ ืึท ืฆื™ื’ืึทืจืขื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœืขืŸ, ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืึทื ืฆืข ืฆืฒึทื˜ ื‘ื™ื– ืขืจ ืฐืขื˜ ืื™ื ืคืึธื˜ืึธื’ืจืึทืคื™ืจืŸ... ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืื™ื ืคืึธื˜ืึธื’ืจืึทืคื™ืจื˜, ืืคืฉืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืื™ื ืฆื• ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืจื•ืฆื— ืฉื˜ืจืฒึทื™ื›ืขืจืก ื‘ืœืขื˜ืขืจ, ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื 
ืคืึธื˜ืึธื’ืจืึทืคื™ืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจื˜ืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื“ืขื ื”ืจื•ื’, ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืจื•ื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื™ืŸ ื”ืึทื ื˜, ืฐืฒึทืœ ื“ืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฆื•ื’ืขืืฒึทืœื˜ ืึทืฐืขืงืฆื•ื’ืฒื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฐืฒึทืœ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ืฆื• ืœืึทื›ืŸ. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ืคืึทืจื˜ืจื™ื‘ืŸ, 
ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ืก ื’ืขืœืขื›ื˜ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึธืคึผื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื ืก ืคึผื ื™ื ... ืึท ืžืฉื•ื’ืขื ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืžืฉื•ื’ืข-ืžืึทื›ื ื“ื™ืงืขืจ 
ื’ืขืœืขื›ื˜ืขืจ." (ืคื ืงืก ื•ื™ื˜ืœ, ื– 162-- 163). ืื•ื™ืš ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคืึทืจืœืึธืคืŸ ื˜ืึทืงืข ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ" 
ืงืึทืจืžืขืœื™ืฆืงืข ื’ืึทืก. ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืึธื ืงืจืขื˜ืŸ ืคืึทืœ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื“ืฒื™ื˜ืฉืŸ ืคึผืœื™ึดืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืžืขืฉื‚ื™ื ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืงืึทืจืžืขืœื™ืฆืงืข 
ื’ืึทืก, ื–ืข ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื™ ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืขืŸ, ื ื•ืž' 34: "ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึทื“ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืœืึทื›ื˜", ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืึทืจืฒึทื ืคื™ืจ ื“ืึธืจื˜. 


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ืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึทืจื•ืžื’ืขืฆื•ื™ืžื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืžื•ื™ืขืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–, 
ืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืึทืœื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื™ื•ื ื’, ืื•ื ื“ื– ืึทืœืขืžืขืŸ ืคืึทืจืžืึทื›ื˜; 
ืžื™ืจ ื’ื™ื™ืขืŸ ืฉืึธื˜ืขื ืขืก ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึทืก ืื•ื, ืึท ืฉืึธื˜ืŸ ืœืขื ืึท ืฉืึธื˜ืŸ, 
ืื•ื™ืฃ ืงืึทืจืžืขืœื™ืฆืงืึท ืื™ื– ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ ื ื™ื˜ืึธ, ื ืึธืจ ื ืึทื›ื˜. 


ื“ื™ ืงืึทืจืžืขืœื™ืฆืงืึท ื’ืึทืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืึทืก, ืก'ืื™ื– ืึทืŸ ืึทืจื˜ืขืจื™ืข, 

ืก'ืจื™ื ื˜ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ ืฐืึทืจืขื ื‘ืœื•ื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืงืึทืœื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉื•ื•ื™ื™ืก-- 

ื“ื• ืฐืฒึทื– ืึท ืงื•ื ืฅ ืื•ืŸ ืœื•ื™ืฃ ืึทื“ื•ืจืš ื–ื™ ื’ื™ืš, ื“ื• ื–ืฒึท ืึท ื‘ืจื™ื” 

ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก ืฐืึธืก ื“ื™ืจ ื’ืขืฉืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืึธืฐืึธืœื™ืคึผืงื™ ื‘ื™ื– ื“ื™ ืœืขืฉ ... ื’ื™ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก! 


ื“ื™ ืงืึทืจืžืขืœื™ืฆืงืึท, ืื•ื™, ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืš ืขื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืฉืžืึธืœ-- 

ืื•ื™ืฃ ืงืึทืจืžืขืœื™ืฆืงืึท ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜, ืžืขืŸ ืœื•ื™ืคื˜ ืึทื“ื•ืจืš ืื™ืจ; 

ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขืœืึทืฃ ื’ื™ื˜ ืฐืขืจ ืึท ืฉื˜ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืžืึธืœ: 
"ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืฃ ืึทืจืฒื™ืŸ"... ื“ืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืึท ื™ื™ื“ ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืึท ืฉื˜ื•ืจื›ืข. 


ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื™ืคืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืคื•ืœ, ืคืึทืจืคื•ืœื˜ ... ื“ื™ ืงืึทืจืžืขืœื™ืฆืงืึท ืคึผื•ืกื˜-- 

ืคึผื•ืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืคึผื•ืกื˜ - ื ื™ื˜ ืึทืœืข ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆืขืœืึธืคืŸ. 

ื–ืขืงืก ืžื™ื˜ ืึธืคึผืึทืกืงืขืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ-- ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ื 'ืก ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜ 

ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืงืึทืจืžืขืœื™ืฆืงืข ื›ืึธื“ื ื™ืง ืืฒึทื ื’ืขืฉืœืึธืคืŸ. 
ืœ. ืฉื˜ืึทื˜ืขืจ 


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ืึทืจื™ื™ื ืคื™ืจ 7 


= ืึท ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืœืึทืกื™ืงืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจืŸ; ืึทื ื˜ื”ืึทืœื˜ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืคึผืจืงื™ื: (ื) 

"ืื™ื™ื‘ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ื‘ืข", (ื‘) "ืงืึทื‘ืฆืึทื ืกืง". ืึท ื“ืจื™ื˜ืขืจ ืคึผืจืง, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื–ืึธืœื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ืขืœืขืจ, ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ 
ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืคึผืจืงื™ื ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืžืึทื ื’ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืึธืจื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจืœืึธืจืŸ ื’ืขื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ 
(ื–ืข: ื›ืชื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื, ืชืฉื›"ื˜, ื–ื™ 372). ื“ื™ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืขื ืข ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืคึผืจืงื™ื ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื“ืึธ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ืฆื•ื 
ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ืื™ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืึธืจื™ื’ื™ื ืึทืœ, ื ืึธืš ื“ืขืจ ืžืœื—ืžื”. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึธืงื•ืคึผื™ืจื˜ืขืจ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ 
ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืขืจื“ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ืจื•ืจ, ; ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉ"ื -- ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ืจื™ื˜ืŸ ืึธืงื˜ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ื ืึธื•ื•ืขืžื‘ืขืจ 1940 -- , ื ื•ืž' 4, 
ื–ื–' 17- 22. ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ืžืขื ื˜ืึทืœืก ืจืฉื™ืžื” -- -- ืคึผืึทืจืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืึธืจื˜ ื ื•ืž' 15. ื“ืขืจ ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœ ืื™ื– ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ 
ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ: ื™ื—ื™ืืœ ื“ืึทืฐื™ื“ื–ืึธืŸ. ื™ื—ื™ืืœ ืื™ื–. ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ืคึผืจื˜"ื ืึธืžืขืŸ; ืื™ื ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืึท 
ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื ืึธื›ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ื“ืŸ ืคื•ึนืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืžืึทืžืขืก ืฆื“; ื“ืขื ืงืึทืจืขืœื™ืฆืขืจ ืจื‘ ืจ' ื™ืฆื—ืง ื™ื—ื™ืืœ ื“ืึทืฐื™ื“ื–ืึธืŸ. 

ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ืฉืึทืคึฟื•ื ื’, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืื™ื– ืื•ื ื“ื– ื‘ืึทืงืึทื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืชึผืงื•ืคึฟื” ืฐืึธืก ืคืึทืจืŸ ืืฒึทื™ื ืคื™ืจืŸ 
ื“ืขื ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข. 

ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ืฉืจื™ืคื˜ืŸ, ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื™ืึธืจ 1940 ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึธืงื•ืคึผื™ืจื˜ืขืจ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข ืคืึทืจืŸ 
ื’ืขื˜ืึธ, ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื›ึผืžึผืขื˜ ืึทืœืข ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืขืจื“ื™ืฉืŸ "ื“ืจื•ืจ". ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืึทืคืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืชึผืงื•ืคื” ื”ืึธื˜ ืึทื–ืฑ 
ืึทืจื•ื ื’ืขื”ืึทื˜, ืœื”ืœื›ื”, ืึท ืจืขืœืึทื˜ื™ื•ื• ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ืฆืึธืœ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืจืก, ืื•ื™ื‘ ืžื™ืจ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึทื›ื˜ ืึทื– ืœื•ื˜ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข 
ืึธืคึผืฉืึทืฆืŸ ืื™ื– ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืขืจื“ื™ืฉืข ืคึผื•ื‘ืœื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืขืก ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืœื™ื™ืขื ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืขืจืš 17 -- 
0 ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ื™ืจืึทื–ืฉ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจืฉืคึผืจืฒื˜ืกื˜ืข ืืฑืกื’ืึทื‘ืขืก ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื• ืึท ืคึผืึธืจ ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ (ื–ืข: 
ืงืจืžื™ืฉ (1980), ื–ื™ ืœื‘). ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ืขืจ ืคึฟืึทืจืžื™ื˜ืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜-ืœืขื’ืึทืœืขืจ ืคึผืจืขืกืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึทื–ืฑ ืึทืจื•ื ื’ืขืฉืึทืคืŸ 
ืึท ืœืขื‘ืขื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืงืึธื ื˜ืึทืงื˜ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืคึผืึธืขื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคึผื•ื‘ืœื™ืงื•ื, ื“ืขืจ ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืขืช ื“ื™ ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืื•ื™ื’ื•ืกื˜ -- ืึธืงื˜ืึธื‘ืขืจ 
0, ืขืจื‘ ื“ืขื ืืฒึทื ืคื™ืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืš ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ ื‘ืžืฉืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื™ืึธืจ 1941, ื•ื™ ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ 
ื–ืขืŸ. ื™ื” 
ืึทื—ื•ืฅ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืข ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืึทืจืฑืก ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืฉืœื•ื ื™ืขืงื‘ ืึทื‘ืจืึทืžืึธื•ื™ื˜ืฉืขืก ืฉืึทืคืŸ, 
ื“ื™ื ืขืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ื•ื™ ืึท ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืžืงื•ืจ ืคืึทืจ ืึท ื“ืขืจืงืขื ื˜ืขื ื™ืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืขื˜ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ 
ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืจื™ืฉืŸ ืึทื ื™ื™ืžืืžื™ืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื•ื ืื•ื™ืกื“ืจื•ืง ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื’ืขื˜ืึธ- ืื•ืŸ ืœืึทื’ืขืจ-ืฉืึทืคื•ื ื’ืขืŸ. ื–ื™ ืงืขืŸ 
ืžืขืŸ ืจืขื–ื•ืžื™ืจืŸ ื‘ืงื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ืœืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ืชึผืฉื•ื›ื” ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืึทื˜ื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ ืื•ืŸ 
ืื™ืจ ืคืึทืจื‘ืœืฒื™ื‘ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืœื“ื•ืจื•ืช, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื™.ืง. ืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืึทืฐืขืง ืื™ืŸ ืฆืขื ื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืึธืคึผืฉืึทืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื‘ืจืึทืžืึธืฐื•ื™ื˜ืฉืขืก 
ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืจื™ืฉืขืจ ื™ืจื•ืฉื”. ืื™ืŸ ื™. ืง'ืก ืคึผืึธืขื˜ื™ืง ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื‘ืึทื˜ืึธื ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืงืึทื˜ืึทืจื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ื™ืกื•ื“ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืŸ 
ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืจื™ืฉืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืง. ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ืึธืจ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื”ืฉืคึผืขื” ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืจ ื ืึธืจ ืื•ื™ืš, ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืึทืคึผืขืจืก 
ืฉื˜ืึทื ื“ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ืึทืœืฒืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ืคื•ืจืขืžื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืง ืงื•ื“ื ื›ืœ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื™ืกื•ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืคึผืจืฒึทืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื‘ืึทื“ืจื™ืงื ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ื’ืฒึทืกื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืœืขื‘ื•ื ื’. ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื•ื™ืกื˜ ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืึธืคึผ ืึทื‘ืจืึทืžืึธืฐื™ื˜ืฉืขืก ื’ืึทื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื ื˜ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืึท ืงืœืึทืกื™ืฉืขืจ ื’ืึทื ื’, ืฐืึธืก ื‘ืึทื˜ืึธื ื˜ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืจื™ืฉืข ืคืึธืจื ื ื™ืฉื˜ 
ื•ืฐืฒื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืึธืคึผื˜ ืžืึธืœ ืึทืคื™ืœื• ืžืขืจืขืจ, ื•ื™ ืื™ืจ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืœื™ื’ื ื“ื™ืงืข ืื™ื‘ืขืจืœืขื‘ื•ื ื’. 

ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฉืึทืจืคืŸ ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืงืœืึทืกื™ืฆื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืงืึทื˜ืึทืจื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืจื™ืฉืขืจ ืคื•ืจืขืžื•ื ื’ ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ 
ืึทืจืฑืก ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ื‘ืึทืฐื•ึผืกื˜ื–ื™ื ื™ืงืข ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืจื™ืฉืข ืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืึทืงื˜ื™ืง. ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœ 
ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืฉื™ ืึทื‘ืจืึทืžืึธืฐื™ื˜ืฉืŸ ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื™. ืง. ืึทืจืฑืก ื“ืขื ืงืขื’ื ื–ืึทืฅ ืฐืึธืก ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืฉืจืฒึทื™ื‘ืŸ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ-ืฐืขืจืง ืื•ื™ืก 


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ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจื™ืฉืขืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื’ืขื‘ื ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคื•ืจืขืžื•ื ื’- ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจืขืึทืงืฆื™ืข ืฆื• ืึท ื•ื•ื™ืจืงืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜, ืฐืึธืก 
ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืœืึทื ื’ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื‘ื ืžืฆื, ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืฉืึทืคืŸ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ-ืฐืขืจืง ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื™ืกื•ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ืขืจ ืฉืจื™ืคื˜ืœืขื›ืขืจ 
ืจืขืึทืงืฆื™ืข ืžืชึผื•ืš ื’ืฒึทืกื˜ื™ืงืข ืขืงื–ื™ืกื˜ืขื ืฆื™ืึทืœืข ืขื ื’ืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืึทืจืฐืึธืจืฆืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื“ืึธ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืื™ืฆื˜. 

ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื”ืงืฉืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ืฆืฒึทื˜, ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืจืขืึทืœื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืขืึทืงืฆื™ืข ืฆื• ืื™ืจ, ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ืคืœื˜ ื™. ืง. ืื™ืŸ 
ื“ืขื ืืฒื‘ื™ืงืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉ"ื™ ืึทื‘ืจืึทืžืึธืฐื™ื˜ืฉืขืก ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืจื™ืฉืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืขื˜ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’, ื“ืขื ืืžืชืŸ 
ืื•ื™ืกื–ื™ื›ื˜ ืคืึทืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืจื™ืฉืขืจ ืคืึทืจืื™ื™ื‘ื™ืงื•ื ื’. 

ื“ืขืจ ืึธืจื™ื’ื™ื ืึทืœืขืจ ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“ ืื™ื– ืฆื• ืื•ื ื“ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ืขืจื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ. ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ืขืจ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืื™ืŸ "ื“ืจื•ืจ", ื’ืขืคื™ื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ืื™ืŸ ื™. ืง.-ืึทืจื›ื™ื•ื• ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ืœื•ื—ืžื™ ื”ื’ื™ื˜ืื•ืช ืจืขื’ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ืจื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื ื•ืž' 1611/1036. 


ืฆื•ื ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ ืคื™ื ืคื˜ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื•ืจื˜ืกื˜ืึธื’ 
ืคื•ืŸ ืžืขื ื“ืขืœืข ืžื•ื›ืจ ืกืคืจื™ื 


ื. ืื™ื™ื‘ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ื‘ืข 
ืžืขื ื“ืขืœืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ืฉื˜ืึทืจื‘ืŸ. ืฆื• ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคื™ื ืฃ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื‘ืขืฆื™ืง ื™ืึธืจื™ืงืŸ ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืœืขื•ื ืื™ื– 
-ืขืจ ืื™ื™ื’ื ื˜ืœืขืš, ืึทืœื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืึทื›ืฆื™ืง, ืื•ืŸ ืึทื– ืขืžืขืฆืขืจ, ืึท ื ืึธืขื ื˜ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื, ืื•ื™ืคื”ื™ื™ื‘ื ื“ื™ืง 
ืึท ื’ืœืึธื– ืฐืฒึทืŸ, ื’ืขืฐื•ึผื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืžืฉื”-ืจื‘ื ื•ืก ื™ืึธืจืŸ, ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ "ื–ื™ื™ื“ืข", ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืฆื• ื›ึผืœื•ืžืจืฉื˜, ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ื 
ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื‘ืจื•ื’ื–, ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ื›ึผืขืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขื ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืึทืจืฑืกื’ืขื•ื™ื–ืŸ. ืึทื ื˜ืœืึธืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืฐืฒึทื˜ืŸ ืฆื™ืžืขืจ. -- 
"ื”ืขืจื˜ ืึท ืžืขืฉื‚ื”: ื ืขืžื˜ ืึท ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ืฉืขืœื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืฆื• ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฆืฐืึทื ืฆื™ืง ื™ืึธืจ... ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ืœ 
ืžืขืจืขืจ!" 

ืžื™ืจ ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœืขืŸ ื”ืขืจื ื“ื™ืง ืื™ื, ื“ืขื ืคืึทืจืœืฑืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืื™ื ืฆื™ื“ืขื ื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื ืึธืจ ืžื™ืจ, ื ืึธืจ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ื™ 
ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืขืก ื‘ืฒึทื’ืขืฐืฑื ื˜, ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึทืฐื•ื“ืื™ ืึท ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ. ื–ื™ ืžื™ื™ื ืขืŸ, ืึทื– ื“ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ื“ืข ืžืึทื›ื˜ ืึทืŸ 
ืึธื ืฉื˜ืขืœ ... ืขืจ ืžืึทื›ื˜ ืขืก ืขืจื ืกื˜, ืขืจ ืžื™ื™ื ื˜ ืขืก ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืขืจื ืกื˜ ... ืฐืึธืจืŸ ืขืจ, ื“ืขืจ ืืžืชืขืจ ืคึผื™ืงื—, 
ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื“ืึธืš ื™ืึธ, ืึทื– ืžืขืŸ ืžื•ื– ... ืžืขืŸ ืžื•ื– ืขืก ืžื™ื˜ืžืึทื›ืŸ, ืฆื™ ืคืจื™ึทืขืจ ืฆื™ ืึท ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ ... ืื•ืŸ ืึทื– - 
ืฐืึธืก ื–ืึธืœืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืœื™ื™ืงืขื ืขืŸ, ืึทื– ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฆืฐืึทื ืฆื™ืง ื™ืึธืจ ืื™ื– ืึท ืฉื˜ื™ืงืœ ื’ื•ื–ืžื, ืึท ืžืœื™ืฆื”... 

ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืืžืชืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœืขืŸ ื™ืขืฆื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ื“ืึธืจื˜, ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื‚ืžื—ื” ืื™ืŸ 
ืึธื“ืขืก, ืึท ื˜ืขื•ืช! 

ืžืขืจืขืจ! ื“ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ื“ืข ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืŸ ืืžืช ืžืขืจืขืจ ... ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืึทืฐืขืง, ืคืึทืจืฉืคึผืึทืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืื™ืŸ 
ืœืขืฆื˜ืŸ ื—ื“ืจ, ืืฒึทื ื’ืขืขืงืฉื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš: ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืžืขืจืขืจื™ 

ืžืขืจืขืจ! ืึท ืกืš ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–, ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืึทืฐื•ืขืงื’ืฒื™ืขืจ ืึทื”ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืึทื ืขืŸ ืžืขืŸ ืงื•ืžื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืžืขืจ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง, ื•ื•ื™ืœืŸ 
ืžืขืจืขืจ, ืžืขืŸ ื™ืœ ื ื™ื˜ ืฉื˜ืึทืจื‘ืŸ, ืžืขืŸ ืฐืฒึทื–ื˜ ืขืก ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื‘ื•ืœื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืึทืจืฑืก, ืžืขืŸ ืฉืขืžื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืงืœืึธืจ ืึทื–ืฑ 
ืึทืจืฐืฑื™ืกื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืขืก } ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืงืœื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืจืฆื™ืข ... ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืึทืฉืฒื“ืขื ืขืจืข, ืžื™ืจ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืขืก ื ื™ื˜ 
ื‘ืคึฟื™ืจื•ืฉ, ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืึทืงืœืึธื’ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜, ืžื™ืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ืกืงืจืขื˜ืขืจ ... ืžืขื ื“ืขืœืข ืื™ื– ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ 
ืฉืขืžืขื•ื•ื“ื™ืงืขืจ, ืขืจ ืจืขื“ื˜ ืขืก ืึทืจืฑืก ืฉืึทืจืฃ, ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื—ื™ืชึผื•ืš-ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื”ืึทื˜ ืึท ื˜ื›ืข ื‘ื™ื™ื–ืขืจืŸ 


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ื–ื™ืš, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืขื•ื•ืœื” ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื ืงืขืŸ ื’ืขืฉืขืŸ-- ืฉื˜ืึทืจื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฆืฐืึทื ืฆื™ืง ื™ืึธืจ, 
ืจืขืึทื’ื™ืจื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื‘ื™ื™ื–ืขืจ ... ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขื”ืึทื˜ ืึท ื ืึทื˜ื•ืจ ืฆื• ื’ืขืฐืึทืœื“ืขืฐืขืŸ, ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ึดืขืŸ: 
ื’ืขืฐืึทืœื“, ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ... ืžืขืจ! 

ื ืึธืจ ืžืขื ื“ืขืœืข ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืึทืจืฑืก ื“ืขื ื‘ืึทื”ืึทืœื˜ืขื ืขื ืฐื•ึผื ื˜ืฉ ื–ืฒึทื ืขื ... ื˜ื™ืฃ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฆืŸ ืื™ืŸ 
ื–ืฒึทื ืขื, ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ืฉื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืœืขื‘ืŸ -- ืืฒื™ื‘ื™ืง! 

ืžืขืจ -- ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื ื•ื’, ืžืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืš ืžืขืจ - ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ืงื ืึทืคึผ.... ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืืฒื‘ื™ืง, ืึธื˜ 
ื“ืึธืก! 

ืžืขื ื“ืขืœืข ื•ื•ื™ืœ ื“ื™ ืื™ื™ื‘ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜... 

ืึท ืกืš ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–, ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื˜ืจืฒึทื™ืข ืœืขื–ืขืจ ื’ืœืฑื‘ืŸ ืึทื– ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ... ืขืจ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืึทืœืฒืŸ, ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ 
ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ืžืขื ื“ืขืœืข ืื™ื– ืื•ืžืจื•ื™ึทืง, ืื™ื ื‘ืึทืคึผืึทืœื˜ ืึท ืคึผื—ื“ ืฐืึธืก ืึธื ื‘ืึทืœืึทื ื’ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืึธ ืื™ื™ื‘ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ... ืขืคึผืขืก 
ืื™ื– ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฆืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ... 

ื‘ื™ืึทืœื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื™ื ืข ื–ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืžืขื ื“ืขืœืขืŸ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ืึทื– ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื™ืึธืจ ื ืึธื›ืŸ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ืŸ ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืœืขื•ื, 
ื ืึธืš ืึท ืœืึทื ื’ืŸ ืงืจืึทื ืง ื–ืฒึทืŸ, ื ืึธืš ื“ืขื ืฐื•ื™ ื“ืขืจ ืจื™ื– ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคื•ืœืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืืฒื™ื ื’ืขื‘ืจืึธื›ืŸ, -- ืึทื– ืึท ืจื™ื– 
ื‘ืจืขื›ื˜ื– ื–ื™ืš ืืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื– ืขืจ ื ืึธืš ืงืœืขื’ืœืขื›ืขืจ, ื ืึธืš ื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืจื™ืงืขืจ, -- ืคื•ื ื“ืขืกื˜ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื—ืœื•ืžื˜ ืขืจ ื ืึธืš: 
ืึธื ื”ืฒื™ื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื ื™... 

ืึท ืงื ืึทืคึผืขืจ ื ืฒึทื ืฆื™ืงืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื ื™ื™. 

ืึธ, ืขืจ ืงืขืŸ ื“ืขื ื”ืขืจืœืขื›ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืžื•ืจืื“ื™ืงืŸ ืฐื•ึผื ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืฐืฒึทื–ืŸ ืื™ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ืฉืึทืคืŸ - ืึธื ื”ืฒื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื ื™ื™! 

ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื™ื›ืข ืžื™ื˜ืขืœืข ื™ืึธืจืŸ ื‘ืจืขื›ื˜ ืขืจ ืึธืคึผ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืจืฒึทื™ื‘ืŸ, ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืงื•ื ืกื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื ืขืžื˜ 
ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืฃ ื ืฒึทืข ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ, ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืึธืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื ืฒึท, ื‘ืฒึทื˜ ื“ืขื ืกื˜ื™ืœ ื–ืฒึทื ืขื, ื“ืขื ื›ืึทืจืึทืงื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขื 
ื’ืึทื ืฆืŸ ืึทืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืจื™ืฉืŸ ื‘ืึทื ืขืžืขืŸ. ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืฒึทื˜ ืื™ื– ืื™ื ื’ืขืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ืก'ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ 
ื‘ืฒึทื˜, ืึท ืฐื•ึผื ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืขืก ื’ืขืฉืขืŸ. ื ืึธืจ ืฐื™ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื“ืขืจ ืฐื•ึผื ื“ืขืจ ื–ืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ, ื•ื™ ื“ืขืจื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืขืจ ืื™ื–-- 
ื“ืขืจืฉืจืขืงื˜ ืขืจ ืื•ื ื“ื–... ืžืขื ื“ืขืœืข ืื™ื– ืฉื˜ืึทืจืง, ืึท ืฉื˜ืึทืจืงืข ื ืึทื˜ื•ืจ, ื•ื™ ื ืขืžื˜ ืขืก ืึท ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืื•ืŸ 
ืžืึทื›ื˜ ืึท ืžื—ืง ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืคืขืจืฆื™ืง-ืคื•ืคืฆื™ืง ื™ืึธืจ ื’ืฒึทืกื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜? ื“ืขืจ ืฐื•ึผื ื“ืขืจ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ื– 
ื’ืขืฉืขืŸ... ืคืึทืจ ืฐืึธืก ื–ืึธืœ ืขืก ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฉืขืŸ... ืึทืš! ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงืจื•ื‘ ื ืฒึทื ืฆื™ืงืขืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืคื™ื–ื™ืฉ ื ื™ื˜ 
ื’ืขื‘ืจืึธื›ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ - ืฐืึทืœื˜ ืืคืฉืจ ื“ื™ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ืื•ืžืฐืึทื ื“ืœื•ื ื’ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื ืึธืš ืึท ืžืึธืœ, ืึท ื“ืจื™ื˜ืŸ ืžืึธืœ... . 
ื’ืœื•ื™ื‘ื˜! ื’ืœื•ื™ื‘ื˜! ืฐืฒึทืœ ื˜ืึธืžืขืจ ื’ืœื•ื™ื‘ื˜ ืื™ืจ ื ื™ื˜, ืคืึทืจืœื™ืจื˜ ืื™ืจ ื—ืœื™ืœื”, ืขืคึผืขืก ืฐืึธืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ 
ืื•ืžืฐืึทื ื“ืœื•ื ื’ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืจ. 

ืขืจ ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ืžืขื ื“ืขืœืข ืึทืœืฒืŸ, ืื™ื–, ืฐื™ ืขืก ืฐืฒึทื–ื˜ ืื•ื™ืก, ืฆืฒึทื˜ื ืฐืฒึทื– ืึทืจืฒึทื ื’ืขืคืึทืœืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืกืคืงื•ืช... ื“ื™ 
ืื•ืžืฐืึทื ื“ืœื•ื ื’ ื˜ืึทืงืข, ืคึผืฒึทืŸ, ืคืฒึทื™ืŸ... ืฆื•ึน ืื™ื™ื‘ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืคืขืœื˜ ื ืึธืš, ืคืขืœื˜ ืขืคึผืขืก ืฐืึธืก... 


ืื™ื™ื‘ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜! ืื•ื™ื‘ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื™ื‘ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืึทืœืข ืžืึธืœ ื’ืขืคื™ืœื˜, ื’ืขื‘ืขื ืงื˜ ื ืึธืš ืื™ื™ื‘ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ 
ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง, ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืขืœื˜ืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก ื ืขื ื˜ืขืจ ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจืขื ืขืฅ, ืึทืœืฅ ืงืจืึทืคึผื˜ื”ืึทืคึผื˜ืขืจ 


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ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืงืœืึทืžืขืจื˜ ืึธืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื ืงืœืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืื™ื™ื‘ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ืก-ืžื–ื‘ื—, ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื˜ื™ืฉ, ืื™ืŸ 
ืึธื“ืขืก. | | 
ื•ืขืจ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึธื“ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ื“ืขื ืžืึทื™ืขืกื˜ืขื˜ื™ืฉืŸ ืึทืœื˜ืŸ, ื‘ืฒึท ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ืฉืจืฒึทื™ื‘ื˜ื™ืฉ, ื˜ื™ืฃ, ืื™ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ื–ืึทืœ ืื•ืŸ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ื ื“ื™ืง, ืื•ืžื“ืขืจืžื™ื“ืœืขืš ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ื ื“ื™ืง... ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืคืฉืจ 
ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืฐืฒึทืœ ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื, ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜, "ื’ืขืจื•ืคึผืขื˜", ื’ืขืึทืจื˜, ื’ืขื‘ืจืขื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืขืฆืžื•ืช... ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื™ื‘ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜! 

ืขืจ, ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ื—ื›ื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืขืช-ืžืขืฉื‚ื” ืคืึทืจื’ืขืกืŸ ื“ืขื ื›ึผืœืœ ืฐืึธืก ืึทื–ืึท ื—ื›ื˜ ื“ืึทืจืฃ ืขืก ื’ืขื“ืขื ืงืขืŸ: 
ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื“ืึธืก ืฐืึธืก ืขืก "ืจื•ืคึผืขื˜" ืื•ื ื“ื–, ืึทื– ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ ืขืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืœื™ื›ึผื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜, ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉืึทื ืกืŸ 
ืฆื• ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ืŸ ืืฒื™ื‘ื™ืง. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื™ืขื’ ื ืึธืš ืื™ืจ, ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจืœืึธื–ืŸ ื•ืึทื–ื– ืขื™ืงืจ... ื“ื™ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืข, 
ื•ื™ ืื™ื ื˜ืขื ืกื™ื•ื•, ื•ื™ ื ื•ืฆืœืขืš, ืฐื•ื™ ืื•ื™ืกืขืจื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืœืขืš ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ, ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทืคึผืจื™ื™ืขืŸ 
ื–ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฐืึธืก "ืจื•ืคึผืขื˜" ืึทืžืžืฒื ืกื˜ืŸ, ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื’ืขื‘ืจื•ื™ื–ื˜, ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ 
"ืขื ื˜ืœืึทืกื˜ืขื˜", ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึทืจืฒึทื ื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืฉื™ืคืœ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืจื•ื“ืขืจื˜, ื’ืขืจื•ื“ืขืจื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืœื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ 
ืฉื˜ืึทืจืงืข ื”ืขื ื˜ ืฆื•ื ืืฒื™ื‘ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ืก-ืฐืึทืกืขืจ... | 

ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืงื ืึทืคึผ ืฐืึธืก ื’ืขืฉืึทืคืŸ ื ืฒึทืขืก, ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆื˜, ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ 
ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ื•ืขืจืง ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืฐื•ึผื ื“ืขืจื‘ืึทืจืŸ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ึดืฉ... ื“ืขืจ ื ืฒึทืขืจ ืกื˜ื™ืœ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืขืก ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื’ืขืฆื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืึทืœืขืžืขื ืก ืื•ื™ืคืžืขืงื–ืึทืžืงืฒื˜, ืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืึธืš ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึทื–ืึท ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ึดืฉ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ... 
ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ! | 
ื“ื™ ื•ืขืจืง ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ (ืึทืŸ| ืขืœื™ื” ... ื“ืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžืขื ื“ืขืœืขืก ื ืฒึทืข ื•ื•ืขืจืง, ื–ื™ 
ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฆืขืจ, ืจืฒึทื›ืขืจ, ืงืขืจื ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ... ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืจืง ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึท ืžืึธืœ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื 
ื’ืขื‘ืจื•ื™ื–ื˜! ื–ื™ ื’ืขื”ืขืจืŸ ืฆื•ื ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ. ืึทืคื™ืœื• ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธืจื™ื’ื™ื ืขืœืข ื•ื•ืขืจืง ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืขืจ ื’ืขืฉืึทืคึฟืŸ, ื‘ืฒึท ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืฐื•ึผื ื“ืขืจืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืœืงื•ืžืงื™ื™ื˜, ืžืึทื›ืŸ ื–ื™ 
ื“ืขื ืืฒึทื ื“ืจื•ืง ื•ื™ ื–ื™ื™ ืฐืึธืœื˜ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื‘ืึทืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ... ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืฒึทืข ื›ึผืชื•ื‘ื™ื ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื“ืึธืžื™ื ื™ืจื˜ 
ื“ืขืจ ื’ืœืขื ืฆื ื“ืขืจ ืกื˜ื™ืœ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืึทืœืฅ. ืžืขื ื“ืขืœืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืึทื–ืฑ ืœืึทื ื’ ื‘ืึทื”ืขืจืฉื˜ ื“ืขื ืกื˜ื™ืœ, ื‘ื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืกื˜ื™ืœ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืœืกื•ืฃ ื‘ืึทื”ืขืจืฉื˜ ื“ืขื ืžืฒึทืกื˜ืขืจ, ืžืขื ื“ืขืœืขืŸ. ื“ืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ืคึผืึทืกื™ืจื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ื™ืึทืœื™ืงืŸ ืื™ืŸ 
ื‘ื™ืึทืœื™ืงืก ืคึผืจืึธื–ืข. | 

ืžืขื ื“ืขืœืข ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก ื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืžืขื ื“ืขืœืข? ืฐืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืŸ ืžืขื ื“ืขืœืขืก ื”ืึทืจืฆืŸ ื˜ื•ื˜ 
ื–ื™ืš ... ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ื“ืขื ืื™ื™ื‘ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ืก-ื“ื•ื™ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืงื•ื ืกื˜ ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืึทืจืฑืก ... ืขืก ืœืึธื–ื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ืึทื ืึทืœืึธื’ื™ืฉ ืคืึทืจื’ืœื™ื™ื›ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื™ ืฆื•ื ืœืขื‘ืŸ ... ืฆื™ ืžืึทื›ื˜ ืขืจ ืขืก ื•ื™ ื™ืขื ืข ืžืึทืžืข: ื–ื™ ืฉืจืฒึทื˜ 
ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื›ื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื™ื ื˜ ื“ื™ ืฉื ื•ืจ ... ืขืจ ืฉืจืฒึทื˜: ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืœืขื‘ืŸ! ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ืžื™ื™ื ื˜ ืขืจ: ืžืฒึทืŸ 
ืฐืขืจืง! ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื‘ืขืจื‘ืœืฒื™ื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทื™ืŸ ืฐืขืจืง, ื“ืึธืก ื•ืขืœืŸ ืžืขืจ ื•ื™ ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฆืฐืึทื ืฆื™ืง ื™ืึธืจ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ 
ืžืขืจ ื•ื™ ืึท ืคืึธืจืฐืึทื ื˜, ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืคืึทืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืึทืคืŸ ืื™ื™ื‘ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜! ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื ื™ื™ืŸ! ื“ืึธืก ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ... ืขืจ ืžื™ื™ื ื˜ 
ื–ื™ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืŸ, ื“ืึธืก ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื˜ืึทืงืข ืื•ื™ืš! 

ืžืขื ื“ืขืœืขืก ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ื– ืจืฒึทืš, ืจืฒึทื›ืขืจ ื ืึธืš ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทื’ืขื‘ื ืงืฒื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืึทืฐืึทื ื˜ื•ืจืœืขื›ืงืฒื˜ืŸ ื•ื™ ื–ืฒึทื™ืŸ ืฉืึทืคืŸ, 

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ืื•ื™ื‘ ื ื™ื˜ ืจืฒึทื›ืขืจ, ืžื™ืกื˜ืขืจื™ืขื–ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืขืก ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืก ื“ืึธืก ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืึทืคึผื•ืœืขืจ ืขื™ืœื•ื™ึดืฉืŸ 
ื™ื•ื ื’ื ืžืึทื ื˜ืฉื™ืง. ืึท ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ืœืขืจื ืขืจ, ืึทืŸ ืื™ื™ื“ืขืœืขืจ, ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืึทื ืฆืขืจ ืืฆื™ืœื•ืช ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืขืกืขืจืŸ 
ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”-ืžืึทืŸ, ืจืฒึทืกื˜ ืขืจ ืคึผืœื•ืฆืœื™ื ื’ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื“ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืงืึธืžืคึผืึทื ื™ืข 
ืึธืจืฆืžืข-ืœืฒื˜, ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ืœื™ื ื“ืข, ืžื™ื˜ ืœืึธืžืข, ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืกื˜ืข ืงืึทืœื™ืงืขืก, ืฐืึทื ื“ืขืจื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื˜ืœ ืฆื• 
ืฉื˜ืขื˜ืœ ... ื“ืขืจ ืึธ ืึทืฐืขืงื’ืึทื ื’ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื‘ืขื˜ืœืขืจ ืื™ื– ืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ื ืึท ืกื•ื“, ื ื™ื˜ ืขืจ, ื ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ื ืข ื•ื•ืขืจืง ื“ืขืงืŸ ื ื™ื˜ 
ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืึธืก ื’ืขื”ื™ื™ืž{ืข}ื ื™ืฉ, ื ื™ื˜ ืึทืคื™ืœื• ื–ืฒึทืŸ "ืคื™ืฉืงืข ื“ืขืจ ืงืจื•ืžืขืจ" ... ื—ื™ื“ื” ื”ื™ื ื•ืชื”ื™ ืœื—ื™ื“ื”! 

ืขืจ ื‘ืจืขื›ื˜ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืึธืคึผ ืื•ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™! ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืคืึทืจืฐืึธืจืคืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืœืึทื ื’ืข ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึธืœื™ืŸ... ื“ื™ ื™ืึธืจืŸ 
! ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฉื™ื˜ืึธืžื™ืจ, ื“ื™ ื–ืฉื™ื˜ืึธืžื™ืจืขืจ ืจืึทื‘ื™ื ืขืจ-ืฉื•ืœ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึทืจื•ื-ืื™ืจ, ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ืึธื“ืขืก ... ื“ืขืจ 
ืึธืคึผืคึผืึทืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื–ื•ืŸ ... ืžืขื ื“ืขืœืข-- ืึธืคื˜ ืฆื• ื’ืึทืกื˜ ื‘ืฒึทื™ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขืฉืžื“ื˜ืŸ ื–ื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืขื˜ืขืจืกื‘ื•ืจื’, ืึทืœืฅ 
ื”ืึทืœื‘ ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ืข ื–ืึทื›ืŸ ... ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืึธืจ ืงืœืึธืจืข. ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื“ืึธืก ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืžืขื ื“ืขืœืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ ... 
ืื•ื ื“ื– ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืึท ืคืŸ, ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืข ื–ืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืคื•ืœืขืจ ืžื˜ื‘ืข, ื“ืขืจ ื’ืœืึทื ืฆื™ืงืขืจืขืจ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ืจื™ืœื™ืึทื ื˜, ืœืึธืžื™ืจ ื“ืึธืก ื•ืขืจืง, ื“ืึธืก ืžืขื ื“ืขืœืขืฉืข ื”ื™ื˜ืŸ, ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ื–ื™, ืคืึทืจืฉืคึผืจืฒื˜ืŸ .. 
ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื–ื™ ืคืึทืจื”ื™ื˜ืŸ ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื™ื‘ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜? ืืคืฉืจ, ืขืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื‘ืฒึท ืžืขื ื“ืขืœืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื›ืขืจ ื“ืึธ 
ืฉื™ื™ื ืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืคืึทืจื•ื•ืขืœืงืŸ ื ื™ื˜, ื”ืขืจืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืฑืขืจ, ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืึท ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจ, ืึท ืงืึทืœื˜ืขืจ 

. ื ื™ื˜ ืึทืœืข ืžืึธืœ ืื™ื– ืขืก ืึท ืคืขืœืขืจ, 

ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืึท ืงืึทืœื˜ืขืจ ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจ, ืขืจ ืžืึทื›ื˜ ื–ื™ ื“ื™ ืฐืฑึผื ื“ืขืจ ืžืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืงื•ื ืกื˜, ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ืžืฒึทืกื˜ืขืจืฉืึทืคื˜, ืžื™ื˜ ืงืึธืคึผ ืื•ืŸ ืฐื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฅ, ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืงืึทืœื˜, ืขื›ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืจื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื™ ืึท 
ืงืฐืึทืœ ืื•ืŸ ืงืึทืœื˜. ืก'ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืฉืœื•ื-ืขืœื™ื›ืžืก ื”ื•ืžืึธืจ, ืก'ืื™ื– ืกืึทื˜ื™ืจืข, ืก'ืื™ื– ืกื˜ื™ืœ ืื•ืŸ 
| ืืฑืกื’ืขื”ืึทืœื˜ื ืงืฒื˜ ... ืœื™ื‘ืข-- ืฐืฒื™ื ื™ืง. ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืžืึทื›ื˜. ื ื™ื˜ ืึทืœืข ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจ ื“ืึทืจืคืŸ ื–ื™ืš 
ืื•ื ื“ื– ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื‘ืข! ื–ืฒึท ืคืจื™ึทื™ ืื•ืŸ ืืžืชื“ื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืึทืคืŸ. ืฉืึทืฃ ืฐืึธืก ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฅ ื’ืœื•ืกื˜. 
ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื‘ื™ืช-ืงื™ื‘ื•ืœ ืื™ื– ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืขื™ืŸ-ื”ืจืข ื ื™ื˜, ื’ืขื ื•ื’ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก, ืขืจ ืฐืขื˜ ืขืก ืึทืจืฒึทื ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื•ืฆืจ, 
- ืื•ื™ืคืขืกืŸ ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจื“ื™ื™ืขืŸ, ืžืขืŸ ืฉืคึผืฒึทื™ื–ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืฃ ื’ืึธื˜ืก ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื ืึธืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืœื™ื‘ืข. 

ืฆื•ื ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืง ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืฐืึธืก ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืžืึทื˜ื™ืง ืžืขื ื“ืขืœืขืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืจื•ื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื•ื•ืขืจืง { ื ื•ื™ื˜ื™ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ 
ืึท ืงืึทืคึผื™ื˜ืฉืงืข ืœื™ื‘ืข... 

ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืžืึทื˜ื™ืง, ื“ืขืจ ืชึผื•ืš ืคื•ืŸ ืžืขื ื“ืขืœืขืก ืฉืึทืคืŸ, ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจืง ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ื›ืขืจ ืžืึธืœืขืจื™ืฉืงืฒื˜, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ ื–ืึธืœืŸ 
ื‘ืึทื”ืฑื›ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ ืฐืึธืœื˜ืŸ ื’ืขืึธื˜ืขืžื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืœื™ื‘ืข, ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื–ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ื ืึธืจ ื’ืขืฐืึทืจืขืžื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืื™ืŸ 
ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื’ืขืคืจื•ื™ืจื ืงื™ื™ื˜, ื–ื™ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื“ืขืจื’ืึทื ืฆื˜ ื“ืึธืก ื•ืขืจืง, ื“ืขื ืืžืชืŸ ืชึผื™ืงื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ, ื’ืขืฉืึธื ืงืขืŸ 
ืื™ื ืื™ื™ื‘ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜, ื ืึธืš ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจ ืื™ื– ืื•ืกื’ืขื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ. 


ื‘. ืงืึทื‘ืฆืึทื ืกืง 

ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ ืคื™ื ืฃ ื™ืึธืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืื™ื ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ, ืžืขื ื“ืขืœืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื“ืึธ ืึท ืจื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ื™ืฉ-ืื•ึผืžืจื™ื ืึทื– 
ืงื ืึทืคึผืข ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ ืฆืขืŸ ื™ืึธืจ! ื ืึธืจ, ื•ื™ ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืžืขื ื“ืขืœืข: "ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืึธืก ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ืื•ื™ืกืŸ"... ืžืื” ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ื™ื™ 
ืžืขื ื“ืขืœืขืŸ, ืื™ื– ื›ึผื™ื•ื ืื—ื“ ... ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ ื™ืึธืจ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืื™ื ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜. 


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ื”ืœื•ื•ืึทื™! ื”ืœืฐื•ืึทื™ ื–ืึธืœ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืฒึท ืื•ื ื“ื– ืขืœื˜ืขืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืขืœื˜ืขืจืŸ! 

ื“ืขืจ ื”ืœืฐืึทื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืฒึท ืžื™ืจ ืึทืจืฑืกื’ืขื›ืึทืคึผื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึทืœื™ื™ืŸ, ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืจื™ื›ื˜, ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ 
ืื™ื ืึทืจืฑืกื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืึท ืฐืฒึทืœืข ืฉื˜ืึธืงืŸ ... ืฐืึธืก ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜: ื”ืœื•ื•ืึทื™? ืื™ื– ื“ืขืŸ ื‘ืฒึท ืžื™ืจ ืึท ืกืคืง? 
ืก'ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜, ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ืฉ ืžื™ืจ ืึท ื–ืึทืš ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฆืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ืึทื– ืขืก ืฐืขื˜ ื’ืขืฉืขืŸ, 
ืก'ืื™ื– ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืขืก ืึท ืชึผืคื™ืœื” ... ืก'ืื™ื– ืึท ืขื ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ืžืขืŸ ื“ืึทืจืฃ ืžืชืคึผืœืœ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ... ื•ืขืงืŸ ื‘ืฒึทื ืจื‘ื•ื ื•" 
ืฉืœ-ืขื•ืœื ืจื—ืžื™ื ืคืึทืจืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ, ืืžืช ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจ ืื•ื ื“ื–, ื“ืขืจ ืขื™ืงืจ ืคืึทืจ ืื•ื ื“ื–, ื”ื’ื 
ืื•ื ื“ื– ืœืฒึทื›ื˜ ืึทืจืฑืก ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ื™ืคืŸ ื—ื•ืฉืš ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื™ืขืฆื˜ ืคืึทืจื–ื•ื ืงืขืŸ, ืึท ื ืฒึท ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ 
ืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืึธืจ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜. ืึทืŸ ืึธื ื–ืึธื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืกืขืจืข ื˜ืขื’ ืคืึทืจืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ื’ืขืคึผืฒึทื ื™ืงื˜ืŸ ืคืึธืœืง, ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ 
ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึฟืึทืจืกืžื˜ืขืจ ืœื•ืคื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ืขื ื’ืฉืึทืคึผื˜ืŸ... ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืš -- ืฐืขื˜ ืขืก ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืึทืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืง ืื™ืŸ 
ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื’ืœื™ืง ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืคืึทืจื’ืขืกืŸ ืžืขื ื“ืขืœืขืก ืงืึทื‘ืฆืึทื ืกืง, ืก'ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืงืึทื‘ืฆืึทื ืกืง... ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ 
ืึทืœืข ืงืึทื‘ืฆืึทื ืกืงืขืจ, ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึทื‘ืฆืึทื ืกืง, ื ื™ื˜ืึธ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืฆื• ืฉืขืžืขืŸ. ืงืึทื‘ืฆืึทื ืกืง ื”ืึธื˜ ืงื™ื™ื ืขื ื ื™ื˜ 
ื‘ืึทื’ื ื‘ืขื˜, ืงืึทื‘ืฆืึทื ืกืง ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ืื™ืจ ืืฒื’ื ืึทืจื˜ื™ืง ืœืขื‘ืŸ... ืงื™ื™ื ืขื ื ื™ื˜ ื ืึธื›ื’ืขืžืึทื›ื˜, ื ื™ื˜ 
ื ืึธื›ื’ืขืงืจื™ืžื˜, ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืงืึทื‘ืฆืึทื ืกืง ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืœืขื‘ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืงืฒื˜, ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ, ืึทืŸ ืึธืจืขื ืœืขื‘ืŸ 
ื˜ืึทืงืข, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืึทืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ื ืก, ืึธืจืขื ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืึทื ื“, ื ื™ื˜ืึธ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืฆื• ืฉืขืžืขืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ, ื“ืขืจ 
ืžืฒึทื™ืกื˜ืขืจ, ืžืขื ื“ืขืœืข, ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืจ ืคึฟืึทืจืฉืึธื ืงืขืŸ, ื“ืขืจ ืงืึทื‘ืฆืึทื ืกืง ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื™ื‘ื™ืงืข ืœืขื‘ืŸ! ืก'ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜: 
ื”ืœื•ื•ืึทื™... ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐื•ึผื ื˜ืฉืŸ! ืฐืฒึทืœ ืงืึทื‘ืฆืึทื ืกืง ืื™ื– ืึทืŸ ืขื˜ืึทืคึผ, ืึทืŸ ืขื˜ืึทืคึผ ืื™ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ! ื“ืขืจ 
"ื•ื™ื—ื ื•, ื•ื™ืกืขื•..." ืื™ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืื™ื™ื‘ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ืก-ื•ื•ืขื’ ืื™ื– ืึท ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ืขื ื™ืŸ, ื‘ืฒึท ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ืขืจืกื˜ืข ืงืฐืึทืœืŸ ืื™ืŸ 
ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื“ืึทืจืฃ ืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึท ืžืึธืœ ืึธืคึผืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืžืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืœืฒึทื˜ืขืจืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผื™ึทื™ืŸ, ืžืขืจ ืฐื•ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื 
ืึธืึทื–ื™ืก, ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืžืขื ื“ืขืœืขืš ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื“ืึธ ืžืขืจ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜, ืขืจ ื“ืขืงื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืžืขืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ, ืขืจ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทืœื˜ื™ืงื˜ 
ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืžืขืจ... ืงืึทื‘ืฆืึทื ืกืง ืื™ื– ืึท ืฉื-ื“ื‘ืจ! ืึท ืงืึธืžืคึผืœื™ืฆื™ืจื˜ืข ื–ืึทืš, ืึท ืคืึทืจื•ื•ื™ืงืœื˜ืข ื”ืœื›ื”! ืงืึทื‘ืฆืึทื ื˜ืง 
ืื™ื– ืžืขืจ ื•ื™ ื’ื•ืฉืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืŸ ืžืฆืจื™ื, ืื•ืŸ ืžืขืจ ื•ื™ ื“ืึธืก ืึทืžืึธืœื™ืงืข ืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ, ืงืึทื‘ืฆืึทื ืกืง ืื™ื– ื’ื•ืฉืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ, ืึท ืคึผื•ืขืœ-ื™ื•ืฆื ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืŸ, ืึท ื’ืขืžื™ืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืŸ ื–ื™ื™... ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึทื‘ืฆืึทื ืกืง ืื™ื– 
ืึทืจืฑืกื’ืขืฐืึทืงืกืŸ, ืฐืึทืงืกื˜ ืึทืจืฑืก ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“, ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืืžืชืŸ ื”ื“ืจืช-ืคึผื ื™ื, ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืœืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ 
ื•ึทื•ื•ืขื–ืŸ!! ืื™ื– ืงืึทื‘ืฆืึทื ืกืง ืึทื–ืฑ ืึธืจืขื? ืึธ ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืงืึทื‘ืฆืึทื ืกืง ื”ืึธื˜ ืึท ื‘ื™ืช-ืžื“ืจืฉ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื•ึทืจื•ื‘ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืึท 
/ื‘ื™ืช-ืขืœืžื™ืŸ ืึท ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื–ื™ื™, ืื™ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ื™ืช-ืžื“ืจืฉ, ืื™ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ื™ืช-ืขืœืžื™ืŸ -- ืึธื ื’ืขืคึผืจืึธืคึผื˜ ืžื™ื˜ 
ืฉื™ื™ื ืข ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ. ืฉื™ื™ื ืข ื˜ืึทืงืข, ืฉื™ื™ื ืข! ืขื™ื™ื–ืฅ: ืžืขื“ืขืœืขืก ื•ืขืจืง, ืฐื•ึผ ืขืจ ืžืึธืœื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ืึทืœืขืžืขืŸ ืึธืคึผ ... ืึทื– 
ืžืขื ื“ืขืœืข ืžืึธืœื˜ ืฉื™ื™ื ืข ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ -- ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ ืฉื™ื™ืŸ, ืื•ื™ืฃ ืžืขื ื“ืขืœืขืŸ ืžืขื’ ืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคืึทืจืœืึธื–ืŸ! ืขืจ ืžืึทื›ื˜ 
ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืžื—ื–ืงื•ืช ื ื™ื˜ ... ืขืจ ื’ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ ืื•ื ื“ื–, ื“ื™ ืงืึทื‘ืฆืึทื ืกืงืขืจ, ืึธื˜ ื•ื™ ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ, ืขืจ 
ืคืึทืจืฉืขื ืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ ื ื™ื˜. 

ืงืึทื‘ืฆืึทื ืกืง ืื™ื– ืึธื ื’ืขืคึผืจืึธืคึผื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืœืขืจื ืขืจ, ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ืขืœื™-ืขื’ืœื•ืช, ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ืขืœื™-ื˜ืึทืงืกืขืก ื˜ืึทืงืข ืื•ื™ืš 
ืื•ืŸ ื›ื ื’ื“ ื–ื”-- ืžื™ื˜ ืึธืจืขืžืข-ืœืฒึทื˜, ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืกืš ืึธืจืขืžืข-ืœืฒึทื˜ ื•ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช-ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ืžื™ื˜ ื›ึผื”ื ื™ื 
ืื•ืŸ ืœื•ื•ื™ื™ื... ืขืก ื•ื•ื™ืžืœื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืงืึทื‘ืฆืึทื ืกืง ืคื•ืŸ ืึธืจืขืžืข-ืœืฒื˜, ืขืก ืงืึธื›ื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื“ืึธืก ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ? 
ืœืขื‘ืŸ, ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืœืขื‘ื ืกืึทืจื˜... ืึท, ืงืึทื‘ืฆืึทื ืกืง ืื™ื– ื’ืึธืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืึทื–ืฑ ืฉื˜ืึทืจืง ืงืึทื‘ืฆืึทื ืกืง, ืœึนื ื›ืฉืžื” 


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ื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื... ืงืึทื‘ืฆืึทื ืกืง ื“ืึทืจืฃ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจื’ืขืกืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ, ืคืึทืจื’ืขืกืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืฐืึธืก ื”ืขืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ! ืงืึทื‘ืฆืึทื ืกืง 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜, ืงืึทื‘ืฆืึทื ืกืง ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคืึทืจืฐืึทื ื“ืœื˜, ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคืึทืจื•ืึทื ื“ืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืืจืฅ- 
ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช, ืื™ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืคึฟืจืฒึทื”ืฒื™ื˜ืก-ื‘ืึทื•ื•ืขื’ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ืึทืœืข ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ 
ืคืึทืจื’ืึทื ื’ืขื ื”ืฒื˜ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืงืึทื‘ืฆืึทื ืกืง ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื•ื•ืขื‘ื˜. 

ืžืขื ื“ืขืœืข ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ืžืึธืœืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึทื‘ืฆืึทื ืกืง - 

ืึทืš, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืขื ืขืจ ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจื›ืึทืคึผื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืฉ ื›ึผืœื”, ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ 
ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ืœืžืขืกื™ืงื™ื™ื˜, ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ืœืžืขืกื™ืงืขืจ, ืงืึทืจื™ืขืจื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ, ื“ืึทืžืึธืœืกื˜ื“ื™ืงืขืจ 
ืื™ื ื˜ืขืœื™ื’ืขื ืฅ, -- ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ ื’ืขืงืจื™ืฆื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืคืขื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ 
ื—ื•ืฉืš ืื•ืŸ ืึธืจืขืžืงืฒื˜, ืื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืกืขืœืข ืฐืึทืจืขืžืงืฒื˜, ื”ืึทืจืฆื™ืงืฒื˜ ืฆื• ืงืึทื‘ืฆืึทื ืกืง ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืขืจ ืื™ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ 
ืงืึทื‘ืฆืึทื ืกืง ืคืึทืจืืฒื™ื‘ื™ืงื˜, ื•ื™ ืคืึทื ืจืืฒื™ื‘ื™ืงื˜} ืขืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื ื“ืขื ื–ื™ื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ืคืึธืœืง ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ ืื•ืŸ 
ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ืื•ื™ืš ื–ื™ืš... 

ื“ื™ ื”ืฉื›ึผืœื” ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืึทืจื›ืึทืคึผื˜, ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืึทืจื›ืึทืคึผื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ื™ ืงืœื™ื’ืกื˜ืข, ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทื’ืึทื‘ื˜ืกื˜ืข, ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื”ืึทื˜ 
ืึท ืจื™ื™ืฅ ืื•ื™ืš ืึทืŸ ืื•ื™ืกืขืจืœืขื›ืŸ, ืก'ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ืจื™ืžื•ืŸ, ืึท ื’ืจืึทื ืึทื˜-ืขืคึผืœ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืฉื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืงืœื™ืคึผื”, ืึท 
ืฉืึธืœืขื›ืฅ ื ื™ื˜ ืึทืฐืขืงืฆื•ึผืฐืึทืจืคึฟืŸ... ื“ื™ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืข "ื‘ืช-ื”ืฉืžื™ื" ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืึทืจืฉืœืขืคึผื˜ ืึท ืกืš ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ 
ื‘ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ื™ื•ื’ื ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื’ื•ื™ึดืฉืข ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“, ืฐื•ึผ ื–ื™ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฆืŸ, ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ 
ื”ืึทืœื‘... ื™ืขื ืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืงื ืึทืคึผ ืฐืึธืก ื’ืขืฐื•ึผื ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืคืึทืจืœืฑืจืŸ. ืึท ืกืš ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ, ื ืขื‘ืขืš, ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–, 
ืก'ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜, ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–, ืคืึทืจื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ, ืึทื–ืฑ ืฐื•ื™ ื‘ืขืœ-ื›ึผืจื—ืŸ, ื’ืขื ื™ื™ื˜... ื’ืขื ื™ื™ื˜ืข ืœื™ื‘ืข... ืื™ื– ืขื ืœืขื›ืขืจ ืฆื• 
ืฉื ืื” ื•ื™ ืฆื• ืœื™ื‘ืข... ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืžื•ืกืจ, ื’ืขืฉื˜ืจืึธืคื˜, ืึธื ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืคืขืœืขืจืŸ, ื’ืขื–ื•ื›ื˜ ื–ื™ื™, 
ื’ืขื ื™ืฉื˜ืขืจื˜... ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขืœื•ืช. 

ืคืขืœืขืจืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ืคืขืœืขืจืŸ, ื“ืขืจ ืขื™ืงืจ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขืœื•ืช. ืžืขืœื•ืช ืคื•ืŸ ืึท 
ืคืึธืœืง, ืื•ื™ื‘ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ื™, ื–ื™ืฆืŸ ื–ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ื™ืคืขืจ ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ื—ืกืจื•ื ื•ืช... ื“ืขืจืฆื• ื ืึธืš ื˜ืึธืจืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ 
ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื ื•ื’ ืœื™ื‘, ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืึทืœืึธื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ืœื™ื‘ืข ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืคืึธืœืง, ืฉื˜ืจืึธืคึฟืŸ ืื™ื 
ืื•ืŸ ืึธื ืฐื•ืฒึทื–ืŸ ืื™ื ื–ืฒื™ื ืข ืคืขืœืขืจืŸ... ืึท ื˜ืึทื˜ืข ืžืขื’ ืึทืœืฅ, ืึทืคื™ืœื• ืึท ืงืœืึทืคึผ ื˜ืึธืŸ, ืึท ื˜ืึทื˜ืข ืฐืขื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ 
ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืขื•ื•ืœื” ื ื™ื˜ ื˜ืึธืŸ, ื“ื™ ืœื™ื‘ืข ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืฆื• ืื™ื, ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขื–ืึทืคึผื˜-- ื“ืขืจืœื•ื™ื‘ื˜ ืขืก ืื™ื, 
ืœืฒื™ื’ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ื ืึทืจืฑืฃ ื“ืขื ื—ื•ื‘. ืึท ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจ-- ืžืขื’ ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื•ื™ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก-- ื˜ืึธืจ ืขืก ื ื™ื˜. 

ืฉืึทืฃ, ืฉืจืฒื™ื‘, ืžืึธืœ-- - ื ืึธืจ ืฉื˜ืจืึธืคืŸ ื ื™ื˜! ืึธืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื”ืขืจื™ืงืขืจ ืœื™ื‘ืข ื‘ื™ืกื˜ื• ืฆื• ื“ืขื ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืึทืจื•ืคึฟืŸ! 

ืžืขื ื“ืขืœืขืก ืงืจื™ืฆืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ื—ืกืจื•ื ื•ืช, ืึทืคื™ืœื• ืืžืชืข, ื”ืึธื˜ ืฐืฒื™ื ื™ืง ื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ื–ืึทืžืขืก 
ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืฉื˜ืจืึธืคืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื ืึทืžืึธืœื™ืงืŸ ืžื•ื›ื™ื—. ื“ืขืจ ื ื‘ื™ื ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืจืึธืคื˜, ืฐืฒึทืœ ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื ื–ื™ื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ื ืึธืขื ื˜ 
ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ ื›ึผื“ื™ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืŸ ืื™ื ืื•ืŸ ืืฑืคื›ืึทืคึผืŸ ื‘ืึทื”ืึทืœื˜ืขื ืข ืฉื˜ืจื™ื›ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื ืื•ืŸ ืืฑืคึผืžืึธืœืŸ 
ื–ื™ื™, ื“ืขืจ ื ื‘ื™ื ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ ื ืึธืขื ื˜, ื ืึธืขื ื˜, ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืฐื•ึผ ืžืขืŸ ื”ืขืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืฆื• ื–ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึทืจืงืขืจ ืคื™ืœืŸ, 
ื“ืขืจ ื ื‘ื™ื ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ ื ืึธืขื ื˜, ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ ืึทืจืฒึทื ื’ืขืงืœื™ื‘ืŸ, ื‘ืึทื–ืขืฆื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืึธืจื˜, ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ 
ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ืื™ื ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื“ ื•ื™ ื™ื•ื ื” ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื™ื ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืคื™ืฉ... ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืžืึทื›ื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืึท... 
ืคึผืึธื’ืจืึธื. ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ืจืจื™-ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืึทื–ืฑ ืžื•ืจืื“ื™ืง ื ื™ื˜ ืคึผืึธื’ืจืึธืžื™ืจื˜ ื•ื™ ื“ื™ 


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ื™ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื ืื•ืŸ-- - ืขืก ืื™ื– ืื•ื ื“ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฆื•ึผ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜. | | 

ื“ืขืจ ืžืฉื›ึผื™ืœ; ื“ื•ื•ืงื' ื“ืขืจืคึฟืึทืจ, ืฐืฒึทืœ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš, |ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ -ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืขืจ ืฉื•ื•ืึทื›ืงืฒื˜, ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– 
ื“ืขืจืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจื˜, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ "ืึธืคึผื˜ืจื™ื ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜",,; ื›ึผืžืขื˜ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืึทืฐืกื˜ื•ืฒึทืŸ ื ึถืขืฐื•ืึธืœื˜ ื‘ืึทืจืขื›ื˜ื™ืงืŸ 
ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ืคืขืœืขืจืŸ.. . - - | 

ืึธ ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืขืจืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื›ึผื•ื•ื ื”, ื ืึธืจ ื“ื™ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ื‘ืึทืจืขื›ื˜ื™ืงื•ื ื’ ืคืึทืจืŸ ื“ืขืจืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจืŸ 
ื–ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ... ืงืึทื‘ืฆืึทื ืกืง. ืก'ืื™ื– ืึท ืžื™ืŸ ืžื™ื ื“ืขืจื•ื•ืขืจื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ืก -ื’ืขืคึผื™ืœ. ื‘ืฒึท ืžืฉื•ืžื“ื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืžื™ื ื“ืขืจื•ื•ืขืจื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ืก-ื’ืขืคื™ืœ ื“ืขืจื’ืึทื ื’ืข ื‘ื™ื– ืฉื ืื”, ื‘ื™ื– ืžื™ืื•ืกืขืจ ืฉื ืื”, ื‘ื™ื– ืžืฉื•ื’ืขืช, ื‘ื™ื– ืขืœื™ืœืช- 
ื“ื, ื‘ื™ื– ื˜ืึธืจืงืฐืขืžืึทื“ืขืŸ:ืฆ -. ื™ื™ ื ื™ื™ : : 

ืื™ืš ืจืขื“ ื ื™ื˜ ืžืขืจ ื–ื™ืขืจืคื•ืŸ, ืื™ืš ื˜ืึธืจ ืขืก ื ึดื™ื˜, ืกื™ืื™ื– ืึท ืึท'ื—ื™ืœื•ืœ-ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ: ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืืฑืกืฐื•ึผืจืคึฟืŸ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ื ืึทื˜ื•ืจ ืื•ึผืŸ ืฉืจืฒื™ื‘ืŸ ื•ื  ืื™ื™ื ืขื. !ืคึฟื•ืŸ ) ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ื’ืจืขืกื˜ืข, - ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ื ืกื˜ืข ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจ, ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ 
ืžืขื ื“ืขืœืขืŸ. ื™ื™ ื™ื™ - ื™ | 

ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื’ืขื›ืึทืคึผื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืฉื‚ืคืœื”, ืึท ืฉืคึผืœื™ื˜ืขืจ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ ื“ืขื ื™ืฆืจ-ื”ืจืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื 
ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธืคืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜, ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ื ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–, ! ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ. 

ืึธ ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื“ืขืจ ืžืฉื‚ื›ึผื™ืœ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึทืจืฒึทื ื’ืขื›ืึทืคึผื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืžืขื ื“ืขืœืขืŸ ื”; ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื (ืงื™ื™ืŸ} ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ, 
ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ืึท ืงืึทืคึผื™ื˜ืฉืงืข ืคึฟืึทืจืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืขื’ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื™ื‘ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜, ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจ 
ืคืึทืจื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ "ื“ื‘ืจื™ื -ืฉืœ-ืžื”-ื‘ื›ืš", ืžื™ื˜ "ืฉื”ื™-ืคึผื”ื™", ืžื™ื˜ ืงื˜ื ื•ืช.. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื•ื™ 
! ืึทืœืขืงืกืึทื ื“ืขืจ ืžื•ืงื“ื•ืŸ ื“ื™ืึธื’ืขื ืขืกืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืข ืฉืฒื™ืŸ... 

ืœื™ื’ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคืขืกืœ ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืขืจื’ืกื˜ืข... ืžื™ืจ ืœื™ื’ืŸ, ื ืขื‘ืขืš, ืฉื˜ืึทืจืง ืื™ืŸ ืคืขืกืœ, ื“ื™ ืขืคืขื ื•ื ื’. 
ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื–ื•ืŸ ื˜ืึธืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ืขืœื˜... ืžืขื’ ืขืก ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืึทืจื™ืกื˜ืึธื˜ืขืœืขืก ืึท ืชึผืœืžื™ื“, ืึท ืงืขื ื™ื’ ืึท 
ืžืฉื‚ื›ึผื™ืœ-- ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืื™ื ืึธืคึผื˜ืจืขื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื–ืฒึทื˜... 

ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืฆื• ื’ืจื•ื™ื˜ ืžืขื ื“ืขืœืข, ืžืขืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ืขืก ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืื™ื ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืฆื• ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ ืคื™ื ืคื˜ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื•ืจื˜ืก- 
ื˜ืึธื’... ื“ื™ ืืฑืจืขืึธืœืข ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ืžืขืŸ ืคืึทืจืฐื™ืงืœื˜ ืึทืจื•ื ื“ืขื ืงืึธืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื”ืฒืœื™ืงืŸ -- ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ืฆื• 
ืœื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง, ื ืขืžื˜ ื–ื™ ืึทืฐืขืง ื“ื™ ืœื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ื ืขื ืฆื“ื™ืงืก ืคึผื ื™ื, ื–ื™ ืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืฉืึธื˜ืŸ, ืคืึทืจื˜ื•ืฉื˜ 
ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื›ื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืงื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื ืขืจืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜, ืฐืึธืก ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึท ืกืš ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ. 

ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึท ืกืš ืžืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืžืขื’ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื•ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื•ื ื’ืื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืื•ื ื•ืช, ื“ื™ 
ื”ื•ื™ื›ืข ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืงื•ื ืกื˜ ืคึผืึทืจืœื™ืจืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืื•ืžื“ืขืจื’ืจืฒื™ื›ื‘ืึทืจืข, ืžืขืŸ ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ืึธื ื˜ืึทืคึผืŸ 
ืึทื–ืฑ ื’ืขื ื•ื™ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจืŸ ืขืก ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ื ื™-ืึธื“ื, ื›ืึทืคึผืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ื“ื•ืจืฉื˜ ืื•ืŸ 
ืคึฟืึทืจืœืึทื ื’, ื“ืขืจืคึผืึธืจืฉืŸ ืื™ื, ื“ืขื ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจ, ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืœืขื›ืข ืฉืฐืึทื›ืงืฒื˜ืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืขืจ 
"ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืœื™ื’ื˜" ื•ื™ ืžื™ืจ ืึทืœืข, ืฉื˜ืขืจื‘ืœืขื›ืข... ื–ืึธืœืŸ ื–ื™ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืขื ื˜ืฉื˜ ื“ื™ ืึธ "ืฉืฐื•ืึทื›ืงืฒื˜ืŸ" ืคื•ื ืขื 
ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจ. ื–ื™ื™ ืžืึทื›ืŸ ืคืจืฒึทื™, ืฐืฒึทื–ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืขื’ ืฆื• ืื™ื. ืึท ื“ืึทื ืง ื–ื™ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืฆื•, ืฆื• ื“ื™ 
ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ืืžืชืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข... ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื‘ ื“ื™ ื™ื•ืกืฃ-ื“ื™ืœื”-ืจื™ื ื”ืก ืคึฟื™ืจืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ื•ื™ืขืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืื™ื™ื‘ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ -- ื–ื™ื™ ื“ืขืจื ืขื ื˜ืขืจืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื“ืขืจื–ืขืขืŸ, ื“ืขืจื–ืขืขืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืŸ... 
ืžื™ืจ ื“ืขืจื–ืขืขืŸ! | | ื™ื—ื™ืืœ ื“ืึทืฐื™ื“ื–ืึธืŸ 

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ืึทืจื™ื™ื ืคื™ืจ 8. 


ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื’ืขื’ืจืึทืžื˜ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืขื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืึทืจืฒึทื ืคึฟื™ืจ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืชึผื "ืš-ืื•ื™ืคื˜ืจืขื˜ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, (ื–ืข ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ื“ืขื 
ืึธื ืคึฟืึทื ื’), ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื“ืึธ ืฆื•ื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“. ื“ื™ ืึธื ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืขื ืข ื“ืึทื˜ืข ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื–' ืื™ื–: 
2600 ?2 ื›"ื” ื—ืฉื•ืŸ ืชืฉ"ื 4, ืก'ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืขืœืฃ ื˜ืขื’ ื ืึธืš ื“ืขื ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ืื™ื– ืคืึทื“ืฉืœืึธืกืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ - ื“ืขื 
5ื˜ืŸ ื ืึธื•ื•ืขืžื‘ืขืจ 1940. ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ืื™ื– ืจืขื’ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ืžืขื ื˜ืึทืœืก ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืืฑืคึฟืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื™ื–ื™ ืึธื™ึดื˜ ื ื•ึนืžื™ 2 ื'. 

ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื“ืขืจ-ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืคื™ืœื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื’ืึธืจ ื‘ื•ืœื˜ ืึทืจืฑืก ื“ืขื ืžื•ืจืื“ื™ืงืŸ ืืฒึทื ื“ืจื•ืง ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจึผ ื ืฒึทึทืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธื“ 
ื•ื•ื™ืจืงืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืืฒึทื ืคืœื•ืก ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื’ืขืžื™ื˜. ืขืก ื–ืฒึทื™ื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ, ื•ื• ืขืก ื•ื•ืฒึทื™ื–ื˜ ืื•ื™ืก, ื ืึธืš ืึทื–ืฑื ืข. | 
ืึทืจืฒึทื ืคึฟื™ืจืŸ, ื‘ืฒึทื ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืชึผื "ืš-ืคึฟืึธืจืœืขื–ื•ื ื’ ืฆื™ ืชึผื "ืš-ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ (ื–ืข ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ, ื–ื™ 159 - ืฆื•ื 
ืงืึทืคึผื™ื˜ืœ ืž"ื—). ื“ื™ ืื™ื– ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ ื›ึผื•ืœืœื“ื™ืงืกื˜ืข ืคึผืึธืขื˜ื™ืฉืข ื”ืงื“ืžื” ื‘ืฒึทื ืึธื ืคืึทื ื’ ืคื•ื– ื“ื™ ืชึผื "ืš- 
ืื•ื™ืคึผื˜ืจื™ื˜ืŸ. ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื›ืึทืจืึทืงื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขื“ ืขื™ืงืจ ื“ืจืึทืžืึทื˜ื™ืฉ. ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืงืœื™ื™ื ืข: 
ืคึฟืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืชึผื "ื›ื™ืฉืข ื˜ืขืžืขืก, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืคึผื•ื‘ืœื™ืงื•ื, ื“ื•ืจืš 
ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ื“ืจืึทืžืึทื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืกื˜ื•ื“ื™ืข ืฐืึธืก ื™. ืง. ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื’ืจื™ื ื“ืขื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ ืึธื ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ. ื“ื™ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืกื˜ื•ื“ื™ืข ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื•ื ื’ืข ื™ื™ึทื ื’ืœืขืš ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื™ื“ืœืขืš -- ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ "ื“ืจื•ืจ"-ื‘ืึทืฐืขื’ื™ื ื’ (ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื“ืจืึทืžืึทื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืกื˜ื•ื“ื™ืข ื–ืข ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืึทืœื’ืขืžืฒื ืขืจ ื”ืงื“ืžื”,. ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื–ื–' 40 -- 41). | 

ื‘ืขืช ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืคึฟืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื“ืขืงืœืึทืžื™ืจื˜ ื“ืขื ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ ื“ืึธ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ, ื•ื™ ืึทืŸ 
ืึทืจืฒึทึทื ืคื™ืจ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื“ืจืึทืžืึทื˜ื™ืฉืข ืื•ื™ืคื˜ืจื™ื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืชึผื "ื›ื™ืฉืข ื˜ืขืžืขืก. ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคืœืขื’ืŸ ืคืึธืจืงื•ืžืขืŸ, 
ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงื™ืš ืื•ื™ืฃ ืœืขืฉื ืึธ 14 (ื–ืข: ืขืง, ืชืฉ"ืš, ื–ื™ 201) ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธืžื•ื ืข 
ืคื•ืŸ "ื“ืจื•ืจ" ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื–ื™ืขืœื ืข 34. ืึทื–ืฑื ืข ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื›ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื’ืึธืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ืฆืึธืœ 
ืฆื•ืฉื•ื™ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื”ืึทื˜ ื“ืขืจืคึผืึธืœื’ (ื–ืข: ืœื•ื‘ื˜ืงื™ืŸ ื–ื–' 463, 466 -- 467; ืชื‘ืข"ืค - ืจื‘ืŸ (ืคื•ืœืžืŸ) ,ื– 17). 

ื“ืขืจ ืึธืจื™ื’ื™ื ืึทืœืขืจ ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“ ื’ืขืคื™ื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื™, ืง. -ืึทืจื›ื™ื•ื• ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ืœื•ื—ืžื™ ื”ื’ื™ื˜ืื•ืช, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืจืขื’ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ืจื˜ 
ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื ื•ืž' 811//1031. | 

ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ืฐืึธืก ืžื™ืจ ื“ืจื•ืงืŸ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ืึธืจ ืึท ื˜ื™ื™ืœ, ืึทืŸ ืขื™ืงืจ-ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจืึทื ืคืึทืจืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฆืŸ . 
ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืจืึทืžืึทื˜ื™ืฉืข ืื•ื™ืคื˜ืจื™ื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืชึผื "ืš-ืึธืฐื•ื ื˜. ืขืก ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ 
ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ืจืึทื, ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืขืœืขืจ ืคึผืึธืขื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืกื™ื•ื ืคื•ืŸ ืชึผื "ืš-ืึธืฐื ื˜, ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– ืฆื• ืื•ื ื“ื– 
ื“ืขืจื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ ืึท ื”ืึทืœื‘ ืฆืขืฉืขื“ื™ืงื˜ืขืจ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ (ื–ืข ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ, ื ื•ืž' 9). 

ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืขื˜ื™ืฉ ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืขื ืขืจ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืžื™ืจ ื“ืจื•ืงืŸ ื“ืึธ, ื‘ืึทื˜ืึธื ื˜ ื“ื™ ืงืขื’ื ื–ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืงืข ื”ืฉืคึผืขื” ืฐืึธืก ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ืขื 
ืขื-ื”ืกืคืจ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืกืคืจ-ื”ืกืคืจื™ื. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื˜ ื”ื™ืžืขืŸ ืฆื•ื ืชึผื "ืš, ืื™ื– ื™.ืง. ืžืคืจืฉ ื“ืขื ื‘ืึทื’ืจื™ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ "ืขื-ื”ืกืคืจ" 
ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึทืŸ ืึธืจื™ื’ื™ื ืขืœืŸ ืื•ืคืŸ, ืขืจ ื–ืึธื’ื˜: "ื“ืขืจ ืชึผื "ืš-- /ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึทื˜ืข ืืฒึทืขืจืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืืฒึทืขืจ ืงื™ื ื“/ืืฒึทืขืจ ืขื‘ืจ 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคื˜ ืืฒึทื™ืจืข ืื™ื– ืขืจ" (ื–ืข: ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ, ื–' 147). ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทื ืขื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื–ื™ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืฉื˜ืขืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ-ื“ืขืจืฉืฒึทื ื•ื ื’ ืฐืึธืก ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืชึผื "ืš, ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืคืึธืจืžื•ืœื™ืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืฆื™ื˜ื™ืจื˜ืข ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื˜ืึธืคึผืœื˜ืŸ 
ืฉื˜ืึทื ื“ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜: ื–ืฒึทื˜ ื‘ืฒึท ื–ืฒึทื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืคืึทืงื˜ ืฐืึธืก ื“ืขืจ ืชึผื "ืš ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ื’ืฒึทืกื˜ื™ืงืข ืคืจื•ื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึธืœืงืก ืื™ื™ื’ืŸ- 
ื‘ืึทืฐื•ึผืกื˜ื–ืฒึทืŸ, ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืกืคืจ-ื”ืกืคืจื™ื, ืงื•ื“ื"ื›ึผืœ, ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ืจืขืจ. ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ืคึผืึธืœืง ื“ื™ ื’ื™ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงืข ืคืจื•ื›ื˜ 
ืคื•ืŸ ืชึผื "ืš. 

ื™. ืง. ืื™ื– ืžืงื“ื™ื ื“ืขื ืชึผื "ื›ืก ืคืึธื˜ืขืจืฉืึทืคื˜ ื›ึผื“ื™ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทื˜ืึธื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื•ื•ื™ืคืœ ื“ืขืจ ืชึผื "ืš ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืืžืชืขืจ 
ืคื•ืจืขืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึธืœืง. ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืื™ื– ืฆื• ื‘ืึทื˜ืึธื ืขืŸ ืึทื– ื™. ืง. ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื“ืึธ ืึทืจืฑืก ื“ื™ ื’ืฐืึทืœื“ื™ืงืข ื”ืฉืคึผืขื” ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 


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ืชึผื "ืš-ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื™ืจืงืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืคึฟืึทืจืงืขืจื˜ืข. ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ืึทื ืขืŸ ืงืฐืึทืœื˜ ืึทืจืฑืก ื“ื™ 
ื‘ืึทื“ืขืจืคืขื ื™ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจื•ืฃ ืฆื•ื ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื“ืจื™ืงื˜ืŸ ื™ื™ื“ ืื™ืŸ ื™. ืง'ืก ืœื™ื“ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืชึผื "ืš -- ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ื•ื•ืขื ื“ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืขืช-ืฆืจื” 
ืฆื•ื ื‘ื•ืš ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื ืึท ื™ื™ื“ ื’ืขืžืึทื›ื˜, ื›ึผื“ื™ ื–ื™ืš ืึทืœืฒืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจืงืขื ืขืŸ, ื“ืขืจื‘ืœื™ืงืŸ ื“ืขื ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืขื ื•ื•ืขืจื˜, ืื•ืŸ 
ืึทื–ืฑ ืึทืจื•ื ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืจื™ื™ืกื˜. 


ืขืคืขื ื•ื ื’ ืฆื• ืึท ืชึผื "ืš-ืึธืฐื•ื ื˜ 


ืชึผื "ืš! 
ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืึธืฐื•ื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืชึผื "ืš -- 

ื’ืขื“ืขื ืงื˜ ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืข! 

ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื“ืข, ืžืึทื˜ืข, 

ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื˜ืจืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื•ื•ื™ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฆืŸ -- 
ืžืขืŸ ืงืขืŸ, ื”ืคึผื ื™ื, ื ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืึทื ื˜ืœืฑืคืŸ... 

ืฐื•ึผื”ื™ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืงื•ืžื˜-- ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜, ืžื™ื˜ ืืฒื™ืš, ื“ื™ ืฉืžืึทืจืฆืŸ! 


ื”ืฒึทื ื˜, ื ืึธืขื ื˜ืข ืžืฒึทื ืข, ื‘ืจื™ื“ืขืจ, ืฉื•ื•ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ื˜ืฒึท'ืจืข,. 
ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ืฐืขื˜ ืื™ืจ ื–ื™ื™ ืคืึทืจืงื•ื™ืคืŸ, 

ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ืึธืฐื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ({ืชึผื "ื–ืš-- 

ืชึผื "ืš! 


ืก'ืื™ื– ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืึทืœื˜ืข ืคืขืกื˜ื•ื ื’! 
ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืึทืœืข ืคืขืกื˜ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืึทืจืงืกื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืจืขืกื˜ืข! 
ืงื•ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•, ื”ืขืจื˜ ืฆื• ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืงืขื ื˜: 
ื“ืขื ืชึผื "ืš, 
ื“ื™ ืคืขืกื˜ื•ื ื’! 
ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ืžืœ ืื™ื– ืื™ืจ ื“ืึทืš-- 
ื“ื™ ืคื™ืจ ืขืงืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ -- ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขื ื˜, 
ื“ื™ ืขืจื“ ืื™ื– ืื™ืจ ื™ืกื•ึนื“-- 
ืื•ืŸ ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืžืขืŸ ื–ืขื˜ ืื™ื ื ื™ื˜, ืื™ืจ ื”ืึทืจืŸ, 
ื“ืขื ื”ืขืจืฉืขืจ ืื™ืจืŸ-- 
ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื ืงืœ ื“ืึธืจื˜, ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืฉืคึผืึทืจืข 
ื•ืขื˜ ืื™ืจ ื“ืขืจืคื™ืœืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืฉืคึผื™ืจืŸ -- 
ื’ืึธื˜! 
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ืชึผื "ืš! 

ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืึธืฐื•ื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืชึผื "ืš! 

ืงื•ืžื˜ ื‘ืจื™ื“ืขืจ ืขืœื ื˜ืข, ืงื•ืžื˜ ืขืœื ื˜ืข ืื™ืจ ืฉื•ื•ืขืกื˜ืขืจ 

ืžื™ืจ ืฐืขืœืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึท ืฉืขื” ื‘ืึทื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ 

ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืึทืœื˜ืŸ, ืึทืœื˜ืŸ 

- ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืฉืœืึธืก, ืื™ืŸ ืคืขืกื˜ื•ื ื’, 

ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืชื "ืš - 

ื“ืขืจ ื“ื•ื ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืึทืจืง ืื•ืŸ ืฉืึทืจืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืœื™ืฅ - ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืคึผืจืึทืš, 
ื“ื™ ื‘ืขืจื’ -- ืคืึทืจื’ืœื™ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืข ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื™ืขืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข -- ืคืขืœื“ื–ืŸ ื”ืึทืจื˜ืข... 
ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืจื•ื™ืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื™ื ื˜ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขื–ืึทื ื’, 

ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ื•ืŸ, ื“ื™ ืœื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืข ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื”ืฑืคึผื˜ื’ืขื“ืึทื ืง, 

ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืœื™ื™ื˜ืžืึธื˜ื™ื•, 

ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื ื” ื”ืขืœ-- ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืœื™ื“ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฆืึทืจื˜ืข 

ื•ืื•ืŸื– ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ ื’ืึธืœื“ืขื ืข-- ื“ื™ ื’ืจืึทืžืขืŸ, 

ื“ื™ ืื™ื“ื™ื™ืขืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืœ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ื™ืฃ -- 

ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืึทืœืข ื™ืžืขืŸ! 


ื“ืขืจ ืชึผื "ืš! 

ืึทืœืฅ ืื™ื™ื ืก ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืฉืคึผืจืึทืš, 

ืฆื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ, ืฆื™ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉ - 

ืจ'ืื™ื– ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืชึผื•ืš ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ, ืจ'ืื™ื– ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืขืจ ืื™ื“ืขื™ืฉ. 
ืฆื™ ื“ืขืจ ืชึผื "ืš ืื™ื– ืคื•ืœืงื•ื ืฆื™ ืคืึทืจื’ืจืฒึทื–ื˜ - 

ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืจืขื“ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื ืึทืจืฑืก, ื“ืขืจ ื’ืฒึทืกื˜! 

ืฆื™ ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ ืฆื™ ื’ื•ื˜-- 

ืก'ืื™ื– ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืžืึทืจืš ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ - 

ืชึผื "ืš! | 

ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืึทื–ืฑื ืก ืชื "ืš? 


ืึทืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืขืจื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืจ'ืขืจื“, ืึท ืฐื•ึผื ื“ืขืจืœืขื›ืขืจ ืฉืœืึธืก 
ืึท ืœื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืึธืŸ ืึทืŸ ืขื ื“, 

ืœืฒึทื“ืŸ ืึธืŸ ืึท ืžืึธืก 

ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืฒึทืŸ ืึท ืกืš, ืึท ืกืš... 

ืงื•ืžื˜, ืขืœื ื˜ืข, ืงื•ืžื˜ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืงืขื ื˜, 


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ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื™ื‘ื™ืงืข, ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื›ื˜, ื“ื™ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืœืขื›ืข ื“ื™ ืคึผืฒึทืŸ-- 
ืื•ืŸ ืจื•ืคื˜ ืฆื• ื–ื™ืš, ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืืฒึทื ื’ืขื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ, ืื•ื™ืก: 
ืžืฒึทื ืข! ืžืฒึทื™ื ืข! ืžืฒึทื™ืŸ! 

ื“ื™. ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ืœื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืฒึทื“ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก-- 

ืžืฒึทื ืข, ืžืฒึทื ืข, ืžืฒื™ืŸ! 

ื“ืขืจ ืฐืฒื™ื˜ืึธื’ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืฒื™ืŸ! 


ืชึผื "ืš! 

ืื™ืจ ื–ื•ืขื ื˜} ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึทืŸ ืึธืฐื•ื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืชึผื "ืš, 
ืฆืขื˜ืจืึธื’ืขื ืข, 

ื“ืขืจืฉืœืึธื’ืขื ืข, 

ืžื™ื˜ ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจืข ื’ืขืžื™ื˜ืขืจ-- 

ืขืก ืื™ื– ืืฒึทืš ื‘ื™ื˜ืขืจ, ื‘ื™ื˜ืขืจ... 

ืขืจ ืฐืฒืกื˜ ืขืก ื’ื•ื˜! 

ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืขืก ื“ืขืจ ืชึผื "ืš, ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ - 

ืขืก ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืš ืืฒึทืขืจ ื’ืฒึทืกื˜ ืฐืึธืก ื•ื•ื™ื™'ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื, 
ืขืก ื‘ืจื•ื™ื–ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื“ืึธืก ื‘ืœื•ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืืฒึทืขืจ ื‘ืœื•ื˜, 
ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ื ืฐืึธืก ื“ื•ื ืขืจื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืื™ื– ืืฒึทืขืจ ืฉื˜ื™ื - 
ื–ืฒึทื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืจื™ื™ืกื˜! 


ืงื•ืžื˜, ืงื•ืžื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจื‘ื™ื˜ืขืจื˜ืข, 
ืคืึทืจื‘ืœืึธื ื“ื–ืฉืขื˜ืข, ืคืึทืจืœื•ื™ืจืขื ืข 
ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึทืœืข ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜, 
ืงื•ืžื˜, ืงื•ืžื˜ ืคืึทืจืฆื™ื˜ืขืจื˜ืข, 
ืคืึทืจืคืจื•ื™ืจืขื ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืงืขืœื˜, 

ืงื•ืžื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืงืฐืึทืœืŸ ืืฒื™ืขืจืข, 
ืงื•ืžื˜ ื˜ืฒึทืขืจืข, 

ืงื•ืžื˜ ืฆื• ืฆื• ืืฒึทืขืจ ืงืฐืึทืœ-- 

ืฆื• ื–ืฒึทื™ื ืข ืฐืึทืกืขืจืŸ ื•ื™ ืฐืฒึทืŸ, 

ืฆื• ื“ืขื ืชึผื "ืš! 


ืœื ื™ื ื•ื ื•ืœื ื™ื™ืฉืŸ - ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืฐืึทืš, 
ืขืจ ื–ืขื˜, ืขืจ ื”ืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื•ืฒืกืŸื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืฅ, 


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ืฐืึทืจืคื˜ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืฒื™ื˜ืึธื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืœืข ืืฒึทืขืจืข ืึทื”ื™ืŸ ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ, 
ืฉืคึผืฒึทื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ืึทื”ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืจื™ื ืข ืื™ื™ืขืจืข ื“ื™ ื’ืึทืœ, 

ืคื•ืŸ ืืฒึทืขืจืข ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืขืจ ืžืขืจืขืจ ื–ื™ืก! 

ื•ื™ ืขืก ืื™ื– 

ืืœื™ืฉืขืก ื‘ื™ื˜'ืจืขืจ ืงืฐืึทืœ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื–ื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืึทืœืฅ 

ืฐืึธืก ืืœื™ืฉืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื’ืขืฉืึธื˜ืŸ - 

ืงื•ืžื˜ -- 

ืขืก ืคืึทืœื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ืชึผื "ืš ืึท ืœื™ื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืืฒึทืขืจ ืฉืึธื˜ืŸ! 


ื“ืขืจ ืชึผื "ืš - 
ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึทื˜ืข ืืฒึทืขืจืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืืฒึทืขืจ ืงื™ื ื“ 
ืื™ืขืจ ืขื‘ืจ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคื˜ ืืฒึท'ื“ืข ืื™ื– ืขืจ 
ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืึทืฐืขืง ืื™ื– ืก'ืฐืึธืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื ื‘ื™ื ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜! 
ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ื•ืžืขืŸ ื ืึธืš 

ืฐืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื ื™ื•ืก ืืฒึทืขืจืขืจ ื•ื™ ื‘ื™ื– ื”ืขืจ! 


ื“ืขืจ ืชึผื "ืš-- | 

ื“ืึธืก ื‘ื•ืš ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื™ื“ืŸ ืื‘ื™ืงืข ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ื‘ื™ืง ืœืขื‘ืŸ! 
ืืฒึทืขืจ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืืฒึทืขืจืข ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ื“ืŸ! 

ืึทืœืฅ ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ืคืึทืจืžืึธื’ื˜-- 

ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืž'ืก ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ! 

ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ื“ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ื™ื“ืŸ! 

ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื’ืขื˜ืึธื’ื˜, 

ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื’ืขื ืขื›ื˜ื™ืงื˜! 

ื“ื™ ืื•ืžืคืึทืจืฉื˜ืขื ื“ืœืขื›ืข ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืืฒื™ืขืจืข, 

ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืึทื ื“ ื“ื™ ืื•ืžื‘ืึทืจืขื›ื˜ื™ืงื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ ืฉืžืึทืš {- } 
ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ ื‘ืึทื”ืขืคื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืงืึทืคึผื™ื˜ืขืœืข ืชึผื "ืš-- 
ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ืขื ื“ืœืขืš ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทืจืขื›ื˜ื™ืงื˜! 

ืงื•ืžื˜ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ื˜ืฒึทืขืจืข 

ื’ื™ืกื˜ ืฆืฐื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืึทืœื˜ืข ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ืฉืข ืืฒึทืขืจืข-- 
ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืขืจืŸ, 

ื“ื™ ื ืฒึทื™ืข ืืฒึทืขืจืข ื“ื™ ืงืœืึธื’, 

ื“ื™ ืคึผืฒื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืœืขืฆื˜ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ -- 


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ื–ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืชึผื "ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืจื•ื ืขืŸ ืฐืขืจืŸ! 
ื–ื™ ื‘ืœืฒึทื™ื‘ืŸ ืืฒื‘ื™ืง! 

ื ึฐืื•ืŸ ืึท ืคืึทืจืืฒื™ื‘ื™ืงื˜ืข ืึท ืœื™ื™ื“ืŸ 

ืื™ื– ืคืจื™ื™ื“ {!} 

ืึท ืคืึทืจืืฒื™ื‘ื™ืงื˜ืข ืึท ืคึผืฒึทืŸ- 

ืื™ื– ืฉื™ื™ืŸ! 


ืงื•ืžื˜ ืื•ืžื’ืœืฒื‘ื™ืงืข ืื™ืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ, ืงื•ืžื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ 

ื‘ืฒึทื ืชึผื "ืš, ื‘ืฒึท ืืฒึทืขืจืŸ ื“ืึธ ื’ืœืฒื‘ื™ืง! 

ื’ืœื™ื™ื‘ื˜: ื“ื™ ืฐืึธืก ืฉืึทืคืŸ ืื™ื™ื‘ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“-- 
ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“ ื“ืึธ ืืฒื‘ื™ืง! 


ื•ื•ืืจืฉื 
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ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืชื "ืš-ืึธ 


ื•ื•ื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ 





ืึทืจื™ื™ื ืคื™ืจ 9 


ื› ืึท ื’ืขื’ืจืึทืžื˜ืขืจ ืกื™ื•ื ืฆื• ืึท ืชึผื "ืš-ืึธืฐื•ื ื˜ = 


ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืชึผื "ืš-ืึธืฐื•ื ื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ืื™ื– ืฆื• ืื•ื ื“ื– ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฆืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทืก ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ืขืจื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ. ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– 
ืคึผืจืึทื’ืžืขื ื˜ืึทืจืข ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ื™ืงืข ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ืŸ, ืึท ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ -- ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืคืจืึทื’ืžืขื ื˜ืŸ. ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธืจ ืœื™ื“ืขืจ-ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืึธืŸ ืึท 
ืงืขืคึผืœ, ืฐืึธืก ืžื™ืจ ื“ืจื•ืงืŸ ื“ืึธ ืฆื•ื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืžืึธืœ, ื’ืขื”ืขืจืŸ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฆื•ื ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทื ืคื•ืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืชึผื "ืš-ืึธืฐื•ื ื˜, 
ื ืึธืจ ืฆื• ืึท ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจื“ื™ืงืŸ. ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจ, ืึทืŸ ืึท ืกืš ืงืœืขื ืขืจืŸ 
ืคืึธืจืžืึทื˜ -- ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจื’ืœืฒื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื–ืฒึทื˜ืœืขืš ืคื•ืŸ ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“ ืคื•ืŸ "ืึทืŸ ืขืคืขื ื•ื ื’ ืฆื• ืึท ืชึผื "ืš-ืึธื•ื•ื ื˜". ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ืžืขื ื˜ืึทืœืก 
ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืกื™ื•ื ืจืขื’ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ืจื˜ ื•ื™ ืึท ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืชื "ืš-ืึธืฐื•ื ื˜, ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืึธืจื˜, ื ื•ืž' 2 ื‘', ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืคื•ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ื™ื˜ ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื, ืชืฉื›"ื˜, ื–ื™ 364 ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ ืคึฟืึทืจืฉืจื™ื›ืŸ -- ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื•ื™ ืึท 
ื”ืฉืขืจื” ืึทืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึทื˜ืข: ื›ึผืกืœื• ืชึผืฉ"ื ? ื“ืขืฆืขืžื‘ืขืจ 41940. 

ืขืก ืื™ื– ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืึทื– ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื’ืจืึทืžื˜ืขืจ ืกื™ื•ื ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืฆื• ืึทืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจ ืชึผื "ืš-ืึธืฐื•ื ื˜, ืึท ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจื“ื™ืงืŸ, ืื•ืŸ 
ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ืฒื˜ืฒืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจืึทื ืคืึทืจืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืชึผื "ืš-ืึธืฐื ื˜. ืกืฒึท ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจืขืจ ืคืึธืจืžืึทื˜, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– 
ื’ืึธืจ ืขื ืœืขืš ื ืึธืจ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื’ืจืึทืžื˜ืขืจ ื”ืงื“ืžื— ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ืคึฟืึธืจืœืขื–ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืง ืž"ื— ืื™ืŸ ืกืคืจ ื™ืฉืขื™ื”ื• (ื–ืข ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ, 
ื–ื™ 159 ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืงืกื™ืžื™ืœื™ืข ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ื™ 189), ืื•ืŸ ืกืฒึท ื“ืขืจ ืคืึทืงื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ืขื’ืจืึทืžื˜ืŸ ืกื™ื•ื ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ 
ื’ืึธืจ ืึทื– ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืกื™ื•ื ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืชึผื "ืš-ืึธืฐื•ื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืชื "ืš-ืึธืฐื ื˜, ืฐื•ื™ ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ 
ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืคืขื ื•ื ื’-- ื’ื™ืฉื˜ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึธืœ-- ื›ึผื“ื™ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทื˜ืึธื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืขื ืข ืคื™ื™ืขืจืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ 
ืขืจืฉื˜ืžืึธืœื™ืงืฒื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ-ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขื ืงื•ื ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืฒึทื™ื’ืขืฉืึทืคืขื ืข ื’ืขื˜ืึธ-ืื•ืžืฉื˜ืึทื ื“ืŸ, ื“ืึธืก ืึทืœืฅ ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ืึทืจืงื˜ 
ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื”ืฉืขืจื” ืฐืึธืก ืฉืคึผืึทืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืš ืึธืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืคืึทืจืฉืฒื“ืขื ืข ื“ืึทื˜ืขืก ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืคื•ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื, ืชืฉื›"ื˜, ื•ื™ ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜. 

ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ืขื’ืจืึทืžื˜ืŸ ืกื™ื•ื ื“ืขืจื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื–ื™ืš ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืžื "ืš-ืึธืฐื ื˜ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ืžืึธืœ, ืื•ืŸ ืืคืฉืจ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง, ื’ืขื”ืึทื˜ 
ื ืึธืš ืึท ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ืึทื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจื™ืฉืข ืคึฟืึทืจืœืขื–ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืชื "ืš-ืคึผืจืงื™ื ืื•ื™ืฃ ื™ื™ื“ื™ืฉ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ื‘ื™ืื™ื, ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืขืŸ (ื–ืข ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ, ื ื•ืž' 10). ื“ื™ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜ืข ืคึผืจืงื™ื, ืื™ืŸ 
ืœื™ื“ืขืจ-ืฉื•ืจื•ืช, ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืจืึทื›ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืคืึทืจืŸ ืคึผื•ื‘ืœื™ืงื•ื ื•ื™ ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจื™ืฉืข ื ื•ืžืขืจืŸ ืคืึทืจ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ื•ื™ ืึท ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ 
ืึท ืจืขืฆื™ื˜ืึทืฆื™ืขืก- ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทื (ื–ืข ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ื“ืขื ืฆื•ืฉืจื™ืคื˜: "ืจืขืฆื™ื˜. ื" ื‘ืจืืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืง 

ืž"ื— ืคื•ืŸ ืกืคืจ ื™ืฉืขื™ื”, ืื•ื™ืฃ ื•' 160). 

ื“ืขืจ ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“ ื’ืขืคื™ื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื™.ืง-ืึทืจื›ื™ื•ื• ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ืœื•ื—ืžื™ ื”ื’ื™ื˜ืื•ืช ื ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืจืขื’ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ืจื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื ื•ืžืขืจ 

,1 


ืคึฟื™ื ื™ืก! ื’ืขืขื ื“ื™ืงื˜ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืึธืฐื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืชื "ืš 

ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื™ื•ื-ื˜ื•ื‘ ืื™ื– ืฆื•ึน ืขื ื“! : 
ืก'ื”ื™ืœื›ื˜ ืขืคึผืขืก ืฐืึธืก ื ืึธืš ืึธืคึผ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืึทืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื ื‘ื™ืืก ืฉืคึผืจืึทืš 
ืขืก ืึธื˜ืขืžื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื ืึธืš ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขื ื˜ 
ื•ืึทื•ื•ืฆืง ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ} ื™ื•ื-ื˜ื•ื‘ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื™ืขืฆื˜? 

ืคืจืขื’ื˜ (ืงื™ื™ืŸ} ืฉืืœื” ื ื™ื˜, ื ื™ื˜ ืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคึฟืจืึทื’ืข 

(ืžื™ืจ ืฐืขืœืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืŸ ืœื™ื“ ื’ืขื–ืขื’ืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ืœืขืฆื˜ 

ื•ืžื™ืจ ืฐืขืœืŸ ื˜ืึทืงืขืŸ ืขื‘ืจ |ื—ื’ืืŸ! 


150 


ืึทืจื™ื™ื ืคื™ืจ 10 


2 ืชื "ืš-ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’ืขืŸ = 


(ื) ื™ืฉืขื™ื”, ืž"ื‘, ืž"ื–, ืž"ื—, ืž"ื˜, ื '; 

(ื‘) ื™ืจืžื™ื”, ืœ"ื (ื‘ื™ื– ืื•ืŸ ืึทืจืฒึทื ื’ืขืจืขื›ื ื˜ ื“ืขื ืคึผืกื•ืง 19); 
(ื’) ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ, ืœ"ื“, 16 -- 26; 

(ื“) ื”ื•ืฉืข, ื', ื‘', ื™"ื’; 

(ื”) ืื™ื•ื‘, ื’' (ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืกื•ืง 3 ืื•ืŸ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ). 


ื”ืขืจื•ืช: ืฆื• (ื)-- ืคืึทืจืŸ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืฉืขื™ื”, ืงืึทืคึผื™ื˜ืœ ืž"ื—, ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื–ื™ึทื™ื˜ืœืขืš ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืงืขืคึผืœ: "ืฆื•ื 
ืงืึทืคึผื™ื˜ืœ ืž"ื—". ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืึท ื’ืขื’ืจืึทืžื˜ืข ื”ืงื“ืžื”, ืื™ื™ื’ื ื˜ืœืขืš, ืฆื•ื ืื™ื ื”ืึทืœื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึทืคึผื™ื˜ืœืขืŸ ืž'-- ื ' ืื•ืŸ 
ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ (ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ื“ืขื ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ); ืึท ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื“ืึธ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜. 

ืฆื• (ื’)-- ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจืง ืœ"ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืกืคืจ ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ ืื™ื– ืœืžืขืฉื‚ื” ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฆืŸ (ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ 
ื‘ื™ื ื˜ืœ ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืชึผื "ืš-ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืฆื• ืื•ื ื“ื– ื“ืขืจื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ ื ืึธืจ ื“ื™ ืคึผืกื•ืงื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ื˜"ื– ืื•ืŸ ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ, 
ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืกื•ืง ื›"ื” ืคืขืœื˜. ื“ืขืจ ื’ืึทื ืฆืขืจ ืคึผืจืง ืœ"ื“, ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ, ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข ื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืกืคืจ 
ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ, ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืจืึทื›ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจื™ื™ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื ื‘ื™ื ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ, ืื™ืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ื“ืจืึทืžืข: "ืขืœ ื ื”ืจื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืœ". 

ืฆื• (ื”) - ื“ื™ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื•ื‘, ืคึผืจืง ื’', ืื•ืŸ ืึท ืกืš ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข ืคึผืจืงื™ื, ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืจืึทื›ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืง 
ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ืื•ืžื‘ืึทืงืึทื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ืจืึทืžืข: "ืื™ื•ื‘", ื“ืขืจ ืขื™ืงืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืจื™ื˜ืŸ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ. 

ื“ื™ ืชึผื "ืš-ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื“ืึธ ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ืฆื•ื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืžืึธืœ, ืคื•ืŸ ืึธืจื™ื’ื™ื ืขืœืŸ ื ื™ื˜-ืคื•ืœืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“ ืฐืึธืก 
ืื™ื– ืฆื• ืื•ื ื“ื– ื“ืขืจื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึธืจื ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจืŸ ื”ืขืคื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืคึผืึธืจ ืฆืขื ื“ืœื™ืง ื–ืฒื™ื˜ืŸ, ืึธืŸ ืึท ืฉืขืจ-ื‘ืœืึทื˜. 
ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืขืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคึผืึทืจืึทืŸ, ืก'ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจืึทืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืœื•ื™ืคื™ืงืข ื ื•ืžืขืจืึทืฆื™ืข 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ืฒึทื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืขืคื˜. ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ืžืขื ื˜ืึทืœืก ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“ ืจืขื’ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื“ืจื™ื˜ืŸ ืึธืจื˜, ืึธืŸ ืึท 
ื“ืึทื˜ืข. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืคื•ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื, ืชืฉื›"ื˜, ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืชึผื "ืš-ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืจืขื’ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ 
ืขืจื˜ืขืจ 11-- 15. ืœื•ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืฉืขืจื” ื“ืึธืจื˜, ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืข: ื›ึผืกืœื•-- ื˜ื‘ืช ืชืฉ"ื ืœื“ืขืฆืขืžื‘ืขืจ 
0 - ื™ืึทื ื•ืึทืจ 1941 .6. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื‘ืขืช ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืชึผืงื•ืคื” ื ืึธื›ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉืœื™ืกืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข, ื•ื•ืขืŸ 
ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขืคึฟืึทื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื• ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืชึผื "ืš-ืึธืฐื ื˜ืŸ (ื–ืข ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืึทืจืฒึทื ืคึฟื™ืจ ืฆื• ื ื•ืž' 8). 

ืžืขืŸ ื“ืึทืจืฃ ืึธื ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืึทื– ื“ืึธืก ืึทืจืฒึทื ืคืœืขื›ื˜ืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฆืข ืคึผืจืงื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืชึผื "ืš-ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืจืขืกืขืจืข 
ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืชึผื "ื›ื™ืฉืข ื“ืจืึทืžืขืก, ืื™ื– ืึท ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก. ืึทื–ืฑ ืึทืจื•ื ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืชึผื "ืš- 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจืฐืึทื ื“ืœื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืขืจืŸ ืึทืจื•ื ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ื™.ืง. ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื’ืจืขืกืขืจืข 
ื“ืจืึทืžืขืก "ืื™ื•ื‘" ืื•ืŸ "ืขืœ ื ื”ืจื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืœ", ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืขืก ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืจืึทื›ื˜ ื—ืœืงื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ืข 
ืชึผื "ืš-ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื•ื™ ืื•ื™ืš ืึท ืกืš ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข ืคึผืจืงื™ื ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคืึทืจืึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“. 

ืึทื–ืึท ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ, ื•ื™ ืขืก ืฐืฒึทื–ื˜ ืื•ื™ืก, ื“ื™ ืึทื ื˜ืฐื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืจืึทืžืข "ืื™ื•ื‘". ื“ืึธืก ื“ืขืจืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ, 
ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืกืžืš ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื”ืขืคื˜-ื–ืฒึทื˜ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืขืœื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืŸ ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื“ืขืจ ืงืึทืคึผื™ื˜ืœ ื’' ืคื•ืŸ ืกืคืจ "ืื™ื•ื‘", ืื™ื– ื“ืึธ 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ. ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฆืขื ื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืœืขื˜ืœ, ืžื™ื˜ ื™.ืง'ืก ื”ืึทื ื˜ืฉืจื™ืคื˜: "ืงืึทืคึผื™ื˜ืœืขืŸ 
ืคื•ืŸ ืชึผื "ืš", ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืŸ ื˜ื™ื˜ืœ ืจืขื›ื˜ืก, ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜: "ืื™ื•ื‘ ื’',". ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžื“ื”ืกืชึผื ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ 
ืึธืจื™ื’ื™ื ืขืœืขืจ ื˜ื™ื˜ืœ, ืื•ืŸ ืึทืคึผื™ืœื• ืืคืฉืจ ื™. ืง'ืก ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืคึผืจื•ึผื•ื• ืื™ื‘ืขืจืฆื•ื–ืขืฆืŸ ืงืึทืคึผื™ื˜ืœืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืชึผื "ืš ื•ื”ืึธื“ืจืึทื™ื” -- ื“ื™ 


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ืงืึธืžืข ื‘ืฒึท "ืื™ื•ื‘ ื’',". ืื•ื™ืฃ ื”ืขื ื‘ืœืขื˜ืœ ืื™ื– ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืคืึทืจืึทืŸ ื ืึธืš ืึทืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืฉืจื™ืคื˜, ืึท ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจืข, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื 
ืื™ื™ื‘ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืœื™ื ืงืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื ืงืœ ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึทืœื‘ ืคึฟืึทืจืžืขืงื˜-- ืก'ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืึท ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจืขืจ ืฆื•ื’ืึธื‘ ืฐืึธืก ื™.ืง. ืึทืœืฒื™ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืก ื ืึธืš 
ื“ืขื ืืฑืกื’ืขืฉื˜ืจืึธื›ืŸ: 111 ื˜ืขืจ ืึทืงื˜"ืŸ. ืงืึทืคึผื™ื˜ืœ ื’ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ืกืคืจ ืื™ื•ื‘ ืื™ื– ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื’ืขื‘ืจืึทื›ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืจื™ื˜ืŸ 
ืึทืงื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืจืึทืžืข. ืก'ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืึทื– ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆื˜ืขืจ ืคึผืจืง ื’' ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜, ืคืึทืจืŸ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ื“ืจืึทืžืข. ื“ืึธืก ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืš ืึทืจืฑืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ืข ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืฉืข ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืฐืึธืก ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ 
ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ ื ืึธืš ืึท ืคืึทืจื’ืœืฒึทืš ืฆืฐื™ืฉืŸ ื“ืขื ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜ืŸ ืคึผืจืง ื’' ืคืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืชึผื "ืš-ืึธืฐื ื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื“ืจืึทืžืึทื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืข ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืจืึทืžืข "ืื™ื•ื‘" (ื–ืข ื“ื™ ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืฆืฐื™ืฉืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ 
ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืฉืŸ ืฆื•ื”ืึทื ื’). 

ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฆื™ ื“ื™ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜ืข ืคึผืจืงื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ืชึผื "ืš ืฐืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืฆื• ืื•ื ื“ื– ื“ืขืจื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ, ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืฆืก ืึทืœืข 
ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื™ื™ืง. ื”ืึธื˜ ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืชึผื "ืš-ืึธืฐื ื˜ืŸ, ืก'ืื™ื– ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืกืคืง ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึทื– ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆืขืจื™ืฉืข ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืชึผื "ืš-ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ืกืš ืึท ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืขืจืข. ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืขื“ื•ืช ื“ื™ 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจื™ืงืข ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜ืข ืชึผื "ืš-ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืžื™ืจ ื˜ืจืขืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจืข ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ืข ืฉืึทืคื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, 
ื•ื™ ืœืžืฉืœ ื“ื™ ืคึผืกื•ืงื™ื 1-- 16 ืื•ืŸ 28 -- 30 ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืง ืœ"ื“ ืื™ืŸ ืกืคืจ ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ ืฐืึธืก ืคืขืœืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืชึผื "ืš- 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื™ืึธ ื’ืขื‘ืจืึทื›ื˜ ืื™ืŸ "ืขืœ ื ื”ืจื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืœ". 

ื“ืขืจ ื–ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึธืคึผืงืœืฒึทื‘ ื‘ืฒึทื ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆืŸ ืชึผื "ื›ื™ืฉืข ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช-ืชึผืงื•ืคื” ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข 
ืื™ื– ืขื ื’ ืคืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื ื—ื” ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืื™ืฆื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜, ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ื“ืึธืก ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืœืฑื˜ืขืจืข ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื, 
ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื‘ืึทื–ื™ื ื˜ ืขืจืฉื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคื˜-ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื. ืคืึทืจ ื“ื™ ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ 
ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื”ืฒึทื ื˜, ืึท ื“ืขืจืœืฒึทื˜ืขืจื•ื ื’ ืคืึทืจืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคื˜. ื“ืขืจ ืชึผื "ืš, ื•ื™ ืึท ืžืงื•ืจ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื ื—ืžื” ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทื–ื™ื ื•ื ื’ ืคืึทืจืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืงื™ื•ื, ืื™ื– ื“ืึธ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจืึทืฐื™ื˜ืึทืฆื™ืข-ืฆืขื ื˜ืขืจ ืคึฟืึทืจืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฆืŸ ืึธืคึผืงืœืฒึทื‘. 

ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืกืคืจ ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ื”ืึธื˜ ื™.ืง. ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜ ืฆื•ื ืžืขืจืกื˜ืŸ. ืึทืœืข ื“ื™ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜ืข ืคึผืจืงื™ื ื’ืขื”ืขืจืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืฆื• ื“ื™ 
ื ื‘ื•ืื•ืช ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื™ืฉืขื™ื”ื• ื“ืขื ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ, ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืŸ-ื“ื•ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ื•ืœื™-ื‘ื‘ืœ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื‘ื™-ืฆื™ื•ืŸ. ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืื•ืœื”- 
ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆืฒึทื™ื˜ืŸ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ื•ืœื™ื™ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืœ; ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื“ื™ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจื ืขื ื˜ืขืจื ื“ื™ืงืข ืžืคึผืœื” ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืœ 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธื ืงื•ืžืขื ื“ื™ืงืข ืื•ื™ืกืœื™ื™ื–ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ื ืขื ืคืึธืœืง ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึท ืžื™ืกื™ืข ืฆื• ื“ืขืจืคื™ืœืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜. ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืงื™ื 
ืž"ื‘, ืž"ื–, ืž"ื—, ื‘ืึทืฆื™ึดืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืคืึทืจ ื‘ื‘ืœืก ืžืคึผืœื”, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื—ื™ื™ืœื•ืช ืคื•ืŸ ื›ึผื•ืจืฉืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ 
ื–ื™ืš ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื”ืึทื˜ ืึทืจืฒึทื ื’ืขืจื™ืกืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจืข ื’ืจืขื ืขืฆืŸ. ื“ืึธื˜ ืึธืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื‘ื•ืื•ืช ืื™ื– ื‘ื‘ืœ. ื“ื™ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื‘ื•ืื•ืช ืื™ืŸ 
ื“ื™ ืงืึทืคึผื™ื˜ืœืขืŸ ืž"ื˜, ื ื™, ืื™ื– ื‘ืึทืœื“ ื ืึธืš ื‘ื‘ืœืก ืžืคึผืœื” ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ึทื™ื ืึธื ื”ืฒื‘ ืคื•ื ืขื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืฆื•ืจื™ืงืงืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืœ. ืื™ืŸ 
ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืฆืขื ื˜ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ื•ื˜ืข ื ืฒึทืขืก ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฐืึธืก ืฐืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื’ื™ื›ืŸ ื’ืขืฉืขืŸ: ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ-ื’ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืื•ืŸ ืฆื™ื•ื ืก 
ืคึผืึธืœื™ื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืืฑืคึผืœืขื›. ื“ืึธืก ื›ืึทืจืึทืงื˜ืขืจื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืกื˜ืข ืคืึทืจืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืกืคืจ ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทื’ืจื™ืฃ: "ืขื‘ื“ 
ื”'" (ื–ืข ื“ืึธืจื˜, ืคึผืจืงื™ื ืž"ื‘, 1-- 9; ืž"ื˜, 1-- 6 ืื•ืŸ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ; ื ', 4-- 9 ืื•ืŸ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ) ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ืข ื‘ืขืช 
ื“ืขืจ ื’ืื•ืœื” ืคื•ืŸ ืคึฟืึธืœืง ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืฒึทืกื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืื•ื™ืกืœื™ื™ื–ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜. 

ื“ืขืจ ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“ ื’ืขืคื™ื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื™.ืง-ืึทืจื›ื™ื•ื• ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ืœื•ื—ืžื™ ื”ื’ื™ื˜ืื•ืช ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืจืขื’ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ืจื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื ื•ืž' 
2, 


ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ืž"ื‘ 
ื) ืกืื™ ื“ืึธืš ืžืฒึทืŸ ืงื ืขื›ื˜- 
ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ ืื™ื ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืฃ . 
ืžืฒึทืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื“ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื™ืœื˜ืขืจ -- 
152 


ื‘) 


ื’) 


ื“) 


ืžืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขืฐื•ึผื ื˜ืฉืขื ืขืจ! 
ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ื ืžืฒึทืŸ ื’ืฒื™ืกื˜ ื’ืขืœืึธื–ืŸ ืจื•ืขืŸ, 
ืขืจ ืฐื•ืขื˜ ื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ื™ืžืขืŸ ืคืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืคืขืœืงืขืจ. 


ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืฉืจืฒึทืขืŸ, 
ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืคื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืงื•ืœ, 
ื ื™ื˜ ืœืึธื–ืŸ ื”ืขืจืŸ ืื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื“ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ. 


ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื ื™ื˜, ืึท ื“ืขืจืฉืœืึธื’ืขื ืข ืึท ืฉื™ืœืฃ, 
ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ื•ืจืขื–ื›ืŸ, 

ืื•ืŸ ื•ืคืœืึทืงืก} ืฐืึธืก ื˜ืœื™ืฆื˜-- 

ืขืจ ืฐื•ืขื˜ ืขืก ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจืœืขืฉืŸ, 

ืขืจ ืฐืขื˜ ืึทืจืฑืกืœืึธื–ืŸ ื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜, 
ืึทืœื™ื™ืŸ, ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ ื“ืขื ืืžืช. 


ืขืจ ืฐืขื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืฉืฐืึทืš, 
ื ื™ื˜ ืฆืขื‘ืจืึธื›ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ -- 

ื‘ื™ื– ืืฒึทื™ื ืคื™ืจืŸ ืขืจ ืฐืขื˜ 
ื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืœืึทื ื“! 
ืื•ืŸ ืก'ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืื™ื ื“ื–ืœืขืŸ 
ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืชึผื•ืจื” ื”ืึธืคืŸ. 


ืงื” ืœื“ืขืจ ืคึผืกื•ืง ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจ= 


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ืื™ืš ื’ืึธื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืคืŸ ื“ื™ืš, 
ื’ืขืฉื˜ื™ืฆื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืขื”ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ืš, 

ื“ื™ืš ืฆื•ื ื‘ื•ื ื“ ื’ืขืžืึทื›ื˜, ืฆื•ื ืคืึธืœืงืกื‘ื•ื ื“, 

ืึท ืœื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจ ืคืขืœืงืขืจ! 


ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืฆืŸื•ื–ืขืคืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ืœื™ื ื“ืข, 


ืึท ื’ืขื‘ื•ื ื“ืขื ืขื ืึทืจืฑืกื ืขืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืชึผืคื™ืกื”, 
ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขืคืขื ืงืขื ื™ืฉ ื“ื™ ืึทืœืข ืฐืึธืก ื–ื™ืฆืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจ. 


153 


ื—) 


ื˜) 


ื™( 


ืจ ื) 


ืœ"ื– ื‘) 


5'/ ื’) 


5 ื“) 


ื˜"ื•) 


ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ืึธื˜! ื“ืขืจ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืขืก! 
ื›'ืฐืขืœ ื ื™ื˜ ืึทืฐืขืงื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื›ึผื‘ื•ื“, 
ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืœื•ื™ื‘ ื“ื™ ื’ืขื˜ืฉืŸ. 


ื–ืข, ื–ืข -- ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืึทืœืข, 
ืื•ืŸ ื ืฒึทื™ึดืงืฒื˜ืŸ -- ืื™ืš ื–ืึธื’ ืึทืฆื™ื ื“ ื–ื™ื™ ืึถืŸ! 
ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ื ืึธืš ื–ืฒึท ืฐืึทืงืกืŸ ืื•ื™ืก ืฐืขืœ ืื™ืš ืืฒึทื™ืš ืก'ืœืึธื–ืŸ ื”ืขืจืŸ! 


ื–ื™ื ื’ื˜, ื–ื™ื ื’ื˜ ืฆื• ื’ืึธื˜ ืึท ื ืฒึท ื’ืขื–ืึทื ื’, 
ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืœืฑื™ื‘ื’ืขื–ืึทื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืขื ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืึธืจ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“, 

ื–ื™ ืึทืœืข ืฐืึธืก ื–ื™ื™ ืœืึธื–ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื™ื ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคื•ืœืŸ, 
ื“ื™ ืื™ื ื“ื–ืœืขืŸ ืึทืœืข ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ื‘ืึทืฐืฑื ืขืจ. 


ื“ืขืจ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืฉื˜ืขื˜, ืึธืึทื–ืŸ, 
ื“ืขืจ ืืฒื™ื ืฐืฑื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืงื“ืจ -- ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืึธืœืŸ ืึทืœืข ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื™ื, 
ื–ืึธืœืŸ ื–ื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™, ืึทืœืข ื“ื™ ืฐืึธืก ื–ื™ืฆืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืขืœื“ื–ืŸ, 

ื–ื™ ื–ืึธืœืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืฉืจื™ื™ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืฉืคึผื™ืฆืŸ ื‘ืขืจื’. 


ื–ื™ ื–ืึธืœืŸ ื›ึผื‘ื•ื“ ืึธืคึผื’ืขื‘ืŸ, ื–ื™ ืึทืœืข ื’ืึธื˜, 
ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืœื•ื™ื‘ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืื™ื ื“ื–ืœืขืŸ. 


ื’ืึธื˜ ืฐืขื˜ ื‘ืึทืฐืฒึทื–ืŸ ื•ื™ ืึท ื”ืขืœื“ ื–ื™ืš, 

ื•ื™ ืึท ืžืœื—ืžื”-ืžืึทืŸ ืฐืขื˜ ืขืจ ื“ืขืจื•ื•ืขืงืŸ ืงื ืื”, 
ืœื™ืึทืจ'ืžืขืŸ ืฐืขื˜ ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืฉืจืฒื™ืขืŸ ื’ืึธืจ ืžืขื›ื˜ื™ืง, 
ืขืจ ืฐืขื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืคืฒึทื™ื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฉื˜ืึทืจืงืŸ! 


ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืึธืŸ ื’ืขืฉื•ื•ื™ื’ืŸ, 

ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืœ, 

ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืืฒึทื ื’ืขื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ืš... 

ื›'ื•ื•ืขืœ ืื•ื™ืคืฆื™ืฉืŸ ื•ื™ ืึท ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ืจืขืจืŸ ื™ืขืฆื˜ ืฉื˜ืึทืจืง, 
ื›'ื•ื•ืขืœ ืืฑืกืึธื˜'ืžืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืึทืŸ ืึธื˜ืขื ื˜ืึธืŸ ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ -- 


ื›'ืฐืขืœ ื—ืจื•ื‘ ืžืึทื›ืŸ ื‘ืขืจื’ ืื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื’ืœืขืŸ, 
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ื˜"ื–) 


ื“ื™ื–) 


ื›'? ื—) 


5'?" ื˜) 


ื›) 


ื›"ื) 


ื›"ื‘) 


ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืจืขื–ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ืคืึทืจื˜ืจื™ืง'ื ืขืŸ, 
ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืฒึทื›ืŸ ืžืึทื›ืŸ ืื™ื ื“ื–ืœืขืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ื›'ื˜ืจื™ืงืŸ ื–ื•ืžืคึผืŸ ืื•ื™ืก... 


ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ ื‘ืœื™ื ื“ืข ืฐืฒึทื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืคื™ืจืŸ, 
ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื ืึธืš ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืขื ื˜, - 

ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืฉื˜ืขื’ืŸ ื ืฒึท ืฐืึธืก ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ, 
ืฐืขืœ ืื™ืš ื–ื™ื™ ืœืึธื–ืŸ ื˜ืจืขื˜ืŸ, 

ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจื ื™ืฉ ื–ื™ื™ ืงืขื’ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ 
ืžืึทื›ืŸ ืœื™ื›ื˜, 

ืื•ืŸ ืงืจื•ืžืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืฆื• ื’ืœืฒึทื›ืงืฒื˜. 

ื“ืึธืก ืึทืœืฅ-- ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘'ืก ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ 

ืื•ืŸ ืœืึธื– ื ื™ื˜ ืึธืคึผ ืขืก! 


ื–ื™ ื˜ืจืขื˜ืŸ ืฆ'ืจื™ืง, ืคืึทืจืฉืขืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืึทื ื“, 
ืึทืœืข ื“ื™ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึธื ืคืึทืจื˜ืจืฑื˜ ื“ืขื ื’ืขืฉื ื™ืฆื˜ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืฉ ื–ื™ืš, 
ืึทืœืข ื“ื™ ืฐืึธืก ืจื•ืคืŸ ืฆื•ื ื’ืขื’ืึธืกืŸ ื‘ื™ืœื“: ืื™ืจ ื’ืขื˜ืขืจ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข! 


ืื™ืจ ื˜ื•ื™ื‘ืข ื”ืขืจื˜, ื”ืขืจื˜ ืืฒึทืŸ ื–ื™ืš, 
ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืœื™ื ื“ืข ืื™ืจ-- ืงื•ืงื˜, ืงื•ืงื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืขื˜: 


ื•ื•ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ืึทื–ืฑ ื‘ืœื™ื ื“ ื•ื™ ื ืึธืจ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืงื ืขื›ื˜? 
ืื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื‘ ืึทื–ืฑ ืฐื™ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฉืœื™ื— ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืš ืฉื™ืง-- 
ื•ื•ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ืึทื–ืฑ ื‘ืœื™ื ื“ ื•ื™ ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืœืงื•ืžืขื ืขืจืŸ,} 
ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืœื™ื ื“ ืึทื–ืฑ ื ืึธืš ืฐื™ ื’ืึธื˜ืก ืงื ืขื›ื˜? 


ื“ื•, ืฐืึธืก ื“ื• ื–ืขืกื˜ ืึท ืกืš ืื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื˜ืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืึธืคึผ, 
ืึธืคืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืื•ื™ืขืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื”ืขืจื˜ ื ื™ื˜-- 


ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืคืขืœืŸ ืื™ื ืึทื–ืฑ, ื“ืขื ืื™ื™ื‘ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ, ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘, 
ืึทื–ืฑ ืึธ ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืชึผื•ืจื” ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึทืจืงืŸ ื–ื™. 


ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ, ืึท ืคืึธืœืง ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื‘ืึทืจืฑื‘ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืคึผืœื™ื ื“ืขืจื˜, 


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ืคืึทืจื‘ืœืึธื–ืขื ืข ืื™ืŸ ืœืขื›ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™, ื–ื™ื™ ืึทืœืข! ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืคืขื ืข ืื™ืŸ ืชึผืคื™ืกื•ืช, 
ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืฆื• ืจื•ื™ื‘, ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืจืึทื˜ืขืฐืขื˜ ื–ื™ ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ, 
ืฆื• ืคึผืœื™ื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ -- ืื•ืŸ ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื ื™ื˜, ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื’ื™ื‘ ืึธืคึผื• 
ื›"ื’) ืึทึธ ืฐืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืืฒึทื™ืš, ื•ืขืจ ืฐื•ืขื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื•ืขืจ ืฆื•ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขื? 
ืคืึทืจื ืขืžืขืŸ ืขืก, ืื•ืŸ ื”ืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืฒึทืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ืึทืจืฃ? 
ื›"ื“) ืฐืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืก ื”ืคืงืจ ื™ืขืงื‘'ืŸ ื’ืขืžืึทื›ื˜, ืฆื• ืคึผืœื™ื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ ืื™ื? 
ืื•ืŸ ืฆื• ืคึผืœื™ื ื“ืขืจืขืจ ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœืŸ? 
ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืš ื’ืึธื˜, ืคืึทืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคืึทืจื–ื™ื ื“ื™ืงื˜, 
ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ? 
ืื•ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืชึผื•ืจื” ื–ืฒึทื™ื ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื•ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ื ื™ื™ืŸ. 


ื›"ื”) ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืจื™ืžืฆืึธืจืŸ ืืฑืกื’ืขื’ืึธืกืŸ ืฉื˜ืึทืจืง ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ื, 
ืื•ืŸ ืฉืจืขืงืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืœื—ืžื”. 
ืื•ืŸ ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ืึทื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขื‘ืจืขื ื˜ ืื™ื, ืื™ื ืึทืจื•ื-- 
ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜'ืก ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜... 
ืื•ืŸ ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ืฆืขืคืœืึทืงืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื -- 
ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืขืจ ื ืขืžื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืขืก ืฆื•ื ื”ืึทืจืฆืŸ. 


ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ืž"ื–* 


ื) ืœืึธื– ืึทืจืึธืคึผ ื–ื™ืš 
ืื•ืŸ ื–ืขืฅ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš, 
ืึธ ื™ื•ื ื’ืคืจื•ื™, ื˜ืึธื›ื˜ืขืจ ื‘ื‘ืœืก, ื“ื•! 
ื–ื™ืฅ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืจ'ืขืจื“... 
ื ื™ื˜ืึธ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ืœ ืึธ {ื˜ืึธื›ื˜ืขืจืŸ ื›ึผืฉื‚ื“ื™ืžืก, 
ื“ื• ื•ื•ืขืกื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืžืขืจืขืจ ื ื™ื˜-- 
ืžืขืŸ ืฐืขื˜ ื“ื™ืš ืžืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืจื•ืคืŸ: 
ื“ื™ ืื™ื™ื“ืขืœืข! ื“ื™ ืฆืึทืจื˜ืข! 
* ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื›ึผืกื“ืจ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฉื•ืจื”ื•ื•ืฒึทื–, ืขืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืคืึทืจืึทืŸ ืกื™ืžื ื™ื ืคืึทืจ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืฉื•ืจื” ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจ. 
ืก'ืื™ื– ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืึทื– ื™.ืง. ื”ืึธื˜ ืึทื–ืฑ ื’ืขื”ืึทื ื“ืœื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืžืึทื ื’ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืึธืจื˜. ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ืž"ื– ืคืึทื ื’ื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ืึธืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืชึผื "ืš-ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’ืขืŸ. 


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ื“) 


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ื“ืขื ืžื™ืœืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื ืขื ืื•ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ื“ืขื ืžืขืœ 

ื“ืขืง ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืคืœืขื›ื˜ืŸ ื“ืฒึทื ืข, ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ, 
ืึทื ื˜ื”ื™ืœ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืœืขืคึผ, ืึทื ื˜ื‘ืœืฑื– ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื”ื™ืคื˜, 
ืฉืคึผืจืฒึทื™ื– ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื˜ืฒึทื›ืŸ. 


ื–ืึธืœ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขื“ืขืงื˜ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืึทื ื“, 

ื“ื™ ื—ืจืคึผื” ื“ืฒึทื ืข ื–ืึธืœ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืื•ื™ืš... 
ื ืงืžื” ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืขืœ ืื™ืš 

ืื•ืŸ ืฐืขืœ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ื ื™ื˜ ืฆืขืจืŸ. 


ืก'ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืœื™ื™ื–ืขืจ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืขืจ, ื’ืึธื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื‘ืื•ืช ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืจ, 
1ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ืœื™ืงืขืจ ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœืก!ืŸ 


ื–ื™ืฅ ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ื•ืžื˜ 

ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจื ื™ืฉ {ืคืึทืจื’ื™ื™ืŸ 

ืึธ ื˜ืึธื›ื˜ืขืจ ื›ึผืฉื‚ื“ื™ืžืก, 

ื“ื• ื•ื•ืขืกื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืžืขืจืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ - , 

ืžืขืŸ ืฐืขื˜ ื“ื™ืš ืžืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืจื•ืคืŸ: ื“ื™ ื”ืึทืจื™ื ื˜ืข 
ืคื•ืŸ ืงื™ื ื™ื’ืจืฒึทื›ืŸ! - 


ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืคืึธืœืง ื’ืขืฆืขืจื ื˜, 

ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืคืึทืจืื•ืžืจืฒื™ื ื™ืงื˜ ืžืฒึทื™ืŸ ื ื—ืœื”, 

ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืึทื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืฒึทื ืขืจ ืึทืฐืขืงื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™"- 
ื”ืึธืกื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจื‘ืึทืจืขืžื˜, 

ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื‘ืึทืฉืฐืขืจื˜ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื™ืึธืš ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึทืœื˜.- 


ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜: 

ืืฒื™ื‘ื™ืง ืึทื–ืฑ ืฐืขืœ ืื™ืš ืึท ื”ืึทืจื™ื ื˜ืข ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ! 

ื‘ื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธืกื˜ื• ื–ื™ืš ื“ืึธืก ืึทืœืฅ ืฆื•ื ื”ืึทืจืฆืŸ. 
ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืกื•ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจืŸ. 


ื”ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืก ืขืก ื™ืขืฆื˜, ืึธ ืื™ื™ื“ืขืœืข, 
ื“ื•, ืฐืึธืก ื“ื• ื–ื™ืฆืกื˜ ื™ืขืฆื˜ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ, 


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ื“ื•, ืฐืึธืก ื“ื• ื–ืึธื’ื˜ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฆืŸ ื–ื™ืš: ืื™ืš ืื™ืš! 


ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกืขืจ ืžื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ืึธ ืžืขืจ ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ... 


ืื™ืš ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืืœืžื ื” ืžืขืจ, 


/ืื•ืŸ ืฐืขืœ ืื•ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ-ืื•ืžืงื•ื ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ. 


ื–ื™ ื˜ึฐืจืขืคืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื“ื™ืš, 


ื–ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ืจ, 


| ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื˜ืึธื’ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื ืฒึทืขื, 


)* 


ืœื› ื) 


20 ื‘) 


ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ-ืึธืคึผืฉื˜ืึทืจื‘ ืื•ืŸ ืืœืžื ื”ืฉืึทืคื˜ 
ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ืจ ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ {} 
ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืขื”ืฒื™ืขืจืŸ ื›ึผื™ืฉื•ืฃ ืฐืึธืก ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืจื™ื‘ืŸ 


ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ ื“ื™ ืฆืฑื‘ืขืจืฉืคึผืจื•ื›ืŸ ื“ืฒึทื ืข ืึธืŸ ืึท ืžืึธืก... 


ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื’ืขื–ื™ื›ืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืœ ื“ืึธืก ื‘ื™ื™ื–. ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ * 
ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜: ืขืก ื–ืขื˜ ืžื™ืš ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ! 

ืคืึทืจืคื™ืจื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ืš ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื—ื›ืžื” ืื•ืŸ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืงืขื ืขืŸ 
ื“ืขืจื‘ืฒึทื™ ื”ืึธืกื˜ื• ื’ืขื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฅ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืฒึทื ืขื: 

ื ืึธืจ ืื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ืžืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ! 


ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืงื•ืžื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ืจ ืึทืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืง 

ืื•ืŸ ืฐืขืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืึทืฉืฒื“ ืึทืคื™ืœื•, 

ืื•ืŸ ืก'ื‘ืึทืคืึทืœื˜ ืึท ื•ื•ื™ืกื˜ืข ื‘ื™ื™ื– ื“ื™ืจ 

ืื•ืŸ ืฐืขืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ืžื›ืคึผืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืจ, 

ืื•ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืจืึธืš, ืึท ื‘ืจืึธืš ืฐืขื˜ ืคึผืœื•ืฆืœื™ื ื’ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ืจ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืึทืคื™ืœื• ื ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืฐื•ึผ. 


ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ื“ื•, ื‘ืฒึท ื“ืฒึทื ืข ืฆืฑื‘ืขืจืฉืคึผืจื•ื›ืŸ 

ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืฒึท ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื›ึผื™ืฉื•ืฃ-ืžืึทื›ืขืจืฒื™, 

ืžื™ื˜ ืฐืึธืก ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื’ืขืžืึทื˜ืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืฒึทื ืข ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ-ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืึธืŸ 1 
ืืคืฉืจ ื•ืขืกื˜ื• ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื”ืขืœืคืŸ ื–ื™ืš, 

ืืคืฉืจ ื•ื•ืขืกื˜ื• ืฐื•ืขืจืŸ ื’ืึธืจ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทืจืงื˜. 


* ื‘ื™ื– ื“ืึทื ืขืŸ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื›ึผืกื“ืจ. ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึทื ืขืŸ - ืฉื•ืจื”ืฐืฒื™ืŸ. 


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ื™"ื’) ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืžื™ื“ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ 
ืคื•ื ืขื ืฆื•ืคื™ืœ ื™ื™ึดืฉื•ื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืฒึทื™ื ืขื! 
ืึทื“ืจื‘ื, 
ื–ืึธืœืŸ ื–ื™ ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขื ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื ืึธืจ ืึทืœืข, 
ืื•ืŸ ื–ืึธืœืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื“ื™ืจ ื”ืขืœืคืŸ, ื“ื™ ื”ื™ืžืœ-ื–ืขืขืจ 
ืฐืึธืก ืงื•ืงืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ, 
ื“ื™ ืึธื ื–ืึธื’ืขืจ ืฆื• ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ื ืฒึทื™ืœื‘ื ื” 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฐืึธืก ืก'ื“ืึทืจืฃ ื“ื™ืจ ื˜ืจืขืคืŸ. 


ื™"ื“) ื’ืขื’ืœื™ื›ืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืฆื• ืฉื˜ืจื•ื™, 
ื“ืึธืก ืคืฒึทืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืึทืจื‘ืจืขื ื˜ ื–ื™ื™, 
ื–ื™ื™ ืฐืขืœืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึทืœืฒืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืœืึทืก ื ื™ื˜ ืจืึทื˜ืขืฐืขืŸ, 
ื ื™ื˜ืึธ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืงื•ื™ืœ ื ื™ื˜ ืึท ืฆืขื’ืœื™ื˜ืข ืื•ื™ืฃ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจืฐืึทืจืขืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš, 
ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืฒึทืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื›ึผื“ื™ ืึทื•ื•ืขืงืฆื•ื–ืขืฆืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึทื ื˜ืงืขื’ืŸ ืื™ื. 


ื˜"ื•) ื“ืึธืก ืึธ ื˜ืึทืงืข ืงื•ืžื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ืจ ืคืึทืจ ืึทืœ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืžื™.- 
ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื“ืœืขืจ ืึทืœืข ื“ืฒื™ื ืข, 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืฒึทื ืข ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ-ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืึธืŸ - 
ืึทืฐืขืงื’ืขื‘ืœืึธื ื“ื–ืฉืขื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึทืœืข ื–ื™ื™, 
ื™ืขื“ืขืจืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื–ื™ื™ื˜ - 
ื ื™ื˜ืึธ ืขืจ ืก'ื–ืึธืœ ื“ื™ืš ื”ืขืœืคืŸ. 


ืฆื•ื ืงืึทืคึผื™ื˜ืœ ืž'"ื— 


ื“ืขืจ ื ื‘ื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึทืคึผื™ื˜ืœ ืžื ื‘ื™ื– ื ืึธืŸื›ื–ืŸ ื ื•ืŸ 

ื”ืึธื˜ ืœื™ื‘ ืึท ื’ืฑ, 

ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืœื™ื‘ ื“ืขื ืคึผื•ืขืจืกื–ืขืจ ื›ึผื•ืจืฉ 

ืื•ืŸ -- 

ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืึทืจ ืื™ื ืฉื˜ืึทืจืง ืžื•ืจื.., 

ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืœื™ื‘ ืื™ื -- ืฐืฒึทืœ ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืึท ื”ืขืœื“ 

ืื•ืŸ ืจืึทื˜ืขืฐืขื˜ ื“ื™ ืฉืฐืึทื›ืข ืคืขืœืงืขืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜. 
ืจ'ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืžื•ืจื ืึทื– ื–ืฒึทืขื ื“ื™ืง ืฆื•ืคืจื™ื“ืŸ 


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ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ 

ื–ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื 

ื“ืขื ืืœื”ื™ื.., 

ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืžื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ืึทื– ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ื’ื•ื™ 

ืื™ื– ืื“ึนื ึธื™!... 

ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ื•ื ืขืจื˜ ืขืจ, ื•ื™ืฉืขื™ื”, ืื™ืŸ } 
ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฆืŸ ืงื•ืœ 

ื ืึธืš ืึท ืžืึธืœ ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืš ืึท ืžืึธืœ: 

ื’ืขื“ืขื ืงื˜ (ืื™ืŸ) ื’ืึธื˜! 


ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ืœ ื‘ืึทืฐืฒึทื–ืฅ { 
ื’ืึธื˜! 

ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ืŸ ืึทืœืข ืื•ืŸ { } 
ื“ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื–ืขืขื ืขืจ {, ื“ืขืจ 1 


ื™ืฉืขื™ื”! ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ืฐื™ืŸื“ืขืจ!ืŸ 

{ ืงืึทื–ืคึผื™ื˜ืœ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืฐื•ึผืกื˜ืขืจ, 

1 | ืžื-ื—ื™ืช! | 

1 } ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื ืคืงื-ืžื™ื ื”, ื‘ืจื™ื“ืขืจ; 
ื ืžื-ื—ื™ืช! ืžื-ื˜ื™ืช! 

(ืื™ื˜ืœืข)ื›ืขืจ ืงืึทืคึผื™ื˜ืœ ืื™ื– ืึท ืžื•ืกื˜ืขืจ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืึธื˜ืก ืฐืึธืจื˜, 

ืื™ื– ืึท ื ืก! 

ื”ืึธืจื›ื˜! 


ืจืขืฆื™ื˜. ื 


ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ืž"ื— 


ื) 


ืื™ืจ ื–ืึธืœื˜ ืขืก ื”ืขืจืŸ, ืื™ืจ, ื“ืึธืก ื”ื•ื™ื– ื™ืขืงื‘ืก 

ื“ื™ ืฐืึธืก ืจื•ืคืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ 

ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฐืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”ืก ืื™ื ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื“ ืึทืจืฑืก 
ื“ื™ ืฐืึธืก ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืฒึทื ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ื’ืึธื˜ื˜, 

ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ืขืŸ ืื™ื ื“ืขื ื’ืึธื˜ ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœืก, 

ื ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืฐืึธืจื”ืึทืคื˜ื™ืงืฒื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืจืขื›ื˜. 


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ื‘) 


ื’) 


ื“) 


ื”) 


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ื ืึธืจ ืฐืฒึทืœ ื–ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ 

ื“ืขืจ ื”ืฒื™ืœื™ืงืขืจ ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ -- 

ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ื˜ืึทืงืข ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืฃ ื’ืึธื˜, ืื•ื™ืฃ ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœืก, 
ื“ืขืจ ื’ืึธื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื‘ืื•ืช ืื™ื– ืขืจ! 


ื“ื™ ืคึผืึทืกื™ืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข - 

ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ืคืึธืจืฑืกื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืœืึทื ื’ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ, 
ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘'ืก ืคื•ืŸ ืžื•ื™ืœ ืึทืจืฑืกื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜, 
ื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ืขืก ื”ืขืจืŸ... 

ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืฆื•ื’ืขืจื™ื›ื˜ ืขืก ืคึผืœื•ืฆืœื™ื ื’ 

ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจืœืึธืคืŸ ื–ื™ืš! 


ืฐืฒึทืœ ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ื•ื˜ ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜ ืึทื– ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ื”ืึทืจื˜, 
ืื•ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืึทืŸ ืืฒึทื–ืขืจื ืขืจ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื ืึทืงืŸ! 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ ื“ืฒึทื ืขืจ- {ืงื•ืคึผืขืจืŸ-- 


ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื“ืขืจืคึผืึทืจ ืคืึทืจืงื™ื ื“ื™ืงื˜ {ืคืจื™ึดืขืจ ื“ื™ืจ}... 

ื ืึธืš ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืึทืจืœืึธืคืŸ ื–ื™ืš-- 

ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ื“ื™ืš ื”ืขืจืŸ! 

ืฐืฒึทืœ ื˜ืึธืžืขืจ ื–ืึธื’ืกื˜ื•: 

ืžืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืก ื’ืขืฉืึทืคืŸ! 

ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ืœื“, ืžืฒึทื™ืŸ ื’ืขื’ืึธืกืŸ ื‘ื™ืœื“ {ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืก ื‘ืึทืคื•ื™ืœืŸ.ืŸ 


ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜'ืก ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜-- 

ื™ืขืฆื˜ ืงื•ืง ืฆื• ืึทืœืขื ื“ืขื ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•-- 

ืื•ืŸ -- ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืึทืœืฒืŸ, ื–ืฒึทื™ื˜ ืžื•ื“ื”:. 

ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขืฆื˜ ื“ื™ืš ื”ืขืจืŸ ื ืฒึทืกืŸ, 

ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจื‘ืึธืจื’ืขื ื™ืฉืŸ, 

ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜. 


ื–ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื™ืขืฆื˜, ืขืจืฉื˜ ื™ืขืฆื˜ ืึทื ื˜ืฉื˜ืึทื ืขืŸ,| 
ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืœืึทื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืขื›ื˜ืŸ -- 
ื”ืึธืกื˜'ืก ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ -- 


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ืฐืฒึทืœ ื˜ืึธืžืขืจ ื–ืึธื’ืกื˜ื•-- "ื™ืึท! 
ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘'ืก ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜!" 


ื—) ืึธื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื’ืึธืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜, 
ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜, ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜! 
ืคื•ืŸ ืœืึทื ื’ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ, ืคื•ืŸ ืœืึทื ื’ ืึธืŸ 
ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืื•ืขืจ ืึธืคืŸ... 
ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜, ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜: ื“ื• ื•ืขืกื˜ ืคืึทืจืŸืจืึทื˜ืฑืŸ 
ืึท ืคืึทืจื‘ืจืขื›ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ืจืŸ ื‘ื™ืกื˜ื•! 


ื˜) ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ ื“ืขื ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืขื ืฐืขืœ ืื™ืš ื’ืขื“ื•ืœื“ื™ืง ื–ืฒึทืŸืŸ.ืŸ 
ืžืฒึทืŸ ืœื•ื™ื‘ ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘-- 
ื”ืึทืœื˜ ืื™ืš ืืฒึทืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฆืึธืจืŸ ืงืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ืจ -- 
ื“ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจื˜ื™ืœื™ืงืŸ... 


) ืขืข, ื–ืข, 
ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขืœืฒึทื˜ืขืจื˜ ื“ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืœื‘ืขืจ, 
ืื•ืŸ ืืฑืกื’ืขืคึผืจื•ึผืฐื•ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืงืขืกืœ ื“ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืฒึทืŸ. 


ื™"ื) ืึทืœื™ื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจ ืžื™ืจ, ืคืึทืจ ืžื™ืจ ืฐืขืœ ืื™ืš ืขืก ื˜ืึธืŸ, 
ืฐืฒึทืœ ื•ื™ ืึทื–ืฑ ืงืขืŸ ืื™ืš ืคืึทืจืฉื•ื•ืขื›ืŸ ืื™ื? 
ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื›'ื•ื•ืขืœ ื“ืขื ื›ึผื‘ื•ื“ ืžืฒึทื ืขื ืึทืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืฉืขื ืงืขืŸ! 


ื™"ื‘) ื”ืขืจ ืฆื• ืžื™ืš, ื™ืขืงื‘, 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ื• ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ, ื‘ืึทืจื•ืคืขื ืขืจ: ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ื 'ืก! 
ืื™ืš ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ, 
ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืขืจ ืœืขืฆื˜ืขืจ - ืื™ืš! 


ื™"ื’) ืก'ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ืžืฒึทืŸ ื”ืึทื ื˜ 
ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ื“ืขื ื’ืจื•ื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ (ื’ืึธืจืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“ 
ืื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืจืขื›ื˜ืข ืื™ื– (ืขืกืŸ | 
ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ื”ื™ืžืœ ืืฑืกื’ืขื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸืŸ,ืŸ 
ืื™ืš ื’ื™ื‘ ืึท ืจื•ืฃ ื–ื™ ืึทืœืข 
162 


ืื•ืŸ ืึทืœืข ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืฃ ืฆืฐื–ืึทืžืขืŸ. 


ื™"ื“) ืงืœืฒึทื‘ื˜ ืึทืœืข ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืฃ ืื•ืŸ ื”ืขืจื˜: 
ื•ื•ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืข ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื˜'ืก ืคึผืึธืจืฑืกื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜? 
ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื™ื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ืื™ื ืœื™ื‘, 
ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื ื’ืขืคืขืœืŸ ื•ื•ืขื˜-- ื•ืฐื•ืขื˜ ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืœ ื˜ืึธืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืึธืจืขื ืฉื˜ืึทืจืง ืื™ืŸ ื›ึผืฉื‚ื“ื™ื. 


ื˜"ื•) ืื™ืš, ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืขืก ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜, 
ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ืื™ื, ื’ืขื‘ืจืึทื›ื˜ ืื™ื-- 
ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื’ ื’ืขืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ื. 


ื˜"ื–) ืงื•ืžื˜ ื ืขื ื˜ืขืจ ืฆื• ืžื™ืจ ืฆื•, ืื•ืŸ ื”ืขืจื˜ ({ืขืก ืื•ื™ืกืŸ: 
ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ื‘ืึทืœื“ ืื™ืŸ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘, ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื”ื™ื™ื {ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืขืก), 
ื’ืœืฒึทืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืฐื•ืขืจืŸ-- 
ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ื“ืึท! 
ืื•ืŸ ื™ืขืฆื˜-- ื“ืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ืš ื’ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืึทืจ ื’ืขืฉื™ืงื˜, 
ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืฒึทืกื˜. 


ื™"ื–) ืึทื–ืฑ ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื’ืึธื˜, ื“ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืœื™ื™ื–ืขืจ ื“ืฒึทื ืขืจ, 
ื“ืขืจ ื”ืฒื™ืœื™ืงืขืจ ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœืก: 
ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืึธื˜, ื“ืขืจ ื”ืึทืจ, 
ืื™ืš ืœืขืจืŸ, ืœืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ืš, ื“ื™ืจ ืฆื•ื ื ื•ืฆืŸ, 
ืื™ืš ืคื™ืจ ื“ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืขื’ 
ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ื“ื• ื–ืึธืœืกื˜ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ! 


ื™"ื—) ืึทืšึฐ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื• ืฐืึธืœืกื˜ ืคืึทืจื ื•ืžืขืŸ 
ื“ื™ ื’ืขื‘ืึธื˜ืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืข-- 
ืก'ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืฐื™ ืขืก ืฉื˜ืจืึธืžื˜ ืึท ื˜ืฒึทืš 
ื’ืขืฉื˜ืจืึธืžื˜ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืœื•ื, 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ื•ื™ ื“'ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื ื™ื. 


ื™"ื˜) ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื–ืึธืžืขืŸ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื–ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื•ื™ ื–ืึทืžื“, 
163 


ื›) 


ื›"ื) 


ื›"ื‘) 


ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืคึผืจืึธืฆืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื™ื ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืฒึทื ืข 
ื•ื™ ืงืขืจื ื“ืœืขืš-- 

ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจืฉื ื™ื˜ืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ ืืฑืกื’ืขืจืึธื˜ืŸ 

ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืจ ื“ืึทืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ 

ืงืขื’ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืžื™ืจ. 


ืึทืจืฑืก'ื˜! ืึทืจืฑืก'ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืœ! 

ืึทื ื˜ืœื•ื™ืคื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื›ึผืฉื‚ื“ื™ื ืžื™ื˜ ื•ืงื•ืœื•ืช} ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขื–ืึทื ื’, 
ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ืขืก, ืœืึธื–ื˜ ืขืก ื”ืขืจืŸืŸ,} 

ื˜ืจืึธื’ื˜ ืึทืจืฑืก ืขืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ (ื’ืึธืจื–ืขืจ ืฐืขืœื˜; 
ื–ืึธื’ื˜: ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืœื™ื™ื–ื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืึธื˜ 

ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื™ืขืงื‘ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืงื ืขื›ื˜. 


ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื“ืึธืจืฉื˜, ืึธ ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ 

ืื™ืŸ ืฐื™ืกื˜ืขื ื™ืฉืŸ -- ื“ื•ืจืš ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืจ'ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ื–ื™ื™. 
ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืึทืจ ื–ื™ ื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืขืœื“ื–ืŸ ื˜ืจื™ืคืŸ {(ืฐืึทืกื–ืขืจ 
ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ืคืขืœื“ื– ื’ืขืฉืคึผืึธืœื˜ืŸ 

ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืฐืึทืกืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืจื•ื ืขืŸ. 


"ื ื™ื˜ืึธ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื•ื, ื ื™ื™ืŸ! 
ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื’ืึธื˜, ืคืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืจืฉืขื™ื!" 


ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ืž"ื˜ 


ื) 


ื‘) 


ืื™ืจ ืื™ื ื“ื–ืœืขืŸ, ื”ืขืจื˜ ืžื™ืš ืื•ื™ืก, 

ืื•ืŸ ืคืขืœืงืขืจ, ืื™ืจ, ืคึผืึทืจื ืขืžื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืŸ ืžื™ืš: 
ืคื•ืŸ ืžื•ื˜ืขืจืœืฒึทื™ื‘ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืึธื˜ ื‘ืึทืจื•ืคืŸ ืžื™ืš, 

ืคื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทื™ืŸ ืžืึทืžืขืก ื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜-- 

ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื“ืขื ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืขื ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜. 


ื•ื™ ืึท ืฉืึทืจืคืข ืฉื•ื•ืขืจื“ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืžืฒึทื™ืŸ ืžื•ื™ืœ ื’ืขืžืึทื›ื˜ืŸ,} 


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ื’) 


ื“) 


ื”) 


0 


6 


ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืึทื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ืžื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืฉืึธื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื”ืึทื ื˜, 
ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืžืึทื›ื˜ ืžื™ืš ืฆื• ืึท {ืฉ|ืึทืจืฃ ื’ืขืฉืคึผื™ืฆื˜ืŸ ืคื™ื™ืœ 
ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืฒึทื™ืœื ื˜ืึทืฉ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขื ืžื™ืš ื‘ืึทื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ. 


ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืžื™ืจ: 
ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืงื ืขื›ื˜, ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ ื“ื•, ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ืื™ืš {ืฉื˜ืึธืœืฆื™ืจืŸ 


ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš? ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ: 

"ืื•ืžื–ื™ืกื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื’ืขืžืึทื˜ืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš, 

ืื•ืžื–ื™ืกื˜-ืื•ืžื ื™ืฉื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื“ื™ |ื›ึผื•ื—ื•ืช} ืžืฒึทื ืข ื•ืึธื ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ 
ืืžืช ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ื–: ื“ืขืจ ืžืฉืคึผื˜ ืžืฒึทื ืขืจ 

ืื™ื– ื‘ืฒึท ื’ืึธื˜ ื ืึธืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืึทื ื˜, 

ืื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืข ืžืขืฉื‚ื™ื ืื•ื™ืš, ื‘ืฒึท ืื™ื, ื‘ืฒึท ื’ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ื•ึทื”ืึทืจืŸ. 


ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืฆื˜, ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื’ืึธื˜, 

ื“ืขืจ ืฐืึธืก ื’ืขืฉืึทืคืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืžื•ื˜ืขืจืœืฒื™ื‘ ืžื™ืš 

ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ื ืงื ืขื›ื˜, 

ืื™ืš ื–ืึธืœ ื‘ืึทืงืขืจืŸ ื™ืขืงื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ืื™ื, 

ืื•ืŸ ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœืŸ ืฆื• ืื™ื, ืฆื• ืื™ื ืคืึทืจื–ืึทืžืœืขืŸ 

ืื•ืŸ ืฐืขืœ ื“ืขืจืžื™ื˜ ื’ืขืึทื›ืคึผืขืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื’ืึธื˜ืกืŸ,ืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื’ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื™ื– ืžืฒึทืŸ ืงืจืึทืคื˜! 


ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜: 

ืฆื• ืงื ืึทืคึผ, ืฆื• ืงื ืึทืคึผ ื“ื• ื–ืึธืœืกื˜ ืึท ืงื ืขื›ื˜ ื ืึธืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืžื™ืจ, 
ื›ึผื“ื™ ืื•ื™ืค|ืฆื•|ืจื™ื›ื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื ื™ืขืงื‘ืก, 

ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขื”ื™ื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ ื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืึทื”ื™ื™ื -- 

ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜ ืฆื•ื ืœื™ื›ื˜ ื“ื™ืจ ืคืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืคืขืœืงืขืจ 
ื–ืึธืœืกื˜ ืžืฒึทื™ืŸ ื™ืฉื•ืขื” ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื’ืึธืจ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“. 


ืึทื–ืฑ ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื’ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืกื“ืขืจืœื™ื™ื–ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœืŸ } 
ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื”ืฒืœื™ืงืขืจืŸ;} 

ืฆื• ื“ืขื ืคืึทืจืžื™ืื•ืกื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืŸ, 

ืฆื• ื“ืขื ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจืื•ืžืฐื™ืจื“ื™ืงื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืข. 


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ื—) 


ื˜) 


ื™) 


5 ื) 


2 ื‘) 


ืฆื•ื ืงื ืขื›ื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืขืœื˜ื™ืงืขืจ: 

ืขืก ื•ืขืœืŸ ืงืขื ื™ื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจื–ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฐืขืœืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, 

ื”ืึทืจืŸ - ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื‘ื•ืงืŸ ื–ื™ืš... 

ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ ื’ืึธื˜ ืฐืึธืก ื˜ืจืฒึท ืื™ื–, 

ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ืœื™ืงืขืจ ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœืก ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืกื“ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื™ืœื˜! 


ืึทื–ืฑ ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื’ืึธื˜: 
ืื™ืŸ ืฉืขื”ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทืฐื™ืœื™ืงื•ื ื’ ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื’ืขืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื˜ ื“ื™ืจืŸ } 
ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื™ืฉื•ืขื”-ื˜ืึธื’ ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื“ื™ืš ื’ืขื”ืึธืœืคืŸ, 


| ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ ืคืึทืจื”ื™ื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ืš, 


ืื™ืš ืžืึทืš ืฆื•ื ืคืึธืœืงืกื‘ื•ื ื“ ื“ื™ืš, 
ืื•ื™ืคืฆื•ืจื™ื›ื˜ืŸ ืก'ืœืึทื ื“, 
ืืฒึทื ืฆื•ื˜ืฒืœืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืกื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืขื ืข ื ื—ืœืื•ืช. 


ืึทื–ืฑ ืฆื• ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืฆื• ื’ืขื‘ื•ื ื“ืขื ืข: ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืึทืจืฑืก! 
ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจ: ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืึทื ื˜ืคึผืœืขืงื˜ืŸ!ืŸ 
ื–ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืคึผืึทืฉืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึทืœืข ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ, 

ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึทืœืข ื”ื™ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืื™ื– ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืคึผืึทืฉืข. 


ื–ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื”ื•ื ื’ืขืจื™ืง ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ, 

ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื“ืึธืจืฉื˜ื™ืง -- 

ืขืก ืฐืขื˜ ื“ื™ ื”ื™ืฅ ื“ื™ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ื•ืŸ 

ื ื™ื˜ ืฉืœืึธื’ืŸ ื–ื™ื™. 

ื“ืขืจ ื“ืขืจื‘ืึทืจืขืžื“ื™ืงืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืขืจ ืฐื•ืขื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ ื–ืฒึทืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ืฐืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืฐืึทืกืขืจืงืฐืึทืœืŸ ืคื™ืจืŸืŸ. 


ื›'ืฐืขืœ ืึทืœืข ืžืฒึทื ืข ื‘ืขืจื’ ืคืึทืจืฐืึทื ื“ืœืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื•ื•ืขื’ 
ืื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืข ืฉื˜ืขื’ืŸ ืืฑืกื’ืขื˜ืจืึธื˜ืขื ืข ืฐื•ืขืœืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ. 


ืึธื˜ ืึทืœืข ื“ื™ -- ื–ื™ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืึธื ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืฒึทื˜, 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืึธ, ื“ื™ -- ืคื•ืŸ ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืขืจื‘-ื–ืฒึทื˜, 


ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืึทื–ืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ืœืึทื ื“, ืคื•ืŸ ื›ื™ื ืข. 


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ื™"ื’) ื–ื™ื ื’ื˜ ื”ื™ืžืœืขืŸ, ื–ื™ื ื’ื˜! ืื•ืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ ื“ื™ืš, ืคืจื™ื™ ื“ื™ืš ืขืจื“! 
ื‘ืจืขื›ื˜ ืคืจื™ื™ืœืขืš ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืก ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื’ืขื–ืึทื ื’! 
ืฐืฒึทืœ ื’ืขื˜ืจื™ื™ืกื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืึธื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืึธืœืง 
ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืึธืจืขืžืข ืฐืขื˜ ืขืจ ื“ืขืจื‘ืึทืจ'ืžืขืŸ. 


ืžืฒึทืŸ ื”ืึทืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ืš ืคืึทืจื’ืขืกืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ!" 


ื˜"ื•) ืฆื™ ืฐืขื˜ ืึท ืคืจื•ื™ ืคืึทืจื’ืขืกืŸ ืื™ืจ ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“? 
ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจื‘ืึทืจืขืžืขืŸ ืื™ืจ ื–ื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜? 
ืื•ื™ืš ื“ื™! ืคืึทืจื’ืขืกืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืื•ื™ื›ืขื˜ ื“ื™, 
ืื™ืš ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืฐืขืœ ื“ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจื’ืขืกืŸ. 


ื˜"ื–) ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื“ืึธืš ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืงืจื™ืฆื˜ ื“ื™ืš 
ืื•ื™ืฃ ืžืฒึทื ืข ื”ืขื ื˜ืคืœืึทื›ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข, 
ื“ืฒึทื ืข ืžื•ื™ืขืจืŸ - ืื™ืš ื–ืข ืคืึทืจ ืžื™ืจ ื–ื™ื™ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง! 


ื™"ื–) ื–ื™ ืืฒึทืœืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ืจ, ื“ื™ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ื“ืฒึทื ืข 
ื“ื™ ืฆืขืฉื˜ืขืจืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจื•ื•ื™ืกื˜ืขืจ ื“ืฒึทื ืข-- 
ืึทืจืฑืกื’ืฒืŸ ืฐืขืœืŸ ืึทืœืข ื–ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ืจ! 


ื™"ื—) ื”ืฑื‘ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืื•ื’ืŸ ื“ืฒึทื ืข ืฐืฒึทื˜ ืึทืจื•ื ืื•ืŸ ื–ืขืŸ:ืŸ 
ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคื’ืขื–ืึทืžืœื˜ ืึทืœืข-- 
ืฆื• ื“ื™ืจ! ืฆื• ื“ื™ืจ! 
ืื™ืš ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ื‘ืฒึทื ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืขื - ืจื•ืคื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ื’ืึธื˜: 
ื“ื• ืฐืขืกื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืœืข ื–ื™ ื–ื™ืš ืืฑืกืคึผื•ืฆืŸ ื•ื™ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืฆื™ืจื•ื ื’ืŸ } 
ืื•ืŸ ืฐื™ ืึท ื›ึผืœื” ื–ื™ืš ืึทืจื•ืžื‘ื™ื ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™. 


ื™"ื˜) ื“ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืจื•ื™ึทื ืขืŸ ื“ืฒึทื ืข ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืขืก, 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ืฒึทื ืข ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจื•ื•ื™ืกื˜ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืœืึทื ื“ ืฆืขืฉื˜ืขืจื˜ -- 
ื–ืข ืื‘ืขืจ. ื–ืข: 


167 


ื›) 


ื›"ื) 


ื›"ื‘) 


ื›"ื’) 


ื›"ื“) 


ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืขื ื’ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ, ืขื ื’, ืคื•ืŸ ืืฒึทื ืฐืฑื ืขืจ ืึท ืกืš, 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจื“ื–ืึทื•ืจื‘|ืขืจ ื“ืฒึทื ืข {-- } 


ื“ื™ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ, ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจืœืฑืจืขื ืข |ืฉื•ื™ืŸ) ื“ืฒึทื ืข, 
ื–ื™ ื•ืขืœืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ืจ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ื ืึธืš: 
ืก'ืื™ื– ืขื ื’ ื“ืึธืก ืึธืจื˜ ืžื™ืจืŸ!ืŸ 

ืจื•ืง ืึธืคึผ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ื›'ื•ื•ืขืœ ื‘ืึทื–ืขืฆืŸ ื–ื™ืš. 


ื•ื•ืขืกื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฆืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึทืœื™ืŸ ื“ืึทืŸ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ: 
ื•ื•ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ืึทืœืข ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ืจืŸ? 

ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš -- ืึทืš, ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจืœืึธื– ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ื–ืึทื, 
ืคืึทืจื˜ืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ืฑืกืŸ -- 

ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืœืข ื“ืึธ ืฐืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจืฆื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื–ื™ื™. 

ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืคึผืึทืจื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื“ืึธ ืึทืœืฒืŸ, 

ื“ื™ ืึทืœืข ื“ืึธ -- ืฐื•ื•ึผ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืŸ? 


ืึทื–ืฑ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืึทืจ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜: 
ื›'ื•ื•ืขืœ ืื•ื™ืคื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื”ืึทื ื˜ ืฆื• ืคืขืœืงืขืจ, 

ืื•ืŸ ืฆื• ื ืึทืฆื™ืึธื ืขืŸ ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืš ืžืฒื™ืŸ ืคืึธืŸ, 

ื–ื™ ืฐืขืœืŸ ื“ืฒึทื ืข ื–ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธืจืขืžืก ื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืึทืงืกืœืขืŸ 

ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื–ื™ ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื“ืฒึทื ืข ื˜ืขื›ื˜ืขืจ! 


ืก'ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืงืขื ื™ื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ึดืขืจ ื“ืฒึทื ืข ื–ืฒึทืŸ, 

ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™'ืจืข ื”ืึทืจื™ื ื˜ืขืก ื“ื™ืจ ื–ื™ื™ื’ืขืจื™ื ืก. 

ื–ื™ื™ ืฐืขืœืŸ ืฆื•ืคืึทืœืŸ ืคืึทืจ ื“ื™ืจ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืคึผื ื™ืก ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“, 
ืื•ืŸ ืึธืคึผืœืขืงืŸ ื“ืขื ืฉื˜ื•ื™ื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืฒึทื ืข ืคื™ืก, 

ืื•ืŸ ื“ื• ืฐื•ืขืกื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืึทื– ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ืึธื˜ {ื“ืขืจ ื”ืึทืจืŸ 
ืฐืึธืก ื ื™ื˜ ืึทื ื˜ืฑืฉืŸ ืฐื•ืขืœืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ืจ 

ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจื”ืึธืคืขืจ ืžืฒึทื ืข. 


ืงืขืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื”ืขืœื“ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืจื•ื™ื‘? 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึทื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜ืŸ -- ืฆื™ ืงืขืŸ ืึทื ื˜ืจื™ื ืขืŸ? 


168 


ื›"ื”) ื“ืขืŸ ืึทื–ืฑ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜: 


ื›"ื•) 


ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืขืจ ืคืึทื ื’ ืงืขืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื”ืขืœื“, 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืื›ื–ืจืก ืจื•ื‘ ืงืขืŸ ืจืึทื˜ืขืฐืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืš. 
ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืงืจื™ื’ืขืจ ื“ืฒึทื ืขื ืฐืขืœ ืื™ืš ืึทืœื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืงืจื™ื’ืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ืฒึทื ืข ื–ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืฐืขืœ ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืขืœืคืŸ, 


ื›'ื•ื•ืขืœ ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืขืกืŸ, ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทื“ืจื™ืงืขืจ ื“ืฒึทื ืข, 

ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืœืฒึทื‘, 

ึตืื•ืŸ} ืฉื›ึผื•ืจืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื‘ืœื•ื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ื•ื™ ื–ืึทืคื˜. 
ื ืื•ืŸ} ืึทืœืฅ ืฐืึธืก ืœืขื‘ื˜ ืฐืขื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ -- 

ืึทื–} ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ืึธื˜, ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื”ืขืœืคืขืจ 

ื•ึตืื•ืŸ} ื“ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืœื™ื™ื–ืขืจ ื“ืฒึทื ืขืจ, 

(ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืึทืจ|ืงืขืจ ื™ืขืงื‘ืก! 


ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ื  


ื) 


ื‘) 


ืึทื–ืฑ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜: 
ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืขืก ืคืึทืจ ืึท ื’ื˜ ืึทื–ืึท 

ืฆื• ืืฒึทืขืจ ืžืึทืžืขืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืคืึทืจื˜ืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื–ื™? 
ืฆื™ ื•ื•ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืข ืžืึธื ืขืจ ืื™ื–'ืก 

ืฐืึธืก ื›'ื–ืึธืœ ื“ืึธืš ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืืฒึทืš ืคืึทืจืงื•ื™ืคื˜ ืื™ื? 
ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ ื“ืึธืš ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ ืืฒึทื™'ืจืข ื–ื™ื ื“ 

ืคืึทืจืงื•ื™ืคื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ, 

ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจื‘ืจืขื›ืŸ ืืฒึทืขืจืข ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ -- 

ืื™ื– ืึทื•ืฐืขืงื’ืขืฉื™ืงื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืืฒึทืขืจ ืžื•ื˜ืขืจ. 


ืคืึทืจ ืฐืึธืก ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ืึธ, ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ? 
ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ -- ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื˜. 

ืฆื™ ื“ืขืŸ ืื™ื– ืงื•ืจืฅ ืึทื–ืฑ ืžืฒื™ืŸ ื”ืึทื ื˜-- 

ื ื™ื˜ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืขืžืขืฆืŸ ื‘ืึทืคึผืจืฒึทืขืŸ? 

ืฆื™ ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื›ึผื•ื— 

ืจืึทื˜ืขื•ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื•ื•ืขืžืขืŸ? 


169 


ื’ 


ื“) 


ื”) 


0 


) 


ื—) 


ืžื™ื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื™ ืžืึทืš ืื™ืš ืึท ื™ื ืึท ื’ืึทื ืฆืŸ ื˜ืจื•ืงืŸ, 
ื›'ืคืึทืจืฐืึทื ื“ืœ ื˜ืฒึทื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืžื“ื‘ืจ 
ืขืก ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ืคื™ืฉ ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ื•ื ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืึธืŸ ืฐืึทืกืขืจ 
ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึทืจื‘ืŸ ืื•ื™ืก ืคืึทืจ ื“ืึธืจืฉื˜. 


ื›'ื‘ืึทืงืœืฒื“ ืžื™ื˜ ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจื ื™ืฉ ื“ื™ ื”ื™ืžืœืขืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ื›'ืžืึทืš ื“ืขื ืฆื•ื“ืขืง ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืŸ ืึท ื–ืึทืง. 


ื’ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืึทืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืึท ืฆื•ื ื’ ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ 
ืึท ืฐื•ื™ืœืงืขื ืขื•ื•ื“ื™ืงืข 

ื›ึผื“ื™ ืึท ืžื™ื“ืŸ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื˜ืจื™ื™ืกื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืฐืึธืจื˜, 
ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืงื˜ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืื™ื ื“ืขืจืคืจื™ ืžื™ืš, 

ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืื™ื ื“ืขืจืคืจื™ - 

ื˜ื•ื˜ ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืงืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื“ืึธืก ืื•ืขืจ 

ืื™ืš ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ื”ืขืจืŸ ื•ื™ ื•ื•ื•ื™ืœื’ืขืœืขืจื ื˜ืข. 


ื’ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืึทืจ-- ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึทืŸ ืื•ืขืจ ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขืขืคื ื˜ 
ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš -- ืึธ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐื™ื“ืขืจืฉืคึผืขื ื™ืงื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš, 
ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื•ืจื™ืงื’ืขื˜ืจืึธื˜ืŸ. 


ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืงืขืจืคึผืขืจ ืคืจื™ื™ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืฉืœืขื’ืขืจ, 
ืื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืข ื‘ืึทืงืŸ -- ืฆื•ืคึผืขืจ, 

ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืคึผื ื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉืขืžื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืฉืคึผืฒึทืขืŸ 
ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืึทื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ. 


ืื•ืŸ ื’ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืึทืจ ืขืจ ืฐืขื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื”ืขืœืคืŸ 
ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจืฉืขืžื˜ ื–ื™ืš, 


ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจ ื’ืขืžืึทื›ื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืคึผื ื™ื ื•ื™ {ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸืŸ 


ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜: ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ ืคืึทืจืฉืขืžื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืฐืขืจืฃ. 


ืžืฒึทื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจื˜ืฒื™ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืื™ื– ื ืึธื ื˜-- 
ื•ื•ืขืจ ืฐืขื˜ ืฆื•ื ืงืจื™ื’ ืžื™ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื–ื™ืš ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ? 
ืึธื˜ ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ื‘ืึทื–ืึทืžืขืŸ -- 

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ื•ื•ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืขืจ, ืžืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืขืœ-ื“ื‘ืจ? 
ืฆื• ืžื™ืจ ืงื•ื, ื ืขื ื˜ืขืจ! 


ืžื™ืจ ื”ืขืœืคื˜ ื“ืึธืš ื’ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืึทืจ-- 

ื•ื•ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืขืจ, ื“ืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก ืฐืขื˜ ืžื™ืš ืžืึทื›ืŸ ืฉื•ืœื“ื™ืง 
ืึทืœืข ื–ื™ -- ื–ื™ื™ ืฐืขืœืŸ ื•ื™ ืึท ืžืœื‘ื•ืฉ ื•ื•ืขืœืงืŸ, 

ืขืก ืฐืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ืื•ื™ืคืขืกืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืึธืœ. 


ื•ื•ืขืจ ื’ืึธื˜ืกืคืึธืจื›ื˜ื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ืืฒึทืš ืื™ื–-- 

ื“ืขืจ ืฐืขื˜ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ื ืคืึทืจื ืขืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืงื ืขื›ื˜ 
ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึทื ื“ืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ื•ื ืงืœ, 

ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื”ืึทื˜ ืคืึทืจ ื–ื™ืš ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืฒื™ืŸ, 

ืขืจ ืฐืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืึธื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ, 
ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื”ืึทืจ ื–ื™ืš ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ. 


ื“ืึธืš ืึทืœืข ืื™ืจ-- ืื™ืจ ื‘ืจืขื ื˜ ืึท ืคึผืฒึทืขืจ, 

ืžื™ื˜ ืคื•ื ืงืขืŸ ืฉื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ! 

ื’ื™ื™ื˜, ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืคืœืึทืงืขืจ ืคื•ื ืขื ืคึผืฒึทืขืจ ืืฒึทืขืจืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคื•ื ืงืขืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขืฆื•ื ื“ืŸ!... 
ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ, ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืื™ื–'ืก ืืฒึทืš ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ, 

ืื™ืจ ืฐืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืขืœื ื˜ ืึทื–ืฑ ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ืŸ ืœื™ื’ืŸ! 


ื™ืจืžื™ื” ืœ"ื 


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ืึทื–ืฑ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜: 

ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืคืขืœืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื“ืึธืก ืคืึธืœืง, 
ื“ืึธืก ื ืึธื›ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืขื ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจื“... 
ื’ื™ื™! ื’ื™ ืื™ื ื‘ืึทืจื•ื™ึดืงืŸ, ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœืŸ! 


ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืŸ ื ืึธืš 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืึทื•ื™ื–ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ืจ ื’ืึธื˜, -- 


ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืŸ ืื™ื™ื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ืึท ืœื™ื‘ืข ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื“ื™ืš ืœื™ื‘ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ! 


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ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ืฆื•ื’ืขืฆื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื“ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขื ืึธื“. 


ื›'ื•ื•ืขืœ ืื•ื™ืคื‘ื•ื™ืขืŸ ื“ื™ืจ ื ืึธืš, 

ืื•ืŸ ื“ื• ื•ื•ืขืกื˜ ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ, 

ื“ื• ื™ื•ื ื’ืคืจื•ื™, ื“ื• ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ! 

ื•ื•ืขืกื˜ ืึธื ื”ืขื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ืจ ืึท ืฆื™ืจื•ื ื’ 

ื“ื™ ืคึผื•ื™ืงืŸ ื“ืฒึทื ืข, 

ืื•ืŸ ื•ืขืกื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืึทื ืฅ ืื™ืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ืœืขื›ืŸ ืึทืจืฑืก. 


ื•ื•ืขืกื˜ ืฐื™ื™ื ื’ืขืจื˜ื ืขืจ ื ืึธืš ืคืœืึทื ืฆืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืขืจื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื•ืžืจื•ืŸ 
ื•ื™ ืก'ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืคืœืึทื ืฆืขืจ ื–ื™ ื’ืขืคืœืึทื ืฆื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืคืึทืจืฆืขืจื˜ (ื–ื™ื™ืŸ! 


ื“ืขืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– ืึท ื˜ืึธื’ ืคืึทืจืึทื ืขืŸ: 

ืื•ืŸ ืก'ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื›ื˜ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ื‘ืึทืจื’ ืืคืจื™ืžืก ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ: 
ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ, ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืฉื˜ืฒื™ื’ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ, 

ืฆื• ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื”ืึทืจ, ืฆื• ื’ืึธื˜. 


ืฐืฒึทืœ ืึทื–ืฑ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜: 

ื–ื™ื ื’ื˜ ืคืจื™ื™ื“ ืฆื• ื™ืขืงื‘ืŸ! 

ืื•ืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉืคึผื™ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืขืœืงืขืจ! 

ืœืึธื– ื”ืขืจืŸ! 

ืึทื›ืคึผืขืจื˜ ืื™ื ืื•ืŸ ื–ืึธื’ื˜: 

ื”{ืขืœื–ืฃ ื’ืึธื˜ ื“ืฒึทื™ืŸ ืคืึธืœืง, ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœืก! 


ืึธื˜ ื‘ืจืขื ื’ ืื™ืš ื–ื™ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆืคื•ืŸ-ืœืึทื ื“, | 

ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ ื–ื™ื™ ืื•ื™ืคื–ืึทืžืœืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ {ืขื ื“}ืŸ ืึทืœืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“, 
ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืึท ื‘ืœื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืึท ืœืึธืžืขืจ 

ืึท ืฉืฐืึทื ื’ืขืจืข ืื•ืŸ ืึท ืงื™ืžืคึผืขื˜ืึธืจืŸ-- 

ื–ื™ื™ ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ-- 

ืึท ืžื—ื ื” ื’ืจื•ื™ืก, 

ื–ื™ื™ ืฐื•ืขืœืŸ ืึทืœืข ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืžืงืขืจืŸ ืึทื”ืขืจ, 


ื–ื™ื™ ืฐืขืœืŸ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื’'ื•ื•ื™ื™ืŸ, 
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ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืชึผื—ื ื•ื ื™ื ืฐืขืœ ืื™ืš ื–ื™ื™ ืคื™ืจืŸ, 

ื›'ื•ื•ืขืœ ืคื™ืจืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืื™ื‘ืขื• ื˜ืฒื™ื›ืŸ ืฐืึทืกืขืจ, 

ืื™ืŸ ื’ืœืฒึทื›ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’, 

ื–ื™ื™ ืฐืขืœืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื’ืขืฉื˜ืจื•ื™ื›ืœื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ, 

ืฐืฒึทืœ ืื™ืš-- ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืึท ืคืึธื˜ืขืจ ืฆื• ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ืืคืจื™ื ืื™ื– ืžืฒึทืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ืœื™ื ื’! 


ื”ืขืจื˜ ืคืขืœืงืขืจ, ื”ืขืจื˜ ื’ืึธื˜ืก ืฐืึธืจื˜, 

ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜'ืก ืื™ืŸ ืœืขื ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืึธืจ ืฐืฒึทื˜, 

ืื•ืŸ ื–ืึธื’ื˜: | 

ื“ืขืจ ืฆืขื˜ืจืฒื™ื‘ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ, ืฐืขื˜ ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ื ืงืœืฒื™ื‘ืŸ! 
ืื•ืŸ ืจ'ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืื™ื ื”ื™ื˜ืŸ ื•ื™ ืึท ืคึผืึทืกื˜ืขืš ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืฉืึธืฃ. 


ืฐืฒึทืœ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืœื™ื™ื–ื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื™ืขืงื‘ืŸ ืื™ื} ื’ืึธื˜, 
ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืึทืคึผืจืฒึทื˜ ืื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืฉื˜ืึทืจืงืขืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื. 


ื–ื™ื™ ืฐืขืœืŸ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืฆื™ื•ื ืก ื”ื™ื™ืš 

ื–ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืฆื™ึดืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ืึทืœ ื“ืึธืก ื’ื•ื˜ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ, 
ืฆื•ื ืงืึธืจืŸ, ืฐืฒึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ืœ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืฉืึธืฃ ืื•ืŸ ืจื™ื ื“ืขืจ, 
ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื–ืขืœ ืฐืขื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขื–ืข|ื˜ื–ื™ืงื˜ ื•ื™ ืึท ื’ืึธืจื˜ืŸ; 

ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืฐืขืœืŸ ืžืขืจืขืจ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ {ื ื™ื˜ ืœืฒึทื“ืŸ. 


ื•ึทื“ืขืžืึธืœื˜} ืขืจืฉื˜ ืฐืขื˜ ื“ืขืจืคืŸืจื™ื™ืขืŸ} ื–ื™ืš 
ื“ื™ ื™ื•ื ื’ืคืจื•ื™ ืื™ื ืขื ื˜ืึทื ืฅ, 

ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื—ื•ืจื™ื ืื•ืŸ ื–ืงื ื™ื-- ืึทืœืข ื–ื™ ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ. 
ืื•ืŸ ื›'ืฐื•ืขืœ ื“ืขื ื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืŸ 
ืคืึทืจื•ืึทื ื“ืœืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืคืจื™ื™ื“, 

ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ ื˜ืจื™ื™ืกื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ื™, 

ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืคืจื™ื™ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืจ, 


ืื•ืŸ ื–ืขื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืฐืขืœ ืื™ืš ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื›ึนึผื”ื ื™ื ืžื™ื˜ ืคืขื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ืŸื˜ืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืคืึธืœืง ืฐืขื˜ ื–ืึทื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื’ื•ื˜ืก-- 
ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื’ืึธื˜! 


173 


ื™"ื“) ืึทื–ืฑ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜: 
ืขืก ื”ืขืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืจึธืžึธื” ื–ื™ืš ืึท ืงื•ืœ, 
ืึท ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ืŸ, 
ืจื—ืœ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ืจืข ื–ื™ืŸ, 
ื–ื™ ืœืึธื–ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืึธืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื˜ืจื™ื™ืกื˜ืŸ, 
ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื–ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ืจืข, ืฐืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ. 


ื ื˜"ื•)ืŸ ืึทื–ืฑ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜: 
ืึธ, ื•ื•ื™ื™ื’ืขืจ ืื™ื, ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืงื•ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืื•ื™ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืจืขืจืŸ, 
ืก'ืื™ื– ืึท ื‘ืึทืœืฑื ื•ื ื’ ื“ืึธ ืคืึทืจ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืึธืŸ, ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื’ืึธื˜ -- 
ื–ื™ื™ ื•ืขืœืŸ ืฆื•ืจื™ืงืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื‚ื•ื ืืก ืœืึทื ื“. 


ื•ื˜"ื–)} ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– ืึท ื”ืึธืคืขื ื•ื ื’ ื“ืึธ ืคืึทืจ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืขื ื“, 
ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื’ืึธื˜ -- 
ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืฐืขืœืŸ ืื•ืžืงืขืจืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ื–ื™ืš ืึทื”ื™ื™ื. 


ื•ื™"ื–)} ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜, ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜-- 
ืืคืจื™ื ื˜ืจื™ื™ืกืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš; 


ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืจืึธืคื˜ ืžื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ื›'ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืจืึธืคึผื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ! 


ื•ื™ ืึท ืงืึทืœื‘ ืึท ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืœืขืจื ื˜ืก-- 
ืœืึธื– ืื•ืžืงืขืจืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ืš -- ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ืงืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื-- 
ืฐืฒึทืœ ื“ื•, ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื’ืึธื˜, ื“ืขืจ ื”ืึทืจ. 


ื•ื™"ื—)} ืฐืฒึทืœ ื‘ืึทืœื“ ื‘ืฒึทื ืื•ืžืงืขืจืŸ ื–ื™ืš -- ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื‘ืึทื“ืฑืขืจื˜, . 


ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทืœื“ ื ืึธืš ืžืฒึทืŸ ื“ืขืจื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ื–ื™ืš 

ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื’ืขืฉืœืึธื’ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ืคื˜-- 

ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขืฉืขืžื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉืขืžื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ, 
ืฐืฒึทืœ ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื™ื•ื’ื ื˜ืฉืึทื ื“. 


(ื™"ื˜)} ืื™ื– ืžื™ืจ ืืคืจื™ื ื“ืขืŸ ืึท ื–ื•ืŸ ืึทื–ืึท ืึท ื˜ืฒึทืขืจืขืจ? 
ืฆื™ ืึท ืงื™ื ื“ ื’ืขืฆืขืจื˜ืœื˜? 
ืึทื– ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืš ืจื™ื™ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื 
174 


ื“ืขืจืžืึธืŸ ืื™ืš ืื™ื ืื•ืŸ ืก'ื‘ืจื•ืžื˜ ืฆื• ืื™ื 
ืคื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืข ืื™ื ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื“ ืึทืจืฑืก - 
ื›'ื•ื•ืขืœ ืื™ื ื“ืขืจื‘ืึทืจืขืžืขืŸ -- ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื’ืึธื˜! 


ื•ื™ื—ื–ื–ืงืืœ ืœ"ื“, ื˜"ื–- ื›"ื•ืŸ 


(ื˜ื–)| ื›'ื•ื•ืขืœ ืึทืœึถืข ื–ื™ ื‘ืึทืฐื™ืœื™ืงืŸ -- 


5 ื–) 


ื“ื™ ืคืขื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืึทืจืงืข ื’ืึธืจ-- ืฐืขืœ ืื™ืš ืคืึทืจื˜ื™ืœื™ืงืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืคืึทืจืคืึทืœืŸ -- 
ืื™ืš ืคื™ื˜ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ ืึทืœืข! 


ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืื™ืจ ืžืฒึทื ืข ืฉืึธืฃ - ืื™ ื“ืึทืจ, ืื™ ืงืฐืึทืจ - 
ื•ืึท ืฉื–ืจืขืง! | 
ืึทื–ืฑ ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื’ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืึทืจ: 

ืื™ืš ื˜ื• ืึทืŸืจื–ืึธืคึผ ื™ืขืฆื˜ ื ื™ื“ืขืจืŸ 

ืื•ืŸ ืžืฉืคึผื˜ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืœืึทื ืื•ืŸ ืœืึทื 

1 } ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจืŸ 

1 |} ื‘ืขืง... 


ื ื™"ื—)} ื•ึทืื–ึดื™ื– ืฐืฒื™ื ื™ืง ืืฒึทืš-- ืื™ืจ ืงืœืฒึทื™ื‘ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคึผืึทืฉืข-ืคืขืœื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืก 


5 ื˜) 


ืจื›) 


ื•ึทื•ื•ืึธื–ืก ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืคืขื˜ืขืจ; 

{ }ื“ื™ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื™ืงืข ืคึผืึทืฉืข-ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืจ ื ื™ืฆื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืืก 
ื•ืฆืขื˜}ืจืขื˜ ืื™ืจ... 

ืื™ืŸืจ} ื˜ืจื™ื ืงื˜ ื“ืึธืš ื™ืขื“ืข ืฐืึทืกืขืจ-ื˜ื™ืคืขื ื™ืฉ ืื•ื™ืก ื–ื™ืก-- 

ื“ื™ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื™ืงืข ื ืขืžื˜ ืื™ืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจื‘ืœืึธื˜ื™ืงื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคื™ืก. 


ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืคื™ื˜ืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฉืึธืฃ ืžื™ื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฆืขื˜ืจืึธื˜ืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจื˜ืจื™ื ืงื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืืฒื™ืขืจืข ื“ื™ ืคื™ืก -- ื“ื™ ื‘ืœืึธื˜ืข. 


ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจ -- 
ืึทื–ืฑ ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืฆื• ืืฒึทืš, ื“ืขืจ ื”ืึทืจ: 


* ื“ืขื ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜ืข ืคึผืกื•ืงื™ื 1 -- 16 ื–ืข ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ืฒึทื˜ืŸ 321 -- 324, 


175 


ื›"ื) 


ื›"ื‘) 


ื›"ื’) 


ื›"ื“) 


ืึธื˜ ืฐืขืœ ืื™ืš ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืืฒึทืš ืื™ืŸ ืฆืึทื, 
ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ ืžืฉืคึผื˜ืŸ ื™ืขืฆื•ื ื“ ื“ืึธ 
ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืœืขืžืขืจ-- 

ืึท ืœืึทื ื’ืึธืจ ืึท ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ืข, 

ืื•ืŸ ืึท ืžืึธื’ืขืจืข ืึท ืœืึทื... 


ืฐืฒึทืœ ืื™ืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกื˜ ื–ื™ืš, 

ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ืคึผื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื–ืฒื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืŸ ืึทืงืกืœ, 
ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื”ืขืจื ืขืจ ืืฑืกื’ืขืฐืึทืงืกืŸ-- 

ืฉื˜ื•ื™ืกื˜ ืื™ืจ! 

ื“ื™ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฉืฐืึทื›ื˜ืข, 

ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจืฉืžืึทื›ื˜ืข 

ืฉื˜ื•ื™ืกื˜ ืื™ืจ! 

ื‘ื™ื– ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ื™, ืึทืœืข ื–ื™ื™ ืฆืขืฐืึธืจืคืŸ 
ืึทืจืฑืกื’ืขืฐืึธืจืคืŸ 

ื“ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ, 


ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฉืึธืฃ ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ื”ืขืœืคืŸืŸ 
ื”ืขืœืคืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœืฃ ื–ื™ื™, 

ืžืขืŸ ืฐืขื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืžืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืคึผืœื™ื ื“ืขืจืŸ (ื–ื™ื™ืŸ 

ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ ืขืก ืžืฉืคึผื˜ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืœืึทื•ึทื ืื•ืŸ ืœืึทืกืŸ 


ื›'ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ื™ื ืคึผืึทืจ ื–ื™ื™ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืึทืกื˜ืขืš, ืื•ื™ืฃ { 
ืขืจ ืฐืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ืคื™ื˜ืขืจืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืจืขื›ื˜ - 

ืžืฒึทืŸ ื“ื•ื™ืจืŸ, ืžืฒื™ืŸ ืงื ืขื›ื˜, 

ืขืจ ื•ืขื˜ ืึท ืคึผืึทืกื˜ืขืš ืคืึทืจ ื–ื™ ื–ืฒึทืŸ! 


ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš -- ืื™ืš ื’ืึธื˜, 
ื›'ื‘ื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื’ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื›ึผื‘ื•ื“, 

ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืคื™ืจืฉื˜-- ืžืฒึทืŸ ืงื ืขื›ื˜, ืžืฒึทื™ืŸ ื“ื•ื™ื“, 
ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘'ืก ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜, ืื™ืš ื’ืึธื˜! 


16 


ื• 


ื›"ื•) 


ืื•ืŸ ื›'ืžืึทืš ื–ื™ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืึทืจื’ ืึท ื‘ืขื ื˜ืฉื•ื ื’ 
ืคืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ 

ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืœืึธื– ืคืึทืœืŸ ืื™ืš ื“ืขื ืจืขื’ืŸ -- 
ืขืก ืฐืขื˜ ืึท ืจืขื’ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืขื’ืŸ. 


-ื”ื•ืฉืข ื 


ื•ึธื)} 


2 


1 


ื’ืึธื˜ืก ืฐืึธืจื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ 
ืฆื• ื”ื•ืฉึทืขึทืŸ ื“ืขื ื–ื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืึธืจื™, 

ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆืฒึทื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืขึถื–ึฐื™ึธื”, ื™ื•ืชื, ืึถื—ึธื– 
ื™ื—ื–ืงื™ื”-- ื“ื™ ืงืขื ื™ื’ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” 

ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆืฒึทื™ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืจื‘ืขื 

ื“ืขื ื–ื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื•ืืฉ, 

ื“ืขื ืงืขื ื™ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืฉื‚ืจืึธืœ. 


ืื™ืŸ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ 

ืฆื• ื”ื•ืฉืขืŸ, 

ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึทื–ืฑ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืฆื• ื”ื•ืฉืขืŸ: 

ื’ื™ื™, ื ืขื ื“ื™ืจ 

ืึท ืคืจื•ื™ ืึท ื”ื•ืจ, ืื•ืŸ ื”ื•ืจื ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ื”ืึธื‘, 
ืฐืฒึทืœ ืื•ืกื’ืขืœืึทืกืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืฐืขื˜ ื“ื™ ืขืจื“. 
ืื•ืŸ !ืึธืคึผื’ืขื–ื˜ืึธืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืึธื˜. 


ืื•ืŸ ื•ึทืขื–ืจ ืื™ื– ืึทืฐืขืง, ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ื’ื•ืžืจ, ื“ื™ ื˜ืึธื›ื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื‘ืœื™ึดื, 

ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื˜ืจืึธื’ืขื“ื™ืง ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ 

ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื ืึท ื–ื•ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ืจืŸ. 


* ืก'ืคืขืœื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืกื•ืง ื›"ื”. ื“ื™ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜ืข ืคึผืกื•ืงื™ื 28 -- 30 ื–ืข ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ืฒึทื˜ืŸ 324-- 325, 


177 


(ื“)ืŸ 


ื”) 


0 


6 


ื—)| 


ืื•ืŸ ื’ืึธื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜: 
(ืจื•ืฃ ืึธืŸ ื“ืขื} ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขื: ื™ื–ืจืขืืœ, 
ื•ึทื•ื•ืฒึทื™ืœ ื’ืึธืจืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืœืึทื ื’ ื ืึธืš-- 

ืื•ืŸ ื›'ื•ื•ืขืœ ื“ืขืจืžืึทื ืขืŸ 

ื“ืึธืก ื‘ืœื•ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื–ืจืขืืœ ื“ืขื {ื”ื•ื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ืืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ ืื•ืžื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ {ื“ืึธืก ืงื™ื ื™ื’ืจืฒึทืšืŸ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ื– ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœืก. 


ืื•ืŸ ืก'ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื {ืขื ื˜ืึธื’:ืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ื›'ืฐื•ืขืœ ืฆืขื‘ืจืขื›ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคื™ื™ืœืŸ-ื‘ื•ื™ื’ืŸ 
ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืึธืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื–ืจืขืืœ. 


ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื˜ืจืึธื’ืขื“ื™ืง ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืฐื™ื“ืŸืขืจ,ืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ืจืŸ ืึท ื˜ืึธื›ื˜ืขืจ, 

ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜: 

ืจื•ืฃ ืึธืŸ ื“ืขื ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืื™ืจืŸ: ืœื-ืจึฐื—ึธืžึธื”, 
"ื“ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจื‘ืึทืจื™ืžื“ื™ืงืข" -- 

ืฐืฒึทืœ ื›'ื•ื•ืขืœ ื ื™ื˜ ืžืขืจ, 

ื›'ื“ืขืจื‘ืึทืจืขื ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืึธืก ื”ื•ื™ื– ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœืก, 
ื›'ื–ืึธืœ ื˜ืึธืŸ ืคืึทืจื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ื–ื™ื™. 


ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื”ื•ื™ื– ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”ืกืŸ 

ื•ื•ืขืœ ืื™ืš ื“ืขืจื‘ืึทืจืขืžืขืŸ, 

ืื•ืŸ ื›'ื•ื•ืขืœ ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืึธื˜ { 1 
ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืขืœืคืŸ, 

ืื•ืŸ ื›'ื•ื•ืขืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื”ืขืœืคืŸ 

ืžื™ื˜ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจื“ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืžืŸ | 
ืžื™ื˜ ืคืขืจื“ ืื•ืŸ ืจืฒึทื˜ืขืจ { 6 


ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึทื ื˜ืฐืฒื™ื ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืœื-ืจื—ืžื”, 
ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจื‘ืึทืจ'ืž{ื“ื™ื–ืงืขืจ, 
ืื•ืŸ (ื–ื™ืŸ ืื™ื– ื˜ืจืึธื’ืขื“ื™ืง ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึท ื–ื•ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ืจืŸ. 
178 


1ื˜)} ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜: 
ืจื•ืฃ ืึธืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ: ืœึนื-ืขึทืžึดื™-- 
ื ื™ื˜ ืžืฒึทื™ืŸ ืคืึธืœืง, 
ืฐืฒึทืœ ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืžืฒึทื™ืŸ ืคืึธืœืง, 
ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš-- ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ ื ื™ื˜ ืืฒึทืขืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ! 


ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ 


ื) ืื• ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฐืขื˜ ื“ื™ ืฆืึธืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœืก |ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจืŸ 
ื•ื™ ื–ืึทืžื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื ืฐืึธืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ 
ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืžืึธืกื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฆื™ื™ืœื˜, 
ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื™ืŸ ืฐืขื˜, ืฐืึธืก 
ืึทื ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ืขืก ื–ืึธืœ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืฆื• ื–ื™ืฒ: 
"ืจ'ื–ืขื ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืคืึธืœืง!" 
ืฐืขื˜ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืฐืขืจืŸ: 
"ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืœืขื‘ืขื“ื™ืงืŸ ื’ืึธื˜!" 


ื‘) ืื•ื• ืก'ื•ืขืœืŸ 
ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคื’ืขืงืœื™ื‘ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ-- 
ืึทืœืข ื–ื™ื™ ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ | 
ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ ืฐืขืœืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืึท ื”ืฑืคึผื˜ ืึทืจืฑืคึผื˜ืึธืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืฉื˜ืฒื™ื’ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืึทืœืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืœืึทื ื“, 
ืฐืฒึทืœ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืื™ื–, ื’ืจื•ื™{ืก ื“ืขืจืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืŸืฉื‚ืจืืœ.ืŸ 


ื’) ืึธื’ื˜, 
ืฆื• ืืฒึทืขืจืข ื‘ืจื™ื“ืขืจ (ื–ืึธื’ื˜:} ืžืฒึทืŸ ื•ืคืึธืœืงืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืฉื•ื•ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ืืฒื™ืขืจืŸืขืจ ื–ืึธื’ื˜: ื“ืขืจื‘ืึทืจ'ืžื“ื™ืงืขืŸ 


ื“) ืงืจื’ื˜ ื–ื™ืš! 
ืงืจื™ื’ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืืฒึทืขืจ ืžืึทืžืข (ื–ื™ืš,ืŸ 
ืฐืฒึทืœ ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฐืฒึทื‘, 


179 


ื”) 


0 


6( 


(ื—)! 


1ื˜)} 


ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš -- ื›'ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ ืžืึทืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืคึผื˜ืึธืŸ ืื™ืจืข ื”ื•ืจืขืจืฒึทืขืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืืฑืกื’ืขืœืึทืกื ืงืฒื™ื˜ืŸ ืื™ืจืข 

ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืื™ืจืข ื‘ืจื™ืกื˜. 


ืฐืฒึทืœ ื›'ื˜ื• ืื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืก ืึท ื ืึทืงืขื˜ืข, 

ืื•ืŸ ื›'ืฉื˜ืขืœ ืื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืก 

ื•ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ืจืŸ. 

ืื•ืŸ ื›'ืžืึทืš ืื™ืจ ืฐื™ ืึท ืžื“ื‘ืจ, 

ืื•ืŸ ื˜ื• ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ ื•ื™ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืœืึทื ื“ ืึท ืฐื™ืกื˜ืข, 
ืื•ืŸ ื›'ื•ืขืœ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืึธืจืฉื˜ ืื™ืจ ื˜ืฑื˜ืŸ. 


ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจืข ื–ื™ืŸ -- 
ื›'ื•ื•ืขืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจื‘ืึทืจืขืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ 
ืฐืฒึทืœ ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื”ื•ืจืŸ-ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืึทืœืข ื–ึตื™ื™. 


ืฐืฒึทืœ ื’ืขื”ื•ืจื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืžื•ื˜ืขืจ, 

ืคืึทืจืฉืขืžื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ื–ื™ื™, 

ืฐืฒึทืœ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ 

ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ ื ืึธืš ื“ื™ ื’ืขืœื™ื‘ื˜ืข ืžืฒื™ื ืข ื’ื™ื™ืŸ, 

ื“ื™ ืฐืึธืก ื’ื™ื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืจื•ื™ื˜, 

ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฐืึทืกืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฐืึธืœ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืžืฒึทืŸ ืคืœืึทืงืก 
ืžืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื™ืœ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขื˜ืจืึทื ืงืขืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืข. 


ื•ึทื“ืขืจืคึฟืึทืจืŸ ื˜ืึทืงืข ืคืึทืจืฆื•ื™ื ืื™ืš 

ืžื™ื˜ (ืฆืฐื•ืฒึทื™ื’ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื›ืขื“ื™ืงืข ื“ื™ืจ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’, 
ื ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื“ืขื ืคึผืึทืจืงืึทืŸ ืื™ืจืŸ 

ื•ึทืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ ืฐืขื˜ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืื™ืจืข ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ. 


ื•ึทืื•ื–ึฐืŸ ื–ื™ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื ืึธื›ื™ืึธื’ืŸ ื–ื™ 
ื•ื“ื™} ื’ืขืœื™ื‘ื˜ืข ืื™ืจืข 

ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจื’ืจื™ื™ื›ืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืึทืจื•ื ื–ื™ ื–ื•ื›ืŸ 


180 


ื™( 


5" ื) 


ื™"ื‘) 


5" ื’) 


ืจ" ื“) 


ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™, 

ื–ื™ ื•ืขื˜ ื“ืึทื–ึธ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ: 

ืึธื˜ ื’ื™ ืื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ืงืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืŸืืŸ 

ืฆื•ื ืžืึทืŸ ืฆื• ืžืฒึทื ืขื, ืฆื• ื“ืขื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ... 

ืฐื•ืฒึทืœ ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ืžืึธืœ ืžื™ืจ ืื™ื™|ื“ืขืจ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜.ืŸ 


ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™-- 

ืึทืš ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ 

ืึทื– ื“ืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื“ืขื ืงืึธืจืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฐืฒึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื•ื™ืžืื™ื™ืœ 

ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืœื‘ืขืจ ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ืื™ืจ ื’ืขืžืขืจื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื’ืึธืจ 
ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืคืึทืจืŸ ื‘ืขืœ ืขืก ื’ืขืžืึทื›ื˜. 


ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ืงืขืจ ืื™ืš ืื•ื ื–ื™ืš 

ืื•ืŸ ื ืขื ืึธืคึผ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืงืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฆืฒึทื˜ 
ืื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฐืฒึทืŸ ืฆื•ื ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’, 
ืื•ืŸ ื›'ื ืขื ืฆื• ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฐืึธืœ 

ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืžืฒึทืŸ ืคืœืึทืงืก 

ืฐืึธืก ื“ืึทืจืฃ ืคืึทืจื“ืขืงืŸ ืื™ืจ ื“ื™ ืฉืึทื ื“, 


ื™ืขืฆื˜ ืฐืขืœ ืื™ืš ืื•ื™ืคื“ืขืงืŸ ืื™ืจ ืฉืึทื ื“ 
ืคืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืœื™ื‘ื˜ืข ืื™ืจืข, 
ืื•ืŸ ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืฐืขื˜ {ืจืึทื˜ื–ืขืฐืขืŸ ื–ื™ {ืคื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื”ืึทื ื˜.ืŸ 


ืื•ืŸ ื›'ื•ื•ืขืœ ืฆืขืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ ืื™ืจ ื“ื™ {ืค ื ืขืŸ,} 
ืื™ืจ ื™ื•ื-ื˜ื•ื‘, ื“ืขื ืจืืฉ-{ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืื™ืจืŸ.ืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืฉื‘ืช ืื•ืŸ ืึทืœืข (ื™ื•ื-ื–ื˜ื•ื‘-ื˜ืขื’. 


ืื•ืŸ ื›'ืฐืขืœ ืคืึทืจืฐื•ื™ืกื˜ืŸ ื•ื“ื™ ื˜ืจื•ื™ื‘ื ื‘ื™ื™ืžืขืจ ืื™ืจืขืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืคืฒึทื™ื’ื ื‘ื•ื™ื 

ืฐืึธืก ื–ื™ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื”ืึธื˜: 

"ืก'ืื™ื– ืึท ื”ื•ืจื ืœื•ื™ืŸ ืžื™ืจ, 

ืฐืึธืก ื“ื™ ื’ืขืœื™ื‘ื˜ืข ืžืฒึทื ืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ..." 


181 


ื˜"ื•) 


ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ ืคืึทืจืฐืึทื ื“ืœืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืœื“ ื–ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืึท. ืฐืึทืœื“ 
ืก'ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืื•ื™ืคืขืกืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืขืœื“-ื—ื™ื” ื–ื™ื™ ื’ืึทื ืฅ. 


ืื•ืŸ ื›'ืฐืขืœ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ืขืŸ ืื™ืจ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืขืœืŸ -ื’ืขื˜ืขืจืŸ 
ืคืึทืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื–'ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืจื•ื™ื›ืขืจื˜, 

ื–ื™ืš ืืฑืกื’ืขืคึผื•ืฆื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจืข ืื•ื™ืจื™ื ื’ืœืขืš, 

ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ืึทืฐืขืง ื ืึธืš ื“ื™ ื’ืขืœื™ื‘ื˜ืข ืื™ืจืข 

ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืš ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ืคืึทืจื’ืขืกืŸ ื’ืึธืจ -- ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื’ืึธื˜... 


ื˜"ื–) ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจ ืึธ, ืฐืขืœ ืื™ืš ืื™ื‘ืขืจืจื™ื™ื“ืŸ ื–ื™, 


2 ื–) 


ื›'ื•ื•ืขืœ ื–ื™ ืึทืฐืขืงืคื™ืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžื“ื‘ืจ, 
ืื•ืŸ ืจื™ื™ื“ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืฆื•ื ื”ืึทืจืฆืŸ... 


ืื•ืŸ ื›'ื•ื•ืขืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืื™ืจ ื’ืขื‘ืŸ 

ืื™ืจืข ืฐืฒึทื ื’ืขืจื˜ื ืขืจ, 

ืื•ืŸ ื•ื“ืขื} ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืงืกื˜ืึธืœ 

ื•ึทื•ื•ืขืœ ืื™ืš} ืคืึทืจื•ืึทื ื“ืœืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื”ืึธืคื™ื ื•ื ื’ืก ืึธืคืŸ ื˜ื™ืจ 
ื•ึธืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืฐื•ื™ื ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื•ื•'ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจืข ื™ื•ื’ื ื˜ืกื˜ืขื’, 
ื•ึทื•ื•ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืืŸ ื˜ืึธ{ื’) ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืึทืจืฑืกื’ืฒืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืฆืจื™ื. 


ื•ึทื™"ื—)} ืื•ืŸ {ืก'ื•ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขื ื˜ืึธื’ - ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื’ืึธื˜: 


ื•ึทื•ื•ืขืกื˜ื• ืจื•ืคื–ืŸ ืžื™ืš: ืžืฒึทืŸ ืžืึทืŸ! 
ื ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืจื•ื–ืคืŸ ืžื™ืš: ืžืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืขืœ! ืžืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืึทืžืึทื ืขืจ! 


ื•ื™'"ื˜)} ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ ืึธืคึผื˜ืึธืŸ 


ื›) 


ื“ื™ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืขึธืœื™ื-ื’ืขืฆืŸ 
ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืžื•ื™ืœ, 

ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืฐืขืœืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืŸ 
ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืžืขืจ, 


ืื•ืŸ ื›'ืฐืขืœ ืึท ื‘ื•ื ื“ ืคืึทืจ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืฉืœื™ืกืŸ | 
ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืคืขืœื“-ื—ื™ื” ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคื™ื™ื’ืœ ืื•ื {ื˜ืขืจืŸ ื”ื™ืžืœืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืฐืขืจ{ืขื–ื ืฐืึธืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืจ'ืขืจื“. 

182 


ื›"ื) 


ืื•ืŸ ืคื™ื™ืœืŸ-ื‘ื•ื™ื’ืŸ, ืฉื•ื•ืขืจื“ ืื•ืŸ ืงืจื™ื’ 
ืฐืขืœ ืื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืœืึทื ื“ ืฆืขื‘ืจืขื›ืŸ 


! ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจืงื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ืจื•ืขืŸ ืœืึธื–ืŸ. 


ืื•ืŸ ื›'ืฐืขืœ ืคืึทืจืงื ืกืŸ ื“ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืฃ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืฉื•ื™ืŸ. 
ืื•ืŸ ื›'ืฐืขืœ ืคืึทืจืงื ืกืŸ 

ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜, ืžื™ื˜ ืจืขื›ื˜ ื“ื™ืš, 

ืžื™ื˜ ื—ืกื“ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืจื—ืžื™ื, 


2 ื›"ื‘ ืื•ืŸ ื›'ืฐืขืœ ืคืึทืจืงื ืกืŸ ื“ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืœื•ื™ื‘ืŸ 


ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืกื˜ ื“ืขืจืงืขื ืขืŸ {ื’ืึธื˜ืŸ, 


ื•ื›"ื’)ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืขืก ื•ืขื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ (ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’} ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขื, 


ื›"ื“) 


ื›"ื”) 


ื•ื•ืขืœ ืื™ืš ื‘ืึทืขื ื˜ืคืŸืขืจืŸ, ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื’ืึธื˜ืŸ 
ื•ื•ืขืœ ืื™ืš ื‘ืึทืขื ื˜{ืคืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ื™ืžืœืขืŸืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™, ื–ื™ื™ ืฐื•!ืขืœืŸ ื‘ืึทืขื ื˜ืคืขืจืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“ืŸ 


ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืจื“-- 
ื–ื™ ืฐืขื˜ ื‘ืึทืขื ื˜ืคืขืจืŸ |ื“ืขื ืงืึธืจืŸ) 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฐืฒึทืŸืŸ ื‘ื•ื™ืžืื™ื™ืœืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™-- ื–ื™ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื‘ืึทืขื ื˜ืคืŸืขืจื–ืŸ ื•ื™ื–ืจืขืืœืŸ 


ืื•ืŸ ื›'ืฐืขืœ ืคืึทืจื–ื™ื™ืขืŸ ื–ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืจ'ืขืจื“, 

ืื•ืŸ ื›'ื•ื•ืขืœ ื“ืขืจื‘ืึทืจืขืžืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจื‘ืึทืจื™ืžื“ื™ืงืขืจ, 
ืื•ืŸ ื›'ืฐืขืœ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืฆื• ื ื™ื˜-ืžืฒึทืŸ-ืคืึธืœืง; 

ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืžืฒึทื™ืŸ ืคืึธืœืง! 

ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ืฐืขื˜ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืžื™ืจ: ืžืฒึทืŸ ื’ืึธื˜! 


ื”ื•ืฉืข ื™"ื’ 


ื) 


ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืืคืจื™ื ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืฆื™ื˜ืขืจืŸ ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืœื˜ื™ืงื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ, 


183 


ื‘) 


ื’) 


ื“) 


ื”) 


0 


6 


ื—) 


ื•ื™ ื ืึธืจ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืึทืจืฉื•ืœื“ื™ืงื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื‘ืขืœ ื–ื™ืš -- 
ืื™ื– ืขืจ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึธืจื‘ืŸ. 


ืื•ืŸ ื™ืขืฆื˜-- ื™ืขืฆื˜ ื˜ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืžืขืจ, 

ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึท ื’ืขื’ืึธืกืŸ ื‘ื™ืœื“ ื’ืขืžืึทื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ (ื–ื™ืœื‘ืขืจืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธืœืฆื‘ื™ืœื“ืขืจ-- ืœื•ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืฉื‚ื›ืœ.- 
ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจ-ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื–! 

ืฆื• ื–ื™ ื–ืึธื’ื’ืŸ ื–ื™ื™: 

ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ-ืฉืœืึทื›ื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืงืขืœื‘ืขืจ ืงื•ืฉืŸ ื–ื™ื™! 


ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ืฐืขืœืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื•ื™ ืึท ืคืจื™ืžืึธืจื’ืŸ-ืฐืึธืœืงืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ื•ื™ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ื•ื™ ืฐืึธืก ืคืึทืœื˜ ื‘ืึทื’ื™ื ืขืŸ ื•ืฐื•ืขืจื˜ ื ื™ื˜, 
ื•ื™ ืคึผืœืขืฐืขืก ืฆืขื‘ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืฉืฒึทืขืจ 

ืื•ืŸ ื•ื™ ืึท ืจื•ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ืงื•ื™ืžืขืŸ. 


ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš -- ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืึธื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืœืึทื ื“ ืžืฆืจื™ื, 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ื• ืงืขื ืกื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืึทื—ื•ืฅ ื•ึทืžื–ื™ืจ! 


ืื•ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืขืœืคืขืจ ืื•ื™ืกืขืจ ืžื™ืจ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจืึทื ืขืŸ. 


ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืŸ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื“ื™ืš ื’ืขืงืขื ื˜, 


ืื™ืŸ ืœืึทื ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืจื™ืงืขื ื™ืฉืŸ... 


ื•ื™ ื ืึธืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื–ืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืคึผืึทืฉืข 


ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื–ื™ืš ื–ืึทื˜ ื’ืขื’ืขืกืŸ, 


ื•ื™ ื ืึธืจ ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื’ืขื–ืขื˜ื™ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ืื™ื– ื”ื•ื™ืš ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื”ืึทืจืฅ - 
ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืึธืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืคืึทืจื’ืขืกืŸ. 


ืื•ืŸ ื›'ื•ื•ืขืœ ื•ื™ ืึท ืœื™ื‘ ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ื•ื™ ืึท ื˜ื™ื’ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ื•ื•ืขื’ ื–ื™ ืื•ื™ืกืงื•ืงืŸ. 


ื›'ื•ื•ืขืœ ื•ื™ ืึท ื‘ืขืจ, ื‘ืึทืจืฑื‘ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ 
ื‘ืึทื’ืขื’'ื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™, 


184 


ื˜) 


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5" ื) 


5" ื‘) 


5" ื’) 


5 ื“) 


ื˜"ื•) 


ืื•ืŸ ืจืฒึทืก ื“ืขื ืฉืœืึธืก ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื”ืึทืจืฆืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ 
ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ืคืึทืจืฆืขืจ ื–ื™ื™?, = ื“ืึธืจื˜ 
ื•ื™ ืึท ืœื™ื™ื‘ ืึท ื™ื•ื ื’ืขืจ, ื“ื™ ื—ื™ื” ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืคืขืœื“ ืฆืขืฉืคึผืึทืœื˜ ื–ื™ื™. 


ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืคืึทืจื“ืึธืจื‘ื ืงืฒื˜, ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ, ืื™ื– ืขืก, 
ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึทื ื˜ืงืขื’ื ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืžื™ืจ, ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื”ื™ืœืฃ! 


ื™ืึธ, ื›'ื•ื•ืขืœ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืงืขื ื™ื’ ื–ืฒึทืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื“ืึทืจืคื˜ ื“ื™ืš ื”ืขืœืŸ{ืคืŸืŸ 
ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœืข ื“ืฒึทื ืข ืฉื˜ืขื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืฒึทื ืข ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื, 

ืฐืึธืก ื“ื•, ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ืคืึทืจืœืึทื ื’ื˜: 

"ืึธ, ื’ื™ื‘ ืึท ืงืขื ื™ื’ ืžื™ืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคื™ืจืฉื˜ืŸ!" 


ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ ืึท ืงืขื ื™ื’ ื“ื™ืจ, ืื™ืŸ ืฆืึธืจืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืขื, ื’ืขื‘ืŸ! 
ืื•ืŸ ื›'ื ืขื ืื™ืŸ ืฆืึธืจืŸ ืื™ื, ืื™ืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืขื, ืึถืคึผ! 


ืื™ื™ื ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืงืœื˜ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ื–ื™ื ื“ ืืคืจื™ืžืก, 
ื‘ืึทื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืึทืจื‘ืจืขื›ืŸ. 


ืขืก ื‘ืึทืคืึทืœืŸ ืื™ื ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืขืŸ ื ืึธืš ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื ืขืจื™ืŸ 


ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ, ืึท ื–ื•ืŸ ืึธ, ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืงืœื•ื’, 
ื‘ืขืช ืขืจ ืฐืขื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืฒึทืฉื˜ืฒืŸ ืงืขื ืขืŸ 
ื“ืขื ืฉื•ื•ืขืจื’ืขื‘ื•ืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ. 


ืื™ืš ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ื™ ืื•ื™ืกืœื™ื™ื–ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ืžืงื•ื! 

ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ ื–ืึธืœ ืื™ืš ื‘ืึทืคึผืจืฒึทืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™! 

ื™ืึธ, ื™ืึธ, ื›'ืฐื•ื•ืขืœ ื˜ืึทืงืข ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืฑื˜, 
ื›'ื•ื•ืขืœ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืคืึทืจื“ืึทืจื‘ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 

ืึทืฐืขืง ืžื™ืจ, ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืจื—ืžื ื•ืช... 


ื“ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื“ืขืจ ืฐืขื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืขืจ ืคืึทืจื•ื™ืœื“ื˜, 
ืขืก ืงื•ืžื˜ ืึท ืžืึธืจื’ื ืฐื•ื™ื ื˜, 

ืึท ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืึธื˜, ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืฒึทื’ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืื•ื™ืฃืŸ,ืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืจื•ืงืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืงืฐืึทืœ, 


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ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื˜ืจื™ืงื ื˜ ื’ืึธืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฐืึทืกืขืจ-ื˜ื™ืฃืŸ...ืŸ 
ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื“ืขื ืื•ืฆืจ ืืฑืกืคึผืœื™ื ื“ืŸืขืจื–ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืข ื’ืœื•ืกื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ. 


ืื™ื•ื‘ { + 


ื’) ื–ืึธืœ ื’ืฒืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’ ืคืึทืจืœื•ื™ืจืŸ 
ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ื›'ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ืจืŸ. 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืึทื›ื˜ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืึทืคืฑืœืŸ ื“ืึทืŸ: 
ื•ื•ืขืจ ืฉืฐืึทื ื’ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืžืึทืŸ! 


ื“) ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’, ื“ืขืจ ื™ืขื ื™ืงืขืจ ื–ืึธืœ ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ, 
ื–ืึธืœ ื’ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืžืึธื ืขืŸ ืื™ื, 
ื ื™ื˜ ืงืึธื ืขืŸ ืื™ื, 
ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืœืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ื ื“ื™ ืฉืฒื™ืŸ. 


ื”) ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจื ื™ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ื ืึทื›ื˜ืฉืึธื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฉืจืขืงืŸ- 
ื–ืฒึทื ืข, ื–ืึธืœืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื–ื™ื™, ื“ื™ ื“ืขืจืœื™ื™ื–ืขืจ! 
ืขืก ื–ืึธืœ ืึท ืฐืึธืœืงืŸ ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื ืคืึทืจื“ืขืงืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ืึธื ืฐืึทืจืคืŸ ืึท ืคึผื—ื“ ืฐื™ ืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืฆืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื˜ืึธื’ ืึท ื‘ื™ื™ื–ืŸืŸ.ืŸ 


) ื•ึถื™ืขื•ึนื ืข ื ืึทื›ื˜- ืฆื• ืึทืœ ื“ื™ ืฉืฐืึทืจืฆืข ื™ืึธืจ ืื™ืจ! 
ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื”ืขืจืŸ 
ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื•ื’ืขืจืขื›ื ื˜ ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ 
ืฆื• ื˜ืขื’ ืฆื• ืงืœืึธืจืข 
ืฆื• ื˜ืขื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื’ืึทื ืฅ ื™ืึธืจ... ืึธ ื™ืขื ืข ื ืึทื›ื˜ 
ืฐืึธืก ื ื™ื˜ืึธ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ 
ื ื™ื˜ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜, 
ืื™ืŸ ืฆืึธืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื—ื“ืฉื™ื. 


ื–) โ€ ืคืึทืจืื™ื™ื ื–ืึทืžื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ื™ืขื ืข ื ืึทื›ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทื ื’, 
ื–ืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ืึทืจืฒึทื ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื’ืขื–ืึทื ื’, 


186 


ื—) 


ื˜) 


6 


ื™ื™ื™ื) 


ื™"ื‘) 


ื™"ื’) 


ื›'" ื“) 


ื˜"ื•) 


ื˜" ื–) 


ื–ืึธืœืŸ ืฉื™ืœื˜ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื“ื™ ื˜ืึธื’-ืคึผืึทืจืฉื™ืœื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืœ ืžื™ื˜ ืฉืจืขืงืŸ, 
ื“ื™ ืฐืึธืก ื“ืึทืจืคืŸ ื“ืขื ืœึดื•ึฐื™ึตื—ึถืŸ ื•ื•ืขืงืŸ. 


ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจ ื–ืึธืœืŸ ืฐื•ืขืจืŸ 

ืื™ืจืข ืึธืฐื•ื ื˜-ืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ, 

ืื•ืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ ืื•ื™ืกืงื•ืงืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืฒึทืŸ - 
ื–ื™ ื–ืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ! 

ื–ื™ ื–ืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืขืŸ ืฐื™ ื’ืขืขืคื ื˜ ืก'ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ 
ื“ื™ ืฐื™ืžืคึผืขืจ ืคื•ื ืขื ืžืึธืจื’ืŸ-ืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ. 


ืฐืฒึทืœ ืจ'ืŸื”ืึธื–ื˜ ื•ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจืžืึทื›ื˜ 
ืคื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืžื•ื˜(ืขืจืกืŸ ื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜, | 
ืขืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื“ืขืจืžื™ื˜ ืคื™ืœ ื–ืึธืจื’ืŸ 

ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืคืึทืจื‘ืึธืจื’ืŸ... 


ืคืึทืจ ืฐืึธืก |ื–ืึธืœ ืื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ} ื’ืœืฒึทืš ืคื•ืŸ ืžื•ื˜ืขืจืœืฒึทื™ื‘ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึธืจื‘ืŸ? 
ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึทืžืขืก {ื›ื–ื•ื™ืš ืึทืจืฑืก ืื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืึท ืงืจื‘ืŸ. 


ืฆื• ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืงื ื™ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ื’ืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ืฆื• ืฐืึธืก ื“ื™ ื‘ืจื•ืกื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื“ืึทืŸ ื’ืขื–ื•ื™ื’ืŸ? 


ื›'ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื™ืขืฆื˜ ื’ืขืœืขื’ืŸ ืจื•ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทืจื•ื˜, 
ืื•ืŸ ืก'ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื’ื•ื˜. 


ืžื™ื˜ ืžืœื›ื™ื ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜-ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืื™ืš ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ, 
ืฐืึธืก ื‘ืฑื™ืขืŸ, ื‘ื•ื™ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืก ืคืึทืจ ื–ื™ืš ืจื•ื™ึทื ืขืŸ. 


ืฆื™ ื’ืึธืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื”ืึทืจืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืึธืœื“ ื‘ืึทื–ืขืกืŸ 
ืฐืึธืก ืคื™ืœืŸ ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืœื‘ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™'ืจืข ืฉืœืขืกืขืจ. 


ืฆื™ ื’ืึธืจ ืฐ'ืึทืŸ ืขื•ืคืขืœืข ื‘ืึทื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ 
ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืืฑืกื’ืขื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ, 
ื›'ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื•ื™ ืงืœืฒื™ื ืฐืึทืจื’ ื–ืฒึทืŸ - 


187 


5" ื–( 


5" ื—) 


5 ื˜) : 


ื›) 


ื›"ื) 


ื‘"ื‘) 


ื›"ื’) 


ื›"ื“) 


ืฐืึธืก ื–ืขืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืฉืฒึทืŸ! 


ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืขืจื’ืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ื™ื ื“ืขืจ - 
ื“ื™ ืžื™ื“ืข ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืึทื˜ืข ืจื•ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื ื“ืขืจืŸ.ืŸ 


ื–ื™ ืœื™ื’ืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื‘ืึทืจื•ื˜, ืคืึทืจืฉืœืึธืกืŸ, ืึธืŸ ืฆื•ืจื™ืงืงืขืจ... 
ืื•ืŸ ื”ืขืจืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืงื•ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทื“ืจื™ืงืขืจ. 


ืื™ ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก -- ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ืจืขื›ื˜, 
ืื•ืŸ ืคืจืฒึทื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืœ-ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขื ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืงื ืขื›ื˜. 


ืฐืึธืก ื“ืึทืจืฃ ืขืจ ืœื™ื›ื˜ ื“ืขื ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืงืœืขื›ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืŸ? 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื˜ืขืจื˜ืข -- ืฐืึธืก ื˜ื•ื’ ื–ื™ื™ ืœืขื‘ืŸ? 


ืึธ ื“ื™ ืฐืึธืก ืงื•ืงืŸ ืื•ื™ืก ื“ืขื ื˜ืฑื˜, ื“ืขื ืงืึทืœื˜ืŸ, 
ืฐืึธืก ื–ื•ื›ืŸ ืื•ื ืื™ื ืฐื™ ืžืขืŸ ื–ื•ื›ื˜ ืึทืŸ ืื•ืฆืจ ื˜ื™ืฃ ื‘ืึทื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ. 


ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืฐืึธืก ืคืจื™ื™ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš, 
ื“ื™ ืฐืึธืก ืก'ืคืึทืจื’ืฒื™ืขืŸ ื–ื™ 
ืคืึทืจ ืคืจื™ื™ื“ ื“ื™ ื–ื™ื ืขืŸ 
ืึท ืงื‘ืจ ืฆื• ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ... 


ื“ืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืื™ืŸ ืคืœื•ื’ - 

ืึธ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื ื•ื’ 

ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ ืื™ื– ืื™ื ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ 

ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืึธืš ื’ืึธื˜ ืคืึทืจืฆื•ื™ืžื˜ ืคืึทืจ ืื™ื ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜. 


ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ื ืึธืš ืื™ืš ื˜ืจืึธื’ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืจื•ื™ื˜ ืžืฒื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืกืŸ 
ืฆื•, ืฆื• ืžืฒึทื™ื ืข ืœืขืคืฆืŸ 

ื”ืขืจืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ื™ ืงืจืขื›ืฆืŸ ืžืฒึทื™ื ืข, ืื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืข ื–ื™ืคืฆืŸ 

ืงื•ืžืขืŸ - 

ืื•ืŸ ื’ื™ืกืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฆืขื’ื™ืกืŸ 

ื•ื™ ืฐืึทืกืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื™ืขืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืข ืื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืžืขืŸืŸ.ืŸ 


188 


ื›"ื”) ื“ืขืจ ืคึผื—ื“ ืคืึทืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขืฆื™ื˜ืขืจื˜ ื•ื™ ืึท ื‘ืœืึทื˜ 
ืื™ื– ืžื™ืจ ืคืึธืจื•ึนื™ืกื’ืขืœืึธืคืŸ 


ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืจืขืง ืคืึทืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืžื•ืจื ืฉื˜ืึทืจืง ื’ืขื”ืึทื˜ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ืš ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธืคืŸ. 


ื›"ื•) ื›'ื‘ื™ืŸ ืจื•ื™ึดืง ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐื•ืขืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ืœ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ, 
ื ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืจื• ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜ - 
ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืขืŸ -- 
ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ, ืึทืš ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืคืึทืจื“ืจื•ืก! 





ื’ืขื’ืจืึทืžื˜ืข ื”ืงื“ืžื” ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืคืึธืจืœืขื–ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืง ืž"ื— ืื™ืŸ ืกืคืจ ื™ืฉืขื™ื” 


ืึทืจื™ื™ื ืคื™ืจ 11 


ืึท ื“ืจืึทืžืึทื˜ื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ืœื“ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืชึผื "ื›ื™ืฉืขืจ ื˜ืขืžืข, ืื™ืŸ ืคืขืจื–ืŸ. ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคืึธืจื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ 
ื“ืจืึทืžืึทื˜ื™ืฉืŸ ืงืจืฒึทื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ "ื“ืจื•ืจ"-ื‘ืึทืฐืขื’ื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ. ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืžืงื•ืจ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื“ืึธ ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ืฆื•ื 
ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืžืึธืœ, ืœื•ื™ื˜ืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืจืึทื˜ืขืฐืขื˜ืŸ ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“. ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืื™ื– ืึท ื’ืขื ื•ื™ืข ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’, ืžื™ื˜ 
ื’ืึธืจ ืฐืฒื™ื ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ืื•ืžื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืข ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ึดืฉืŸ ืึธืจื™ื’ื™ื ืึทืœ "ื™ืขืงื‘ ื•ืขืฉื•" -- ืฐืึธืก ื™.ืง. 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜-ืžืœื—ืžื” ืื•ืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ึดืฉืŸ ื™ื•ื’ื ื˜-ื–ืฉื•ืจื ืึทืœ 
"ืขื•ืœืžื™ื™ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ืจืขื“ืึทืงืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืจืึธื–ื ื”ืขืง ืื•ืŸ ืืœื—ื ืŸ ืื™ื ื“ืขืœืžืึทืŸ (ื–ืข: ืขื•ืœืžื™ (ื•ืจืฉื”), 
ืฉื ื” ื’', ื' ืื™ื™ืจ ืชืจืฆ"ื— (2.5.1938), 16 (45), ื–ื–ื™ 238-237; ื˜"ื– ืื™ื™ืจ ืชืจืฆ"ื— (17.5.1938), 17 (46), 
ื–ื•' 254-253), ืื™ืŸ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ึดืฉืŸ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคืขืจื–ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคืึทืจืึทืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ืžืขื ื˜ืึทืœืก ืจืฉื™ืžื” - 
ืจืขื’ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืึธืจื˜ ื ื•ืž' 8. ื“ื™ ื’ืขื ื•ื™ืข ื“ืึทื˜ืข ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืžืึทื›ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ, ืื™ื– 
ืื•ืžื‘ืึทืงืึทื ื˜. ื“ื™ ืึทืจืฑืกื–ืึธื’ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึทื˜ืข ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืœ ืžื™ื˜ ืกืชึผื™ืจื•ืช:ืœื•ื™ื˜ืŸ ื”ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืฒื™ 
ืฆื•ืงืจืžืŸ - ืžื‘ืคื ื™ื, ื™"ื’, ื–ื™ 32, ืื™ื– "ื™ืขืงื‘ ืื•ืŸ ืขืฉื‚ื• ืคืึธืจื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ, ื ืึธืš ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ื™.ืง. 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ืึธื ื˜ืฒืœ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืขืจื“ื™ืฉืขืจ "ื“ืจื•ืจ"-ืคึผืจืขืกืข, ืก'ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ -- ื–ื•ืžืขืจ 1940. 
ืœื•ื™ื˜ืŸ ื”ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืฒึท ืœื•ื‘ื˜ืงื™ืŸ, ื–ื™ 463, ื”ืึธื˜ "ื™ืขืงื‘ ืื•ืŸ ืขืฉื‚ื•" ื’ืขืงืขื ื˜ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื‘ื™ื– ืกื•ืฃ 1941. ืื™ืŸ 
ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืจืฉื™ืžื”, ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื˜ ื‘ืœื•ืžืขื ื˜ืึทืœ: "1?19401. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืคื•ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื, ืชืฉื›"ื˜, ืื™ื– 
ืึธื ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื•ื™ ืึท ื”ืฉืขืจื”: "ื›ึผืกืœื• ืชึผืฉ"ื" ?ื“ืขืฆืขืžื‘ืขืจ 1940 4, ื“ืึธืจื˜, ื ื•ืž' 9, ืก'ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜: ื ืึธืš ืคืึทืจ ื“ื™ 
ืชึผื "ืš-ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื™ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™. ืœืฑื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืขื“ื•ืชืฉืึทืคื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื—ื•ื” (ืคืึธืœืžืึทืŸ) ืจืึทื‘ืึทืŸ, 
ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืœืขื‘ื˜ ืื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ืœื•ื—ืžื™ ื”ื’ื™ื˜ืื•ืช ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ื’ืขืฉืคึผื™ืœื˜ ื“ื™ ื™ืขืงื‘-ืจืึธืœืข ื‘ืขืช ื“ืขืจ 
ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’, ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืคืึธืจื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื™ื˜ ื ืึธืš ื“ืขื ืฐื™ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ืื™ื– 
ืคืึทืจืžืึทื›ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ, ืก'ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜: ืึทืจื•ื ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ 1940/41, 

ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ื“ืจืึทืžืึทื˜ื™ืฉืข ืกื˜ื•ื“ื™ืข ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ื™.ืง. ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜, ืื™ื– ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ืึทื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข 
ืชึผืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืขืจื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ื’ื™ืžื ืึทื–ื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ "ื“ืจื•ืจ" ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขื”ื™ื™ืžืข ืกืขืžื™ื ืึทืจืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืขืœื˜ืขืจ 
ืคื•ืŸ 15 ื‘ื™ื– 17 ื™ืึธืจ (ื–ืข: ืชื‘ืข"ืค- ืคื•ืœืžืŸ, ื—' 17716; ืฆื•ืงืจืžืŸ- ืžื‘ืคื ื™ื, ื™"ื’, ื–ื™ 32). ื“ื™ 
ืกื˜ื•ื“ื™ืข ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื•, ื ืึธื›ืŸ ืฉืœื™ืกืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื ื’ืขื˜ืึธ, ืื•ืŸ ืœื›ืœ-ื”ืคึผื—ื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ 
ื”ืขืœืคื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ 1941, ื•ื™ ืึท ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ืฒื˜ืฒืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืชึผื "ืš-ืึธืฐื ื˜ืŸ. 

ื“ืึธืก ื‘ืึทื ื™ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืฉืึทืคึฟืขื ืข ื•ืขืจืง ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ืžืœื—ืžื”, ืื™ื‘ืขืจืœืึธื–ื ื“ื™ืง ื“ืขื ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ื•ื™ 
ืขืจ ืื™ื– -- ื›ึผืžืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฆืŸ ื ื™ื˜-ื’ืขืขื ื“ืขืจื˜, ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ืขื ื“ืœืขืš ืคืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ื‘ืฒึท ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืขืŸ, 
ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึทื–ืฑ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทื“ืขืจืคืขื ื™ืฉ ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจื™ืฉ ืึทืœื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึทืจืฑืกืฆืฐื–ืึธื’ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉืŸ, ื•ื™ ืžื™ื˜ 
ืจืขืคึผืขืจื˜ื•ืึทืจ-ื‘ืึทื“ืขืจืคึผืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื ื“ืจืึทืžืึทื˜ื™ืฉืŸ ืงืจืฒึทื–. ื“ื™ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ ืฐืึธืก 
ื™.ืง. ื”ืึธื˜ ืึทืจืฒึทื ื’ืขืœืฒื’ื˜ ื‘ืฒึทื ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืึธื ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืง ืคืึทืจืŸ ืจืขืคึผืขืจื˜ื•ืึทืจ ื’ื•ืคื, ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืฒึทื 
ืื™ื ืกืฆืขื ื™ื–ื™ืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืจืึทืžืึทื˜ื™ืฉืข ื‘ื™ืœื“ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืกืฆืขื ืงืขืก, ื“ืึทืจืคืŸ ืคืึทืจืจืขื›ื ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ 
ืคืึทืจืฆืฐืฒึทื’ื˜ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ืขืจื™ืฉืขืจ ืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ื™.ืง. ืื™ื– ืึธื ื’ืขื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืึทืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ืจื•ืจ-ื”ื—ืœื•ืฅ, ื‘ืžืฉืš ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ-ืžึผืงื•ืคื”. ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืื™ื– ืœืžืขืฉื‚ื” ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ื”ืžืฉืš ืคื•ืŸ 
ืขื ืœืขื›ืข ืื•ื™ืคื˜ื•ืขืŸ, ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื™.ืง. ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืกื˜ื™ืžื•ืœื™ืจื˜ ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ืžืœื—ืžื”. 

ื“ื™ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืจื™ืฉ-ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจื™ืฉืข ืึทืงื˜ื™ืฐืฑื˜ืขื˜ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ-ืชึผืงื•ืคื”, ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืึทืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ 


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ืชึผื "ืš-ืึธื•ื•ื ื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืจืึทืžืึทื˜ื™ืฉืข ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืขืึทื˜ืขืจ-ืกื˜ื•ื“ื™ืข, ืื™ื– ืึท ืฉื˜ืึทืคึผืœ ืื™ืŸ ื™ื™ืง'ืก 
ืฉืึทืคืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืฉืคึผื™ื’ืœื˜ ืึธืคึผ ืฆื• ื’ืœืฒึทืš ื“ืขื ืึทืœื’ืขืžืฒื ืขื ื‘ืึทื ืขื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื•ื’ื ื˜-ื‘ืึทื•ื•ืขื’ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ื‘ืžืฉืš ื“ืขื 
ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ-ื™ืึธืจ, ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื ื•ื™ื˜ื•ื•ืขื ื“ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืคืึทืจื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจืฆื™ึดืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข 
ื—ื‘ืจื™ื, ื›ึผื“ื™ ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืจื“ืข ื‘ืฒึท ืฆื• ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืข ืžืœื—ืžื”-ืฆืฒึทื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคืึทืจืœื™ืจื ื“ื™ืง ื“ืขื ืฆืœื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ 
ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืื™ื“ืขืึทืœืŸ. ื“ืึธืก ื“ืจืึทืžืึทื˜ื™ืฉืข ื‘ื™ืœื“ "ื™ืขืงื‘ ืื•ืŸ ืขืฉื‚ื•", ืึท ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืœ ืžื™ื˜ ื”ื•ืžืึธืจ, ืฐืึธืก 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื—ื•ื–ืง ื’ืขืžืึทื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืขืฉื‚ื•ืก "ืขืฉื•ื“ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜", ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขื ืฆื•ื•ืขืง ืฆื•ื’ืขืคึผืึทืกื˜ ื‘ื™ื– ื’ืึธืจ. ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ 
ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข ืคึผืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืžื™ืŸ, ื–ืข ืœืžืฉืœ ืฐืฒื™ื˜ืขืจ: ื ื•ืž' 12, 16, 17, 19, 27. 

ื“ืขืจ ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“ ื’ืขืคื™ื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื™ืง -ืึทืจื›ื™ื•ื• ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ืœื•ื—ืžื™ ื”ื’ื™ื˜ืื•ืช ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืจืขื’ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ืจื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ 
ื ื•ืž' 8.11/1006. ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ืข ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ึดืฉืŸ ืึธืจื™ื’ื™ื ืึทืœ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’, 
ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืฉืŸ ืฆื•ื”ืึทื ื’. 


ื™ืขืงื‘ ืื•ืŸ ืขืฉื‚ื• 


ื™ืขืงื‘ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขืฆืขืœื˜. ืขืก ื‘ืจืขื ื˜ ืึท ืคึผืฒึทืขืจืŸ.ืŸ 
ื™ืขืงื‘ ืžื™ืฉื˜ ื‘ืฒึทื ืคืฒึทืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื˜ืึธืคึผ 

ื™ืขืงื‘ (ืžื™ืฉื ื“ื™ืง ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืœืขืคืœ { ืŸ 
ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจ ืจืขื›ื˜ืก) 


ื•ื ื™ื‘} ื“ืขืจ { 
ืขืกืŸ ืคืœื™ื™ืฉ { ืŸ 


ืึธ ื’ืึธื˜, ืžืฒึทืŸ ื’ืึธื˜! 

ื“ืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื’ืขื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ืš, 

ืื™ืŸ ืžื•ื˜ืขืจืœืฒึทื‘ ื’ืขื‘ืขื˜ืŸ: ื’ืึธื˜ 

ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ, ืื™ืš! ืื™ืš ืฐื•ื™ืœ - 

ื“ื™ ืžืึทืžืข ื–ืึธืœ ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ืจืŸ ืžื™ืš ื“ืขื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ! 
ืื™ืš ืฐื™ืœ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ 
ื“ืขืจื–ืขืŸ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืœื™ื›ื˜ { } 

ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ืœ ื“ื™ ื”ื™ืžืœืขืŸ ื“ืฒึทื ืข, ื’ืึธื˜, 


* ื“ืึธ, ืื™ื– ืึท ื”ืึทืœื‘ืข ื–ืฒึทื˜ืœ ืื•ืžืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืื™ื‘ืขืจืฆื•ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ. 


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ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ืœ ื–ื™ ืึธื ืงื•ืงืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ! 

ืึธ ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืื™ืš ื’ืึทืจ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืขืจื“ ื ื™ื˜, 

ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ืจืข ืื•ืฆืจื•ืช ืึทืœืข, 

ื ืึธืจ ื“ืฒึทื ืข ื”ื™ืžืœืขืŸ ื’ืึทืจ ืื™ืš, 

ื“ื™ ืœื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืข, ื“ื™ ื”ื™ืžืœืขืŸ ื“ืฒึทื ืข, ื’ืึธื˜! 

ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ -- ( ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขืจืขื’ื˜ ืฆื•ื ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืก 

ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžืึทืžืขืก ื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ 

ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืฒึท ื“ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜ ื’ืขื–ืขืกืŸ - 

ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขืฉืคึผืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืึท ืฉื˜ื•ื™ืก ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืžื™ืš! - 

( ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื˜ืขืจื˜) 

ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขื“ืึทืจืคื˜ ื“ืขืจื–ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ - 

ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืœื“ืข ื”ืึทื ื˜ ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืึท ืฉื˜ื•ื™ืก - 

ื™ืึธ, ืึธื™ื™. 

ืฐืึธืก ื‘ืึทื˜ืจืขืคื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื›ึผื•ื— 

ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ืึท ืฉื˜ืึทืจืงืขืจืขืจ -- ื™ืึธ... ื™ืึธ... 

ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ื ืึธืคึผืฐืึทืจืคืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขืงืขื ื˜, 

ืื™ืš ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ืคืึทืจืžืฒึทื“ืŸ ืึท ื’ืขืฉืœืขื’, 

ืึท ื’ืขืงืจื™ื’ืขืจื™ื™ ื“ืึธืจื˜, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžืึทืžืขืก ื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜, 

ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, 

ื‘ืฒึทื ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ืจืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ืขืŸ... 

ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืึท ืฐืฒึทืœืข ืืฒึทื ื’ืขื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ืš, 

ืึท ืฐืฒึทืœืข ื ืึธืจ-- ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ ืคืึทืจืฉืคึผืขื˜ื™ืงื˜! 

ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ื‘ืึทืฐื™ื–ืŸ ื ืึธืจ ืึท ื›ืึทืคึผ ื˜ืึธืŸ ืื™ื ื‘ืฒึทื ืคื•ืก, 

ืื•ืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืื•ืžื–ื™ืกื˜... 

ืึทืš, ืฐื™ ืขืก ื˜ื•ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืึทื ื’, 

ื•ื™ ื˜ื•ื˜ ืึธ, ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจืฉืคึผืขื˜ื™ืงื•ื ื’ ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืึทื ื’, 

ืฐืึธืก ื›'ื‘ื™ืŸ ืึท ืฐืฒึทืœืข ื ืึธืจ ื ืึธืš ืื™ื ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ืจืŸ, 

ืฐืึธืก ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ื“ืขืจื–ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื›ื˜ ืึท ืฐืฒึทืœ, 

ืึท ื•ื•ืฒึทืœ ื ืึธืš ืื™ื! | 

ื›'ื•ื•ื™ืœ ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื™ืึธืจ ืึท ื’ืึทื ืฆืก ืึทืคึผืจื™ึดืขืจ ืฉื˜ืึทืจื‘ืŸ, 

ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืฐืฒึทืœืข ืคืจื™ึดืขืจ ืึธื ืงื•ืงืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื›ื˜, 

ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืคืจื™ึดืขืจ, ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช-ืœืขื‘ืŸ... 

ืžืฒึทื ืข, ืžื™ื™ื ืข ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ื‘ื›ื•ืจื”! (ืžื™ืฉื˜ ื“ืขื ื˜ืึธืคึผ ืœื™ื ื“ื–) 
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ืขืฉื‚ื• ( ืงื•ืžื˜ ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ ืžื™ื“ ืื•ืŸ ืฆืขื‘ืจืึธื›ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืขืœื“, ืคืึทืœื˜ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื‘ืขื ืงืœ ืœื™ื ืงืก) 
ืื•ืฃ -- ืื•ืฃ! ื•ื™ ืžื™ื“ ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ! 


ื™ืขืงื‘ ืจื• ืื•ื™ืก ื–ื™ืš! 

ืขืฉื‚ื• ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜-ืžื™ื“! 

ื™ืขืงื‘ ืœื™ื™ื’ ืฆื• ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ื• ื•ื•ื™ืœืกื˜. 
ืขืฉื‚ื• ืื•ืฃ-ืื•ืฃ -- ืึทืš, ืžื™ื“! 

ื™ืขืงื‘ ืฐืึธืก ืงืขืŸ ืื™ืš ื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ื™ืจ, ื–ืึธื’? 
ืขืฉื‚ื• ืื™ืš -- ืงื•ื™ื ืฐืขืจ ืื™ืš ืฉืฐืึทืš - 


ืื™ื– ื“ืึธ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืึทืš 
ืฐืึธืก ืงืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืžื™ื“ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืžืึทื›ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืคึผืึทืจื’ืขืกืŸ: 


ืขืกืŸ! 
ืึท ืฉื˜ื™ืงืœ ื‘ืฉื‚ืจ, ืึท ื‘ื™ืกืœ ื“ื - 
ื”ืึทื! ื”ืึทืก! 

ื™ืขืงื‘ ื–ืึธื’ ื ื™ื˜: ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื“! 
ื–ืึธื’: ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืึทืŸ ืึทืคึผืขื˜ื™ื˜! 

ืขืฉื‚ื• ืื™ ืžื™ื“, ืื™ ืึทืคึผืขื˜ื™ื˜... 

ื™ืขืงื‘ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ืจ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜, ืขืฉื‚ื•? 


ื“ืึธืก ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืžืึธืœ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜, 
ืงื•ืžืกื˜ื• ืžื™ื˜ ืœื™ื™ื“ื™ืงืข ืžื™ื˜ ื”ืขื ื˜ 


ืคื•ืŸ ืคืขืœื“! 
ืขืฉื‚ื• ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืœื™ื™ื“ื™ืงืŸ ืื™ืš ืžืึธื’ืŸ... 
ื™ืขืงื‘ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืขืก ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ืจ? 
ืขืฉื‚ื• ืึท ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’ ื‘ืฒึท ืžื™ืจ! 


ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขื™ืึธื’ื˜ ืึท ื”ื™ืจืฉ - 
ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทื’ื™ื ืขืŸ ืึธืŸ! 
ื“ื™ ืคื™ึทื™ืœืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืข -- ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธืคืŸ ืื™ื, 
ืื™ื ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจื’ืจื™ื™ื›ื˜, 
ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืคึผืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืš ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืฉืคึผื™ืฆืŸ ื‘ืขืจื’, 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืึธืคึผื’ืจื•ื ื˜ืŸ - 
ืขืจ ืœื•ื™ืคื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš -- ื ืึธืš ืื™ื, ื ืึธืš ืื™ื -- 
ืื•ืŸ ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜! 
ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ื”ื™ืจืฉ! 
ืึทืš! ืึทืš! 
13 


ื•ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ืื™ื ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ืึท ื ืขื ื˜ืึธืŸ 

ืคืึทืจ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฆืฐืฒึทื™ื’ื˜ืข ื”ืขืจื ืขืจ, 

ืึท ื ืขื ื˜ืึธืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืึท ืงื•ืง ื˜ืึธืŸ ื˜ื™ืฃ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืื™ื, 

ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ืฉืจืขืง ืฐืึธืก ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืคื•ืœืŸ... 
ื“ื™ ืฉืจืขืง ืฐืึธืก ืคืึทืจืŸ ื˜ืฑื˜ { } 

ืึทืš ื“ื™ ืฉืจืขืง ืฐืึธืก ืคืึทืจืŸ ื˜ื•ื˜ -- ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ ื‘ืึทืคืึทืœื˜ ื“ื™ืš - 
ื“ืึธืก ื’ื™ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื›ื•ื—! 

ืึท ืœื™ื‘ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืจ'ื’ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ืžื™ืจ, 

ืึท ืœื™ื™ื‘ ื’ืขืคืึทื ื’ืขืŸ -- ืึทืš, ืฐื™ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืขืจ ืฆื• ืึทื•ึดืŸึฐ} ืื™ื ื“ ืื™ืŸ ืคืขืœื“, 
ืฆื• ืึท ืฉื˜ื•ืžืข{ืจ} ืื™ื ื“! 

ืึทื•ืŸ} ืื™ื ื“ ืื•ืŸ ืึทื ืŸ| ืึทื ื’ืกื˜ ืึท ืฉื˜ื•ืžืข ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ! 
ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืึท ืœืขื‘ืขื“ื™ืง ื‘ืึทืฉืขืคืขื ื™ืฉ ื“ืขืจืฉืจืึธืงืŸ: 

ืฉืจืขืง ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขืจื™ืกืขื ืข ื“ืขืจืฐื•ืึทืจืขืžื˜ ืžื™ืš, ืจืขื’ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืžื™ืš! 
ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืœื™ื‘ ืึท ื‘ื”ืžื”ืœืข ืฐืึธืก ืึทื ื’ืกื˜ื™ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš, 

ืื™ืš ืขืก ืื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ื™ืš, 

ืื™ืš ืฉืคึผื™ืœ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ ื–ื™ืš... ( ืฉืžื—ื”) 

ืึทืš ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก ื’ืขื ื•ื™ 

ืึทื– ืื™ืš ื›ืึทืคึผ ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ - 

ืœืึธื– ืึธืคึผ ืื™ืš ืื™ืจ ืึท ืฐืฒึทืœ, ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืš ืึท ืฐืฒึทืœ... 

ืฆื™ ื”ืึธืกื˜ื• ืื™ื ื’ืขืคื™ืœื˜ ื“ืขื ืคืึทืจื’ืขื ื™ื’ืŸ: 

ืึธืคึผืœืึธื–ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื›ืึทืคึผืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ-- ? 

ืœืึธื– ืึธืคึผ ืื•ืŸ ื›ืึทืคึผ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืก'ื ืฒึท, ืœืึธื– ืึธืคึผ ืื•ืŸ ื›ืึทืคึผ ื–ื™ ืฐื™ื“ืขืจ! 


ื™ืขืงื‘ ( ืคึฟืึธืจื›ื˜ืœืขืš) 
ืขืฉื‚ื•! 
ืขืฉื‚ื• ืึทืš, ืฐื™ ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ื›'ืก ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ - 


ืึท ื ืขื ื˜ืึธืŸ ืื™ื ื“ืขื ื”ื™ืจืฉ 
ืคืึทืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื”ืขืจื ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข: 
ืึท ื ืขื ื˜ืึธืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืึท ืจื™ืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ืขืŸ ืื™ื, 
ืื•ืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ื“ืึธืก ื‘ืœื•ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืžื™ืจ ืึท ืฉืคึผืจื™ืฅ ื˜ืึธืŸ, 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึทื ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜, 
ื“ืึธืก ืฐืึทืจ'ืžืข ื‘ืœื•ื˜! 
ืื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืกืขืจ ื˜ืจืึธืคึผืŸ ื˜ืจืขืคื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืžื•ื™ืœ ืžื™ืจ, 
ืžื™ืจ ืื™ืŸ ืžื•ื™ืœ-- 

1944 


ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘'ืก ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜! 


ื™ืขืงื‘ (ืžื™ื˜ ืขืงื˜ 
ืขืฉื‚ื•! 
ืขืฉื‚ื• ื•ื•ื™ื™ ืžื™ืจ! ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื’ืขืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจืฉืœืึธื’ืŸ, 


ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื‘ื•ื™ืš ื’ืขืฉืฐืึธืœืŸ 

ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื’'ืจื™ืง ื–ืฒึทืŸ - 

ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ืึทื”ื™ื™ื ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื™ืขืฆื˜...(ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึทืžื™) 
ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธืกื˜ื• ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืึธืคึผ? 


ืคืœื™ื™ืฉ? 
ื™ืขืงื‘ ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื ื™ื˜. 
ืขืฉื‚ื• ื‘ืœื•ื˜? 
ื™ืขืงื‘ ืึธ, ื ื™ื™ืŸ. 
ืขืฉื‚ื• ืคื™ืฉ? 
ื™ืขืงื‘ ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืขื“ื™ืง ื‘ืึทืฉืขืคืขื ื™ืฉ 
ืขืฉื‚ื• ืึท ืœืขื‘ืขื“ื™ืง ื‘ืึทืฉืขืคืขื ื™ืฉ - 


ืงื•ื™ื ืœื™ื’ื˜ ืขืก ืึธืคึผื’ืขืงืึธื›ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืึธืคึผ 
ืื™ื– ืขืก ื ื™ื˜ ืžืขืจ ืœืขื‘ืขื“ื™ืง, ื ื™ื˜ ืžืขืจ! 
ื™ืขืงื‘ ืึทื–ืฑ ืื•ื™ืš ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ-ืคืจืขืกืขืจ: 
ืคืึทืจืฆืขืจื ื“ื™ืง ืึท ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ 
ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ื–ื™ื™: ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืขื“ื™ืง ื‘ืึทืฉืขืคืขื ื™ืฉ 
ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืคืึทืจืฆืขืจื˜! 
ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ื ืึธืš ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ื ืคืึทืจืฆืขืจื˜ 
ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืื™ื ื˜ื•ื˜ ื’ืขืฉืœืึธื’ืŸ, 
ืขืฉื‚ื• ื“ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืขื ืœืขื›ืข ืฆื• ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืคืึธื˜ืขืจืก-- 
ืื™ืš ื”ื™ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืึธืคึผ ื–ื™ื™-- 
ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืึธื’ ืื™ื, ื™ืขืงื‘, ืื•ื™ืก... 
ื™ืขืงื‘ ืžื™ืจ ื“ื•ื›ื˜: ื ืึธืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžืึทืžืขืก ืื™ื ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื“ 
ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื’ืขืœืขืจื ื˜ ื–ื™ื™, ื“ื™ ืฐืขืจื˜ืขืจ: ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจื”ืจื’ืข! 
ื–ื™ ืœื™ื’ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื˜! 
ืขืฉื‚ื• ื ืึท...ื ืึท... ื“ืขืจ ืžืึทืžืขืก ืื™ื ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื“ -- 
ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื–ืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš! 
ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ืจ ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ...ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื–ื™ืš 
ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ืื™ื ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื“ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืคืŸ, 


15 


ื™ืขืงื‘ 
ืขืฉื‚ื• 


ื™ืขืงื‘ื 


ืขืฉื‚ื• 
ื™ืขืงื‘ 
ืขืฉื‚ื• 


ื™ืขืงื‘ 


ืขืฉื• 


ื™ืขืงื‘ 


ืขืฉื‚ื• 


ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืœืขืจื ื˜ ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜ 

ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืึทืœืขื... 

ืึทืš, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื•ื“ืขืจ - 

ืึทืš, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืึท ื”ื™ืจืฉ - | 
ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืึท ื”ื™ืจืฉ -- ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืื™ืš ืึทื–ืฑ ืฆืขืจื™ืกืŸ ื“ื™ืš (ืœืึธื–ื˜ 
ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ื ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืขื ืข ื”ืขื ื˜) 

ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื“ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขื’ืขืกืŸ! 

ื›'ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื“ ืื•ืŸ... ื”ื•ื ื’ืขืจื™ืง-- 

ืึธ ื–ืขื˜ื™ืง ืึธืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืŸ, ืคื•ืŸ ืจืฑื˜ืŸ -- ืจื•ื™ื˜ืŸ ืžื™ืš! 

ืื™ืš ื’ื™ื‘ ืึทืฐืขืง ื“ื™ืจ ืึทืœืฅ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืึธืคึผ, ืื™ืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืขื. 
ื’ื™ื‘! 

ื“ื• ืงืขืจ ืžื™ืจ ืื•ื ืฐืึธืก ื“'ื”ืึธืกื˜ 

ืžื™ื˜ ื›ึผื•ื— ืฆื•ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ... 

ืฐืึธืก ื–ืึธืœ ืื™ืš ืฆ'ืจื™ืงื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ืจ ื“ืขืŸ? 

ืึท ื—ื•ื‘... ืึท ื—ื•ื‘ ื ืึธืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžืึทืžืขืก ื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜! 

ืึท ืฉื™ื›ึผื•ืจ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืฆื•ื ืึธืจื˜ ืฆื•-- ืฐื•ึผ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืจืึธื›ืŸ. 

ืื•ืŸ ื“ื•-- ื“ื• ืฆื• ืžืฒึทืŸ ื‘ื›ื•ืจื”. 

( ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขื‘ืจืึทื›ื˜ 

ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ื›ื•ืจื”! 

ื™ืึธ, ืžืฒึทื ืข! 

ืื•ื™ื‘ ืฐื•ื™ืœ ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื–ื™ ื’ืึธืจ -- ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึทื–ืฑ ืฉื˜ืึทืจืง ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ 
ืฉื˜ื•ื™ืกื ื“ื™ืง ื“ื™ืš ื“ืึทืŸ 

ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืฉืฐืขืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืขืจืŸ... (ืœืขื‘ืŸ) 

ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืื•ื™ืก ืœื™ื‘ืข ืฆื• ื’ืขืฉืœืขื’ืขืจื™ื™ 

ืึท ืฉื˜ื•ื™ืก ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ื™ืš ื“ืึทืŸ- โ€ - 

ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืœื™ื‘ ื’ืึธืจ ืฉื˜ืึทืจืง, ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืœื™ื‘ ื’ืขืฉืœืขื’ืขืจื™ื™... 

ื“ื•- ืึท ื’ืขืฉืœืขื’ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš -- ื”ืึธื‘ ืก'ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืœื™ื‘. 

ืœื™ื‘ืข ืฆื• ื’ืขืฉืœืขื’ ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ื‘ืข ืฆื• ื“ืขื ืœืขื‘ืŸ - 


ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข, ื–ืึธื’, ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื–ื™ื™, ืื™ื– ืžืขืจ? 


ืคืึทืจืงื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืฒึทื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ื•ืจื” ืžื™ืจ! 
ืžืฒึทื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ื•ืจื” ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืŸ ืงืจื™ื’ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขื–?... 
ืงืจื™ื’! 
ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ื ืœื™ื‘, ื“ืขื ืงืจื™ื’! 
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ืขืฉื‚ื• 


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ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื˜ื•ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืึธืก ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ื– ืขืจ... 
ืื™ืš -- ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืš ื˜ืฑื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืคืฒึทื™ื ื“ - 

ืงื•ืžื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืึท ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืฆื•! 

ื•ื•ื™ื™ ื“ื™ืจ!... ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื‘ืึทืจืฑื‘ื˜ ืึท ืœืขื‘ืŸ - 

ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื•ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ืจ, ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜! 
ืึทืœืฒื™ืŸ ื ืึธืจ ื’ืึธื˜-- ืขืจ ืงืขืŸ ื‘ืึทืคืฑืœืŸ ื“ื™ืจ ื“ืึธืก ืœืขื‘ืŸ! 
( ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขืฐืึทื›ื˜ 

ืคืึทืจืงื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ื›ื•ืจื” ืžื™ืจ! 

ื•ื™ ืงืขืŸ ืื™ืš ื–ื™ ืคืึทืจืงื•ื™ืคืŸ? 

ืžื™ืจ ืงืขืจืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืžืึทืžืขืก ื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื! 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ื›ื•ืจื”, ืึธ, ื ืึธืš ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ื“ื• ื’ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืื•ื™ืก - 
ืฆื™ ืงืขืŸ ืžืขืŸ ืึธื ื ืขืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืึทื ื˜? 
ื›'ืคืึทืจืงื•ืฃ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจื“ ื“ื™ืจ ื“ืึธ ืคืึทืจ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขืงืขื›ื˜ืก! 
ืื™ืš ืฉื˜ื™ืฅ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ืฉื•ื•ืขืจื“ ื ื™ื˜! 

ืžืฒึทื™ืŸ ืคื™ึทื™ืœืŸ-ื‘ื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื ืขื! 

ืื•ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืคืฒึทื™ืœืŸ-ื‘ื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื“ืึทืจืฃ ืื™ืš. 

ืื™ื– ืฐืึธืก ืคืึทืจืœืึทื ื’ืกื˜ื•, ื–ืึธื’?! 

ื“ื™ ื‘ื›ื•ืจื”! 

ื•ื™ ื–ืึธืœ ืื™ืš ื–ื™ ืคืึทืจืงื•ื™ืคืŸ ื“ื™ืจ? 

ื’ื™ื™ ื™ืึธื’ ื“ืขื ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืคืขืœืš! 

ืื™ืš ื™ืึธื’! 

ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืจืึทืœืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืคืึทืœืŸ ื“ื™ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื™ืžืœ - 
ื‘ืึทื”ืึทืœื˜ ื–ื™ื™, ืื•ื‘ ื“ื• ืงืขื ืกื˜, ื‘ืฒึท ื“ื™ืจ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฆืŸ! 
ืื™ืš ื‘ืึทื”ืึทืœื˜ ื–ื™ื™! 

ื”ืึธืกื˜ ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขื›ืึทืคึผื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืœืึธืฃ ื–ื™ืš -- 

ืฉื˜ืจืขืง ืื•ื™ืก ื“ื™ ื”ืึทื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื›ืึทืคึผ ื“ืขื ื—ืœื•ื ืึธืŸ, 
ืฐืึธืก ื“ื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื—ืœื•ืžื˜. 

ืื™ืš ื›ืึทืคึผ ืื™ื! 

ืฐืึธืก ื˜ื•ื™ื’ ื“ื™ืจ ื“ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืึทืœืฅ? 

ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ืึทืœืขื ืœืขื‘ ืื™ืš- ; 

ื—ืœื•ื, ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืจืึทืœืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ื•ืŸ... 

ืคืึทืจืงื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ื›ื•ืจื” ืžื™ืจ! 

ื•ื™ ื–ืึธืœ ืื™ืš ื–ื™ ื“ื™ืจ ืคืึทืจืงื•ื™ืคืŸ? 


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ื™ืขืงื‘ ืฉื˜ืขืœ ื“ืขื ื”ื™ืžืœ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืจื“ ืคืึทืจ ืขื“ื•ืช: 
ื™ืขืงื‘ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื‘ื›ื•ืจ! 


ืขืฉื‚ื• ืื™ืš ืฉื˜ืขืœ. 

ื™ืขืงื‘ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืฆื•! 

ืขืฉื‚ื• ืื™ืš ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ, 

ื™ืขืงื‘ ื“ื• ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืกื˜ -- ืื•ืŸ ื’ื™ืกื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ ื ื™ื˜... 
ื‘ืึทื“ืขื ืง ืฆื•ื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืš ื“ืขื ืฉืฐืขืจ! 

ืขืฉื‚ื• ืึธื˜ ืฐืขืœ ืื™ืš ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืึทื“ืขื ืงืขืŸ. 


ืื™ืš ื‘ืึทื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ ืึทื–ืฑ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ืคืจืขื’: 

ืฐืึธืก ื“ืึทืจืฃ ืื™ืš ื–ื™, ื“ื™ ื‘ื›ื•ืจื”? 

ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ืฐื™ ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜, ืึท ื—ืœื•ื! - 

ืึท ื—ืœื•ื ื ืึธืจ, 

ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืจืึทืœืŸ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ื•ืŸ -- 

ื“ืขืจื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืš... 

ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืžืžืฉื•ืช ื ื™ื˜, ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืฐื™ ื ื™ืฉื˜ืึธ... 

ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ื•ืฐืขืœืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœืข ืื™ื™ื‘ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ! 

ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš?... 

ื›'ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื–ื™ึทื™ืŸ ื“ืึธืš ื“ืึธ! 

ืžืฒึทืŸ ื’ื•ืจืœ ืึธื‘ืขืจ-- ื™ืึธ... 

ืื™ืš ื’ื™ื™ ื“ืึธืš ืฉื˜ืึทืจื‘ืŸ! 

ืฐืึธืก ื˜ื•ื’ ื“ื™ ื‘ื›ื•ืจื” ืžื™ืจ? 

ื›'ืคืึทืจืงืฑืฃ ื–ื™ ื“ื™ืจ! 

ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื–ื™ ื“ื™ืจ ืคืึทืจืงื•ื™ืคื˜! 

ืึทื”ืขืจ! ืึทื”ืขืจ ื“ืขื ื˜ืึธืคึผ, 

ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื ืคืึทืจืึทืŸ ืื™ื– (ื ืขืžื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ึฐืื™ื ื“ืขืืŸ ื˜ืึธืคึผ) 
ื™ืขืงื‘ ื ืขื ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืขื ืงืึธื›ืœืขืคืœ! 
ืขืฉื‚ื• ื“ืขื ืœืขืคืœ? ืฐืึธืก ื˜ื•ื™ื’ ื“ืขืจ ืœืขืคืœ ืžื™ืจ? 

ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจ ืื™ื ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื’ืขืงื•ื™ืคื˜ ืก'ื’ืขืงืขื›ื˜ืก! 

ืื•ืŸ ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ื–ื™ ืขืกื˜ ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืงื ืึทืคึผ - 

ื ืึธืจ ืขืคึผืขืก ืฐืึธืก ืงืœืขืคึผื˜ ืฆื• ืฆื•ื ืœืขืคืœ ื–ื™ืš... 

ืฐืึธืก ื˜ื•ื’ ื“ืขืจ ืœืขืคืœ ืžื™ืจ? 

ืฐืึธืก ื˜ื•ื™ื’ ืžื™ืจ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึทืจืžื™ื˜ืœืขืจ? 

ื“ืขืจ ืžืขืงืœืขืจ, ื“ืขืจ? 


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ื–ืึธืœ ื’ืึธืจื ื™ื˜, ื’ืึธืจื ื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ืฆืขื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื˜ืึธืคึผ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ! 
ืื•ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืœืขืคืœ! 
ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ืก'ื’ืขืงืขื›ื˜ืก! 
ืึทืœืฒืŸ ื ืึธืจ ืžื™ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืขืคึผืœืก ืžื•ื™ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื™ื ืขื! (ืงืขืจื˜ 
ื“ืึธืก ื˜ืขืคึผืœ ืฆื•ื ืžื•ื™ืœ, ืคืจืขืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืึธืคึผ, ื•ื•ืขื ื“ื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ืึท ืžืึธืžืขื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขืงื‘ืก ื–ืฒึทื˜ 
ื”ืึธื ื™ืง! ื”ืึธื ื™ืง ื–ื™ืก! 
ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืึทืจืฒึทื ื’ืขืœืฒื’ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืึธืคึผ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคืœื™ื™ืฉ 
ืื•ืŸ ืฐื™ ืขืก ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืคืœื™ื™ืฉ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื–ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš! 
ื ื™ื˜ืึธ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ ื“ืึธ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื™ ืขืก ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื“ืึธ ื–ืฒึทืŸ! 
ืฐืึธืก ืฉืฐื™ื™ื’ืกื˜ื•, ื™ืขืงื‘? 
ื™ืขืงื‘ ( ืคืึทืจื—ืœื•ืžื˜) 
ืื™ืš ืฉืฐืฒึทื’ ื ื™ื˜, ื‘ืจื•ื“ืขืจ, 
ืื™ืš ืื•ื™ืš, ืื™ืš ืื•ื™ืš -- 
ืื™ืš ื–ื™ืฅ ื‘ืฒึท ืึท ื’ืขื“ืขืงื˜ืŸ ื˜ื™ืฉ! 
ืขืฉื‚ื• ืืฒึท ื’ื•ื˜! ืืฒึท ื’ื•ื˜! 
ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืžื•ืจื ืึทืœืฅ ื’ืขื”ืึทื˜: 
ืึธื˜ ื”ืึธืกื˜ื• ื‘ืึทืœื“ ื—ืจื˜ื” ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ื‘ืฒึทื˜ ื“ืขื ื’ืึทื ืฆืŸ, 
ื ืขืžืกื˜ ืึธืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื“ืขื ื˜ืึธืคึผ -- (ืฉืจืฒึทื˜) 
ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื ื™ื™ืŸ! ืื™ืš ื’ื™ื‘ ื ื™ื˜ ืึธืคึผ ื“ื™ืจ! 
ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื•ืคึผ, ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืœืขืง ื ื™ื˜, ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืจืึธืคึผืŸ! 


ื™ืขืงื‘ ืฆื™ ื–ืขืกื˜ื• ืžื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืจื•ื“ืขืจ? 

ืฆื™ ื–ื™ืฅ ืื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจ ืึท ื’ืขื“ืขืงื˜ืŸ ื˜ื™ืฉ? 
ืขืฉื‚ื• ื•ื•ึผ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ืฒึทื ืข ืฉืคึผืฒึทื–ืŸ? 
ื™ืขืงื‘ ืื™ืš ืฉืœื™ื ื’ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ืŸ... 


ื–ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื˜ื™ืฃ, 
ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ืŸ ื ืฒึทืข, ืจืขื“ืขื•ื•ื“ื™ืงืข, ืคืจื™ืฉืข -- 
ืื™ืš ื–ืข ืึท ื—ืœื•ื ืื•ื™ืš, ืึท ื—ืœื•ื ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืฐืึธืจ, 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ื•ืŸ, ื“ื™ ื–ื•ืŸ - ื–ื™ ืฉื™ืงื˜ ืžื™ืจ 
ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜ืขืจ, ืฆืขืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืจืึทืœืŸ -- 
ื“ื™ ืžืื›ืœื™ื ืžืฒื™ื ืข! 
ืขืฉื‚ื• ืึท ื’ื•ื˜ืŸ ืึทืคึผืขื˜ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ืจ ื‘ืจื•ื“ืขืจืงืข ื“ื• ืžืฒึทืŸ! (ืขืกื˜) 


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ืื•-ืฐืึท! ืื•-ื•ื•ืึท! 
ืึท ื’ืขืงืขื›ื˜ืก ื”ืึธืกื˜ื• ื’ืขืงืึธื›ื˜, ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึธืœ! 
ืึท ื’ืขืงืขื›ื˜ืก ืึทืŸ ืืฑืกื ืึทืžื, ื“ื• ืžืขื’ืกื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื ื–ื™ืš ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ! 
ื™ืขืฆื˜ ื–ืึธื’ ืžื™ืจ: ื˜ืึธืžืขืจ ื˜ืจืขืคื˜ 
ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ ื”ื•ื ื’ืขืจื™ืง ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ-- 
ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืึทืฐืฒึทื–ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืฆืขืœื˜.- 
ืฐืึธืก ืคืึทืจืงื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ืš ื“ืึทืžืึธืœื˜{ื˜} ื“ื™ืจ? 
ื™ืขืงื‘ ื“ื• ืคืึทืจืงื•ื™ืคืกื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜. 
ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืึธืคึผ ืžื™ื˜ ืœื™ื ื“ื–ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ืจ 
ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืื•ืžื–ื™ืกื˜. 


ืขืฉื‚ื• ื•ื™ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜! 
ื™ืขืงื‘ | ื•ื™ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜? 
ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ื”ืึธืกื˜ื• ืžื™ืจ ืคืึทืจืงื•ื™ืคื˜ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ื›ื•ืจื” 
ืขืฉื‚ื• - = ืžืฒื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ื•ืจื”? ื™ืึธ... ืึท ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜!... 
ื™ืขืงื‘ ืึท ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜! ืึท ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜! 


ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ ืื™ื– ... ืื™ื™ื‘ื™ืง! ืืฒื‘ื™ืง! 
ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื’ื•ื˜ ื‘ืึทืฆืึธืœื˜ ืžื™ืจ... 
ืขืฉื‚ื• ื•ื•ื•ื™ืœ ื“ื™ืจ! (ืขืกื˜ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื˜ืึธืคึผ) 
ื ืึธืจ ื–ืึธื’ ืžื™ืจ, ื–ืึธื’: ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื’ืขืจื™ืง ืฐื™ื“ืขืจ -- 
ืฐืึธืก ืคืึทืจืงื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ, ื‘ืจื•ื“ืขืจ, ื“ื™ืจ? 
ื™ืขืงื‘ ื’ืึธืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜! 
ื–ืึธืœ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฐืขืจ ืขืก ื•ื•ื™ืœ 
ืื•ืŸ ื–ืึทื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืฒึท ืžื™ืจ, ืขืกืŸ! 
ืขืฉื‚ื• (ืœืึทื›ื˜) 
ืคืึทืจ ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฉืข ื”ืึธืกื˜ื• ื“ืฒึทื ืข ืฉืคึผืฒึทื–ืŸ 
ืื•ืžื–ื™ืกื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜? 
ืคึฟืึทืจ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธืกื˜ื• ื“ื™ ื‘ื›ื•ืจื” ืžืฒึทื ืข 
ืึธืคึผื’ืขืงื•ื™ืคื˜ ืคืึทืจ ื–ื™ืš? 
ื™ืขืงื‘ ืฐืฒึทืœ ื‘ืึทืœื“ ืื™ืŸ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ื‘ื›ื•ืจื” ื“ืฒึทื ืข 
ืึธื ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ืฆื• ืžื™ืจ: 
ืื‘ืจื”ื, ื™ืฆื—ืง, ื™ืขืงื‘ - 
ืื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืกื•ืง ื’ืึทื ืฅ! 
ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืึทื ืฆืงืฒื˜ - ื! 
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ืขืฉื‚ื• 


ื™ืขืงื‘ 


ืื‘ืจื”ื, ื™ืฆื—ืง, ื™ืขืงื‘ โ€ - ืื™ืš ื™ืขืงื‘, ืื™ืš!. 
(ื‘ืึทืœืขืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืคืึทืจืขื ื“ื™ืงื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืขืกืŸ) / 
ื–ื™ืก! ื–ื™ืกืขืจ ื ืึธืš ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื ื™ืง! 
ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืึทืจืฒึทื ื’ืขืœืฒื’ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืึธืคึผ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคืœื™ื™ืฉ - 
ืื•ืŸ ืฐื™ ืก'ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืคืœื™ื™ืฉ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜! 
ืึธ ื‘ืจื•ื“ืขืจ, ื™ืขืงื‘, 
ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื ืึธืจ ื“ืขื ืคืึธื˜ืขืจืก ื˜ืจืฒึทืขืจ ืชึผืœืžื™ื“, 
ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืจื‘ืงื”ืก ืึท ืชึผืœืžื™ื“ ืื•ื™ืš, 
ืงืขื ืกื˜ ืงืึธื›ืŸ ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ื•ื™ ื–ื™, 
ืงืขื ืกื˜ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทื˜ืขืžื˜ืกื˜ืข ืžืึทื›ืŸ ืžืื›ืœื™ื, 
ืึท ืกื•ื—ืจ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ื‘ื™ืกื˜ื• ื’ืึธืจ ืึท ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ืขืจ! 
ื’ื™ื‘ ืึท ืงื•ืง, 
ื–ืข, ื–ืข, ืื•ืŸ ื–ืึธื’ ืึทืœืฒืŸ: 
ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ืึทืฐืขืงื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืึท ืžืžืฉื•ืชื“ื™ืงืข ื–ืึทืš - 
ืึท ื˜ืึธืคึผ ืžื™ื˜ ืœื™ื ื“ื–ืŸ ืžื™ืจ 
ืื•ืŸ ืืฒึทื ื’ืขืงื•ื™ืคื˜ ืึท ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ (ืœืึทื›ื˜) 
ื›ืึธ-ื›ืึธ-ื›ืึธ! (ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืœืึทื›ื ื“ื™ืง ืึทืจืฑืก) 
(ื“ืึธืก ืคึผื ื™ื ื–ืฒึทื ืขืจ ืœืึทื›ื˜, ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธืคึผ ื”ื•ื™ืš, ืฆื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื˜ืจื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื ื“ื•ื ื’ ืฆื• ื“ืขื ืึทืจืฑืกื’ืขื’ืึทื ื’ืขื ืขื 
ืขืฉ'ื•, ืงืขืจื˜ ืื•ื ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื“ืจื•ืง ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื”ืขื›ืขืจืŸ ืขืงืกื˜ืึทื– ืืฑืคึฟืŸ ืคึผื ื™ื, ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขื“ืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ื“ืœืกื˜ืŸ 
ื’ืขืคื™ืœ, ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื’ืขื–ื™ื›ื˜ ืฆื•ื ืฆื•ืฉื•ื™ืขืจ) 
ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื“ืขืจื–ืขืŸ ืึท ืœื™ื›ื˜! 
ืžื™ืจ ืื™ื– ืึท ืœื™ื›ื˜ ื™ืขืฆื˜ ืื•ืžื’ืขืงืขืจื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ 
ืึท ืœื™ื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืœืึทื ื’ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ... 
ืึท ืœื™ื›ื˜ ืฐืึธืก ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขื”ืึทื˜ ืคืึทืจืฉืคึผืขื˜ื™ืงื˜ 
ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื“ืขืจื–ืขืŸ ื™ืขืฆื˜! 
ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ื›ื•ืจ, 
ืื™ืš, ื“ื™ ืึทืงืก, 
ืื•ื™ืฃ ืžื™ืจ! ืื•ื™ืฃ ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืึทืฐืขื’ืŸ ื–ืึธืœืกื˜ื• ื–ื™ืš 
ื’ืึธื˜ืก ื•ื•ืขืœื˜! 
ืคืึธืจื”ืึทื ื’ 


201 


ืึทืจื™ื™ื ืคื™ืจ 12 


ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืืฒื™ื ืึทืงื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื“ืึธ ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ืฆื•ื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ืœืฑื˜ืŸ ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“. ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึทื˜ืข, ื•ื•ืขืŸ 
ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื™ ืคืึธืจื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜, ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคืึทืจืึทืŸ. ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืขืžืข ื“ืึทืจืฃ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืข, ืคื•ืŸ 
ืคืึทืจืคึผืึทืกืŸ ืื•ืŸ/ืึธื“ืขืจ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ, ืืคืฉืจ ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ 1940, ืฆื™ ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ 1941. ื“ื™ ื”ืฉืขืจื” ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืคื•ืŸ 
ื›ืชื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื, ืชืฉื›"ื˜, ื–' 364, ืึทื– ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื™.ืง. ื“ื™ ื—ื ื•ื›ึผื”-ืคืึทื ื˜ืึทื–ื™ืข -- ื—ื ื•ื›ึผื” ืชึผืฉ"ื, ื›"ื” ื‘ื›ึผืกืœื• 
?2 ื“ืขืฆืขืžื‘ืขืจ 25 ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ 1940 +. ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืข ื“ืึทื˜ืข: ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ 1941 ืื™ื– ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืš ืžืขื’ืœืขืš, ืฐืฒึทืœ ื™-ืง'ืก 
ืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืขืึทื˜ืขืจ-ืคึผืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ื– ืคึผืึธืจื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ, ื•ื™ ืขืก ื–ืขื˜ ืื•ื™ืก, ืึทืคื™ืœื• 
ืื™ืŸ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ื™ืึธืจ 1942. ื“ื™ ืงืึธื ืงืจืขื˜ืข ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื ื•ื’ ื›ึผื“ื™ ืžื™ืจ ื–ืึธืœืŸ 
ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ื™ืžืขืŸ ื’ืขื ื•ื™ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ "ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืœื™ื›ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ" ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึธืจื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ. 
ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืึทื– ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืกื˜ื•ื“ื™ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื™.ืง. ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขื’ืจื™ื ื“ืขื˜ ืึท ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ื™ืฉืข ืกื˜ื•ื“ื™ืข (ื–ืข ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ 
ืึทืœื’ืขืžืฒื ืขื ืึทืจืฒึทื ืคื™ืจ) ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืึท ืกืš ื’ืขืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืจ ืึทืŸ ืื™ื ืกืฆืขื ื™ื–ืึทืฆื™ืข ืื•ื™ืฃ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ื™.ืœ. 
ืคึผืจืฆืขืก "ื“ืจืฒึท ืžืชึผื ื•ืช", ืึทืŸ ืขืจืš ื‘ื™ื– ืึทืคึผืจื™ืœ 1942 (ื–ืข: ืขืง (ืชึผืฉ"ืš), ื–ื™ 202; ืื•ืŸ ืœื•ื˜ ื ืชืŸ ืขืงืก ืึท ื‘ืจื™ื•ื• ืฆื• ืžื™ืจ 
ืคื•ืŸ 27ื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ื’ื•ืกื˜ 1978). ืขื ืœืขื›ืข ืงืœื™ื™ื ืข ืืฒื ืึทืงื˜ืขืจืก ืœื›ึผื‘ื•ื“ ื—ื ื•ื›ึผื”, ืฆื•ื’ืขืคึผืึทืกื˜ ืคืึทืจ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื™ื•ื’ื ื˜, ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื™ื™ืง. ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ืžืœื—ืžื” ืื•ื™ืš, ื–ืข ืœืžืฉืœ, "ื ืก ื—ื ื•ื›ึผื”", ืื™ืŸ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ึดืฉ -- ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืขื•ืœืžื™ (ื•ืจืฉื”), 
ืฉื ื” ื“', ื˜' ื›ืกืœื• ืชึผืจืฆ"ื˜, 8 (56), ื—' 114-- 120, 

ืœื•ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืจืขืงืึธืจื“ื™ืจื˜ืขืจ ืขื“ื•ืชืฉืึทืคื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื—ื•ื” (ืคืึธืœืžืึทืŸ) ืจืึทื‘ืึทืŸ, ืื™ื™ื ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื™-ืง'ืก ืชึผืœืžื™ื“ื•ืช, ืื™ื– ื“ื™ 
ื“ืจืึทืžืึทื˜ื™ืฉืข ืกื˜ื•ื“ื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ "ื“ืจื•ืจ" ืืฑืคื’ืขื˜ืจืึธื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืชึผื "ืš-ืึธืฐื ื˜ืŸ, ืกืฒึท ืžื™ื˜ ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจื™ืฉืข 
ื“ืขืงืœืึทืžืึทืฆื™ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ืชึผื "ืš-ืงืึทืคึผื™ื˜ืœืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืกืฒึท ืžื™ื˜ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืข ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืชึผื "ืš-ื˜ืขืžืขืก 
(ื–ืข ื“ืขื ืจืขืงืึธืจื“ื™ืจื˜ืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื• ืžื™ื˜ ื—ื•ื” (ืคืึธืœืžืึทืŸ) ืจืึทื‘ืึทืŸ, ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื•ืžืขืจ 1978; ื’ืขืคื™ื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืึทืจื›ื™ื•ื“ 
ืึธืคึผื˜ืฒืœ ืคึผืึทืจ ืžื™ื ื“ืœืขื›ืขืจ ื“ืึธืงื•ืžืขื ื˜ืึทืฆื™ืข, ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ืœื•ื—ืžื™ ื”ื’ื™ื˜ืื•ืช). ืขืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื‘ืึทืงืึทื ื˜ ืึท ืคึผืึธืจ ืฆืขื ื“ืœื™ืง . 
ืึทื–ืฑื ืข ืื•ื™ืคื˜ืจื™ื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืึทื“ื•ืจืš ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื“ืขืจืคืึธืœื’ (ื–ืข: ื ื™ื™ืฉื˜ื˜, ื–' 218, ื”ืขืจื” ื ื•ืž' 
7).. 

ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืชึผื "ืš-ืึธืฐื•ื ื˜ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ืึธืจ ื“ืขืงืœืึทืžื™ืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึธืจื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืข ืื•ืŸ ืชึผื "ืš- 
ื˜ืขืžืขืก. ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ืึทืจืฒึทื ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขื ื˜ืจืขืคืŸ, ืฉื™ืจื”-ื‘ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืขื ืฅ, ืื•ืŸ 
ื‘ืึทืงืึทื ื˜ืข ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืขืœ ืื™ื ืกืฆืขื ื™ื–ื™ืจื˜ ืคืึทืจ ืึทื–ืขืœื›ืข ืึธืฐื ื˜ืŸ, ื•ื™ ืœืžืฉืœ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ื‘ืึทืงืึทื ื˜ ืœื™ื“ "ื™ืคื™ื ื”ืœื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ื›ื ืขืŸ" (ืชืจืก"ื•) ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืึทื ืฆืœื™ื“ "ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืจื•ืงื“ื™ื" (ืชืจืค"ื“) ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ 
ืžืœื—ืžื” ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฆืŸ ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅื™ื”ื›ืฉืจื” ืขืœ ืฉื ื‘ืึธืจืึธื›ืึธื•ื• ืื™ืŸ ืœืึธื“ื–ืฉ (ื–ืข: ืชื‘ืข"ืค - ืคื•ืœืžืŸ, ื–ื™ 
6. ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืข ืœื™ื“ ืึธื ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ: "ืฉื™ืจื• ืื—ื™ื", ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืึท ื˜ืขื•ืช -- ืคืึทืจื’ืœืฒึทืš: ื™ืฆื—ืง 
ืงืฆื ืœืกื•ืŸ, ืฉื™ืจื™ื, ืชืฉืœ"ื”, ื–' 222). 

ื“ืขืจ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ: ืชึผื "ืš-ืึธืฐื•ื ื˜ ืื™ื– ืคึฟืึทืจื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขื ืฉื˜ืขืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทื ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืŸ- 
ืžื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ. ืขืก ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจืคึฟืึทืจ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืึทื– ื“ื™ ื—ื ื•ื›ึผื”-ืคืึทื ื˜ืึทื–ื™ืข "ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืœื™ื›ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ" ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš 
ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทื. 

ื“ืขืจ ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“ ื’ืขืคื™ื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื™.ืง.-ืึทืจื›ื™ื•ื• ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ืœื•ื—ืžื™ ื”ื’ื™ื˜ืื•ืช, ืจืขื’ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ืจื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื ื•ืž' 8:11/1005. ื“ืขืจ 
ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืžื™ืจ ื“ืจื•ืงืŸ ื“ืึธ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืฉื™ืคืจื™ืจื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืœื•ื™ื˜ืŸ ืฆืขืฉืขื“ื™ืงื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืึทืจืžืขืงื˜ืŸ ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ 
ื”ื™ืœืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœื˜ืข ืคึฟืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืคึผื™ืขืก ื–ืฒึทื ืข, ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืก'ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคืึทืจื”ื™ื˜ ื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืŸ ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ 
ืคึผืึทืจืžืขืงื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ืึธืจืŸ. 


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ื•ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸืŸ ืœื™ื›ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ 
(ืึทืŸ ื—ื ื•ื›ึผื”-ืคืึทื ื˜ืึทื–ื™ืข ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืึทืงื˜ 


(ืึธื ื˜ืฒืœื ืขืžืขืจ: 

ืึท ืœื™ื›ื˜ 

ืึท ื—ื ื•ื›ึผื”-ืœื™ื›ื˜ 

ื“ึธื ึตื™ 

ืืจื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื‘ืจื™ื“ืขืจ, ื™ื™ึดื ื’ืœืขืš. 

ื“ื ื™ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ืจื™ ื–ื™ืฆืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื‘ื•ื™ื’ื ืก ืคึผืึทืคึผื™ืจ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืŸ 
ื•ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ} ืคืึทืจืŸ ืฉืจืฒื™ื‘ืŸ. ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืึท ืœื™ื›ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ 
|{ 1 ืึทืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขืฆื•ื ื“ืขื ืข. 

(ื“ื ื™| (ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืžื’ืขื“ื•ืœื“ื™ืง ืื•ื™ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ืœ, ื’ื™ื˜ ืึท ืฐืึธืจืฃ 


(ื“ื™ ื‘ืœืฒึทื™} ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื‘ื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืคึผืึทืคึผื™ืจ) 


{ืคึผืขืš? 
(ืื•ืจื™ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืคึผืขืš? 
(ื“ื ื™ืŸ ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ืึท ืคึผืขืš! 
ืื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืื™ื– ืžืฒึทืŸ) ืคืึทืจื“ืจืึธืก... 
(ืื•ืจื™ืŸ ื–ืึธื’ ืฐืึธืก? ื–ืึธื’ ืฐืึธืก? 
ื“ื  ื’ืฒื™, ืคืจืขื’ ืžืฒึทื™ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ืŸ! 


ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ 

ื’ืขื”ื™ื™ืกืŸ ืึธื ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ ืึท ืœื™ื“ ืžื™ืจ 

ื•ื“ืขื ื™ื•ื-ื˜ื•ื‘ ื—ื ื•ื›ึผื” ื’ืขืฐื™ื“ืžืขื–ื˜! 

1 
ืก'ืžืขื’ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืึท ื’ืจืขืกืขืจืก, 

ืก'ืžืขื’ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืึท ืงืœื™ื™ื ื™ื ืงืขืก, 

ืก'ืžืขื’ ืขืจื’ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ, ืขืก ืžืขื’ ื–ืฒึทืŸ {ื‘ืขืกืขืจืŸ 
ืึท ืœื™ื“! 

ื›'ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขืจืขื’ื˜, ื›'ื‘ื™ืŸ (ืึทื–ืฉ 

ืึท ืœื™ื“! ืฐื™ ืงื•ื ืื™ืš ืฆื• ืึท {ืœื™ื“?ืŸ 


ืื•ืจื™ ื ืึธืจ ื“ื• ืึทืœืฒืŸ 
ื”ืึธืกื˜ ืขืก ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ? 
ื“ื ึธื™ ื ื™ื™ืš, ื ื™ื™ืŸ, 


ื“ื™ ื’ืึทื ืฆืข ืงืœืึทืก... 
203 


ืื•ืจื™ 
ื“ื ื™ 


ืื•ืจื™ 


ืžื™ืจ ืึทืœืข, ืึทืœืข 

ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ - 
ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขื ื“ื™ืง ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืžืข 

ืื™ื– ืื•ื ื“ื– ืึท ืฉืจืขืง ื‘ืึทืคืึทืœืŸ, 
ืึท ื˜ืจืขืžืข, 

ืึท ืคึผืึทื ื™ืงืข - 

ืึท ืœื™ื“! ืžื™ืจ, ืžื™ืจ! 
ืึท ืœื™ื“ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื—ื ื•ื›ึผื”, 

ืึท ืฉื™ืจ! 

ืคึผืจื•ื‘ื™ืจ! 

ืคึผืจื•ื‘ื™ืจ -- 

ืก'ืื™ื– ืœืฒึทื›ื˜ ืฆื• ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ื•ืžื™ืจ!! 

ืฆื™ ืœืึทื›ืกื˜ื• ื’ืึธืจ, ืจืŸืขื–ื“ืกื•ื˜} ื’ืึทืœื™ืง, ื’ืึทืœืฑื™ืงืŸ... 
ืฐืึธืก ืžื™ื™ื ืกื˜ื• ืฐืึธืก? ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ื™ืึทืœื™ืง! 

ืึท ืœื™ื“ ืื™ื– ื‘ื™ื™ื’ืขื•ื•ืŸื“ื™ืง) ืฐื•ื™ืึท ืฉืœืึทื ื’, 

ืฐืึธืก ื˜ืจื™ืคื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื”ืึธื ื™ืง ืึทื ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ {ืกืืŸ 

ืึท ืœื™ื“ ื”ืึธื˜ (ื“ืึธืš} ืึทืŸ ืื™ื™ื“ืขืœืŸ {ื’ืขื“ืึทื ืง,} 

ืึท ืงืœื™ื ื’ืขื ื“ืŸื™ืงืŸ) ื’ืจืึทื, 

ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืกื˜ (ื“ื• ื ื™ื˜ืŸ? 
ืึท 


ืึท ื’ืจืึทื ืื•ืŸ ืึท ื’ืขื“ืึทื ืง - 

ืก'ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื–ื™ื™, 

ื•ื™ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืคืจืฒึทื™ ืื•ืŸ ืคืจืึทื ืง, 

ื•ื™ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ 

ื•ึทืื–ึดื™ืŸ ืžืึทืžืขืก ืฉื•ื™ืก... 

ืื™ืš ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ืจื•ื™, ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื ื™ื˜ 

ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืš ืฉืจืฒึทื™ื‘ ืึท ืœื™ื“, 

ื˜ืึธืžืขืจ ื›ืึทืคึผ ืื™ืš ื“ืขื ื’ืขื“ืึทื ืง ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ 

ื’ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจืึทื ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืึท ื“ืจื™ื™ ื–ื™ืš ืฉื˜ื™ืœ ืึทืจืฑืก! 
ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ืจืึทื... ื–ืข! ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื“ืึทื ืง ืึทื ื˜ืœืฑืคื˜! 
ื•ื™ ืก'ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืื™ื ืขืจ ืึทืฐืขืงื’ืขื‘ืœืึธื–ืŸ... 

ืžื™ื™ื ืกื˜, ืžื™ืจ ืื™ื– ื‘ืขืกืขืจ? 

ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืžืขืก ืฆืจื” ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืจืขืกืขืจ? 


204 


ื“ื ื™ 
ืื•ืจื™ 


ื“ื• ืึท ืœื™ื“ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ื“ืึทืจืฃ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื–ืข... 
ื“ืขืจ ื ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื—ื ื•ื›ึผื” ื‘ืึทืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื˜ืขื 
ืึทืคื™ืœื• ืึธืŸ ืึท ื’ืจืึทื - 

ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืจื™ื ื’ืข ื–ืึทื›ืŸ... 

ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก ื ื™ื˜ ืฐื™ ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ ืขืก ืžืึทื›ืŸ! 

ืฐืึธืก ื–ืึธืœ ืื™ืš ื˜ืึธืŸ? 

ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืš ื‘ืึทืฉืจืฒึทื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ืึธืŸ 

ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ืจื™ื›ืŸ - 
ื•ื•ืขืœ ืื™ืš ืฐืฒึทื˜, ืฆื• ืฐืฒึทื˜ ืคืึทืจืงืจื™ื›ืŸ, 

ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœ'ืก ื ื™ื˜ ืขื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืžืขืช-ืœืขืช! 

ืื™ืš ืจืขื›ืŸ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืก, 

ืื™ืš ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœ 

ื“ืขื ื ืก ืคื•ืŸ ืงืจื™ื’ืขืœืข ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืงืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื™ืœ, 
ืื™ื™ืŸ ืงืจื™ื’ืขืœืข, ืื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ, 

ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ {ืจื–ื™ื™ืŸ 

ืคื•ืŸ ืงืจื™ื’ืขืœืขืš ืึท ืกืš ืฐืึธืก ื“ืขืจ ืฉื‚ื•ื ื ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืึทืจืฉื•ื•ืขื›ื˜, 
ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขืฉืฒื™ื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช-ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก, 
ื’ืขืœื•ื™ื›ื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึธื˜ืก ื”ื•ื™ื– 

ืึทื›ื˜ ื’ืึทื ืฆืข ื ืขื›ื˜! 

ืฉืจืฒึทื‘! ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘! 

ืก'ืื™ื– ืœืฒึทื›ื˜ ืฆื• ื–ืึธื’ืŸ: ืฉืจืฒื™ื‘! 

ืฆื• ืื™ื™ื ืขื ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ืงืึธืŸ... 

ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก ื ื™ื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ... 

ื”ืขืจ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืš ื–ืึธื’: 

ืึท ื ืก ืžื™ื˜ ืœื™ื›ื˜ ื˜ืจืขืคื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’, 

ื“ื• ืžืขื’ืกื˜ ืขืก ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ... 

ื›'ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก ื ืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืจืฒึท ืึทื–ืขืœื›ืข ื ืกื™ื; 

ื’ืึธื˜ืก ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ "ื™ึฐื”ึดื™ ืื•ึนืจ!" ืื•ื™ืฃ ื’ืึธืจ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜! 
ื’ืึธื˜ืก ืจื•ืฃ -- ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื”ืขืœ! 

ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ: ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธืคึผื ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ 
ื“ื™ ื–ื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืข ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื”ื™ืžืœืก ืฉื•ื•ืขืœ... 

ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืึทืคืฑืœืŸ: ืฉึถืžึถืฉื ื‘ึฐื ึดื‘ึฐืขื•ึนืŸ ื“ื! 

ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ื”ืขื ื’ืขืŸ 


205 


ื“ื ื™ 


ืื•ืจื™ 


ื“ื ื™ 


ืื•ืจื™ 


ื“ื ื™ 


ืื•ืจื™ 
ื“ื ื™ 
ืื•ืจื™ 
ื“ื ื™ 


ืื™ื ืขื ื”ื™ืžืœืก ืจื•ื™ื. 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื ืก, ื“ืขืจ ื“ืจึดื™ื˜ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ {ืงืจื™ื’ืœืŸ 


ืื•ื™ืฃ ืฆื™ื•ื ืก ื”ื™ื’ืœ... 


ืื™ื™ืŸ ืงืจื™ื’ืœ ื‘ื•ื™ืžืœ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจืฉืฐืขื›ื˜! 

ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื™ื’ื ื˜ืœืขืš ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื‘ื•ื™ืžืœ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจืฉื•ื•ืขื›ื˜? 

ืึทืœืข ื‘ื•ื™ืžืœืขืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืœืฒึทืš, 

ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ื‘ื•ื™ืžืื™ื™ืœ -- 

ืฆื™ ืคืึทืจืฉื•ื•ืขื›ื˜ 

ืฆื™ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจืฉื•ื•ืขื›ื˜-- 

ืขืจ ืœืฒึทื›ื˜! 

ื™ืึธื• ื™ืึธ! 

ืก'ืื™ื– ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ืึธ 

ืึท ืœื™ื›ื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืขื›ื˜ ืื™ื– ืื•ืŸ ืึท ืœื™ื›ื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืขื›ื˜!... 
ืื•ื™ืฃ ื ื™ื˜ ืขื›ื˜ืข ืœื™ื›ื˜ืขืจ ื˜ืึธืจ ืžืขืŸ ื“ืึธืš ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ, 
ื ื™ื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืœื™ื›ื˜! ื ื™ื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืคืฒึทื™ืขืจ! 

ื‘ื•ื™ืžืœืขืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืฐื™ ื“ื™ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ - 

ืก'ืื™ื– ื“ืึธ ืึท ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืึท ืคืจืฒึทืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืึท ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืึท ืงื ืขื›ื˜! 
ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœืกื˜ ื“ืึธืš ืึทื–ืฑ ืฉื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคืฒึทืŸ 

ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื›ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฉืฒึทืŸ - 


ื ืขื ืฉืจืฒึทื™ื‘ ืขืก ืื•ื™ืฃ {ืฐืึธืก ื˜} 
ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึทื–ืฑ ืคื™ืœ ื“ืจื™ื™ืกื˜-- 
ืขืก ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜, 


ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึทื–ืฑ {ืคื™ืœ ื”ื–ืขื–ื”.. 

ืคืึทืจ ืžื™ืจ ืื™ื– ืคึผืจืึธื–ืข 

ื•ื™ ืคืึทืจ ื“ื™ืจ ืึท ืœื™ื“... 

ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื“ 

ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืœืขืจืŸ 

ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘'ืก ื’ืขื ื•ื’! 

ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึทืœืฒืŸ {ื•ื•ืขื˜} ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืœื™ื“ {ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ}... 

ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’! 

ืื™ื– ืžื™ืœื! 

ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ ื“ื™ืจ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืึธืคืŸ: 

ื›'ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึท ืฉืคึผื™ืœ ื˜ืึธืŸ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืฉืœืึธืคึฟืŸ... (ื ืขืžื˜ ืึทืจืฑืก ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื˜ืึทืฉ ืึท ืคึฟืึทืจืžืึทื›ื˜ืข ื”ืึทื ื˜) 
206 


ืื•ืจื™ 
ื“ื ื™ 


ืื•ืจื™ 


ื“ื ื™ 
ืื•ืจื™ 


ื“ื  
ืื•ืจื™ 


ื ื“ื ื™ืŸ 


ืื•ืจื™ 
ื“ื ื™ 


ื•ืงื•ืง) ืื•ื™ืฃ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื”ืึทื ื˜, ืงื•ืง, ืงื•ืง! 

ื•ึธืื•ืŸ} ื˜ืจืขืฃ ืื•ื‘ ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืงืœื•ื’ - : 
ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื“ืึธ? 

ืื™ืš ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ื ื™ื˜ ืึธืŸ ืฆื• ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ... 

ื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ ืึท ื‘ื™ืกืœ! 

ื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜! 

ื›'ืงืขืŸ ืึธืคึผื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืŸ ืึท ืฉืขื”, 

ืึท ื’ืึทื ืฆืŸ ื˜ืึธื’, ืึท ื ืึทื›ื˜, 

ื™ืึธ, ืึท ืžืขืช-ืœืขืช - 

ืื•ืŸ ืฐืขืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื˜ืจืขืคืŸ... 

ืื™ืš ืขืคืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื”ืึทื ื˜! 

ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ ืขืคืŸ, 

ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึท ืฉืึทื ื“ 

ื ื™ื˜ ื˜ืจืขืคืŸ... (ื”ืึทืœื˜ ืื™ื ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื”ืึทื ื˜) 
{ืœืึธื–ืŸ... ืœืึธื–... 

(ื–ืึธื’} ื“ืขื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืื•ืช! 

ืึท ื˜ื™ืชืŸ,| 

({ื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜}) 

ืึท |ื˜ื™ืช}... ืึท ื˜ื™ืช... 

(ืื™ืš} ื–ืข'ืก: 

(ืึทืŸ ื˜ื™ืช - ืึท ื˜ืฒึทืฐื•ืœ! 

ื•ึทื“ื•} ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธืคืŸ - 

(ื•ื•ื™ ืขืกืŸ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื“ื™ ื”ืึทื ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื–ืŸ ื‘ืฒึท ืžื™ืจ ืึธืคืŸ - 
ื•ืึทืŸ ื˜ื™ื•ืœ ื˜ืึทืงืข... ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ (ืึธื‘ืขืจืŸ ื ืึธืš ืฐืึธืก ื“ืึธ, 
{ืขืคึผืขืก} ืฉืขื ืขืจืก, 

ืงืœืขื ืขืจืก 

ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ืฒึทื•ืœ ื‘ืขืกืขืจ -- 
ืก'ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื˜ื™ืช ืึธืŸ!.. 

ืึท ื˜ื™ืช... ืึท ื˜ื™ืช... ืึท ื˜ืฒึทื‘ืœ! 

ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธืคืŸ - 

ื•ื™ ืขืก ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื“ื™ ื”ืึทื ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื–ืŸ (ื‘ืฒึท ืžื™ืจ ืึธืคื• 
ืึท ื˜ืฒึทืฐืœ ืื•ืŸ ืึท ื˜ืฒึทื‘ืœ! 

ื–ืข ื ืึธืจ! (ืžืึทื›ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื”ืึทื ื˜) 


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ืื•ืจื™ 
ื“ื ื™ 


ืึท ื˜ืจืขื ื“ืขืจืœ, ืึท ื˜ืจืขื ื“ืขืจ! 
ืขืจ ืคืœื™ื˜ ื•ื™ ืึท ื˜ืฒื™ื•ื•ืœ ืฉื ืขืœ, 
ืื•ืŸ ื•ื™ ืึท ื˜ืฒึทึทื™ื‘ืขืœืข ื”ืขืœ-ื”ืขืœ! (ื•ืœืึธื–ื˜ ื“ืขื ื˜ืจืขื ื“ืขืจ ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืŸ ื˜ื™ืฉืœ) 


ื“ืจื™ื™ ื–ื™ืš, ื“ืจื™ื™ื“ืœ, 
ื“ืจื™ื™ ื–ื™ืš, ื˜ืจืขื ื“ืขืจ, 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืขื˜ ืื•ืŸ 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืœืขื ื“ืขืจ! 


ื“ืจื™ื™ ื–ื™ืš, ื“ืจื™ื™ ื–ื™ืš, 
ื’ื™ื›ืขืจ, ื’ื™ื›ืขืจ, 

ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืฐื•ื™ื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ 
ื•ื• ืึท ื•ื•ื™ื›ืขืจ... 


ื“ืจื™ื™ ื–ื™ืš, ื“ืจื™ื™ ื–ื™ืšืŸ,} 
ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืคื™ืกืœ, 
ื“ืจื™ื™ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืœืฒึทื™ืš 

ืื•ืŸ ืงืจื•ื ืึท ื‘ื™ืกืœ.., 


ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื‘ืขืจื’ืœืขืš, 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื’ืจื™ื‘ืขืจ - 
ื–ืขืกื˜ ืึท {ื˜ืฒึทื›ืŸืœ - 
ืฉืคึผืจื™ื ื’ ืึทืจื™ื‘ืŸืขื–ืจ! 


ื˜ืจืขืคืกื˜ ืึท (ืฆื•ื™ื - ื‘ืจืขืšืŸ 
ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืฒึทืŸ (ื‘ืœืฒึท} - ืื™ื... 
ื–ืขืกื˜ ืึท ื’ื–ืœืŸ 

ืคืœื™ ืคืึทืจื‘ืฒึท ืื™ื... 


ืจ'ื–ืขื˜ ืึท ื™ื™ึธื“ ืื™ืŸ 
ื™ืขื“ืŸ ื“ืจื™ื™ื“ืœ -- 
ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ืฆื™ื˜ ื“ื™ 
ืฉืฐื•ืขืจื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื™ื™ื“ืœ... 
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(ืื•ืจื™ืŸ 


ื“ื™ ืœื™ื›ื˜ 


ืงื•ืžืกื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ - 
ืคืึทืœ ืึทื ื™ื“ืขืจ, 
ื‘ืœืฒึทื™ื‘ ืื™ืŸ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ, 
ืงื•ื ื ื™ื˜ ืฐื™ื“ืขืจ! 


ื•ื™ ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืคืœื™ื’ืœ 

ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืื™ืš ืคืœื™ืขืŸ 
ื’ืœืฒึทืš ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ืจ ืึท- 
ื”ื™ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ... 


ื•ื•ื•ื™ื ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ 

ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืžืœ - 
ื•ืคืึทืœืกื˜ ื’ืึธืจ, ืœื™ื’ืกื˜ ื’ืึธืจ, 
ื•ื›ื–ืึทื ืคึผืกื˜) ืึท ื“ืจื™ืžืœ? 


ื•ืื™ืšึฐ} ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ืึธืš ื•ื™ 

ื•ึถืขืจ ื’ืขืœืึธืคืŸ - } 

ื•ืžืขื’ ืื™ืš ืื•ื™ืš ื–ื™ืš} 

ื•ืœื–ื™ื™ื’ืŸ ื•ืฉ|ืœืึธืŸืคื–ืŸ... 

(ืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ื“ืขื ืงืึธืคึผ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื‘ืจืขื’ ื˜ื™{ืฉ} ืื•ืŸ {ืฉืœื–ืึธืคื˜ ืืฒึทืŸ) 
ืืฒึทื ื’ืŸืขืฉ|ืœืึธืคืŸ 

ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข, ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข -- 

ืื™ ืžืฒึทื™ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจ, 

ืื™ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื“ืจื™ื™ื“ืœ... 


(ื•ื•ืขืœ ืื™ืš} ืื•ื™ืš (ื“ืึธื– 

ืŸ } ื ื™ื˜ {(ืฐืึทื›ืŸ) 

ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ืฐืฒึทืœ ืึทืŸ | 

ืื•ื™ื’ ืคืึทืจืžืึทื›ืŸ... (ืขืจ ืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ืึทืฐืขืง ื“ืขื ืงืึธืคึผ ืื•ื™ืคืŸืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื‘ืจืขื’ ื˜ื™ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ื•ืฉืœืึธืคึผื˜ ืืฒื™ืŸ 
(ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื ืงืœ ืจืขื›ื˜ืก, ืงื•ืžื˜ ืขื˜ืœ{ืขื›ื–ืข ื˜ืจื™ื˜ ื•ืฆื•ืŸ 

ื“ืขืจ ืึทืฐืึทื ืกืฆืขื ืข) 

ื•ื•ื™ื™, ื•ื•ื™ื™... ืฐืึธืก ื•ื•ืขืœ ืื™ืš ื˜ืึธืŸ ืึทืŸืฆื™ื ื“ืขืจ} 

ืืฒึทื ื’ืขืฉืœืึธืคืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื“ื™ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ, 


209 


ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืึธืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืคืึทืจื’ืขืกืŸ 

ื•ื™ ื›'ืฐื•ืึธืœื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืึธ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื–ืŸ... 

ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืืฑืกื’ืขืœืึธืฉืŸ! 

ืื™ืš ืงืึธืกื˜ ืึทืคื™ืœื• ื ืึธืจ ืึท ื’ืจืึธืฉืŸ, 

ืึท ื’ืจืึธืฉืŸ ื ืึธืจ ืื™ื– ื˜ืึทืงืข ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืกืš, 

ืขืก ืคืึทืœื˜ ืึท ื’ืจืึธืฉืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืกืชื ืึทืจืึธืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึทืšื– 

ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืึทืฉืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืคึผื•ืกื˜-ืื•ืŸ-ืคึผืึทืก - 

ืขืก ืฐืึทืœื’ืขืจืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืจืึธืฉื ืก ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ {ื’ืึทืกืŸ 

ืึทื“ื™ ืึทืšื™ 

ื•ื™ ื’ื•ื˜ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืขืก ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ, ืฐื•ื™ ืฐืฑืœ, 

ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืก ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืึท ืœื™ื›ื˜ ื’ืขื”ืึทื˜ ืึท ืžืฑื™ืœ! 

ืึทืš! ืึทืš! 

ื•ื™ ื’ื•ื˜ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืขืก ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื™ื™ืŸ 

ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืš ืงืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืœืขืฉ {ืžื™ืš| ืื•ื™ืก (ืึทืœืฒืŸืŸ 

ื ืึธืš ื“ืขื ื•ื™ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ |ืฉืœืึธืคืŸ ืืฒึทืŸ... 

ื•ื™ ื’ื•ื˜ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืขืก ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคืฒื™ืŸ 

ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื›'ืฆื™ื ื“ ืึทืœืฒืŸ (ื–ื™ืš) ืึธืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืงื•ืขื–ืŸ {ืคื–ืึทืจืœืขืฉืŸ (ื–ื™ื–ืš... 

ืก'ืื™ื– {ืžื™ืจ} ืึท {ืฉืึธื“ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฉืฒึทืŸ)... 

ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืœื™ื‘ ืคืึทืจืŸืฉื–ืคึผืจืฒื˜ืŸ {ืœื™ื›ื˜ืŸ 

ื ืึธืจ ืžื™ืจ ืคืึท(ืจื“}ืจื™ืกื˜ 

ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืš ืœืฒึทื›ื˜ ืื•ืžื–ื™ืกื˜ 

ืคืึทืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื‘ืขืช ื–ื™ ืฉืœืึธืคืŸ... 

ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืœื™ื‘ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืึธืคืŸ! 

ื•ื•ื•ืขื–ืŸ ื ืื™ื–ืš ืคืึทืจืœืฒึทื›ื˜ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ 

ื•ึทืึทืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืœืขื›ืŸ ื’ืขื–ื™ื›ื˜ - 

ื ื‘ื™ื–ืŸ ืื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืœื™ื›ื˜! 

ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืึท ื–ื•ืŸ! 

ืึท ื–ื•ืฃ ืึท ื–ื•ืŸ! 

ืื™ืจ ืœืึทื›ื˜ ื ืึธืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจืคื•ืŸ! 

ื ื™ื˜ ืงื•ืงื˜ ืžื™ืš ืึธืŸ ืึทื–ืฑ ... ื›'ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ืฐื•'ืึท ื˜ืจืขืจ, 

ื›'ื‘ื™ืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืžืขืจ, 

ื™ืึธ, ืžืขืจืขืจ ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ื–ื•ืŸ! 

ืœืฒึทื›ื˜ืŸ - ืœืฒึทื›ื˜ ื–ื™ - ืึทื–ืึท ื™ืึธืจ ืืฑืฃ ืžื™ืจ! 
20 


ื–ื™ ืœืฒึทื›ื˜ ื ื™ืฉืงืฉื”... 
ื›'ื‘ื™ืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื˜ืฒึทืขืจืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ.., 
ื–ื™ ืœืฒึทื›ื˜ ืื•ืžื–ื™ืกื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš -- ืื™ืš ืงืึธืกื˜ ืึท ื’ืจืึธืฉืŸ! 


ืึท ืงื•ืœ (ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ, ืœื™ื ืงืก) 

ืขืคืŸ! ืื™ืš ืงื•ื ืึท ื’ืึทืกื˜ ืึทื”ืขืจ! 
ื“ื™ ืœื™ื›ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืจื˜, ืฐืขืจ! 
ื“ืึธืก ืงื•ืœ (ืขืคืŸ) ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื˜ื™ืจ 


{ืื•ืŸ ื’ื™ื‘ืŸ ืึท ืงื•ืง ืื•ื™ืฃ ืžื™ืจ, 
(ืงื•ืง! ืึธืŸ ื•ืžื™ื–ืš 
(ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืงืึธืŸ) ืžื™ืš! 
ื•ื“ื™ ืœื™ื›ื˜) (ืงื•ืืŸ ืึทืจืฒื™ืŸ! (ื“ืขืจืงืขื ื˜ ื ืึธืš ืึท ืœื™ื›ื˜, ื˜ืจืขื˜ ืึท ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง) 
(ืึทืŸ ืฉืฒึทืŸ! 
ื•ื•ื•ืขืจ ื‘ื™ืกื˜ื•ืŸ? 
ื—ื ื•ืŸื›ึผื”-ืœื™ื›ืŸื˜ ({ืงื•ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึทืจื•ืืŸ) 


| } ืื™ืš - 
1 ื• 

ื•ื“ื™ ืœื™ื›ื˜ืŸ ืึท {ึทืฉืฒึทืŸ) ืึทืŸ ืื™ื™ื“ืขืœืข, ืึท ื–ื™ืกืข - 
ื•ื•ื•ืขืจ ื‘ื™ืกื˜ื•ืŸ? { | 


ื—ื ื•ื›ึผื”-ืœื™ื›ื˜ โ€ ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ... ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ... ืื™ืŸืš ื‘ื–ื™ืŸ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื–ืขืœื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืŸ 
ืฐืึธืก ื“ื•! 
ื ื™ื˜ ืฐืฒึทืš... 
ืื™ืš ื˜ื• 
ืฐืึธืก ื“ื• - 
ืื™ืš ืœืฒึทื›ื˜! 
ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืึท ื—ื ื•ื›ึผื”-ืœื™ื›ื˜. 

ื“ื™ ืœื™ื›ื˜ ืึท ื—ื ื•ื›ึผื”-ืœื™ื›ื˜? 
ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜, ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ 
ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ื“ืึธ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืจ'ืขืจื“ - 
ื›'ื”ืึธื‘, ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ื ืึธืš ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืŸืขื–ื™ื›ื˜,ืŸ 
ื–ืฒึท ื’ืขื’ืจื™ืกื˜! 

ื—ื ื•ื›ึผื”-ืœื™ื›ื˜ ืื• ื“ื•? 
ื“ื•, ื“ื• -- ืฐืขืจ ื‘ื™ืกื˜? 


211 


ื“ื™ ืœื™ื›ื˜ ืื™ืš? 
ืึทืš ืœืึธื– ืฆื• ืจื•... 
ื ื™ื˜ ืคืจืขื’ ื–ื™ืš ื ืึธืš ืื•ื™ืฃ ืงืœื™ื™ื ืœืขื›ืข 


ื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ืœืขื›ืข... 
ื—ื ื•ื›ึผื”-ืœื™ื›ื˜ ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืึทื–ืฑ ืฆืขื‘ืจืึธื›ืŸ {- } 
ื“ื™ ืœื™ื›ื˜ ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืึท ืœื™ื›ื˜ ืึท ืคึผ|ืฉื–ื•ื˜ืข, ืึท ืœืฑื™ื›ื–ื˜ { } ืื•ืŸ 


ืึท ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืœืขื›ืข... 

ื—ื ื•ื›ึผื”-ืœื™ื›ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืœ ื‘ืฒึท ื–ื™ืš (ืึทืจืึธืคึผืŸ 
ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืฐื™ ืื™ืš {ื“ืขื ืงืึธืคึผืŸ 
ื•ื™ ืื™ืš ื–ืฒึท ื”ืฒึทื˜ืขืจ... 


ื“ื™ ืœื™ื›ื˜ ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืกื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ืงืึธืคึผ { 1 
ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืฉื™ื™ืŸ, ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ { ื• 

ื—ื ื•ื›ึผื”-ืœื™ื›ื˜ ื•ื™ ืื™ืš ืึทื ึทื–ื–ื•ื™ ืื•ื™ืš ื•ึธื“ื• - ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ 1 
ืœื™ื›ื˜ - { ืŸ 
ืึทืœืข ืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ { 1: 

ื“ื™ ืœื™ื›ื˜ ื“ื• { | 

ื—ื ื•ื›ึผื”-ืœื™ื›ื˜ { | 

ื“ื™ ืœื™ื›ื˜ 1 ืŸ 
| | 

ื—ื ื•ื›ึผื”-ืœื™ื›ื˜ ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขืœืฑื™ื›ื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ื‘ืึทืจื’... 

ื“ื™ ืœื™ื›ื˜ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืคืœืึทื ืื™ื– ืงืœืึธืจ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึทืจืง, 


ื–ื™ ืœืฒึทื›ื˜ ืื•ืžืขื˜ื•ื! 
ื—ื ื•ื›ึผื”-ืœื™ื›ื˜ ื›ื‘ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงืœืึธืจ - ืžื™ืš ื”ืึธื˜ ืึท ื›ึนึผื”ืŸ ืคืจื•ื 
ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช-ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ืึธื ื’ืขืฆื•ื ื“ืŸ. 
ื“ื™ ืœื™ื›ื˜ (ืคืึทืœื˜ ืฆื•, ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื—ื ื•ื›ึผื”-ืœื™ื›ื˜, ืึทื ื˜ืฆื™ืงื˜) 
ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช-ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ืึธื ื’ืขืฆื•ื ื“ืŸ. 
ื—ื ื•ื›ึผื”-ืœื™ื›ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ื•ืง ืฆื• ืžื™ืจ ื–ื™ืš, ืฉืฐืขืกื˜ืขืจ! 
ื ื™ื˜ืึธ ืฆืขื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืœื™ื›ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืงืœืขื ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืจืขืกืขืจ... 
ืœื™ื›ื˜ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืข ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืขืจ ื’ืขื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ, 
ืžื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืœื™ื‘ ืื•ืŸ ืคืจืฒึทื ื“ืœืขืš ืึธืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืงื•ืงืŸ - 
ืžื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ื™ื ืข ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ื•ืงืŸ... 
ื“ื™ ืœื™ื›ื˜ ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืงืœื•ื’... ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืงืœื•ื’, 
ืžืฒึทืŸ ืคืจืฒื™ื ื“! 
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ื—ื ื•ื›ึผื”-ืœื™ื›ื˜ 


ื“ื™ ืœื™ื›ื˜ 


ื•ึทื—ื ื•ื›ึผื”-ืœื™ื›ื˜ืŸ 
ื•ื“ื™ ืœื™ื›ื˜ืŸ 


(ื—ื ื•ื›ึผื”-ืœื™ื›ื˜ืŸ 
ื•ื“ื™ ืœื™ื›ื˜ืŸ 
ื•ึทื—ื ื•ื›ึผื”-ืœื™ื›ื˜ืŸ 


ื—ื ื•ื›ึผื”-ืœื™ื›ื˜ 
ื“ื™ ืœื™ื›ื˜ 
ื—ื ื•ื›ึผื”-ืœื™ื›ื˜ 
ื“ื™ ืœื™ื›ื˜ 


ืึธ, ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืœื™ื›ื˜, ืื™ืŸ ืคืœื•ื’, 

ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ื—ื›ืžื” ื“ืฒึทื™ื ืข ืฐืึธืก ื–ื™ ืฉืฒื™ื ื˜! 
ื“ืขืจ ื›ึผื”ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ื’ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืŸ ื’ืขื–ื™ื›ื˜ 
ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ืš ืึธื ื’ืขืฆื•ื ื“ืŸ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ 

ืžื™ื˜ ื™ืึธืจืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜ืขืจ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง 

ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืžื™ืš ื‘ืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ 

ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขืœืขืจื ื˜ ื“ื™ ืชึผื•ืจื”, ื“ื™ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ืข, 
ื“ื™ ืชึผื•ืจื” ื•ื™ ืึท ื’ืœื™ืง: 

ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ื•ืง ื–ื™ืš ืœื™ื›ื˜ ืฆื• ืœื™ื›ื˜, 

ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื•ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ! 
ื•ึทืจื™ื›ื–ื˜ื™ืง! 


1 ื–ื˜ ื ืึธืจ ืœื™ึทื™ื›ื˜ืŸ, ืžืขืŸ ืงืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืจื™ื™ื“ืŸ ืœื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง! 
ื•ื•ื• ืจื•ืคื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืื™ื ื“ืขื ื›ึผื”ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื‘ืจื•ื“ืขืจ? 


ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”! 
ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”? ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ? ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ? 


ื ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ืึธ} ืึท ืกืš ืžื™ื˜ ื ืขืžืขืŸ, ืžื™ื˜ ืึทื–ืฆืœื›ืข, 
ื•ึตืื™ืš ืงืขืŸ) ืึท ืกืš ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”ืก, ืื™ืš ืงืขืŸ ืึท ืกืš ื–ื™ - 


ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”}! ื™ืึธ, ื”ืžื›ึผื‘ื™! 

ื•ื•ื™? ื”ืžื›ึผื‘ื™? ืฐืึธืก ื–ืึธืœ ืขืก ื”ื™ื™ืกืŸ? 
ื ื“ื• ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืึธืก} ืฐืึธืก ืึทืœืข, ืึทืœืข 
ื•ื•ื™ื™ืŸืกื–ืฅ - 
| } 

1 ืŸ 

1 ื• 

1 ื• 

...ืื™ืš| ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜, ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜, 

ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ, ื™ืึธ, ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜, 
ืึท ื”ืขืœื“! 

ื™ืึธ ืขืจื™ 

ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ืงืจื™ื’ืขืจ! 

ืขืจ! ืขืจ! 

ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ื–ื™ื’ืขืจ! 

ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“!... 


213 


ื—ื ื•ื›ึผื”-ืœื™ื›ื˜ ื™ึธ, ืขืจ! 


ื“ื™ ืœื™ื›ื˜ ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืึทืจืฑืก ืึทื ื˜ืงืขื’ืŸ ื’ืจื™ื›ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท {ืฉื•ื•ืขืจื“ืŸ 
ื—ื ื•ื›ึผื”-ืœื™ื›ื˜ ืขืจ! ืขืจ!ึผ 
ื“ื™ ืœื™ื›ื˜ (ื›ืึทืคึผื˜ ื–ื™ืš) 


ืฐืึทืจื˜ ื ืึธืจ, ืฐืึทืจื˜ ืึท ืฐืฒึทืœืข - 

ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืขืจ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” -- ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึทื–ืฑ ืคื™ืœ {ืžืขืœื•ืชืŸ... 

ืคืึทืจ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธืกื˜ื• ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ ื“ืขื ื›ึนึผื”ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื–? 
ื—ื ื•ื›ึผื”-ืœื™ื›ื˜ ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืึท ื”ืขืœื“ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื–ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก, 

ืคืึทืจ ื’ื•ื˜ืข -- ื’ื•ื˜, ืคืึทืจ ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ - ืึท ื‘ื™ื™ื–ืขืจ, 

ืึท ืงืจื™ื’ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืึท ื–ื™ื’ืขืจ ืึท ื“ืขืจืœื™ื™ื–ืขืจ, 

ื“ืขืจ ื›ึนึผื”ืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืข ื’ืจืขืกืขืจ, 

ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืข ื‘ืขืกืขืจ, 

ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื›ึนึผื”ืŸ -- ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฉืฒึทื ื˜ { } 
ื“ื™ ืœื™ื›ื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืงื•ืžื˜ ืึทืจืฑืก - ื“ื• ืฉืฒึทื ืกื˜ ืžืฒึทื™ืŸ ืคืจืฒึทื ืŸื“ืŸ 

ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ืจื™ืŸ 

ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™, ื–ื™ื™ ืฉืœืึธืคืŸ ื’ืึธืจ! 

| ืึธื˜ ื•ื•ืขืง ืื™ืš ื–ื™ื™, ื–ื™ื™ ืขืค'ื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืจ'ืข ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ !ืงืœืึธืจืŸ 

ื—ื ื•ื›ึผื”-ืœื™ื›ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืฐืขืง ื–ื™ ืืฑืฃ 

ื–ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื ืึธืš ื‘ืึทืฐืฒึทื–ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืŸืจืœื•ื™ืฃืŸ 

ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืขื’, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืš {ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื‘ืฒึท ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืฒึทืŸ {, } 

ืžื™ืš ืึธื ืงื•ืงืŸ {, ื–ื™ืš} ืคืจื™ื™ืขืŸ) ืžื™ื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸืŸ ืฉืฒึท}ืŸ... 

ื•ื•ืขืง ื–ื™ ื ื™ื˜, ื ื™ื˜ ืฐืขืง - | 

ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืึทื ึธื”ื–ืขืจ (ื’ืขื–ืงื•ืžืŸืขืŸ} ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึทืŸื›ื˜,ืŸ 

ืึทื›ื˜ ื’ืึทื ืฆืŸืข} ื˜ืขื’! 


ื“ื™ ืœื™ื›ื˜ ืื™ืš ื•ื•1ืขืœ ื–ื™ื™ ืื•ื™ืคื•ื•ืขืงืŸ ืื™ืš ืฐื•ืขืœืŸ 
ืึทืจืฑืก { 1 
ืึทื›ื˜ ื˜ืขื’ { / | 
ืึทื›ื˜ { ื•' 
ืื™ืš {ื•ื•ืขืง ื–ื™ื™ ืื•ื™ืฃ } 


ื—ื ื•ื›ึผื”-ืœื™ื›ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืฐื ืขืง ื–ืฒื™,ืŸ ื ื™ื™ืŸืฐืŸ 
ื–ื™ ื›ืึทืคึผืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืึทืœื“ ืึทืœืฒืŸ... 
ื“ื™ ืœื™ื›ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื– ื–ื™ื™ ื›ืึทืคึผืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื—ืœื•ื ื–ื™ืก 
ืคึฟืึทืจื˜ืึทื›ืœืขืฐืขืŸ ืื•ืžื–ื™ืกื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืฉืฒึทืŸ? 
214 


ื—ื ื•ื›ึผื”-ืœื™ื›ื˜ ื, ื’ืึธื˜! (ืฆื•ื“ืขืจ ืœื™ื›ื˜) 

ืขืก ื–ืึธืœ ื“ื™ืจ ื ืึธืจ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืึธื“ 

ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 

ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืฉืฒื™ืŸ! 

ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ืึธ ืึทื–ืขืœื›ืข 

ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข 

ื›ืจืึธืคึผื™ืŸ 

ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื”ืขืœืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ - 

ืฆื™ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื“ื™ ื–ื•ืŸ, ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ, ื–ืึธื’ 

ื–ื™ืš ืึทืจืึธืคึผืงืฒึทืงืœืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื™ืžืœ? 
ื“ื™ ืœื™ื›ื˜ ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืืฒื‘ื™ืง ืึธืŸ 

ืึทื– ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื–ืึธืœืŸ ืคืึทืจ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืœื™ื›ื˜ ืฐืึธืก ื˜ืึธืŸ... 
ื—ื ื•ื›ึผื”-ืœื™ื›ื˜ ื–ืฒ ื•ืขืœืŸ ื˜ืึธืŸ... ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ื’ืขื ื•ื’ 

ืื•ื™ืฃ ืฆื• ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืงืœื•ื’, 

ืื•ื™ืฃ ืฆื• ื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ื™'ืจืข ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืึธืคืŸ - 

ื–ืึธืœืŸ ื–ื™ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜ ื ืึธืš ืฉืœืึธืคืŸ! 

ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื– ื–ื™ื™ ืจืฒึทืกืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ - 

ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืฐืึธืก ืืฑืคื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ืึธ, 

ืึทื™ืึธ? 

ืžื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืฆื• ืขืคึผืขืก ืฐืึธืก ื ืึธืš ื˜ืฑื’ืŸ! 
ื“ื™ ืœื™ื›ื˜ ืฆื• ืฐืึธืก? 
ื—ื ื•ื›ึผื”ื™ืœื™ื›ื˜ โ€ ืฆื• ื“ืขื! ืฆื• ื“ืึธืก! 

ืึท ื ืคืงื-ืžื™ื ื” ืฐืึธืก... 

ืžื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื˜ืึธืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื’ื•ื˜ืก, 

ื”(ืขื–ืœืคืŸ ื•ื•ืขืžืขืŸ, ื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ ื ื•ืฅ, 

ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืฐื•ึผ ืื•ื™ืก - ืฐื•ึผ ืืฒึทืŸ - 

ื•ึทื•ื•ืขืœืŸ) ืžื™ืจ ืึท ืฐืึธืจืฃ ื˜ืึธืŸ ื•ึทื”ืขืœืŸ ืึท ืฉืฒื™ืŸ; 

{ืคืึทืจ|ื‘ืœืึธื ื“ื–ืฉืขื˜ืข ืฐืึธืก ืคืจืขื’ืŸ; 

ื•ื•ื•ึผ? | 

ื•ืฐืึธืก ื–ื•ื›ืŸืŸ ืจื• {-- } 

ืขืœื ื˜ืข, ืคืึทืจื–ื•ื ืงืขืŸ ื‘ืึทื ื’ 

ืื•ืŸ ื˜ื™ืฃ, ื˜ื™ืฃ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืจืŸ 

=ืืจืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ืคืœื˜(ืขืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืคืจืขื’ืŸืŸ: } ื•ื•ืขืŸ? ื•ื™ ืœืึทื ื’? 


215 


ื“ื™ ืœื™ื›ื˜ 


ื—ื ื•ื›ึผื”-ืœื™ื›ื˜ 


ื“ื™ ืœื™ื›ื˜ 
ื—ื ื•ื›ึผื”-ืœื™ื›ื˜ 


ื•ื™ ืœืึทื ื’ ืฐืขื˜ ืขืก ื’ืขื“ื•ื™ืขืจืŸ? 

ืฐืฒึทืœ ื™ื•ื ื’ ืคืึทืจืฉืžืึทื›ื˜ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืฐืฒึทื‘ ืื•ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ 
ืื™ืŸ ืžื•ื™ืขืจืŸ 

ืึทืจื•ืžื’ืขืฆืฑืžื˜ืข ื‘ืœื™ื ื“ - 


ืžื™ืจ ืคื™ืจืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืึทืจืฑืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืข |ืฉ|ืœื™ืึทื›ืŸ, 


ืื•ื™ืฃ ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืข, ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืข ื•ืขื’ืŸ... 
ืžื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืงืœืขื›ืข - ื’ืœื™ืงืœืขืš ืžืึทื›ืŸืŸ,} 
ื‘ืึทืจืฑึทืงืŸ ืฆืขื˜ืจืึธื’ืขื ืข, 
ื˜ืจื™ื™ืกื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืคืจื™ื™ืขืŸ ื˜ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ{ืฉืŸืœืึธื’ื ืขื–ื ืข { } 
ืื™ ืคืจื™ื™ื“, ืื™ ื˜ืจื™ื™ืกื˜ - 
ืฐืึธืก ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜? 
ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ 
ืœื™ื›ื˜ืขืจ! 
ืžื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ 
ื ื™ื›ื˜ืขืจืข ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื›ึผื•ืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื™ื›ึผื•ืจืข ืžืึทื›ืŸ (ื ื™ื›ื˜ืขืจ,ืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ื“ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ ื˜ืจื™ื™ืกื˜, 
ืฐืึธืก ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜? 
ืžื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืึทืœืฅ ื‘ืึทืฐืฒึทื–ืŸ! 
ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืฉื˜ืึทืจืงืขืจ ื ืึธืš ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ึทื™ื–ืŸ, 
ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืœื™ื›ื˜ืขืจ! 
ืฐืึธืก ืื•ืžืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืก ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ 
ืคืึทืจืžืึธื’ื˜ 
ืื•ืŸ ืงืึธืŸ 
ืึท ืœื™ื›ื˜ ืคืึทืจ ืขืžืขืฆืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื˜ืึธืŸ? 
ื ืกืš! 
ื ื™ื˜ืึธ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืึทืš 
ืฐืึธืก ืคืึทืจ ืึท ืœื™ื›ื˜ ื–ืึธืœ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฆื• ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ... 
ืงืขื ืกื˜ ืึธืคึผืฐื™ืฉืŸ ืึท ื˜ืจืขืจ? 
ืฆื• ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืจ ืึธืคึผืฐื™ืฉืŸ, ืึธ ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ ื–ืฒึทืฅืฐื™ื– 
ืื™ืš ืฐืึทืจืฃ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืจืขืจ ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ 
ื‘ืฉืขืช ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ืœ 
ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฉืฒึทืŸ - 
ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– 
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ื“ื™ ืœื™ื›ื˜ 
ื—ื ื•ื›ึผื”-ืœื™ื›ื˜ 


ื”ืขืจืœืขื›ืข ืึท ืฉืคึผื™ืœ! 

ืฉืคึผื™ืœ ืื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ ื–ื™ืก, 

ื’ืขืœืขื›ื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ืŸ -- 

ืฐืึธืก ืงืขืŸ ื“ืขืŸ ืžืขืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉื™ื™ืŸ? 

ืฐืึธืก ืงืขืŸ ื“ืขืŸ ืžืขืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ื•ื˜? 

ืงืขื ืกื˜ ืึธืคึผืฐื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืึท ื˜ืจืึธืคึผืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื˜? 

ืฆื• ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื ืึธืคึผืฐื™{ืฉืŸ)? ืฆื• ืฐืึธืก? 

ืœืึธื– ื“ืขื ื˜ืจืึธืคึผืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื˜... {ืœืึธื–,} ืœืึธื–, 

ืœืึธื– ืื™ืŸื} ืงืึธื›ืŸ 

ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืœืฒึทื‘ (ืฆืขื‘ืจืึธื›ืŸืŸ 

ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื–ืขืœ ืฆืขืจื™ืกืŸ... 

ืžืขืŸ ื˜ืึธืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืึธืคึผืฐื™ืฉืŸ ืึท ื˜ืจืึธืคึผืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ 

ื•ื™ ืžืขืŸ ื˜ืึธืจ ืื™ื ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจื’ื™ืกืŸ!... 

ื“ื• ืงืขื ืกื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื™ื ืข ื ืึธืจ: 

ื“ื• ืงืขื ืกื˜ ืึท ื˜ืจืึธืคึผืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืœื™ื›ื˜ ื‘ืึทื’ื™ืกืŸ 
ืงืŸืœืึธืจืŸ... 

ืึท ื˜ืจืึธืคึผืŸ ืœื™ื›ื˜ ืฆื• ื‘ืœื•ื˜ ืึท ื˜ืจืึธืคึผืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืขืงืœืขืคึผื˜ . 
ืื™ื– ื•ื™ ื–ื™ื™ ืฐืึธืœื˜ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขืœืขื‘ื˜!... 
ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ืึทื ื“ืขืจืŸ ื“ืขืจื’ืึทื ืฆื˜, 

ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื–ื™ื™, ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึทื ื˜ืงืขื’ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื˜ืึทื ืฆื˜, 
ืœื™ื›ื˜ ื‘ืึทืœืฒึทื›ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืœื˜, 

ืœื™ื›ื˜ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ 

ื•ื™ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ืงื•ืœ, 

ืคืจื™ื™ืœืขื›ืข ื’ืึธืจ ื–ืึทื›ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืžืึธืœ... 

ืœื™ื›ื˜ ื“ืขืงื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืฉืžืึทืจืฆืŸ 

ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื˜ืจืึธืคึผืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฆืŸ, 

ืœื™ื›ื˜ ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืื•ื™ืก 

ืึทืŸ ืืžืช ื’ืจื•ื™ืก 

ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ ืึท ื˜ืจืึธืคึผืŸ - ื’ืขืœืขื’ืŸ 

ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ 

ืฐืึธืก ื”ืขืจื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืฆื• ืงืึธื›ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื• ื™ื•ื™ืจืŸ, 
ืขืก ื“ืึทืจืฃ ืึท ื˜ืจืึธืคึผืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจืœืฑืจืŸ! 
ืœื™ื›ื˜ ืฉืžืฒื™ืกื˜, 


24 


4 


217 


ืœื™ื›ื˜ ืฉืžืฒื™ืกื˜ ืฐื™ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืจื•ื˜ 
ื“ืขื ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ืŸ ื’ืฒึทืกื˜ 
ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืึทืจื’ืึธืกืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื˜... 
{ืก'ื‘ืจื–ืขื ื˜ 
ื•ื•ื• ืคื™ึทื™ืขืจื’ืœื•ื˜, 
ืžืึทื›ื˜ ืœืขื›ืขืจ 
ืื™ืŸ {ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื ื˜ 
ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืคืึทืจื‘ืจืขื›ืขืจ 
ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืึทืจื’ืึธืกืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื˜; 
ืœื™ื›ื˜ ืจืฒึทืกื˜ 
ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืฒึทืกื˜ 
ื•ืœื™ื›ื˜ ื˜ืจืขืคื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืŸ ืฉืึทืจืฃ ืึท ืงื•ื™ืœ ื’ืขืฉืึธืกืŸ 
ื•ื“ืขื ืฉืœืขื ื˜ืŸ| ื’ืฒึทืกื˜ 
ื•ืฐื•ืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืึท ื˜ืจื–ืึธืคึผืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ ืคืึทืจื’ืึธืกืŸ... 
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ื‘ืœื•ื˜ ืึท ื˜ืจืึธืคึผืŸ - 
{ } ืฐื™ืฉ ื ื™ื˜ ืึธืคึผ ืื™ื! 

ื•ึธื“ึดื™ ืœื™ื›ื˜ืŸ { ื–ืจื™ื™ื“ ื ื™ื˜ ื”ื•ื™ืš, ื ื™ื˜ ืึทื–ืฑ ืึธืคืŸ, 
ื“ื™ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ื•ื“ื–ืึธ - ื’ื•ื˜ ืฐืึธืก ื–ื™ื™ ืฉืœืึธืคืŸ... 
ืฐืึธื ืก ื“ืึทืจืคืŸ} ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืฐื•ื™ืกืŸ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ {ืคืึทืจื’ื–ื™ืกื•ื ื’? 
ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœ ื“ืึธืก ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ืก? 

ื—ื ื•ื›ึผื”-ืœื™ื›ื˜ (ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜ืŸ. 
ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ (ื“ืึทืจืคืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ} ืคื•ื ืขื {ืฉืœืขื›)ื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“ 
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{ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ืฐื™ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฉื‚ื›ืœ, 
ื•ึทื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืืฑื’ืŸ ืงืœืึธืจ ืึท ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœ 
{ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืคึผื•ื ื–ืงื˜ ืฐื™ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข, ืžื•ื˜, 
ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืคืึทืœืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืคืจืฒึทื ื“ืฉืึทืคึผื˜ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื”ืึทืœื“ื– - 
ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืžืขื’ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ืึทืœืฅ! (ื‘ืึทื˜ืŸืจืึทื›ืŸื˜ (ื“ื™ ืฉืŸืœืึธืคื ื“ื™ืงืข ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจืŸ) 


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ื•ื•ืขืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™? 
ื“ื™ ืœื™ื›ื˜ ื‘ืจื™ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™... 
ื—ื ื•ื›ึผื”-ืœื™ื›ื˜ ื ืฒืŸ ื“ืจื™ื™! 
ื–ืข, ื–ืข, ื“ืึธืก ื“ืจื™ื™ื“ืขืœืข ืคื•ืŸ {ื‘ืœืฒึทืŸ 
ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึทืœืข ื“ืึธ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืจืฒื™ืขืŸ 
ืึทืจื•ืžื’ืขื‘ืจืฒึทืขื˜, 
ืึทืจื•ืžื’ืขืคืœืึทืžืขืจื˜ - 
ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคืึทืจืžืึทื˜ืขืจื˜, 
ืฆื•ื’ืขืฉืคึผืึทืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ืฐืฒึทืœืข ื ืึธืจ... 
ื“ื™ ืœื™ื›ื˜ ื’ืขืžืึทื˜ืขืจื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื‘ื•ื™ื’ืขื ืขืจ {.ืŸ 
ื“ื ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืึทื“ืึทืจืคื˜ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ ื“ืึธ ืึท ืฉื™ืจ, 
ืื•ืŸ ืื•ืจื™ ืคึผืจืึธื–ืข ื’ืึธืจ! 
ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ื 'ืก ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜...ืฐื•ื™ื™, ื•ื•ื™ื™! 
ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ื 'ืก ื˜ื™ืฃ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฅ, ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืŸ ื’ืขื”ืึทื˜ 
ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืึทืฐื™ื–ืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืฉืจืฒื™ื‘ืŸ ืขืก ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื‘ืœืึทื˜... 
ื—ื ื•ื›ึผื”-ืœื™ื›ื˜ ืงื•ื, ื”ืขืœืคืŸ ื–ื™ื™ื™ 
ืึธื˜ ืฐืขืœืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืคืึทืจืงืึทืฉืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜, ื“ื™ ืฐืฒึทืกืข - 
ืฐืึธืก ื ื™ื˜? 
ืื•ืŸ ื›'ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ ืื™ื ืืฑืฃ ืึท ืœื™ื“, 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ื•, ื“ื• ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ ืื™ื ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ืžืขืฉื” - 
ืื•ืŸ ื–ืึธืœืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืื•ืŸ ืฐืขืจ ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืœื™ื›ื˜ืขืจ ืงืŸืขื ืขื–ืŸ! 
ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืœื™ื›ื˜ (ื’ืขื ืขื ืขืŸ ืฆื• ืฆื• ื“ื ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื•ืื•ืจื™ืŸ), ื“ื™ ื—ื ื•ื›ึผื”-ืœื™ื›ื˜ ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ื˜ 
ืจืขื›ื˜ืขืจ ื”ืึทื ื˜, (ื“ื™ ืœื™ื›ื˜} - ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ืจื™ืก 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึทืคึผื™ืจ ื‘ื•ื™ื’ื {ืก).) 
ื“ื ื™ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ืจื™ (ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืฆื•ื›ืึทืคึผืŸ) 


ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืœื™ื›ื˜ (ื˜ืจืขื˜ืŸ ืึธืคึผืŸ ) 
ื“ื ื™ (ื˜ืฉื•ื›ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืœืŸืึทื ื–ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ {ืฉื–ืœืึธืฃ { } ืึธืŸ 
} ืื•ืŸ (ื–ืขืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ืŸ ืœื›ืชึผื—ื™ืœื”) 
ื“ื ื™ (ืงื•ืžื˜ ืฆื•ื ื‘ืึทืฐื•ึผ{ืกื˜ื–ืฒึทืŸ)} 
ืฐืึธืก { ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืฉืœืึธืคืŸ!... 
ืื•ืŸ { {? 
ื ื™ื™ืŸ, { 


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ืื•ืจื™ 


(ื“ื ื™| 
{ืื•ืจื™ืŸ 
ื•ื“ื ื™ืŸ 


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(ืฆื• ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘} ืื™ืš ื’ืขื“ืึทืจืคื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืฒึทืœืŸ? 

ืขืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ) ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขืฐื•ืึทื›ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฉืœืึธืฃ ืžื™ืจ ืึทืœืข ืžืฒึทื ืข ื’ืœื™ื“ืขืจ, 

ื•ืžืฒึทื™ืŸ } ืื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฅ-- 

ื•ึนืื™ืšึฐ ื”ืึธื‘ ื“}ืขืจืคื™ืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฉืœืึธืฃ ืึท ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ืชึผืขื ื•ื’, 

ื ืื•ืŸ ืึท ื’ืจืขืกื–ืขืจืขืจ ืึท ืฉืžืึทืจืฅ 

{ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ืš} ืื™ืŸ ืฉืœืึธืฃ ื’ืขืคึผืฒึทื ื™ืงื˜.- 

|ืื™ืŸ ืฉืœืึธืฃ} ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืœื™ื“ืขืจ! 

ื•ึตืื™ืŸ ืฉืœืึธืฃ} ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ื“ืึธืš ื–ืขืขื•ื•ื“ื™ืง ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ! 

ืื™ืŸ ืฉืœืึธืฃ ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ. 

ื•ืฉืœื–ืึธืคึผื ื“ื™ืง ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื“ืึธืš ืึทืœืฅ ื’ืขืงืขื ื˜, 

ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื’ืขื”ืึทื˜ ื˜ืึทืœืขื ื˜, 

ื’ืึธื˜ืก ืคึผืฒึทืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขื‘ืจืขื ื˜... 

ืื•ืŸ ืึธื˜ - 

ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขื›ืึทืคึผื˜, ืึธ ื’ืึธื˜ 

ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืœื™ื ื“! 

ืึทืœืฅ ืฐืึธืก ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื–ืŸ ืื™ื– -- ืคืึทืจืฉืฐื™ื ื“ื˜! 

ื’ืึธื˜ืก ืคึผืฒึทืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืึทืจืœืึธืฉืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื“, 

ืื•ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ืจื” ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืœื™ื“ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ, 

ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืช ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืึธื ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ -- 

ืึทืœืฅ ืื™ื– ืึทืฐืขืง ืฐื™ ืฉื•ื™ื-- 

{ืขืก} ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ื˜ืจื•ื™ื! 

ืึท ื˜ืจื•ื™ื! ืึท ื˜ืจื•ื™ื! ืื™ืš ืื•ื™ืš... 

ืคืึทืจ ืžื™ืจ ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉืœืึธืฃ ืึท ื”ื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’-- 

ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืŸ ื—ืœื•ื ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืึท ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’, 

ืื•ืŸ ื™ืขืฆื˜ ืื™ื– ืึทืœืฅ ืคืึทืจืฉืฐื•ึผื ื“ืŸ ื•ื™ ืึท ืจื•ื™ืš... 

ื“ื• ืื•ื™ืš?! ื“ื• ืื•ื™ืš?! 

ื™ืึธ, ืื™ืš-- 

ืฐืึทืจื˜, ืฐืึทืจื˜ืŸ,} ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ ืคืึทืจืžืึทื›ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ืฐืฒึทืœ 
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ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึทืœืฅ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืŸ ืฉืœืึธืฃ 
ืื•ื™ืคื’ืข{ืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท} ื‘ื•ื™ื’ืŸ -- 
ื•ึธืื•ึนื™ื‘ ื ื™ื˜ ืึทืœืฅ, ืื™ื–ืŸ ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืึท ืคืขืจื–, ืึท ืฆืฒึทืœ... 
ื ืื•ืจื™ืŸ ื•ึตืื™ืš ืื•ื™ืš ืคืึทืจืžืึทืš) 
ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข (ืคืึทืจืžืึทื›ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ, ืœื™ื™ื’ื ื“ื™ืง ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ืฐืฒึทืœืข ื“ื™ ืงืขืคึผ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืึธืจืขืžืก, ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืžืึธืœ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืงืขืคึผ, ื›ืึทืคึผืŸ ื“ื™ 


ืคืขื“ืขืจ-ื”ืึทืœื˜ืขืจืก ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื‘ื•ื™ื’ื ืก ืคึผืึทืคึผื™ืจ) 


ื“ื ื™ (ืคืึทืจืฐื•ึผื ื“ืขืจื˜) 

ื”ืึท! 
ืื•ืจื™ ื”ืึท! ื”ืึท! 
ื“ื ื™ ืื™ื–'ืก ืึท ื’ืœื™ืง ืฆื™ ืื™ื– ืึท ืฉืคึผืึทืก ืึทื–ืึท? 
ืื•ืจื™ ืึท ื’ืœื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืึท ืฉืคึผืึทืก. 
ื“ื ื™ ื‘ืฒึท ืžื™ืจ ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ื“ืขืจ ื‘ื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื ืึทืก! 
ืื•ืจื™ ืื•ื™ืš ืžืฒึทื ืขืจ... ืคืจื™ืฉ ืคืึทืจืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ! 


ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ืชืขืœืขืš ื•ื™ ืคึผืขืจืขืœืขืš ื’ืขืงืœื™ื‘ืŸ 
ื“ืึธืก ื’ืึทื ืฆืข ื‘ืœืึทื˜! 
ื“ึนื ื™ ื–ืข ื ืึธืจ, ื–ืข ื ืึธืจ: 
ืžืฒึทื ืขืจ, ื“ืขืจ ื›ึนึผืชื‘-ื™ื“! 
ื–ืข, ื–ืข ื ืึธืจ: 
ื“ื™ ืื•ืชืขืœืขืš ื ื™ื˜ ืงืœืขื ืขืจ 
ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืจืขืกืขืจ-- 
ื–ืข, ื–ืข, ืึท ืฉื™ืจ! 
ืื•ืจื™ ื–ืข, ืื•ื™ืš ื‘ืฒึท ืžื™ืจ, 
ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืขืจ ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“ ืื™ื– ืžืฒึทื ืขืจ, 
ื ื™ื˜ ืขืจื’ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืขืกืขืจ, 
ื ื™ื˜ ืžื™ืื•ืกืขืจ, ื ื™ื˜ ืคืฒื™ื ืขืจ-- 
ืื™ืš ื’ืœื•ื™ื‘ ืขืก ืงื•ื™ื! 
ื“ื  ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืึทื ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฐื•ึผ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืžืฒึทืŸ ืœื™ื“ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ? 
ืื™ืš ืงื•ืง ืึทืจื•ื, ืึทืจื•ื ื–ื™ืš -- 
ืขืก ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืš ื ืึธืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ื˜ืจื•ื™ื! 
ืื•ืจื™ ื“ื•ื™ 
ื“ื• ืžืฒึทืŸ ืœื™ื‘ืขืจ, 


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ื“ื ื™ 


ืื•ืจื™ 
ื“ื ื™ 


ืื•ืจื™ 


ื“ื ื™ 


ืื•ืจื™ 
ื“ื ื™ 


ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ืขืก ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืœืขื‘ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ, 

ื™ืึธ, ืื™ืš! 

ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืขืก ืืฑื™ืคืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ืŸ,ืŸ 

ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื–ื™ืš ื™ืขืฆื˜ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ืŸ.ืŸ 

ื ืขื, ื ืขื ืžืฒื™ืŸ ื‘ื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื’ื™ืš -- 

ืžืฒึทืŸ ืœื™ื“ ืฐืึธืก ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื– {ื ื™ื˜ืŸ 

ืžืฒึทืŸ ืœื™ื“ ืฐืึธืก ื’ืจื•ื™ืก -- (ื’ื™ื˜ ืื™ืืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ืฑื’ืŸ) 

ื”ืขืจ, ื”ืขืจ ืžื™ืš ืื•ื™ืก: 

(ื ืขืžื˜ ื“ืขื ื‘ื•ื™ื’ืŸ {ืคึผืึทืคึผื™/ื“, {ืงื•ืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื} ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ) 

(ื•ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืคื•ื– ืืฑืกืฐืฒื™ื ื™ืง, ืคืฒึทืขืจืœืขืš) 

(ื—ื ื•ื›ึผื”}! ืึธ ื”ืขืจืœืขืš, ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื’ืขื–ืึทื ื’! 

ื•ืึท ืคืจืฒึทื™}ื”ื™ื™ื˜ืกืœื™ื“, 

ื•ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื’ืขื–ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื™ื™ื“ 

ื•ืฉื•ื™ืŸ} ืœืึทืŸื ื–ื’, ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืœืึทื ื’! 

ื—ื ื•ื›ึผื”... ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ืื™ื– ืึทืœื˜, 

ืื•ืŸ ืืฒื‘ื™ืง ื ื™ื™! 

ื”ืขืจื˜, ื”ืขืจื˜ ื•ื™ ืคืจื™ื™ 

ื“ืขืจ ืขื›ืึธ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืจ ืฉืึทืœื˜... 

ื—ื ื•ื›ึผื”-- ื”ืขืจื˜, ื”ืขืจื˜: ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจื™ืš 

ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืึธ... ื”ืขืจื˜: 

ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืฉืฐืขืจื“, 

ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื›ื˜! 

(ืึทื ื˜ืฆื™ืงื˜) 

ื“ื•ื™ ื“ื•ื™ 

ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืฉื™ืจ! 

ื“ืึธืก ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฅ ื‘ืฒึท ื“ื™ืจ - 

ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ืึธ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ืคึผืึทืคึผื™ืจ! 

ื™ืขืฆื˜ ื•ื™ื– ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืžื™ืจ -- (ืขืจ ื ืขืžื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ืจื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ื•ื™ื’ืŸ) 

ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ ื“ืึธ ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ 

ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฐืึธืก ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื“ืึธ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ:- โ€ . 

{ ื–}ืึธ 

ื–ืึธื’, ื–ืึธื’ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืืฑืกืฐื™ื™ื ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ ืงื•ืงืŸ ื“ืึธื™.. 

ื–ืึธื’ ืึท ืคึผืึธืจ ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ื ืึธืจ, ืึท ืงืœื™ื™ื ืขื ื˜ื™ื™ืœ - 
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ืื•ืจื™ 


ื“ื ื™ 


ืื•ืจื™ 
ื“ื ื™ 


ืื•ืจื™ 


ื“ึฐื ื™ 
ื—ื ื•ื›ึผื”-ืœื™ื›ื˜ 
ื“ื  


ืื•ืจื™ 


ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœ! 

(ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜) 

ื“ื™ ืฆืฒึทื˜ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื“ื™ ื’ืจื™ื›ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื‘ืึทื”ืขืจืฉื˜ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืงื•ื ืกื˜ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ 
ืคืึทืจื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ, ื–ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืืฒื‘ื™ืง! ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืงื•ื ืกื˜ ื‘ืึทื”ืขืจืฉื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ื. ื“ื™ 
ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืš ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœ ื“ืึธ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคึผืึทืกื™ืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ {(ืฆืฒึทื˜ืŸ} ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืจื™ื›ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ 
ื‘ืึทื”ืขืจืฉื˜ ืคืจืขืžื“ืข (ืœืขื ื“ืขื–ืจ ืื•ืŸ ื•ืคืขืœืงืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืงื•ื ืกื˜ ื ืึธืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ 
ืฉื•ื•ืขืจื“, {ืื™ื– ืื•ืคื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ} ืœืึทื ื“ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืึท ื”ืขืœื“, ืึท ื˜ืจืฒึทืขืจ ื–ื•ืŸ {ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ืคืึธืœืง, ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื”ืžื›ึผื‘ื™, ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ืจื™ื›ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจื˜ืจื™ื‘ืŸ} ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืœืึทื ื“, ืขืก 
ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื ืจื” ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ,} ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ืึทืจืฑืกื’ืขื˜ืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™{ืฉื–ืŸ ืœืึทื ื“, 
ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืคืึทืจื’ { 11 ืขื–ืจื’ืกื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ืŸ, ืฐืŸืฒึทืœืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ 
ืคืึทืจืงื ืขื›ื˜ืŸ {... ืžื›ึผื‘ื™ืก} ืฉื•ื•ืขืจื“ ืื™ืŸื–) ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึทื–ืฑ ืฉืึทืจืฃ ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ื’ืจื™{ื›ื™ืฉืข, ืขืจ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš} ืื•ืคื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ (ื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ } ืคืจืฒึทื”ื™ื™ื˜.- 

ื’ืขื ื•ื’! ื’ืขื ื•ื’! 

ืก'ืื™ื– ื“ื™ื™ืŸ! 

ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืจื•ื’, 

ืื•ืŸ ื“ืฒึทืŸ, ืก'ืื™ื– ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฐืฒึทืŸ! 

ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ื ืึธืจ 

ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจ ืžื™ืจ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืงืœืึธืจ -- 

ืก'ืื™ื– ื“ืฒึทืŸ! ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ ื‘ืจื•ื“ืขืจ, 

ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขืคื™ืœ, 

ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืกื˜ื™ืœ! 

ื“ืึธืก ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืึท ื—ืœื•ื! ืึท ื—ืœื•ื ืื•ืŸ ืึท ื’ื•ื˜ืขืจ! 

ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืก'ืื™ื– ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื—ืœื•ื ื ื™ื˜, ืก'ืื™ื– ืฐืึธืจ! 

ืื™ืš ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืฉืฐืขืจืŸ! 

(ื’ืขื”ื™ื™ืž'ื ื™ืฉืคื•ืœ) 

ืฐืึธืจ, ื™ืึธ ืฐืึธืจ-- 

ื ืึธืจ -- (ื’ืขื”ื™ื™ืž'ื ื™ืฉืคื•ืœ) 

ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธ ื’ืขื”ืึธืœืคืŸ ืฐืขืจ ืื•ื ื“ื–! 

ื•ื•ืขืจ! (ืงื•ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึทืจื•ื) 

ืžื™ืจ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข, ืื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ.. (ืฐืฒึทื™ื–ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืœื™ื›ื˜) 

(ืงื•ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึทืจื•ื) 

ื•ื•ืขืจ? 


(ืฐืฒึทื–ื˜ ืื•ืฃ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืœื™ื›ื˜, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื˜(ืขืจื’ืจื•ื ื˜)) 


2323 


ื“ื ื™ 


ื—ื ื•ื›ึผื”-ืœื™ื›ื˜ 


ื•ืื•ืจื™ืŸ 
(ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืœื™ื›ื˜} 
ืื•ืจื™ 


ื“ื™ ืœื™ื›ื˜ 
ื“ื ื™ 


ื—ื ื•ื›ึผื”-ืœื™ื›ื˜ 


ื–ืข, ื–ืข, ื•ื™ ื”ืขืœ, 

ื•ื™ ืœื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืก'ืื™ ื“ืึธืจื˜! 

ื•ื™ ืก'ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืึท ื–ื•ืŸ ืึทืจืึธืคึผื’ืขื ื™ื“ืขืจื˜ 

ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืฉื•ื•ืŸืขื–ืœืŸ,} 

ื•ื™ ืก'ืฐื•ืึธืœื˜ |ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื˜ืึธื’ืŸื™ืŸ 

ื“ื• ื–ืขืกื˜ ืึท ืฉืฒึทืŸ? 

ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš, ืื™ืš (ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ืึท ืงื•ืœ-- 

ืขืก ืžื•ืŸื–ืŸ ืึท ื ื™ืฉื˜ {ื’ืขื–ืขืขื ืขืจ ื“ืึธ ื–ืฒึทืฑืŸ 

ืื™ืš ืฐื™ืœ ืื™ื ื”ืขืจืŸ, ื”ืขืจืŸ ื ืึธืš ืึท {ืžืึธืœ.ืŸ 

ื•ื•ืขืจ? | 

ื•ื•ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึทื’ื˜ (ื–ืึธื’ืŸ,ืŸ 

1 } ื’ืขื”ืึทื˜ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื–ื” 

(ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืึทื–ืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื”ืึธืœืคืŸ ืžื™ืจ, ื–ืึธื’ ื’ื™ืš! 

ืื™ืš! 

ืื™ืš! ืึท ืœื™ื›ื˜, 

ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขื”ืึธืœืคืŸ ืฉืจืฒึทื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ืจ ืก'ื’ืขื“ื™ื›ื˜, 

ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ, ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื”ืึธืœืคืŸ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ ืื™ื ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื–ืข... 

ืื™ืจ? 

ืžื™ืจ! 

ืœื™ื›ื˜ืขืจ! 

ืื™ืจ, ืื™ืจ... ืื™ืš ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขืฉืฐืึธืจืŸ -- 

ืื™ืจ! 

ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืืฒึทื ื’ืขืฉืœืึธืคืŸ ืึธืจืขื 

ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขื›ืึทืคึผื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืจืฒึทืš... 

ืžื™ืจ ื”ืขืœืคืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื ืึธืจ ืืฒึทืš, 

ืžื™ืจ ื”ืขืœืคืŸ ืึทืœืข ื“ื™ื›ื˜ืขืจ! 

ื•ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืจ ืขืก ื’ืขืงืขื ื˜? 

ื•ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืจ ืขืก ื’ืขืžืึทื›ื˜? 

ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึธืคึผื ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืืฒึท'ืจืข ื”ืขื ื˜ 

ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ 

ื˜ื™ืฃ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฅ ื’ืขื—ืœื•ืžื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜... 

ืžื™ืจ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข-- 

ืžื™ืจ ื”ืขืจืŸ ื“ืึธืš ื—ืœื•ืžื•ืช ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื“ืึทื ืงืขืŸ -- 
224 


ื•ื™ ื–ื™ื™ ืฐืึธืœื˜ืŸ ืจื™ื™ื“ืŸ. 


ื•ื“ื ื™ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ ื•ื™ ื’ืึธื˜, ืฐื™ ื’ืึธื˜! 
ืึธ, ื–ื™ื™ืก ื’ืขื‘ืขื ื˜ืฉื˜! 
ื•ื“ื™ ืœื™ื›ื˜} ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื™ ื’ืึธื˜, ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืฐื™ ื“ืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ, 


ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื’ื™ื™ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืก ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ, ืžื™ืจ ืฆืึทื ืงืขืŸ... 
ื—ื ื•ื›ึผื”-ืœื™ื›ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืฐื™ ื“ืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ - ืžื™ืจ ืœืขืฉืŸ ืื•ื™ืก ื–ื™ืš 
ืื•ืŸ ืฆื™ื ื“ืŸ ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื–ื™ืš! 
|ื“ื ื™ืŸ ืจืขื“ืกื˜ ืฐื•ึผื ื“ืขืจืœืขืš ืึทื–ืฑ, 
(ืœืฒึทื›ื˜ืกื˜ ื•ื™ ื“ืขืจ) ื˜ืึธื’! 
(ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืœื™ื›ื˜ ืคืึทืœื˜ ืคืจื™ืฉ ื•ื™ ื˜ื•ื™}- 
(ื•ื•ืขืจ ื‘ื™ืกื˜ื•, ื–ืึธื’?ืŸ 
ื•ื•ืขืจ? ืฐืขืจ? 
ื—ื ื•ื›ึผื”-ืœื™ื›ื˜ ืึท ื—ื ื•ื›ึผื”-ืœื™ื›ื˜, 


ื ื™ื˜ ืžืขืจ. 

ื“ื ื™ ืžืขืŸ ื“ืึทืจืฃ ื ื™ื˜ ืžืขืจ. 
ืึท ืœื™ื›ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ-ืื™ื– ืึท { | 
ืึท ื—ื ื•ื›ึผื”-ืœื™ื›ื˜ ืื™ื– { } 


ื–ื™ื™ ื’ืขื’ืจื™ืกื˜! (ืฆื•ื•ื“ืขืจ ืœื™ื›ื˜ืŸ) 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ื• ื–ืึธื’, ื•ื•ืขืจ ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ { } 
ื•ื•ืขืจ? ื•ื•ืขืจ? 


ืฉืฒึทื ืกื˜ ื•ื™ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ื ื“, ื•ื™ { } 
ืึทื–ืฑ ืื•ื™ืš ืงืœืึธืจ... 
ื“ื™ ืœื™ื›ื˜ ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืึท ืœื™ื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื’ืึทื ืฅ ื™ืึธืจ 
ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ื“ื™ืจ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื–ืข ืึธื  ื ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื ืึธืจ - } 
ืื•ืจื™ ืึธ, ืœื™ื›ื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืฒึทืขืจืข, ืึธ |ืœื™ื›ื˜ ืคืึทืจืขืจื˜ืขืŸ 
ืก'ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื–ืข { } 
ื”ื™ืœ ืืฒึทืขืจืข { 
ื“ื™ ืœื™ื›ื˜ ืื™ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ { } 
ื“ื  
(ื“ืขืจืœืึท|ื ื’ืขืŸ { 
8 
ืึท {ื“ืึทื ืง!ืŸ 


225 


ืึทืจื™ื™ื ืคื™ืจ 13 
ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึทืก 


ืึท ืœื™ื“ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืงืœื™ื™ื ืข ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ, ื•ื•ืขืžืขื ืก ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืึธืจื˜ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ื’ืึทืก; ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ, ืฐื™ ืขืก ื–ืขื˜ 
ืื•ื™ืก-- ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ ืชืฉ"ื - ืึธื ื”ืฒื™ื‘ ื™ืึธืจ 1941. ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจืœื•ื™ืจืŸ ื’ืขื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ. ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืœื™ื“ ื ืึธืจ 
ื“ืึธืก - ืึทื– ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึท ื‘ืึทืœืึทื“ืข ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื’ืขืจ, ืฐื•ึผ ืก'ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื“ืขืจืœืขืš ืื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืกื˜ืขืจืœืขืš-- 
ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืฐืึธืก ื–ื™ืฆืŸ ื‘ืฒึทื ืจืึทื ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืจืึธื˜ื•ืึทืจ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื˜ืœืขืŸ ื ื“ื‘ื•ืช. 

ื“ืขืจ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื“, ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืข ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžืขืจ-ืฐื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ -- ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ ืชึผืฉ"ื - ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื ื”ืึทืœื˜, ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ 
ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ึทื˜ ื ืึธืจ ื‘ืฒึท ื™ืฆื—ืง ืฆื•ืงืขืจืžืึทื ืขืŸ (ื–ืข: ืฆื•ืงืจืžืŸ - ืžื‘ืคื ื™ื, ื™"ื’, ื–ื™ 32). ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืคื•ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ื™ื 
ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื, ืชืฉื›"ื˜, ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืฉืขืจื” ื“ืฒึทื˜ืœืขื›ืขืจ: "ืฉื‘ื˜ ืชืฉ"ื" ืœื™ืึทื ื•ืึทืจ/ืคืขื‘ืจื•ืึทืจ 4:1941. 

ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ืžืขื ื˜ืึทืœืก ืจืฉื™ืžื”, ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืคืึทืจืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืึท ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ ื“ืขืจ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื“: "ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืึทืก" 
(ื“ืึธืจื˜, ื–' 188). ืœื•ื™ื˜ืŸ ืงื•ืจืฆืŸ ืื™ื ื”ืึทืœื˜ ืฐืึธืก ื™ืฆื—ืง ืฆื•ืงืขืจืžืึทืŸ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ ืื™ื– ืึธื ื ืขืžืœืขื›ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ 
"ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึทืก", ืฐืฒึทืœ ืก'ื”ืึทื ื“ืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื’ืึทืกื ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ, ื ืึธืจ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ื•ืจืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืœื™ื™ื ืข ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ 
ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื“ื™ ื’ืึทืก ื•ืขืจื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืงืฉืจ ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืึทื ืฆืขืจ ื‘ืึทืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื•ื ื’. ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืึท ื’ืึทืกื ืงื™ื ื“ ื‘ื™ื™ 
ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืœืกืึธื ืขืŸ, ื–ืข ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ, ื ื•ืž' 27; ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืึทืก, ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื•ื™ ื“ืขืจ "ืฐื•ืฑื™ื ืึธืจื˜" ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืจืžืขื ื˜ืฉ, 
ื ืึธืจ ื•ื™ ื“ืขืจ ืึธืจื˜ ืฐื•ึผ ื“ืขืจืฐืึทืงืกืขื ืข ืื•ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ื’ื™ื™ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื’ืขืจ ืžืึทืกื ืฐืฒึทื–, ื•ื™ ืึทืŸ ืึธืจื˜ ืฐื•ึผ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ 
ืงืœืฒึทื‘ืŸ ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ืื•ื™ืก ืฆื• ืฉื˜ืึทืจื‘ืŸ ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืœื™ื™ื“ื™ืงื˜ ื”ืฑื–, ื–ืข ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ื‘ืฒึท ื™ืฆื—ืง 
ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“: "ืงื•ื ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึทืก" ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื™ืงืœ "ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื’ืขืจ", ื ื•ืž' 23. 

ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ืฉืึทืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข ื‘ืขืช ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜-ืžืœื—ืžื”, ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ื•ื™ ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ืžืœื—ืžื”, 
ืื™ื– ืขื ื’ ืคืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ, ืกืฒึท ื•ื™ ื”ืขืœื“ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืจื™ืฉืข ืฉืึทืคื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืกืฒึท ื•ื™ ืœืขื‘ืขื“ื™ืงืข ืฆื™ืœืŸ 
ืคืึทืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ืขืจื™ืฉืขืจ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜, ื•ื™ ืื•ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืงืึธืžื‘ื™ื ืึทืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืจื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ - ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื‘ืฒึท 
ืื™ื ืื™ ื“ื™ ื”ืขืœื“ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ ื“ื™ ืึทืงื˜ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื™ื•ื’ื ื˜- ืื•ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ-ืคึผืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ (ื–ืข ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ 
ืึทืœื’ืขืžืฒื ืขื ืึทืจืฒึทื ืคื™ืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜ืŸ 71-- 73). 

ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ "ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึทืก", ืฐื•ื™ ืก'ืื™ื– ืฆื• ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงื•ืจืฆืขืจ ื‘ืึทืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื•ื ื’ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ 
ื“ืขื ืื™ื ื”ืึทืœื˜, ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืคึผืึธืจ ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜ืข ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ื’ืขื˜ืึธ-ืœืฒึทื“ืŸ, ื ืึธืจ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ 
ื’ื•ืจืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ-ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ื‘ื›ืœืœ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืฐืึทืœื’ืขืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื’ืึทืกืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื’ืขืจ. 


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ืึทืจื™ื™ื ืคื™ืจ 14 


ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืขืจื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืคึผืจืขืกืข ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ, ืื™ืŸ: ื“ืจื•ืจ, ื˜ื‘ืช- 
ืฉื‘ื˜ ืชืฉ"ื ?ื™ืึทื ื•ืึทืจ-ืคึผืขื‘ืจื•ืึทืจ 6.1941, ื ื•ืž' 5 (9), ื–ื–' 3-- 4. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจืฉืจื™ื‘ืขื ืข ื“ืึทื˜ืข ืื™ืŸ 
ื‘ืœื•ืžืขื ื˜ืึทืœืก ืจืฉื™ืžื”, ื ื•ืž' 17 ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืคื•ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื, ืชืฉื›"ื˜, ื ื•ืž' 16, ืœืฑื™ื˜ืŸ ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ืŸ 
ืžืงื•ืจ. ื ืึธืš ื“ืขืจ ืžืœื—ืžื” ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืžืึธืœ ืื™ืŸ: ื“ื™ ื’ืึธืœื“ืขื ืข ืงื™ื™ื˜, 1950, ื ื•ืž' 6, 
ื—' 187- 189; 1957, ื ื•ืž' 27, ื–ื–' 240-- 242.. ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ ืื™ื– ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืžืึธืœ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืึทื–ืฑ ืคืึทืจืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื“ื™ 
ื“ืึทื˜ืข: "ื“ืจื•ืจ, ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉ"ื, ื ื•ืž' 4". ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ืื™ื– ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ: ื. ืœ. 2 ืึท ืœื™ืฆืžืึทื ืฉื˜ืึทื˜ืขืจ+. ื“ืึธืก 
ืื™ื– ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ื’ืขื”ื™ื™ืžืข ืคึผืกืขืฐื“ืึธื ื™ืžืขืŸ (ื–ืข ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ,ื–' 125). ื“ืขืจ ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“ ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจืœื•ื™ืจืŸ. 
ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืœื™ื“ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืคืึธืจืžื•ืœื™ืจื˜, ืฆื•ื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ืฉืึทืคืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืŸ ื ืึทืฆื™ื™ืจืขื–ืฉื™ื,,. 
ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืึธื–ืึธืคื™ืฉืขืจ ืงื•ืง ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืื•ืžืงื•ื - ื ืึธืš ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืก'ืื™ื– ื’ืขื ื•ื™ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ 
ื‘ืึทืงืึทื ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืฐืึธืก ื”ื™ื˜ืœืขืจืก ืึธื ื’ืจื™ืฃ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืึธืœืง ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืขื ื“ื™ืงืŸ. ื‘ื™ื– ืขื ื“ืข ื™ืึธืจ 1940 ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืžืœื—ืžื” 
ื ืึธืš ืึทืœืฅ ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืึทืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืืฒื™ืจืึธืคึผืข ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืึธืคึผืขื ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ื•ื•ืขืœื˜-ืžืœื—ืžื”, ืฐืึธืก ื–ืึธืœ ื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ 
ืึท ืกื•ืฃ ืฆื• ื”ื™ื˜ืœืขืจืก ืจืขื–ืฉื™ื, ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืฆืขืจื•ื ืขืŸ (ื–ืข ืœืžืฉืœ ื‘ืฒึท ืงืคืœืŸ, ื–ื™ 258; ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ืฒึทื˜ 259 ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื˜ ืขืจ, ื“ืขื 
4ื˜ืŸ ื™ื•ื ื™ 1940: "ืื™ืŸ ืœืงื•ื•ืช ืœืžืœื—ืžื” ื›ืœ-ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช"). ืึธื ื”ืฒื™ื‘ 1941 ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืงืœืึธืจ ืึทื– ืกืข 
ื”ืึทืœื˜ ื‘ืฒึท ืึท ื•ื•ืขืœื˜-ืžืœื—ืžื”, ืื•ืŸ ืึทื– ืขืก ื”ืึทื ื“ืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืื™ื ืขืจืœืขื›ืŸ ืืฒื™ืจืึธืคึผืขื™ึดืฉืŸ ืกื›ืกื•ืš. 
ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืžืœื—ืžื” ืื™ื– ืคืึทืงื˜ื™ืฉ ื˜ืึทืงืข ืึท ื•ื•ืขืœื˜-ืžืœื—ืžื”, ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื˜ ืœืžืฉืœ, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืขืจื“ื™ืฉืขืจ 
ืคึผืจืขืกืข ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื•ื ื“, ืขืจืฉื˜ ืขื ื“ืข ื™ืึธืจ 1941 -- ื ืึธืš ื“ืขื ื™ืึทืคึผืึทื ื™ืฉืŸ ืึธื ื’ืจื™ืฃ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึทืžืขืจื™ืงืข (ื–ืข: ื‘ื™ื•ืœืขื˜ื™ืŸ, 
0ื˜ืขืจ ื“ืขืฆืขืžื‘ืจ 1941, ื–' 1- ืื™ ืงืจืžื™ืฉ (1980)). 

ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ืœื™ื“ ื‘ืึทืœืฒึทื›ื˜ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ืžืขื’ืœืขื›ืŸ ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืฐื•ืขืœื˜-ืฉื˜ืจืฒื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ืจืึทืœื˜ ืื™ื 
ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ืœื•ื-ื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ืข ืื•ืŸ ืื’ื“ื”ืฉืŸ ืึทืฉืžื“ืึทื™-ืžืึธื˜ื™ื•ื•, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ืขืจ ืึทืœืฒืŸ ื–ืขื˜ ื‘ื—ื•ืฉ ื•ื™ ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืคืึทืจืงืขืจืคึผืขืจื˜ 
ืคืึทืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ. 

ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื›ื˜ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžืขื’ืœืขื›ืขืจ ื ืฒึทืขืจ ืคึผืขืจืกืคึผืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื•-- ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืึทืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืึธื ืงื•ืžืขื ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ื˜ืึธื˜ืึทืœืขืจ 
ื•ื•ืขืœื˜-ืžืœื—ืžื”, ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ ืคึฟืึทืจืฉื˜ืึทื ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ื’ื•ืจืœ, ืฐืึธืก ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืฆืขื˜ืจื™ื™ืกืœื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืŸ 
ื’ืขืจืึทื ื’ืœ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ืึธืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืœืขื ื“ืขืจ, ื ืึธืจ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ -- ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืฐืขืœื˜ื‘ืึทื ืขืžืขืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืœื™ื“ ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืฆื•ื 
ืขืจื˜ืฉืŸ ืžืึธืœ, ืกืฒึท ื“ืขื ืงืขืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืขื™ืงืจ-ืžืึธื˜ื™ื•ื• ืื™ืŸ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจื“ื™ืงืŸ ืคื ืงืก ื•ื™ื˜ืœ (ื”ื™ื˜ืœืขืจ - ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื•ื™ ืึท 
ืฉืœื™ื— ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงืจื™ืกื˜ืœืขื›ืขืจ ืžืขืจื‘ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ืœื™ื–ืึทืฆื™ืข - ื–ืข: ื›ืชื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื, ืชืฉื›"ื˜, ื–' 157-- 158, 
8- 169, 170), ืื•ืŸ ืกืฒึท ื“ืขื ืงืขืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืคึผืึธืงืึทืœื™ืคึผื˜ื™ืฉืŸ ื‘ืึทื ืขื ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื”ื™ื˜ืœืขืจืก ืจืึธืœืข ื‘ืขืช ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ 
ื•ื•ืขืœื˜-ืžืœื—ืžื” ื›ึผืœืคึผื™ ื“ืขื ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืึธืœืง, ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืึธืจ ืœืขืฆื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืง "ื‘ืžืฆื‘ืื” ื”ืจืืฉื™ืช" ืฐื•ื•ึผ ื”ื™ื˜ืœืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ 
ืื™ื“ืขื ื˜ื™ืคื™ืฆื™ืจื˜ ืฐื•ื™ ืึทืจืžื™ืœื•ืก, ื“ื™ ืื’ื“ื”ืฉืข ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทืœื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืื—ืจื™ืช-ื”ื™ืžื™ื, ืžื™ื˜ ืžืฉื™ื—ืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืึธื ืงื•ืžืขื ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ื’ืื•ืœื” (ื–ืข: ื›ืชื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื, ืชืฉื›"ื˜, ื–' 291). 

ืื™ืŸ ืึธืจื™ื’ื™ื ืึทืœืŸ ืžืึทื ื•ืกืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ื”ื™ื˜ืœืขืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื‘ืฒึทื ืกื•ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ืฉื•ืจื” ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื“, ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ืฐืึธืก ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืฐืึธืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืคืขืœื˜, ืกืฒึท ื•ื™ ืึท ื’ืจืึทื 
ืฆื•ื ืกื•ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืฉื•ืจื” ืื•ืŸ ืกืฒึทื™ ื•ื™ ืึท ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ืฒื˜ืฒืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื”ืึทืœื˜. ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ "ื“ืจื•ืจ" ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ 
ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ืึธืŸ ื“ืขื ืฐืึธืจื˜: ื”ื™ื˜ืœืขืจ. ื ืึธืš ื“ืขืจ ืžืœื—ืžื” ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ืฐืึธืจื˜ ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข ืึธืคึผื“ืจื•ืงืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื“ (ืคึผืึทืจื’ืœืฒึทืš: ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืึธืœื“ืขื ืข ืงื™ื™ื˜, ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืžืึธืœ-- ื–ืข ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคื•ืœืข ืคึผืจื˜ื™ื, 


227 


ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ึดืฉืขืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื“, ืื™ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื, ืชืฉื›"ื˜, ื–' 20). ื™ืฆื—ืง 
ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ืึธืคึผื’ืขื”ื™ื˜ืงืฒื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืกื›ึผื ื”-ื’ืขืคื™ืœ ื‘ืฒึทื ืฉืจืฒึทื™ื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืคืึทืงื˜ ืฐืึธืก 
ื“ืขืจ ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“ ืึทืœืฒืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ ื‘ืฒึท ืื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘, ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื”ื™ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคึผืœื•ืฆื™ืžื“ื™ืงืข ืจืขื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ืขืก 
ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ืขืœื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ. ื•ื™ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืฆื•ืงืขืจืžืึทืŸ ื’ื™ื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ, ื”ืึธื˜ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ ื™ืึธ 
ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ืึทื– ื‘ืฒึทื ื“ืจื•ืงืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืขืจื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืคึผืจืขืกืข ื–ืึธืœ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืคืึทืจืคื•ืœื˜ ืฐืขืจืŸ. ื ืึธืจ 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืึทืŸ ืื•ืžื“ืขืจืฐืึทืจื˜ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจื–ืขืŸ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ืฐืึธืจื˜ ื”ื™ื˜ืœืขืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ. ื ืึธื›ืŸ ืึธืคึผื“ืจื•ืงืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื“ืขืจ ืืฑืกืœืึธื– ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึทื ืขืŸ ืฉื˜ืึทืจืง ืคืึทื“ืจืึธืกืŸ (ื–ืข: ืฆื•ืงืจืžืŸ - ืžื‘ืคื ื™ื, ื™"ื’, ื– 33). 

ืื™ืŸ ื™.ืง. -ืึทืจื›ื™ื•ื•, ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ืœื•ื—ืžื™ ื”ื’ื™ื˜ืื•ืช, ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคืึทืจื”ื™ื˜ ืึทืŸ ืึธืคึผื“ืจื•ืง ืคึฟื•ื ืขื ืœื™ื“, ืฐื•ึผ ื“ืึธืก ืฐืึธืจื˜ 
"ื”ื™ื˜ืœืขืจ" ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจื˜ ื‘ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“. ื“ืขืจ ืึธืคึผื“ืจื•ืง ืื™ื– ืจืขื’ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ืจื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื ื•ืž' 8611/1178. 


ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืฒึทื•ื•ืœ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜... 


ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื—ืœื•ืžื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื’ืกื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜, 

ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขื—ืœื•ืžื˜ |ื”ื™ื˜ืœืขืจืŸ 

"ืื™ืš ื“ืึทืจืฃ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื ื™ื˜, ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ ื ื™ื˜, ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขืœื˜, 

ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ื ืึธืจ ืึท ืžื™ื˜ืœ ืžื™ืจ, ื“ืขืจ ืืฑืกื’ืขืคึผืจื•ึผื•ื•ื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืข ืžืฒึทื ืข ืžื™ื˜ืœืขืŸ. 


"ื›'ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ืจ -- ืฉื˜ื•ื™ื‘ ืึท ืฐืึธืœืงืŸ, ืžื™ื˜ ืžืฒึทื ืข ื’ืจืึธื‘ืข ื˜ืจื™ื˜ - 
ืื•ืŸ ืึทืœืฅ ืคืึทืจืžืึทื›ื˜ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืžื•ื™ืœ ืฆื•ืคืจื™ื“ืŸ, 

ื™ืึธ ื“ื•, ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื•ื™ื‘ ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ืื™ืš ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื˜ 

ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜": ืขืจ ืžื™ื™ื ื˜ ื ืึธืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ! ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ! 


ืขืจ ืžื™ื™ื ื˜ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ื ืึธืจ... ืื™ื– ืžื™ืœื -- ืžืึท!... ืก'ืื™ื– ืึท ื’ืขื™ืขื’ 

ืื•ื™ืฃ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ื’ืึธืจ... ืืฒึท ื“ื™ ืžื™ืœื™ืึธื ืขืŸ ื–ืขืœื ืขืจ? ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืฐืึธืค'ื ื•ื ื’? 

ืื™ื– ืขื˜... "ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืžื™ื˜ ืืฒึทืขืจ ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืง ืคืึทืจื˜ืฑื‘ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ ื“ื™ ืฉืจืขืง, 
ืคืึทืจื™ืึธื’ื˜ ื“ืขื ืžื™ื ื“ืกื˜ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ืคืœ, ืื•ืŸ ืืฒึทื ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื’ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื”ืึธืค'ื ื•ื ื’..." 


ืขืจ ืžื™ื™ื ื˜ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ื ืึธืจ, ืขืจ ืžื™ื™ื ื˜ ื ืืจ ื–ื™ื™, ื ืึธืจ ื–ื™ื™, 
ืขืจ ืžื™ื™ื ื˜ ื“ื™ ืึธืจืขืžืกื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืข, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืœืฒื“ื™ืงืกื˜ืข ืฆื• ืฉืขื ื“ืŸ, 
"ืึทื–ืฑ, ืึทื–ืฑ, ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ื˜ืึทืงืข ืื™ืกื’ืขืงืœื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ืš, ื›ึผื“ื™ 

| ื“ื™ ืืฑื™ื’ืŸ ืื™ืจ, ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜, ื“ืขืจ ื ืึทืจื™ืฉืขืจ ืคืึทืจื‘ืœืขื ื“ืŸ. 


"ืื™ืš ืžื™ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ืš, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื›'ื”ืจื’ืข ื“ื™ืš, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื›'ืฆื™ืœ 
ื“ื™ ืคืฒึทื™ืœ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ืจ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื›'ืฆื™ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืžืขืกืขืจ ืœืึทื ื’ ื“ื™ืš ืฉืขื›ื˜ืŸ, 


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ืื™ืš ืžื™ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ืš, ื ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ืš, ืื™ืš ืžื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜, ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ืœ 
ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ืึทื ืฆืข, ื“ื™ ื ืึทืจื™ืฉืข -- ืคืึทืจืงื ืขื›ื˜ืŸ... 


"ื ืึทืจื™ืฉ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ ืื™ื– ื–ื™... ืึธ, ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ ื‘ื™ื– ื’ืึธืจ, 
ื ืึธืจ ื“ืึธืก ืฐืึธืก ืก'ืœื™ื’ื˜ ื“ื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืœื•ื ื’ ื‘ืจืขื ื’ื˜ ื–ื™ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืฆื•ื ื’ ื ื™ื˜, 
ื–ื™ ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื“ืึธืก ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ื“ื™ืจ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืš, ื–ื™ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืงืœืึธืจ, 

ื–ื™ ืคืึธื ืคืขื˜... ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืคึผืขืก ืฐืึธืก ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืžืขืจ ืคืึทืจืฉืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ. 


"ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืคืฒึทื ื˜ ื“ื™ืš, ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ื“ื™ืš ืคื™ื™ื ื˜! 
ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื–ื™ ืžื™ื˜ ืžืฒื™ืŸ 'ื”ื•ืจืึท ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ' ืฆื•ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธืคืŸ - 
ืฐื™ ืึท ื™ืขื–ืฑึทื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืึธืœืง -- ืึทืžืึธืœ, ืฐื™ ืึท ืžืœื•ื›ื”-ืžืึทืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜, 
ื“ืึธืก ืฐืึธืก ื’ืขื”ื™ื™ื ื‘ืึทื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ -- ืื™ื– ื‘ืฒึท ืžื™ืจ ืึธืคืŸ. 


"ืื™ืš ื–ืึธื’ ืื™ื ืคืจืฒึทื™ ืึทืจืฑืก, ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ื’ืขื”ื™ื™ืžืกื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืŸ, ื“ืขื ืฐื•ึผื ื˜ืฉ, 
ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ื›'ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก ืžื™ื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืžืขืŸ ืงืึธืŸ ื–ื™ ื ืขืžืขืŸ! 
ืคืึทืจ ื–ื™ื™! ืคืึทืจ ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื’ืขืžื™ืฉื˜ ื“ืขื ื”ื™ื™ืกืŸ ืคึผื•ื ื˜ืฉ: 

ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื˜ืขืจืŸ ื“ืขื ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืื™ื™ืš, ืคืึทืจืฉืขืžืขืŸ ืืฒึทืš, ืคึผืึทืจืฉืขืžืขืŸ... 


ื•ื™} ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขืžื™ืฉื˜ ื“ืขื ืคึผื•ื ื˜ืฉ, ื’ืขืžื™ืฉื˜ ืื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืก ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึทืจืง, 
ื“ืขืจืœืึทื ื’ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ื“ืขื ื’ืขื˜ืจืึทื ืง: ื–ื•ื™ืคื˜, ื–ืึธืจื’ืœืึธื–ืข, ืื•ืŸ ืฉื™ื›ึผื•ืจื˜ ! 
ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ื›ึผืœื•ืžืจืฉื˜, ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ, ืืฒึทืš - ื’ืขื‘ืจืึธื›ืŸ ืœืขื ื“ ืื•ืŸ ืงืึทืจืง - 

ืึธ ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ, ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ ื’ืึธืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ ื‘ืฒึท ืžื™ืจ ื“ืขืจ ืขื™ืงืจ! 


"ื“ืขืจ ืขื™ืงืจ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜... ืื™ืจ - ื ืึธืจ ืึท ืคึผืจื•ึผื•ื•, ืžื™ื˜ ืืฒึทืš - 
ืžื™ื˜ ืืฒึทืขืจ ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืง ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืื™ืš ื’ืึทื ืฅ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ืคืึทืจื™ืึธื›ืŸ, 

ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืืฒึทืขืจ ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืง, ืึธืจืขื ื•ื•ื™ืœืŸ ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืจืฒึทืš - 

ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜! ืขืก ืฐื•ื™ืœ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ืืฒื™ืš ื–ืขืŸ ืฆืขืฉืœืึธื’ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฆืขื‘ืจืึธื›ืŸ. 


ืื™ืš ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ ืึธ, ืื™ืš ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ ื’ื•ื˜... ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื“ 
ืึท ื‘ืจื•ื“ืขืจ ืืฒึทืขืจืŸ, ืึท ื™ื™ึดื“ ื•ื™ ืื™ืจ -- ืฆื• ื“ื™ื ืขืŸ; 
ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืœื™ื‘ืข ืฆื•ื ื’ืขืงืจืฒึทืฆื™ืงื˜ืŸ, ื“ืขื ื™ื™ื“ -- 
ื˜ืจืึธื’ื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ืœืขื‘ืขื“ื™ืงืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ ืึท ืฉื‚ื™ื ืื”. 


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"ืื™ืš ื“ื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื™ื™ึดื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืœื™ืœ ื ื™ื˜, ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ืš, ื ื™ื˜ ืžืฒึทื ืข ืœืฒึทื˜, 
ืฆื™ ื“ืึทืจืฃ ืื™ืš ื“ืขืŸ ืึทืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื™ืงืŸ ืžืึธืœ ืขืก ืืฒึทืš ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœืŸ? 
ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื–ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื‘ืข ืฆื• ืึท ื™ื™ื“ ื‘ืึทืคึผืจืฒึทื˜ - 
ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืึทืคึผืจืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืึทืก ืฆื• ืื™ื ื‘ืžื™ืœื... 


"ื ื™ื˜ ืžืขืจ... ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืึท ืžื™ื™ืŸ! ื–ืขื˜, ืฐื™ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ื‘ืึทื“ืึทื ืงื˜ 
ืžืฒึทืŸ ื™ืขื“ืข ื‘ื™ื™ื– ืฐืึธืก ื›'ื˜ื• ืžื™ื˜ ืืฒึทืš ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืจ'ืขืจื“ - ื“ืึธ - 
ื“ืึธืก ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืš ื˜ื• ืžื™ื˜ ืืฒึทื™ืš ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ืฐืึธืก ื–ื™ ืคืึทืจืœืึทื ื’ื˜, 

ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ืš, ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ืš - ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜! ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืžืขืจื“ืขืจ. 


"ืึท ืฉืคึผื™ืœ ืึทื–ืึท ืคืึทืจ ื’ืึธืจ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜, ืฐืึธืก ื ืึทืจื™ืฉ ืื™ื– ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืœื™ื ื“ - 

ืึท ืฉืคึผื™ืœ ืึธืŸ ืจื™ื–ื™ืงืึธ... ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืืฒึทื ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืงืึธืŸ ื ืึธืจ ืืฒึทืš, ืืฒึทืš ื˜ืึทืงืข! 
ืึท ืฉืฐืึทื›ืข ืงืึธืจื˜, ืึทืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืจืขื›ื ื˜ืข ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ืžืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื ื˜... 

ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืžื™ื˜ ืืฒึทื™ืš ืคืึทืจื˜ืฉืึทืงืขื˜ ืื™ื, ืžืฒึทื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื–ืึทืฐื™ ืคืึทืจื˜ืฉืึทืงืขื˜... 


("} ื“ื™ ืฉืคึผื™ืœ ืื™ื– ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ... ื“ืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ืืฒึทืš, ื ืึธืจ ืืฒึทืš, 
ืืฒึทืš ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ื ืึธืจ ืึทืจืฑืคื’ืขืœืึธื–ืŸ ืึทืœืข ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืกืฆืขื ืข - 
ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ืจ ื’ืขืคึผืฒึทื ื™ืงื˜ ืึธืจืขื, ื’ืขื”ืึทื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื ืขืŸ: ืจืฒึทืš - 
ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขื˜ืฒึทื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื’ืึธืจ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ื˜ ื’ืึธืจ ื™ืขื ืข... 


"ืžื™ื˜ ืืฒึทืขืจ ืงืึธื›ื™ืง ื‘ืœื•ื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื‘ืึทืฉืžื™ืจื˜ ื“ื™ ืจืึธื“, 
ื’ืขื“ืจื™ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืงืึทืจื•ืกืขืœ, ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื ืข - 

ื™ืขืฆื˜ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืึทืคื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื™ื ื˜: ื’ืขื”ืึธืœืคืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื’ืึธื˜, 
ืžืฒึทืŸ ื’ืึธื˜, ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฉื˜ืึทืจืงืขืจ ื’ืึธื˜: ื“ื™ ืฐืขืœื˜ ืื™ื– ืึท ืจืฑึทื ืข!" - 


ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื—ืœื•ืžื˜ ื–ื™ืš... ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื—ืœื•ืžื˜, ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ 
ืฐืึทื›ืขืจื”ืฒื˜ ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ืื™ื, ืื™ื ืึธื ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜, ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ืื™ื - 
ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืฆื•ื’ืขืžืึทื›ื˜ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ, ืึทืจืึธืคึผื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ื“ืขื ืงืึธืคึผ - 

ืึธื˜ ืื™ื– ืขืจ, ืึทืฉืžื“ืึทื™... ืื•ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืฐืึทืจืฉืข ื“ืึธ, ื“ืขืจ ื’ื™ื”ื ื•ื. 


ื.ืœ. 


230 


ืึทืจื™ื™ื™ื ืคื™ืจ 15 


ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ืฉืข ื“ืจืึทืžืข, ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืœื•ื˜ ืึทืœืข ื“ืขื•ืช -- ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ, ืื™ืŸ 
ื™ืึธืจ 1941. ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืขืก ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคืึทืจืึทืŸ. ืœื•ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืฉืขืจื” ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืคื•ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ื™ื 
ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื, ืชืฉื›"ื˜, ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืึท ื’ืขื ื•ื™ืขืจืข ื“ืึทื˜ืข: ืฉื‘ื˜-ืื“ืจ ืชืฉ"ื 2 11 ื˜ืขืจ ื™ืึทื ื•ืึทืจ -- 20ื˜ืขืจ ืžืขืจืฅ 
41. | 

ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ "ื˜ืึธื’-ื‘ื•ืš ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ" ืคืึทืจืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื˜ ื”ืœืœ ื–ืฒึทื“ืžืึทืŸ ืึทืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึทื˜ืข: ืชืฉืจื™ ืชึผืฉ"ื‘ 
2ื˜ืขืจ ืกืขืคึผื˜ืขืžื‘ืขืจ-- 12ื˜ืขืจ ืึธืงื˜ืึธื‘ืขืจ 1941 6 (ื–ืข: ื–ื™ึทื™ื“ืžืึทืŸ, ื–ื– 213). ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืข ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึธื ื ืขืžืœืขืš: 
(ื) ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืคื™ืœ ืกืชึผื™ืจื•ืช ืฐืึธืก ืžืข ื’ืขืคื™ื ื˜ ื‘ืฒึท ื–ืฒึทื“ืžืึทื ืขืŸ ื‘ื›ืœืœ, (ืคืึทืจื’ืœืฒึทืš: ื”ืขืจืฉ ืฐืึทืกืขืจ, ื‘ืœืขื˜ืขืจ ืคืึทืจ 
ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข, ื‘ืึทื ื“ 1, ื™ืึทื ื•ืึทืจ-ืžืขืจืฅ 1948, ื”ืขืคื˜ 1, ื–ื™ 186 -- 197); (ื‘) ื•ื™ ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืกืชึผื™ืจื•ืช ืฐืึธืก ืžื™ืจ 
ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ ื‘ืฒึท ืื™ื ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ื™. ืงืึทื ืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก "ืขืœ ื ื”ืจื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืœ". ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ืึทื– ื™ื™ืง. ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ื“ืจืึทืžืข 
ืคืึธืจื’ืขืœื™ื™ืขื ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึทืŸ ืึธืฐื•ื ื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ (!); ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ืขืจ ืึทื– ื™ื™ืง. ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื 9 ื˜ืŸ 
ืึธืงื˜ืึธื‘ืขืจ 1942, ื ืึธื›ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ, ื’ืขื–ื•ื›ื˜ ืึธืคึผืจืึทื˜ืขืฐืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืจืึทืžืข ื‘ืึทื’ืจืึธื‘ื ื“ื™ืง ืขืก ืื™ืŸ ืงืขืœืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืงื”ื™ืœื”- 
ืึทืจื›ื™ื•ื• (ื–ืข ื“ืึธืจื˜, ื–' 147), ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืœืžืขืฉื‚ื” ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืจืึทืžืข ืœืึทื ื’ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ืึทื’ืจืึธื‘ืŸ ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข 
ื›ืชื‘ื™ื ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืึทืจืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืึธืจื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืึทืจื›ื™ื•ื• ืคื•ืŸ "ื“ืจื•ืจ", ืื™ืŸ ืงืขืœืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ื– ืื•ื™ืฃ 
ื“ื–ื™ืขืœื ืึท 34 (ื–ืข: ื›ืชื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื, ืชืฉื›"ื˜, ื–ื™ 363). 

ืœื•ื™ื˜ืŸ ื”ืฑืคึผื˜ืžืึธื˜ื™ื•ื• ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืจืึทืžืข-- ื“ื™ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืข ื’ืฒึทืกื˜ื™ืงืข ืœืึทื’ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืœื™ื˜ื™ื ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืคึผืึทืจื˜ืจื™ื‘ืŸ 
ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ื”ืฒึทื–ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืฐื•ื™ื ืขืจื˜ืขืจ, ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจื’ืœืฒึทื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจืฆืฒึทื˜ื™ืงืข ื’ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืขืชืŸ ื’ืœื•ืช-ื™ื”ื•ื™ื›ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขื ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ -- ืงืขืŸ ืžืขืŸ ืึธื ื ืขืžืขืŸ, ืึทื– ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืึธื ื”ืฒื™ื‘ 1941 ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืžืขื’ืœืขื›ืข ืฆืฒึทื˜ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืจืึทืžืข ืื™ื– 
ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ, ืึธื“ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืฆื• ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ื–ื™ ื‘ืึทืฆื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš. 

ื“ื™ ื“ืจืึทืžืข ืื™ื– ืึธืคึผื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื ืึธืš ื“ืขืจ ืžืœื—ืžื” ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื•ื›ืคืึธืจื ืื™ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ ืชืฉื›"ื–-- 1967 , ืึทืจืฑืกื ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ 
ืคื•ืŸ "ื“ื™ ื’ืึธืœื“ืขื ืข ืงื™ื™ื˜" ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ืœื•ื—ืžื™ ื”ื’ื™ื˜ืื•ืช. ืคืจื™ึดืขืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ: ื“ื™ ื’ืึธืœื“ืขื ืข ืงื™ื™ื˜, 1966, 
ื ื•ืž' 55, 56. ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืจืึทืžืข ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืžืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื ืข, ืฐื•ื™ ืกืฆืขื ื™ืฉืขืจ 
ืžืึทื˜ืขืจื™ืึทืœ ืคืึทืจืŸ ืจืขืคึผืขืจื˜ื•ืึทืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ืจืึทืžืงืจืฒึทื–: ื–ืข ื“ื™ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ืฆืึธืœ ืกืฆืขื ื™ืฉืข ืึธื ืฐืฒึทื–ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ื•ื™ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ื™ 
ื’ืจืึทืคื™ืฉืข ืคืึทืจืฆื™ื™ื›ืขื ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื–ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื ืข-- ืื™ืŸ ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“ -- ื‘ืฒึทื ืึธื ื”ืฒื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืจื™ื˜ืŸ 
ืึทืงื˜. ืื™ืŸ ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืกื–ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื ืข ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ืึธืจ ื’ืขืฉื™ืœื“ืขืจื˜ ื ืึธืจ ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืจืึทืคึผื™ืฉ ืึธื ื’ืขืฆื™ื™ื›ื ื˜ (ื–ืข 
ืคืึทืงืกื™ืžื™ืœื™ืขืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–' 295); ืกืฆืขื ืขืก ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื›ืึธืจืขืึธื’ืจืึทืคื™ืฉ ื’ืขืคื•ืจืขืžื˜ (ื–ืข: ืขืœ ื ื”ืจื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืœ, ื–ื™ 22, 
ืื•ืŸ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ื“ืึธ, ื–ื™ 234, 249). ื“ื™ ืึทืœืข ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ืŸ, ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคื™ืœ ืจืขืคึผืœื™ืงืขืก ืœืขื ื’-ืื•ื™ืก ืึทืœืข ืคื™ืจ 
ืึทืงื˜ืŸ, ืคื™ืจืŸ ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ ืึท ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ืžืึธืก ื˜ืขืึทื˜ืขืจ-ื—ืŸ. ืึท ื›ืึทืจืึทืงื˜ืขืจื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ื”ืฑื™ืคึผื˜ืฉื˜ืจื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื–ืึท ืคึผืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ 
ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื“ื™ ืจืฒึทื›ืข ื‘ืึทืฐืขื’ื•ื ื’ ืืฑืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืกืฆืขื ืข, ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ื ืคื•ืœืŸ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืฉืึทืคื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึทื–ืฑ ืึทืจื•ื ืึท 
ืฉืœืžื•ืชื“ื™ืง ื˜ืขืึทื˜ืขืจ-ืฐืขืจืง. 

ื“ื™ ื“ืจืึทืžืข ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื ืกื•ืฃ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคืึธืจื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ, (ื–ืข ืื™ืŸ ืึทืจืฒึทื ืคื™ืจ ืฆื• ืขืœ ื ื”ืจื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืœ) ื”ื’ื ืขืก 
ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืžืึทื›ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขื ืฆื•ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ (ื–ืข: ื“ื™ ื’ืึธืœื“ืขื ืข ืงื™ื™ื˜, 1966, ื ื•ืž' 55, ื–ื™ 5. ื–ืข ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ 
ื™ืฆื—ืง ืฆื•ืงืขืจืžืึทื ืก ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ืŸ-ื•ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ืฉืึทืคืŸ: ื™.ืง.-ืึทืจื›ื™ื•ื•, ื‘ื™ืช ืœื•ื—ืžื™ ื”ื’ื™ื˜ืื•ืช 
7)). ื“ื™ ื“ืจืึทืžืข ืื™ื– ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื™ืึธ ืคืึธืจื’ืขืœื™ื™ืขื ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื‘ืฒึท ืคืึทืจืฉืฒื™ื“ืขื ืข ื’ืขืœืขื’ื ื”ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ, ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื›ื˜ืขืจ 
ืึทืœืฒืŸ: ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธืžื•ื ืข ืคื•ืŸ "ื“ืจื•ืจ" -- ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื–ื™ืขืœื ืึท 4 -- ืคืึทืจ ืึท ื’ืจื•ืคึผืข ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืื•ืŸ ืคืจืฒึทื ื“: ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจ ื“ื™ 


231 


ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื•ื’ื ื˜-ื‘ืึทื•ื•ืขื’ื•ื ื’ "ื’ื•ืจื“ื•ื ื™ื”", ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื”ื•ื™ื– ืื•ื™ืฃ ื ืึทืœืขืฐืงื™ 23 (ื–ืข: ืื™ืŸ ืึทืจืฒึทื ืคื™ืจ ืฆื• ืขืœ 
ื ื”ืจื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืœ, ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืฒึท: ืขืง, (ืชืฉ"ืš), ื–ื™ 201. ื–ืข ืื•ื™ืš ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ, ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืึทืจืฒึทื ืคื™ืจ ืฆื• "ืื™ื•ื‘", ื ื•ืž' 24). 

ื“ืขืจ ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืจืึทืžืข ืึทื ื˜ื”ืึทืœื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ 150 ื”ืึทืœื‘-ืคืึทืจืคืฑืœื˜ืข ื–ืฒึทื˜ืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื™ืกื•ื“ ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ืืฑืกื’ืึทื‘ืข ืคึฟื•ืŸ "ื“ื™ ื’ืึธืœื“ืขื ืข ืงื™ื™ื˜" ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ืœื•ื—ืžื™ ื”ื’ื™ื˜ืื•ืช. ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืื™ืฆื˜ื™ืงืขืจ 
ืืฑืกื’ืึทื‘ืข ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื ืฒึท ื“ืขืฉื™ืคืจื™ืจื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ. ืขืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืึทื–ืฑ ืึทืจื•ื ื“ืขืฉื™ืคืจื™ืจื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื ืึธืš 
ืึท ื”ื™ืคึผืฉืข ืฆืึธืœ ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืœืึธื–ืŸ ืฆื™ ืคืึทืจื’ืจืฒึทื–ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืคืจื™ืขืจื“ื™ืงืข ืื•ื™ืกื’ืึทื‘ืขืก, 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจืŸ ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ืŸ ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืึทื ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืฉืฐืขืจื˜ ื“ืขื ืคึผื™ื ืงื˜ืœืขื›ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืฉืจืฒื™ื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืงื•ืจ. 
ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจืก ืื™ื– ืงืึธืจืขื’ื™ืจื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ื•ืึทืฆื™ืข ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื ื•ื’ ืึธืคึผื ืขื”ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืขืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ 
ืึทืจืฒึทื ื’ืขื‘ืจืึทื›ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืึท ืกืš ืชึผื™ืงื•ื ื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ืขืงืกื˜, ืœื•ื™ื˜ืŸ ืžืงื•ืจ ืื™ืŸ ื›ึผืชื‘-ื”ื™ื“, | 

ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ืฐืึธืก "ืขืœ ื ื”ืจื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืœ" ืื™ื– ืึท ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืข ื“ืจืึทืžืข ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื“ืขืจ ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ื•ื˜ ื–ื™ 
ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืกืžืš ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืœืขื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึทื˜ืžืึธืกืคืขืจ, ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ืคึผืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืึทื˜ื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืœื•ืช-ื‘ื‘ืœ ืื•ืŸ ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ- 
ื‘ื™ืช-ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ, ืคื•ืจืขืžื˜ ืขืจ ืึธื‘ึถืขืจ ืื•ื™ืก ื“ืขื ืื™ื ื”ืึทืœื˜ ืึทื–ืฑ ืึทื– ืขืก ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึท ืคึผืึทืจืึทืœืขืœ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื™ืขื ืขืจ 
ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ืชึผืงื•ืคื” ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืขืŸ, ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ืคึผืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึทื˜ืžืึธืกืคืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืœื•ืช-ืคึผืฑืœืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ-ืื™ื™ืจืึธืคึผืข. ื“ืึธืก 
ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขื ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืขืœื‘ืกื˜ืžืึธืจื“, ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืึทื•ืžืข ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ, ืฐื™ ืื•ื™ืš ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข ืึทืงื˜ื•ืขืœืข 
ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืขืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื ืึทืฆื™-ืชึผืงื•ึนืคึฟื” -- ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืึทืงื˜ื•ืขืœืข ืึธื ืฆื•ื–ืขืจืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืœืึธื–ืŸ ื–ื™ืš 
ื‘ื•ืœื˜ ืคื™ืœืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึทืคื™ืœื• ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืžืข ืื™ื– ืึท ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉ-ื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ืฉืข. 

ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืคึฟืึธืŸ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืฉื•ืชืคื•ืชื“ื™ืงืข ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืขืŸ ืฐื•ืขืจืŸ|ืึทืจืฑืกื’ืขื‘ืจืึทื›ื˜ ืื™ืŸ "ืขืœ ื ื”ืจื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืœ" ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืื‘ื™ืงืข 
ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ื˜ืขืžืขืก, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืึทืฐืขืงื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฆืขื ื˜ืขืจ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืจืึทืžืึทื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ื”ืึทื ื“ืœื•ื ื’: (ื) ื“ืขืจ ืžื”ื•ืช 
ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขื ื‘ื•ื ื“ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืึธืœืง ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื™ืŸ ืœืึทื ื“, (ื‘) ื“ื™ ืงืฐืึทืœื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืกืึธืจื˜ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึธืœืงืก ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ-ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ 
ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืœืึทื ื“. ื›ึผื“ื™ ืื•ื™ืคืงืœืขืจืŸ ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืข ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื ืคืจื™ืกื˜ืŸ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ื“ืจืึทืžืข ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ, ื“ืึทืจืฃ 
ืžืขืŸ ื‘ืึทื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืŸ ื“ืขื ืึทืจืฑืกื’ืขืจื•ืคืขื ืขื ืคึผืึทืจืึทืœืขืœ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ "ืคึผืœื™ื˜ื™ื" ืื•ืŸ "ื’ื•ืœื™ื", ื“ื•ืจื›ืŸ ืœื™ื“ "ื‘ืฒึท ื“ื™ ื˜ืฒึทื›ืŸ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืœ" ืฐืึธืก ืขืคื ื˜ ื“ื™ ื”ืึทื ื“ืœื•ื ื’ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืจืึทืžืข: 

ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ 1941 ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžืึทืกืŸ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืขื˜ืœืขืš ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืŸ ืžืขืจื‘-ืžืึทื–ืึธืฐื™ืข. ืขืก 
ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืจืขื›ื ื˜ ืึทื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื“ืึทืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ: 130.000 ืคึผืœื™ื˜ื™ื (ื–ืข: ืงืจืงื•ื‘ืกืงื™ 
(ืชืฉืœ"ื’), ื–ื™ 527). ื“ืขืจ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ "ื’ื•ืœื™ื" ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืึทืฆืฒื›ื ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคึผืœื™ื˜ื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืžื›ึผื•ื— ื“ืขืจ ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ืขืจ 
ืึทืกืึธืฆื™ืึทืฆื™ืข ืฐืึธืก ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจืฐื•ืขืงื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืขืจ ืชึผืงื•ืคื” ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืœื•ืช-ื‘ื‘ืœ, ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ืึธืจ ื‘ืฒึท ื™ืฆื—ืง 
ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืขืŸ. ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืึธื’ื‘ื™ื›ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜, ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜. ื—.ื. 
ืงืึทืคึผืœืึทืŸ ืฉืจืฒื™ื‘ื˜ ืึทื–ืฑ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ื‘ื•ืš, ื“ืขื 31ื˜ืŸ ื™ืึทื ื•ืึทืจ 1941: "ื“ืขืจ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜, ื ืขื›ื˜ืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ืขืจื ืขื›ื˜ืŸ, ื“ื™ ื’ื•ืœื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืจื•ืฉืงืึธืฐ, ืฐืœืึธื›ื™, ืงืึทืจื˜ืฉืขืฐื• ืื•ืŸ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืึทืœืข ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข ืฉื˜ืขื˜ืœืขืš ืึทืจื•ื 
ืฐืึทืจืฉืข ื•ื™ ื–ื™ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ ืฆืขืฐืฒื™ื˜ืึธื’ื˜ืข ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืžืึทื˜ืขืจื˜ืข, ื”ื•ื ื’ืขืจื™ืงืข ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืจืฉื˜ื™ืงืข, ืคืึทืจื’ืœื™ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 
ืงืขืœื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืคึผืฒึทื ื™ืงื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ - ื“ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืœื•ืช ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ. 
ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธืคืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืึทืœื™ื™ืŸ ื ืึธืš ืคื™ื–ื™ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ื’ื™ึทื™ืกื˜ื™ืง ื ื™ืฉื˜ 
ืึธื ื’ืขืจื™ืจื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ; ื“ื™ ื’ื•ืœื™ื ืึทืœืฒืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืึทื ื˜ืžื•ื˜ื™ืงื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืขื“ื•ืœื“. 
ืฐืึธืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ืชึผื”ื•ืžื™ืงืข ืจืขื–ื™ื’ื ืึทืฆื™ืข ืื™ื– ื–ื™ ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขื“ืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืฉืขืคึผื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ื’ืขืคื™ืœืŸ, ืคืึทืจื˜ืขืžืคึผื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ 
ืคื™ืœื‘ืึทืจืงื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจื—ื•ืฉื›ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคื•ื ืงืขืŸ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื”ืึธืคึผืขื ื•ื ื’ ืฐืึธืก ื˜ืœื™ืขืŸ ื‘ืฒึท ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืขื“ื™ืงืŸ ื ืคืฉ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ... 
ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ื“ืจืฒึท ื˜ืฑื–ื ื˜ ื ืฒึทืข ื’ื•ืœื™ื" (ื–ืข: ืงืคืœืŸ, ื–ื™ 434- ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ 
ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขืฉื˜ืจืึธื›ืŸ). ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืœื™ื˜ื™ื ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ืจื•ืคื˜ ืึธืŸ ื’ื•ืœื™ื, ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ื˜ืึธื’ื‘ื•ืš (ื–ืข: ื–ื– 449-- 455, 458.- 459, 462-- 463, 473 - 474) ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ื—ื–ืจื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื ืึธืš ืึทื ืึทื ื“ ื“ื™ 


232 


ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ: "ื•ื•ืขืจ ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ื•ืœื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืฆืขืจ, ื“ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืœื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ 
ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ..... ื•ื• ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืžืงื•ื ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื–ืึธืœ ื‘ืึทืฐื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื‘ืจืึธืš {ื“ืขืจ ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ื•ืœื™ื} ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืฐื™ ื“ืขืจ + 
ื™ื?" (ื“ืึธืจื˜, ื–ื™ 451), ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ื‘ื•ืš ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ืงืึทืคึผืœืึทืŸ ื“ืขื ืคึผืึทืจืึทืœืขืœ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืœื•ืช ืื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืจื•ืงืขื ืข ื‘ื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืกืคืจ ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ (ื“ืึธืจื˜, ื–' 434), ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ 
ืคืึทืจึผืขื ื“ื™ืงื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื“ืจืึทืžืข "ืขืœ ื ื”ืจื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืœ" ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืกื™ื•ื ืคื•ืœ ืžื™ื˜ ื”ืึธืคืขื ื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคื˜. 

ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืึทื‘ืจื”ื ืœืขื•ื•ื™ื ืก ื˜ืึธื’ื‘ื•ืš ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ-ืชึผืงื•ืคื” ืคืึทืจื’ืœื™ื›ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจืฆืฒึทื˜ื™ืงืข ืชึผืงื•ืคื•ืช ืคื•ืŸ ืืฉื•ืจ 
ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืœ, ืฐืฒึทืœ ืกืฒึท ื“ืึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืกืฒึท ื‘ืขืช ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ืฐืขืœื˜-ืžืœื—ืžื” ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฉื‚ื•ื ืื™ื ืคืึทืจืžืึธืกื˜ืŸ 
ืืฑืกืฆื•ึผืฐืึธืจืฆืœืขืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฆืข ืคืขืœืงืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ื”ื™ื™ืžืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ ืึทืฐืขืงืฉืœืฒึทื“ืขืจืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืข ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช (ื–ืข: ืœื•ื™ืŸ, 
ื–' 41). ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืฉื™ื™ื“ ืคื•ืŸ "ืคึผืœื™ื˜ื™ื" ื‘ื™ื– "ื’ื•ืœื™ื", ืฐืึธืก ื“ืขืจืžืขื’ืœืขื›ื˜ ื“ืขื ืื•ื™ืคืฉื˜ื™ื™ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืข 
ืึทืกืึธืฆื™ืึทืฆื™ืขืก ืื™ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ื‘ืึทืฐื•ึผืกื˜ื–ืฒึทืŸ, ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ ืข. ืจื™ื ื’ืขืœื‘ืœื•ื: ".... ื“ื™ ืคึผืœื™ื˜ื™ื ืื•ืŸ ื’ื•ืœื™ื (ืึท ื ืฒึท ืฐืึธืจื˜ 
ืึธื ื’ืขืฐืขื ื“ื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ื—' ืœื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืึทืœืก ืงืขื’ื ื–ืึทืฅ ืฆื•ื ืฐืึธืจื˜ ืคึผืœื™ื˜ื™ื. ื“ื™ ื’ื•ืœื™ื ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ื’ืขื‘ืจืึทื›ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ 
ืฐืึทืจืฉืข ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืคืจืฒื™ื•ื•ื™ืœื™ืง ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ืคึผืœื™ื˜ื™ื....)" (ื–ืข: ืจื™ื ื’ืขืœื‘ืœื•ื, 11, ื–ื™ 165). 

ื“ืขืจ ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“ ืคื•ืŸ "ืขืœ ื ื”ึผืจื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืœื™ื™ ื’ืขืคื™ื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื™.ืง. -ืึทืจื›ื™ื•ื• ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ืœื•ื—ืžื™ ื”ื’ื™ื˜ืื•ืช, ืจืขื’ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ืจื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ 
ื ื•ืž' 811/1020 ืื•ืŸ 1:11/1021, 


ืขืœ ื ื”ืจื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืœ 
ื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ืฉืข ืคึผืึธื–ืœืงืก-ื˜ืจืึทื’ืขื“ื™ืข 
ืื™ืŸ ืคื™ืจ ืึทืงื˜ืŸ 


ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืึทืงื˜ 
ื“ื™ ืึธื ื˜ื™ื™ืœ-ื ืขืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืขืจืฉืŸื˜ืŸ ืึทืงื˜ืŸ 
ืงื•ึนืœึฐื™ึธื” ื“ืขืจ ืคืึธื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื•ื™ืจื•ื ืฉืœื™ืžื–ืขืจ ืžื•ืฉืคึผื–ึทื—ื” { } ืึท ื–ืงืŸ 
ืึทื‘ื™ื’ื™ืœ 
ื—ืžื•ื˜ืœ 
ืงื•ืœื™ื”ืก ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ 
ื—ื•ืœื“ื” 
ืฉึธืื‘ึฐื ึธื โ€ 
ืฆืคื ื™ื” ืึท ื™ื•ื ื’ืขืจ ื™ื™ึทื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื 
ืขืžื™ื”ื•ื“ 
ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ืžืขืจ ืืฒื™ื ื•ื•ื™ื ืขืจ, ื‘ืึทืฐืึทื›ืŸ ({ื“ืขื} ื‘ืจืขื’ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื˜ืฒึทืš {"ื–ืคึผืจืช" 
ื—ืœืงื™ื” ืึทื›ืŸ {ึทื“ืขื ื‘ืจืขื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืฒึทืš "ื–ืคึผืจืช 


233 


ื ืขืžื” 
ืฉืœื•ืžื™ืช 


ืฉืžืขื™ื” ื”ื ื—ืœืžื™ 


ื•ืขืžื–ื™ื”ื•ื“ 


ืฉื‘ื ื 


ื•ืึทืœืขืŸ 


ืฆืคื ื™ื” 


ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืคืจื•ื™ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื•ื˜ืขื–ืจ ื’ืจื•ืคึผืข ื’ื•ืœื™ื. 


ืจืขื›ื˜ืก ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ื ืงืก ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื•ืฉื•ื™ืขืจ 


ืงื•ืœื™ื” 
ื—ืžื•ื˜ืœ ืฉื‘ื ื 


ืื‘ื™ื’ื™ืœ 
ื—ื•ืœื“ื” 


ื—ืœืงื™ื” 
(ื ืึธืš ืื™ื™ื“!ืขื–ึทืจ ื“ืขืจ {ืคืึธืจื”ืึทื ื’ ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ, ืฉืคึผื™ืœื˜ ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื”ืึทืจืคืข ื“ืขื ืึธื ื•ึทื”ื™ื™ื‘ 
ื ื”ื–ืจื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืœ-ืžืขืœืึธื“ื™ืข) 


(ื–ื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืจื™ืง) 


ื’{ืขื™ื–ืึธื•ึฐื’ื˜ืขืŸ, ื’ืขืคึผืœืึธื’ื˜ืข, 
ื“ื™ ื”ืขืจืฆืขืจ ื’ืขื‘ืจืึธื›ืŸ - 
ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืฆื• ื‘ื‘ืœืก 
ื•ึทื˜ืฒึทื™ื›ื–ืŸ ื“ืขืจืงืจืึธื›ืŸ... 


ืคืึทืจืฉืขืžื˜ืขืŸ,} ืฆืขืงืœืขืžื˜ืข, 
ืžื™ื˜ ื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืจ-ื’(ืขื–!ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ - 
ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืฆื• ื‘ื‘ืœืก 
ื˜ืฒึทื›ืŸ ื“ืขืจื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ... 


ื’ืขืœืึธื–ืŸ ืึท ืžืึทืžืขืŸ, 
ืึทืŸ ืขืœื ื˜ืข, ื•ื•ื™ืกื˜ืข, 
ืึธ, ืžืึทืžืขื ื™ื• ืฆื™ื•ืŸ, 
ืฐื•ึผ ื‘ื™ืกื˜ื•? ืฐื•ึผ ื‘ื™ืกื˜ื•? 


ืฆื™ ื–ืขืกื˜ื• ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืฒื˜ืึธื’, 


234 


ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ 


ืงื•ืœื™ื” 


ืึทื‘ื™ื’ื™ืœ 
ื—ืžื•ื˜ืœ 


ืฉื‘ื ื 
ืฆืคื ื™ื” 
ืึทื‘ื™ื’ื™ืœ 
ื—ืžื•ื˜ืœ 
ืงื•ืœื™ื” 


ื•ื–ืขืžื™ื”ื•ื“ืŸ 


ื•ืฆืคื ื™ื”} 


ื“ืขื ืฆืขืจ, ื“ืขื ืฉื˜ื•ืžืขืŸ? 
ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืฆื• ื‘ื‘ืœืก 
ื˜ืฒึทื›ืŸ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ... 


ืึธ, ื˜ืฒึทื›ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืœ! 

ืึธ, ืžืขื›ื˜ื™ืงืข ื˜ืฒึทื›ืŸ! 

ืฆื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืง, 
ืฆื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืœืฒึทื›ืŸ? 


ื ืขืžื˜ ืฐืึทืกืขืจืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–! 
ืžื™ืจ ืฉื•ื•ื™ืžืขืŸ ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ - 
ืคืึทืจื˜ืจืึธื’ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืฐืฒื™ื˜ืึธื’ 
ืžื™ื˜ ืืฒึทื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ืž{ืขื–ืŸ! 


(ืื™ืŸ ื”ืขืœืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ืื•ื™ื–} ื’ื ืขืฉื˜ื–ืึทืŸื ืขื–ื– ื“ื™ ื’ืึทื•ื ื–ืฆืข { | 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขื ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ืงื•ืœื™ื”, { ! 

ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืคึผื ื™ื ืฆื•ื ื˜ืฒึทืš - ืขืจ (ืฉืคึผ}ืจื™ื ืŸื’ื˜ ืคึผืœื•ื–ืฆืœื™ืŸืก} ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ ื•ืื™ื–ืŸ ื•ึทื•ื•ืึทืกืขืจ} ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื“ื˜) 
(ื’ื™ื˜ ืึท ื˜ื™ืคืŸ ืงืจืขื›ืฅ) 

ืึธ, ื’ืึธื˜! 

(ืคืึทืจื‘ืจืขื›ื˜ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜, ืœืึธื–ื˜ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืึทืจืึธืคึผ {ื“ืขื ืงืึธืคึผ)} 

(ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜) 

ืฉื•ื™ืŸ... ืฉื•ื™ืŸ... 

(ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื ื˜ืงืขื’ืŸ ) 

ืึทืฐืฆืง 

(ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื ื˜ืงืขื’ืŸ ืฉื‘ื ืืŸ) 

ืื•ืŸ ื’ืึธืจื ื™ื˜, ื’ืึธืจื ื™ื˜.., 

ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืขื ื“ืขืจื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ื”ืึธืจ ื ื™ื˜! 

ืึธ, ืฉืจืขืง! 

ืฉื•ื™ืŸ... ืฉื•ื™ืŸ... 

ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ื“ืขืจ ืœื•ื™ืŸ? 

(ืงื•ืžื˜ ื”ืึทืกื˜ื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื ืงืก, ื ืึธืš ืื™ื ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื’ื•ืœื™ื, {ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื–ื™ื™| ืึท ืคืจืขืžื“ืขืจ.) 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึทื ืขืŸ! ื™ืึธ... ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืืฒึทืš= โ€ - 

ื ื•, ื™ืึธ... 


235 


ื•ืขืžื™ื”ื•ื“ืŸ 


ื•ืฆืคื ื™ื”ืŸ 


ืขืžื™ื”ื•ื“ 


ื•ืฉื‘ื ืืฅ 


ืฆืคื ื™ื” 
ืขืžื™ื”ื•ื“ 
ื—ืœืงื™ื” 


ืึทื‘ื™ื’ื™ืœ 
ื—ืœืงื™ื” 
ื—ืžื•ื˜ืœ 
ืึทื‘ื™ื’ื™ืœ 
ื—ืœืงื™ื” 


ืฆืคื ื™ื” 
ื—ืœืงื™ื” 
ืึทื‘ื™ื’ื™ืœ 


ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึทื ืขืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืคึผืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืฐืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืฒึทืš! 
ื™ืึธ, ื™ืึธ... ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึธ! 

ื•ื ืฉื˜ื–ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืฐืึทืš, ืขืžื™ื”ื•ื“, ืฐืึทื›ืกื˜? 
ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขื‘ืจืึทื›ื˜, 

ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื‘ื™ื™ ื’ืึทื ืฅ ื”ืฒึทื˜ืขืจ... 

ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืฒึท ืื™ึทื™ืš ื•ื“ื–ืึธืจื˜ -- ื–ืึธื’, ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ, 
ื‘ืฒึทื ืฐืฒึทืŸื˜ืŸ { ืงืŸ} ื‘ืจืขื’ -- 

ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืึทืŸ } ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ 

ื”ืึธื˜ {ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ} ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ? 
ืื™ื– ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืฐืึทืกืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืึทืฐืขืง? 

ื ื™ื˜ ืคืจืขื’... 

ืึธ ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจืข, ืึธ ื•ื•ื™ืกื˜ืข ื˜ืขื’! 

ืึธ ื’ืœื•ืช-ื•ื•ืขื’! 

ื•ื™ ืก'ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืึท ืฐื•ื™ื ื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ, 


ื ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–, ืื•ื ื“ื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฐืึทืกืขืจืŸ ื’ืขืฉื˜ื•ื™ืกืŸ! 


ื•ื• ื–ืึทืžื“ืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื‘ืจืขื’ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืฒึทืš ื’ืขื‘ืœืึธื–ืŸ - 
ืžืขืŸ ื“ืึทืจืฃ ืขืก ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจืœืึธื–ืŸ! 


(ืงื•ืžื˜, ืฉื ืขืœ ื’ืขืœืึธืคึฟืŸ, ืคื•ืŸ ืจืขื›ื˜ืก, ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื’ื•ืœื™ื) 


(ืฐืฒึทื™ื–ื˜ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฒึท ืงื•ืœื™ื”ืŸ) 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึทื ืขืŸ, ื™ืึธ, ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึทื ืขืŸ -- 
ื“ืึธ ืื™ื– ืึท ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทื ืขืŸ! 
ื™ืึธ, ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทื ืขืŸ. 
ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ืื™ื! 
ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ... ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ... 
ื“ืขืจ ืขืœื ื˜ืขืจ... ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืœืึทืกืขืจ... 
ื•ื•ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืขืจ? ื–ืึธื’ื˜, ืฐื•ืขืจ ืงืขืŸ - 
ื•ื•ืขืจ ืงืขืŸ ืื™ื?+ - 
ื•ื•ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืืฒึทื™ืš? 
ืคืจืขื’ ื“ืขื ืฐืึทืกืขืจ! 
ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืึทืจืฒึทื ื’ืขืคืึทืœืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ืฒึทืš! 
ื ื™ื˜ ืืžืช ืคืจืฒื™ื ื“, 
ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืคืึทืœืŸ ืื™ื– ืขืจ, ื ืึธืจ ื’ืขืฉืคึผืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ 
ื“ื™ ื–ื•ืŸ - ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฉืฒึทื ื˜, 
236 


ืขืžื™ื”ื•ื“ 
ื—ืœืงื™ื” 
ืฆืคื ื™ื” 
ืขืžื™ื”ื•ื“ 
| ืฆืคื ื™ื” 
ืขืžื™ื”ื•ื“ 


ืฆืคื ื™ื” 


ืขืžื™ื”ื•ื“ 


ืฆืคื ื™ื” 
ืขืžื™ื”ื•ื“ 
ืฆืคื ื™ื” 
ื—ืœืงื™ื” 


ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ - 


ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืฒึทืš ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืคืŸ. 
ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืคืึทืจื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ (ืื™ื} ื‘ืึทื“ืึธืจืคืŸ! 
ื ื™ื˜ ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืื™ื ื’ืขื–ืึธืœื˜! 

ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜! 

ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืึท ื™ื™ึดื“? 

ื•ื™ ื“ื•! 

ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื ื™ื˜! 

ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืึธืžืขืจ ื™ืึธ - ื˜ืึธ ื”ืขืจ: 

ืขืก ื–ืึธืœืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืึทื–ืขืœื›ืขื ืข ื•ื™ ื“ื• 

ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ืจืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืžืขืจ! 


ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื’ืขืงืขื ื˜ ืึท ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื˜ ืคืึทืจื”ื™ื˜ืŸ - 


ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจื”ื™ื˜! 

ืœืึธื– ืฆื• ืจื•! 

ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืœื™ื˜ืŸ... 

ื”ืขืจื˜, ื”ืขืจื˜: "ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืœื™ื˜ืŸ!" 

ืื•ืŸ ื“ื•? ื“ื• ืœืฒึทื“ืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜? ื ื™ื™ืŸ? 

ืขืก ืœืฒึทื“ืŸ ืึทืœืข ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ! ืึทืœืข, ืึทืœืข ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ, 

ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื‘ื™ื– ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ! 

ืฆื™ ืึทืœืข ืžื™ืจ, ืžื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคืŸ 

ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืฒึทืš ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฐืึทืจืคืŸ? 

ื™ืึธ, ืึทืœืข... ื•ื™ ืื•ื ื“ื–, ื•ื•ื™ื™ื™ 

ื”ืขืจื˜, ื”ืขืจื˜! 

ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ื‘ื‘ืœืก ื˜ื™ึทื™ื›ืŸ, ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ื‘ื‘ืœืก ืขืจื“! 
ืื™ืš ืฉื˜ื™ 

ืื•ืŸ ื”ื•ืขื–ึทืจ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ื™ื™ื’ - 

ืฐืฒึทืœ ืื™ื‘'ืจื™ืง ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืจื™ื™ื“ - ; 

ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืฒึทื™ืš ืึทืจืฑืกื’ืขืฆืฑื’ืŸ! 
ื“ืึธืก ืคื™ื™ื’ืขืœืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื”ืึทื˜ ืึทืฐืขืงื’ืขืคืœืฑื’ืŸ... 
ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ืื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขื‘ืŸ 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’'ื”ืึทืงื˜ ื“ื™ ืคืœื™ื’ืœ, 

ืื•ืŸ ืึทืจืฒึทื ื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ืฒื™ื’, 

ืื•ื™ืฃ ืฉืœืึธืก ืื•ืŸ ืจื™ื’ืœ -- 


237 


ืฆืคื ื™ื” 
ื—ืœืงื™ื” 


ืึทื‘ื™ื’ื™ืœ 


ืงื•ืœื™ื” 
ื ืขืžื” 
ืจ ) 
ื ืขืžื” 
ืฉืžืขื™ื” 


ื“ืขืจ ื ื—ืœืžืขืจ 
ืึทืœืข 


ืฆืคื ื™ื” 
ืขืžื™ื”ื•ื“ 
ื—ืœืงื™ื” 
ืฉืœื•ืžื™ืช | 
ื ืขืžื” 
ืงื•ืœื™ื” 
ืฉืžืขื™ื” 
ืงื•ืœื™ื” 


ืฉืžืขื™ื” 


ืงื•ืœื™ื” 


ืืฑืฃ ื‘ื‘ืœืก ืขืจื“ ืฆื• ืœืขื‘ืŸ... 


ื™ืขืฆื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืื™ืจ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ, ืื™ื‘'ืจื™ืง ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืจื™ื™ื“! 


ืึท ืงื ืึทืคึผืข ืคืจื™ื™ื“.., 

ื•ึถื•ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืขืจ, ื•ื•ืขืจ? 

ืฆื™ ืงืขืŸ ืื™ื ื•ื•ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืืฒึทืš? 

ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืžื•ืจื ืคืึทืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืฉืคึผืจื•ื ื’, 
ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืฒึทืš -- 

ืึท ืฉืึธื“... ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ืึทื–ืฑ ื™ื•ื ื’ - 
ืึธื˜ ืคึฟื™ืจื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืื™ื ืึทื”ืขืจ! 

(ืคืึทืจื‘ืจืขื›ื˜ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜, ื“ืขื ืึทื ื˜ืงืขื’ืŸ ื’ืขืคึฟื™ืจื˜ืŸ) 
ืฉืžืขื™ื”! 

ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ ื™ืึธืžืขืจ! 


(ืคื™ืจืŸ ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืจืขื›ื˜ืก ืึท ื‘ืœืึทืกืŸ ื™ื•ื ื’ื ืžืึทืŸ) 


ืจ'ืื™ื– ืืฒึทืขืจืขืจ... ื™ืึธ, ืืฒึทืขืจ! 

(ื“ืขืจ ืึทืจืฒึทื ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ืขืจ ื™ื•ื ื’ื ืขืจืžืึทืŸ, ืื™ืŸ! ืึท ื”ืขืœืŸ ืžืึทื ื˜ืœ. 
ืึธืคืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืŸ ืงืœื™ื™ื“, ื“ื™ ืœืึธืงื•ืŸ ื ืึทืก,} ืก'ืงืึทืคึผืขื˜ ื ืึธืš ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™) 
(ืื•ื™ืกืขืจ ื“ืขื ืึทืœื˜ืŸ) 
ืฉืžืขื™ื”! ืฉืžืขื™ื”! 
ื“ืขืจ ื ื—ืœืžืขืจ! 


(ื˜ืจืขื˜ืŸ ืึธืคึผ, ืฆืขื–ืขืฆืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ืฒึทื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื•ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืขืจ)} 


ื ื—ืœืžืขืจ! 
ื™ืึธ...ืื™ืš -- 
ืฆื• ื’ื™ืš... - 


ื“ื• ืžืึทื›ืกื˜ ืขืก ื™ื•ื ื’ืขืจืžืึทืŸ, ืึท ื‘ื™ืกืขืœืข ืฆื• ื’ื™ืš, 


(ืฉื˜ื™ืœ, ื’ืขื‘ืจืึธื›ืŸ) 

ืื™ืš...ืื™ืš... 

(ืงื•ืงื˜ ืื™ื ืฉื˜ื•ื ืึธืŸ) 

ื“ื™ ืœืึธืงืŸ ื“ืฒึทื ืข ื ืึทืก, 

ื“ืึธืก ืคึผื ื™ื ื‘ืœืึทืก, ืฐื™ ื‘ืœืึทืก... 


238 


ืฉืžืขื™ื” 
ืงื•ืœื™ื” 
ืฉืžืขื™ื” 
ืงื•ืœื™ื” 
ืฉืžืขื™ื” 


ืงื•ืœื™ื” 


ืฉืžืขื™ื” 
ืขืžื™ื”ื•ื“ 


ืฉืžืขื™ื” 


ืขืžื™ื”ื•ื“ 


ื—ืœืงื™ื” 


ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืœื™ืง ืึทื–ืึท... ืึท ืงืึทืœื˜ืขืจ -- 

ืฐืึธืก ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืกื˜ื• ืฉื˜ื•ื ืึทื–ืฑ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืœื™ื™ืš? 

ืื™ืš ืฉืฐืฒึทื’ ื ื™ื˜, ืึทืœื˜ืขืจ... 

ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก, ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก... ื“ื• ืฉื™ืœื˜ืกื˜! 

(ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ืงืึธืคึผ, ืงื•ืงื˜ ืื™ื ืคึผืึทืจืฐื•ึผื ื“ืขืจื˜ ืึธืŸ) 

ื ื™ื˜ ื•ืฉื™ื–ืœื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ! 

(ืงื•ืงื˜ ืฆื• ืื™ื ืคืึทืจื‘ืœื™ืคื˜, ื’ื™ื˜ ืึท ื˜ืจืึธื˜ ื ืขื ื˜ืขืจ) 

ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ! 

ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืš ืึทืจืฑืกื’ืขืฉืœืขืคึผื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืฒึทืš! 

ื ืึธืจ ื•ื™ ื“ื• ื•ืฑื™ื™ืกื˜} ื“ืึธืก ืึทืœืฅ, ืื•ืŸ ืฐื™ ื“ื• ืคื™ืœืกื˜ -- 
ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืฆืฒึทื˜... 

ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืึทืœื˜ - 

ืฐืึธืก ื˜ื•ื ืงืขืœืขืจ ืขืก ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืคืึทืจ ืžื™ืจ ื“ื™ ืฉืฒึทืŸ - 
ืึทืœืฅ ื”ืขืœืขืจ ืงื•ืง ืื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืขืจืฆืขืจ ืืฒึทืš ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ... 
ืขืก ืื™ื– ื“ื™ืจ ืงืึทืœื˜, 

ื“ื• ืฆื™ื˜ืขืจืกื˜ ื•ื™ ืึท ื‘ืœืึทื˜, 

ืงื•ื, ื–ืขืฅ ื“ื™ืš, ืฉื˜ื™ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ืฐืฒึทื˜ - 

ื ื™ื˜ ืฉื™ืœื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื™ึทื“ืŸ! 

ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ! 

ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืš ืึทืจืฑืกื’ืขืฉืœืขืคึผื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืช! 

ื–ืฒึท ืฆื•ืคืจื™ื“ืŸ,. 

ืฐืึธืก {ื ื–ืึธืจ ื“ื™ ื”ืึธืจ ืื•ืŸ ืงืœื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ืจ ืคืึทืจื ืขืฆื˜! 
(ืœื•ื™ืคื˜ ืฆื• ืื™ื ืฆื•) 

ื“ื• ืืคืฉืจ, ื“ื•? 

ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื’ืขืจืึทื˜ืขืฐืขื˜ ืžื™ืš ื™ืขืฆื˜? ((ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข} ื”ืขื ื˜ ืงืขื’ืŸ ืื™ื) 
ื“ื• ื–ืฒึท ืคืึทืจืฉืึธืœื˜ืŸ! 

ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ืš, ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ืš! 

ื›'ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืฐืขืœืŸ ืจืึทื˜ืขืฐืขืŸ ืึท ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ, 
ื›'ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืื™ื -- 

ืื•ืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ืขืจ ืฉื™ืœื˜ืŸ ืžื™ืš! 

ื’ื™ื™ ื–ื•ืš ืื™ื ืื•ื™ืฃ, ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืจืขื˜ืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ {ื‘ืขื ื˜ืฉ ืื™ื.} 
ืจ'ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื‘ืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืื™ื, ืขืžื™ื”ื•ื“, 

ืื•ื™ื‘ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืจื™ืขืจ 


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ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืขืจ 
ืื™ื ื‘ืึทื“ืึทื ืงืขืŸ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ.., 

ืฉืžืขื™ื” (ืงื•ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึทืจื•ื, ื›ืœืฒึทื‘ื˜, ื“ืขื ื‘ืœื™ืง (ืื•ื™ืฃ} ื—ืœืงื™ื”ืŸ) 
ืฐื•ึผ ืื™ื– ืขืจ, ืฐื•ึผ? 
ืฐืึธืก ืงืขืŸ ืžื™ืš ื’ื•ื˜ ืึทื–ืฑ, 
ืึทื–ืฑ ื’ืขื ื•ื™?... (ืฆื• ื—ืœืงื™ื”ืŸ) 
ื“ื• ืืคืฉืจ? ื“ื•? 
ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ "ืจืขื˜ืขืจ"? 

ื—ืœืงื™ื” ื”ืœื•ื•ืื™ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืื™ื›'ืก ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ! 
ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ื ืึธืจ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ, 
ื•ื™ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ื“ื™ืจ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืฒึทืš ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ, 
ื“ื™ืš ืคืึทืจ ื“ื™ ื”ืึธืจ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸืŸ,} 
ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื ื‘ืจืขื’, ืฆื•ื ื”ื•ื™ื›ืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืขืฉืฐื•ึผืžืขืŸ - 

ืฉืžืขื™ื” ืคืึทืจืฉืึธืœื˜ืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ! 

| ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืึทืกืขืจ ืžื™ืš ืึทืจืฑืกื’ืขืฆืฑื’ืŸ! 

...ืคืึทืจืœืึธืฉืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื”ืึทื˜ ื“ื™ ืฉืฒึทืŸ, 
ื“ื™ ื–ื•ืŸ, ื“ื™ ื”ืขืœืข 
ืื™ืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืข ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ, 
ืขืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืš ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ื’ืขืงื•ืฉื˜ ื“ื™ ืฐืขืœืŸ, 
ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืจืึธื ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ืš ืคืึทืจื’ืจืึธื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืงืึทืœื˜ืŸ ืฉืฑื™ืก, 
ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืง ืžืฒึทื ืขื, ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืžืึธืœ, ืฐื™ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื’ืœื™ืง - 
ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื•ื™ืก, 
ืึทืŸ ืขื ื“! 
ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ {ื‘}ื‘ืœ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื•ื™ ื›'ื‘ื™ืŸ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื... 
ืขืจืฉื˜ - ืึท ื™ื™ึดื“ื• ืึท ื™ื™ื“ ืžื™ื˜ ืฉื˜ืึทืจืงืข ืขืฉื‚ื•ื™ื”ืขื ื˜ 
ืฉืœืขืคึผื˜ ืžื™ืš ืึทืจืฑืก 
ืฆื•ืจื™ืง! ืฆื•ืจื™ืง! ืฆื•ืจื™ืง! 
ืฐื•ึผ ืึทื”ื™ืŸ? 
ื›'ื•ื•ืขืœ ืฉืจืฒึทื™ืขืŸ! ืฉืจืฒึทืขืŸ! ืฉืจืฒื™ืขืŸ! 
ืฐื•ื•ึผื”ื™ืŸ? 
ืฐื•ึผ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืขืก ื’ืขื‘ืจืึทื›ื˜ ืžื™ืš ื“ืขืจ ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ืขืจ ืžืึทืŸ? 
ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืœ ืฐื™ื“ืขืจ! | 


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ื—ืœืงื™ื” 
ืฉืžืขื™ื” 
ื—ืœืงื™ื” 


ืฉืžืขื™ื” 
ืขืžื™ื”ื•ื“ 


ื—ืœืงื™ื” 
ืึทืœืข 


ืึทื‘ื™ื’ื™ืœ. 


ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืžืึธืœ - 

ืึธ ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ืขืจ, ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ืขืจ ืžืึทืŸ! 

ืคืึทืจ ืฐืึธืก ืงื•ืžื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืžืึธืœ 

ืคืึทืจืฉืœืขืคึผื˜ ืฆื• ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื“ืึธ ืึทื”ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืึธืœ, 

ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืึธืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืึธืžืขืจ? 

ืึธ ื–ืึธื’ื˜ืŸื–ืฆื™ ืื™ื– ืึทืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืง ื ืึธืš ืึทื–ืึท ืคืึทืจืึทืŸ? 

... ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื ื—ืœื! ืึท ื ื—ืœืžืขืจ - 

ืึธ ื ื—ืœื! ื ื—ืœื! ืคืึทืจื—ืœื•ืžื˜ืข ื“ื• ืžืฒึทืŸ! 

ืึธ ื ื—ืœื, ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืฒึท ื“ื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื“ืขืจื–ืขืŸ (ื“ื™ ืฉืฒึทืŸ!ืŸ 
ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืฒึท ื“ื™ืจ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทื ืŸืขื–ืŸ ืื™ื– ืžืฒึทื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื’ืœ... 
ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ื•ื™ ืึท ืจื•ื™ืš ืฆืขืฉื•ืฐื•ึผืžืขืŸ, 

ืฆืขื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ ืฐื•ื™ ืึท ืฉื•ื™ื, 

ื•ื• ื ืึธืจ ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืึทืจืฑืฃ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืฆื™ื•ื ืก ื”ื™ื’ืœ! 

ืึธ, ื”ื™ื’ืœืขืŸ ืคืจื•ืžืข, 

ื”ื™ื’ืœืขืŸ ืœื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืข ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ืžืก! 

ืึธ, ื‘ืขืจื’ ืฐืึธืก ื˜ื•ืงืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ืื™ืŸ {ื”ื™ืžืœืขืŸ ืคืจืฒื™ืขืŸ 
ืึธ, ืฆื™ื•ืŸ, ืžืึทืžืข! 

ืžืึทืžืข ืžืฒึทื ืข, ื”ืึทืจืฆื™ืงืข ื’ืขื˜ืจืฒื™ืข { | 
ืึธ, ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืฆื•... (ื›'ื‘ืขื˜ ืึทืœืขืžืขืŸ ืึธ 1 
ืฐืึธืก? ืฐืึธืก? 

ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ื™ื™ืš! (ืจืฒึทืกื˜ ื–ื™ืš {ืฆื•ื ืคึผืจืช)} 

(ื ืขืžื˜ ืื™ื ืคืขืกื˜ ืึธืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจืŸ {ืœื™ื ืงืŸ 

ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืฆื•ืจื™ืง! 

ื•ื•ืขืจ ื”ืขืœืคื˜ ืžื™ืจ, ื•ื•ืขืจ? 

ืึธ ืœืึธื–! 

(ืœื•ื™ืคื˜ ืฆื• ืฆื• ืื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ืจืขื›ื˜ืก) 

ืึท ืฉื˜ืจื™ืง! 

ื’ื™ื˜ ื’ื™ืš ืึท ืฉื˜ืจื™ืง ืึทื”ืขืจ! 

ื‘ื™ื ื“ ืื™ื ื˜ืึทืงืข, ื‘ื™ื ื“! 

(ื›ืึทืคึผืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืจื˜ืขืจ) 

ืคืึทืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื–ื™ื ื“? 

ืœืึธื–ื˜ ืึธืคึผ...ืœืึธื–ื˜ ื’ื™ื›ืขืจ ืึธืคึผ ืื™ื! 


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(ื˜ืจืขื˜ืŸ ืึธืคึผ, ื“ืขืจ ืจืขื›ื˜ืก, ื“ืขืจ ืœื™ื ืงืก) 


ื—ืœืงื™ื” 
| 
ืึทื‘ื™ื’ื™ืœ (ืงื•ืžื˜ ื”ืึทืจื˜ ืฆื• ืฆื• ืื™ื, ื ืขืžื˜ ืฉืžืขื™ื”ืŸ ืคืึทืจึผ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื”ืขื ื˜, ืงื•ืงื˜ ืื™ื 
ืึท ืฐืฒึทืœืข ืฉื˜ื•ื ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ) 
ืžื™ืจ ืื™ื– ืึท ืงืึทืœื˜ืขืจ ื˜ืจืึธืคึผืŸ - 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืฒึทื ืข ื”ืึธืจ ื’ืขืคืึทืœืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ - 
ืฉืžืขื™ื” (ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื“ื™ ืฐืฒึทืกืข ืคึผืึธืœืข ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทึทืŸ ืงืœื™ื™ื“ ืฆื• ืื™ืจ ื’ืขื–ื™ื›ื˜) 
ืึทื‘ื™ื’ื™ืœ ื•ื•ื™ืฉ ื ื™ื˜ ืึธืคึผ - 
ืœืึธื– ื“ืขื ื˜ืจืึธืคึผืŸ ืฐืึทืกืขืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ - 
ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืขืก ื’ืขืจืŸ... 
ื‘ืึทืœื“ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืฉืขืžืขืจื™ืจืŸ ื˜ืจืึธืคึผื ืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ืžื™ืจ ืžืขืจืขืจ... 
ืงื•ื, ืžื™ืจ ืฐืขืœืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืฒึทืš ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฐืึทืจืคืŸ โ€ - 


|ืฉืžืขื™ื”ืŸ (ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื•ื•ืขื ื“ื•ื ื’ ืฆื• ื—ืœืงื™ื”ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืขืžื™ื”ื•ื“ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื–ืฒึทื˜ืŸ) 
ื ื™ื˜ืข...ื ื™ื˜ืข - 
(ืึทื‘ื™ื’ื™ืœืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฉืคึผืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื“ืขืจ ื ืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืฑื˜ - 


ืžืขืŸ ื“ืึทืจืฃ ืึท ืžืึธืœ ืึท ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืคืึทืจื”ื™ื˜ืŸ, 
ื•ื™ ืžืขืŸ ื“ืึทืจืฃ ืคืึทืจื”ื™ื˜ืŸ ืื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜. (ืฆื• ืฉืžืขื™ื”ืŸ) 
ืงื•ื! 
ื•ืฉืžืขื™ื”ืŸ (ืงื•ืงื˜ ื–ื™ ืคึฟืึทืจืœื•ื™ืจืŸ ืึธืŸ) 
ื“ื•, ื“ื•... ืึธ ื ื™ื™ืŸ! 
ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜... ืึทืœืฒืŸ! 
ืึทื‘ื™ื’ื™ืœ (ืงื•ื™ื ื‘ืึทืœืฒื™ื“ื™ืงื˜) 
"ืึทืœืฒืŸ!" "ืึทืœื™ื™ืŸ!" - ืงื•ืง ืึธืŸ ืื™ื - 
ื•ื™ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื‘ืฒึท ื–ื™ืš, ืฐื™ ืฉื˜ืึธืœืฅ! 
ื•ื™ ืจ'ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื”ืึทืจืฅ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืคึผื ื™ื! 
ื•ื™ ื•ึทืจ'}ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืœื™ื™ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื–ืŸ - 
ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืึธืœืฅ... 
ื•ื™ ืขืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืึทืœืฅ ื’ืขื“ืขื ืงื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ืคืึทืจื’ืขืกืŸ! 
ื›'ื‘ื™ืŸ ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ื•ื™ ื“ื•! 
ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืึท ื˜ืึธื›ื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืคืึธืœืง ื•ื™ ื“ื• ืึท ื–ื•ืŸ! 
ื•ื™ ื“ื•, ืึท ืงื™ื ื“ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ืžืก... 
ื•ื• ื“ื•ื™ ื•ื™ ื“ื•ื™ ื•ื™ ื“ื• 
ืคืึทืจืฉืœืขืคึผื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื“ืึธ, ืึทื”ืขืจ ืฆื•, 


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ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื˜ืฒึทื›ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืœืก... ืฐื•ึผ ื•ื•ื™ืœืกื˜ื• ื’ื™ื™ืŸ? 
ื“ื• ื’ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื“ืึธืš ืฉื˜ืึทืจื‘ืŸ! ื“ื• ื’ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื“ืึธืš ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืึทืคึผืจืฒื™ืขืŸ! 
ื’ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืœื™ื™ื–ื˜... 
ื’ืฒืกื˜ ืงื™ืœืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืฒึทื›ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืœืก ื“ืฒึทื ืข ืฉืžื•ืขืจืฆืŸืŸ 
ืึธื˜, ื ืึธืš ืฐืึธืก ื“ื• ื’ื™ื™ืกื˜! 
ื•ื“ื• ืงืขื ืกื˜ ื“ืขื ืฉืคึผืึธื˜ 
ืคื•ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืึธื˜ 
ื ื™ื˜ ืžืขืจ ื“ืขืจื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ, 
ื“ื• ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืฐื•ึผ ืึทื”ื™ื ืฆื•ื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ื™ {ืฉืึทื ื“ืŸ 
ื“ื• ื•ื•ื™ืœืกื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืจืช ื‘ืึทื’ืจืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ ืžื™ืŸื˜ ื“ื™ืจ ื‘ืึทื ืึทื ื“ } 
ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื˜ื™ืคืข ืฐืขืœืŸ... 
ื•ื•ื™ืœืกื˜ ื‘ืึทืคึผืจืฒื™ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ืขืœื ื˜, 
ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ืš ื’ืึทื ืฅ ื“ืขืจืฉืœืึธื’ืŸ... 
ื‘ืึทืคึผืจืฒึทืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื ืงืฉืึทืคื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืžืึทืžืขืŸ... 
ื’ืฒื™, ื’ื™ื™...ืก'ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื“ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืึธืคึผื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ, ืึธ, ื ื™ื™ืŸ! 
ื’ื™ื™ ื˜ืึทืงืข, ื’ื™ื™, ื ืึธืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ื™ ืึทืœืฒืŸ, 
ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ืœ ื–ื™ืš ืฐืึทืจืคืŸ ื’ืœืฒึทืš 
ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ืจ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืฒึทืš, 
ืื™ืš ืงืขืŸ ื‘ืึทืฐืฒึทื–ืŸ ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ืฐื•ื™ ื“ื• ื•ื“ืขืืŸ ืงื•ื ืฅ: 
ืื™ืš ื’ื™ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ืจ - , ืื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœ ืคืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–! 
ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืึทืคึผืจืฒึทืขืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ - 
ืงื•ื! 
ื ืฉืžืขื™ื”} ืึทืœื™ื™ืŸ... ืึทืœืฒืŸ! 
ื“ื• ืื•ื™ืš? 
ืึธ, ื‘ืœื•ื, 
ืึทืจืึธืคึผื’ืขืจื™ืกืขื ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ืžืขื ืฉื˜ืจื•ื™ืš, 
ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ -- 
ื“ื• ื“ืึทืจืคืกื˜ ื ืึธืš ื‘ืœื™ึดืขืŸ! 
ืึทื‘ื™ื’ื™ืœ ืื™ืš ื’ื™ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ืจ! 
ืฉืžืขื™ื” ื“ื• ืื•ื™ืš? ื“ื• ืื•ื™ืš? ื•ื•ื™ื™ ืžื™ืจ! 
ืึธ, ื™ื•ื ื’ืข ื“ื• ืื•ืŸ ืฆืึทืจื˜ืข - 
ืึทื–ืฑ ื™ื•ื ื’ ื•ื• ื“ื• ืื•ืŸ ืึทื–ืฑ ืฆืึทืจื˜! 
ืžื™ืจ ืื™ื– ืึท {ืฉืึธื“ืŸ -- 


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ืฐืึทืจื˜! ืฐืึทืŸืจื˜!ืŸ 
ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ื™ึทื™ืŸ ื’ืขื ืึธื“... (ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื”ืึทื ื˜ ืฆื•ื ื”ื™ืžืœ) 
ืึทื‘ื™ื’ื™ืœ ื•ื•ื™ืœืกื˜ ืฐืึทืจื˜ืŸ? 
ืฉืžืขื™ื” ืื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ -- (ืคืึทืจื•ืึทืจืคื˜ ืคืึทืจืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ืคืœื˜ ื“ืขื ืงืึธืคึผ) 
ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื“, 
ืื•ืŸ ื ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ืŸ ืื™ื– ืžื™ืจ, ืึทืšึฐ ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ - 
(ืึทื‘ื™ื’ื™ืœืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืขืกืขืจ... 
ืฉืžืขื™ื” (ืฉืจืฒึทื™ื˜) 
ืžืฒึทืŸ ืคึผื™ึทื™ืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืจืขืกืขืจ! 
ืึทืœืข (ื›ืึทืคึผืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืจื˜ืขืจ, ืื•ื™ืคืจืขื’ื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืžื•ืจืžืœ) 
"ื’ืจืขืกืขืจ! ื’ืจืขืกืขืจ!" 


ืฉืžืขื™ื” (ื•ื•ื™ ืขืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื›ืึทืคึผืŸ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง, ืคึฟืึทืจืฉืจืฒึทื˜ ื“ืขื ืคืจื™ืขืจื“ื™ืงืŸ ืื•ื™ืกืจื•ืฃ) 
ื™ืึธ, ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื“ืขืจ ืฆืขืจ! 
ืฆืคื ื™ื” ืงื•ืงื˜ ืึธืŸ ื“ืขื ื”ืึทืจ, 


ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืงื•ืงื˜ ืึธืŸ: ื“ื™ ืงื ืขื›ื˜! 

ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคึผืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื– "ื’ืจืขืกืขืจ"... 
ืฉืœื•ืžื™ืช "ื’ืจืขืกืขืจ" - 

ืึทืœืข ืžื™ืจ, ืžื™ืจ ืฉื˜ืึทืžืขืŸ 

ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึทื - ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”! 


ื ืขืžื” ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื‘ืจื•ื“ืขืจ - 
ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืึทืœืข ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึทืžืขืŸ! 
ืงื•ืœื™ื” ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜, ืžืฒึทืŸ ืงื™ื ื“, ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜... 


ื“ื• ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ ืžื™ืจ - ืึท ื™ื™ื“ ืึท ืคึผืจืึธืกื˜ืŸ, 

ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ ื“ื™ืš ืคืจืขื’ืŸ: 

"ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืคึผื™ึทื™ืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืจืขืกืขืจ" - ืฆื™ ื”ืึธืกื˜ื• ืื•ื ื“|ื– ื’ืขืžืึธืกื˜ืŸืŸ? 
ื—ืžื•ื˜ืœื™ (ืงื•ืžื˜, ื•ื™ ืึทืจืฒึทื ื’ืขืจื™ืกืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืคืึธื“ืขืจื’ืจื•ื ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ( 

ื‘ืจื™ื“ืขืจ! ืฉืฐื•ืขืกื˜ืขืจ! 

ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืžืขืก ืคึผืฒึทืŸ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจืขืกื˜ืขืจ! 

ืก'ืื™ื– ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขืžืก ืคึผืฒึทืŸ... 

ืื•ื™ืš ืžืฒึทื ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืขืจ... ื ื™ื˜ืึธ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืจืขืกืขืจืขืจืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ืึธืŸ 

ืฉื™ืงื˜ ืžื™ืš ืฆื•ื ื˜ืฒึทืš... 

ืงื•ืžื˜ ืึทืœืข ืžื™ืจ, ืึธืจืขื ืงื•ืžื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืจืฒึทืš 

ืžื™ื˜ ืงื™ื ื“ ืื•ืŸ ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืก... 


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ืื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื™ื™ึทื ื’ืขืœืข ืžื™ืจ ืฐืึทืจืคืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข 

ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืฒึทืš ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ, 

ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืŸ! 

ื ื™ืฉืงืฉื” - 

ื“ื™ ื˜ืฒึทื›ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืœืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก, 

ืก'ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืึทืŸ ืึธืจื˜ 

ื“ืึธืจื˜ 

ืื™ ืคืึทืจ ืึท ืžืึทืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืงื™ื ื“ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืก ื’ืขืœืขื’ืŸ, 

ืื™ ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขื ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ืฉืžืึทืจืฅ 

{ }/ ืื™ืจ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฅ - 

ื“ื™ ื˜ืฒึทื›ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืœืก - ื–ื™ื™ ืฐืขืœืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืึทืจืฑืกื’ืฒืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืจืขื’ืŸ... 
ืึธื˜ ืื™ื– ืžืฒึทื™ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ - ืึท ืฉื˜ื™ืงืœ ื˜ื•ื™ื’, ืฆื• ืฐืึธืก? 

ืฆื• ืฐืึธืก ื–ืึธืœ ืขืก ื’ืขื“ืฒึทืขืŸ? ืฆื• ืฐืึธืก ื–ืึธืœ'ืก ื™ื•ื™ืจืŸ? - 
ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืื•ืžื–ื™ืกื˜, ืื•ืžื–ื™ืกื˜ 

ืื™ืŸ ื’ืœื•ืช-ื•ื•ืขื’, ืื™ืŸ ืžื“ื‘ืจ-ื–ืึทืžื“ืŸ, ื•ื•ื™ืกื˜, 

ืึธืŸ ืฐืึทืกืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืึธืŸ ื’ืจืึธื– - 

ืžืฒึทืŸ ื–ื•ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ืจืŸ. 

ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืึทื˜ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ื ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจืฐืึทืจื˜... 

ืื•ื™ืฃ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ืžืก ืžืฑืขืจ { ืŸ 

ื•ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ| ืงืึธืคึผ ื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜, 

ื•ึฐืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืื™ืจืข ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฐื™ื™ืงื˜ 
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(ื–ื™ึทื™ืŸ ื˜ืึทื˜ืข ืฉื˜ 

| ืŸ 

ืŸ | 

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| | 

ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืคืึทืจืฐื™ืงืœื˜ ืื™ื, ืื™ืจ ื–ืึธืœื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืขืŸ ืื™ื... 
ื ื™ื˜ ืงื•ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืืฒึทืŸ - 

ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื–ืึธืœื˜ ืื™ืจ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืฉืคึผื™ื’ืœืขืŸ! 
ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ืึธืš ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ืขืŸ ืึธืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉืฒึทืŸ 
ืฐืึธืก ืคืึทืœื˜ ืคืจื™ืžืึธืจื’ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ืžืก ื”ื™ื’ืœืขืŸ... 
ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทึทื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ ืงืขื ื˜ ืื™ืจ ื ืึธืš ื“ืขื ื”ื™ืžืœ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืŸ ื“ืขืจืงืขื ืขืŸ... 


245 


ืฉืžืขื™ื” 


ืึทื‘ื™ื’ื™ืœ 
ืฉืžืขื™ื” 


ืึทื‘ื™ื ื™ืœ 
ืฉืžืขื™ื” 
ืึทื‘ื™ื’ื™ืœ 


ืึธ ืงื™ื ื“, ืžืฒึทื™ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“, (ืจืขื“ื˜ ืฆื•ื ืขื•ืคืขืœืข) 

ืคืึทืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื–ื™ื ื“ 

ืื™ื– ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืงื™ืฉืŸ - ืฉืคึผืึธื˜ 

ืื•ืŸ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืฆื•ื“ืขืง - ืฉืึทื ื“? 

ืึธ ืงื™ื ื“, ืžืฒึทืŸ ืงื™ื ื“! 

ื“ื• ืฐืขืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืฐืึทืงืกืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”ืก ื‘ืขืจื’! 
ื‘ืœืฒึทื™ื‘ืกื˜ ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ, ืื•ื™ืฃ ืืฒื™ื‘ื™ืง ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ! 

ืขืก ื•ื•ืึทืงืกื˜ ืึท ื™ื™ื“ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืœ-ืœืึทื ื“! 
ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืœ ืื™ื– ืึท ื™ื™ึทื“ ืึท ืฆื•ื•ืขืจื’ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ื˜ ืึท ืฆื•ื•ืขืจื’... (ืฆื• ืฉืžืขื™ื”ืŸ) 
ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ - 

ืื™ืš {ื”ืึธื‘} ื ื™ื˜, ื ื™ื™ืŸ... | 

ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืึท ื–ื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืœ, ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืื•ืŸ ืฉื™ื™ืŸ - 

ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื•ื™ ืึท ื‘ื•ื™ื ืื•ืŸ ืฐื•ื™ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’ ืฉื™ื™ืŸ; 

ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืœ ืืฑืกื’ืขืฐืึธืŸืงืกืŸ,} 

ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืœ ื–ื™ืš ืฆืขื‘ืœื™ื˜... 

ืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืึทืจื˜ืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ื™ื”ื•ื™ื›ื™ืŸ; 


ืจืขื–ืจื™ื” ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ 


ืึทืŸ ืขื•ืคืขืœืข, ืึท ืงื™ื ื“ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึธื›ืŸ, 

ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืง ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื’ืขืฉืขืŸ... 
ืื•ืŸ ื™ืขืฆื˜ - ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ื ื ื™ื˜! 

ืจ'ืื™ื– ืžืขืจ ืึท ื›ึผืฉื‚ื“ื™ ื•ื™ ืึท ื™ื™ึดื“... 

ืก'ืื™ื– ืฐืฒื ื™ืง, ืฉื•ื•ืขืกื˜ืขืจ, ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืฉื˜ืึทืžืขืŸ, 
ืžืขืŸ ื“ืึทืจืฃ ืื™ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื–ื™ื™ืŸ! 

ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืึท ื–ื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืœ ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ - 
ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื‘ืฒึท ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืžืึทืžืขืŸ... 

ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ื ืœืึทื ื’ ืึทื–ืฑ 

ื’ืึธืจ ืœืึทื ื’ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ (ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ... 

ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืœ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ? 
(ืคืึทืจื‘ืจืขื›ื˜ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜) 

ืื•ื™... ืื•ื™... 


ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ืึท ืคืจื•ื™? 


ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืึทืฐืขืง - 


(ืคืึทืจื•ืฐื•ึผื ื“ืขืจื˜) 


246 


ืฉืžืขื™ื” 


ื—ืžื•ื˜ืœ 


ืขืžื™ื”ื•ื“ 
ื—ื•ืœื“ื” 


ืึทืฐืขืง? ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ืจ? 

ืึธ ืคืจืขื’ ืžื™ืš ื ื™ื˜, ื ื™ื˜ ืคืจืขื’ - 

ืงืœืึทืคึผ ื ื™ื˜ ืึธืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืคืึทืจืฉืœืึธืกืขื ืขืจ ืึท ื˜ื™ืจ... 
ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฐืฒึทื‘ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜! 
ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜? (ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืงื™ื ื“ ืื•ื™ืฃ) 
ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš -- ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘! 

ื”ืœืฐื•ืึทื™ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ... 

ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืœืก ื˜ืฒึทื›ืŸ ื•ืื™ื ื‘ืึทื’ืจืึธื‘ืŸ!! 


! ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืื™ื ื ื™ื˜! ื“ื• ื”ืขืจืกื˜? ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืื™ื ื ื™ื˜! 


ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ืœ ื•ื™ ื“ื•, ืึท ื™ื™ึธื“! 
ื“ื• ืฉื™ืง ืฆื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ืš ืื•ื ื“ื– ืึธืคึฟ... (ื ื–ืขืฆื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, ืงื•ืงื˜ ืฆื•ื ื˜ืฒึทืš)} 
(ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ ืื•ืžืจื•ื™ืง ื ืึธืš, ื”ื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ ื˜ืจืึธื˜) 
(ืงื•ืžื˜ ืฆื•, ืฆื• ืฉืžืขื™ื”ืŸ) 
ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ! ืึธ ื ื™ื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ 
ื ืึธืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ืงืœืขืŸ, 
ื ืึธืจ ืžื™ืš, ืžื™ืš ื“ืึทืจืคื˜ ืื™ืจ ืฉื™ืงืŸ, 
ืžื™ืš, ืžื™ืš, ื’ืขืคืœื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืฐื™ ืึท ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ 
ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืฐืึทืกืขืจืŸ ืึทื—ื™ืŸ... 
ืžื™ืš, ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ื ืขื, 
ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ื“ืึธืš ืึทืœืข ืคื•ืŸ ื’ื“ืœื™ื”ื• ื‘ืŸ-ืื—ื™ืงื? 
ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืงืขื ื˜ ืึทืฐื“ืื™ ืึทื–ืึท ืื™ื™ื ืขื? 
ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื—ืชืŸ... 
ืึท ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ืึทื–ื–ืึท ืžืึทืŸ 
ืื™ื– ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจืึทืŸ. 
ืึท ืฉืึธื“ ื ืึธืจ ืฐืึธืก ื’ืขืžืึทื›ื˜ ืื™ื ื’ืจื•ื™ืก 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื‘ื•ื›ื“ื ืืฆืจ... 
ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขืœืึธื–ืŸ ืื™ื, ื’ืขืœืึธื–ืŸ, 
ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ื–, 
ืื™ืŸ ืฉื™ื™ื ืขื ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืึทื–ืขืฆืŸ, 
ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืฒึท ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ืš: ืึธ ื‘ืœืฒึทื™ื‘! 
ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจื‘ื™ื™ 
ืžื™ื˜ ื˜ืจืขืจืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืก ื’ืขื’ืึธืกืŸ = 
ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขืœืึธื–ืŸ ืื™ื, ื’ืขืœืึธื–ืŸ... 


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ืื™ืš ื”ืขืจ ื ืึธืš ื™ืขืฆื˜, ื ืึธืš ื™ืขืฆื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื: 
(ืฐืึธืก ื‘1ืขื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ื‘ืขื˜ ื–ื™ืš: 

ื‘ืœื™ื™ื‘! 

ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึท ืžืฒึทื™ืŸ ืฐืฒึทื‘ - 

ื›'ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ. 

ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืึทืฐืขืง ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื, ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื (ืฐืฒึทื–ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืงื•ืœื™ื”ืŸ) -- 
ืžื™ื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืคืึธื˜ืขืจ, 

ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื™ืš, 

ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืœืข ื“ื™ ืฐืึธืก ืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืึทืจื˜ืจื™ื‘ืŸ 

ืื™ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจ ืœืึทื ื“, ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึทืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“... 
ื™ืขืฆื˜ ื”ืขืจื˜: (ืฉืจืฒึทื˜ ืคืึทืจ ืคืึทืจืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ืคืœื•ื ื’) 

ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื—ืจื˜ื”! 

ืื™ืš ืฐื•ื™ืœ ืึทื”ื™ื! 

ืื™ืš ืฐื™ืœ ื’ื“ืœื™ื”ื• ื ื™ื˜, ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืšืื—ื™ืงื! 

ืžื™ืš ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื‘ืึทื’ืœื™ืงืŸ 

ืึทืŸ ืึทืœื˜ืขื˜ืฉืงืขืจ, ืึท ื˜ื•ื‘ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืœื™ื ื“ืขืจ 

ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืฉื˜ื™ื‘ืขืœืข ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื™ื - 

ืื™ื, ืื™ื ืฐืขืœ ืื™ืš ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ืจืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ, 

ื“ืขื ืึทืœื˜ืขื˜ืฉืงื ืก ืื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืข - 

ืึทื‘ื™ ืึทื”ืฒื! ืึทื”ื™ื™ื! 

ืึธ, ื”ื™ื™ื, ืžืฒึทืŸ ื—ืจื•ื‘ืข, ืคืึทืจื•ื•ื™ืกื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ ืฆืขืฉื˜ืขืจื˜ืขืŸ,ืŸ 
ืึธ, ื”ื™ื™ื ื‘ืึทืฉืขืจื˜ืข... 

ืึธ, ื–ื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืœืก ื”ื™ืžืœ -- ื–ืึธื’ ืžื™ืจ, (ื–ืึธื’...ืŸ 

ืฆื™ ื’ื™ื™ืกื˜ื• ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ืŸ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื ืึธืš, ืฆื™ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ (ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’? 
ืฆื™ ื˜ื•ืกื˜ื• ืื•ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ืจืข ื—ื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืฒึทื ืขืŸ? 

ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื—ืœื•ื ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ืจ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ื‘ืึทืฐื™ื–ืŸ - 

ืึท ืœื™ื’ืŸ! 

ื’ืขืคืึทืœืŸ ืื™ื– ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”! 

ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืคึผืึทืœืŸ ืื™ื– ื–ื™... ืฉืจืฒึทื˜) 

ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืจืขื ื˜! (ืฆื• ืฉืžืขื™ื”ืŸ) 

ื ื™ื˜ ืงื•ืง ืึทื”ื™ืŸ ืฆื•, ื‘ืจื•ื“ืขืจ - 

ื ื™ื˜ืึธ ืื™ืจ ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ, ื ื™ืฉื˜ืึธ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ - 

ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืŸ ืžืขืจื‘ -- ื”ืึธื˜ ื•ึทื–ื™ืš ืฉื•ื™ืŸ) ืคืึทืจืœืึธืฉืŸ... 


248 


ืฆืคื ื™ื” 
ืึทืœืข 
ืฉืžืขื™ื” 
ืฆืคื ื™ื” 


ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืจืขื ื˜! (ืงืœืึทืคึผื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืจื•ืกื˜) 

ื–ืขื˜, ื–ืขื˜: 

ื–ื™ ื‘ืจืขื ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ} ืื™ืจืข ืฉื˜ืขื˜, 

ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ืจืข {ืžื•ื™ืขืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฐืขื ื˜ - 

ื–ื™ ื‘ืจืขื ื˜ - 

ื“ืขืจืงืขื ื˜, 

ื“ื™ ืคืœืึทืžืขืŸ ืื™ืจืข ื”ืขืฉืŸ, ื”ืขืฉืŸ... 

ืื•ืŸ ืจืฒึทืกืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืฒึท ืžื™ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฆืŸ, 

ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืขืฉืŸ, ื”ืขืฉืŸ - 

ืึธ ืžืขืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืจื•ื“ืขืจ, ืžืขืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ื ืขืžืก ืฉืžืึทืจืฆืŸ! 
ืื•ื™ื‘ ื˜ืจื™ื ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš -- ืฐืขืœ ืื™ืš ื–ื™ืš, ืื™ืš! 
ืคึฟืึทืจืœืึธืฉืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื‘ืขืจื’ ื–ื™ืš ืึทื–ืฑ ื’ื™ืš, 
(ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ ื–ื™ืš} ื‘ืฒึท ืžื™ืจ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฆืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืคืึทืจืœืขืฉืŸ! 
ื•ืึทืœืข ืžื™ืจ.. } ืึทืœืข! 

(ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ (ื–ื™ืš} ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืกืฆืขื ืข) 

(ืึธ ื’ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืจืขื›)ื˜ืขืจ! 

ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืฒึทืš ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ, ืžื™ืจ ืึทืœืข! 

ื™ืึธ, ืึทืœืข... ื˜ืึทื˜ืขืก! ืžืึทืžืขืก! ื–ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืขื›ื˜ืขืจ! 
ื•ืึท ื—ืชืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึทื–ื›ึผืœื” - 

ื•ึธืึทืœืขื•ืŸ 

(ื“ืจื™ื™ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ืึธ ืžืึธืœ ืื•ื, ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ืŸ ืึท ืฐืฒึทืœืข ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืฐื™ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืœื™ื™ืฆืข 
ืฆื•ื ืฆื•ืฉื•ื™ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ ืึทืœืข ื•ื™ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึทืŸ ืฆื• ื‘ื™ื– ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ื’ืขื–ืขืกืŸ ื‘ืฒึทื˜ ื˜ืฒึทื™ืš) 
(ืื™ืŸ ืคืึธื“ืขืจื’ืจื•ื ื˜, ืฉืจืฒึทื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ืื™ืŸ ืฉืจืขืง) 

ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜! ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜! ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ื˜ ืึทืœืข ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ! 

(ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืคึผ) 

ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืึทืœืฒืŸ, ืึทืœืฒืŸ - 

(ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืขื›ื˜ืข ืคื™ืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืขืจ) 

ื ื™ื™ืŸ! ื ื™ื™ืŸ! 

(ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืึทืจืึธืคึผ ื“ื™ ืจืขื›ื˜ืข ืคื™ืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง) 

ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฆืขืฉืจืึธืงืŸ ื ืึธืš - ืฆื• ื ืึธื ื˜ ืฆื•ื ื˜ืฒึทืš! 

ืึธ ืžื™ืจ ื–ืึธืœ ื–ืฒึทืŸ, ื–ืึธืœ ืžื™ืจ ื ืึธืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืึทืจ ืืฒึทืš! 
ืื™ืš ื–ืข ื ืึธืจ ืคึผืœืฒืฆืขืก - ืคึผืœืฒืฆืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื... 
ื“ืจื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื! 


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ืึทืœืข (ื“ืจื™ื™ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื) : 
ืฉืžืขื™ื” ืขืก ืื™ื– ืงื•ื™ื ืœื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืžื™ืจ, ืงื•ื™ื-ืงื•ื™ื - 
ืฆื• ืฐืฒึทื˜ ืึท ื‘ื™ืกืขืœืข, ืฆื• ืฐืฒึทื˜ ืฆืขื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื“ืขืจ ืจื•ื™ื.., 
ื ื™ื˜ ืจืขื“ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜! ื ื™ื˜ ืจืขื“ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึทืจื‘ืŸ ืžืขืจ -- 
ืึธ, ืงื•ืžื˜ ืึทื”ืขืจ! 
ืึทืœืข (ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึท ื˜ืจืึธื˜ ื ืขื ื˜ืขืจ) 
ืฉืžืขื™ื” ื•ื™ ื’ื•ื˜,. ืฐื™ ื’ื•ื˜... ืžื™ื˜ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืืฒึทืขืจ ื˜ืจืึธื˜. 
ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื‘ืขืกืขืจ, ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ืžื™ืจ, ืึธ, ื’ืึธื˜! 
ืึทืš, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืฐืฒึทืœืข ื ืึธืš - ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฆื• ื•ืฉืคึผืขื˜), 
ื˜ืจืขื˜ ื ืขื ื˜ืขืจ, ื˜ืจืขื˜., 
ืึทืœืข (ื˜ื“ืขื˜ืŸ ืฆื• ืื™ื ืฆื• ื ืขื ื˜ืขืจ) 
ืฉืžืขื™ื” ื•ื™ ื’ื•ื˜... ืฐื™ ื’ื•ื˜... ืฐื™ ื’ื•ื˜... ื“ื™ ื ืฉืจืขืงืŸ 
ืื™ื– ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืžื™ืจ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฆืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืึทืฐืขืง - 
ื•ื™ ืงืขืŸ ืึท ืคืึธืœืง... ืขืก ืœืึธื–ื˜ ื ืึธืš ืึทืœืฅ ืžื™ืš {ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืจื• - } 
: ืึธ, ืฉื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืฆื•! 
ืงื•ืœื™ื” ืฐืึธืก ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ืจ? 
ืฉืžืขื™ื” ืฉื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืžื™ืจ; 
ืื™ืจ ืฐืขื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืึธื ื˜ืึธืŸ ืžืขืจืขืจ ืืฒึทืขืจ ื’ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืฉืึทื ื“... 
ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ื™ืš ืึทืœื™ืŸ ืึท ื”ืึทื ื˜, 
ื’ืึธื˜ ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืืฒึทืš ืœืขื‘ืŸ -- {ืœืขื‘ื˜ืŸ! ืึธ, ืฉื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืฆื•! 


ืงื•ืœื™ื” ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ื“ื•! 

ืฉืžืขื™ื” ืื™ืš ืึทืœื˜ืขื˜ืฉืงืขืจ, ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ { } ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื ืึธืจ... 
ืก'ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืš ืึทืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืฉื™ื™ื“ ืฆืขื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขื ืื•ืŸ ืึท ืกืš! 

ืงื•ืœื™ื” ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ื–ืึทืš! 


ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืึธืจ - 
ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื•ื™ ืžื™ืจ ืึทืœ' - 
ืึธ, ื ืขื ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืึทืจืฑืก ืคื•ืŸ ื›ึผืœืœ! 
ืฉืžืขื™ื” (ืœืึธื–ื˜ ืึทืจืึธืคึผ ื“ืขืก ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฐืขื ื“ื˜ืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื•ืฉื•ื™ืขืจ, 
ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ืขืœื ื“ื™ืง ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื”ืขื ื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืคึผื ื™ื) 
ืงื•ืœื™ื” (ืงื•ืงื˜ ืื™ื ืžื™ื˜ืœื™ื™ื“ื™ืง ืึธืŸ) 
ืฆื• ืฉื˜ืึทืจืง... 
ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืึทืจืฑืกื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืฆื• ืฉื˜ืึทืจืง ื“ืึธืก ืฐืึธืจื˜ - 
ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืขืก ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืจื˜... 


20 


ืฉืžืขื™ื” 
ืงื•ืœื™ื” 


ืฉืžืขื™ื” 


ืงื•ืœื™ื” 


ืฉืžืขื™ื” 
ืงื•ืœื™ื” 
ืฉืžืขื™ื” 


ืงื•ืœื™ื” 


ืฉืžืขื™ื” 
ืงื•ืœื™ื” 


ืขืก ืฆื•ืงืŸ ื“ื™ืจ ื“ื™ ืึทืงืกืœืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงืึทืจืง - 

ืขืก ื˜ื•ื˜ ื“ื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™... 

ืคืึทืจื’ื™ื‘ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืžืฒึทื™ื ืข ืžื™ืจ, ืคืึทืจื’ื™ื‘ ืžื™ืจ ื–ื™ื™... 
ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ื ืึธื ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ื‘, ืึธ, ืœื™ื‘ - 
ืคืึทืจื’ื™ื‘! 

(ื“ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื•ื ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ืขื ืงืึธืคึผ, ืงื•ืงื˜ ืื™ื ื“ืึทื ืงื‘ืึทืจ ืึธืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ื™ื™ื’ื˜) 
ื“ื• ืฉืฐืฒึทื’ืกื˜... ื“ื• ืฉืฐืฒึทื’ืกื˜ ื ืึธืš ืึทืœืฅ... 

ื•ื•ื™ืœืกื˜ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืฐืึธืก, ืขืก ืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ 

ื“ื™ืจ ื“ื™ {ื˜ืจืขืจืŸ} - 

ื–ื™ ืงืึทืคึผืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื“ื™ืจ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืขืŸ ื“ื™ืจ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืึทืœื“ื–... 
ืึธื™ืŸ ื–ึดื“ื™ ื’ืจื™ื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืฒึทื ืข ืฉืžืึทืจืฆืŸ, 
ื•ึทื•ื•ื™ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืื•ืŸ ื˜ื™ืฃ} ืขืก ืขืงื‘ืขืจื˜ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขืคื™ืœ... 

ื“ื• ืฐืึทืงืกื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื• ื˜ืึทืงืข ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฆืŸ! 


2 } ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜) 

ื•ึทืื™ืจึฐืŸ? 

ื ื™ื˜ ืžืึทืš ืžืฒึทืŸ ืคืขืœืขืจ, ืึทืœื˜ื™ื ืงืขืจ, ื ื™ื˜ ืžืึทืš, 

1 ื–ืื•ื™ืฃ ืžืฒื™ืŸ ืืฒึทืœื™ืงืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืงื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืฉืคึผืจืึทืš. 


ื™ืึธ... ืื™ื™ื ืข ื ืึธืจ ืื™ื– ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืึทืœืขืžืขื ืก ื“ื™ ืคึผืฒึทืŸ... 
ื ืึธืจ ื”ืึทืจืฅ, ืึธ, ืœื™ื‘ืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ -- 

ื”ืึทืจืฅ ืื™ื– ื‘ืฒึท ื“ื™ืจ ืึท ืกืš, ืึท ืกืš... 

ื–ืฒึท ืจื•ื™ึดืง, ืจื•ื™ึดืง... ืึทืš, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื• ืงืขื ืกื˜ ื ืึธืจ ืจื•ื™ืง ื–ืฒึทืŸ! 
ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืœ ืึทื–ืฑ... ืฉื˜ื™ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ืœ, 

ืึท ืœื™ื‘ืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ... 

ืื™ืš ืฉื˜ื™ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ืœ! 

ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก, ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก, ื“ื• ื‘ืขื ื˜ืฉืกื˜ 

(ืงื•ืงื˜ ืื™ื ืคืึทืจืฐื•ึผื ื“ืขืจื˜ ืึธืŸ 

ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืึทื ืขืŸ, ืึธ - 

ื™ืึธ, ื™ืึธื™. 

ื‘ืขื ื˜ืฉ ื™ื™ึธึดื“ืŸ... ื‘ืขื ื˜ืฉ ื–ื™ื™, ื‘ืขื ื˜ืฉ! 

ื™ืึธ! 

ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ืš ื’ืขืจืึทื˜ืขืฐืขื˜... ืœื•ื™ืฃ, ืœื•ื™ืฃ 

ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื ื˜ืฉ ื–ื™ื™, ื‘ืขื ื˜ืฉ, ื‘ืึทืฆืึธืœ 

ื“ื• ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื‘ืจื›ื” ื–ื™ื™ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ 


21 


ืฉืžืขื™ื” 


ืงื•ืœื™ื” 
ืฉืžืขื™ื” 
ืึทืœืข 
ืงื•ืœื™ื” 


ืึท ืงื•ืœ! 

ื ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™! ืื™ืจ, ืื™ืจ ืึธ ืคืจืฒื™ึทื ื“, 

ืื™ืจ ืึทืœืข ื“ืึธ, ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืจืึทื˜ืขืฐืขื˜ ืžื™ืš ื”ืฒึทืŸื ื˜,ืŸ 
ืื™ืš ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืืฒึทื™ืš ืฆื•, ื›'ื•ื•ืขืœ ืืฒึทืš ืึท ืฉื‘ื•ืขื” (ื’ืขื‘ืŸ.ืŸ 
ืฉืฐื•ืขืจ! ืฉืฐื•ืขืจ! | 

ืื™ืš ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ ื‘ืฒึทื ืœืขื‘ืŸ... 

(ื›ืึทืคึผืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืฃ, ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ืขืจื˜ืขืจ, ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืŸ 1 

ื™ืขืฆื˜ ื”ืขืจ: 

ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืึทืœื˜, 

ื“ืึธืก ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืง ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธืคืŸ ืžื™ืš ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืขืœื˜ืขืจ... 
ืขืก ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ื’ืœืฒึทื›ืข ื–ืึทืš 

ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืš ืคืึทืจืžืึทืš 

ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืข ืฉื•ื™ืŸ - ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืš} 

ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืึทืฐืขืง ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืฐืึทืœื“... 
ื“ืึธืก ืœืขื‘ืŸ | 
(ืฐืฐื•ืึธืก} ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ 

ืื•ื ื“ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืึธื˜ -- 

ืฆื™ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื˜ืขื’ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืงื•ืจืฆืข, ืฆื™ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืœืึทื ื’ - 
ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืฉืึทื ืง, 

ื ืึธืจ ืึท ื’ืขื‘ืึธื˜: 

ืœืขื‘! 

ืื™ืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ื“ืŸ 

ืฆื™ ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื™ื“ืŸ - 

ืœืขื‘! 

ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจื’ืขื ื™ื’ืŸ 

ืฆื™ ื‘ืึทืฉืคึผื™ื’ืŸ - 

ืœืขื‘! 

ื‘ืฒึท ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืฐืฑืœื˜ืึธื’ ืื•ืŸ ืคืจืฒึท ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืœืข ืจืขื›ื˜, 
ืฆื™ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืจืขืžื“ ืคืึทืจืงื ืขื›ื˜ - 

ืœืขื‘! ืœืขื‘! 


ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืจืฒึทื™, ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืœืึทื ื“, 


ืฆื™ ื‘ืฒึท ื“ืขื ืคื™ื™ื ื“ ืื™ืŸ ืฉืึทื ื“ - 
ืœืขื‘! ืœืขื‘! 
252 


ื•ืฉืžืขื™ื” 
ืงื•ืœื™ื” 


ืฉืžืขื™ื” 
ืึทืœืข 
ืฉืžืขื™ื” 
ืึทืœืข 
ืฉืžืขื™ื” 
ืงื•ืœื™ื” 


ืฉืžืขื™ื” 


ืงื•ืœื™ื” 


ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืึธื˜ืก (ื’ืขื ืึธื“, 

| ื• 

| ื• 

ื“ื• ืœืขื‘! 

| ื• 

ื•ึทื“ืึธืก ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืคืึทืจ| ืึท ื™ื™ึดื“ ืื™ื– ืึท ื’ืขื‘ืึธื˜! 
ืื™ืš ืœืขื‘, ืื™ืš} ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ ื‘ืฒึทื ืœืขื‘ืŸ - ืึทืš... 
ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื’ืขืฉื•ื•ื•ื™ืจืŸ - 

ื“ื• ึทื”ืึธืกื˜} ื’ืขืฉื•ื•ื•ื™ืจืŸ ืฉืฐืึทืš... 

ืฆื™ ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ืขืก ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืžืฒึทื ืข ืึทืœื˜ืข ืื•ื™'ืจืŸ? 
ืฆื™ ื”ืึธืกื˜ื• ืื•ื ื“ื– ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืขืก ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื”ืึทืœื‘ืŸ ืžืฑืœ - 
ืื™ื™ื ืก ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก ืื™ืš, ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก ืื™ืš -- ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื’ืขืฉื•ื•ื•ื™ืจืŸ 
ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ื’ืขืžื™ื˜.., 

ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืžื•ืจื, ืžื•ืจื, 

ืขืก ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื“ื•ืจืš ืึท ื’ืจื•ื™ืœ: 

ืงืขื ืกื˜ ืฐื•ื™ื“ืขืจ, ื’ืึธื˜ ื‘ืึทื”ื™ื˜, 

ืื™ืŸ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ื ื•ื™ื˜ - 

ื•ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“, 

ื–ื™ืš ืฐืึทืจืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธืจืขืžืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ื•ื™ื˜. 
ืึธ ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ ืžืขืจ -- 

ืฉืฐืขืจ! 

ื ื™ื˜ ืžืขืจ... ื ื™ื˜ ืžืขืจ... 

ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืื•ื ื“ื–, ืฉืฐืขืจ! 

ื ื™ื˜ ืžืขืจ... 

ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื‚ื•ื ื ื•ื•ื™ืœื“ -- 

ืขืคื ื˜ ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืึท ืžืฑื™ืœ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืœื˜, 
ืื•ืŸ ืฉืคึผืฒึทื˜? - 

(ืฐื™ ื’ืขืฆืฐื•ึผื ื’ืขืŸ) 

ืื™ืš ืœืขื‘... ืื™ืš ืœืขื‘ ืื•ืŸ -- ืœื™ื™ื“, 

ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื•ื ื ื•ืฉืœืขื›ื˜,ืŸ 

ืึท ืฉื“, 

ืจืขื“ื˜ ืฆื• ืื•ื ื“ื– ืฐื™ {ืก'ืจืขื“ื˜ืŸ 

ืึท ื”ืึทืจ ืฆื•ื ืงื ืขื›ื˜ - 


253 


ืฉืžืขื™ื” 


ื•ึทืงื•ืœื™ื”ืŸ 


ืฉืžืขื™ื” 


ืงื•ืœื™ื” 


ืฉืžืขื™ื” 


ืึทืœืข 


ืขืจ ืฐืขื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื–ืึธื’ืŸ: 
ื˜ืึทื ืฆื˜! ื‘ืฉืขืช ืžื™ืจ {ืงืœืึธื’ืŸึฐืŸ... 

ืขืจ ืฐืขื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืฆื•ื•ื™ื ื’ืขืŸ: 

ื–ื™ื ื’ืขืŸ! 

ืขืจ ืฐื•ืขื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืฉืœืึธื’ืŸ, 

ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื‘ืึทืคืขืœืŸ: 

ืคืจื™ื™ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ืงื•ื•ืขืœืŸ, 

ื ื‘ืขืช} ืžื™ืจ ื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืจืŸ... 

ืึทื–ืฑ ืฐืขื˜ ืื™ื ื’ืขืคืขืœืŸ! 

(ืคืึทืจืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ืคืœื˜) 

ืื™ืš ืœืขื‘... ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขืฉื•ื•ื•ื™ืจืŸ. 

ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืฒึทื ื“ -- ื’ืขืžื™ื™ืŸ 

ืจื•ื™ื‘ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื“ื™ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ, 

ืจืฒึทืกื˜ ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื ื’ืขืจ ื–ื™ ืึทืจืฑืก ืคื•ืŸ ืžื•ื™ืœ, 

ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขืงื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ืฆื™ื ื’ืขืจ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข ืื™ืŸ ืžืฑืœ ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ? 

ืึธ ื’ืจื•ื™ืœ! 

ืึธ ืคึผื™ึทืŸ! 

ืื™ืš ืœืขื‘... 

ืื•ืŸ ืึทื– ื“ืขืจ ืฉื‚ื•ื ื ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ืžืคืึทืจืฉืขืžื˜ -- 

ืขืจ ื ืขืžื˜ 

ืื•ืŸ ืจืฒึทืกื˜ ื“ื™ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ืึทืจืฑืก 

ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืึธื˜ืขืจืก ืึธืจืขื, ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžืึทืžืขืก ืฉื•ื™ืก, 
ื ืคืึทืจื‘ืฒึทื˜ ื“ื™} ื”ืขืจืฆืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ ืึทื–ืฑ ืฐื™ ื”ืขืžื“ืขืจ - 

ืจืฒึทืกื˜ (ื“ื™} ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ืึทืจืฑืก ื–ื™ื™ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืขืฆื˜ ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืคืจืขืžื“ืข? 
ืคืจืขืžื“ (ืงืœืึทืคึผื ื“ื™ืง) ืื•ืŸ ืคืจืขืžื“ ื’ืขืจื•ื™ื˜ืœื˜? - 

1 } ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจ ื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™! 

{ืื•ื™ื‘ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืึธืก} ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ื”ืึทืจืฅ ืื™ื– ืึทื–ืฑ ื•ื™ ืึธืŸ ืื™ื... 
(ืึท ื”ืึทืจืฅ ืึท ืคืจืขืžื“ืก} ืื™ื– ืขืจื’ืขืจ ื•ื™ ืึท ืคืจืขืžื“ืขืจ ืคึผื ื™ื, 
ื•ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืึธืŸ} ื”ืขืจืฆืขืจ -- ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืึธืŸ ืงืขืคึผ! 
(ื ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืŸ} ื–ื™ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ืจืŸ - 

ื ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืŸ) ื“ื™ ืžืึทืžืข ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื”ืึทื˜... (ืฆื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜ ืฆื•ื ื˜ืฒึทืš - ) 
ืึธ, (ื•ื•ืึทืกืขืจืŸ) ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืช! | 
ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื’ืขืฉื•ื•ื•ื™ืจืŸ! 


254 


ืฉืžืขื™ื” 


ืึทืœืข 
ืฆืคื ื™ื” 
ืฉื‘ื ื 
ืึทืœืข 


(ืคืึทืจืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ืคืœื˜ ื’ื™ื˜ ื ืึธืš) 

ืื™ืš ืœืขื‘! ืื™ืš ืœืขื‘! (ืขืจ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืฆื• ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืจืึธื›ืขื ืข ื˜ืจื™ื˜ ืœื™ื ืงืก ืื•ืŸ ื–ืขืฆื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ื“ืขืจ ืœืขืฆื˜ืขืจ ื‘ืฒึทื (ื‘ืจืขื’)} 

(ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ืŸ ื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืจื™ืง ื–ื™ืฆืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ืขืจื˜ืขืจ, ื“ื™ |ืงืขืคึผ} ืึทืจืึธืคึผื’ืขื”ืึธื ื’ืขืŸ) 

(ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื”ื•ื™ืš ืื™ื‘ืขืจืŸ ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ืงื•ืœื™ื”, ืžื™ื˜ืŸ {ืคึผืœื™ื™ืฆืข ืฆื•ื ืฆื•ืฉื•ื™ืขืจืŸ). 

(ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืึธืŸ ืฉืคึผื™ืœืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื”ืึทืจืคืข) 


(ื–ื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืœ, ืืฒึทื ื’ืขื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ) 


ื’ืขื™ืึธื’ื˜ืข, ื’ืขืคึผืœืึธื’ื˜ืข, 
ื“ื™ ื”ืขืจืฆืขืจ ื’ืขื‘ืจืึธื›ืŸ, 
ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืฆื• ื‘ื‘ืœืก 
ื˜ืฒึทื›ืŸ ื“ืขืจืงืจืึธื›ืŸ... 


ืคืึทืจืฉืขืžื˜ืข, ืฆืขืงืœืขืžื˜ืข 
ืžื™ื˜ ื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืจ-ื’ืขื–ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ - 
ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืฆื• ื‘ื‘ืœืก 
ื˜ืฒึทื›ืŸ ื“ืขืจื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ... 


ื’ืขืœืึธื–ืŸ ืึท ืžืึทืžืขืŸ 
ืึทืŸ ืขืœื ื˜ืข, ื•ื•ื™ืกื˜ืข - 
ืึธ ืžืึทืžืขื ื™ื• ืฆื™ื•ืŸ 
ืฐื•ื•ึผ ื‘ื™ืกื˜ื•? ืฐื•ึผ ื‘ื™ืกื˜ื•? 


ืฆื™ ื–ืขืกื˜ื• ื“ืขื ืฐืฒื™ื˜ืึธื’ 
ื“ืขื ืฆืขืจ, ื“ืขื ืฉื˜ื•ืžืขืŸืŸ?ืŸ 
ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืฆื• ื‘ื‘ืœืก 

ื˜ืฒึทื›ืŸ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ... 

ืึธ, ื˜ืฒึทื›ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืœ 

ืึธ ืžืขื›ื˜ื™ืงืข ื˜ืฒึทื›ืŸ - 

ืฆื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืง, 
ืฆื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื–ืฒื™ืŸ ื’ืœืฒึทื›ืŸ? 


255 





ื“ืขืจ ืฉืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืึทืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“ ืคึฟื•ืŸ "ืขืœ ื ื”ืจื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืœ" 


ื ืขืžื˜ ืฐืึทืกืขืจืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–, 
ืžื™ืจ ืฉื•ื•ื™ืžืขืŸ ืฆืฐื–ืึทืžืขืŸ - 
ืคืึทืจื˜ืจืึธื’ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืฐืฒื˜ืึธื’ 
ืžื™ื˜ ืืฒึทืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ืžืขืŸ! 


ืฆืคื ื™ื” (ืคืึทืœื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืกืขืจ) 
ืงื•ืœื™ื” (ื’ื™ื˜ ื˜ื™ืฃ ืึท ืงืจืขื›ืฅ) 

ืื‘ื™ื’ื™ืœ (ืคืึทืจื‘ืจืขื›ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜) 
ื”ืžื•ื˜ืœ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ...ืฉื•ื™ืŸ... 


ื“ืขืจ ืคืึธืจื”ืึทื ื’ ืคืึทืœื˜ ืœืึทื ื’ื–ืึทื 


ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ืึทืงื˜ 


ื“ื™ ืึธื ื˜ืฒื™ืœ-ื ืขืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืึทืงื˜ 


ืึทื‘ึฐื˜ึทืœึฐื™ึธื” ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ื ื™-ืœื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช-'ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ. 
ืฉื‘ื ื ืงื•ืœื™ื”ืก ื™ื™ึดื ื’ืกื˜ืขืจ ื–ื•ืŸ. 
ืงื•ืœื™ื” ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ืงื ื™ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื. 
ืฉืžืขื™ื” ืคื•ืŸ ื ื—ืœื 
ืึทื‘ื™ื’ื™ืœ ืงื•ืœื™ื”ืก ื˜ืึธื›ื˜ืขืจ 
ื ื‘ื•ื–ืจืึทื“ืŸ 2 ื“ืขืจ ืคืจืขืžื“ืขืจ = 
ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ื•ืœื™ื 
ื—ื•ืœื“ื” ืงื•ืœื™ื”ืก ื˜ืึธื›ื˜ืขืจ 
ืึท ื ืฒึท-ืึธื ื’ืขืงื•- ืคื•ืŸ ืžืฆืคึผื”. 
ืžืขื ืขืจ 
ื“ื™ ืกืฆืขื ืข ื•ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืกื•ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืึทืงื˜. 
ืึทื‘ื˜ืœื™ื” (ืึท ื™ื•ื ื’ืขืจ ืœื•ื™, ืงื•ืžื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื ืงืก ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื”ืึทืจืคืข, ืงื•ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึทืจื•ื, ืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ื“ื™ ื ื™ื˜-ืคืึทืจื ื•ืžืขื ืข ืขืจื˜ืขืจ) 
ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ! 


ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื ืึธืš! 

ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ -- (ืงื•ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื ืคื•ืŸ ืฐื•ึผ ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ) 
ืงื•ืžื˜! 

ืขืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืคืจืฒึทื™ืข ื“ืึธ ื ืึธืš ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืขืจ, 


27 


ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข 
ืึทื‘ื˜ืœื™ื” 


ืฉื‘ื ื 


ืึทื‘ื˜ืœื™ื” 


ืฉื‘ื ื 


ืึทื‘ื˜ืœื™ื” 


ืฉื‘ื ื 


ื ืึธืš ืึท ืกืš! (ืฆื•ื ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ืงื•ืœื™ื”) 
ืขืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืคืขืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืกื˜ืข. -- 
ืงื•ืžื˜ ืคึผืœืฒืฆืขืก ืืฒื™ื ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ื’ืขื ืข, ืงื•ืžื˜ ืžื™ื“ืข ืคื™ืก! 
(ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ, ืคืจื•ื™ืขืŸ, ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ-- ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ, ืฆืขืฉืคึผืจืฒื™ื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืฒึท, ืื•ืŸ ืึทืจื•ืก ื“ื™ ื–ื™ืฆื ื“ื™ืงืข) 
ื–ื™ืฆื˜! ื–ื™ืฆื˜! 
ืื•ืŸ ืคืจืขื’ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ: ืฐืขืจ ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜? 
ื•ื•ืขืจ ื‘ื™ืกื˜ื•? 
ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืฐืขืจ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืื™ื–, 
ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืึทื ืขืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืงื•ืžื˜-- 
ืขืก ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืฃ ื™ืขื“ื ืก ืคึผื ื™ื ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืงืจื™ืฆื˜... 
ื–ื™ืฆื˜! 
ื–ื™ืฆื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ืžื˜... 
(ื›ืึทืคึผื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ืึธืจื˜, ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืขืจืคืึธืจื›ื˜.) 
ืึทื‘ื˜ืœื™ื”! ื“ื• -- ื“ืึธ?! 
(ืคืึทืจืฐื•ึผื ื“ืขืจื˜) 
ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืจื•ื“ืขืจ -- 
ื”ื’ื ืื™ืš ืงืขืŸ ื“ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜, 
ื”ื’ื ื“ื™ ืžืึทืžืข ืžืฒึทื ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื”ืึทื˜- 
ื“ื• ืื•ื™ืš ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืžื™ื“ 
ืื•ืŸ ืžืึทื˜, 
ื“ื• ื’ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื•ื™ ืื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื’ืœื•ืช, ื•ื™ ืื™ืš ืึท ื™ื™ึตื“, 
ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื•ื™ ืื™ืš ืึท ื”ืึทืจืฃ-- 
(ืคืึทืจืฉืขืžื˜) 
ืžืฒึทืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฃ! ืžืฒึทืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฃ! 
ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ ืฆืขื‘ืจืขื›ืŸ ื–ื™, ืึทืจืฒึทื ืฐืึทืจืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืจืช... 
ืฆืขื‘ืจืขืš ื–ื™ ื ื™ื˜, ื ื™ื˜ ืฐืึทืจืฃ 
ื–ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ืฒึทืš-- 
ืื™ ื–ื™, ืื™ ื–ื™ืš... 
ื•ื•ืขืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ื“ืขืŸ, ืื™ืš, ืื™ืš, 
ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจื’ืœืฒื™ืš 
ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ืจ, ืึทื‘ื˜ืœื™ื”? 
ืึธ, ื‘ืŸ-ืœื•ื•ื™ื™ื, 
ืžืขื›ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ื“ื• ื–ื™ื ื’ืขืจ 
258 


ืึทื‘ื˜ืœื™ื” 


ืฉื‘ื ื 


ืึทื‘ื˜ืœื™ื” 


ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึธื˜ืก ื”ื™ื›ืœ! 

ื“ืฒึทื™ืŸ ืœื™ื“ ืฉื˜ืฒื™ื’ื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืฉื‚ื›ืœ, 

ืื™ื– ื”ืขื›ืขืจ ืฐื™ ื“ืึธืก ืฐืึธืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื... 
ืฉื‘ื ื ื“ืึทืจืฃ 

ื‘ืขืช ืึทื‘ื˜ืœื™ื” ืงื•ืžื˜ - ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ... (ืฆื• ืึทืœืขืžืขืŸ) 
ื‘ืึทื”ืึทืœื˜ ืžื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ืฆืขื‘ืจืขื›ื˜ ืžืฒื™ืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฃ! 
ืึธ ื’ืึธื˜-- 

ืฆื™ ืื™ื– ืขืก ืœื•ื™ื‘ ืฆื™ ืฉืคึผืึธื˜? 

ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขื’ืœื™ื™ื‘ื˜: 

ืžืฒึทืŸ ืœื™ื“ ื“ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜, 

ืžืฒึทืŸ ืœื™ื“ ืื™ื– ืฐื™ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’! 

ื“ืขืจืงืฐื•ื™ืงื˜ - 

ืขืจืฉื˜ ื ื™ื˜... 

ืื™ืš ื’ืœื™ื™ื‘ ื ื™ื˜ ืžืขืจืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืœื™ื“! 
ืžืฒึทืŸ ืœื™ื“ ืฐื™ ื ืึทื›ื˜ - 

ื“ืขืจืฉืœืึธื’ื˜, 

ืžืฒึทืŸ ืœื™ื“ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ืš ื“ืขืจื“ืจื™ืงื˜, 

ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ืš ืคืึทืจื˜ื•ื™ื‘ื˜, 

ื“ืฒึทื™ืŸ ืจื• ื’ืขืจื•ื™ื‘ื˜, 

ื“ื™ืš ืื•ืžืขื˜ื™ืง ื’ืขืžืึทื›ื˜ - 

ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฐื•'ืึท ื‘ื™ืŸ: 

ืก'ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืžืฒึทื™ืŸ ื”ืึธื ื™ืง ื–ื™ืก, 

ืขืก ืื™ื– 

ืžืฒึทืŸ ื‘ื™ืก! ืžืฒึทืŸ ื‘ื™ืก 

ืฐืึธืก ื˜ืจืขืคื˜ ื“ืขื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ... (ืคึฟืึทืจื“ืจืึธืกื™ืง) 
ืื™ืš...ืึท ืฉื˜ืขื›ืขื“ื™ืงืข ื‘ื™ืŸ! (ื•ื•ืขื ื“ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ืื™ื ืคึผืœื•ืฆืœื™ื ื’) 
ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืึท ื™ื™ึดืš? 

ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ! 

ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืึท ื™ื™ึดื“, 

ืื•ืŸ ื“ื• - ื“ื• ืึท ืœื•ื•ื™, ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืขื ื˜ืฉื˜.., 
ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ! 

ืฆื™ ื”ืึธืกื˜ื• ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื™ ืื™ืš 

ื’ืขืคืจื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš? 


259 


ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜, ื•ื™ ืื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืžื“ื‘ืจ-ื–ืึทืžื“ ื’ืขืœื™ื˜ืŸ? 
(ืึทื”ืขืจ}! 
ื“ืฒึทื™ืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฃ ืึทื”ืขืจ, 
ื’ื™ืš! ื’ื™ืš! 
ื ืขื ืžืฒึทื ืข, ื ืขื, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš 
ื ืขื ื“ื™ื™ื ืข -- (ื‘ืฒึทื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื) 
ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื”ืึทืจืคืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื‘ื™ื˜ืŸ, 
ื“ืฒึทื ืข ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืข, ืžืฒึทื ืข - 
ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืžืขืจ... 
ืึทื–ืฑ ื“ื™ ื”ืขืจืฆืขืจ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข -- ืื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฅ, 
ื“ืึธืก ื’ื•ื˜ืข ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืึธืก ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ืข - 
ืื™ื™ืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ื“ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื ืขื›ื˜ืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืžืึทืจืฅ... 
ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืึทืงืึทื ื˜, 
ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืžืขืจืขืจ ื•ื™ ื‘ืึทืงืึทื ื˜ืข - 
ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืœืึทื ื“, 
ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื“ืขืจ - ื™ืึท! 
ืื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืง ื“ืึธ, 
ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืึทื ื“ืข... 
ื•ื™ ืจื•ืคื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ืš? 

ืฉื‘ื ื / (ืœืึธื–ื˜ ืึทืจืึธืคึผ ื“ืขื ืงืึธืคึผ, ืฉืฐืฒึทื’ื˜) 

ืึทื‘ื˜ืœื™ื” ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื“ื™ืจ ืึทืจืฒึทื ื’ืขื“ืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ - 
ืขืก ืœื™ื’ื˜ ืึท ื”ืึทืจืฅ ืคืึทืจ ืžื™ืจ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฆืŸ ืึธืคืŸ: 
ื“ืึธืก ื˜ื™ืคืกื˜ืข ื“ืึธืก ื‘ืึทื”ืึทืœื˜ื ืกื˜ืข ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ืจ 
ื”ืึธื˜, ืฐื™ ืึท ืœื™ื“ 
ืฆืขื–ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ืจ, 
ื–ื™ืš ืฆืขื–ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืฆืขื’ืœื™ื˜ - 
ื›'ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื ืงืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื–ืขืœ ืึทืจืฒึทื ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธืคืŸ, 
ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึทืœืข ื–ื™ืš ืคืึทืจ ืžื™ืจ (ื’ืขืขืคื ื˜ืŸ 
ืงืœืึธืจ, 
ื“ืขืจ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ื“ืฒึทื ืขืจ ื ืึธืจ.- 
ืื™ืš ืงืขืŸ ื“ืขื ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ื“ืฒึทื ืขื ื ืึธืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื˜ืจืขืคืŸ! 


260 


ืฉื‘ื ื 
ืึทื‘ื˜ืœื™ื” 
ืฉื‘ื ื 


ืึทื‘ื˜ืœื™ื” 


ืฉื‘ื ื 
ืฉืžืขื™ื” 


ืงื•ืœื™ื” 


ืฉืžืขื™ื” 
ืงื•ืœื™ื” 
ืฉืžืขื™ื” 
ืงื•ืœื™ื” 


ื•ื™ ืจื•ืคื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ืš? 

ืฉื‘ื ื. 

ืฉื‘ื ื... ืฉื‘ื ื - ื‘ืŸ? - 

(ืฐืฒึทื–ื˜ ืึธืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ืงื•ืœื™ื”) 

ื“ืขืจ ืคืึธื˜ืขืจ ืžืฒึทื ืขืจ, ื“ืขืจ -- 

ื“ืขืจ ืึทืœื˜ืขื˜ืฉืงืขืจ, ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืจืฒื™ืขืจ... 

ืขืจ! ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช-'ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ืื™ื ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ! (ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš) 
ืงื•ืœื™ื”! 

ื™ืึธ ืงื•ืœื™ื”. 

(ืฉืคึผืจื™ื ื’ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ืึธืจื˜) 

ืงื•ืœื™ื”! 

ื•ื™ ืื•ืžืคืึทืจื”ืึธืคื˜, 

ื•ื™ ืฐื•ึผื ื“ืขืจืœืขืš ื“ืขืจ ื’ื•ืจืœ ื˜ืจืขืคื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืึธืคื˜, 
ืื™ืš ื’ื™ ืžื™ื˜ ืืฒึทืš ืฆืฐื–ืึทืžืขืŸ. 

ื”ืึทื ื˜ ื‘ืฒึท ื”ืึทื ื˜ ื“ืึธ 

ืฐืึธื›ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ! ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืฐืึธื›ืŸ 

ื•ื™ ืžื™ืจ ืฐืึทื ื“ืขืจืŸ ืฆืขืฐืฒื™ื˜ืึธื’ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฆืขื‘ืจืึธื›ืŸ 
ื“ื•ืจืš ื˜ืขื’ ื•ื™ ืคืœืึทืžืขืŸ... 

ื˜ืขื’ - 

ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืจืขื ืขื ื“ื™ืงืข ื–ืึทืžื“ืŸ, 

ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืฉืœืขืคึผื˜, ื’ืขืฉืœืขืคึผื˜! 

ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึธืจื‘ืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืœืขื‘ื˜! 

ื“ื•ืจืš ืฐื™ืกื˜ืข ื ืขื›ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืกื˜ืข, ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฉืœืึธืคืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขื ืื™ืš ืžืึทืš ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืขื’. 
ืงื•ืœื™ื”! ื“ื•! ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ืึท ื–ื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืœ? 


(ืื•ืžืฆื•ืคืจื™ื“ืŸ) 

ื™ืึธ, ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืœ... ืึท ืงื ืึทืคึผืขืจ ื ื—ืช -- 
ืึทื—ืึธื‘! 

ืึทื—ืึธื‘, ื™ืึธ... ืžืฒึทืŸ ื‘ื›ื•ืจ! 

ืึท ื ื‘ื™ื! 


ืฐืึธืก ืจืขื“ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืฐืึธืจ! 
ืื•ืŸ ืขืจื’ืขืจ ื ืึธืš ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืึธืŸ... 
ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจืžืึธืŸ ืื™ื ืžื™ืจ, ืึธ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจืžืึธืŸ - 


261 


ื™ืจืžื™ื”ื• ื›"ื˜ - 


ืคืก' ื›"ื 


ืึทื‘ื™ื’ื™ืœ 
ืงื•ืœื™ื” 


ืฉืžืขื™ื” 
ืงื•ืœื™ื” 
ืฉืžืขื™ื” 


ืึทื‘ื™ื’ื™ืœ 


ืฉืžืขื™ื” 


ืึทื‘ื™ื’ื™ืœ 
ืฉืžืขื™ื” 
ืงื•ืœื™ื” 


ืฉืžืขื™ื” 


ืงื•ืœื™ื” 
ืฉืžืขื™ื” 
ืงื•ืœื™ื” 


ืฉืžืขื™ื” 


ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืคืึทืœืŸ ื˜ื™ืฃ... 

ืงืขื ืกื˜ ื™ืจืžื™ื”ื•ืก ื‘ืจื™ื•ื•? 
ืคืึทืจืฉืึธืœื˜ืŸ ืื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืึธื˜ ืขืจ - 
ืคืึธื˜ืขืจ! 

(ืฆื• ืฉืžืขื™ื”ืŸ) 

ื“ื• ืงืขื ืกื˜ ืžืฒื™ืŸ ื–ื•ืŸ? 

ืื™ืš ืงืขืŸ ืื™ื... 

ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ืื™ื - 

ื•ื•ื•ึผ? 

ื•ื•ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ื• ืื™ื ื“ืขืจืงืขื ื˜, ื“ืขื ืคืึทืœืฉืŸ ื ื‘ื™ื? 
ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืœ. 

(ืฉืคึผืจื™ื ื’ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ืึธืจื˜) 

ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืœ? ื“ื•! 

ื™ืึธ, ืื™ืš... ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืœ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ... 
ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืžื™ืจ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืึทื–ืฑ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืึทื ื’ - 
ืื™ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ, ืื™ ื‘ืึทื ื’... 

ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ืขืจ ืงืฒื˜ื ืงืœืึทื ื’, 

ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ื–ืึทืžื“ื ื”ืฒืก, 

ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš... ืื™ืš ืฐื•ืฒื™ืก - 

ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืœ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ!... 

ื•ื•ืขืŸ? ื•ื•ืขืŸ? 


ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ืึธ, ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ืึทืžื“ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ. 


ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืึทื–ืฑ ื™ื•ื ื’ - 
ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืžืึธืœ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืœื•ืช! 


ื ื‘ื•ื›ื“ื ืืฆืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึท ื™ื™ึดื ื’ืขืจืŸ ืžื™ืš ื ืึธืš ื’ืขืคืึทื ื’ืขืŸ... 


ื›'ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื’ืขืคืขืœืŸ! 


ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืึทืจื˜ืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืงืขื ื™ื’ ืžื™ืš, ืžื™ื˜ ื™ื”ื•ื™ื›ื™ืŸ. 
ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื–ื•ืŸ! ืžืฒึทืŸ ื–ื•ืŸ... ื“ื• ืงืขื ืกื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื–ื•ืŸ? 


ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžืฒึทื™ืŸ ืฉื›ืŸ. 

ื•ื™ ืจื•ืคื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ืš, ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ? (ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš) 
ืฉืžืขื™ื”, ื™ืึธ... ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืฉืžืขื™ื”! 

ื“ื• ื–ืึธื’ ืžื™ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื ืฒึท ืื™ื... 

(ืฉื˜ื™ืœ) 


22 


ืงื•ืœื™ื” 


ืฉืžืขื™ื” 


ืึทื‘ื™ื’ื™ืœ 


ืฉืžืขื™ื” - 

ืฉืžืขื™ื”... ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ื˜ืึทืงืข ื™ืขื ืขืจ! 

ื•ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ืขืก ืคืึทืจื’ืขืกืŸ? 

ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืœ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืฐื•ืขื–ืŸ - 

ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ื™ืขื ืขืจ! ื™ืขื ืขืจ! 

ืึธ, ื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืจื™ืงืกื˜ืขืจ ื™ื™ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืข ืฆืฒึทื˜ืŸ, 

ืึธ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ืึธื‘ืœ! 

ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ื™ืขื ืขืจ, ื™ืขื ืขืจ - 

ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืฉื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืœ, 

ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืฉื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืŸ - 

ืคื•ืŸ ื ืึธื ื˜ืŸ ื‘ื™ืกื˜ื• ืฉืขื ืขืจ! | 

ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ืžืขืจ ืฆืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืœืขืจ ื™ืึธืžืขืจ - 

ืื•ืŸ ื˜ื™ืฃ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืจืŸ, 

ื™ืึธ, ืฉืžืขื™ื”... ื“ืขืจ ื ื—ืœืžืขืจ! 

ืฉืžืขื™ื”... ื“ื•! ื™ืขืฆื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš, ืฆื•ื ื‘ืึทื“ืฑืขืจืŸ, 

ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืขื•ืช - 

ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืฉืžืขื™ื” ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื•ื• ืื™ืŸ ื™ืจืžื™ื”ื•ืก... 
ื‘ืจื•ืš ื‘ืŸ-ื ืจื™ื” ืื™ื– ื‘ืฒึท ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื–ืŸ, 

ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืื™ื ื’ืขืœืขื–ืŸ... 

ืึธ, ื—ืœื•ื ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืฐืึธืก ืฐืึธืจ ืื™ื–! ื—ืœื•ื ืฉืฐื•ืขืจืขืจ! 

ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ื‘ืจื™ื•ื• ื’ืขืœืขื–ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืžืขืจืขืจ... 
ืขืจ ืฉื™ืœื˜ ืื™ื™ืš ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืŸ, ื™ืจืžื™ื”... ืื™ืš, ืื™ืŸ ืžืฒึทื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง-ื’ืจื•ื™ืก, 
ื”ืึธื‘ ืื•ื™ืš ืคืึทืจื‘ืจืึธื›ืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืข ื”ืขื ื˜: 

ืึธ, ื’ืึธื˜! 

ื”ืœื•ื•ืื™ ืฐืึธืœืกื˜ื•, ื“ื• ืฉืžืขื™ื”, ื“ื•, ืึทื ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ 

ืžืฒึทืŸ ืึทื—ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึทืจืฑืก 

ืคื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืข ืœืขื ื“, 

ื›'ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืึท ื’ืขืฉืขื ื“ื˜ืŸ ื–ื•ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืึท ื–ื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืฉืขื ื“ื˜! 
ื–ืฒึท ืžื•ื—ืœ, ืฉืžืขื™ื”, ืžื™ืจ ื‘ื™ึทื™ื ืจืึทื ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ!... (ืคึผืึทืœื˜ ืื™ื ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคึฟื™ืก) 
(ื“ืขืจืฉืœืึธื’ืŸ, ื”ื™ื™ื›ื˜ ืื™ื ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ, ื–ืขืฆื˜ ืื™ื ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฒึท 

ื“ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜, ืคืึทืœื˜ ืฆื• ืฆื•ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจื ืขื‘ืŸ, ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ื˜ ื“ืขืจืฉืœืึธื’ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ื ื–ื™ืฆืŸ.) 
(ืงื•ืงื˜ ืคืึทืจืฐื•ึผื ื“ืขืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืคืึธื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืฉืžืขื™ื”ืŸ) 

ืฐืึธืก ืงื•ืžื˜ ื“ืึธ ืคืึธืจ? (ืฆื•ื ืคึฟืึธื˜ืขืจ) 


263 


ืงื•ืœื™ื” 


ืึทื‘ื™ื’ื™ืœ 
ืึทื‘ื˜ืœื™ื” 


ืฆื™ ื”ืึธืกื˜ื• ื’ืึธืจ 
ืคืึทืจ ืื™ื ืคืึทืจื–ื™ื ื“ื™ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš? 

ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ืš... ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ืš... 

ืžืฒึทืŸ ืงื™ื ื“! 

ืคืึทืœ ืื•ื™ืš, ื‘ืขื˜ ืื•ื™ืš 

ื‘ืฒึท ืื™ื ืคืึทืจื’ืขื‘ื•ื ื’... 

ื‘ืขื˜ ื”ื•ื™ืš 

ืคืึทืจ ืึทื—ืึธื‘ืก, ืคึผืึทืจ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืจื•ื“ืขืจืก ื–ื™ื ื“... 

ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืึทืจืคื™ืจื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฐืฒึทื‘! 

ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื™ืจืžื™ื”ื• ืฉืจืฒื™ื‘ื˜ - 

ืขืจ ืฉืจืฒื™ื‘ื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืงืœืึธืจ: (ื‘ืึทื“ืขืงื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜ ื“ืขื ืงืึธืคึผ) 

ืฐืึธืก ืงื•ืžื˜ ื“ืึธ ืคืึธืจ? (ืฆืขืฉื˜ืจื•ื™ื˜, ื‘ืœืฒึทื™ื‘ื˜ ื–ื™ืฆืŸ ื ืขื‘ืŸ ืคืึธื˜ืขืจ) 

(ืงืœืึทืคึผื˜ ืฉื˜ืึทืจืง ืึธืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืกื˜ืจื•ื ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฃ) 

ื ืขื, ืฉื‘ื ื, ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฃ ื•ื™ ืื™ืš, ื•ื™ ืื™ืš, ืงืœืึทืคึผ ืึธืŸ ื“ื™ |ื ืกื˜ืจื•ื ืขืกืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ืึทืฉืฒื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืฅ, ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ื ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ. 

ื’ื™ืš ื˜ื•ื ืง ืžื™ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืคึผ ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ื’'ื ืข ื–ื•ื ืขืŸ - 

ื’ื™ืš-ื’ื™ืš! ืฐืฒึทืœ ื–ื™ ืฆืขืจื™ื ืขืŸ... ื–ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืฆืขืจื•ื ืขืŸ! 

ืึธื˜ ืฐืขืœืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื–ื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฆืขื–ื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš, ื–ื™ื ื’ ืžื™ื˜! 

ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ, ืืฑืกื’ืขื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ, ื–ื™ืš ืฆืขื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืŸึทืœื™ื“. ืŸ 


ื–ื™ื ื’, ื–ื™ื ื’... ื’ืขื–ืึทื ื’! 

ืขืก ืื™ื– ื“ื™ืจ ื‘ืึทื ื’, 

ืึทื™ืึธ? ืขืก ืื™ื– ื“ื™ืจ ืฉืฐื•ืขืŸ}ืจ? 
ื–ื™ื ื’! ื–ื™ื ื’! 

ืื•ืŸ ืก'ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื“ื™ืจ ื’ืจื™ื ื’ - 

ื–ื™ื ื’! ื–ื™ื ื’! 

ืื•ืŸ ืก'ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื“ื™ืจ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ... 

ื–ื™ื ื’ ืžืขืจ - 

ืื•ืŸ ืก'ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื“ื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ืœืฒึทื›ื˜! 


ื–ื™ื ื’, ื–ื™ื ื’ -- ื’ืขื–ืึทื ื’! 
ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืึธื’ ืžื™ืจ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืคืึทืจืœืึทื ื’ - 


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ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืึธื’ ืื™ื, ื–ื™ื ื’! 

ื’ืขื–ืึทื ื’ - ืก'ืื™ื– ืคื•ืœ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื–ืขืœ - 

ื’ื™ืก ืื•ื™ืก! 

ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืขืœ ืื™ืŸ ืงืขืœ - 

ืึท ื˜ืฒึทืš! 

ืขืก ื’ื™ืกื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืจืขื’ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืึทืจืฑืก, 

ื™ืขืฆื˜ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ืจ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืคืฒึทื™ื›ื˜, 

ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืงืœืึธืจ, | 

ืื•ืŸ ืœืฒึทื›ื˜ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ืจ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ, ืœืฒึทื›ื˜! 

ื–ื™ื ื’, ื–ื™ื ื’! 

ื’ืขื–ืึทื ื’ ืื™ื– ื—ืœื•ื ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ื•ื•ืึธืจ, 

ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึท ื—ืœื•ื ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืฐืึทื›ืŸ, 

ืึท ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืœืึทื›ืŸ, 

ื–ื™ื ื’, ื–ื™ื ื’ -- ื’ืขื–ืึทื ื’! 

ืื™ื– ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฆื™ื›ื˜ืŸ - 

ื–ื™ื ื’ - ืฉืœืขืคืขืจ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ืš, 

ืžื™ื˜ ืฉืึธื˜ื ืก ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืฉืฒึทืŸ ืžื™ืš... 

ื–ื™ื ื’ - ืจืฒึทืก ืžื™ืš ืื•ื™ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืœืึธืฃ 

ื–ื™ื ื’, ื–ื™ื ื’ -- ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืŸ, 

ืึธืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ -- ืœื™ื›ื˜ืขืจ ื ืึธืจ, ื ืึธืจ ืœื™ื›ื˜ืขืจ! 

ื–ึดื™ื ื’ - ื–ื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืึธื ื”ืฒื™ื‘ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืกื•ืฃ 

ืคื•ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืœืขื›ืŸ ื’ืขื“ืึทื ืง - 

ื’ืขื–ืึทื ื’! 

ื–ื™ื ื’ ืฉื‘ื ื, ื–ื™ื ื’ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ, ื“ื• ื“ืึทืจืคืกื˜ ื ืึธืจ ืฐืขืœืŸ - 

ื–ื™ื ื’, ื–ื™ื ื’, ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฃ... ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ืึธืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืขื ื“ื™ืง - ืกืœื”! 
ืฉื‘ื ื (ืงืœืึทืคึผื˜ ืึธืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื˜ืจื•ื ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฃ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื ื’ื˜): 
ืชื”ืœื™ื ืงืœ"ื 

ื) ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืžืขืœื•ืช ืœื“ื•ื“ - 
ืึธื˜ ืฐืขืœ ืื™ืš ื–ื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืฆื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืื•ื™ืคืฉื˜ื™ื™ื’ืœื™ื“ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืฉื˜ื™ื’ืŸ! 
ืึท ื’ืขื–ืึทื ื’ ืฆื• ื“ื•ื“ืŸ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื ื™ื ื•ืŸ. 


ื’ืึธื˜! ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื’ืจื•ื™ืกื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฅ ืื™ืŸ ืคื•ืœืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืœื•ื™ื‘ืŸ - 
ืื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืข ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ... 


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ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ - 
ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืฆื• ืฐื•ึผื ื“ืขืจืœืขืš ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืื™ื– - ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืื•ื™ืกืŸ... 


ื‘) ืฆื™ ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืฐื•'ืึท ืงื™ื ื“ ืื™ืŸ ืžืึทืžืขืก ืฉื•ื™ืก ื–ื™ืš ืคืึธืจื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืžืฒึทื™ืŸ ื–ืขืœืข? 
ืžืฒึทืŸ ื–ืขืœ -- ื•'ืึท ืงื™ื ื“ ืึทื ื˜ืฐื™ื™ื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ืจ, ืฐื•'ืึท ืงื™ื ื“ ื’ืขืคืขืœืŸ - 


6 ื”ืึธืฃ, ื”ืึธืฃ ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ, ื“ื•, ืฆื• ื’ืึธื˜ ื”ืึธืฃ ื’ืœืฒื‘ื™ืง! 
ื“ื• ื”ืึธืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขืฆื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ - ืื•ืŸ ืึทื–ืฑ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืืฒื‘ื™ืง... 


ืึทื‘ื˜ืœื™ื” ื–ืขืกื˜, ืก'ืื™ื– ื“ื™ืจ ื’ืขืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ! 
ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื“ืึธืก ื”ืึทืจืฅ, ื“ืึธืก ืคื•ืœืข ืืฑืกื’ืขื’ืึธืกืŸ, 
ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ 
ื•ื™ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ืึธืกืฃ... 


ืฉื‘ื ื ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื“ืึธืก ืื•ื™ืคืฉื˜ื™ื™ื’ืœื™ื“ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ื’ืŸ 
ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ืฐืึธืก ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ื›ืœ-ื˜ื™ืจ.,. ืฐืึธืก ื‘ืฒึท ื“ืขืจ ื˜ื™ืจ! 
ืึทื‘ื˜ืœื™ื” ืขืก ื”ืขืจืŸ ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ื™ืจ ื“ื™ืš ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืžืขืจืขืจ! 


ืึทืœืข ืขื•ืœื™-ืจื’ืœ, ืฐืึธืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ื™ืจ, 
ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ืฒึทื™ื ืข ื”ืขืจืขืจ! 

ืึทืœืข ืขื•ืœื™ื“ืจื’ืœ - 

ื–ื™ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืจ-ื”ื‘ื™ืช, ื–ื™ ืœื™ื’ืŸ - 
ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ื’ืŸ, 

ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึทืœืข ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ 

ืฐืึธืก ืคื™ืจืŸ ืฆื• ื’ืึธื˜ืก ื”ื•ื™ื– - 

ืึท ืกืš! ืึท ืกืš! 

ืึท ืžื—ื ื” ื’ืจื•ื™ืก! 

ืžื™ื˜ ืฐืฒึทื‘ ืื•ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“, 

ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืฉืขืคึผืกืขืœืขืš ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื’ืŸ, 
ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืื™ื– ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืฉื•ื™ืก, 

ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ืžืœ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื“ืึทืš - 

ืึท ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜, 

ืึท ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ืขืœืข ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืฒื™ืœื™ืงืกื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื’ืœ, 

ื˜ืจืึธื’ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™, ื˜ืจืึธื’ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขื ื ื™ื’ื•ืŸ 
ืฐืฒึทื˜ ืฐืฒึทื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ื ืึธืš, 


26 


ืฉื‘ื ื 


ืึทื‘ื˜ืœื™ื” 


ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขื ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืืจ-ืฉื‘ืข... 
ืึธ, ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ืขืœืข ื’ืขื‘ืขื ื˜ืฉื˜, ื“ืขืจืคืจื™ื™, ื“ืขืจื”ืฒื™ื˜ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™, 
ื ืึธืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจื•ื•ื™ื’ ื–ื™ื™, 

ื ืึธืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจืฉืœืขืคืขืจ! 

ื–ื™ ืœื™ื’ืŸ, ืœื™ื’ืŸ 

ืื•ืŸ ื”ืขืจืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืจ-ื”ืžืขืœื•ืชืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•, 

ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ืคืฉื˜ื™ื™ื’ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ื’ืŸ - 

ื–ื™ ื”ืขืจืŸ, ื”ืขืจืŸ -- ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืฐื•ึผ! 

ืฆื™ ืงื•ืžื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื™ืžืœ ื”ืขืœ? 

ืฆึดื™ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืขื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื•ื•ืขืœ 

ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช-ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ? 

ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื•ื™ ืึท ื’ืœื™ืง ืขืก, 
ื–ื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ื‘ืฒึท ื“ืขืจ ื˜ื™ืจ - 

ืคืจื™ื™ ื–ื™ืš, ืคืจื™ื™ ื–ื™ืš, ืฉื‘ื ื, ืก'ืื™ื– ื“ื™ืจ ื’ืขืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ! 
ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื“ืึธืš ื‘ืฒึท ื“ืขืจ ื˜ื™ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื›ืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ - 
ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื ืึธืจ ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ืฐืึธืก ื‘ืฒึท ื“ืขืจ ื˜ื™ืจ... 
ืึท ื“ืึทื ืง ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฃ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืžื™ืจ 

ืึธืคึผื ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื™ืขืฆื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื“ืึธ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ืจ... 

ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ืžืฒื™ืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฃ - , ื–ื™ ืฆื™ื˜ืขืจื˜, ื–ืข, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืฒึทื ืข ื”ืขื ื˜. 
ื•ื™ ื–ื™ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื“ื™ืš ื’ืขืงืขื ื˜... 

ืึธ ื–ื™ื ื’ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ืจ 

ื“ื™ ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ื“ืฒื™ื ืข ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ื™ืจ... 

ื–ื™ื ื’ ืœืึทื‘ื˜ืœื™ื” ืฉื™ืจ, 

ืฉื™ืจ-ืžื–ืžื•ืจ! 

(ืงืœืึทืคึผื˜ ืึธืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื˜ืจื•ื ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืึทืจืฃ) 

ื”ืขืจื˜ ืึทืœืข, ื”ืขืจื˜: 

ืขืก ืจืขื“ื˜ ื“ืึธืš ื ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืขืจื“, 

ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ื™ืžืœืขืŸ -- ื”ืขืจื˜ ืืฒื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืš, ืฆื™ ื–ื™ื™ ืจื™ื™ื“ืŸ? 

ื–ื™ ืจื™ื™ื“ืŸ ื ื™ื˜, 

ื–ื™ ื–ื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ืึท ื’ืขื–ืึทื ื’, 

ื–ื™ ื–ื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ื‘ืึทื ื’ - 

ืึธื˜ ืฐืขืœ ืื™ืš ืื•ื™ืš ืฆืขื–ื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ื“ืŸ! 

ืฆื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ืฐื™ ืก'ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืึธืŸ ืฆื• ื˜ืึธื’ืŸ 


267 


ืึทืœืข 


ืึทื‘ื˜ืœื™ื” 


ืื•ื™ืฃ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ? 

ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ ืขืก ืื™ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ, 

ืื™ืš ื•ื•ืขืœ'ืก ื‘ืึทื–ื™ื ื’ืขืŸ, 

ื‘ืึทื–ื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ื– ืžื™ืจ ื’ืจื™ื ื’ืขืจ... 

ืื™ืš ื•ื•ืข}ืœ'ืก ื‘ืึทื–ื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืึทืกืŸ, ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืง: 
ืคืจื™ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืึธืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืคึผื™ืฆืŸ ืžื™ื–ืจื—-ื‘ืขืจื’ 

ื“ื™ ื”ืขื›ืขืจืข, ื“ื™ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจืข 

ืฆื• ื’ืœื™ืขืŸ, 

ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ืขืจืฉื˜ ืคืึทืœื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ 

ืึท ืฉื˜ืจืึทืœ ืึทืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ, ืึท ื’ืขืœืฒึทื˜ืขืจื˜ืขืจ 

ืื•ื™ืฃ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ - | 

ืื•ืŸ ืก'ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืœื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง - ืก'ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืขืŸ! 

ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืœื™ื ื“ืข ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืึธืŸ ืฆื• ื–ืขืŸ, 

ืื•ืŸ ืก'ื”ืขืจืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื‘ืข, 

ืื•ืŸ {ืื•ืž)ื’ืœื™ื™ื‘ื™ืงืข -- ื–ื™ื™ ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืึธืŸ ืฆื• ื’ืœื™ื™ื‘ืŸ, 
ืฉื˜ื•ืžืข ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืจืขื“ืขื•ื•ื“ื™ืง ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ, 

ืื•ืŸ ืึธืจืขืžืข ืฐื•ืขืจืŸ ืจืฒึทืš, 

ืื•ืŸ ืจืฒึทื›ืข ืึธืจืขื - 

ืึธืจืขื - ื•ื•ื™ื™ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ืขืŸ, 

ืึธืจืขื ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจื’ืœืฒึทืš 

ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืœื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืงืœืึธืจืข, 

ืฐืึธืก ืคืึทืœื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ. 

ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืœื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืคืึทืœื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ! 

(ืงืœืึทืคึผื˜ ืฉื˜ืึทืจืงืขืจ ืึธืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืกื˜ืจื•ื ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฃ) 

ืฆื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืื™ืจ ื•ื™ ืก'ื•ื•ืึทื›ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืžืึธืจื’ื ืจื•ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ, 
ืื•ื™ืฃ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื-ื”ื™ื’ืœืขืŸ? 

ืฆื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ืึทืŸ ืึธื“ืœืขืจ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืฆื• ืคืœื™ึดืขืŸืŸืŸ 
ืžื™ื˜ ืืฑื™ืกื’ืขืฉืคึผืจืฒื˜ืข ืคืœื™ื’ืœืขืŸ? 

ื ื™ื˜ ืขื ืœืขืš, ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืึธืจ ื ื™ื˜! 


ืฆื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืื™ืจ, ื–ืึธื’ื˜, ืฐื™ ื“ืขืจ ืคืจื™ืžืึธืจื’ืŸ ืขืคื ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืฐื™ืžืคึผืขืจ 
ืื•ื™ืฃ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ, ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืžืึทืžืขืŸ? 
ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ื•ื™ ืก'ื‘ืจืขื›ืŸ ื“ื•ื ืขืจืŸ ืืฑื™ืก ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื’ืขืงืœื™ืžืคึผืขืจ, 


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ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืœื™ืฆืŸ - ืคืœืึทืžืขืŸ? 
ื ื™ื˜ ืขื ืœืขืš, ื ื™ื˜ ืึท ื”ืึธืจ ื ื™ื˜! 


ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืื™ืจ ื•ื™ ืึทื–ืฑ ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืคื’{ืขื”ืขืœื˜} ืื•ื™ืฃ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ {ื‘ื–ืึทื’ื™ื ืŸืขื–ืŸ! 

ืึท ืœื™ื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜ ื–ื•ื ืขืŸ? 

ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ืึทืŸ ืื™ื ื“ ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืึธืคืŸ-ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜, ืฐืึธืก ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืึท ืงืฐื•ืึทืœ ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ - 
ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ! 

ืฆื™ื•ืŸ, ืงืฐืึทืœ, ื“ื• ืงืœืึธืจืขืจ! 


ืฆื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืื™ืจ ื•ื™ ืก'ืฐื•ืึทื›ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืžืึธืจื’ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื“ืจื™ืžืœืขืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ืขืคื ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ, ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ-ื‘ืึทืจื’ ื“ื™ ืฐื™ึดืขืก? 

ืึธ, ื ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื–ื•ืŸ... ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืึธื˜ {ืคื–ืึทืจืœืึธื–ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื”ื™ืžืœืขืŸ 

ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ืึทืจืึธืคึผ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ - 

ืึธ ืืžืชืข, ืึธ ืฐืึธืจืข! 


ืึทืœืข ืึท ืืžืชืข, ืึธ ืฐืึธืจืข! 
ื“ืขืจ ืคืจืขืžื“ืขืจ (ืจืฒึทืกื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืขื•ืœื ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืกืฆืขื ืข) 
ื•ื•ืขืจ ื’ื™ื™ื˜? ืึธ ื•ื•ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืืฒึทื™ืš? 
ื•ื•ืขืจ ืฉืœืฒื™ื›ื˜ 
ืžื™ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื™ืขืฆื˜ ื’ืœืฒื™ืš | 
ืื•ื™ืฃ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืงืจื•ืžืข, ืฉื˜ื™ืœืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜?: 
ื•ื•ืขืจ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขื”ื™ื™ื 
ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ืึทื”ื™ื™ื? 
ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”! 
ื•ื•ืขืจ? ืฐืขืจ? ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜! 
ืงื•ืœื™ื” ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืจืขื ื˜! 
| ื–ื™ ื‘ืจืขื ื˜, ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจื‘ืจืขื ื˜! | 
ืื™ืจืข ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ื“ ื’ืขื™ืึธื’ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืœื•ืช... (ืฆื•ื ืคืจืขืžื“ืŸ) 
ื•ื•ืขืจ ื‘ื™ืกื˜ื•, ืฐืึธืก ื“ื™ืš ืฆื™ื˜ 
ืึทื–ืฑ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”? 
ื“ืขืจ ืคืจืขืžื“ืขืจ ื›'ื‘ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“, 
ื ื™ื˜ ืืฒื™ืขืจืขืจ ืึท ื‘ืจื•ื“ืขืจ - 
ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืขืก ืฐืขืจืŸ! 


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ืึทืœืข 
ื“ืขืจ ืคืจืขืžื“ืขืจ 


ืฉืžืขื™ื” 


ื“ืขืจ ืคืจืขืžื“ืขืจ 
ืฉืžืขื™ื” 


ื“ืขืจ ืคืจืขืžื“ืขืจ 


ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืฆื• ืืฒึทืš ื’ืขื”ืขืจืŸ... 

(ืึท ืฉื˜ื™ืœืขืจ ื’ืขืžื•ืจืžืœ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืึทืœืข ืึทื“ื•ืจืš) 

ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ื˜ ืžื™ืจ'ืก ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจื•ื•ืขืจืŸ, 

ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ื˜ ืขืก ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜, ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืžื™ืจ'ืก ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื˜ืŸ! (ืฆื• ืึทื‘ื˜ืœื™ื”ืŸ) 
ื“ื•! ื“ื•ื™ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ-ืœื™ื“, 

ืื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืฐื™ื™ื˜ืึธื’ื“ื™ืงืขืจ, ืื™ื™ื˜ืขืจื“ื™ืงืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“-- 
ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฅ ืžื™ืจ ืื•ืžื’ืขื‘ื™ื˜ืŸ, 

ืื™ืŸ ืฉืžืึทืจืฆืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืชึผืขื ื•ื’! 

ืึธ ื”ืฒื™ืœื™ืงืขืจ ื“ื• ื–ื™ื ื’ืขืจ! 

ืึธ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ! ืคืึธืœืง ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืึทื›ืคึผืขืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืคึผืจื™ืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ืึทื–ืฑ ื’ืขืคึผืฒึทื ื™ืงื˜... 

ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืกื˜ืข ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทืฐื™ื–ืŸ, 
ื‘ืึทืฐืฒึทื–ื˜ ื™ืขืฆื˜ ืขืคึผืขืก ื’ืจื™ื ื’ืขืจืก: 

ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืฒึทื™ืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฅ ื’ืขืขื ื“ืขืจื˜, ืขื ื“ืขืจื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื“ืึธืก ืคึผื ื™ื :- 
ืžืขืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ืžื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจืงืึธื ืขืŸ... 

ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ ื‘ืฒึท ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฆืŸ, ืคืจืฒึทื ื“, 

ื•ื™ ืื•ื™ืš ื‘ืฒึท ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขื–ื™ื›ื˜ - 

ื™ืขื“ืขืก ื”ืึทืจืฅ - ื”ื’ื ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืŸ - ืฉื™ึทื™ื ื˜, 

ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื•ืขื–ื“ืŸ ืคึผื ื™ื ืคืึทืœื˜ ืึทืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจ ืœื™ื›ื˜... 
ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ ืฐืึธืก ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜! 

ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืึท ื’ืฑ. 

ืึท ื’ื•ื™? 

ื˜ืึธ ื–ืฒึท ื’ืขื’ืจื™ืกื˜! 

ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ ืฐืึธืก ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ - 

ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ืžืœ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืš ื‘ืœื•ื™, 

ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืขืจื“ ืื™ื– ืฉืฐืึทืจืฅ - 

ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ (ื‘ืฒึท} ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฅ, 

ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืฒึท ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืคึผื ื™ื ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘! 

ืึธ ื ื™ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจื˜ืจืฒึทื‘ ืžื™ืš, ืฉืžืขื™ื”, ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจื˜ืจืฒึทื‘! 
ืฉืžืขื™ื”! 

ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ 

ื‘ืขืช ื•ื•ืขืŸ | 

ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืจืช ื’ืขืฉืคึผืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ - 


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ืื•ืŸ ืึทืจืฑืก ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืœืก ืฐืึทืกืขืจืŸ ืึท ื ืฒึทืขืจ, 
ืึท ื‘ืึทืคึผืจืฒึทืขืจ -- 
ืฉืžืขื™ื”! (ืฐืฒึทื–ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึทื‘ื˜ืœื™ื”ืŸ) 
ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ - ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื’ืึธืกืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื“ 
ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื‘ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ - 
ืึธ, ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจื™ืึธื’, ืžื™ืš, ืฉืžืขื™ื”, ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจื™ืึธื’! 
ืฉืžืขื™ื” ื’ืึธื˜ ื‘ืึทื”ื™ื˜! 
ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืžืขืจืขืจ. ืœื™ื‘ ื“ืขื ืืžืชืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ื•ื™, 
ื•ื™ ื“ืขื ื’ื•ื™ ืฐืึธืก ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืึท ื™ื™ื“, 
ื›-ื”ืึธื‘ ืœื™ื‘ ืึท ื’ื•ื™ ืึท ื’ื•ื™ึดืฉืŸ ื ืึธืš ืžืขืจ 
ื•ื™ ืึท ื’ืฑ ืึท ื’ืจ - 
ื“ืขืจ ืคืจืขืžื“ืขืจ ืึธ ื–ืึธื’ ืขืก ื ื™ื˜! 
ื ื™ื˜ ืจื™ื™ื“, ื ื™ื˜ ืจื™ื™ื“ ืึทื–ืฑื™... (ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ืขื ืงืฉืึทืคื˜) 
ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื™ืžืœื‘ืœื•ื™! 
ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉึธืจื•ืŸ-ื’ืจื™ืŸ! 
ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ-ืฉื™ื™ืŸ! 
ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ! 
ืžื™ืš ืฆื™ื˜ 
ืึทื”ื™ืŸ... ืึทื”ื™ืŸ... 
ืฉืžืขื™ื” ืึธ, ื˜ื• ืขืก ื ื™ื˜! 
ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ืžืœื‘ืœื•ื™ ืื™ื– ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืื•ืŸ ืืฒึทืš 
ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืœืฒึทื™ืš... 
ืื•ืŸ ื’ื•ื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืจ'ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืœืฒึทืš! 
ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืขื ืœืขืš - ืื™ื– ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืึธืจืขื, ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ - ืื™ื– ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืจืฒึทืš! 
ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ืžืœื‘ืœื•ื™ -- ื“ืึธ ื˜ื™ืคืขืจ! ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ ืื™ื– ืขืจ ืงืœืขืจืขืจ... 
ื“ืึธ ืงื•ื™ื ืคืึทืจืฐืึธืœืงื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืคืึทืจืฐืึธืœืงื ื˜ ืžืขืจืขืจ... 
ื“ืึธืก ืฉืฐื•ืึทืจืฆืข ืื™ืŸ ื”ืขืœ-ื‘ืœื•ื™ืขืŸ ืื™ื– ืึท ืžืึธืœ ื ืึธืš ืฉืขื ืขืจ, 
ืื•ืŸ ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ-ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืงืกื™ืงืข ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืš ื ื™ื˜ ืงืœืขื ืขืจ... 
ืื•ืŸ ื–ืึธื’ ืื™ืš ืฆื™ื•ืŸ - 
ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืึทืฉื•ืจืขืจ: ื ื™ื ื•ื”! ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžืฆืจื™: ืžื•ึนืฃ! 
ื ื™ื˜ ืœื•ื™ืฃ ืฆื•ื ืฆื™ื•ืŸ-ื’ืจื™ืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ ืœื•ื™ืฃ, ื ื™ื˜ ืœืฑื™ืฃ... 
ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ืคืึทืจื‘ืœื™ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืคืจืขืžื“ืข ื‘ืœื™ืขืŸ! 


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ื“ืึธืก ืคืจืขืžื“ืข ื’ืจื™ืŸ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืš ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืจื™ืŸ, ืก'ืื™ื– ืฉื™ืžืœ! 
ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืฒึทื˜ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืขืจื“ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจื˜ื•ื™ืฉ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื”ื™ืžืœ... 
ืึธ, ื˜ื• ืขืก ื ื™ื˜! 
ืึท ื’ื•, ืึท ื™ื™ื“ - 
ื–ืึธื’ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš: ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ืึธืš ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ! 
ื“ืขืจ ืคืจืขืžื“ืขืจ ืคืึทืจื’ื™ื ืกื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื ื™ื˜? -- ืคืึทืจื’ื™ืŸ! 
ืคืึทืจื’ื™ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื›ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืึธื˜, 
ืคืึทืจื’ื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืืžืช ืžื™ืจ, ืคืึทืจื’ื™ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขื ืึธื“! 
ืฆื™ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื“ืขืŸ ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ ืžื™ืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืœื™ื›ื˜ ืคืึทืจ ื“ื™ืจ ื’ืขืžื™ื ืขืจื˜? 
ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืœื™ื›ื˜ ืื™ื– ืึธืŸ ืึท ืžืึธืก! 
ืขืก ืคืึทืœื˜ ื“ืึธืš ืึธืŸ ืึท ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ื’ืจืึธื–, 
ืื•ื™ืฃ ื’ืจืึธื–ืŸ ื’ืจื™ื ืข -- 
ืžืขื’ืกื˜ ืขืก ืžื™ืจ ืคืึทืจื’ื™ื ืขืŸ! 
ืฉืžืขื™ื” / ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ืžื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ืึทื ืขืŸ - 
ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื›ื˜, ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื™ืขืฆื˜ ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜, 
ืฐืึธืก ื˜ื•ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื™ืžืœ ืคืœื™ืกืŸ - 
ืฐืึทืจืขืžื˜ ืึทืœืขืžืขืŸ ื“ืึธ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืื•ืŸ ื’ืœืขื˜, 
ื˜ื•ื˜ ืึทืœืขืžืขืŸ ื‘ืึทืฉืฒึทื ืขืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทื’ื™ืกืŸ, 
ื˜ื•ื˜ ืึทืœืขืžืขืŸ ื’ืขื”ืขืจืŸ - 
ืก'ืื™ื– ื“ืฒึทื ืข ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– ืžืฒึทื ืข - 
ื“ื• ื“ืึทืจืคืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ 
ื›ึผื“ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื’ืึธื˜ืก ื’ืขื ื™ืกืŸ - 
ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ืžื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ืึทื ืขืŸ! 
ื ื™ื˜ (ื–ื–ืึธื’ ื•ึทืžื™ืจ} ื•ื•ื•ืขืจ} ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜, ืื™ืš ื“ืึทืจืค'ืก ื ื™ื˜ ื•ืฑืกืŸ! 
ื ื™ื˜ (ื–ืึธื’} ืคื•ืŸ ืฐื•ึผ ื“ื• ืงื•ืžืกื˜... ืึธ ื–ืึธื’ ืžื™ืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืึทื ืขืŸ - 
ื•ืžืข)ื’ืกื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืึท ื›ึผืฉื‚ื“ื™, ืžืขื’ืกื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืืฉื•ืจ - 
ื‘ึดื™ืกึฐื˜ ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขื ืœื™ื›ื˜, ื“ืขื ืืฒื‘ื™ืงืŸ, 
ื•ื™ ืื™ืš ืึท ื™ื™ึทื“, ืฐื™ ืึทืœืข ื’ืœืฒื‘ื™ืงืข, 
| ื’ืขื›ึผืฉืจื˜... 
ื“ืขืจ ืคืจืขืžื“ืขืจ ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื“ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ืึทื ืขืŸ - ืื™ืš, ื“ืขืจ ื’ื•ื™... 
ื“ื• ืคื•ืึทืจื–ืฉื˜ืฒืกื˜ ืžื™ืš ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืึทื ืฅ ื’ืขื ื•ื™ - 
ืฆื™ ืคืึทืจื”ืึทื ื“ืœ ืื™ืš ืžืฒึทืŸ ื ืคืฉ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ืžืึทืจืง ื“ืึธ? 


272 


ืึทื‘ื˜ืœื™ื” 


ื“ืขืจ ืคืจืขืžื“ืขืจ 
ืึทื‘ื˜ืœื™ื” 


ื“ืขืจ ืคืจืขืžื“ืขืจ 


ืึทืœืข 
ื ื‘ื•ื–ืจืึทื“ืŸ 


ืฆื™ ืœืึธื– ืื™ืš ืฉืฐืึทื›ืข ืื•ืŸ ื’ื™ ืึทืฐืขืง ืฆื• ืฉื˜ืึทืจืงืข? 
ืฆื™ ืœืึธื– ืื™ืš ืึธืจืขืžืข ืื•ืŸ ื’ื™ื™ ืึทืฐืขืง ืฆื• ืจืฒึทื›ืข? 
ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ืœ... ืฆื• ื’ืึธื˜! ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื‘ืฒึท ืืฒึทืš, ื‘ืฒึท ืืฒึทืš ื“ืึธ! 
ืฆื• ื’ืึธื˜! ืฆื• ื’ืึธื˜! ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื’ืึธื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืข! 
ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืฆื• ืืฒึทื™ืš, ืฆื• ืืฒึทืš - 

ืื•ืŸ ืฐืฒึทืœ ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ ื’ืขืคืึทืœืŸ 

ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืœืึธืจืŸ, 

ืฐืฒึทืœ ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ ืฆืขื‘ืจืึธื›ืŸ; 

ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืึทืฐืขืง ืคื•ืŸ ืจืฒึทืš 

ืฆื• ืึธืจืขื, 

ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืคืึธืœืง ืึท ืฉื˜ืึทืจืงืŸ ืฆื• ืึท ืฉืฐืึทื›ืŸ... 
ื”ืขืจื˜! ื”ืขืจื˜! 

ืขืจ ื–ื™ื ื’ื˜ ืฐื•ื™ ืžื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืจ'ืขืจื“... 

ืขืจ ื–ื™ื ื’ื˜ ื“ืึธืš ืชึผื”ืœื™ื! 

ืื•ืŸ ืงืœืึธืจ ืึทื–ืฑ ืื•ืŸ ืฉืึทืจืฃ - 

ื ืึท, ื ืขื ืžืฒึทืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฃ 

ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื ื’, ื–ื™ื ื’ ืื•ื™ืก ื’ืขืคื™ืœืŸ 

ื”ืขื›ืขืจ ืคื•ื ืขื ืฉื‚ื›ืœ... 

ื”ืขืจื˜, ื”ืขืจื˜: 

ืขืจ ื–ื™ื ื’ื˜ ื•ื™ ืžื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืจ'ืขืจื“! (ื•ื•ืขื ื“ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ื ืคืจืขืžื“ืŸ) 
ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ 

ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืก 

ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืฒื™ืœื™ืงืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื”ื™ื›ืœ? 
ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ... (ืขืจ ืœืึธื–ื˜ ืึทืจืึธืคึผ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ื“ืขื ืงืึธืคึผ) 

ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืฐืึธืก ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ? 

ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜? 

(ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืจืึธืคึผื’ืขื‘ืฑื’ืขื ืขื ืงืึธืคึผ) 

ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ, ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ - (ื”ื™ื™ื›ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ืงืึธืคึผ) 

ื“ืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื“ืขื ื”ื—ื™ื›ืœ ืืฒึทืขืจืŸ ืฆืขืฉื˜ืขืจื˜, 
ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ื‘ื•ื–ืจืึทื“ืŸ -- (ืงื•ืจืฆืข, ืฉื˜ื•ืžืข ืคึผืฑื–ืข) 

(ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืฐืฒึทืœืข ืึทืจื•ื, ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืฉืจืขืง ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืจื˜ืขืจ, ื˜ืจืขื˜ืŸ ืคืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื™ื– ืฐื•ึผื ื“ืขืจ ืฆ'ืจื™ืง)} 
ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืจื™ื›ื˜ ืึทืฐื“ืื™! 

ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืืœืข 


273 


ืึท ืฐืึทืงืœ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืฃ ืฆ'ืจื™ืง! | 
ืื™ืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืึทื ื˜ืœืึธืคืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืึทืœืข - 
ืื™ืš ืื•ื™ืš, ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึทื ื˜ืœืฑืคืŸ ืื•ื™ืš! 
ืืฒึทืขืจ ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืง ืจื•ืคื˜ ืžื™ืš, ืจื•ืคื˜ -- ื•ึทื•ื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืึท ื’ืœื™ืง - 
ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืืฒึทืขืจ ืคืึทืœืŸ 
ื”ื•ื™ืš, 
ืื™ืš ื’ื™ื™, ืื™ืš ื’ื™ื™ ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืขื’ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืฆ'ืจื™ืง - 
ื•ื•ืขืจ ืžืึทื›ื˜ ืื™ื ืžื™ื˜? 

ืึทืœืข (ืฉืฐื•ืฒึทื™ื’ืŸ) 

ื ื‘ื•ื–ืจืึทื“ืŸ ืึธ ืฉืจืขืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจ ืžื™ืจ! 
ืื•ื™ื‘ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื™ึธื“, 
! ื›'ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืฒึทื™ืขืจ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ืงืจื•ื‘ - 
ื•ื•ืขืจ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ, ื–ืึธื’ื˜? 


ืงื•ืœื™ื” ืฆื™ื•ืŸ! ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืš ื—ืจื•ื‘ -- 
ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืื™ืจืข ื‘ืจื™ืขืŸ... 
ื ื‘ื•ื–ืจืึทื“ืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื˜ ื–ื™ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ, ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ื˜! 
ืึทื‘ื˜ืœื™ื” ื”ืขืจื˜! ื”ืขืจื˜! 
ื ื‘ื•ื–ืจืึทื“ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจ ื’ื™ื™ื˜! ื•ื•ืขืจ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”? 
ืงื•ืœื™ื” ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจืฐืึธืจืœืึธื–ื˜, ืคืึทืจื‘ืจืขื ื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื•ื“ืขืจ... 
ื ื‘ื•ื–ืจืึทื“ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจืฐืึธืจืœืึธื–ื˜ืข, ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจื‘ืจืขื ื˜ืข - 


ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ืžื™ืจ ื ืึธื ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ, ื ืขื ื˜ืขืจ... 
ืึท ืœืึทื ื“ ืคืึทืจืฐื•ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืงื˜, ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ืฐื™ ืึท ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืฉืžืึทืจืฆืŸ - 
ืจืขื“ื˜ ืžืขืจ ืฆื•ื ื”ืึทืจืฆืŸ. 


ืึทื‘ื˜ืœื™ื” ื”ืขืจื˜! ื”ืขืจื˜! 
ืขืจ ื–ื™ื ื’ื˜ ืฐื™ ืžื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืจ'ืขืจื“! 
ื ื‘ื•ื–ืจืึทื“ืŸ ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ื‘ื•ื–ืจืึทื“ืŸ โ€ - 


ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื ื’ืขืจ! 
ืึท ื‘ืึทืฆืฐื™ื ื’ืขืจ - 
ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฆื• ืืฒึทืš ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืฆืฐื™ื ื’ืขืจ, 
ืžื™ื˜ ื”ืึทืก, ืžื™ื˜ ืฆืึธืจืŸ - 
ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทืฆืฐื•ึผื ื’ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื‘ืฒึท ืืฒื™ืš ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ 
ืคื•ืŸ ืืฒึทืขืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™... | 
ืื™ืš ื’ื™ืœ == 

274 


ื“ื•ืจืš ื’ืขื”ื™ื™ืžืข ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ืึธืŸ ืื™ืš ื™ืขืฆื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฉืœืฒื™ื›ืŸ, 
ื“ื•ืจืš ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ, ืื•ืžื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืœืฒึทื›ืข 

ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืจืึทื“ืข -- 

ืฆื•ื ื•ื•ืขื’ ืฆื•ื ื’ืœืฒึทื›ืŸ 

ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื ื’ืจืึทื“ืŸ -- 

ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ื‘ื•ื–ืจืึทื“ืŸ! 

ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ื•ื™ืกื˜ ืžื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ - 

ืึธ ื ืขืžื˜ ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ ืžื™ืš ื™ืขืฆื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืืฒึทืขืจ ืžื™ื˜, 

ืึธ ื ืขืžื˜ ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ ื“ืขื ืฐืึธืœืฃ ืื™ืŸ ืืฒึทืขืจ ืกื˜ืึทื“ืข - 
ื›'ื•ื•ื™ืœ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืึท ืฉืขืคึผืก! 

ื ืขืžื˜ ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ืœื•ื˜ืคืึทืจื’ื™ืกืขืจ ืืฒึทืขืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฆืขืฉื˜ืขืจืขืจืŸ,| 
ื“ืขื ืชึผืœื™ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืืฒึทื™ืš ื’ืขืงืขืคึผื˜, 

ื ืขืžื˜ ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ ืžื™ืš ื™ืขืฆื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืืฒึทืขืจ ืžื™ื˜! 

ื“ืขืจ ืฐืึธืก ืคืึทืจืคืึธืœื’ื˜ ื“ืขื ื™ื™ื“ 

ืคืึทืจืคืึธืœื’ื˜ ืžื™ืš ืžืขืจืขืจ - 

ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ื‘ื•ื–ืจืึทื“ืŸ! 

ืžืขืŸ ื–ื•ื›ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ื‘ืึทืจื’ ืžื™ืš, ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืคืขืœื“ื–ื ืฉืคึผืึทืœื˜, 
ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื•ืช ืึทืฐื“ืื™, 

ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ืœ - 

ืžืขืŸ ืคืจืขื’ื˜ ื“ืขื ืžืจ ื“ึทืš!ึผ ืžืขืŸ ืคืจืขื’ื˜ ื“ืขื ื‘ึตืœ 2: 
ื•ื•ื•ึผ? ื•ื•ึผ? 

ืžืขืŸ ื–ื•ื›ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื’ืึธืจ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜, 

ืžืขืŸ ืคืจืขื’ื˜ ื‘ืฒึท ื™ื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืึทืœื˜, 

ื‘ืฒึทื™ ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ, ื‘ืฒึท ื’ืจื•ื™ืก, 

ืžืขืŸ ื–ื•ื›ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืฆืขืœื˜, 

ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ื–: 

ื•ื•ื•ึผ? ื•ื•ึผ? 

ื•ื•ื• ืื™ื– ื ื‘ื•ื–ืจืึทื“ืŸ? 

ืžืขืŸ ืฉืคึผื™ืจื˜ ืžื™ืš ื ืึธืš ืฐื™ ื”ื™ื ื˜, ืžืขืŸ ืฉื ืึทืคึผื˜ 

ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึทืœืข ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ, ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึทืœืข ืคึผืœืขืฆืขืจ - 

ืขืก ื˜ื•ื™ื‘ื˜, 


1. ื‘ืึทื‘ื™ืœืึธื ื™ืฉืข ื”ืฑืคึผื˜ื’ืขื˜ืขืจ 2 ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื—ื‘ืจ = 


275 


ืขืก ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ 

ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคื•ื™ืกื˜ 

ื ื‘ื•ื›ื“ื ืืฆืจ: 

ืขืจ ืคืจืขื’ื˜ ื‘ืฒึท ื’ืขื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืชึผื™ืคืœื”: 
ื•ื•ื•ึผ? 

ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืจื• -- 

ื•ื™ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืขืจ ืžื™ืš ื’ืขื›ืึทืคึผื˜! 


ืงื•ืœื™ื” (ืึท ื“ืขืจืฉืจืึธืงืขื ืขืจ, ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืื™ื ืึทืจืฒึทื ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ื•ืœื™ื) 
ื‘ืึทื”ืึทืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื˜ื™ืฃ ื“ืึธ, ื˜ื™ืฃ ื“ืึธ... 
ื ื‘ื•ื– ืจืึทื“ืŸ (ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืจืขื’ื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื ืข) 


ืื™ืš ืงื•ื ืคื•ืŸ ืจึดื‘ึฐืœึธื”,? 

ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ืื™ื ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฆืขืจ ืฉืคืœื•ืช, 

ื‘ืฒึท ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืจืขืกื˜ืขืจ ืขื•ื•ืœื”... 

ื’ืขื”ืขืฆื˜... ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื”ืขืฆื˜! ื ืึธืจ ืึทืœืฒืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืขืฆืขืจ 

ืื™ื–'ืก ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ 

ืขืจ ืึทืœื™ืŸ, ื“ืขืจ ืงืขื ื™ื’ ื ื‘ื•ื›ื“ื ืืฆืจ -- (ื›ืึทืคึผื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ืจื™ืง) 

ื ื™ื˜ ืขืจ! ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ื‘ืœื™! 

ืฆื“ืงื™ื”ื•! ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทื ืขืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื˜ืขื ื™ืง - 

ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงืขื ื™ื’! 

ื ื‘ื•ื›ื“ื ืืฆืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ื”ืึธืจื™ืงืข ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜ 

ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืกื˜ ืคืึทืจืคึผืœืึธื›ื˜ืŸ, 

ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืคืึธื˜ืขืจ 

ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ 

ื’ืขื”ื™ื™ืกืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืฉืขื›ื˜ืŸ - 

ืื•ืŸ ืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฉืึธื›ื˜ืŸ... 

ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื“ืขื ืคึผืึธื˜ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื‘ืจืขื ื˜ - 
ืึทืœืข ืึธ, ื’ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜ืขืจ! 
ื ื‘ื•ื–ืจืึทื“ืŸ ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš! ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš! ืคืึทืจ ืฐืึธืก ื ื™ื˜ ืคืจื™ึดืขืจ? 

ืึธ ื’ืึธื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ! 

ื’ืึธื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืžืœ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืจ'ืขืจื“ - 

ื“ื• ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ ืžื™ืจ ื“ืึธ ื™ืขืฆื˜: 


ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ืฐื•ึผ ื ื‘ื•ื›ื“ื ืืฆืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืžืฉืคึผื˜ ื“ืขื ืงืขื ื™ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”, ืฆื“ืงื™ื”ื•... 2 ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื—ื‘ืจ = 


276 


ืคืึทืจ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืขืก ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืžืึทื›ื˜ ืคืึทืจืงืขืจื˜? 
ืคืึทืจ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื“ืขื ืคืึธื˜ืขืจ ืคืจื™ืขืจ 

ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืึทืจื•ืฑืกื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜? 

ื’ืขืžืึทื›ื˜ ืื™ื ื‘ืœื™ื ื“, 

ืื•ืŸ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™, ื“ื™ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฉืึธื›ื˜ืŸ? 
ืงื™ื ื“ ื ืึธืš ืงื™ื ื“... 

ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืจื•ื™ื˜ืŸ, ืจืฑื™ื˜ืŸ ื’ืจืึธื–? 


ืึทืœืข (ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื•ื•ื™ื™ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื™ ืฆื• ื’ืึธื˜) 
ืคืึทืจ ืฐืึธืก? ืึธ ื’ืึธื˜, ืคืึทืจ ืฐืึธืก? 
ื ื‘ื•ื–ืจืึทื“ืŸ ืึธ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืฆื“ืงื™ื”ื•ืก, ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืืฑืกื’ืขืฉื˜ืึธื›ืŸ - 


ืœื•ื™ืคื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื ืึธืš ืžื™ืจ! 

ื–ืึธืœ ื™ืึธื’ืŸ ืžื™ืš ื ื‘ื•ื›ื“ื ืืฆืจ, 

ื–ืึธืœ ื™ืึธื’ืŸ ืžื™ืš ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ึตืœ, ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืžืจึนื“ึทืš, ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืฐื•ื™ืกื˜ืข ื’ืขืฆืŸ - 
ื ืึธืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื“ืฒึทื ืข, ืึธ, ืงืขื ื™ื’ ืฆื™ื•ื ืก! (ืฆื• ืึทืœืข ืึทืจื•ื) 
ืคืึทืจืžืึทื›ื˜ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืืฒึท'ืจืข ืฉืฐืึทืจืฅ, 

ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืืฒึทืขืจืข ืฐืึธืก ื‘ืœืึธ ืื™ื– - 

ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืฆื“ืงื™ื”ื•ืก! 

ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืืฑืกื’ืขืฉื˜ืึธื›ืขื ืข ืฐืึธืก ื’ืœื™ืขืŸ! 

ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ! ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ -- ื•ื™ ืึท ืฆืขื‘ืœื•ื˜ื™ืงื˜ืข ืึท ื”ืึทืจืฅ, 
ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื‘ืจื™ืขืŸ, 

ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืฆื“ืงื™ื”ื•ืก -- 


ืึธ, ืคึผื™ึทื™ืŸื™ 

ืคืึทืจืžืึทื›ื˜ืก! ืคืึทืจืžืึทื›ื˜ืก! 
ืึทืœืข ืึธ, ืฆื“ืงื™ื”ื•! 
ื ื‘ื•ื–ืจืึทื“ืŸ ืึธ, ืงืขื ื™ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” -- 


ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ืœ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืจื•ื“ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ! 

ื›'ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืฒึทืขืจ ื‘ืจื•ื“ืขืจ! 

ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ! 

ืงืฒึทืงืœื˜ ืฆื• ืึท ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืึธ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ -- 
ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ ื–ื™ืš ื–ืขืฆืŸ-- 

ืื•ืŸ ื’ืึธืœื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืึธืคึผ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึธืจืš! 

ืื•ืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ื ื‘ื•ื›ื“ื ืืฆืจ 

ืžื™ืจ ืงื•ืงืŸ ื’ืœืฒึทืš ืื™ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขื–ื™ื›ื˜ -- 


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ืฉื‘ื ื 
ื ื‘ื•ื–ืจืึทื“ืŸ 
ืฉืžืขื™ื” 


ื ื‘ื•ื–ืจืึทื“ืŸ 


ืฉืžืขื™ื” 
ื ื‘ื•ื–ืจืึทื“ืŸ 
ืฉืžืขื™ื” 

ื ื‘ื•ื–ืจืึทื“ืŸ 


ืฉืžืขื™ื” 


ื ื‘ื•ื–ืจืึทื“ืŸ 
ืฉืžืขื™ื” 


ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจืงืึธื ืขืŸ ืžื™ืš; 
ืื•ืŸ ืงื•ืงื˜ ืขืจ ืžื™ืจ ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ 

ืื™ืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฅ ืื™ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ-- 

ื“ืขืจืงืขื ื˜ ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืึทืฐื“ืื™! 

ื•ื•ื• ืื™ื– ื ื‘ื•ื–ืจืึทื“ืŸ? 

ืจืฒึทืกื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ื“ื™ ื‘ืึธืจื“, ื“ื™ ื‘ื‘ืœืฉืข ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผื ื™ื ืžื™ืจ, 
ืžื™ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขื–ื™ื›ื˜ -- | 

ื•ื™ ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ื“ืขื ื‘ื‘ืœืขืจ ืžื™ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฅ ืึทืจืฑืกื’ืขืจื™ืกืŸ! 
ืก'ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื™ืขืฆื˜, ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืึท ืœื™ื›ื˜, 

ืึท ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ืœื™ื‘ืข, 

ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฆืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ืžื™ืจ ืึทืจืฒึทื ื’ืขืงืœื™ื‘ืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ึทื™ืš ืฐื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ... 
(ืงืฒึทืงืœื˜ ืื™ื ืฆื• ืึท ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื ืข) 

(ื–ืขืฆื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ื ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืคึผืœืฒืฆืข ืฆื•ื ืฆื•ืฉื•ื™ืขืจ) 

(ืžื™ื˜ ื ื’ืึธืœืžืขืกืขืจ ืึทื ื˜ืงืขื’ืŸ ืื™ื ืื•ืŸ ืงืขื’ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขื ืฆื•ืฉื•ื™ืขืจ) 

ืื™ืš ื’ืึธืœ ื“ื™ืจ ืึธืคึผ, 

ื“ืขื ืงื™ื ื‘ืึทืง ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืึธืคึผ-- 

ื•ื™ ืึท ื™ื™ื“ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ื™ืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืจ... 

ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขื’ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ืžืขื˜ื™ืงืข, ื˜ืจื™ื‘ืข, 

ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขื’ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืฆืขืจ, ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทื“ืฑืขืจ... 

ื“ื™ ืคึผืื•ืช ืœืึธื–ื˜ ืึท ื™ื™ึดื“ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื‘ืขืจ-- 

ืœืึธื– ื–ื™ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ! (ืฉืคึผืจื™ื ื’ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ืึธืจื˜, ื“ืจื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื ืžื™ืŸื˜ืŸืŸ 

ืคึผื ื™ื ืฆื•ื ืฆื•ืฉื•ื™ืขืจ: ื“ืึธืก ืคึผื ื™ื ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธืคึผ ืึธืคึผื’ืขื’ืึธืœื˜, ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจืงืึธื ืขืŸ) 
ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื“ื™ืš ืึธืคึผื’ืขื’ืึธืœื˜! 

(ื“ืึทื ืงื‘ืึทืจ) 

ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜'ืก ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜! 

ืฉืžืขื™ื”! 

ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ืึท ื‘ืึธืจื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืึทืจืึธืคึผื’ืขืฉื ื™ื˜ืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ื˜ื™ืฃ ืคืึทืจืคืœืึทื ืฆื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืึท ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ! 

ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜'ืก ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜-- 

ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื“ื™ืจ ืึธืคึผื’ืขื’ืึธืœื˜...ื ื™ืฉืžืขืจ ื•ื™ ืึธืคึผื’ืขื’ืึธืœื˜-- 
ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ืžื™ืš ื™ืขืฆื˜ ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ืจืŸ ืฐื™ ืก'ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ืจื˜ ืึท ืคืจื•ื™! 
ื ื™ื˜ ืจื™ื™ื“ ืึทื–ื•! 


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ื ื‘ื•ื–ืจืึทื“ืŸ 
ืฉืžืขื™ื” 
ื ื‘ื•ื–ืจืึทื“ืŸ 


ืึทื‘ื˜ืœื™ื” 


ื ื‘ื•ื–ืจืึทื“ืŸ 


ืฉืžืขื™ื” 


ื ื‘ื•ื–ืจืึทื“ืŸ 


ืฉืžืขื™ื” 


ื ื‘ื•ื–ืจืึทื“ืŸ 


ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ื ืึธืš ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ื’ื•ื™, 
ืื•ืŸ ืฐืฒึทื˜ ื ืึธืš ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“-- 
ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ! ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ! ืึธ, ืฉืžืขื™ื” -- 
ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜.., 
ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืก ืงื ืขื›ื˜, 
ืื™ืš ืฉื˜ื™ื™ ืคืึทืจ ื“ื™ืจ ืึท ืคืจื™ื™ืขืจ- 
ืึท ื™ื™ึดื“! 
ื”ืขืจื˜! ื”ืขืจื˜; 
ืขืจ ื–ื™ื ื’ื˜ ืึท ืœื™ื“! 
ืื™ืš ื’ื™ -- (ื›ืึทืคึผื˜ ืึทืจืึธืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ื™ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจื“) 
ืฐืึธืก ืžืึทืš ืื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจื“? 
ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฉืคึผื™ื–? ืฐื•ึผ ืœืึธื– ืื™ืš ื–ื™ื™? 
ื ืขืžื˜'ืก ื•ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืืฒื™ืš! 
ื•ื•ืขืจ ื‘ืึทื“ืึทืจืค'ืก? 
ื“ื• ืฐืึทืจืค'ืก 
ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืฒึทืš, 
ื‘ืึทื’ืจืึธื‘'ืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ืจ'ืขืจื“. 
ื™ืขืงื‘ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืงื•ื™ืคื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืขืฉื‚ื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ื›ื•ืจื” - 
ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืœื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืข ืžื™ื ื•ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืจื™ึดืขืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ืจืŸ! 
ื–'ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื”ืึทื˜ ืคืึทืจ ืขืฉื‚ื•ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜-- 
ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงื•ื™ืคื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืขืฉื‚ื•ืก ืฉื•ื•ืขืจื“... 
(ืงื•ืงื˜ ืึธืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจื“) 
ืก'ืื™ื– ืžื™ืจ ืึท ืฉืึธื“... 
ืึธื˜...ืึธื˜... 
ืก'ืื™ื– ืึท ืฉืึธื“ ืึทื–ืฑ 
ื“ื™ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจื“ -- ื“ื™ืจ! 
ื™ืึธ! ื™ืึท! 
ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืึท ื’ื•ื™, 
ืึท ืžืขืจื“ืขืจ! (ืฆื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทึทืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื™ื™ื“ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื’ื˜ ื–ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืœื•ืคึผื˜) 
ื ื‘ื•ื–ืจืึทื“ืŸ! ืื™ืš! ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขืก ื“ืขืจ 
ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจื“ ื’ืขืฉืฐื•ึผื ื’ืขืŸ 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืงืขืคึผ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึทืกืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, 
ืื•ืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืขื”ืึทืงื˜, ื’ืขื”ืึทืงื˜ ืฐื™ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื˜ื•ื™ื’, 
29 


ืึทืœืข 
ืฉืžืขื™ื” 


ื ื‘ื•ื–ืจืึทื“ืŸ 
ืึทืœืข 
ืฉืžืขื™ื” 


ื ื‘ื•ื–ืจืึทื“ืŸ 
ืึทืœืข 
ืฉืžืขื™ื” 


ื’ืขื”ืึทืงื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืžืขืจืขืจ ื–ื™ื™, ืฐืึธืก ืžืขืจ, 
ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืฉืจืฒึท ืื™ืŸ ืžื•ื™ืœ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืจืขืจ 
ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ื’... 

ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฐื•'ืึท ืคืฒึทืขืจ 

ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช-ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ืืฒึทืขืจืŸ ืึทืจืฒึทื ื’ืขื“ืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ื›ึผื”ื ื™ื ื’ืขื˜ื™ื™ื˜ 

ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขื ืžื–ื‘ื—, 

ื–ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืฉืฐืฒึทื’ื ื“ื™ืงืข, ืฉื˜ื•ืžืข 

ื‘ืฒึท ื“ืขืจ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืื•ืžื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ 

ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึธืจื‘ืŸ, 

ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืžื™ืฉื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืจื‘ืŸ; 


ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ืจื•ื™ื˜, 


ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ืขืจ ืจื™ื—-- 
ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื ืึธืจื•ืŸ-ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืฆื•ื’ืขืฉืคึผืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ ืœื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื–ื™ื ื’ืขื ื“ื™ืงืข ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืงื•ื™ืœืขื˜-- 
ื’ืขืงื•ื™ืœืขื˜ืข ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืคืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ... 
ื’ืจื•ื™ืœื™ืง, ืึทื™ืึธ, ื’ืจืฑืœื™ืง? 
ื’ืจื•ืœื™ืง !.. (ืึท ืกืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ื•ืœื™ื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคื•ื™ืกื˜ืŸ ืงืขื’ืŸ ืื™ื, ื’ืขืžื•ืจืžืœ) 
ืฉื•ื•ื™ื™ื’! ืฉื•ื•ื™ื™ื’! 
ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜, ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื‘ืฒึท ื“ื™ ื’ืขื“ืึทื ืงืขืŸ ื“ืฒึทื ืข ืงืœืึธืจ! 
ื“ื• ืœืฒึทื’ืกื˜! 
ืก'ืื™ื– ืฐืึธืจ! ืก'ืื™ื– ืฐืึธืจ! 
(ืึทืจื•ื ืฆืขืžื•ืจืžืœืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื”ืขื›ืขืจ) 
ืžื™ืจ ื’ืœื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ืจ ื ื™ื˜, ื ื™ื™ืŸ! (ื‘ืขื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืฒึท ืึทืœืขืžืขืŸ) 
ืึธ, ื’ืœื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืื™ื ื ื™ื˜! 
ืขืก ื•ื•ืฆื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืœื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ื ืึท ื™ื™ื“! 
ื ื™ื˜ืึธ ืฆืขื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืึท ื™ื™ื“ ืฐืึธืก ื–ืึธืœ ืื™ื 
ื’ืœื™ื™ื‘ืŸ... 
ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึท ื‘ื™ื™ื–ืขืจ ื—ืœื•ื! 
ืึท ื—ืœื•ื ื’ืึธืจ! 
ืก'ืื™ื– ืฐืึธืจ! ืก'ืื™ื– ืฐืึธืจ! 
(ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฆืึธืจืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ืคื•ื™ืกื˜ืŸ) 
ืื™ืจ ื–ืึธืœื˜ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ื ื ื™ื˜ ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ!. 
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ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ 
ืฉืžืขื™ื” 


ื ื‘ื•ื–ืจืึทื“ืŸ 


ืฉืžืขื™ื” 


ื ื‘ื•ื–ืจืึทื“ืŸ 


ืก'ืื™ื– ืฐืึธืจ! 

ืึธ ื’ืœื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื ื™ื˜, ื’ืœื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื ื™ื˜, 

ืื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื ื™ื˜, 

ืื™ืŸ ืืฒึทืขืจ ื’ืจื™ื 

ื“ื™ ืคื•ื™ืกื˜ืŸ ืืฒึท'ืจืข ืงืขื’ืŸ ืื™ื.., 
ืึธ, ื’ืœื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ื–ืึธื’ื˜, 
ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืœื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืื™ื, ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืึธืจ -- 
ืขืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜'ืก ื ื™ื˜ ืืฑืกื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืขืก... 
ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ ืก'ืื™ื– ืฐืึธืจ-- 

ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ื ืึท ื’ืจืขืกืขืจืขืจ ืจื—ืžื ื•ืช... 

ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ -- 
ืฉืœืึธื’ื˜! 

ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืึท ืจื•ื™ื‘ืขืจ, 

ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื“ื™ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืืฒึทื™ืจืข, ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ 
ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืžืึทืžืขืก ื‘ื•ื™ืš ื“ืขืจืฉืœืึธื’ืŸ! 

ืฉืœืึธื’ื˜ ืžื™ืš, ืฉืœืึธื’ื˜! 

ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื“ืขื ืœืขืฆื˜ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ 

ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœื˜ืข ืœืฒึทื˜ ืคืึทืจืœืึธืฉืŸ. 

(ืคืึทืจืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ืคืœื˜, ื”ืึทืœื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืก) 

ืจืฉืข! 

(ืœืึทื›ื˜ ื‘ื™ื˜ืขืจ) 

ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื˜: | 

ื’ืขืคึผืœืึทืฆื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขื“ื•ืœื“... 

ืขืจ ื’ืœื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ, ื™ืึธ... ื’ืœื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฉื•ืœื“ 
ืื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืš! 

ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืจื—ืžื ื•ืช -- ืฉืœืึธื’ื˜! 

ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขื‘ืจืขื ื˜ 

ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื™ื ืข ืืฒึทืขืจืข ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืขื˜, 

ืึทืฐืขืงื’ืขืฉื™ืงื˜ ื“ื™ ื”ืฒึทื–ืขืจ ืืฒึทืขืจืข ืžื™ื˜ ืจื•ื™ืš... 
ื ื™ื˜ ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืžื™ืจ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜-- 

ื”ืขื ื˜ ื‘ืœืึทืก ืื•ืŸ ืึธืคึผื ืขืฆืขืจื˜, 

ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืงืœืึทืคึผ - ืขืจ ืื™ื– 

ื•ื™ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ื™ืก 


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ืงื•ืœื™ื” 


ื ื‘ื•ื–ืจืึทื“ืŸ 


ื“ืขืจ ืฉืฐืึทื›ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืคืœื™ื’... 

ื ืขืžื˜ ืžื™ึทื™ืŸ ืฉืฐื•ืขืจืš! 

ื ืขืžื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจื“ ืื•ืŸ ืฉืขื›ื˜! 

ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฉืคึผื™ื–-- 

ื ืขืžื˜ ืื™ื ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืฉื˜ืขื›ื˜! 

ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื›ึนึผืฉื‚ ื“ื™ื ื ืึธืจ ื‘ืึทื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืข ื˜ืจื™ื˜, 
ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ื ื™ื˜! 

ื”ืขืจื˜ ืึทืœืข, 

ื”ืขืจื˜: 

ืื•ื‘ ื ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ - ืื™ืš ื•ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืคืึทืœืŸ! 
ื–ืึธืœืกื˜ ืœืขื‘ืŸ, ืœืขื‘! 

ืื™ืš ื’ืœื™ื™ื‘; 

ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื“ื™ ื‘ืขืกื˜ืข ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ื’ืขืจื•ื™ื‘ื˜, 

ื”ืึธืกื˜ ืึธืคึผื’ืขื”ืึทืงื˜ ื‘ืฒึท ืื•ื ื“ื– ื“ื™ ื‘ืขืกื˜ืข ืงืขืคึผ, 
ืคึฟืึทืจื‘ืจืขื ื˜ ื“ื™ ืฉืขื ืกื˜ืข ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜, 

ื“ืึธืก ื”ื™ื™ืœื™ืงืกื˜ืข, ื“ืึธืก ื”ื•ื™ื–.- 

ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืฉื•ืœื“ื™ืง ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืง ื’ืจื•ื™ืก -- 
ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ื’ืขืฉื™ืงื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืึธื˜!... 

(ื•ื•ื™ ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ืฒื™ื ืขืจื˜ ืึท ืฐืฒึทืœ. ืฐืึทื›ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ) 

ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืึธื˜ื• ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืึธื˜! 

ืึธ, ื’ื™ื‘ ืžื™ืจ, ื’ื™ื‘ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื”ืึทื ื˜! 

ื•ื•ืขืจ ื‘ื™ืกื˜ื• ืึทืœื˜ืขื˜ืฉืงืขืจ, ื“ื• ื–ืขืกื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืก ื‘ืึทืงืึทื ื˜, 
ืฆื™ ื“ื™ืš? ืฆื™ ื’ืึธืจ ืึทื–ืึท ืฐื•ื™ ื“ื•, ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ? 
ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื ื™ื™ืŸ... ืก'ืื™ื– ื™ืจืžื™ื” ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ! 

ืขื•, ืขืจ! ืึท ืœื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ื•ื™ ื“ื• ืื•ืŸ ืฐื™ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’-- 
ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืš! ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืก ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜: 

"ื’ืึธื˜! ื’ืึธื˜!" 

ืžื™ืš ื”ืึธื˜ 

ื’ืขืฉื™ืงื˜ ื’ืึธืจ ื’ืึธื˜! 

ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื“ืึทืŸ 

ื ื™ื˜ ื’ื•ื˜ ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ืึทืŸ, 


ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืงืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืื™ ืคืจืขืžื“, ืื™ ื“ืจื™ื™ืกื˜-- 


ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ืš! 
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ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขืก ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึทื›ื–ืจ, ื ื™ื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืœืŸ, 

ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ืš! 

ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ืžื™ื˜ืœ ืฆื• ืขืžืขืฆื ืก ืึทืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจื ืก ื’ืึธืจ ืฆื™ืœืŸ! 
ืขืก ืื™ื– ืžื™ืจ ืขืžืขืฆืขืจ, ืึทืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืขืจ ืคืึธืจืืฑืกื’ืขืœืึธืคืŸ... 
ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ืš! 

ื“ืึธืก ืฐืึธืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืืฒึทืขืจ ื ื‘ื™ืืก ืžื•ื™ืœ - 

ืขืก, ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ืš ื“ืึทืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธืคืŸ 

ื•ื™ ืึท ืงื•ื™ืœ: 

ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ืš! 

ื›'ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ืึธืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ืฐืขืจืงืฆืฒึทื’ ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขื ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืœ... 
ืึธ, ื™ืจืžื™ื”, ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืื•ืžื“ืขืจืฉืจืึธืงืŸ ื“ืจื™ื™ืกื˜!-- - - 

ื™ืขืฆื˜ ื”ืขืจ ืื™ืš ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ืžืฑืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืฒึทื ืขื, ืฐื™ ืึท ื˜ืจื™ื™ืกื˜: 
ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืฉื™ืงื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืึธื˜! 

ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื’ืขืฉื™ืงื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื™ืขืฆื˜ ืงืขืจ ืื™ืš ืฆื• ืื™ื ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื, 
ืฆื• ืืฒึทืš- 

ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื’ ืฆื• ื’ืึธื˜-- ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื’ืœืฒึทืš 

ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื’ ืฆื• ืืฒื™ืš! 

ืžื™ืš ืฆื™ื˜ ืึทื”ื™ืŸ, ืึทื”ื™ืŸ... 

ืฆื• ืืฒึทืขืจ ืขืจื“ ื’ืขืฐืึทืœื˜ื™ืง, 

ืฆื• ืืฒึทืขืจ ืขืจื“, ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ืขืจ ืขืจื“ ืฆื• ืœืขื‘ืŸ! 

ื“ื™ ืขืจื“ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืงื ืึธื˜ืŸ ืืฒึทืš ืื•ืŸ ืืฒึทืš ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทืœื˜ื™ืงื˜-- 
ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ืจ ื’ืฒึทืกื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืฆื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืŸ... 

ืžื™ืš ืฆื™ื˜ ืึทื”ื™ืŸ -- 

ืึท, ืื™ืš ื’ืขืคื™ืŸ, 

ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ 


ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ ืจื•... 
ืึธ, ื ืขืžื˜ ืžื™ืš ืฆื•! 
ืงื•ืœื™ื” ืฆืขื‘ืจืขืš ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืฐื•ืขืจื“! 
ื ื‘ื•ื–ืจืึทื“ืŸ (ื‘ืึทื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจื“) 
ืึท ืฉืึธื“.- 
ืฉืžืขื™ื” ืึธื˜, ืึธื˜... 
ื ื‘ื•ื–ืจืึทื“ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืฐื•ืขืจื“, ื“ื™ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจื“-- 


ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืš ืึทืœืข ื“ืึธ ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜: 


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ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฆื• ืืฒึทื™ืš ื’ืขืฉื™ืงื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืึธื˜... 
ืื™ ืื™ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจื“-- 
ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจื“ ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืึธื˜! (ืคืึธื›ืขื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจื“) 
ื™ืึธ, ื™ืึธ, ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืึธื˜... 
ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืึท ื’ื•: 
ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืึทืจืฒึทื ื’ืขืจื™ืกืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ ืฉืœืขื›ื˜, ืื™ ืจื•ื™, 
ืื™ืŸ ื”ืฒืœื™ืงืกื˜ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืืฒึทืขืจ ืฆืขืœื˜, 
ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืŸ ืึทื ื˜ื‘ืœืฑื–ื˜ืขืจ ืฉืฐืขืจื“, 
ืื•ืŸ ืžืึทืš ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ ืึท ืฐืึทืจืข ื–ื™ืš, ืึท ืฐืึทืจืข 
ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ ืึท ื˜ืฒึทืš-- 
ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก ืฐืึธืก ื“ืขืจืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจื ื•ืžืขืŸ? 
ื“ืขื ืขื™ืงืจ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื”ืขืจื˜: 
ืื™ืš ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœ ื“ืขื ืขื™ืงืจ ืืฒึทืš-- 
ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื ื ื‘ื™ื ืฆื•ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ -- 
...ื›ื™ืงื•ื ืฆื• ืฆื• ื–ื›ืจื™ื”ืŸ -- 
ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช-ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ืื™ื ื“ืขืจื”ืจื’ืขื˜! 
ื›'ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขื‘ืจืึทื›ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ, 
ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื“ืขืจ ืฆืึธืจืŸ 
ืคืจื™ืฉ ื–ื™ืš, ืคืจื™ืฉ ืฆืขื‘ืจืขื ื˜... (ืžื™ื˜ ืฉืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฉืคึผืึธื˜) 
ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ื˜! ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ื˜! 
ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ื˜ ื“ืขื ืงื•ื ืฅ... 
ืขืก ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื‘ืฒึท ืืฒึทืš ื’ืขืžืึทื›ื˜ ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ื•ื™ ื‘ืฒึท ืื•ื ื“ื–! 
ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช-ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื“ืขื ื ื‘ื™ื ืืฒึทืขืจืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืฑื˜! 
ืขืก ืงืจื™ื›ื˜ ื“ื™ ื—ื™ื” ื•ื•ื™ืœื“ ืื•ื™ืš ืืฒึทื™ืš ืึทืจืฑืก ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ื˜... 
ืขืก ื™ื•ื™ืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืืฒึทืขืจืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ืขืจ ืกื -- 
ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืึท ืงื™ื ืื” ื”ื™ื™ืก ืฆืขื‘ืจืขื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืจื•ื™ืก, 
ืื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืš? ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ื–ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืืฒึทืš ืึท ืœืึทื 
ืฐืึธืก ืฆื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ื”ืึทืœื“ื– ืฆื•ื ืžืขืกืขืจ ืื•ื™ืก... 
ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ืึท ืœืึทื-- 
ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ ื“ืขืจื–ืขืŸ ืึท ืœื™ื™ื‘-ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”, ืึท ื’ื•ืจ-ืึทืจื™ื”, 
ืื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ื–ืึทืžืขืจ ื•ื™ ื’ื•ื™ื™ึดื, 
ืื™ ืื™ืจ, ืื™ ื–ื›ืจื™ื”! 
ื“ืขืจ ื ื‘ื™ื ืืฒึทืขืจืขืจ, ื“ืขืจ ืึทื›ื–ืจ ื ืึธื›ืŸ ื˜ืฑื˜! 
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ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื“ืึธืก ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืžืึธืœ ืื™ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคืึทืจ ืืฒึทืš ื“ืขืจืฉืจืึธืงืŸ, 
ืึทืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืฆื™ื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืึทื“ื•ืจืš ืžืฒึทืŸ ื”ื•ื™ื˜, 

ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉืจืขืง ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช-ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ืžื™ืš ื‘ืึทืคืึทืœืŸ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืจ ืžื™ืš ืึธื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืœืึธืงืŸ... 

ืึธ ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืžื™ืจ, ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ, ื–ืึธื’ื˜, 

ืฐืึธืก ืฉืจืขืงื˜ ืžื™ืš ืึธืคึผ ืื™ืŸ ืืฒื™ืš? ืฐืึธืก ืฉืจืขืงื˜ ืžื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืœืึธืงื˜? 
ืฆื™ ืื™ื–'ืก ื“ืขืจ ื ื‘ื™ื ืืฒึทืขืจืขืจ, ื“ืขืจ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืึทืจื‘ื˜ ื ื™ื˜? 
ื“ืขืจ ื ื‘ื™ื ืืฒึทืขืจืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ, ืื™ืจ ืึทืœืข! 

ืื™ืจ ืึทืœืข ื“ืึทืจื‘ื˜ ื ื™ื˜! (ืงื•ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ื•ื˜ ืืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ื•ืœื™ื) 

ืžื™ืจ ื“ืึทื›ื˜: ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืืฒึทืš ืึทืœืข ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืงืขืคึผื˜! 

ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ-- ืื™ืจ ืœืขื‘ื˜! 

ืื™ืจ ื–ื›ืจื™ื”ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ืืฒึทืš-- 

ืื™ืš ืื•ื™ืš, ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืื•ืžื–ื™ืกื˜ ื’ืขื”ืจื’ืขื˜ ืืฒื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ -- 

ืื™ืจ ืœืขื‘ื˜! 

ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจืฉืจืึธืงืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ืฐืฒึทืš, ืื™ืš ืฐืฒึทื™ืš-- 

ืื™ืจ ืœืขื‘ื˜! ืื™ืจ ืœืขื‘ื˜! 

ื ื‘ ื™ืื™ื! (ืžื™ื˜ืฉืจืขืง ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืŸ ืื•ืžื‘ืึทืฐื•ึผืกื˜ืขืŸืจืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ื“) 

ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ ืึทื–ืฑ ื“ืึธืš ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ! 

ืึทื–ืฑ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ื•ื™ื™ึดื... 

ืื™ืจ ื”ืจื’ืขื˜ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ, 

ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื“ืขืจื”ืจื’ืขื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ-- 

ืื™ื– ืึทืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืขืจ.., 

ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื ืื•ืŸ ืึท ืจื•ื™ื‘ืขืจ-ื‘ืึทื ื“ืข, 

ื’ืขืฐืึธืงืกืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืงืขืจืŸ... 

ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ ืึทื–ืฑ ื“ืึธืš ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ื•ื™ื™ึดื! 

ืคืึทืจ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืจ ื’ืขื”ืจื’ืขื˜ ืื™ื, ืจืฉืขื™ื? 

ืคืึทืจ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืจ ืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื›ืœ ืื™ื ื“ืขืจืฉื˜ืึธื›ืŸ? 

ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ, ื“ืขืจ ื ื‘ื™ื ืืฒึทืขืจืขืจ, ืคืึทืจ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืขืจ ืึทื–ืฑ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ื•ื˜? 
ืคืึทืจ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืืฒึทืš ื“ืขืจ ื ื‘ื™ื ืขืก ื ื™ื˜ ืžื•ื—ืœ 

ื ืึธื›ืŸ ื˜ื•ื˜? 

ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ ืฐืึธืก ื–ื•ื“ื™ืง ืื™ื–, ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืฉืึทืจืœืึทืš-ืจืฑื™ื˜-- 
ืคืึทืจ ืฐืึธืก ืึธ, ืงืึธื›ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื˜? 

ืื•ืŸ ื”ืขืจื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืฆื• ืงืึธื›ืŸ! 


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ืึทืœืข ื–ื›ืจื™ื”! 
ื ื‘ื•ื–ืจืึทื“ืŸ (ืฆืขืฉืจืฒื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš) 
ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ืš! ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ืš! 
ื ื™ื˜ ืžืฒึทื ืข ืคืจื™ืขืจื“ื™ืงืข ื’ืขื˜ืขืจ-- 
ืก'ืื™ื– ืืฒึทืขืจ ื’ืึธื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ -- 
ืืฒึทืขืจ ื ื‘ื™ื, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืืฒึทืš, ื“ื•ืจืš ืžื™ืจ ืคืึทืจื ื™ื›ื˜ 
ืื•ืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืขื‘ืจืึทื›ื˜. 
ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทื ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ืŸ ื ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜: 
ืคืึทืจ ืฐืึธืก ื‘ื™ืกื˜ื• ื ื™ื˜ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜? 
ืฐืึธืก ืงืึธื›ืŸ ืขืก ืึทื–ืฑ ื“ื™ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ืŸ ื“ืฒึทื ืข ืจืฑื™ื˜? 
ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืœืกื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืึทืจืฑึทืงืŸ? 
ื“ื• ื•ื•ื™ืœืกื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืง ืฆื™ื•ื ืก ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืึทื’ื ื•ื’ืŸ... 
ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ื’ืจื•ื™ื–ืึทืžืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืึทืจื’ืขืจ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ืš ื’ืขื”ืจื’ืขื˜! 
ืึธ ื–ื›ืจื™ื”! ื–ื›ืจื™ื”! ื•ื•ื™ืœืกื˜ ื ื•ืงื ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ื•ื•ืงื? 
ืื™ืš ืฉื˜ื™ื™ ืฐื•'ืึท ื”ื•ื ื˜ 
ื‘ืฒึท ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืฒึทื›ืœ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ ื“ืขื ืงืึธื›ื™ืงืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึทื•ื•ืงืข, 
ืื™ืš ืฉื˜ื™ื™ ืึท ืฉืึธื˜ืŸ -- 
ื“ื• ืœื™ื’ืกื˜ ืคืึทืจ ืžื™ืจ ืึท ืœืขื‘ืขื“ื™ืงืข ืฐื•ึผื ื“-- 
ื ื™ื˜ ื’ื™ื‘, ืึธ ื ื‘ื™ื ืฉืึทืจืฃ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืึทื ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื™ืขืฆื˜, ืึท ืžืขืกืขืจ - 
ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื“ืึธืš ื“ืฒึทื ืข ืœื™ื‘ืกื˜ืข ืื•ืžื’ืขื‘ืจืึทื›ื˜! 
ื“ื™ ืฉืขื ืกื˜ืข ื“ืฒึทื ืข ืืฑืกื’ืขืจืึธื˜ืŸ 
ืึธ ื”ืขืฅ ืžื™ืš ื ื™ื˜, ื ื™ื˜ ื”ืขืฅ! 
ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทื ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ืŸ ื ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜: 
ืึธ ื•ื•ืขืžืขืก? ื•ื•ืขืžืขืก 
ืึทื›ื–ืจื™ื•ืช ืื™ื– ื’ืจืขืกืขืจ? 
ื“ืขื ืคึฟืึธืœืงืก ืฆื™ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคึผืจืึธืคึผืขื˜ืก? 
ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜: 
ื“ืึธืก ืคืึธืœืง ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜! 


ืื™ื– ืฉืœืขื›ื˜! 
ืืžืช ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื›ึผืขืก ืื™ื– ืืžืช... 
ืึทืœืข ืืžืช! ืืžืช! 
ื ื‘ื•ื–ืจืึทื“ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจื“ ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืš ืึท ื”ื•ื™ื‘ -- (ืฆื• ืงื•ืœื™ื”ืŸ). 


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ื•ื™ ืจื•ืคื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ืš, ืึธ ืึทืœื˜ืขื˜ืฉืงืข ืื•ืŸ ื’ืจืึธืข 


ื˜ื•ื™ื‘? 
ืงื•ืœื™ื” ืงื•ืœื™ื”. 
ื ื‘ื•ื–ืจืึทื“ืŸ ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ, ื–ืึธื’? 


ืฐื•ึผ ื‘ื™ืกื˜ื• ืขืก ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขื ื˜ืึธื’, 

ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขื”ื™ื™ืกืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืงืœื™ื™ื ืข ืฉืขื›ื˜ืŸ 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื–ื›ืจื™ื”ืก ื‘ืœื•ื˜, 

ื–ื›ืจื™ื”ืก ื‘ืœื•ื˜ ืฆื• ืฉื˜ื™ืœืŸ? 

ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืœืŸ ืื™ื–'ืก ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ, ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืœืŸ! 


ืึทืœืข ื’ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜ืขืจ! 

ื ื‘ื•ื–ืจืึทื“ืŸ ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ... ื“ื• ื“ืึทืจืคืกื˜ ื“ืขื ื˜ืึธื’ ื’ืขื“ืขื ืงืขืŸ ื’ื•ื˜! 
ืคืึทืจ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธืกื˜ื• ื ื™ื˜ ืึธืคึผื’ืขื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ืžื™ืš? 

ืงื•ืœื™ื” ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื‘ืึทื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ืš... 

ื ื‘ื•ื–ืจืึทื“ืŸ , ื‘ืึทื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ืš... ื“ื™ืš ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื’ืœื™ืงื˜! 


ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื“ืึธืš ื ืึธืš ื‘ืึทื”ืึทืœื˜ืขื ืข ื’ืขืฉื™ืงื˜, 

ื‘ืึทื”ืึทืœื˜ืขื ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืงืขืœืขืจืก ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืœืŸ 

ื’ืขื”ื™ื™ืกืŸ ืงื•ื™ืœืŸ -- 

ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืžื™ื˜ ืืฒึทืขืจ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ ื–ื™ึทื™ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื˜, ื’ืขืฉื˜ื™ืœื˜, 

ื’ืขืงื™ืœื˜, 

ื ื™ื˜ ื˜ืึทืงืข ื‘ืึทืœื“, ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืœืฒึทืš -- 

ื ืึธืจ ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขืฉื˜ื™ืœื˜! 

ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืึทื–ืฑ ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ืึทืŸ... 

ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื“ืขื ื ื‘ื™ื ืืฒึทืขืจืŸ ืฆื•ื ืขืจืฉื˜ ื“ืขืจืคื™ืœื˜, 

ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึทืŸ-- 

ื“ืึทืŸ ืืฒึทืš! 

ืงื•ืœื™ื”! ืื™ืš, 

ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขืงื•ื™ืœืขื˜ ื“ื™ืš! (ืฐืฒึทื–ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื’ื•ืœื™ื ืจืขื›ื˜ื ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ื ืงืก) 

ืื™ ื“ื™ืš! ืื™ ื“ื™ืš! 

ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืชื™ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ืื™ื™ืš ืคืึทืจืฉืœืขืคึผื˜, 

ืืฒึทื™ืš ื–ื›ืจื™ื”ืก, ืึทืœืข ืืฒึทื™ืš- 

ืื•ืŸ ืืฒึทืš ื’ืขืงืขืคึผื˜! 

ืื™ืจ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืœืขื‘ื˜! ืื™ืจ ืœืขื‘ื˜? (ื˜ืจืขื˜ ืึธืคึผ ืื™ืŸ ืฉืจืขืง) 

ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจืฉืจืึธืงืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ืฐืฒึทืš, ืื™ืš ืฐืฒึทืš 
287 


ืึท ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ืึทืจื˜ืขืจ, 
ืึท ืฆืขื˜ื•ืžืœื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืืฒึทื™ืš, 
ืื•ืŸ ืึท ื’ืขืคึผืœืขืคื˜ืขืจ -- 
ืื™ืš ืฐืฒึทื™ืš- ื›ึผื“ื™ ืึท ืฉืคึผืจื•ื ื’ ื˜ืึธืŸ ืฆื• ืืฒึทืš ื”ืึทืจื˜ืขืจ, 
ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ืืฒึทืš ื‘ืึทื”ืขืคื˜ืŸ! (ืขืจ ื‘ืจืขื›ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจื“) 
ืขืก ืื™ื– ืžื™ืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืึธื“! 
ืึท ืฉื•ื•ืขืจื“ ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจ ื“ื™ ื’ืขื˜ืขืจ - ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจ ื’ืึธื˜, 
ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจ ืื™ื™ืš! (ื•ืึทืจืคื˜ ื“ื™ ืฆืขื‘ืจืึธื›ืขื ืข ืฉื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืึทืฐืขืง) 
ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ (ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืึทื”ืึทืœื˜ ื“ื™ ืฆืขื‘ืจืึธื›ืขื ืข ืฉื•ื•ืขืจื“ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืึทืžื“) 
ื ื‘ื•ื–ืจืึทื“ืŸ ื‘ืึทื”ืึทืœื˜, ื‘ืึทื”ืึทืœื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจื“, 
ื“ืขื ืงืึทืœื˜ืŸ ืืฒึทื–ืŸ, 
ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“, ื“ืขืจ ืงืึทืœื˜ืขืจ... 
ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจื“ ื“ืขืจ ืกื™ืžื‘ืึธืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆืขืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ - 
ื‘ืึทื”ืึทืœื˜ ืื™ื, ื‘ืจื•ื“ืขืจ, 
ืื™ืš ื’ื™ื™ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืš ื‘ืึทื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ... 
ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ ื‘ืึทื”ืึทืœื˜ื ื“ื™ืงืขืจื”ืฒื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ื˜ ื ืฒึท ืฐืขืจืŸ 
ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื—ืจื•ื‘ืขืจ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”, 
ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ืื™ืจืข ื”ื™ืžืœืขืŸ ืงืœืึธืจ... 
ื›'ื•ื•ืขืœ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฐื™ ืื™ืจ ืึท ื™ื™ื“ 
ืื•ืŸ ืฐืขืœ ืื™ื›'ืก ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืึทืฐืฒึทื–ืŸ -- 
ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื‘ืึทืฐืฒึทื–ืŸ ืขืก ืžืฒึทืŸ ืงื™ื ื“: 
ืžืฒึทืŸ ืงื•ืžืขื ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ื“ื•ืจ-- 
ืขืจ ืฉืึธืงืœื˜ ืึธืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ื™ ื–ื™ื ื“... 
ืงื•ืœื™ื” ืึทื–ืฑ...ืึทื–ืฑ.., 
ื ื‘ื•ื–ืจืึทื“ืŸ ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ืขืจ ื’ืฑื™-- 
ื•ื•ืขืœ'ืš ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืึท ื™ื™ึดื“ ืึท ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ืขืจ! 
ื ืึธืจ ืฐืึธืก ืึท ื“ื•ืจ-- ืฐืึธืก ืขื›ื˜ืขืจ... 
ืึทืœืฅ ื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜ืขืจ! 
ืึธืคึผื’ืขื”ื™ื˜ืขืจ, ื™ืึธ, ืžืขืจ ืึธืคึผื’ืขื”ื™ื˜-- 
ืงื•ืœื™ื” ืึทื–ืฑ...ืึทื–ืฑ.., 
ื ื‘ื•ื–ืจืื“ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื™ืขืฆื˜ ืžื™ื˜? (ืฆื• ืฉืžืขื™ื”ืŸ) 
ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ืึท ื–ื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืœ? ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืฆึทื•ื•ื™ื™! 
ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ ืžืฒื™ืŸ ื–ืึธืžืขืŸ! 
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ื—ื•ืœื“ื” 
ื ื‘ื•ื–ืจืึทื“ืŸ 
ื—ื•ืœื“ื” 


ื ื‘ื•ื–ืจืึทื“ืŸ 
ื—ื•ืœื“ื” 


ื“ื™ ืคืจื•ื™ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ืจืŸ ื–ื™ื™-- 
ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืคืึทืจื’ืขืกืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ... 
ืคืึทืจื’ืขืกืŸ, ื™ืึธ... ืื•ืŸ ืžืขืจืขืจ ื ืึธืš - 
ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืคืึทืจื’ืขืกืŸ ืึทืœืฅ! 
ืึธืคึผื’ืขื˜ืจืฒืกืœื˜ ื•ื™ ืึท ืœืึทืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืึทืœื“ื–, 
ืึทืจืึธืคึผื’ืขืฐืึธืจืคืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืึท ื™ืึธืš-- / 
ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืึทืคึผืจืฒึทื˜ , ื›'ื‘ื™ืŸ ืคืจื™ื™! 
ืื™ืš ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ืึท ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืึธืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืก'ื ื™ื™... 
ื•ื•ืขืจ? ืฐืขืจ ืฐื™ืœ . 
ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื’ื™ 
ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืขื’ ืึทื”ื™ื™ื ื™ืขืฆื˜ ืžืึทื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื™ืœ? 
ืื•ืŸ ื’ื™ื›ืขืจ ื’ื™ืš! 
ืื™ืš! ืื™ืš! (ืงื•ืžื˜ ืฆื• ืื™ื ืฆื•) 
ื“ื•, ื“ื•?... ืึท ืคืจื•ื™? 
ื›'ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืื•ื™ืš, ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ืจ ื‘ืึทื ืึทื ื“, 
ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ืจ ืื™ืŸ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ-ืœืึทื ื“! 
ืื™ืŸ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ-ืœืึทื ื“... ืื™ืŸ ืœืึทื ื“! 
ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขืฆืขืœื˜, 
ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจืขืจ ืึท ื”ื™ื™ื-- 
ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ืจ! ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ืจ ื’ืขื”ื™ื™ื, 
ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ืจ ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ืขืœื˜! 
ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ื•ืขืœืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื–ื™ืš ื”ื™ื˜ืŸ 
ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ... 
ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืงื™ื™ื ืขื ื“ืึธืš ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืึทืจืคืŸ ืคืจืขื’ืŸ 
ื•ื•ื•ึผ? 
ืื™ ืื™ืš, ืื™ ื“ื•-- 
ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื’ื™ื™ืขืจ ื“ืึธืš ื’ืขื ื™ื˜ืข, 
ืื•ืŸ ืฐื•ืขืœืŸ ืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ... 
ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืขื’ ืฆื• ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืžืึทืžืขืŸ! 
ืžื™ืจ ืฐื•ืขืœืŸ ืงื•ืงืŸ ืึท ื’ืขืคืึทืจ ื’ืœืฒึทืš ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ -- 
ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ ืฆืขืจื™ื ื˜, ื–ื™ ืฐืขื˜ ืฆืขืจื™ื ืขืŸ! 
ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ืึทืฐืขืงื’ืขืคืœื•ื™ื’ืŸ! 
ืžื™ืจ ืฐืขืœืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ, 

289 


ื ื‘ื•ื–ืจืึทื“ืŸ 


ื—ื•ืœื“ื” 
ื ื‘ื•ื–ืจืึทื“ืŸ 
ื—ื•ืœื“ื” 
ื ื‘ื•ื–ืจืึทื“ืŸ 
ื—ื•ืœื“ื” 


ื ื‘ื•ื–ืจืึทื“ืŸ 


ืงื•ืœื™ื” 
ื—ื•ืœื“ื” 
ื ื‘ื•ื–ืจืึทื“ืŸ 


ื—ื•ืœื“ื” 
ื ื‘ื•ื–ืจืึทื“ืŸ 


ื—ื•ืœื“ื” 


ื ื‘ื•ื–ืจืึทื“ืŸ 


ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืขืคืึทืจืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข -- ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืžื™ื˜ืŸ... 

ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืขื ืข, ืžื™ื˜ ืฉื˜ืึธืœืฆืข ืงืขืคึผ, 
ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืœื•ืฆืœื™ื ื’ ื’ื™ื‘ ืื™ืš ืคืึทืจืŸ ืึทืจื‘ืœ ื“ื™ืš ืึท ืฉืœืขืคึผ-- 
ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื’ื™ื™ืขืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืจืฒึท'ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ื’ืŸ, 

ื•ึดื•ื™ ืึทืœื˜ื™ื ืงืข, ืฐื™ ืึทืœื˜ืข... 

ืžื™ืจ ื•ืขืœืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืึทื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ, 

ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืึธื˜'ื™ืžืขืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืก ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืคืขืœื“ื–ื ืฉืคึผืึทืœื˜ืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืœื•ืฆืœื™ื ื’ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื–ื™ืš ืคืจื™ื™ืœืขื›ืข ื‘ืึทืฐืฒึทื–ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืขื›ืขืจ -- 
ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืฒึทื’ืŸ ื”ืขื›ืขืจ... 

ื ืขื ืžื™ืš ืžื™ื˜! 

(ื’ืขืคืึทืœืŸ ื‘ืฒึท ื–ื™ืš) 

ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืึท ื’ืฑ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ... 

ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ื™ืขืฆื˜ ืึท ื™ื™ื“! 

ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืขืก ื–ืฒึทืŸ... 

ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืœืกื˜ื• ื ืึธืจ -- ื“ื™ืจ ื’ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื›'ืก ืืฒึทืŸ! 

ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื–ืŸ ืฉืœืขื›ื˜-- 

ื•ื•ืขืกื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื’ื•ื˜-- 

ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืขื›ื˜! 

ืงื•ืœื™ื”! ื•ืฐื•ึผ ื‘ื™ืกื˜ื• (ื“ืขืจื–ืขื˜ ืื™ื) 

ื–ืึธื’ ืึทืœื˜ืขื˜ืฉืงืขืจ, ื–ืึธื’ ื“ื•ึน-- (ืฐืฒึทื–ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื—ื•ืœื“ื”ืŸ) 

ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ืŸ, ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื˜... 

ืžืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืึธื›ื˜ืขืจ ื˜ื•ื˜-- 

ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš -- ืื™ืš ืฉืึธืงืœ ืฆื•... 

ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืึทื”ืฒื, ืื™ืš ื‘ืขื ืง-- 

ื“ื• ื‘ืขื ืงืกื˜... 

ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ืจ ืึทื”ื™ื™ื, ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ืจ-- 

ืžื™ื˜ ืžื™ืจ! 

ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก, ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ืจืขื ื’, 

ืื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฅ ืื™ื– ื”ืึทืจื˜ 

ืื•ืŸ ื•ื™ ืคืึทืจืฉืคึผืึทืจื˜... 

ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืขื ื’! 

ื ื™ื˜ ืงืึทืจื’! 

ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก, ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก; 


290 


ื—ื•ืœื“ื” 


ื ื‘ื•ื–ืจืึทื“ืŸ 


ื—ื•ืœื“ื” 


ื ื‘ื•ื–ืจืึทื“ืŸ 


ื—ื•ืœื“ื” 


ื ื‘ื•ื–ืจืึทื“ืŸ 


ื—ื•ืœื“ื” 
ื ื‘ื•ื–ืจืึทื“ืŸ 


ื—ื•ืœื“ื” 
ื ื‘ื•ื–ืจืึทื“ืŸ 


ื›'ื‘ื™ืŸ ืึธืคึผื˜ ืžืึธืœ ื‘ื™ื™ื–-- 

ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืฉื˜ืึทืจืง 

ืื•ืŸ ืฆืึทืจื˜ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื–ืขืœ! 

ืžืฒึทืŸ ืคืขืœ 

ืื™ื– ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื”ืึทืจื˜, 

ืžืฒึทืŸ ืขืฉื‚ื•-ื”ื•ื™ื˜ -- 

ืจื•ื™ื˜-ืจื•ื™ื˜.., 

ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืฐืฒึทืก, 

ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ื™ืขืงื‘-ืฐืฒึทืก-- 

ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืฉื˜ืึทืจืงืขืจ ื’ืฒึทืกื˜! 

ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ื ืœื™ื‘ -- 

ื”ืึธืกื˜ ืœื™ื‘! 

ื’ื™ื‘ ื“ื™ ื”ืึทื ื˜ ืžื™ืจ, ื’ื™ื‘! 

ืื•ืŸ ืงื•ื ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึท ืžืฒึทื™ืŸ ืฐืฒึทื‘-- 

ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืฉื™ื™ืŸ -- ืื™ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื ืฉืžื”, ืื™ ื“ืฒึทื™ืŸ ืœืฒึทื‘, 
ื“ืึธืก ื‘ืขืกื˜ืข ื“ืฒื™ืŸ -- 

ืื™ื– ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืึทืฐื•ึผืกื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื–ืฒึทืŸ! 

ื“ื• ื’ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื ืึธืš ืžื™ืจ ืฐื™ ืึท ื‘ืœื™ื ื“ืข: 
ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืขืจ ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ! 

ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื“ื™ืš ืœื™ื‘ -- 

ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื”ืึทืจื˜ืข, ืฆืึทืจื˜ืข ื–ืขืœ! 

ืึธ, ื’ื™ื‘ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื”ืึทื ื˜ ืžื™ืจ, ื’ื™ื‘! 

ื“ื• ื•ืขืกื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ, -- 
ื•ื•ืขืกื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ืจืŸ ื–ื™ืŸ -- 

ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ! 

(ืคืึทืœื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ืคืœ) 

ื“ื• ืฐืขืกื˜! ื“ื• ืฐืขืกื˜! 

ืึธ, ืคืจื•ื™, 

ื•ื™ ืงืขื ืกื˜ื• ืขืก? 

ื•ื•ื™ืกื ื“ื™ืง ื’ืขื ื•ื™ 

ื•ื™ ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื›ึนึผืฉื‚ ื“ื™ ื–ื™ืš ืคืึทืจ ืืฒึทื™ืš ืคืึทืจืฉื•ืœื“ื™ืงื˜... 
ื”ืึธืกื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืงื•ื™ืคื˜ ื“ื™ ืฉื•ืœื“! 
ืื™ืš ืฐื•ืขืœ! ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ! 


21 


ื—ื•ืœื“ื” 
ื ื‘ื•ื–ืจืึทื“ืŸ 


ื—ื•ืœื“ื” 
ื ื‘ื•ื–ืจืึทื“ืŸ 


ื—ื•ืœื“ื” 
ื ื‘ื•ื–ืจืึทื“ืŸ 


ืึท ื ืฒึท ืึธื ื’ืข- 
ืงื•ืžืขื ืขืจ 


ืึทืœืข 


ืฉืžืขื™ื” 
ื ื‘ื•ื–ืจืึทื“ืŸ 


ื ืคืจื•ื™-- 

ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ืžืœ ืžืฒึทื ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ื’ืจื•ื™-- 

ืขืจ ื“ืึทืจืฃ ืขืจืฉื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื”ืขืœ 

ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืจื ื˜... 

ืขืจ ืฐืขื˜ ืฐืขืจืŸ! 

ื“ืขืจืฐืฒึทืœืข ืคื™ืœ ืื™ืš ื–ื™ืš ื ืึธืš ืฉื•ืœื“ื™ืง! ืฉื•ืœื“ื™ืง! 
ื•ื™ ืจื•ืคื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ืš, ื–ืึธื’, ื–ืึธื’? 

ื—ื•ืœื“ื”, 

ืงื•ื, ื—ื•ืœื“ื”, ืงื•ื, 

ื–ืฒึท ืึท ืฐืฒึทื‘ ืžื™ืจ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึท ืžื™ืจ, ื–ืฒึท ืึท ื˜ืึธื›ื˜ืขืจ... 
ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ื™ื•ื ื’ - , ืึธ ืžืึธืจื’ืŸ-ืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ 

ืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืžืœ ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขืœืึธื›ื˜ืŸ! 

ื ืฒึท ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขื’ืึทื ื’ืขื ืขืจ ืคืึทืจื˜ืึธื’! 

ืงื•ื! (ืขืจ ืงื•ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื’ื•ืœื™ื) 

ื“ื• ืงื•ืงืกื˜ ืึทืจื•ื ื–ื™ืš - , ืฐืึธืก ืงื•ืงืกื˜ื• ื–ื™ืš ืึทืจื•ื? 
ืึธื˜ ืื™ื– ืึทื‘ื˜ืœื™ื” ืื•ืŸ ืึธื˜ ืื™ื– ืฉืžืขื™ื”-- 
ืฉืžืขื™ื”! (ืฐืฒึทื–ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ื™ื™) 

ืึทื–ืขืœื›ืข ื–ืึธืœืกื˜ื• ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ืจืŸ! 

ื–ื™ื ื’ืขื ื“ื™ืงืข, ืคึผืจืฒึทื™ืข-- 

ืึทื–ืขืœื›ืข ื’ื™ื™ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจืœื•ื™ืจืŸ! 

ืฉืžืขื™ื” ืื•ื• ืึทื‘ื˜ืœื™ื•ืŸ! 


(ืงื•ืžื˜ ืืฒึทืœื™ืง ืึธืŸ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืœื™ื ืงืก, ืฉืจืฒึทื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ืคืœื˜ ืื•ื™ืก) 
ื’ื“ืœื™ื”! 

ื’ืขืคืึทืœืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ื“ืœื™ื” 

ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืคืึทืจื‘ืจืขื›ืขืจื™ืฉืขืจ ื”ืึทื ื˜! 

(ื“ืขืจืฉืจืึธืงืŸ, ื˜ื™ืฃ ื’ืขืจื™ืจื˜) 

ื’ื“ืœื™ื”! 

ืึธ ืฉืึทื ื“... 

ื’ื“ืœื™ื” -- , ื“ืขืจ ืคึฟืึทืจืึทื ื˜ืฐืึธืจื˜ืœืขื›ืขืจ ืžืึทืŸ 
ื“ืึธืจื˜, ื™ืขืฆื˜ ืึท! 

ื’ื“ืœื™ื” -- ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืขืžืขืŸ ื’ืขืœื™ื‘ื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืจื™ืžื˜ืขืจ, 
ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืฉืขืฆื˜ืขืŸืจืŸ 


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ืงื•ืœื™ื” 
ืฉืžืขื™ื” 


ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขื ืขืจ 
ืึทืœืข 
ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขื ืขืจ 


ืึทืœืข 
ืฉืžืขื™ื” 


ื“ืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜ ืื™ื, 

ื“ืขื ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืŸ, ื“ืขื ื”ืขืœื“, 

ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื•ื™ื›ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืขืœ-- 

ืžืฒึทืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข 

ื’ื•ื˜ืข ื˜ืึทื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”... 

ืึท ืฉืึธื“... 

ืึธ, ื’ืึธื˜! 

ื’ื“ืœื™ื”! ื‘ืจื•ื“ืขืจ... (ืฆื• ื“ืขื ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขื ืขื) 

ื•ื•ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ืก ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ? 

ื•ื•ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืึทื ืขืŸ? 

ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ ื‘ืŸ-ื ืชึผื ื™ื”. 

ื–ืฒึท ืคืึทืจืฉืึธืœื˜ืŸ! 

ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ! ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืงืขืจ, ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื—ื•ืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก: 

ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ืงืขื ื™ื’ืœืขื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ื–... 

ืขืจ! ืขืจ ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ 

ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ึทืขึทืœื™ืกืŸ ื“ืขื ืง{ืขื ื™)ื’ ื‘ื ื™ื“ืขืžื•ืŸ; 

ื‘ืขืœื™ืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืึทืฆืึธืœื˜ ืื™ืŸื,} 

ืื•ืŸ ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืก ืึธืคึผื ืขื˜ืึธืŸ-- 

ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื˜ืฑื˜ื’ืขืฉืœืึธื’ืŸ... 

ื–ืฒึท ืคืึทืจืฉืึธืœื˜ืŸ! 

ื’ืขื“ืขื ืงื˜ ื“ืขื ื˜ืึธื’! 

ื’ืขื“ืขื ืงื˜ ื“ืขื ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืŸ, ื“ืขื ื˜ืึธื’ ืื™ื, 

ื’ืขื“ืขื ืงื˜ ืื™ื ืึทืœืข-- 

ืึท ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ื™ื™ื“ ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ืžืฆืคึผื” ืื•ื ื“ื– ื’ืขืคืึทืœืŸ... 

ืึท ืคึผืึทืกื˜ืขืš ื˜ืจืฒึท ืื™ื– ืื•ืžื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ -- 

ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื‘ืขืจื’ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”ืก 

ื‘ืœืึธื ืงืขื˜ ืึท ืฆืขืฐืึธืจืคืขื ืข ืึทืจื•ืžืขื˜ 

ื“ื™ ืขืœื ื˜ืข, ื“ื™ ืกื˜ืึทื“ืข ืฉืึธืฃ, 

ืึท ืฉื™ืคืขืœืข ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื™ื ืื•ืŸ ืึธืŸ ืึท ืจื•ื“ืขืจ... 

ืึทื–ืฑ ืฐื™ ืื™ืจ ื’ืขื“ืขื ืงื˜ ื“ืขื ื˜ืึธื’ 

ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืึธืžืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืœืึธื’, 

ื“ืขื ื˜ืึธื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืชึผืฉืขื”-ื‘ืึธื‘, 

ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ื”ืฒื™ืœื™ืงืกื˜ืข ืึทืฐืขืง ืžื™ื˜ ืจื•ื™ืš - 
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ืึทืœืข 
ื—ื•ืœื“ื” 


ื ื‘ื•ื–ืจืึทื“ืŸ 


ืึทื–ืฑ ื’ืขื“ืขื ืงื˜ ื“ืขื ื˜ืึธื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ื“ืœื™ื”ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš... 
ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจื•ื•ื™ืฉื˜, 

ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืžื™ืฉื˜ 

ื–ืึธืœ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืคืจื™ืฉืข ืคึผืœืึธื’ 

ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืขื›ื˜ืŸ... 

ืื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืœื˜ ื ื™ื˜, ืึธ, ื ื™ื˜ ืฉื™ืœื˜ ื“ืขื ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ืŸ-- 
ื’ืขื“!ืข|ื ืงื˜ ื“ืขื ื’ื•ื˜ืŸ, 

ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืœืขื‘ื˜ ืคืึทืจ ืื•ื ื“ื–, ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืคืึทืจ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื™ืขืฆื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ืŸ... 
ืฉื™ืœื˜ ื ื™ื˜! ืึธ ื ื™ื˜ ืฉื™ืœื˜ ื™ืขืฆื˜ ื“ืขื ืคืึทืจื”ืึทืกื˜ืŸ -- 

ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ืฉืขื ืกื˜ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืŸ, ื“ืขื ื‘ืขืกื˜ืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืขื‘ืจืึทื›ื˜... 
ืžื™ืจ ืฐืขืœืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื ื‘ืึทืฐื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ืงืจื‘ืŸ -- 

ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืคืึทืกื˜ืŸ... 

ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึธืจื‘ืŸ! 

ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’ ื–ืึธืœ ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื•ื™ ื ืึทื›ื˜, 

ืึทืจื•ืžื ืขืžืขืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืึท ืฉืจืขืง, 

ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืึธื ื˜ืึธืŸ-- ื–ืขืง. 

ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืœืึทื›ื˜-- 
ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฃ, (ื“ืฒึทืŸ} ื”ืึทืจืฃ ืึทื‘ื˜ืœื™ื”! 

ืื•ื™ืš {ืฉื‘ื ื, ื“ื•} ื“ื™ ื”ืึทืจืคืŸ ืืฒึทืขืจืข {ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ืขืงื˜ืŸ 

ืขืก ื–ืึธืœ ืึท ืคืึทืกื˜ื˜ืึธื’ ื–ืฒึทืŸ, ืึท ืฆื•ื-ื’ื“ืœื™ื”. 

(ื–ืขืฆืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืจืึธืคึผื’ืขืŸืœืึธื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืงืขืคึผ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืขืจ) 

(ืคืึทืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ื™ืคืŸ ืฆืขืจ ืฆื•, ืฆื• ื ื‘ื•ื–ืจืึทื“ืึทื ืขืŸ) 

ืึธ ื”ืึทืœื˜ ืžื™ืš, ืื™ืš ืคึฟืึทืœ ืื•ื... 

(ื ืึธืš ืึท ืงื•ืจืฆืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืœืฉืฐื•ืฒื™ื’ืŸ, ื’ืœืขื˜ื ื“ื™ืง ืื™ืจ ืœืฒึทื›ื˜ ื“ืขื ืงืึธืคึผ) 

ืงื•ื! ืงื•ื!... (ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื’ื•ืœื™ื) 

ืื™ืš ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขื–ืขืกืŸ ืฉื‘ืขื” ื’ืœืฒึทืš 

ืžื™ื˜ ืืฒื™ืš... 

ื ื‘ื•ื›ื“ื ืืฆืจ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ืš ืฉื˜ืึทืจืง ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื ืขืŸ, 

ื ื‘ื•ื›ื“ื ืืฆืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืžื ื•ื—ื” -- 

ืขืจ ืงืขืŸ ืžื™ืš ื–ื•ื›ืŸ, 

ืื•ืŸ ืงืขืŸ ืžื™ืš ื ืึธืš ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ... 

ืงื•ื! (ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ ืœืึทื ื’ื–ืึทืก ืึธืคึผ ืœื™ื ืงืก) 


ืคืึธืจื”ืึทื ื’ ืคืึทืœื˜ ืœืึทื ื’ื–ืึทื, 
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ืึท ื–ืฒึทื˜ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“ ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืจืึทืคื™ืฉืข ืกืฆืขื ืข-ืึธื ืฐืฒึทื–ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื ื“ืจื™ื˜ืŸ ืึทืงื˜ ืคื•ืŸ "ืขืœ ื ื”ืจื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืœ" 


ื“ืจื™ื˜ืขืจ ืึทืงื˜ 


ื“ื™ ืึธื ื˜ืฒืœ-ื ืขืžืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืจื™ื˜ืŸ ืึทืงื˜ 

ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดืš 

ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดืš 

ื“ืจื™ื˜ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืฒึท ื“ื™ ื˜ื•ื™ืขืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืœ. 
ืคืขืจื˜ืขืจ ื™ื™ื“ 

ืคื™ื ืคื˜ืขืจ ื™ื™ืš 

ื–ืขืงืกื˜ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดืš 

ืฉืจืืฆืจ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืฑืคึผื˜ืฐืขื›ื˜ืขืจ ื‘ืฒึทื ื˜ื•ื™ืขืจ "ืงื•ืฃ" 
ืงื•ืœื™ื” 

ืึทื‘ื™ื’ื™ืœ 

ืฉืžืขื™ื” ื”ื ื—ืœืžื™ 

ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ ื”ื ื‘ื™ื 

ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืœื™ื˜ 

ืึทื‘ื˜ืœื™ื” 

ืฉื‘ื ื 

ืึทื—ืึธื‘ ื‘ืŸ ืงื•ืœื™ื” (ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขืœื™ื‘ื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืคึฟืึธืœื’) 
ื’ื•ืœื™ื ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืœ 


ืฉืขืจ 


ื“ื™ ื˜ื•ื™ืขืจืŸ ืง ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืœ 


ื‘ืึทืจื™ืขืจืขืก ื‘ืึทืจื™ืขืจืขืก 
ืจืขื›ื˜ืก ืœื™ื ืงืก ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื•ืฉื•ื™ืขืจ 
ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจืžืึทื›ื˜ืข ื˜ื•ื™ืขืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืœ ืคืึทืจื ืขืžืขืŸ ืึท ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ื ืขื ืžื™ื˜ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืจื•ื ื˜. ืœื™ื ืงืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ื‘ืœ-ื˜ื•ื™ืขืจืŸ ื‘ื™ื– ืฆื•ื 
ื•ื•ื™ื ืงืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึทืฐืึทื ืกืฆืขื ืข ืคื™ืจ ื‘ืึทืจื™ืขืจืŸ ื•ื™ ืึทืŸ ืึทืžืคึฟื™ื˜ืขืึทื˜ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืœืึทื’ืขืจื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืžืฉืคึผื—ื•ืช: ืคึฟืจื•ื™ืขืŸ, ืžืขื ืขืจ, ืึทืœื˜ืข 
ืœืฒึทื˜, ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืคึผืขืงืœืขืš. ื“ื™ ืœืขื‘ืขื“ื™ืงืข ื ืคืฉื•ืช ืžื™ืฉืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืก ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืžืึธืœื˜ืข ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ-ื˜ื™ืคึผืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืงืึธืจืึทืฆื™ืขืก. 
ื“ื™ ื’ืึทื ืฆืข ืึทืฐืึทื ืกืฆืขื ืข ืื™ื– ื‘ืฒึทื ืื•ื™ืคื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืึธืจื”ืึทื ื’ ืœื™ื™ื“ื™ืง, 


ืจืขื›ื˜ืก ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ื ืงืก ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื•ืฉื•ื™ืขืจ. 
206 


ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื™ื™ื“ 


ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื™ื™ื“ 


ื“ืจื™ื˜ืขืจ ื™ื™ื“ 


ืคืขืจื˜ืขืจ ื™ื™ื“ 


ืคื™ื ืคื˜ืขืจ ื™ื™ื“ 


(ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืขื›ืกื˜ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืจื™ืขืจืข ืœื™ื ืงืก) 

ืขืคื ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื˜ืฑืขืจืŸ! 

ื•ื™ ืœืึทื ื’? 

ื•ื™ ืœืึทื ื’ ื•ื•ืขื˜'ืก ื ืึธืš ื’ืขื“ื•ื™ืขืจืŸ 

ื“ืขืจ ื’ืœื•ืช-ื’ืึทื ื’? 

ืžื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืจื™ืจืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื‘ืจ! 

(ืคื•ืŸ ืจืขื›ื˜ืก, ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉืžืขืœืขืจืขืจ ื‘ืึทืจื™ืขืจืข) 

ื–ืึธื’ ืื•ื ื“ื–, ื•ื•ืขืŸ? ืึธ ื’ืึธื˜! 

ื–ืึธื’ ืฐืขืŸ! 

ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืคื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคืึทืจ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื“ืขืจ ืงื‘ืจ? 

ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื’ืขืขืคื ื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืฒึทื™ื ื“ืœืขื›ืข, ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜? 

ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฉืคึผืึทืœื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืขืจื ืข ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขื ื˜? 

(ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื ืงืก) 

ื‘ืจืขื›ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื˜ืฑืขืจืŸ, 

ื“ื™ ื“ื™ืงืข ื‘ื‘ืœ-ืžืฑืขืจืŸ! 

ื‘ืจืขื›ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ, ื‘ืจืขื›ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ืงืขืจืงืขืจ! 

ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ืœืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ, 

ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ-- 

ื“ืขืจ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืš ืขืจื’ืขืจ... 

ื˜ืึธืžืขืจ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืฐืขืจ, ื˜ืึธืžืขืจ ื”ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจ-- 

ื“ืขืจืฉืœืึธื’ื˜ ืื™ื! 

ืžื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืžื“ื‘ืจ 

ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ! 

(ืคื•ืŸ ืจืขื›ื˜ืก) 

ื–ืึธืœ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืึท ืกื•ืฃ -- 

ื‘ืจืขื›ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ! 

ื‘ืจืขื›ื˜ ื“ืขื ื˜ื•ื™ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ! 

(ืœื™ื ืงืก) 

ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืžื™ื“... 

ืคืขืจืฆื™ืง ื™ืึธืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืฆืจื™ื ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืึท ื™ื™ื“ 

ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื›ึผื ืขืŸ! 

ืึทืœืข ื‘ื ื™-ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ ื•ื™ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึทืŸ! 

ืืจื•ื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ืงื ืขื›ื˜ืฉืึทืคื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฐืฒึทื˜ ืึทืฐืขืง ืฆื•ื ืคืจื™ื™-ื–ื™ื™ื–. 
297 


ืึท ื–ืฆืงืกื˜ืขืจ ื™ื™ื“ 


ืฉืจืืฆืจ 


ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื™ื™ื“ 
ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื™ื™ื“ 
ืฉืจืืฆืจ 
ื“ืจื™ื˜ืขืจ ื™ื™ื“ 


ืฉืจืืฆืจ 


ื“ืึธืก ืงืขืŸ ืึท ืคืึธืœืง ื‘ืึทืฐืฒึทื–ืŸ! 
ืฐืึธืก ื‘ื™ืกื˜ื• ื‘ื‘ึฟืœ ืื•ื ื“ื–, ืฐืขืจ ื‘ื™ืกื˜ื•? 
ื–ืึธื’, 
ืžื™ืจ ื–ืึธืœืŸ ืฉืœืขืคึผืŸ, ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ ื“ื™ืจ ื–ื™ืš, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ืกื˜ืข 
ืึทืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื™ืงืŸ ื˜ืึธื’! 
(ืจืขื›ื˜ืก) 
ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืžื™ื“-- 
ืขืคืŸ, ื‘ื‘ืœ ืื•ื™ืฃ, ื“ืขื ืืฒึทื–ืขืจื ืขื, ื“ืขื ื˜ื•ื™ืขืจ, 
ืœืึธื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืึทืกืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืขื ื’ืข-- 
ื•ื•ื™ื™ ืื•ื ื“ื–, ื ื™ื˜ืึธ ืึท ื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืจ ื ืึธืš ืึทื–ืึท ืฐื•ื™ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืจ: 
ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื’ืขืคืขื ืงืขื ื™ืฉ... 
(ื“ืขืจ ื”ืฑืคึผื˜ืฐืขื›ื˜ืขืจ ื‘ืฒึท ื“ื™ ื˜ื•ื™ืขืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืœ. ืขืจ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’, ืคื•ืŸ ืจืขื›ื˜ืก, ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ืœื™ื™ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืกืฆืขื ืข, ืžื™ื˜ ืคึผืœืฒืฆืข ืฆื•ื ืฆื•ืฉื•ื™ืขืจ, ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื”ื•ื™ืš ื“ืขื ืงืึธืคึผ, ืงื•ืงื˜ ืึทืจืฑืก ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืจื™ืขืจืขืก, ืœื™ื ืงืก 
ืื•ืŸ ืจืขื›ื˜ืก) | 
ืื™ืจ ืงืึธื ื˜ ืฉืจืฒึทืขืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ, ืึธ, ืื™ืจ ืงืึธื ื˜! 
ืื™ืจ ืฉืจืฒึทื˜... 
ืฉืจืฒึทื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืจื•ืคื˜! 
ื“ื™ ืงื•ืœื•ืช ืืฒึทืขืจืข ืคืึทืจืคืœื™ึดืขืŸ ืฐืฒึทื˜, 
ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจื”ืขืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืึธื ื˜... 
ืื™ืจ ืจื•ืคื˜, ืื™ืจ ืจื•ืคื˜- / 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืืฒึทืขืจืข ืฆืขืฉื•ื•ื™ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืœื•ืคื˜! 
ืงืœืึทืคึผืŸ ืึธืคึผ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืงืึทืœื˜ืขืจ ืžื•ื™ืขืจ, 
ืคืึทืœืŸ ืฆื•, ืฆื• ืึท ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ืึธืคึผื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ืขืจ-- 
ืขืคืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ื˜ืฑืขืจ! 
ืขืคืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ื, ื“ืขื ืคืึทืจืฉืคึผืึทืจื˜ืŸ! 
ืื™ืจ ืžื•ื–ื˜ ื ืึธืš ืฐืึทืจื˜ืŸ -- 
ืจืฉืข! / 
ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื—ื“ืฉื™ื... 
ืžื™ืจ ืฐืึทืจื˜ืŸ ื“ืึธ ื‘ืฒึทื ื’ืœื•ืช-ื˜ื•ื™ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืœื“ ืึท ืฐืึธืš- 
ื‘ืึทืœื“ ืึท ืฐืึธืš ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฐืึธืš-- 
ืฐืึทืจื˜, ืฐืึทืจื˜, | 
ืขืก ื“ืึทืจืคืŸ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื ืึธืš-- 
ื ืึธืš ืงื•ืคืŸ... 
298 


ืคืขืจื˜ืขืจ ื™ื™ื“ 
ืฉืจืืฆืจ 


ืคื™ื ืคื˜ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดืš 


ืฉืจืืฆืจ 
ื–ืขืงืกื˜ืขืจ ื™ื™ื“ 
ืฉืจืืฆืจ 
ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื™ื™ืš 
ืฉืจืืฆืจ 


ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดืš 


ืฉืจืืฆืจ 


ื“ืขืจ ื˜ื•ื™ืขืจ ืงื•ืฃ ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจ ืึท ื™ื™ื“ 

ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืงื•ืฃ ืึธืŸ-- 
ืื•ืžื–ื™ืกื˜ ืืฒึท'ืจ ืฉืจืฒึทืขืŸ, ืื•ืžื–ื™ืกื˜ ืื™ึทื™ื™ืจ ืจื•ืคืŸ, 
ืื™ืš ืขืคืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื˜ื•ื™ืขืจืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ื ืึธืจ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึธืš! 
ืก'ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืึท ืฐืึธืš! 

ื ืึธืš ื ื™ื˜... 

ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ื”ืขืœ, 

ืขืก ืฉื™ืžืขืจื™ืจื˜ ื“ื™ ื–ื•ืŸ ื ืึธืš ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ ืคื•ื ืงืœื˜, 
ืื™ืจ ืฐื•ืขื˜ ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืœ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืก'ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื˜ื•ื ืงืœ-- 
ืึทื–ืฑ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืคืขืœ! 

ืจ'ื–ืขื ื˜ ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ ืึธืŸ ืึท "ืคืึทืจืฐืึธืก?" 

ืื•ืŸ ืึธืŸ ืฉื•ื ืกื™ื‘ื” ื”ืึทืจื˜! 

ืื™ืจ ืœืึธื–ื˜ 

ืื™ืŸ ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจื ื™ืฉืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ, 

ืึท ืคืึธืœืง ืึท ื’ืึทื ืฆืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจืขืจ ืึท ืฆืขืœ, 
ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืฐืึทืจื˜, ืื™ืจ ืฐืึทืจื˜.- 

ื‘ื™ื– ืื•ืฑื™ืกื’ืขืœืึธืฉืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืฐืขื˜ ื“ื™ ืฉืฒื™ืŸ... 

ื‘ื™ื– ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜... 

ืึทื–ืฑ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืคึผืขืœ! 

ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขืขืŸ ื“ืึธืš ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื™ ืฆื• ื’ื™ื™ืŸ? 

ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ื™ืŸ! 

ืžื™ืจ ืคืึทืœืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคื™ืก! 

ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื–, ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– 

ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ื™ืŸ! 

ืžื™ืจ ื˜ืึทืคึผืŸ ื‘ืœื™ื ื“ืข ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜, 

ืžื™ืจ ืงืœืขื˜ืขืจืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ืŸ, 


- ืื•ื™ืฃ ื’ืœืึทื˜ืข ื•ื•ืขื ื˜... 


ืžื™ืจ ืฐืขืœืŸ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ-- 

ืื•ืŸ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืึทืœืฒืŸ... 

ืึท ืงื™ื ื“ ืคืึทืจืœื™ืจื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืžืึทืžืขืŸ, 

ืึท ืžืึทืžืขืŸ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจืœื•ื™ืจืŸ ืื™ืจ ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“-- 
ื–ื™ ื–ื•ื›ื˜ ืขืก, ื–ื•ื›ื˜ ืขืก ืื•ื ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ืŸ... 
ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ื™ืŸ! 


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ืื™ืจ ื–ืึธืœื˜ ืคืึทืจืœื™ืจืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขืกืœืขืš ืขื ื’, 
ืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืึทืกืŸ ืฉืžืึธืœ, | 
ืื™ืจ ืจื™ื›ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ื‘ืึทืจื’ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืึธืœ! 
ืื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ืขืจื•ื™ืฉ, ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืœื™ื ื“ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืžืœ-- 
ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื˜ ื“ื™ ืขืจื“ 
ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ืขื“ืจืขื ื’, 
ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื˜ ื“ืขื ื”ื™ืžืœ, 
ืื™ืจ ืฐื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืฐื•ึผ ื“ื™ ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ื–, ืฐื•ึผ ื“ื™ ืœืขื ื’ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืึทืก, 
ื•ื•ื• ืื•ื™ืก, ืฐื•ึผ ืืฒึทืŸ... 
ืคืึทืจ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืึท ืฉืคึผืึทืก 
ืคืึทืจ ืืฒึทื™ืš ืึท ืคึผืฒืŸ! 
ืึท ื ืึธื ื˜ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืคึผื’ืขืจื™ืกืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ืจ ืฐืฒึทื˜, 
ืื•ืŸ ืึท ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ืจ ื‘ืฒึท ื“ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜, 
ื“ื• ืจื•ืคืกื˜ ืึท ื ืึธื ื˜ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืฐืฒึทื˜ ืฆื• ืฉื˜ื™ืœ-- 
ืขืจ ื”ืขืจื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืฐืึธืก ื“ื• ื•ื•ื™ืœืกื˜... 
ืื•ืŸ ืฆื• ืึท ืฐืฒึทื˜ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขื, ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืึทืงืึทื ื˜ 
ืฐืึธืก ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ืจ ื‘ืฒึท ื“ืขืจ ื”ืึทื ื˜ 
- ืฉืจืฒึทืกื˜ื• ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ืงื•ืœ-- 
ืื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืื™ืŸ ืฆืึธืœ-- 
ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคื’ืขื˜ืจื™ื‘ืขื ืข ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขื ื–ืึธืœื˜ ืื™ืจ ืื™ื™ื ื–ืึทื ื–ืฒึทืŸ! 
ืื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืื™ืŸ ืฆืึธืœ, ืึธ, ื’ืจื•ื™ืก-- 
ืฉื˜ื•ื™ืกื˜ ืึธืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื™ื ืก ืื™ืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืŸ, 
ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื ื™ื˜-ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฐื™ืกื˜ืŸ ืฐืึทื ื“ืขืจืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืฉื™ืœื˜ ืคื•ื ืึทื ื“ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš 
ื ืึธืš ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื™ืก... 
ื™ืึธ, ื™ืึธ, ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ! 
ื ื™ื˜ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืœืฒึทื™ื‘ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ 
ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึทืก -- 
ืื™ืจ ืฐืขื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืกืœืขืš ืžืึทื›ืŸ ืคื•ืœ, 
ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ืื™ืŸ ื›ึผืขืก, 
ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืขืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื–ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืฐืขืœืŸ 
200 


ื“ืขื ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ื ืก ืขืœื ื˜, 

ื“ืขื ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ื ืก ืคึผืฒึทืŸ, 

ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืขืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ ื”ืขืจืŸ... 

ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื–ืึธืœ ื“ืขื ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 

ืึท ืฉื˜ืขืจื•ื ื’! 

ืื™ืŸืจ ื–ืึธืœ}ื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืกืœืขืš ืžืึทื›ืŸ ืคื•ืœ 

ืื•ืŸ ื•ืขืจืŸ 

ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขื ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื™ื ื–ืึทืžืงืฒื˜ ืึทื–ืฉ ื“ื•ืœ! 

ืื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื’ืขืจื™ืงืข ื–ืึธืœื˜ ืื™ืจ ื•ืึธื™ืขืŸ 

ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื–ืึทื˜ืข ื’ื•ื™ื™ึดื-- 

ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื”ื•ื™ืœื˜ืข-ื”ื•ื™ืœ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขื‘ืœืึธื–ืขื ืขืจ ืึท ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜- 
ื“ืจื™ื˜ืขืจ ื™ื™ืš ืคืึทืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื–ื™ื ื“? 

ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื ื•ื’ ืคืึทืจื˜ืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื”ื™ื™ื ืึท ื˜ืจืฒึทืขืŸืจ,} 

ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืึทืฐืขืง ืื™ืฆื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืคืฒึทืขืจ, 

ืื•ืŸ ืึทืจืฒึทื ื’ืขื˜ืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืงืขืจืงืขืจ-- 

ืฆืึทืคึผื˜ ืื™ืจ ื ืึธืš ืื•ืžื–ื™ืกื˜ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื‘ืœื•ื˜? 


ืฉืจืืฆืจ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืœ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื’ื•ื˜! 
ืขืก ืœืขื‘ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคืขืœืงืขืจ ื‘ื‘ืœืก ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื’ื•ื˜-- 
ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืžืขืŸ ืฐืฒึทื–ืŸ ื–ื™ื™, ืึทื– ืืฒึทืš ืื™ื– ืขืจื’ืขืจ... 

ืคืขืจื˜ืขืจ ื™ื™ื“ ืื•ืžืคืึทืจืฉืขืžื˜! 
ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื ื•ื’ ืคึผืึทืจื˜ืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืจืขืžื“, 
ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื ื•ื’ ืึท ืคืจืฒึทืขืŸ ืคืึธืœืง ืื™ืŸ ืงื ืขื›ื˜ ืคืึทืจืฐืึทื ื“ืœืขืŸ, 
ื•ื•ื™ืœื˜ ืื™ืจ ื ืึธืš ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืง ื”ืึทื ื“ืœืขืŸ? 
ืืฒึทืขืจ ื”ืึทื ื“ืœ-ืžื™ื™ืก ืžื™ื˜ ืคืขืœืงืขืจ ืงืœืขื ืขืจืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืฐืฒึทื˜ ืคืึทืจืฉึธืžื˜ - 
ื“ืึธืก ืจื™ืฉืขื•ืช ืืฒึทืขืจืข ื˜ืจืขืคื˜ ืฉืฐื•ืขืจืขืจ ืื•ื ื“ื–, ืึธ, ืฉืฐื•ืขืจ! 
ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื ื•ื’ ืืฒึทื™ืš ื“ืึธืก ื‘ืึทืจืฑื‘ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืื•ืŸ ืฉืขื ื“ืŸ - 
ืจ'ื•ื•ื™ืœื˜ ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืงืœืขื›ืข ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืงืœืขื›ืขืจืข ืžืขืจ 
ืคืึทืจื‘ืœืขื ื“ืŸ -- 
ืึธ ืื•ืžืคืึทืจืฉืขืžื˜! 

ืฉืจืืฆืจ ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ ื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜! ื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜! 

ืคื™ื ืคื˜ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ ื’ื™ืกื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜ - 
ืื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ืกื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ืกื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ืก, 


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ืฉืจืืฆืจ 
ื–ืขืงืกื˜ืขืจ ื™ื™ื“ 


ืฉืจืืฆืจ 
ืงื•ืœื™ื” 


ืึทื‘ื’ื™ืœ 


ืงื•ืœื™ื” 


ืฉืžืขื™ื” 


ืงื•ืœื™ื” 


ื“ื• ืžืึทื›ืŸืก)ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืึท ืชึนึผืœ - 
ืึทื–ืฑ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืคึผืขืœ! ื•' 
ื’ื™ืกื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜ - 
ืื•ืŸ ืฉืขื›ื˜ืกื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืฉืขื›ื˜ืกื˜, 
ืื•ืŸ ืฉื™ื ื“ืกื˜, ืฉื™ื ื“ืกื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืคืขืœ - 
ืึทื–ืฑ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืคืขืœ! 
(ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืžืขื™ื” ืื•ืŸ ืึทื‘ื™ื’ื™ืœืŸ, ื ืึธืš ื–ื™ ืฉื‘ื ื ืื•ืŸ ืึทื‘ื˜ืœื™ื” ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ 
ื”ืึทืจืคืŸ, ื–ื™ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื ืงืก ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ืขื ืฉืžืึธืœืŸ ืืฒื™ื ื’ืึทื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ืคืึธื“ืขืจื’ืจื•ื ื˜) 
ื‘ืœื™ึทื™ื‘ื˜ ืึทืœืข, ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ื˜ ื™ืขืฆื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ! 
ืœืึธื–ื˜ ืžื™ืš ื“ืึธ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ, 
ืื™ืจ ืึทืœืข, ืื™ืจ - 
ืงืขื ื˜ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ... 
ืื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคื˜ ื ื™ื˜, ืœื™ื‘ืข, 
ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ ืžื™ืจ 
ื“ืึธ ืึธืคึผืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืžืขืจ... 
ืึธืš, ืึธื™ 
ืžื™ืจ ืคื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืš - 
ืขืก ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื’ืึทื ื’ 
ื“ื™ืจ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ... 
ื™ืึธ, ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ-- 
ืื™ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ, ืื™ ื‘ืึทื ื’... 
ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืขืจ ื•ื™ ืฆื• ืคื™ืจืŸ! 
ืžื™ืจ ืคื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜, ืžื™ืจ ืคืึทืจืคื™ืจืŸ... 
ื•ืขืจ ืขืก ืคื™ืจื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืœ - ื“ืขืจ ืคืึทืจืคื™ืจื˜ - 
ืคืึทืจืคืึทืœืŸ! 
ืžื™ืจ ืคื™ืจืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืคื™ืจื˜ืข ืึทืœืข... 
(ืงื•ืงื˜ ืœืึทื ื’ ืึธืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ื•ื™ืขืจ) 
"ื‘ื‘ืœ ืงื•ืฃ"!-- ื“ืึธืก ื–ืึธืœ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ! 
ืžืฒึทืŸ ื˜ื™ืจ! 
ื“ืึธ, ื“ืึธ, ืึทื”ืขืจ... 
ืงื•ืฃ -- ืงื•ืœื™ื”! 
ื“ืขืจ ื˜ื•ื™ืขืจ ื“ืึธ, ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ื›'ื“ืึทืจืฃ ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ - 
ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืึทืจืฑืก ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืžืขืจ... 
202 


ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ ื ื™ื˜ ืึธื ื–ืขืŸ ืžืขืจ ื“ื™ ืคืจืฒึทืข 
ื•ื•ืขืœื˜, 
ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”ืก ืœืึทื ื“... 
ืฉืžืขื™ื”, 
ืคืึทืจ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืึทืฐืขืงื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืคืึทืจ ืึท ื‘ืœื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืฐืึทื ื˜? 
ืคืึทืจ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ื•ื™ืขืจืŸ ืคืึทืจืžืึทื›ื˜? 
ืฉืžืขื™ื” (ืงื•ืงื˜ ืึธืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ื•ื™ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื™ื ื˜) 
ื“ื™ ื˜ื•ืขืจืŸ, ื“ื™ ืึทืœืข ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ืฒึทืข... 
ืขืจืฉื˜ ื’ืขืžืึทื›ื˜, 
ืขืจืฉื˜ ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜... 
ืื•ืกื’ืขื”ืึทืงื˜ ืขืจืฉื˜ ื”ื™ื™ื ื˜ ื“ืึท! 
ื–ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื–ืŸ ื‘ืขืช ืžืฒึทืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ"ื“ืึธ-- 
ื•ื™ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืึทื”ืขืจ? 
ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื’ ืฐืึธืก ืคื™ืจื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืœ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืš -- ื“ืข ืจ! (ืฐืฒึทื–ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืจืขื›ื˜ืก) 
ืงื•ืžื˜! ืงื•ืžื˜ ืึทืœืข ืื™ืจ! 
ืฐืึธืก ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ ืึทืœืข ื“ืึธ ื‘ืฒึท ืึท ืคืึทืจืžืึทื›ื˜ืขืจ ื˜ื™ืจ? 
ืื•ื‘ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื’ื™ื”ื ื•ื -- 
ืื™ื– ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืึธืคึผืขื ืขื ืฆื• ื‘ืจืขื ืขืŸ, 
ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืฐืึทืจื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืžืขืŸ ื‘ืึทืฐื™ืœื™ืงื˜ 
ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ ื“ื™ืš ืœืึธื–ืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜-- ืฐื•ึผ ืžืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืคืึทืจื˜ื™ืœื™ืงื˜... 
ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื™ื™ื“ ืžื™ืจ ืฐืึทืจื˜ืŸ ื“ืึธ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื˜ืขื’! 
ืฉืžืขื™ื” ืงื•ืžื˜ ืึทืœืข, ืงื•ืžื˜, ื“ืึธ ืื™ื– {ื“ืขืจ} ื•ื•ืขื’! 
ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื’ืกื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื’, 
ื“ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื˜ืขืจืกื˜ืขืจ-- 
ืžื™ืจ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืึท ืฆื™ื˜ืขืจ ื“ื•ืจืš, 
ืขืก ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื”ื™ื™ืก ืื•ืŸ ืงืึทืœื˜-- 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืš! (ืคืึทืจืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ืคืœื˜) 
ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืืฒื™ื–ืŸ: 
ืื™ืš ื“ืึทืจืฃ ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืขื’ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืœ ืืฒื™ืš ื‘ืึทืฐืฒึทื–ืŸ... 
ืงื•ืžื˜, ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื ืึธืš... 
ื“ื™ ื’ื•ืœื™ื (ืึท ื‘ืึทืฐื•ืขื’ื•ื ื’ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืจื™ืขืจืŸ) 
ืฉืจืืฆืจ (ื“ืขืจืฉืœื™ื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืจืขื›ื˜ืก, ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืŸ ืึทื ื˜ื‘ืœืฑื–ื˜ืขืจ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจื“) 
ื•ื• ืึทื”ื™ืŸ? ื”ืึทืœื˜! ื”ืึทืœื˜! 


203 


ืฉืžืขื™ื” 


ืฉืจืืฆืจ 


ืฉืžืขื™ื” 


ืฉืจืืฆืจ! 
ืึทืœื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื›ื˜ืขืจ ื‘ื‘ืœืก, ื‘ืขืœ-ืžืฆืจ! 

ื–ืึธื’ ืื•ื™ืก: 

ืื™ื–'ืก ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื’ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืœ? ื–ืึธื’! 

ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ืžื™ื˜ ื™ืึธืจืŸ, 

ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจืŸ ื˜ืึธื’, 

ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืงืœืขื›ืขืจ ืฉืขื”-- 

ื‘ื™ืš ืื™ืš ื“ืึธ 

ืึทืจืฒึทื ื’ืขืฉืœืขืคึผื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ 

ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืฉื•ื™ืก 

ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืฐืึทืœื“! ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืฐืึทืœื“! 

ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื”ื™ืœืฃ ื‘ื™ืŸ, ืคืึทืจ ืึท ื™ืึธืจืŸ, ืื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึธ ืึทืจืฑืก... 
ื”ืึทืœื˜! (ืงื•ืงื˜ ืื™ื ืคืึทืจื“ืขื›ื˜ื™ืง ืึธืŸ, ื“ืขืจืงืขื ื˜ ืื™ื) 

ืฉื˜ื™ื™! ืฉื˜ื™ื™! 

ืฉืฐืฒึทื™ื’... ื“ื•! ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืขืก, ืฉืžืขื™ื”! 

ื’ื™ื™! 

ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื’, ื“ืขืจ ืึทืœื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจ-- ืคึผืจื™ื™ืข! 
ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืึท ืคืจื™ื™ืขืจ, 

ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืœ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ! 

ื“ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ืขืจืŸ ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ืข ื ืฒื™ืข, 
ืคืึทืจ ืงื ืขื›ื˜, 

ื–ื™ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขืขืคื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืขื›ื˜... 


ืคืึทืจ ืงื ืขื›ื˜ 


ืึทืจืฒึทื ื’ืขื™ืึธื’ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืœ -- ื–ืึธืœ ื‘ื‘ืœ ื–ื™ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืขืŸ... 

(ื•ืžืึทื›ื˜} ืื™ื ืคืจื™ื™ ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืขื’- ) 

ื“ื• ืึทืœื™ื™ืŸ-- 

ื’ื™ื™ ืฐื•ึผ ื“ื• ื•ื•ื™ืœืกื˜... ืงืขื ืกื˜ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ! 

ืื™ ื“ื•, ืฐื™ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืขืจ ืึทืœื˜ืขื˜ืฉืงืขืจ, ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืคืึธื˜ืขืจ ืžืŸ-ื”ืกืชึผื, 
ื“ื™ ื‘ืจื™ื“ืขืจ ื“ืฒึทื™ื ืข ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข, ื–ื™ ืื•ื™ืš, ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื›ึผืœื”-- 

ืื™ืš ืœืึธื– ืื™ึทื™ืš ื“ื•ืจืš ืฆื•ื–ืึทื... 


ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื ื™ื™ืŸ! 


ืžื™ืจ ืฐื•ืขืœืŸ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืœืข... 
ืžื™ืจ ืฐืขืœืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืจืขื›ื˜-- 


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ืฉืจืืฆืจ 


ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ 


ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืœ 
ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืœื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” 


ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ 


ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืœื™ื˜ 


ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ 


ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ื‘ืœืก ื’ื•ื˜-ื–ืฒึทืŸ 

ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืึทื ื•ืฆืŸ-- 

ืžื™ืจ ื’ื™ื™ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ "ืงื ืขื›ื˜". 

ืžื™ืจ ืฐืขืœืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ ืึธืฐื•ื ื˜-ืฉืขื”, ืึท ืฉืึทืจืข 
ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ, ืžื™ื˜ ืฐืฒื™ื˜ืึธื’ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขืœืึธื“ืŸ, 
ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื ืึทื›ื˜ ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืœ... 

(ืจื•ืคื˜ ืื•ื™ืก, ืงื•ืงื ื“ื™ืง ืจืขื›ื˜ืก) 

ืžืึทื›ื˜ ืึท ืฐืึทืจืข! 

ื“ืขืจ ื ื‘ื™ื ืืฒึทืขืจืขืจ, ื“ืขืจ ื ื‘ื™ื! 

(ืœื™ื ืงืก, ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืกืฆืขื ืข ืจื•ืงืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ื˜ื™ืคืขืจ, ืฉืจื•ืžืคึผืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ื•ื•ื™ื ืงืœืขืฅ) 
(ืงื•ืžื˜ ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ ืืฒึทืœื™ืง, ื›ึผืžืขื˜ ืฐื•ื™ ืขืจ ืœื•ื™ืคื˜ ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ, ื•ื™ ืขืจ ืึทื ื˜ืœื•ืคื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขื“ื” ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืœ ืฐืึธืก ืงื•ืžื˜ ืื™ื 
ื ืึธืš) 

(ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ื ื ืึธืš) 

(ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื ืฒึท ืึธื ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขื ืขืจ ืขื“ื”, ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืฉ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ, ืึท ื–ืึทืง ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืคึผืœืฒื™ืฆืขืก) 
ืึธ, ื’ืึธื˜! 

ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜! ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜! 

ืึท ืฉืจืขืง! 

ืึทืฐืขืงื˜! ืึทืฐืขืงื˜! 

ืื™ืจ ื–ืึธืœื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืฐืขืจืŸ! 

ื ืขืžื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืืฒึทืš ื“ืขื ืคึผืœื™ื˜, 

ื ืขืžื˜, ื ืขืžื˜ ืื™ื ืžื™ื˜.- 

ืจ'ืื™ื– ืืฒึทื™ืš ื’ืขืคืึธืœืŸ, 

ืžื™ืจ ื ื™ื˜... 

ื ื™ื˜ ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืจืฒึทืขืŸ, 

ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืงืœืึธื’ืŸ: 

"ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜! ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜! 

ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื 

ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืœืึธื’ืŸ!" 

ืึธ, ื’ืึธื˜! 

ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืœื™ืงืข ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜, 

ืฆืขืฉื˜ืขืจื˜! 

ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘'ืก ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜! ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜! 

ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ืœ'ืก ื ื™ื˜ ื”ืขืจืŸ! 


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ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืœ 
ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ 


ื™ื—ื–. ืœ"ื’-- ื›"ื“ 


ื›"ื”) 


ื›"ื•) 


ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืงืœืึธื’ื˜... ืฐืึธืก ืงืœืึธื’ื˜ ืื™ืจ? 
ืื™ืจ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื ืึธืš ืคืึทืจืฆืึธื’ื˜ืข, 

ืื™ืจ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื ืึธืš ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืจื˜ืข, 
ืคืึทืจืื•ืžืขืจื˜ืข, 

ื–ืึธื’ื˜, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืืฒึทืš ืึท ืฉืึธื“? 

ืึธ ื”ื™ื™ืœื™ืงืข -- ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜! 

"ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜! ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜!" 

ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึท ืฉืึธื“ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ืื™ื™ืš-- 
ืื™ืš ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ ืืฒึทื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื ื™ื™ืŸ! 

ืขืก ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื˜ ื’ืึธื˜ ืืฒื™ืš, 

ื’ืึธื˜ ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืฆื• ืžื™ืจ: ื‘ืŸ-ืื“ื, 

ื“ื™ ื—ืจื•ื‘ืข ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืื™ื– ืึท ืฉืึธื“ ื–ื™ื™... 
ืฐื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ! ืฐืขืจื˜ืขืจ! 


ืึธื˜ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ื–ื™ื™, ื“ื™ ืื™ื™ื ื•ื•ื•ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื—ืจื•ื‘ืข, ืคื•ืŸ ืขืจื˜ืขืจ, 

ืื•ื™ืฃ ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ-ืขืจื“, ื–ื™ื™ ื“ืจืฉืขืŸ! ื“ืจืฉืขืŸ: 

"ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึทื‘ืจื”ื, ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืœืึทื ื“ ื’ืขื™ืจืฉื ื˜ 
ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ -- ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืžืขืจ! 

ืื•ื ื“ื– ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืขืจื“!" 


ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจ 

ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื’ืึธื˜ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™, ื“ืขืจ ื”ืึทืจ; 

ืื•ื™ืจ| ืขืกื˜ ื“ื™ ืœืึทื ืื•ื™ืฃ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื˜, 

ืื™ืจ ื˜ื•ื˜ 

ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืืฒึท'ืจืข ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš 

ืฆื• ื’ืขืฆืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืš 

ืื•ืŸ ืจ'ื™ื˜ื•ื˜ ื“ื™ ืขืจื“ ืžื™ื˜ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉื ื‘ืœื•ื˜ ื‘ืึทืคืึทืจื‘ืŸ -- 
ืื•ืŸ ืจ'ื•ื•ื™ืœื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืœืึทื ื“, ืื™ืจ, ืึทืจื‘ืŸ? 


ืื™ืจ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืืฒึทืขืจ ืฉืฐืขืจื“ ื–ื™ืš, 
ืžืขืจื“ืขืจ! 

ืื™ืจ ื˜ื•ื˜ ืึธืคึผ ื™ืขื“ืข ื’ืจื•ื™ืœ 

ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื˜ืœืขื›ืขืก ืคืึทืจื“ืึทืจื‘ืŸ 


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ื›"ื–) 


ื›"ื—) 


ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืœื™ื˜ 


ืื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืืฒึทืš ืคืึทืจืื•ืžืจื™ื™ื ื™ืงื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื—ื‘ืจืก ืคืจื•ื™-- 
ืื•ืŸ ืจ'ื•ื•ื™ืœื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืœืึทื ื“, ืื™ืจ, ืึทืจื‘ืŸ? 


ื“ื• ื–ืึธืœืกื˜ ืึทื–ืฑ ื–ื™ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ, 

ืึทื–ืฑ ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื’ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืขืจ: 

ื”ืขืจื˜! ื”ืขืจื˜! 

ืื•ื‘ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจืฉืœืึธื’ืŸ, 

ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืœืŸ 

ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจื“ 

ื“ื™ ืึทืœืข 

ืฐืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฐื™ืกื˜ืขื ื™ืฉ ื’ืขื–ืขืกืŸ? 
ื–ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื—ื™ื” ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืคืขืœื“ 
ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขื’ืขืกืŸ! 

ื“ื™ ืึทืœืข ืฐืึธืก ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทื”ืขืœื˜ 

ืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืœืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจืžื•ื™ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคืขืกื˜ - 
ื–ื™ื™ ืฐืขืœืŸ ืฉื˜ืึทืจื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืขืกื˜! 


ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ืคืึทืจื•ื™ืกื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืœืึทื ื“ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ืฆืขืฉื˜ืขืจ, 
ืื•ืŸ ืžืึทืš ื–ื™ ืฐื™ืกื˜! ื™ืึธ, ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ื–ื™ ืฐื™ืกื˜ ื’ืขืžืึทื›ื˜! 
ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– ืฆืขืฉื˜ืขืจื˜, 
ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ 
ืื™ืจ ืฉื˜ืึธืœืฆืข ืžืึทื›ื˜, 
ืื™ืจ ืคืจื™ื™-ื–ืฒื™ืŸ -- 
ื•ื•ื™ืกื˜ ื“ื™ ื‘ืขืจื’ ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœืก ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืœืึธื–ืŸ, 
ืก'ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื™ ื–ื™ื™, 
ืก'ืงื•ืžื˜ ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืึทื”ื™ืŸ... 
ืึท ืฐื•ื™ื ื˜! 
ื•ื™ ืก'ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืึท ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืึทืœืฅ ืึทืฐืขืงื’ืขื‘ืœืึธื–ืŸ. 
(ืฆื•ื ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’) 
ืงื•ืžื˜! ืงื•ืžื˜ ืึทื”ืขืจ... 
ืงื•ืžื˜ ื ืึธืš, ืงื•ืžื˜ ืžืขืจืขืจ ื ืึธืš, ืงื•ืžื˜ ืžืขืจ! 
ืงื•ืžื˜ ื˜ืจืฒึทืข ืฉืึธืฃ - 
ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึทืกื˜ืขืš ืฉื˜ืจืึธืคื˜! 
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ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืœ ืฉื˜ืจืึธืฃ! ืฉื˜ืจืึธืฃ! 
ืœืึธื– ื”ืขืจืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืฉื˜ืจืึธืฃ. 
ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืœื™ื˜ ื”ืขืจื˜! ื”ืขืจื˜! ื“ืขืจ ื ื‘ื™ื ืจืขื“ื˜. 
ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืœ ื ืจืขื“! 
ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืึท ื™ื™ื“ ืขืจ ืจืขื“ื˜ ื ื™ื˜, ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืขืจ ื’ืœืขื˜! 
ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืœ ืึธ ืจืขื“! 
ืึท ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื™ื™ื“ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืฐืึธืจื˜ ื•ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื”ืึทืง 
ื’ืขืคืึทืœืŸ-- ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืžืึทืง! 
ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืงืœืœื” ื”ืึทืจื˜-- 
ืื™ื– ืฆืึทืจื˜, 
ืึธ, ืฉื˜ืจืึธืฃ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื ืึธืš! 
ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ ืึธืšึฐื• ืึธืš! 
ืื™ืš ืงืขืŸ ืืฒื™ืš ื“ืึธืš! 
ืื™ืจ ืจืฒึทื‘ื˜ ืคืึทืจ ื ื—ืช ื–ื™ืš ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜, 


ืœ) ืื™ืจ ืฉืึทืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึทืจื•ื ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืฒึท ืึทืœืข ื•ื•ืขื ื˜.- 
ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืืฒึทื ื’ืขื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืฒึทื–ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื•ื, 
ืจื•ืคื˜ ืื™ืจ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืึทื ื“ืขืจืŸ: ืงื•ื! ืงื•ื! 
ืื•ืŸ ื”ืขืจื˜ ื’ืึธื˜ืก ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก, 
ืฐืึธืก ืจืฒึทืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื•ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื ื‘ื™ืืก ื–ื™ืš ืึทืจืฑืก... 


ืœ"ื) ืื™ืจ ื˜ื•ื˜ ื˜ืึธืŸ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึทืœืข ืื™ืจ 
ืฆื• ืžื™ืจ 
ื•ื™ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืจืฒื™ืข, 
ืื™ืจ ื”ืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืฒึทืŸ-- 
ืคื™ื™ืŸ! ืคืฒื™ืŸ! 
ืื•ืŸ ื–ืขื ื˜ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืžืฒึทื ืข ื ื™ื˜ ืžืงื™ื™ื! 
ืื•ืŸ ืืฒึทืขืจ ืจื™ื™ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื‘ืจืขืŸ - 
ืึธืš ืืฒึทืขืจ ืฆื•ื ื’, ืื™ืŸ ืžื•ื™ืœ-- 
ื•ื™ ืœื™ื‘ืœืขืš ืื•ืŸ ื•ื™ ืฐื•ื™ืœ! 
ื ืึธืจ ืืฒึทืขืจ ื”ืึทืจืฅ ืื™ืŸ ืืฒึทืš ืื™ื– ื’ืฒึทืฆื™ืง ืฐื™ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸื™:. 


ืœ"ื‘) ืึทื–ืฑ ืื™ืš ืื•ื™ืš - ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื ื‘ื™ื ืฐืึธืจ, 
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ืœ"ื’) 


ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืœ 
ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืคึผืœื™ื˜ 
ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ 


ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืึท ืœื™ื‘ืขืœื™ื“ ืื™ื™ืš ื’ืึธืจ! 

ืื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืงื•ืœ -- ืฉื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื ื’ืขื ื“ื™ืง, 

ืฉื™ื™ืŸ ืงืœื™ื ื’ืขื ื“ื™ืง, 

ืึท ืžื™ืœื“ืขืจ | 

ืฐืึธืก ืงืขืŸ ื’ืึธืจ ื’ื•ื˜ ืคึผืึทืจ ืืฒึทืš ืึท ื–ื™ื ื’ ื˜ืึธืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืึท ืฉืคึผื™ืœ ื˜ืึธืŸ. 
ืื™ืจ ื”ืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืžืฒึทื™ื ืข ืฆื• 

ืžื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจื’ืขื ื™ื’ืŸ, 

ืžืฒึทื ืข ืฐื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืฐืึธืก ื“ืึทืจืคืŸ ืจื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืืฒึทืขืจ ืจื•-- 

ื˜ื•ืขืŸ ืืฒึทืš ืคืึทืจื•ื•ื™ื’ืŸ... 

ืื™ืจ ื”ืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคึผืœืึทืžื™ืงืข, ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืžื™ื™ื ืข ืฆื• 
ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืฐืึทืจืขืžื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืฒึท ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืคึฟืฒึทืขืจ, 

ืื™ืจ ื”ืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืžืฒึทื™ื ืข ืฆื•-- 

ืื•ืŸ ื–ืขื ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ (ื ื™ื–ื˜ ืžืงื™ื™ื! 

ืื™ืจ |ื›ืึท|ืคึผื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸืŸ ืงืœื–ืœื” ื•ื™ ืึท ื‘ืึทืœื–ืึทืก ืื•ื™ืฃ, 

ืื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืš ืฆื• ืžื™ืจ ืึทืจืฑืฃ-- 

ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ืœื˜ ื”ืขืจืŸ ื ืึธืš! 


ืึธืš, ืึธืš 
ื“ืึธืก ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืง ืงื•ืžื˜, ืขืก ืงื•ืžื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืจืขืง -- 
ืึทืฐืขืงื˜! ืึทืฐืขืงื˜! (ื‘ืึทืคืึทืœื˜ื–ืฒืžื™ื˜ ืืฑืคึฟื’ื”ื•ื‘ืขื ืข ืคึฟื•ืกื˜ืŸ) 


(ืคืึทืจืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื“ืŸ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’) 
(ื“ืจื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’, ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฉื˜ืจืขืงื˜ืข ืคื•ื™ืกื˜ืŸ, ืขืจ ื“ืขืจื–ืขื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ื•ืœื™ื, ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜ ืคึผืึทืœืŸ - 
ืื™ื ืคืึทืจืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ืคืœื˜ ืึทืจืึธืคึผ, ืขืจ ื“ืขืจื ืขื ื˜ืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ ื’ื™ืš-ื’ื™ืš, ื‘ืœืฒื™ื‘ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืกืฆ{ืขื ื–ืข ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, ืงื•ืงื˜ ืึธื•ื–ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ื’ื•ืœื™ื, ื“ืจื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื, ืงื•ืงื˜ ืึธืŸ ืฉืจืืฆืจืŸ... ื•ื•ืขื ื“ื˜ ืึธืคึผ (ื“ืึธืก} ื’ืขื–ื™ื›ื˜, ืœืึธื–ื˜ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืึทืจืึธืคึผ ื•ื“ืขืืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ) 
ื‘ืŸ-ืึธื“ื! ' 

ื’ื™ ืึทืจืฑืก, ื“ื™ ื’ื•ืœื™ื ืžืฒึทื ืข, ื™ืขืฆื˜ ืึทื ื˜ืงืขื’ืŸ 

ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึทืœืข ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ, 

ืื•ืŸ ื–ืึธื’ ื–ื™ื™, ื–ืึธื’, ื‘ืŸืšืึธื“ื-- 

ืึทื–ืฑ ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื’ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืึทืจ; 

ืžื™ืจ ื–ืึธืœ ื–ืฒึทืŸ, ืึธ, ืžื™ืจ ื–ืึธืœ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืึทืจ ืืฒึทืขืจ ืฉืึธื“ืŸ, 

ืžื™ืจ ื–ืึธืœ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืึทืจ ืืฒึทืขืจ ืฆืขืจ! 

ื’ื™ ืงื•ืง ื–ื™ื™ ืึธืŸ! 


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ืฆื™ ืงืขื ืกื˜ื• ืขืคึผืขืก ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ ื˜ืึธืŸ? 
ื ืึธืจ ืงื•ืงืŸ, ืงื•ืงืŸ -- 

ืงื•ืง ืึธืŸ ื“ืขื ืขืœื ื˜, 

ืงื•ืง ืึธืŸ ื“ืขื ืฉืžืึทืจืฅ, 

ื“ืึธืก ื™ืชืžื•ืช! 

ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจื—ืชืž'ืขืก 

ืื™ืŸ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืื•ื™ื’, 

ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื–ืขืœืข, 

ื–ืึทืคึผื™ืก ืืฒื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฅ, 

ื‘ื™ื™ื’, ื‘ื™ื™ื’, ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืจื•ืงืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื’-- 

ืœืึธื“ ืึธืŸ ืขืก ืึทืœืฅ ื“ื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ืจื•ืงืŸ-- 

ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืจืึธื’'ืก ืึท ื–ืึทืง, 

ื’ื™ื™, ื’ึตื™ื™ 

ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึท ืฆืขื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื–ื™ื™, 

ืื•ืŸ ืขืก ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ืคืœื•ื ื’ ืึธืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฉืจืขืง, 
ืฉื˜ืขืง ืึทืจืฑืก, ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื•ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืฒึทื ืขื, ืฉื˜ืขืง, 
ืื•ืŸ ืœืขืง ื–ื™ื™, ืœืขืงืŸ,} 

ืึท ื˜ืจืขืจ ืึทืจืึธืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทืง, 

ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืฉื•ื•ื™ืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขืฉืฐืึธืœืขื ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืคื™ืก-- 

ืื•ืŸ ื–ืึธืœื™ืก ื“ื™ืจ ืฉืžืขืงืŸ ื–ื™ืก... 

ื ืขื ืึทืจื•ื ืึท ืงืจืขืฆื™ืงืŸ, ื‘ื™ื™ื’ ืืฒึทืŸ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ-- 
ืงื•ืฉ ืื•ื™ืก ืื™ื ื™ืขื“ืข ืฐื•ึผื ื“ 

ื“ื™ ืคึผืŸืึทืจื–ืฆืœื˜ืขืจื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ืื™ื, 
ื“ื™ ื™ืขืฆื˜ื™ืงืข, 

ืื•ืŸ ื ืึทืจ ืื™ื ืึธืคึผ, 

ื–ืึธื’ ืื™ื: ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜! 

ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœ ืฐืึธืก ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฉื˜ื•ื™ื’ืŸ 

ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืคืœื•ื™ื’ืŸ 

ืื™ื, ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœ 

ืึท ืžืขืฉื‚ื” ื–ื™ื™: ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื”ื™ื™ืœื˜! 

ื ืึทืจ ืึธืคึผื• ื ืึทืจ ืึธืคึผ... 

ื ืขื, ื‘ืŸ-ื‘ื•ื–ื™, 

ื ืขื ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืง ืฆึทืŸ ื–ื™ 


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ืึทื‘ื˜ืœื™ื” 


ืฉื‘ื ื 
ืงื•ืœื™ื” 
ืฉืžืขื™ื” 
ืงื•ืœื•ืช 
ืงื•ืœื™ื” 
ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ 


ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืœื™ื’ืŸ ื ืขื ืขืก, 
ืึท ืœื™ื’ืŸ ืื™ื– ืึท ืžืึธืœ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจืขืกื˜ืขืจ ืืžืช- 
ื ืขื ืขืก.., 
(ืขืจ ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ื˜ ืึท ืฐืฒึทืœืข ืฉื˜ืึทืจ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืคึผื ื™ื ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื’ื•ืœื™ื. ืจืฒึทืกื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคึผืœื•ืฆืœื™ื ื’ ืึทืจืฑืฃ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืจื™ืขืจืขืก, 
ืงืœืขื˜ืขืจื˜ ื’ื™ืš-ื’ื™ืš, ืฉืคึผืจื™ื ื’ื˜ ื“ืึธ, ืฐืึทืจืคื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืึธืจื˜, ื ืขืžื˜ ืึทืจื•ื ื”ืขืœื“ื–ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ื•ืœื™ืืŸ,} ื’ืจืึธื‘ื˜ ืืฒึทืŸ, 
ืžืึธืžืขื ื˜ื ืฐืฒึทื– ื“ืขื ืงืึธืคึผ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื”ืขืจืฆืขืจ. ืงื•ืงื˜ ืึท ืกื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ, ื‘ื™ื™ื’ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืขืœืึทืกื˜ื™ืฉ ืฆื• ืึท ื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืงืขืจ 
ื‘ืึทืจื™ืขืจืข, ื“ื™ ืคื™ืก ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธืคึผ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื”ืึทืœื“ื– ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฉื˜ืจืขืงื˜ ืฆื• ืึท ืคืึทืจืื•ืžืขืจื˜ืŸ ื™ื™ึธื“, ืฉืœืขื ื’ืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืึทืœื“ 
ื”ืขื›ืขืจ, ืคืึทืจืฉื•ื•ืฑื™ื ื“ื–ื˜ ื˜ื™ืฃ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื’ื•ืœื™ื, ื‘ืึทืฐืฒึทื–ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ืขืจื’ืขืฅ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ, {ืงืœืขื˜ืขืจื˜ืŸ ื’ื™ืš-ื’ื™ืš ืึทืจืึธืคึผ) 
(ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื•ื™ ืึทืœืข ื“ื™ ื’ืึทื ืฆืข ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืคืึทืจื‘ืœื™ืคื˜ ืฆื•ื”ืขืจื ื“ื™ืง ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ืงื•ืงื ื“ื™ืง ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœืŸ) 
ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ! ื•ื•ืึท! 
ืฐืึท! ืฐื•ืึท! 
ื”ืึท? (ืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืึธืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ืขืจืŸ) 
ื™ืึธ ืขืจ, ื‘ืŸ-ื‘ื•ื–ื™. 
ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ! ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ! 
ืฐื•ื•ึผ ื–ื™ืขืจ? ืฐื•ึผ ื–ื™ืขืจ? 
(ืงืฒึทืงืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึทืจืึธืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืœืขืฆื˜ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืจื™ืขืจืข, ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืœื™ืง ืคึผืึทืœื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึทื‘ื˜ืœื™ื”ืŸ, ืœื•ื™ืคื˜ ืฆื• ืื™ื ืฆื•, 
ื›ืึทืคึผื˜ ืื™ื ืึธืŸ ืคืึทืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื”ืึทื ื˜, ืจืฒึทืกื˜ ืื™ื ืึทืฐืขืง ืื™ืŸ ืฆืขื ื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืกืฆืขื ืข, ืงื•ืงื˜ ืื™ื, ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ 
ืคึผืœืฒืฆืข ืฆื•ื ืฆื•ืฉื•ื™ืขืจ, ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ, ืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ืื™ื ื“ืขื ืงืึธืคึผ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืึทืงื˜ืœ, ืœืึธื–ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึทืจืึธืคึผ ืื™ื ืฆื•ึน ื“ื™ ืคื™ืก, ื“ืึธืก 
ืคึผื ึดื™ื ืืฒึทื ื’ืขื’ืจืึธื‘ืŸ ื˜ื™ืฃ, ื›ืึทืคึผื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืŸ ืงื ื™ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ืึทื‘ื˜ืœื™ื”ื ืึธืจืขื, ื‘ืึทืฉืžืขืงื˜ ืื™ื ื“ื™ ืงืœื™ื™ื“ืขืจ, ื ืขืžื˜ ืื™ื ื“ื™ 
ื”ืึทืจืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืึทื ื˜, ื‘ืึทืฉืžืขืงื˜ ื“ื™ ื”ืึทืจืฃ. ืขืจ ืคืึทืœื˜ ืคึผืœื•ืฆืœื•ื ื’ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืคึผื ื™ื ืฆื•ื ืฆื•ืฉื•ื™ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ื˜ ืึท ืœืขื ื’ืขืจืŸ 
ืžืึธืžืขื ื˜ ืึทื–ืฑ ืœื™ื’ืŸ ื•ื™ ืึท ื‘ืขืจื’ืœ ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ืงืขืจื˜, ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ืงืึธืคึผ, ืงื•ืงื˜ ืึท ืฐืฒึทืœืข ืฐืฒึทื˜-ืฐืฒึทื˜) 
ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืคืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืœืึธื˜ืข, 
ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืžืœ! 
ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช-ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ, ืื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ื™ืจ ืึทืจืฒึทื ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธื˜ืŸ, 
ืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื›ืœ ื’ืึธื˜ืก... ื‘ืึทืงืึทื ื˜ืข ืคึผื ื™ืžืขืจ, 
ื‘ืึทืงืึทื ื˜ืข ืฉื˜ื™ืžืขืŸ... 
ืึธ, ืื™ืš ื“ืขืจืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื“ืึธืš! 
ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืึทืœืข ื–ื™ ื“ืขืจื‘ืœื™ืงื˜ 
ื–ืึธื’, ืžืขื ื˜ืฉื ืงื™ื ื“. ืฆื™ ืื™ื– ืขืก ืฐืึธืจ? 
ืฆื™ ืื™ื–'ืก ืึท ื—ืœื•ื ื’ืึธืจ? 
ื‘ืึทืœื“ ื›ืึทืคึผ ืื™ืš ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจื’ืขืก! 
ืื™ืš ื–ืข'ืก ืื™ืš ื–ืข'ืก 
ื“ืึธืก ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ื’ืœื™ืง! 

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ืงื•ืœื•ืช 


ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ 


ืงื•ืœื•ืช 
ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ 


ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื“ืขืจื‘ืœื™ืงื˜ ืขืก! 

ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช-'ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ 

ืฐืึธืก ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ -- 

ืื™ืš ื”ืขืจ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื–ื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื•ื™ื™ึดื, 

ืื™ืš ืงื•ืง ื–ื™ืš ืืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ื’ืขื–ื™ื›ื˜ืขืจ-- 

ืื™ืš ื–ืข ืื•ื™ืš ื“ื™ืš ื“ืึธืจื˜-- 

(ืคื•ืŸ ืจืขื›ื˜ืก ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ื ืงืก) 

ืึทื‘ื˜ืœื™ื”! ืึทื‘ื˜ืœื™ื”! 

(ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืจ'ืขืจื“) 

ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ื ืขื›ื˜ืŸ ื ืึธืš ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜, ื ืึธืš ื”ืึทืœื‘ืขืจ ื ืึทื›ื˜: 
ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ืฐืขืกื˜ื• ืงื•ืžืขืŸ! 

ื‘ืขืกืขืจืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืขื‘ืจืึทื›ื˜, 
ื‘ืขืกืขืจืข ืึท ืกืš 

ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ, 

ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืขืจื’ืขืจืข ืึท ืกืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ืจ ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ -- 
ืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืงืœื™ื‘ืŸ! 

ืึท ื’ื•ื˜ืŸ ืฆื™ ืึท ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ืŸ -- 

ื“ื™ ืขืจื’ืกื˜ืข ืืฒึทืขืจืข- ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืš 

ื“ื™ ื‘ืขืกื˜ืข ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืฐืขืœื˜! 

ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื ืึทื›ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคึผืึธืจื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ 
ืึทื–ืฑ ื“ื™ืš -- 

ื ืขื›ื˜ืŸ! 

ื™ืขืฆื˜ ื–ืข ืื™ืš ื“ื™ืš ื“ืึธ ืฐื™ื“ืขืจ! 

ื ืขื ืึธืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื”ืึทื ื˜ - ืื™ืš ืฆื™ื˜ืขืจ, 

ื–ืข, ื–ืข, -- ืื™ืš ืฉื•ื™ื“ืขืจ... (ืงื•ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื”ื™ื™ืžืขื ื™ืฉืคื•ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื ืืฒึทืŸ) 
ื˜ืœ -- ื˜ื•ื™, ืฐื™ ื˜ื•ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืึธื˜ ืคืึทืœ, ื˜ึตืœื™ื”! 
ืึทื‘ื˜ืœื™ื”! 

ืึทื‘ื˜ืœื™ื”! ืึทื‘ื˜ืœื™ื”! 

ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ืœืฐื•ื™ ืื•ืŸ ื•ืขืกื˜ ืขืก ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ืŸ -- 
ืžืขืŸ ืžืขื’ ืคืึทืจื˜ืจืฒื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ืš, ืžืขืŸ ืžืขื’ ืคืึทืจื˜ืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ -- 
ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืึท ื–ื™ื ื’ืขืจ! 

ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ืึท ื”ืึทืจืฅ ืื™ืŸ ืฉืคึผื™ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืคื™ื ื’ืขืจ, 
ื”ืขืจืฆืขืจ ืฆืขืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื’ืœื™ึดืขืŸ -- 


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ืึทื‘ื˜ืœื™ื” 


ืงืœืึทืคึผ ืึธืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื˜ืจื•ื ืขืก 

ื‘ืึทื’ื™ืก ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™-- 

ืื•ืŸ ืก'ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืœ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ (ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ) 
ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ื›ึผื”ืŸ-ืฆื“ืง-- 

ื™ืขืฆื˜ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ื›'ืก ื ื™ืฉ'... 

ืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืึทืจื˜ืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืš, ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ื™ื“ื™ืง 

ืื™ื– ืžืฒึทืŸ ื˜ื™ืฉ... 

ืžืฒึทืŸ ืžื–ื‘ื— ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืึทืจื’ืขืกืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืึท ืคื•ื ืง, 

ื“ื™ ืึทืฉ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ื ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืงื˜ื•ืจืช -- ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฐื™ืฉื˜, 
ืขืก ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืจื•ืฑื™ื›ืœ... 

ืื•ืŸ ื“ื•-- ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืึท ืœื•ื•ื™ ื™ื•ื ื’, 

ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืœื™ื“ ืื™ื– ืคืจื™ืฉ-- | 

ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืื™ึทื™ืš ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธ ืคืึทืจืฉืžืขืงื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ื›ืœ! 
ื–ื™ื ื’ ืึทื‘ื˜ืœื™ื” ืžื™ืจ, ืึธ ื–ื™ื ื’ ืžื™ืจ ื™ืขืฆื˜ ืึท! 

ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ 

ื“ืึธืก ืœืขืฆื˜ืข-- 

ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ืžืก ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ืœื™ื“ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืจ'ืขืจื“-- 

ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื ืึธืš ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜... 

ืฐืึทืจื˜, ื–ื™ื ื’ ื ืึธืš ื ื™ื˜-- 

ื“ื• ื–ืขืกื˜: ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืคึผื ืขืงืขืจื˜, 

ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืขืžืึทื›ื˜-- 

ืื™ืš ื˜ืึธืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ืจ ื‘ืฉืขืช ื“ื• ื–ื™ื ื’ืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื•ืงืŸ 
ืื™ืš ืงืขืŸ ื“ื™ืš ื ืึธืš ืคืึทืจืฆื•ืงืŸ, 

ืื™ืš ืงืขืŸ... 

ืื™ืš ืงืขืŸ ื“ื™ืš ื ืึธืš ืคืึทืจืฆืขืจืŸ! 

ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ืœ ื‘ืขืชืŸ ื–ื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ื“ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืขืŸ, 

ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ืœ ื“ื™ืš ื”ืขืจืŸ-- 

ื–ื™ื ื’! 

ื“ื• ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ -- 

ื“ื• ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜, ื‘ืŸ-ื‘ื•ื–ื™, 

ืื•ืŸ ืึทื– ื“ื• ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜-- ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื’ืึธื˜ ืžื™ืจ... ื›'ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก! 
ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ ืžื•ื–ืŸ... 

ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืจื™ื ื’... 


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ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ 


ืฉืจืืฆืจ 


ืึทื‘ื˜ืœื™ื” 


ืขืก ืื™ื– ืžื™ืจ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ- 
ืขืก ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืึท ื’ื•ื™ ื“ืึธ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’-- (ืฐืฒึทื–ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืฉืจืืฆืจืŸ) 
ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ื™ื“ ื’ืขืจื•ื™ื‘ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–, ื–ืึธืœ ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืขืจ... 


| (ืฆื• ืฉืจืืฆืจืŸ) 


ืึทืฐืขืง! 

ืื™ืš ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืคืึธืœื’ืŸ ื“ื™ืจ, ื‘ืŸ-ื‘ื•ื–ื™, 

ืื™ืš ืžื•ื– ืขืก ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ื›'ืžื•ื– ืขืก... 

ืก'ืื™ื– ืึท ื‘ืึทืคืขืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื ื‘ื•ื›ื“ื ืืฆืจืŸ ืึทืœืฒืŸ; 

ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื™ืึธ ื ื™ื˜ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื ื™ื™ืŸ 

ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื™ืึธ - 

ื“ื• ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ 

ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึธ-- 

ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ! ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ! 

ืก'ืื™ื– ืึท ื‘ืึทืคืขืœ! (ืฉืจืืฆืจ ืคืึทืจืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื“ื˜ ืจืขื›ื˜ืก) 

(ืงืœืึทืคึผื˜ ื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืจื™ืง ืึธืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื˜ืจื•ื ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฃ) 

ืฉืคึผื™ืœ ืื•ื™ืก ืžืฒึทื™ืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฃ, ืฉืคึผื™ืœ ืื•ื™ืก ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจื‘ืึธืจื’ 
ื“ืึธืก ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืง ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื“ื™ ื–ืึธืจื’-- 

ื“ืขืจ ื ื‘ื™ื ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืึทืคืฑืœืŸ! 

ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจื”ื•ื™ืœืŸ 

ื”ืึธืกื˜ื• ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ื“ืฒึทื ืข ืคืจื™ื™ื“ืŸ, 

ื ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ึทื™ื ืข ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ื’ืœื™ืงืŸ -- (ืฐืฒึทื–ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื’ื•ืœื™ื) 

ืึธื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™, ื“ื™ ืœืขื‘ืขื“ื™ืงืข ืขื“ื•ืช... 

ื“ื• ื–ืึธืœืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืฒึทื ืข ืœื™ื™ื“ืŸ 

ื™ืขืฆื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจืฉื˜ื™ืงืŸ, 

ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจื”ื•ื™ืœืŸ! 

ื–ื™ื ื’ ืฉืจืขืงืŸ ืื•ื™ืก, ื–ื™ื ื’ ื’ืจื•ื™ืœืŸ! (ืงืœืึทืคึผื˜ ืื•ืžืขื˜ื™ืง ืึธืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื˜ืจื•ื ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฃ) 
ืฉืฐืึทืจืฅ ืึท ืฉืœื™ื™ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ-- 

ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ื ืึทื›ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืฉื˜ื•ื ืึทืจืึธืคึผ, 

ืึท ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจืข, ืึท ืฉื˜ื•ืžืข ื ืึทื›ื˜! 

ืฆื™ ืื™ื– ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื“ืึธ ื ืึธืš? ืฆื™ ืื™ื– ื–ื™ ืื•ืžื’ืขื‘ืจืึทื›ื˜? 
ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ืžืก ื•ื•ืขื›ื˜ืขืจ- ืฆื™ ืฉืœืึธืคึผื˜ ืขืจ? ืฆื™ ืขืจ ืฐืึทื›ื˜ืŸ?ืŸ 
ื–ืึธื’, ื•ื•ืขื›ื˜ืขืจ, ืขืคึผืขืก ืฐืึธืก, ื–ืึธื’ ืื•ื™ืก, 

ื–ืึธื’ ืขืคึผืขืก ืฐืึธืก ืื•ื ื“ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื ืึทื›ื˜ ืึทืจืฑืก... 


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ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ 


ืึทื‘ื˜ืœื™ื” 


ื–ืึธื’ ืขืคึผืขืก ืฐืึธืก ืื•ื ื“ื–, ื–ืึธื’-- 

ืื™ืš ืฉื˜ื™ื™... ืื™ืš ืฐืึทื ืจื˜ืŸ 

" -- ื•ื•ึดื™ื™! ืฐื•ื™ื™! 

ืก'ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื˜ืึธื’!" 

ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื˜ืึธื’, 

ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืง ื’ืจื•ื™ืก, 

ืื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก, ืึทืš ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื“ื™ ืงืœืึธื’ 

ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึทืจื˜ 

ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขื“ืขืงื˜ ืก'ื’ืขื–ื™ื›ื˜ -- 

ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื™ืžืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึท ืฉืคึผืึทืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื›ื˜... 

ืื•ืŸ ืึทื– ืก'ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ 

ืื•ืŸ ื›'ื‘ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืึทื”ืขืœื˜ืขื ื™ืฉ ืึทืจืฑืก-- 

ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืึธืš ื“ืขืจ ืจื•ื™ืš 

ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช-ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืš, 

ืื•ืŸ ืืฒึทื ื’ืขื’ืขืกืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืžืœ ื˜ื™ืคืขืจ, . 

ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ-ื‘ืึทืจื’ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ืฆื• ืฉื˜ื™ืงืŸ, 
ื“ืึธืก ื‘ืœื•ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึทืกืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืึธืš ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจื’ืœื™ื•ื•ืขืจื˜, 
ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื˜ืจื™ืงื ื˜, 

ื“ืขืจ ืฉื‚ื•ื ื ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื™ืึธื’ื˜-- 

ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื˜ืึธื’! 

(ื‘ืจืขื›ื˜ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜, ืคืึทืจืฐืึทืจืคื˜ ืคืึทืจืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ืคืœื˜ ื“ืขื ืงืึธืคึผ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืจืขื›ื˜ืก ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ื ืงืก) 
ื ืึธืš! ื ืึธืš! ื–ื™ื ื’ ื ืึธืš -- 

ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ื‘ืจืึธืš! 

ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ 

ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ื–ืจื—-ื–ืฒึทื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขืจื•ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš-- 
ืฆื• ืฐืึธืก? ืฆื• ื•ื•ืขืŸ? 

ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืึธื ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื -- ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ, 
ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืื™ื– ื’ืขืœืขื’ืŸ ืึท ืคืึทืจืฆื•ืงื˜ืข... 

ืขืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืึทืกืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื”ืจื’ืขื˜ืข ื’ืขืฐืึทืœื’ืขืจื˜, 
ื™ื•ื ื’ืข, ืึทืœื˜ืข, 


ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฉื•ื•ืขื‘ื˜ ืึท ืฉื˜ื•ืžืข ืฉืจืขืง, 


ืฐืึธืก ืฉืจืขืงืœืขื›ืขืจ ืขืก ืื™ื–: ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืงืœืึธื’... 
ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื˜ืึธื’! 


215 


ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ 


ืึทื‘ื˜ืœื™ื” 


ืฆื• ืฐืึธืก? ืฆื• ื•ื•ืขืŸ? 
ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืึธื ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจืงืขื ื˜, 
ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจืงืขื ื˜ ื–ื™-- 
ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืื™ื– ื’ืขืœืขื’ืŸ ืึท ืคืึทืจืœืขื ื“ื˜ืข-- 
ืื•ืŸ ืคืจื•ื™ืขืŸ ืฆืึทืจื˜ 
ืžื™ื˜ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืึธืจืขืžืก ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื•ื™ืš ื’ืขืฉืขื ื“ื˜ืข, 
ื“ืขืจืฉื˜ื™ืงื˜ืข ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ืึทืจื˜, 
ืื•ืŸ ืžืึทื ื›ืข ื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ื ืึธืš ืื™ืŸ ื’ื•ืก'ืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขืจื™ืกืขื ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืฒึทื–ืขืจ ื”ืึทืœื‘ ืคืึทืจื‘ืจืขื ื˜ืข 
ืื•ืŸ ื˜ื™ืจืŸ ืึธืคืŸ-- 
ืื•ืŸ ืžืฉื•ื’ืขื™ื ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ืึทืœื“ ืžื™ื˜ ืงืฐื™ื˜ืฉืขืจืฒึทืขืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืึทืจืฑืกื’ืขืœืึธืคืŸ -- 
ืก'ืื™ื– ืื™ื ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืง ืฉืจืขืงืœืขื›ืขืจ ืฐื™ ื“ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ 
ืžืฉื•ื’ืขื™ื ื•ื•ื™ืœืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ... 
ื–ื™ ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ ืึทืจืฑืก, ื–ื™ื™ ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ- 
ืžืฉื•ื’ืขื™ื ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืึธืจื˜ ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ื’ื™ื™ืขืŸ ื ืึธืš ืึท ืžืึธืœ ืึทืจืึธืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื ืขืŸ... 
ื–ื™ื ื’ ื ืึธืš! ื–ื™ื ื’ ื ืึธืš! 
ื›'ื•ื•ื™ืœ ื”ืขืจืŸ ื ืึธืš! 
ืึธืš, ืึธืš 
ืขืก ืื™ื– ืžื™ืจ ืึทืœืฅ ื ืึธืš ืงื ืึทืคึผ... 
(ืขืจ ืจืฒึทืกื˜ ืึทื‘ื˜ืœื™ื”ืก ื”ืึทื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ื–ื™ ืื™ื ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฆืŸ). 
ื˜ืึทืคึผ, ื˜ืึทืคึผ-- 
ืก'ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ืึทืŸ ืึธืจื˜ ืคืึทืจืึทืŸ ื“ืึธ ื•ื™ ื“ื• ื–ืขืกื˜ 
ืคืึทืจ ืึท ื’ืขืฉื•ื•ื™ืจ-- 
ืึธื“ึดื™ ืึธืš' 
ืขืก ืคึผื™ืคึผืกืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื“ื™ ืฐืฒื™ื˜ืึธื’ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ืจ 
ื•ื™ ืคื™ื™ื’ืขืœืขืš ืื™ืŸ ื ืขืกื˜ - 
ื ืึธืšื™ ื ืึธืšื™ 
ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื–ื™ื˜ืึธื’ -- 
ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš -- ืึท ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ... 
ื•ื•ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜? 

216 


ื•ื•ืขืจ ืงืœืึธื’ื˜? 

ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ืš, ืึธ ื ื™ื™ืŸ... 
ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืื™ืš ื‘ืึทื“ืึทืจืฃ, 
ืื™ืš ื“ืึทืจืฃ ืึท ื˜ืจืขืจ, 
ืึท ื˜ืจืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืžืขืจ... 
ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก ื ื™ื˜, ื ื™ื™ืŸ -- (ืขืจ ืœืึธื–ื˜ ืึทืจื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜) 
ืขืก ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ื“ื™ ื”ืึทืจืฃ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึทืœืฒืŸ... 

ื–ืขื˜ ืึทืœืข, ื–ืขื˜: 

ื ื™ื˜ ืžืฒึทื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ืŸ, 
ื ื™ื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืขื˜-- 
ืขืก ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ื“ื™ ื”ืึทืจืฃ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึทืœื™ืŸ... 


ืก'ืื™ื– ื˜ืึธื’ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ, 
ืึธ, ื”ื™ืžืœืขืŸ ืงืœืึธืจืข, 
ืืฑื™ืคื’ืขืคึผืจืึทืœื˜ืข. 
ืึธ ื–ืึธื’ื˜, ืฆื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืจ 
ืžื™ื˜ ืืฒึทืขืจ ื’ืึธื˜ ืื™ืจ 
ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ 
ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ 
ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“ ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืขืจื˜? 
ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืงืึทืœื˜ืข 
ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ? 
ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ ื ืึธืš! ื ืึธืš! 
ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื’ืขืžืึทื›ื˜ ืึท ืœืึธืš-- 
ืื™ืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฆืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืึท ืœืึธืš-- 
ื–ื™ื ื’ ื ืึธืš! 
ืึทื‘ื˜ืœื™ื” ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืŸ, ืžืฒึทืŸ ืคืึธืœืง, 
ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืึธื˜ ืคืึทืจืคืึธืœื’ื˜, 
ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื ื•ื•ื™ืœื“ ื’ืขื™ืึธื’ื˜ 
ื ื™ื˜ ืงืœืึธื’, ื ื™ื˜ ืงืœืึธื’! 
ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื–ืŸ ืฉื‚ื•ื ืืก ืฉืคึผืึธื˜ 


217 


ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ 


ืึทื‘ื˜ืœื™ื” 


ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืœืึทื ื’ืขื‘ืจืขื ื˜, 
ื’ืขื‘ืจืขื ื˜, ื’ืขืฉืขื ื“ื˜ -- (ืฆื•ืึทืœืขืžืขืŸ ืึทืจื•ื) 
ืึธ, ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจื‘ืจืขื›ื˜ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜, 
ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜, ืึธ, ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจื“ืขืงื˜ 
ื“ืึธืก ืคึผื ื™ื ืืฒึทืขืจ ื‘ืœืึทืก, 
ื–ืึธืœืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื’ืึทืก 
ืื•ืŸ ื–ืึทืžื“ืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’. 
ื–ื™ื ื’ ื ืึธืš! ื–ื™ื ื’ ื ืึธืš! 
ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึทืจืึธืคึผื’ืขืฐืึธืจืคืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืึท ื™ืึธืš-- 
ื’ืึธื˜ืก ืฐืึธืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขื“ืึทื ืง, 
ืื•ืŸ ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืึท ื™ืึธืš ืึท ื’ืจืขืกืขืจืŸ, ืึท ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืขืจืŸ ืึท ืกืš 
ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ื™ืš ืึทืจื•ืคื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ -- ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขื–ืึทื ื’, 
ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืจืœื™ื“... 
ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื‘ืึทืคืจืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึทืจืง, 
ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ ืึท ืœืึทืกื˜ ืึท ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืขืจืข ืึทืจื•ืคื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืžืฒึทื™ืŸ ืงืึทืจืง- 
ืึทืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืงืœืขื›ืŸ ื™ื™ึทื“! 
ื–ื™ื ื’ ื ืึธืš-- 
...ืึธ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ื ื™ื˜, ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ื ื™ื˜, ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ! 
ื•ื•'ืื™ืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืขืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ ื”ืขืจืŸ -- 
ื–ืึธืœืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ 
ืื•ื™ืฃ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ืžืก ื’ืึทืกืŸ, 
ื–ืึธืœ ื“ืขืจ ื™ืจื“ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ, 
ื–ืึธืœ ืขืจ ื’ื™ืกืŸ ื˜ืจืขืจืŸ 
ืึทื ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ืฐืึทืกืขืจ... 
ื–ืึธืœ ื“ืขืจ ื—ืจืžื•ืŸ-ื”ื•ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืงืขื ืขืŸ 
ื“ืึธืก ืึทืœืฅ ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ -- 
ืื•ืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ืงืœืึธื’ืŸ! 
ืึทืœืข ื‘ืขืจื’ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”ืก, ืฐื•ื•ึผ ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ 
ื–ืึธืœืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคืึทืจื’ื™ื™ืŸ 
ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ืŸ... 
ื“ืขืจ ืฉืจื•ืŸ-ื˜ืึธืœ 
ื–ืึธืœ ืื•ื™ืคื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืึท ืงื•ืœ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืึธืžืขืจ, 
18 


ื“ืขืจ ืฉื™ืช ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉืžื™ืจ 

ืื•ื™ืฃ ืคืขืœื“ืขืจ ืฐื™ืกื˜ืข! 

ื–ืึธืœืŸ ื–ื™ื™, ื“ื™ ืคึผืึทืœืฉืข 

ื“ื™ ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื ื’ื™ืกืŸ 

ื˜ืจืขืจืŸ ื‘ื™ื˜ืขืจืข, ื•ื™ ื’ืึทืœ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ, 
ืึทื ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ื–ื™ืกืข 

ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืฐืึธืจืข... 

ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”ืก ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ื”ืึทืจืŸ 

ืฐืึธืก ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืฆืจื” 

ื”ืึธื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืึทืจืŸ, 
ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืฐืฒื™ื˜ืึธื’ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืŸืฉืŸืคึผื™ืจื˜-- 
ื–ืึธืœืŸ ื–ื™ ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืขืจ 
ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ! | 

ื–ืึธืœืŸ ืคึผืึทืกื˜ืขื›ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคื™ื˜ืขืจืขืจ 
ืžื™ื˜ ื˜ืจืขืจืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ื‘ื™ื˜ืขืจืข, 

ืึทืœืข ื“ื™ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืคืึทืจืคื™ืจื˜ 
ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืกื˜... 


ื“ื• ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ืคืึธืœืง ื“ื• ืžืฒึทืŸ, 
ื•ื•ึผ ื ืึธืจ ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ -- 

ื“ื• ื”ืึทืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืฒื™ืŸ... 

ื“ื• ื’ื™ืก ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืก 

ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืง ื’ืจื•ื™ืก, 
ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืง ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ 
ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื–ื•ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืึท ื˜ืจืขืจ... 
ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจืงื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืคึผืฒึทืŸ, 
ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ืฉืžืึทืจืฅ 

ืคื•ืŸ ื—ืจื•ื‘ ื–ืฒึทืŸ, 

ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืึทืจืฐืึธื’ืœื˜-- 
ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืงืœืึธื’ืœื™ื“.., 


ื–ืึธืœ ื–ืฒึทื™ืŸ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฅ 
ื•ื™ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทืœื˜ - ืึท ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ! 
219 


ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ 


ืึทื‘ื˜ืœื™ื” 
ืฉื‘ื ื 


ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ 
ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื™ื™ื“ 
ื“ื™ ื’ื•ืœื™ื 


ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื™ื™ื“ 
ื“ื™ ื’ื•ืœื™ื 
ืฉืžืขื™ื” 


ืึทื‘ื˜ืœื™ื” 
ืงื•ืœื™ื” 


ืฉืžืขื™ื” 


ืงื•ืœื™ื” 
ืฉื‘ื ื 
ืึทื‘ื˜ืœื™ื” 
ืฉืžืขื™ื” 


ืึท ืคืขืœื“ื–ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ! 

ื–ืขื˜ - ื–ืขื˜: 

ื ื™ื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืขื˜, 

ื ื™ื˜ ืžืฒึทื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ืŸ -- 

ืขืก ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฃ, ืžืฒึทืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฃ-- 

ื–ืขื˜, ื–ืขืฆื˜-- 

ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึทืœื™ืŸ... (ื“ื™ ื”ืึทืจึฐืฃ ืฉืคึผื™ืœื˜ ื ืึธืš ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืึทืงืึธืจื“ืŸ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึทืœืฒืŸ, ืœืขื ื’ืขืจืข ืคึผืฑื–ืข) 


(ืคืึทืœื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืึทื ืฆืขืจ ืœืึธืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืงืขืจืคึผืขืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื”ื™ื ื˜ืŸ) 
(ื›ืึทืคึผืŸ ืื™ื ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ, ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืื™ื ืคืึธืจื–ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืึทืจืึธืคึผ) 


(ื“ืขืจ ืงืขืจืคึผืขืจ ืฆื™ื˜ืขืจื˜ ืื™ื ื’ืึทื ืฅ, ื“ืึธืก ื’ืขื–ื™ื›ื˜ ืขืคึผืขืก ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืงืขื’ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขื ืฆื•ืฉื•ื™ืขืจ) 
ื“ื™ ืคืึทืœื™ืงืข! ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืœื™ืงืข! 
(ืคื•ืŸ ืจืขื›ื˜ืก ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ื ืงืก) 
ืึธ! ืึท! 
ืก'ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืœื™ืงืข! 
ืก'ืื™ื– ื™ืึธ! ืก'ืื™ื– ื™ืึท! 
ืก'ืื™ื– ื˜ืึทืงืข ื™ืึธ! 
ื ืึธืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืฒึท ืึทืœืขืžืขืŸ 
ืื™ื– ื–ื™ ืึทืŸ ืขื’ืึทืœื™ืงืข... 
ืขืจ ืฆื™ื˜ืขืจื˜ ื’ืึทื ืฅ, ืขืจ ืฆื™ื˜ืขืจื˜! 
ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื˜ืขืจื˜-- 
ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ืฆืขืจ, ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืกื’ืขื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ, ื’ืจื•ื™ืก... 
ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืฉื˜ืึทืจืง, ืฉื˜ืึทืจืงืขืจ ื•ื™ ืžื™ืจ ืึทืœืข, 
ืขืจ ื”ืึทืœื˜ ืขืก ืื•ื™ืก! 
ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืคืึทืœืŸ... 
ืจ'ืื™ื– ืืฒึทื ื’ืขืฉืœืึธืคืŸ -- 
ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืš ืื™ื ืึธืคืŸ... 
ื–ื™ื™ ืงื•ืงืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ 
ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ืขืœื˜... 
ืคึฟืึทืœื ื“ื™ืง ืึทืจืึธืคึผ-- ื“ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ื”ื•ื™ืš-ื”ื•ื™ืš 
ืฆื• ื’ืึธื˜-- 
ืื•ืŸ ื›ืึทืคึผื˜ ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ื™ืš -- ื‘ืจืขื ื’ื˜ ืขืจ ืขืคึผืขืก ืฐืึธืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜, 
ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ, 
220 


ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ 
ืฉืžืขื™ื” 


ืึทืœืข 


ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ 
ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ {ืœ"ื“ืŸ ื) 


ื‘) 


ืึท ืฐื•ึผื ืง, ืึท ืฐืึธืจื˜ 

ืื•ื ื“ื– ืื•ื™ืš... 

ืื™ืš ืงืขืŸ ืื™ื ื’ื•ื˜-- 

ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ 

ืžื™ื˜ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืคืึทืœ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืขื ืžื™ืš ื“ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ, 
ื’ืขืงื™ืœื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธื“ืขืจืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื‘ืœื•ื˜ 

ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื‘ืฒึทื™ ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืึท ืคึผืฒึทืขืจ 

ืึธื ื’ืขืฆื•ื ื“ืŸ, 

ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ืœื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืฐื•ึผื ื“ืŸ, 

ืื•ืŸ ืžืึทื›ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืฐื•ึผื ื“ืŸ ื ืฒึทืข, 

ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜... (ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขืจื™ืกืขื ืข ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื™ื—ื–ืงืŸืืœืŸ)} 
(ื–ืขืฆื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืฃ, ืงื•ืงื˜ ืฉื˜ืึทืจ ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืฉื•ื™ืขืจ-ื–ืึทืœ) 

ืึธื˜, ืึธื˜-- 

ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“! 

ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืึทืœืŸ -- 

ืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ื™ืš ืึทืœืข, ืึทืœืข, 

ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื•ืŸ ื”ืขืจื˜! 

(ื‘ืฒึท ื“ื™ ื’ื•ืœื™ื ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืฐืึธืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืกืฆืขื ืข ืึทืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืจืขื’ื•ื ื’, ืึท ื‘ืึทื•ื•ืขื’ื•ื ื’, ืฐืึธืก ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื‘ืฒึทื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืฐืึธืจื˜ 
ืคื•ื ืขื ื ื‘ื™ื ืคึผืึทืจืึทืœื™ื™ืจื˜) 


(ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืฃ, ืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืคื™ืก ื”ื•ื™ืš, ื’ืขืฐืึธื ื“ืŸ ืœื™ื ืงืก, ืฆื• ืืจืฅื™ื™ืฉืจืืœ). 


; ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– ืฆื• ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืึธื˜ืก ืฐืึธืจื˜: 


ื’ื™ื™, ื–ืึธื’ ืคืึธืจืฑืก, 

ื–ืึธื’, ืžืขื ื˜ืฉื ืงื™ื ื“, ื ื‘ื™ืื•ืช ื–ืึธื’ ื–ื™ ื“ืึธืจื˜, 

ื“ื™ ืคื™ื˜ืขืจืขืจ ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœืก- ื–ืึธื’ ื–ื™ื™ ืื•ื™ืก! 
ื–ืึธืœืกื˜ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ื–ื™ื™, ื“ื™ ืคื™ื˜ืขืจืขืจ: 

ืึทื–ืฑ ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื’ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืึทืจ-- ืึธืš! ืึธืš! 

ืึธ, ืคื™ื˜ืขืจืขืจ ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœืก, ื‘ื™ื˜ืขืจืข, 

ื–ื™ืš ืึทืœืฒืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืจ ื’ืขืคื™ื˜ืขืจื˜ ื“ืึธืš... 

ืึธ, ืฉื˜ืจืึธืฃ! 

ืขืก ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืคึผืึทืกื˜ืขื›ืขืจ ื’ืขืคื™ื˜ืขืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืึธืฃ. 


ืฐืึธืก ืคืขื˜ ืื™ื–-- ืขืกื˜ ืื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ื“ืŸ, 


21 


ื“) 


ื”) 


0 


0 


ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ืฐืึธืœื ืก ื˜ื•ื˜ ืื™ืจ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืึทืงืœื™ื™ื“ืŸ -- 
ื“ื™ ื’ืึธืจ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ืข ืฉืœืึทื›ื˜ ืื™ืจ, 

ืžืึทื•ื›ื˜} ืื™ืจ 

ืึท ื’ื™ื›ืŸ ืกื•ืฃ -- 

ืื™ืจ ืคื™ื˜ืขืจื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืฉืึธืฃ! 


ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทืจืงื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืจ ื“ื™ ืœืึทื ื“ื™ ืฉืฐืึทื›ืขืจืข ืคื•ืŸ ืœืึทื ื’ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื”ื™ื™ืœื˜ ื“ื™ ืงืจืึทื ืงืข, 

ื“ื™ ืฆืขื‘ืจืึธื›ืขื ืข-- ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืฐื•ึผื ื“ืŸ 

ืื™ืจืข ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ, 

ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ื•ื™ืกืขื ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื•ืจื™ืงื’ืขื‘ืจืึทื›ื˜ 

ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจืœื•ื™ืจืขื ืข -- ืื™ืจ ื–ื•ื›ื˜ ื–ื™ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืžืขืจ! 

ื•ื™ ืคืขืกื˜ ืื™ืจ ื”ืึทืœื˜ ื–ื™ื™, 

ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืึทื”ืขืจืฉื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืฐืึทืœื“ ื–ื™ื™, 

ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ... 


ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ, ืึธืŸ ืึท ืคึผืึทืกื˜ืขืš ืึทืœืข, 

ืคื•ื ืึทื ื“ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืฉืคึผืจืฒื˜ 

ื•ื™ ืฉื˜ื•ื™ื‘, 

ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืจื•ื™ื‘ | 

ืคืึทืจ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ื—ื™ื”, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื–ื™ื™ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืคืขืœื“ ื‘ืึทืคืึทืœืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ื ืึทื ื“ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ ื’ืขืฉืคึผืจืฒื˜. 


ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฉืึธืฃ -- ื–ื™ ื‘ืœืึธื ื“ื–ืฉืขืŸ ืื•ื ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืขืจื’, 

ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืงืขืจืง 

ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื’ืœืขืŸ ื”ื•ื™ื›ืข, 

ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฉืึธืฃ-- ืึธ, ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืง, ืึธ ืึท ื‘ืจืึธืš-- 

ืื•ื™ืฃ ื’ืึธืจ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“ ืฆืขื–ื™ื™ื˜, 

ืฆืขืฉืคึผืจืฒื˜ 

ืื•ืŸ ื’ื™ื™ืขืŸ, ื•ื™ ืึท ืจื•ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืก -- 

ืื•ืŸ ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคึฟืึธืจืฉื˜ ื ื™ื˜, ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคืจืขื’ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื•ึทื ืึธืš.ืŸ 


ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ, ืคื™ื˜ืขืจืขืจ, ืฐืฐื•ื•ึผ ืื™ืจ ื’ืขืคื™ื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸืŸ 
22 


ื—) 


ื˜) 


6 


ื™ื) 


ื”ืขืจื˜, ื”ืขืจื˜ ื’ืึธื˜ืก ืฐืึธืจื˜! 


ืึทื–ืฑ ืฐืึธืจ ืฐื•ื™ ืื™ืš ืœืขื‘ -- ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื’ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืึทืจ, 

ืื•ื™ื‘ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจ 

ืฐืึธืก ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฉืึธืฃ, ืžืฒึทืŸ ืึธืจืขืžืข, ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื™ื– ืฆืขืคึผืœื™ื ื“ืขืจื˜, 
ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขื’ืขืกืŸ ื’ืึธืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื’ืึธืจ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜, 

ืคื•ืŸ ื—ื™ื•ืช-ืจืขื•ืช ื•ื•ื™ืœื“ ืื™ืŸ ืคืขืœื“-- 

ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืึทืกื˜ืขืš ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื”ื™ื ื“ืขืจื˜.., 
ืžืฒึทื ืข ืคึผืึทืกื˜ืขื›ืขืจ ื“ืึธืก ืจื•ื‘ 

ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื›ึผื•ืจื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืฑืœื˜ืึธื’, ืคืึทืจื–ื•ื ืงืขื ืข ืื™ืŸ ืฉืœืึธืฃ-- 
ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ 

ืžืฒึทื ืข ืฉืขืคืขืœืขืš ื“ื™ ืœื™ื‘ืข 

ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฆื™ื˜ืขืจื˜ -- 

ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึทืœืฒื™ืŸ ื’ืขืคื™ื˜ืขืจื˜-- 

ื–ืฐื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืคื™ื˜ืขืจื˜ ืžืฒึทื ืข ืฉืึธืฃ! 


ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ, ืคื™ื˜ืขืจืขืจ, ืฐื•ึผ ืื™ืจ ื’ืขืคื™ื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืึธืจื˜, 
ื”ืขืจื˜ ื”ืขืจื˜ ื’ืึธื˜ืก ืฐืึธืจื˜: 


ืึทื–ืฑ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืึธื˜: 

ืึธื˜ ื ื•ืขื–ื ืื™ืš ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคึผืึทืกื˜ืขื›ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš, ืึธื˜! 
ืื™ืš ื’ื™ 

ืื•ืŸ ืคืึธื“ืขืจ ืžืฒึทื ืข ืฉืขืคืขืœืขืš ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™, 

ื–ื™ื™ ืฐืขืœืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืคื™ื˜ืขืจืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื™ืŸ, 

ื ื™ื˜ ืคื™ื˜ืขืจืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืžืขืจืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืึทืœืฒืŸ... 

ื›'ื•ื•ืขืœ ืจืึทื˜ืขืฐืขืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฉืฆึธืฃ ื–ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื™ืŸ! 
ื–ื™ ืฐืขืœืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจืฆืขืจืŸ 

ื–ื™ื™ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืžืขืจืขืจ... 


ืฐืฒึทืœ ืึทื–ืฑ, ืึทื–ืฑ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืžืฒื™ืŸ ื”ืึทืจ, ืžืฒึทืŸ ื’ืึธื˜: 

ืึธื˜ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš, ืึธื˜, 

ืื™ืš ื’ื™ื™ -- 


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ื›'ื•ื•ืขืœ ื–ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืข ืฉืึธืฃ ืื•ืŸ ืฐืขืœ ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื›ืŸ ื–ื™ื™... 


ื™ื‘) ื•ื™ ืกื™ืคืึทืจื”ื™ื˜ ืึท ื”ื™ืจื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื”ืึทืจื“, 
ื‘ืขืช ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ, 
ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉื˜ืขืงืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขืฉืคึผืึทืจื˜, 
ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืฉืขืคืขืœืขืš ืฆืขื–ื™ื™ื˜ืข 
ืื•ืŸ ืฆืขืฉืคึผืจืฒื˜ืข 
ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“-- 
ืึทื–ืฑ ืฐืขืœ ืื™ืš ืคืึทืจื”ื™ื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ื™, ืคืึทืจื”ื™ื˜ืŸ, 
ื–ื™ ื‘ืึทื’ื™ื ืกื˜ื™ืงืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ืจืึทื˜ืขืฐืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™, ืžืฒึทื ืข ืฉืขืคืขืœืขืš ื’ืขืคึผืœืึธื’ื˜ืข -- 
ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืข ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืฐื•ื•ึผ ืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืึทืจื™ืึธื’ื˜ ื–ื™ 
ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื˜ืึธื’, ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืคืึทืจืฐื•ืึธืœืงื ื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจืŸ... 


ื™ื’) ืื•ืŸ ื›'ื•ื•ืขืœ ืึทืจืฑืกื ืขืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืขืœืงืขืจ ื–ื™ {ืคื•ืŸ) ืคืจืขืžื“ืข, 
ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืข ืœืขื ื“ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขื ื ืขืžืขืŸ 
ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืขืจื“ ื–ื™ื™ ื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ ืฐื™ ืึท ืžืึธืœ, 
ืื•ืŸ ื›'ื•ื•ืขืœ ื–ื™ ืคื™ื˜ืขืจืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื‘ืขืจื’ ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœืก 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื˜ืฒึทื›ืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืฑื ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืจืฒึทื›ืข. 


ื˜ื•) ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ืึทืœืฒืŸ, ืื™ืš ืคื™ื˜ืขืจ 
ื“ื™ ืฉืขืคืขืœืขืš ื“ื™ ืงืœื™ื™ื ืข ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืš ื’ืึทืจ, 
ืึทืœืฒืŸ, ืึทืœื™ื™ืŸ ืœืึธื– ืื™ืš ื–ื™ื™ ื”ื•ื™ืขืจืŸ, ืœื™ื™ื’ ื–ื™ื™ ืึทื ื™ื“ืขืจ-- 
ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื’ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืึทืจ. 


ื˜ื–) ื“ื™ ืคึผืึทืจืœืฑืจืขื ืข ื“ื™ ืœืึทื-- ืื™ืš ื–ื•ืš ื–ื™ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื‘ืœื™ืง (ื–ื™ืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ื•ื™ืกืขื ืข -- ืื™ืš ื‘ืจืขื ื’ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ื–ื™, 
ืื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืœืŸ ืฐืขืœ ืื™ืš ื“ื™ ืฆืขื‘ืจืึธื›ืขื ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืœืึทื ื’ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึทืจืงืŸ, ืฉื˜ืึทืจืงืŸ ื–ื™ ื“ื™ ืงืจืึทื ืงืข... 


ื›"ื—) ื–ื™ ืฐืขืœืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืžืขืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืึท ืจื•ื‘ ืคืึทืจ ื’ื•ื™ื™ึดื ืึทืœืข, 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ืœื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืœืึทื ื“ ืฐืขื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจืฆื•ืงืŸ ื–ื™ื™, ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืึทืคึผืึทืœืŸ 


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ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ื, ื“ืขืจ ืฉื™ื™ื ืขืจ-- 
ืื•ืŸ ืกืข ืฉืจืขืงื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ. 


ื›"ื˜) ืื•ืŸ ื›'ืฐืขืœ ืึท ืคืœืึทื ืฆื•ื ื’ ื–ื™ ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ื™ืžืขืŸ 
ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืจื™ืžืขืŸ! 
ื–ื™ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจ ื”ื•ื ื’ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืกื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืขืจ, 
ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“ ื ื™ื˜ ืžืขืจ ืคืึทืจืฐื•ืขืœืงืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืžืขืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ 
ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืœืฒื™ื“ื™ืงื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืขืœืงืขืจ.., 


01 ื–ื™ ื•ืขืœืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืึทื– ืื™ืš, ืื™ืš ื’ืึธื˜-- 
ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ืฐื•'ืึท ืžืึธืœ! 
ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™-- ื“ื™ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืคืึธืœืง, ืžืฒึทืŸ ื”ื•ื™ื– ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ! 
ืึทื–ืฑ ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื’ืึธื˜! 
ืึทื‘ื˜ืœื™ื” ืžืฒึทืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฃ! (ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฃ, ื‘ืึทื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ ื–ื™) 
ืฉื˜ื•ื™ื ืขืŸ ื–ืึธืœื˜ ืื™ืจ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืึธืœื˜ ืงื•ืงืŸ: 
ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื–ืŸ ืจื•ื˜ ื’ืขืคืึทืจื‘ื˜-- 
ื™ืขืฆื˜ ืื™ื– ื–ื™ ื‘ืœืึทืก! 
ืžืฒึทืŸ ืื•ื™ื’ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ื– ื˜ืจื•ืงืŸ -- 
ื™ืขืฆื˜ ืื™ื– ืขืก ื ืึทืก! 
ืžืฒึทื ืข ื”ืึธืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื–ืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืฉืฐืึทืจืฅ-- 
ื–ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™.., 
ืžืฒึทืŸ ื”ื™ืžืœ ืฐืึธืก ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ื– ื‘ืœื•ื™-- 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคืึทืจืฐืึธืœืงื ื˜.., 
ืžืฒื™ืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฃ -- ื•ื™ ืื•ื™ืš ืžืฒึทื™ืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฅ-- 
ื–ื™ ื•ื•ื™ืœืŸ ืžื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึธืœื’ืŸ-- 
ื–ื™ ื–ื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜! 
ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื–ื™ื™ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื–ืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืจื•ื˜ ื’ืขืคืึทืจื‘ื˜, 
ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข -- ื–ื™ื™ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืžืขืจื˜ 
ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื’ืœื™ืžืขืจื˜ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื”ื™ื™ืก ืึท ืœื™ื“-- 
ื™ืขืฆื˜ ืฉื˜ืึทืจื‘ื˜ ืขืก ืึธืคึผ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™, ื™ืขืฆื˜ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืขืก ืื•ื™ืก ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึทืจื‘ื˜... 
ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืึท ื–ื™ื ื’ืขืจ! 


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ืงื•ืœื™ื” 


ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ 


ืื™ืš ื–ื™ื ื’, ืื™ืš ื–ื™ื ื’ ื ืึธืจ-- 
ื“ืขืจ ื ื‘ื™ื -- ื–ืขื˜... 

ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื ืึธืจ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, 
ืขืคึผืขืก ืฐืึธืก ื ืึธืจ ืึธื ื’ืขืฐื•ึผื ืงืขืŸ, 
ื“ืขืจ ื ื‘ื™ื ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜! 


ืึธ, ื ื‘ื™ื, ื“ื•-- ื“ืึธ-- 

ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึทื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” 

ืžืขืจ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ื•ื™ ืื™ืš -- ื“ืึธืจื˜... 

ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ื’ืขื–ื™ื›ื˜ืขืจ -- 

ื“ื•-- ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœ, 

ืขืก ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื‘ืฒึท ืžื™ืจ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืขืœ -- 

ืื•ืŸ ื›'ืงื•ื ืฆื•ื ืื•ืขืจ ืฆื•-- 

ืื•ืŸ ื“ื•-- ? 

ื“ื• ืžืึทื›ืกื˜ ืึท ืชึผืœ, 

ืื•ืŸ ื“ื• ื‘ืึทืœืขื‘ืกื˜! 

ืื•ืŸ ืจืขื“ืกื˜ื• ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืฉืขืคึผืก.- 

ืื•ืŸ ืžืขืŸ ืคื™ืœื˜ ื“ืขื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ! 

ื–ืฒึท ื’ืขื‘ืขื ื˜ืฉื˜! 

ื“ื™ ืคื™ื˜ืขืจืขืจ -- ืึธ, ืฉืึทื ื“! 

ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืขืก ื’ืขื‘ืจืึทื›ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืฆื• ื“ืขื ืฉื˜ืึทื ื“... 
ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืœ ื’ืขืžืึทื›ื˜ ื“ืึธืก ื’ืึทื ืฆืข ืœืึทื ื“ 
ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื–ื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืก'ื‘ืœื•ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืข ื‘ืจื™ื“ืขืจ-- 


|ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ื˜ืึธืœ, ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืื™ื ื“ืขืจื ื™ื“ืขืจ, 


ืื•ื™ืฃ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ื‘ืขืจื’ืœ ื”ื•ื™ืš... 
ื–ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ืึธ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืœ ืื•ื™ืš! (ื“ืจื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืžืึธืœ ืื•ื ืื•ื™ืฃ ืจืขื›ื˜ืก) 
ืึธื˜ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืขืจ ืึธืŸ, 
ื“ืขืจ ื”ืึธืŸ, 
ื“ืขืจ ื”ืึธืคืขืจื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื”ื•ืŸ, 
ืžื™ื˜ ื”ื™ื ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื”ืขื ืขืจ-- 
ื“ื™ ืคึผื ื™ืžืขืจ-- ื–ื™ ืœืฒึทื›ื˜ืŸ ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ื–ื•ืŸ! 
ืงื•ืงื˜, ืงื•ืงื˜, ืฆื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืึทื–ืึท ืคืจื™ื™ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ืฐืขืจ? 
ื•ื•ื™ื™ ืžื™ืจ! ืื™ืš ืงื•ืง ื–ื™ื™ ืึธืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืœืึทืš - 
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ืื™ืš ืœืึทืš... ืึธ, ืฉืึทื ื“ ืื•ืŸ ืฉืคึผืึธื˜! 

ืขืจ ืจืขื“ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ื’ืึธื˜ืก-- ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืึธื˜, 

ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืคึผืจืึทืš 

ืคื•ืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ื“ืŸ ืื•ืกื’ืขื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜, 

ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืœืึทื ื’ืขืŸ ื’ืึธื˜ืก -- ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืึทืจืœืึทื ื’, 

ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขื“ืึทื ืง! 

ืขืก ืคืึทืœื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฐืึธืจื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืจื™ื™ื“ ื ื™ื˜- 
ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืคืจื™ื™ื˜ ื ื™ื˜... 

ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืจืขื ื’ื˜ ืขืจ ื˜ืจื™ื™ืกื˜-- 

ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜, ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜: 

ืก'ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืจื™ื™ืกื˜! 

ื“ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืจื™ื™ื“ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืึธื•ื˜ืŸ 

ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฆืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ... 

ืึท ืฉืคึผืึธื˜! 

ืึธื˜ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืขืจ ืึธืŸ 

ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืฉืœื™ืึทืš ื“ืึธ 

ืึทื—ืึธื‘! 

(ืื•ึผืŸ ืึทืœืข ืึทืจื•ืžื™ืงืข ืจืฒึทื™ืกืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจืฉื˜ื•ื™ื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ืžืจื•ื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืจื˜ืขืจ - ) 

ืึทื—ืึธื‘! ืึทื—ืึธื‘! 

(ื–ืขืฆื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื”ืึทืœื‘ ืœื™ื’ื ื“ื™ืง, ืืฒึทื ื’ืขืงืึธืจื˜ืฉืขื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ) 

(ืขืก ื“ืขืจื”ืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’, ืจืขื›ื˜ืก, ืึท ืคืจื™ื™ื“ื™ืง, ืฉื˜ืึทืจืง ื’ืขื–ืึทื ื’, ืึท ื’ืขื‘ืจืึทื–ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืึทืฆืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืœืึธื–- 
ืื™ื ืก{ื˜ืจื•ืžืขื ื˜ืŸ, } ืงื•ืœื•ืช ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื•ืคืจื•ืช) 

(ืื•ืŸ ืึทืœืข ืึทืจื•ืžื™ืงืข ืœืึธื–ืŸ ื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืจื™ืง ืึทืจืŸืึธืคึผ ื“ื™ ืงืข!ืคึผ) 

(ื“ืขืจืฉืฒึทื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทื’ืœืฒื™ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืคืจื•ื™ ื‘ืฒึท ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืจืขื›ื˜ืขืจ (ื–ื™ึทื™ื˜} ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืคืึธืœื’, ืžืขื ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคืจื•ื™ืขืŸ 
ืฐืึธืก ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ื ื ืึธืš) 

(ืคืึทืจืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ืคืœื˜) 

ืึทื—ืึธื‘! (ืขืจ ืงืขืจื˜ ืึธืคึผ ืคืจืขืžื“, ื“ืขื ืงืึธืคึผ ื–ืฒึทื ืขื ืœื™ื ืงืก) 

(ืฉืคึผืจืฒื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ื“ื™ืง ืื•ื™ืก ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜ ืฆื•ื ืคืึธื˜ืขืจ, ืขืจ ื–ื™ื ื’ื˜ ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขืคืึธืœื’) 
ื›'ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ืึท! 

ื›'ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ืึธ, 

ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ื™ืš! 

ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืกื˜ื• ื˜ื•ื™ื‘ -- 

ืึท ื”ืขืจ 


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ืื•ืŸ ื’ืœื™ื™ื‘, 
ืื•ืŸ ื’ืœื™ื™ื‘ ื ืึธืš ืžืขืจ-- 
ื›'ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ืึธ! 


ืื™ืš ืฉืจืฒึท ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืœื™ื™ื“, 
ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ื ื•ื™ื˜: 
ื›'ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ืึธ! 


ืื™ืš ืจื•ื™ื‘ 
ืึทืฐืขืง ื“ืึธืก ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื ื˜ื•ื™ื˜, 
ืื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ื‘'ืก 

ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื™ื‘ ืึทืจืฑืฃ, ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื™ื‘! 
ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืึทื ื’ 

ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ืžืฒึทืŸ ืคืึทื ื’-- 

ื›'ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ืึธ! 


ืื™ืš ืจืฒึทืก ืคืจื™ืฉ ืฉืคึผืจืึธืฆื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืึทืจืฑืก 
ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืก 

ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึทืจื ื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’, 

ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ ืœื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง 

ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ื™ืคืขืจ ื ืึทื›ื˜. 


ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืข ืฐืึธืœืงื ืก ืงืจืึทื›ื˜ 
ืขืก, ืื•ืŸ ืขืก ืœืึทื›ื˜; 

ืื™ืš ืคืจื™ื™ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ืžืฒึทื™ืŸ ืจื•ื™ื‘ -- 
ื’ืœื™ื™ื‘! ื’ืœื™ื™ื‘ -- 


ื›'ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ืึธ! โ€ (ื˜ื™ืคืข ืฉื˜ื™ืœืงื™ื™ื˜, ืœื™ื ืงืก ื˜ื™ืคืขืจ ืฆืขืจ, ืจืขื›ื˜ืก ืึทืœืข ืขืงื–ืึทืœื˜ื™ืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืขื›ืกื˜ืขืจ ืคืจื™ื™ื“) 


ื“ืขืจ ืคืึธืจื”ืึทื ื’ ืคืึทืœื˜ ืœืึทื ื’ื–ืึทืก 


228 


|ื–ืŸ 
1244 
ื“ื™ 
ืืœื• 


ืงื•ืœื™ื” 


ืคืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืึทืงื˜ 


ื“ื™ ืึธื ื˜ืฒื™ืœ-ื ืขืžืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืคืขืจื˜ืŸ ืึทืงื˜: 
ืึทื—ืึธื‘ ื‘ืŸ ืงื•ืœื™ื” 
ืงื•ืœื™ื” 
ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ ื”ื ื‘ื™ื 
ืึทื‘ื™ื’ื™ืœ 
ื”ื“ืกื” 
ืฉืžืขื™ื” ื”ื ื—ืœืžื™ 
ื‘ืœืึทื“ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทื‘ื™ืœืึธื ื™ืฉืขืจ ื”ื•ื™ื›ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ืขืจ ืงืจื™ื’ืขืจ 
ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื‘ืึทื’ืœืฒื˜ืขืจ ื‘ืœืึทื“ื ืก 
ืึทื‘ื˜ืœื™ื” 
ืฉื‘ื ื 
ืฉืจืืฆืจ 
ื’ื•ืœื™ื 
ื“ื™ ืกืฆืขื ืข ื•ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืขื ื“ืข ืคื•ื ืขื ื“ืจื™ื˜ืŸ ืึทืงื˜ 
(ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฆื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืฆื• ืงื•ืœื™ื”) 
ืึธ, ืคืึธื˜ืขืจ, ืคืึธื˜ืขืจ ืžืฒึทื ืขืจ, ืึธ, ืงื•ืœื™ื”! 
ืื™ืš ืฐืึทืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ืจ ื“ืึธ, ืึธ, 
ืื™ืš ืฐืึทืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืœืึทื ื’, ืคื•ืŸ ืœืึทื ื’, 
ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ, ื“ื•, ื’ืขืึทื›ืคึผืขืจื˜ืกื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึธืœืง-- 
ื–ืึธืœ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืขื ื˜ืฉื˜ ื“ื™ ืฉืขื”! 
ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ืจ ืึทืจืฑืก ืžื™ื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขืคืึธืœื’, 
ืžื™ื˜ ื˜ืึทืฆืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื–ืึทื ื’-- 
ืึธ ืคืึธื˜ืขืจ, ืคืึธื˜ืขืจ ืžืฒึทื ืขืจ, ืึธ ืงื•ืœื™ื” 
ื–ืฒึท ื’ืขื‘ืขื ื˜ืฉื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื ืฒึทืข 
ืื•ืžื–ื™ืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื’ืขื”ืึทืกื˜ืข, 
ืื•ื™ืฃ ื ืฒึทืข-ืึทืœื˜ืข ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืจ- ื›ึผืฉื‚ื“ื™ื, 
ืึทื‘ืจื”ืžืก ื•ื•ื™ื’ืขืœืข -- ื“ืึธืก ืึทืœื˜ืข ืื•ืจ-- 
ื“ืขืจืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ื“ืฒึทื™ืŸ ื–ื•ืŸ, ื“ืขืจืงืขืŸ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืฉื ื•ืจ! 
ืึธ, ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืง ื’ืจื•ื™ืก! (ื•ื•ืขื ื“ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื ืึธืขื ื˜ืข ืœื™ื ืงืก) 
ืคื™ืจื˜ ืžื™ืš ืึทืจืฑืก... 
ืขืก ืขืงืœื˜ ืžื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ืคืœื™ื™ืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืขื, ืคื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื˜, 
29 


ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ 


ืงื•ืœื™ื” 
ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ 


ื•ืฆ1 
2 
ืฆืฒ 
ืืœื• 


ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ 


ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื”ื•ืจ -- 

ืคื™ืจื˜ ืžื™ืš ืึทืจืฑืก! 

ื“ื™ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ื™ื™ืขื ื“ื™ืงืข ื–ื•ืŸ 

ื‘ืึทืฉืฒึทื ื˜ ืื™ื, 

ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืš -- ืžื™ืš ืฉืžืฒึทืกื˜ ื–ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ื– ืฐื™ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืจื•ื˜. 

ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื–ื•ืŸ? 

ื’ื•ื˜! ื’ื•ื˜! 

ืฐืึธืก ื’ื•ื˜? 

ืฐืึธืก ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ืคื™ึทื™ื ื˜ ืื™ื! 

ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืึทื˜ืข ื–ืึธืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื“ืขืจืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ, 

ื“ื™ ื‘ืจื™ื“ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื•ื•ืขืกื˜ืขืจ-- 

ืฐืึธืก ื˜ื™ืคืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉื‚ืŸ ื–ื™ ื“ืขืจ ืชึผื”ื•ื! 

ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืš ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืœืขืกื˜ืขืจื˜! 

ื“ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืจื™ื™ื“ 

ืคื•ืŸ ืขื›ื˜ืขืจ ืคืจื™ื™ื“ -- 

ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืึทืŸ ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขื‘ืœืึธื–ืขื ืขืจ ืึท ืฉื•ื™ื... 

ื“ืขืจ ืฉื‚ื•ื ื ืฉืœืขื›ื˜-- 

ื“ืขืจ ืฉื‚ื•ื ื ื”ืึธื˜ ืึทื–ืขืœื›ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืจืŸ, 

ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืขื›ื˜! 

ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜, ืึทืœื˜ืขื˜ืฉืงืขืจ, ื ื™ื˜ ืฉืฐืึทืš, ื ื™ื˜ ืึทืœื˜ ืึทื–ืฑ, 

ืื•ืŸ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื–ื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืฉื˜ืึทืจืง, ื ื™ื˜ ืจื™ื–ื™ืง ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทืœื˜ ืึทื–ืฑ, 

ืฐืึธืœื˜ืกื˜ ื”ื™ืœื›ื™ืงืข ืึทืจืึธืคึผื ืขืœืึธื–ืŸ ืื™ื ื™ืขืฆื˜ ืคืจืขืกืง ื“ืึธ! 

ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ! 

ื“ื•! ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืขืก! 

ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืฆืขื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืคืึธืœืง, 

ืฆืฐื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืข ื‘ืจื™ื“ืขืจ-- | 

ืœื•ื™ืคืกื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืคืึธืจื•ื™ืก ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ืกื˜ืข-- 

ืื•ืŸ ืฐื•ื™ ื“ื• ืฐืึธืœืกื˜ ื’ืขื™ืึธื’ื˜ ืžื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืคืึธืœื’ื˜... 

ื™ืขืฆื˜ ืฉื˜ืขืœืกื˜ื• ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึธื˜ืขืจ ืžืฒึทื ืขื ื–ื™ืš ืึทื ื™ื“ืขืจ-- 

ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ืš! ืขืก ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ืจ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืฒึทื ืข ื ืึธื ื˜ืข 

ื•ื•ืขื ื˜! 

ื“ื• ืฉื˜ืขืœืกื˜ ืึทืœื™ื™ืŸ ืึทืฐืขืง ื–ื™ื™ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืง!ืึธื ืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜- ื– 

ื“ื• ืฆื™ื ื“ืกื˜ ืึท ืคืฒึทืขืจ ืึธืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืขืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื™ ืขืก ื‘ืจืขื ื˜.- 
20 


ืงื•ืœื™ื” 
ืึทื—ืึธื‘ 


ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ึผ? 
ื“ื•ื™ ื“ื•! 

(ื˜ืจืขื˜ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง, ืžืึทื›ื˜ ืคืจืฒึท ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืขื’ ืคืึทืจืŸ ื–ื•ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึธื˜ืขืจ) 

ื’ื™ ืฆื•! 

(ืฉื˜ืจืขืงื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ืฆื•ื ืคืึธื˜ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜) 

ืคืึธื˜ืขืจ! 

ืึทืฐืขืง! 

(ืœืึธื–ื˜ ืึทืจืึธืคึผ ืคืึทืจืฉืขืžื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจื“ืจืึธืกื™ืง ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜, ืฆื• ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœืŸ) 

ื“ื•! ื“ื•! | 

ื“ื• ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืจื•, 

ื“ื• ืคืึทืจืœื•ื™ืคืกื˜ ืึท ื‘ืจื•ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืขื’ ืžื™ืจ ืื•ืžืขื˜ื•ื, 
ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื˜ืึธื’ ืึทืคึผืจื™ึดืขืจ, ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืฉืขื”... 

ืื•ืŸ ืฐื•ึผ ืื™ืš ืงื•ื ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืš ืงื•ื-- 

ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื“ืึท! 

ื•ื™ ืึท ื’ืขืฉื•ื•ื™ืจ ืึท ื‘ื™ื™ื–ืข, ื•ื™ ืึท ื‘ืœืึธื˜ืขืจ 

ืืฒึทื™ื ื’ืขื’ืขืกืŸ ื–ื™ืš, ืึท ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ืขืจ... 

ืื™ืš ืงื•ื ืžื™ื˜ ืคืจื™ื™ื“ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืขืœืขื›ื˜ืขืจ-- 

ืื•ืŸ ืžื•ื– ืึทืฐืขืง... 

ืึทืฐืขืง! ืึทืฐืขืง! 

(ืฆื• ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœืŸ) 

ื“ื•! ื“ื•ื™ 

ื“ื• ืžืึทื›ืกื˜ ืฆื• ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืื•ื™ืคื˜ื•-- ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ื ืึธืš ืื™ืš ื˜ื•... 
ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืึทืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืจื™ืกืขื ืขืจ, ืึท ืฉืœืขืคึผืขืจ ืึท ืฆืขืคืœืึทืžื˜ืขืจ, 
ืคืึทืจืœืึธืคืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืขื’ 

ื“ืขื ื–ื•ื ืก ืฆื•ื ืคึผืึธื˜ืขืจ, 

ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืกืžื˜ ืื™ื -- 

ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ื ืึธืš ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื“ืขื ืคืึธื˜ืขืจ ืžืฒึทื ืขื ืจืขื›ื˜ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ... 
ืึธ, ืื™ืš ื“ืขืจืงืขืŸ -- 

ื–ืขื˜, ื–ืขื˜: 

ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืคืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื“ืึธ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืœืึธื˜ืข! 
ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื–ื™, ื“ื™ ืคืึทืœื™ืงืข 

ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜! 

ืจื™ื™ื“ ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจืข, ืจื™ื™ื“ ื’ืึทืœื™ืงืข, 


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ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ืคืึทืจ ืคืฒึทืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจ ืฐืึทืกืขืจ.... 
ื‘ืŸ-ื‘ื•ื–ื™, ื“ื•... ืึธ, ืึทืœื˜ืขืจ ืฉื‚ื•ื ื! 

ืงื•ื, ืงื•ื, ื”ื“ืกื”, 

ืฆืขื‘ืœื™ื˜ืข ืจื•ื™ื–! 

ืงื•ื ืื™ื™ื“ืขืœืข, ื’ืขืื™ื™ื“ืœื˜ืข ื’ืขื–ื™ื ื“, 
ื’ืขื”ื™ื™ืœื™ืงื˜ืข ืื™ืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ื“ -- 


ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ ื’ื™ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื–ื•ื ื”! 
ืฉืžืขื™ื” (ืคืึทืจื‘ืจืขื›ื˜ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืœืึธื–ื˜ ืึทืจืึธืคึผ ื“ืขื ืงืึธืคึผ) 
ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื›ึผื ื•ืคื™ื” ื”ื™ื ื˜! 
ืึทืจืฑืก! ืึทืจืฑืก! 
(ื›ืึทืคึผื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ืจื™ืง) 


ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ ื“ืึธ, ืคืึทืจื‘ืœืฒึทื‘, 
ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื ื’ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ื“ ื–ื™ื™ ืื•ื™ืก, 
ื–ื™ื ื’, ื–ื™ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืึธื’-- 
ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ื“ -- ืคืึทืจื˜ืจืฒึทื‘ื˜, 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขื–ืึทื ื’ ืื™ื– ืงืœืึธื’... 
ื“ืฒึทื ืข ืจื™ื™ื“-- 
ื–ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืฉืžื•ืฆื™ืง, ืฉืžื•ืฆื™ืง, ื•ื™ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืงืœื™ื™ื“, 
ื•ื™ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื’ื•ืฃ -- ืึทื–ืฑ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื ืฉืžื”-- 
ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืฉื™ื™ืŸ! 
ืื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื•ื“ื™ืงืขืจ, ืื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ืคืœืขืง! 
ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขื’ืขืกืŸ ื“ืจืขืง -- 
ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืจื™ื™ืŸ! 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ื•, ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืžื–ื‘ื— ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื”ืฒื™ืœื™ืงืŸ ื’ืขื’ืขืกืŸ -- 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ื˜ ืžื! 


ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื“ืขืจืขืกืŸ!(ืคืึทืจืœืึธื–ื˜ ืื™ื ืžื™ื˜ ืขืงืœ, ืขืจ ืงืœืขื˜ืขืจื˜ ืฐื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืจื™ืขืจืขืก, ื ืขืžื˜ ืึทืจื•ื ื“ื™ 


ื•ืขืŸ 
ืึตืœื•ึผ 
= 
*ึตืœื• 


ื’ื•ืœื™ื, ื“ืขื, ื™ืขื ืขื, ืคึฟืึทืจืฉืฐื™ื ื“ื˜ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื–ื™ื™) 


ืึทื—ืึธื‘ ืคืึธื˜ืขืจ! ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืžืฒึทื™ืŸ ืคืึธื˜ืขืจ, ื”ืขืจ -- 

ืงื•ืœื™ื” ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ื 'ืก ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ, ื™ืขืฆื˜ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ืขืก ื ื™ื˜ ืžืขืจ. 

ืึทื—ืึธื‘ ื–ืึธื’ืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื–ื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืคึผ-- ืฆื™ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืึธื“? 
ืงื•ืœื™ื” ืก'ืื™ื– ืœืฒึทื›ื˜ืขืจ ืึธืคึผืฆืฐืึธื’ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื–ื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื•ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืึธื˜.., 
ืึทื—ืึธื‘ ืึท ื˜ืึทื˜ืข, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจ ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื–ื•ืŸ ืึธืคึผ-- 


ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืคึผื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื“ืึธืš ืื•ื™ืš! 
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ืงื•ืœื™ื” 
ืึทื—ืึธื‘ 


ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื“ืึธ ืžื™ืš -- ื”ืึธืกื˜ื• ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ-- 
ื ืึธื˜ ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืข ืจืฒึทื›ืงืฒื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืจ'ืขืจื“ ื‘ืึทื˜ืฒืœื™ืงื˜, 
ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš, ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืึท ื—ืœืง 
ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืš -- 
ืื™ ืขืจ, ืื™ ืื™ืš -- ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื”ืฒื™ืœื™ืง! 
ืžืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืขืจื“, ื“ื™ ื’ืึทื ืฆืข ืขืจื“! 
ืื™ ืžืฒึทืŸ, ืื™ ื“ืฒึทืŸ, ืื™ ื–ืฒึทืŸ-- 
ืื™ื™ื ืข ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืจ ื“ื™ ื–ื•ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืฒึทืŸ, 
ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ื™ื’! 
ืื™ ืื™ืš, ืื™ ื“ื•, ืื™ ืขืจ-- 
ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ืžื™ืจ ืฐื™ื™ื ื™ืง, 
ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืžืขืจ! 
ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ืœ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜! ื“ื™ ื’ืึทื ืฆืข ื•ื•ืขืœื˜! 
ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืึท ื’ืจืขืกืขืจืขืจ ืึท ื”ืขืœื“, 
ืงืœื™ื’ืขืจ ื ืึธืš ืื•ืŸ ืžืขืจ ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจืŸ 
ื•ื™ ืึท ืคึผืจืขื”, 
ื•ื™ ืึท ืฉืœืžื ืึธืกืจ -- 
ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ืจืขืกืขืจ! 
ื‘ืขืกืขืจ! 
ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ ืึทืœืข ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื›ึผื•ื— ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืฉื•ื•ืขืจื“ 
ื‘ืึทื”ืขืจืฉื˜ ื“ื™ ืขืจื“-- 
ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ ื‘ืึทื”ืขืจืฉืŸ ื–ื™ ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืึธื˜! 
ื•ื•ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืึธื˜? ืฐืขืจ ืื™ื– ืขืจ? 
ื“ืขืจ ืฐืึธืก ื‘ื™ื–'ื”ืขืจ: 
ืคืจื™ื™ื“! (ืขืจ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืฆื• ืื™ืŸ ืขืงืกื˜ืึทื– ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืกืฆืขื ืข) 
ื“ืึธืก ืจืขื˜ืขื ื™ืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ, ื™ืึธ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืฉืฒื™ื“ -- 
ืคืจื™ื™ื“! 
ืจื•ืคื˜ ืื•ื™ืก, ืจื•ืคื˜ ืึทืœืข ืžื™ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืก, 
ื•ื•ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ืงื•ืœ, ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื™ืœืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜: 
ืคืจื™ื™ื“! ืคืจื™ื™ื“! 
ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ ืžื™ื˜ ืคืจื™ื™ื“ ืคืึทืจื’ื™ืกืŸ ืืฒึทืš, 
ืžื™ื˜ ืคืจื™ื™ื“ ืึท ื˜ืฒึทืš, 
33 


5 


ืžื™ื˜ ืžืฒึทื ืข ืคืจื™ื™ื“ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก, 

ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ ืึทืจืฒึทื ืฐืึทืจืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืืฒึทื™ืš ืžืฒึทืŸ ื™ื•ื-ื˜ื•ื‘, 
ืก'ืื™ื– ืืฒึทื™ืขืจ ืึทืœืขืžืขื ืก ื“ืขืจ ื™ื•ื-ื˜ื•ื‘, 
ื“ืขืจืงืึธื ื˜, ื“ืขืจืงืึธื ื˜ ืื™ื! 

ื“ืขืจ ื™ื•ื-ื˜ื•ื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“, ื“ืขืจ ื’ืึทื ืฆืขืจ-- 
ืงื•ืžื˜! ืงื•ืžื˜ ื˜ืึทื ืฆืŸ! 

ื˜ืึทื ืฆื˜! ื˜ืึทื ืฆื˜! ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื’ืึธื˜, 

ื ืขืžื˜ ืคืึทืจ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืึทื ืฆื˜ ืึท ืจืึธื“! 
ื˜ืึทื ืฆื ื“ื™ืง ืึทื–ืฑ ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืื™ืจ ื“ืึธืš ืึธืŸ ืฆื• ืคืœื™ึดืขืŸ - 
ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืœื™ึดืขื ื“ื™ืง -- ืื™ืจ ืึทืœืข, 

ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืื™ืจ ื’ืœื™ื™ื‘ื™ืง! 

ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืคืึทืœืŸ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ -- 

ื‘ื‘ืœ ืื•ื™ืš ืฐื•ืขื˜ ืคืึทืœืŸ-- 

ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืคืจื™ื™ื“ ืื™ื– ืืฒื‘ื™ืง! 

ืื•ืŸ ืื•ืžืขื˜ื•ื! 

ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทืจื’ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”ืก ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืจ ื ื‘ื™ื -- 
ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขืก ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืœ! 

ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื• ืื™ืš ืงื•ื-- 

ืื™ืš ื‘ืจืขื ื’ ื–ื™ ืžื™ื˜! 

ืขืก ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ื™ื“, ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ื™ื“ -- 

ื–ื™ ืฉื˜ืจืึทืœื˜ 


8 


ืคื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืข ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืžื™ืจ, ืคื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืข ืจื™ื™ื“, 


ื•ื™ ื–ื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื™ืžืœื‘ืœื•ื™, 
ื–ื™ ืคืึทืœื˜, 
ื•ื™ ื˜ื•ื™, 
ื•ื™ ื“ืขืจ "ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื“ื™ืš ืœื™ื‘!", "ืื™ืš ืœื™ื‘ ื“ื™ืš!" ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืคืจืฑ. 
ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ื™ืš -- 
ื ื ืขืžื˜ ื–ื™ ืžื™ื˜-- 
ืฐื•ึผ ื ืึธืจ ืื™ืจ ื’ื™ื™ื˜, 
ื•ื• ื ืึธืจ ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ 
ืฆืขืฉืคึผืจืฒื˜, 
ืื•ื™ืฃ ื’ืึธืจ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“! 
ืึธ, ื ืขืžื˜ ื–ื™ ืžื™ื˜! 
34 


ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจ ืืฒึทืš ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื“ืžืขื˜-- 
ื–ืฒึทื˜ ื•ื™ ืื™ืš ืึท ื™ื™ื“, 
ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืืžืชืขืจ, ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึทื“-- 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืืžืชืขืจ, ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“-- ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ ื ื™ื˜. 
ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘'ื™ืก ื“ืขืจื’ืจื™ื™ื›ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืคืจื™ื™ื“! 
ืžืขืŸ ื“ืึทืจืฃ ื“ืขืจื’ืจื™ื™ื›ืŸ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ื™ื– 
ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืžืขืŸ ืื™ื–-- 
ืื•ื™ืก ื™ื™ึทื“ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื– ืึท ื”ื™ื™ื“ ืฐืึธืก ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ื”ื™ื™ื“! 
ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ื™ื“, ื“ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™, ื–ื™ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข, 
ื”ื•ื™ืš-ื”ื•ื™ืš, ืึทื–ืฉ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ... 
ืึธ, ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ืžื™ืš, ืคืจื™ื™ื“, ื“ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื‘ ืžื™ืš ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ! 
ืื•ืŸ ืžืขื’ ืฐื™ ืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ ืื™ืš, ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ื›ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ... 
ืงื•ืœื™ื” (ืืฑืคึฟื’ืขืจืขื’ื˜) "ืึทื–ืฉ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ!" ื”ืขืจื˜! 
ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ืขืจืฉื˜ ื™ืขืฆื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ืึทื ืฆืข ืขืจื“, 
ื ืึธืจ ืฐืขืจ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื˜ืจืฒึท ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ-- 
ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื‘ื‘ืœ ืื•ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืœื™ื‘ืŸ! 
ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื ื™ื˜, ื“ื™ ืขืจื“, ื“ื™ ื’ืึทื ืฆืข, ื’ืขืจืŸ... 
ื”ืขืจื˜ ืึทืœืข, ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจื ืขืžื˜: 
ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืึทื–ืฉ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ! +ืฆื•ืึทื—ืึธื‘) 
ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืคืจืขืžื“! 
ืึทื—ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ! 
ืงื•ืœื™ื” / ืึท ื™ึดื™ื“ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ ื ื™ื˜-- ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ! 
ืึทืœืฒื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืจ, 
ื ืึธืจ ืขืคึผืขืก ื ืึธืš, ืึทืŸ ืขื™ืงืจ ื–ื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื... 
ืึท ื“ืึทื ืง ื“ืขื ืขื™ืงืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขื 
ืฐืึทืงืกื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก-- 
ืื•ืŸ ืจืฒึทืกื˜ ืขืจ ืื™ื ืึทืจืฑืก 
ืื™ื– ื ืึธื›ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ, ื ืึธืš ืื™ื... 
ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืคืจืขืžื“-- 
ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื–ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฆืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืžืขืงื˜... 
ืึทืฐืขืง! 
ืึทื—ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ืึธืš ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืึทืฐืขืง ืึธ, ืคึผืึธื˜ืขืจ, ืคืึธื˜ืขืจ! 
ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืฐืฒึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ -- 


235 


ืึทื—ืึธื‘ 
ืึทื‘ื™ื’ื™ืœ 


ืžื™ื˜ ืœื™ื›ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ื“ 

ื‘ืึทื’ืึธืกืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทืฉืึธื˜ืŸ... 

ื ืึธืš ืื™ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื™ื•ื ื’ 

ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื‘ืึทื˜ืจืึธื˜ืŸ 

ืื™ื, ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืขื’, 

ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขืฆื•ื ื“ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืึท ืคื•ื ืง... 

ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืึทืฐืขืง-- 

ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ืืฑืกื’ืขืฐืึทืงืกืŸ... 

ื“ื•, ืคืึธื˜ืขืจ, ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ-- 

ืึทืŸ ืขืงืฉืŸ... (ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ืœื™ืงืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธื ื“ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึทื‘ื™ื’ื™ืœืŸ) 

ืื•ืŸ ื“ื•-- 

ืื™ืš ื“ืขืจืงืขืŸ ื“ื™ืš, ืฉื•ื•ืขืกื˜ืขืจ, ืื™ืš ื“ืขืจืงืขืŸ -- 

ืงื•ื, ืึทื‘ื™ื’ื™ืœ, ื“ื•ื™ 

(ืฐืฒึทื–ื˜ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืคืึธื˜ืขืจ) 

ืขืจ ื”ืึทืœื˜ ืžื™ืš ืฆื•-- 

ื“ื• ื–ืขืกื˜... 

ืขืจ ื”ืึทืœื˜ ื“ื™ืš ืคืขืกื˜, 

ืึธ, ืฉื•ื•ืขืกื˜ืขืจ.., 

ื ื™ื˜ ืคืขืกื˜, ื ื™ื˜ ืคืขืกื˜! 

ืงื•ืœื™ื” ื“ืึทืจืฃ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืึทื‘ื™ื’ื™ืœืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ืคืขืกื˜ืขืจ-- 

ืขืก ื”ืึทืœื˜ ืžื™ืš ืึธืคึผ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืœืŸ ืžืขืจืขืจ ื•ื™ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืึธืจืขื-- 

ืขืจ ื”ืึทืœื˜ ืžื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ื™ื™ื–ืŸ, ื ืึธืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื’ื•ื˜ืŸ... 

ื•ื•ื•ึผ ืื™ื– ื—ืžื•ื˜ืœ? 

ืฐื•ึผ ืื™ื– ืื™ืจ ืžืึทืŸ? 

ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื‚ื•ื ืืก ืคึผืฒึทืœ ืื™ื– ืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธืคืŸ ื˜ื™ืฃ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ- - 

ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืขืคืึทืœืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ืžืก ืžื•ื™ืขืจ -- ื“ืึทืŸ 

ืื™ื– ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขืคืึทืœืŸ... 

ื—ืžื•ื˜ืœ ืื™ื– ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืœืข-- 

ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืœืข ืื•ื ื“ื– ืึทืฐืขืง ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ... 

ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ืžื“ื‘ืจ-ื–ืึทืžื“ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื“ืึธ ืึท ืžืึทืžืข-- 

ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึท ืงื™ื ื“ ื’ืขื”ืึทื˜ - 

ืึท ืงื™ื ื“! ืึท ืœืขื‘ืŸ! 

ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืงื™ื ื“ ื“ืขื ื˜ื•ื˜ ืึทื•ืขืงื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ-- 
6 


ื”ื“ืกื” 


ื•ืขืŸ 
/ืœื• 
+ืฒ 
;ืืœื• 


ืฉืžืขื™ื”ืช 


ื•ืข1 
-- ืึตืฉื• 
+ืฒึท 
*ึตืœื™ 


ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฐื•ืึธืจืคืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืจืช... 

ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืฐืขืœืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืฐืฒึทื˜ ืึทืฐืขืงื’ืขืฉืฐื•ึผืžืขืŸ -- 
ืื•ืžื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ! ืœืึธื–ื˜ ืึท ืฐืฒึทืœืข ืึทืจืึธืคึผ ื“ืขื ืงืึธืคึผ, ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืื™ื ืื•ืžืจื•ื™ืง ืื•ื™ืฃ) 
ื—ื•ืœื“ื”! ื–ื™! ืฐื•ึผ ืื™ื– ื–ื™? 

ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืึทืฐื™ื–ืŸ 

ืื•ืžืงืขืจืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆ'ืจื™ืง -- 

ืฆื•ืจื™ืง? ืื™ืŸ ื—ืจื•ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœืึทื ื“ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง? 

ื“ืึธืก ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืŸ. ื˜ืฒึทื™ืš ื–ื™ืš ืฐืึทืจืคืŸ!... 

ื“ืขืจ ื’ื•ืจืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืœืขื ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ื ืขื ื˜ื•ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื ืœ(ืขื‘ื–ืŸ 
ืื•ื ื“ื– ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ -- 

ืขืก ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ืœืึทื ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืึทื“ืึทืจืคืŸ. 

ืื•ืŸ ืฐื•ึผ ืื™ื– ืฉื‘ื ื? 

ื˜ืจืขืฃ! ื˜ืจืขืฃ ื ืึธืจ! (ืฐืฒึทื–ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึทื‘ื˜ืœื™ื”ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื ืืŸ) 

ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื”ืึทืจืคืข. 

(ืึธื ืงื•ืงื ื“ื™ืง ื–ื™ ืึท ืœืขื ื’ืขืจืข ืฐืฒึทืœืข, ื‘ืึทืœืฒื™ื“ื™ืงื˜) 

ื–ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™-- 

ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื™ื•ื ื’ืข ืœืฒึทื˜, 

ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื–ื™ื™-- 

ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืงื•ืงืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžืฒื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื˜... (ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืœื™ืง ืคึฟืึทืœื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืฉืžืขื™ื”ืŸ) 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืจ ืื™ื–? ื“ืขืจ! ื“ืขืจ! (ื˜ืจืขื˜ ืงื•ื™ื ืฆื•ืจื™ืง) 

ืฉืžืขื™ื”! 

(ืคืึทืœื˜ ืฆื• ืฆื• ืึทื—ืึธื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืจืขื›ื˜ืก) 

ืขืจ! 

ืื™ืš ืงื•ืง ืื•ืŸ ื’ืœื™ื™ื‘ ื ื™ื˜ ืžืฒึทื ืข ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืžืขืจ-- 

ืขืจ! 

ื“ื•! ื“ื•ื™ 

ืคื•ืŸ ืฐื•ึผ? 

ื“ื• ืื•ื™ืš? 

ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื–ืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜... ื“ืึธืจื˜... ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ืš! 
ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึธ ืึทื ื˜ืœืึธืคึฟืŸ... ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ืขืคืขื ื’ืขื ื™ืฉ ืึทื ื˜ืœืึธืคึฟืŸ, 
ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื”ื™ื™ื, ืึท ืคืจื™ื™ืข-- 

ืคืจืฒึทื™ ืื•ืŸ ืึธืคึฟืŸ... 

ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ื™ื”ื™ื™ื˜, ืฉืžืขื™ื”, 


237 


ืงื•ืœื™ื” 


ืึทื—ืึธื‘ 


ืฉืžืขื™ื” 


ื•ื–ืŸ 
;ื•ื™ 
{ ื 
4 


ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–, ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืœืึทื ื“ 

ืึทืฐื•ึผ ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ... 

ืื•ืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ืœืึทื ื“, ื ืึธืจ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื‘ืึทืฉื™ืจ'ืžืขืŸ! 
ื“ื• ืงื•ืžืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜, ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ืื™ื, ื™ืจืžื™ึธื”ืŸ? 
ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื•ื•, ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขื 
ืคืึธืจืืฑื™ืกื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–, ืึทื– ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื‘ืจืขื ืขืŸ... 
ื ืึธืจ ื“ื™ืจ ืึทืœื™ืŸ! 

ืื™ื– ื’ื•ื˜! (ืฆื• ืฉืžืขื™ื”ืŸ) 

ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื ืึธืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ืจ ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ, 

ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ืจ, ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ืจ ื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ื–ืึทื... 

ืคืึทืจื’ื™ืกืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื˜.., 

ืคืึทืจื‘ืจืขื ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึทืจื‘ืŸ-- ืงืขืŸ ืื™ืš ืื™ื™ื ื–ืึทื... 
ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ืื™ื ื“ืขื ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจืŸ, ื“ืขื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ? 
ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ. 

ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกึฐื˜ ืื™ื ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜... 

ื›'ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ืึธื›ื’ืขื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ ื•ื™ ืึท ืฉืึธื˜ืŸ ืื™ื ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืจ'ืขืจื“. 
ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฆื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืžื™ืš ืฆื•ื ืื™ื, ื•ื™ ื›'ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขืžื•ื–ื˜... 
ื›'ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ืžืขื˜ื•ื ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ 

ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜... 

ื ื•, ืฐืึธืก? | 

ืขืจ ืฉื™ืœื˜ ื ืึธืš ืึทืœืฅ ืื•ืŸ ืœืขืกื˜ืขืจื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื‘ืจืขืŸ? 
ืœืึธื–! ืœืึธื–! 

ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืœื™ื‘ ืื™ื ืžืขืจ ื‘ืขืช ืขืจ ืฉื™ืœื˜, ื•ื™ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจ ื‘ืขื ื˜ืฉื˜... 
ื–ืข, ื–ืข, ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื’ืขืžืึทื›ื˜ ืขืก ื’ื™ืš, 

ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื’ื™ืš ื’ืขืขื ื“ืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš... 

ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืœื™ื‘ ืื™ื, 

ื“ืขืžืขืŸ 

ืึทื ื˜ืงืขื’ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืžืขืŸ-- 

ื”ืึธืกื˜ ืฉืึทืจืฃ ืึทื–ืฑ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ... 

ืœืึธื– ืฆื• ืจื•, 

ืจ'ืื™ื– ื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืจื™ืงืขืจ ื ืึธืš ื•ื™ ืื™ืš, 

ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทืคึผืขืœื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืœ ืžืขืจ ื•ื™ ื“ื•! 
ื”ืึธ! ื”ืึธ! 


238 


ืฉืžืขื™ื” ื™ืึธ! 

ืขืจ ื˜ืจื™ื ืงื˜ ืึทืœื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื›ึผื•ืก ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ื™ื˜ืขืจืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ืก- 
ืึทืœืฒืŸ, ืึทืœืฒื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฆืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืคึผื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ, 
ืึทืจืฑืคื’ืขืฉืœืขืคึผื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ื™ืš ื“ื™ ืคึผืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก, 
ื“ืขื ืขืœื ื˜ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ-- 

ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทืคึผืขืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืœ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื“ืึธืก ืœืขื‘ืŸ! 
(ืื™ืจืึธื ื™ืฉ) 

ื“ืึธืก ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ "ื“ืขืจืฐืฒึทืœ" -- 

ืขืก ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ื–ืขืœื‘ืข, ืฐื™ ืฉืœืึธืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขืื™ื™ืœ... 
ื ืึธืจ ืขืจ ืฐื™ ืขืจ-- 

ืื™ืš ืคืจื™ื™ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ืจ ื–ื™ืš ืžืขืจ-- 

ืื™ืš ืคืจื™ื™ ื–ื™ืš ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืš ื–ืข ื“ื™ืš ืฐื™ื“ืขืจ! 

ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืœ ื•ื™ ืึท ื“ืึธืจืŸ 

ืึท ืฉื˜ืขืจื•ื ื’ ืžื™ืจ ื›ึผืœ-ื–ืžืŸ ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืึธ, 
ืžืฒึทืŸ ืงื™ื“ืขืจ-ืฐื™ื“ืขืจ! 

ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืคึผืœื•ืฆืœื™ื ื’ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ 

ืื•ืŸ ืึทืœืฅ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืขื ื“ืขืจื˜... 

ื“ื•, ื“ื•... 

ื•ื™ ื ืึธืจ ื“ื•. ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืึทื ื˜ืœืึธืคืŸ 

ื”ืึธืกื˜ื• ื’ืขืคืขืœื˜ ืžื™ืจ, 

ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื”ืึทื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืจื•, 

ืขื ื’ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื™ื– ืึธืŸ ื“ื™ืจ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ืžื™ืจ... 

ื“ื•, ื“ื•... 

ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ื“ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฉืœืึธืคืŸ -- 

ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฉืœืึธืคืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื”ืึทื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืจื•... 
ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืงื•ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืœืึธืฃ ืžื™ืš ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขืจื™ืกืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทื›ืŸ ืžื™ืš ืคืึทืจื˜ื•ื™ื‘ื˜.., 

ืื™ืŸ ื—ืœื•ื ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืฐืึธืจ-- 

ืฆื• ืึทืœ ื“ื™ ื’ื•ื˜ืข ื™ืึธืจ! 

ืฐืึธืก ื–ืึธืœ'ืก ื‘ืึทื“ืฒึทื˜ืŸ? 

ืื™ืš ื”ื™ื™ื‘'ืก ื ื™ื˜ ืึธืŸ ืฆื• ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ. 

ืื™ื–'ืก ื“ื™ ืœื™ื‘ืข ืžืฒึทื ืข ืฆื• ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืคืจื•ื™? ืžืฒึทืŸ ืœื™ื‘ืข 
ืฆื• ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืจ ื’ืึธืจ? 


ื•ื–ืŸ 
/ึตืœืจ 
ื“ื™ 
*ึตืœื• 


239 


ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื’ืœื•ื™ื‘ื˜! 
ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืืฑืกื’ืขืœืึทื›ื˜? 
ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืœืึทื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืึธื ื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื–ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืŸ? 
ืฐืึธืก? ืฐืึธืก? 
ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืกื™ื‘ื”? 
ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืึทื–ืฑ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ? 
ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืจื• ื’ืขืจืฑื™ื‘ื˜? - 
ืžื™ืš ืื•ืžืจื•ื™ืง ื’ืขืžืึทื›ื˜? 
ืคืึทืจ ืฐืึธืก? 
ืคืึทืจ ืฐืึธืก? ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื’ืขืคืจืขื’ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืžืฒึทื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจื“ืจืึธืก, 
(ืฐืฒึทื™ื–ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื”ื“ืกื”ืŸ) 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึท ืฉืึธื˜ืŸ ืฆืขืฐื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืื•ื ื“ื– ืึทืจืฒึทื ื’ืขืฉืœืฒึทื›ื˜... 
ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืขืŸ? 
ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื“ืŸ, ืฉืžืขื™ื”, ืื™ื–'ืก ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ, 
ื“ืฒื™ืŸ ืึทื ื˜ืงื•ืžืขืŸ! 
ืื™ืฆื˜ ื‘ื™ืกื˜ื• ื“ืึธ, ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ! 
ื“ื• ื•ื•ืขืกื˜ ื“ืึธ ื–ืฒึทืŸ! 
ืึธ, ืคืจื•ื™, 
ื“ืขืจ ืฉืึธื˜ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– -- ื–ืข, ื–ืข, ืขืจ ืฐืฒึทื›ื˜.- 
ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืึธืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ืฒึทื ืขื ืคืึทืœื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืคืจื™ึดืขืจื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืฉืฒึทืŸ, 
ืžื™ืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืœืฒึทื›ื˜, 
ืื™ืš ืคืึธืจืฉ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜, ืื™ืš ืคืจืขื’ ื ื™ื˜-- 
ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ื“ืึธ! ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ื“ืึธ! 
ืžืฒึทืŸ ืงืขื’ื ืขืจ! 
ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืžื™ืจ, ืžื™ืจ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข-- 
ื™ืึธ! 
ืžืฒึทืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ื“ ืฐืึธืก ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขืจื•ื™ื‘ื˜-- 
ืžืฒึทืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ื“ ืื™ื– ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ื’ืึทื ืฅ, 
ื•ื™ ื–ื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืžืœื‘ืœื•ื™, 
ื•ื™ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ื™ ืคืจื•ื™ 
ื“ื™ ืคืจื•ื™ ืื™ื– ืžื™ืจ ื“ืขืจืœื•ื™ื‘ื˜ 
ื“ื™ ืคืจื•ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื‘ืข ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ื“ืŸ, 
ืึธื˜ ืœืึธื– ืื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื˜ืึทื ืฅ ื–ื™ืš: ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื˜ืึทื ืฅ - 
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ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ื“ืึธ! 
ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืคืึทืจ ืžื™ืจ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื“ืขื, ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืžืขืŸ ืื™ืš ืคื™ืจ ืงืจื™ื’! 
ื›'ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื•ื ืงืึทืžืฃ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืœื™ื™ื‘ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื’! 
ืึธ, ื’ื•ื˜ ืฐืึธืก ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ื“ืึธ... 
ืึธ, ืฉืžืขื™ื”, ืฉืžืขื™ื”, ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ ื“ืึธืš ืึทื–ืฑ, 
ืึทื–ืฑ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธื ื˜ ืึทื–ืฑ, ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืฒื™ื“ืข! 
ื–ืึธื’, ืฉืžืขื™ื”, ื–ืึธื’, ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืึทื ืขืŸ?-- 
ืฉืžืขื™ื” (ื–ืขืฆื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจืฉืœืึธื’ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ) 
ื”ื“ืกื” | (ืคืึทืจื‘ืขื ืงื˜, ื’ืขื”ื™ื™ืžืขื ื™ืฉืคื•ืœ ืงื•ืงื ื“ื™ืง ืื•ื™ืฃ ืฉืžืขื™ื”ืŸ, ื˜ื•ืœื™ืขื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ืึทื—ืึธื‘ึฟืŸ) 
ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทื ืขืŸ-- 
ืื™ืฆื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜. 
ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ืœ ื ื™ื˜ ืจื™ื™ื“ืŸ 
ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–, ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืŸ -- (ืจื•ืคื˜ ืื•ื™ืก) 
ื ืึธืš ื™ืขืฆื˜! ื ืึธืš ื™ืขืฆื˜! 
ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืื™ืš 
ื’ืขืœืึธื–ืŸ ื“ื™ืš 
ืื•ืŸ ืึทืฐืขืง ืฆื• ืื™ื! 


ืฉืžืขื™ื” (ื•ื•ื™ ืขืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขื–ื•ื›ื˜ ืฉื•ืฅ) 
ืึทื—ืึธื‘! 
ื”ื“ืกื” ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื! 


ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื -- ืึท ืคืจื™ื™ื“! 

ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ื™ื“ -- ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืฒึท ื“ื™ืจ, ื–ื™ ืฐื•ื™ื ื˜ ื‘ืฒึท ืื™ื... 
ื–ื™ ืงื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ืึทืจืฑืก ื˜ื™ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ืœื™ื™ื“-- 
ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ื™ืš! 

ื–ื™ ื’ื™ืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื˜ืจื•ื™'ืจื™ืงืข ืึทืจืฑืก ื–ื™ืš, 
ืขืก ืคืึทืœื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืœืึทืกืŸ, ืื•ืžืขื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขื–ื™ื›ื˜ 
ืึท ืœื™ื›ื˜, 

ืึท ืคืจื™ื™ืœืขื›ืข, ืึท ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข, 

ื–ื™ ื˜ืจื™ืคื˜, ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฆืขืฐื™ื™ื˜ืึธื’ื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืœ, 
ืึทืจืึธืคึผ ืื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืžื•ื™ืœ, 

ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืœ ืื•ืŸ ืจื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ืคึผ-- 

ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ื ืœื™ื‘! (ื ืขืžื˜ ืึทืจื•ื ืึทื—ืึธื‘ืŸ) 


241 


ืฉืžืขื™ื” 


ื”ื“ืกื” 


ืฉืžืขื™ื” 


ืฉืžืขื™ื” 


ื”ื“ืกื” 


ืฉืžืขื™ื” 
ื”ื“ืกื” โ€ 


ื›'ื•ื•ื™ืœ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืœืึทื›ืŸ! 

(ื‘ืขื˜ ื–ื™ืš) 

ืึทืึธื‘! 

ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื! (ืฆื• ืฉืžืขื™ื”ืŸ) 

ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ ืฆื• ื“ื™ืจ ื ืึธืš ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ 
ืฉื˜ื™ืœืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜, 

ืื™ืŸ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืœืึธืฃ, ืื™ืŸ ื˜ื™ืคืŸ 

ืื•ืŸ ืงื•ืฉ ื“ื™ืจ ืื™ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืœืขื›ืฆืŸ 

ืื•ื™ืก ื“ื™ ื’ืœื™ื“ืขืจ, 

ื“ื• ืฐืขืกื˜ ืึท ืฉืœืึธืคื ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืขื›ืฆืŸ- โ€ 

ืื™ืš, ืึทืจื•ื ื“ื™ืจ, ืึท ืฐืึทื›ืขื“ื™ืงืข, ืฐืขืœ ืื™ืš ืฉื˜ื™ืคืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ืืฒึทื ืึธื˜ื™ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ื™ื“, ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ื™ื“ 

ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืฒึทื ืข ื˜ื™ืคืข ืงืจืขื›ืฆืŸ!... 

ืื™ืš ืฉื ืฒึทื“, ืฐื•'ืึท ื–ื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ืจ ื–ื™ืš ืืฒึทืŸ, 

ื•ื™ ื”ืขืœ ืึท ืฉืฒึทืŸ 

ืฐืึธืก ืจืฒึทืกื˜ ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืึท. ืฐืึธืœืงืŸ, 

ืึท ืฐืึธืœืงืŸ! ืฐืึธืœืงืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ! (ื–ื™ ืงืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืžืขื™ื”ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืœื˜ ืฆื• ืคึผืึทืจื—ืœืฉื˜ ืฆื• ืึทื—ืึธื‘ื˜ ืึทืงืกืœ) 
ืึธ, ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ืœ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ! 

ื‘ืขื˜ ื“ื• ืื™ืจ, ื“ื•-- ื“ื™ืš ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ ืคึผืึธืœื’ืŸ -- 

ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืš ืึท ืžืึธืœ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื–ืŸ ืคืจืฒึทื™ื ื“... 

ืื•ื™ืš ื”ืฒึทื ื˜! 

ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื“ื™ืš ืœื™ื‘, ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืื•ืžืขื˜ ืคืฒึทื ื˜! 
ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ื ืœื™ื‘, ื–ืฒึทื™ืŸ ืื•ืžืขื˜-- (ืจืฒึทืกื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ืฉืžืขื™ื”ืŸ) 


ืึธ, ื ืขื ืึทืจื•ื ืžื™ืš! 


(ืฉืžืึทืจืฆื”ืึทืคื˜) 
ืœืึธื– ืึธืคึผ. 
ืึธ ืœื™ื™ื’ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ 
ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืจื•ื™'ืจื™ืงืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืจื•ืกื˜, 
ืœื™ื™ื’ ืฆื• ืฆื•ื ืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื“ืึธืก ืคืฒึทืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืงื™ืœืขืจ ืœื™ืคึผ-- 
ื“ื• ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜, ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืึทืš ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื• ืฐืึธืœืกื˜ ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜ 
ื•ื™ ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ื“ื™ืš ืœื™ื‘ื•ึผ 
ืึธ, ืœืึธื– ืžื™ืš, ืœืึธื–-- 
ืึท ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ ืื™ื– ืงื™ืœ, 
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ืฉืžืขื™ื” 


ืขืจ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืขืจื’ืขืฅ ืฐื•ึผ ื’ืขื”ื™ื™ื ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืœ 

ืฆื• ืฉื•ื•ืขื‘ืŸ, 

ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืœืึธื–ื˜ ืึท ืœืขื‘ืŸ 

ื”ื™ื™ืก ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืจืึธื– -- 

ื‘ืœืึธื–ื™ ื‘ืœืึธื–! 

ืึธ ืื•ืžืขื˜ื™ืงืขืจ, ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืขื ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜, 

ืึธ, ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ ื“ื• ืžืฒึทืŸ, 

ื ื™ื˜ ืžืฒึทื“ ืžื™ืš ืื•ื™ืก, 

ืจืฒึทืก ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทื”ืขืœื˜ืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืข ื–ื™ืš ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ, 

ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืก ืฆื• ืžื™ืจ, ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืก! 

ื“ืขืง ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคืœื™ื’ืœืขืŸ ืฆื• ืžื™ืš, ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืข.,. (ืฉืคึผืึทืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคืึทืจืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ืคืœื˜ ืึธืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึทื—ืึธื‘ืŸ) 
ืึธ, ืฉื˜ื•ื™ืก ืžื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึธืจืขืžืก ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืฆืฐื™ื™ื˜ืŸ! 
ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก, ื“ื• ืฐื™ืœืกื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืœ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“! 
ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืžื™ืš! ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืžื™ืš! ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ 

ืึท ื’ืจืขื–ืœ ื’ืจื™ืŸ, 

ืคืึทืจืฉืžืึทื›ื˜, 

ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืœืก ื–ื•ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืจืขื ื˜ -- 

ืื™ืš ืฉื˜ืจืขืง ืฆื• ื“ื™ืจ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜: 

ืึธ ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜! 

ืึธ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจืึทื›ื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื’ืœื•ืกื˜ื•ื ื’, ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจืึทื›ื˜... 
ืื™ืš ื’ืึทืจ ื“ื™ืš, ื’ืึทืจ, ื’ื™ ืื•ื™ืก ื ืึธืš ื“ื™ืจ ืื•ืŸ ืœืขื›ืฅ, 
ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืข ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ืก, 

ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื ื“... 

ื•ื•ื™ื™,,, ื•ื•ื™ื™... 

ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืขืจื’ืขืจ ื ืึธืš ืฐื™ ืขืจ! 

ืขืจ ืจืขื“ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืื™ื“ื™ื™ 

ืึท ืคืึทืœืฉืขืจ, ื™ืึธ, ืฆื™ ืฐื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ ืฆื™ ืžืขืจ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ -- 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ื•-- ืขืก ืจืขื“ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ืจ ืึทืจืฑืก 

ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืชึผืื•ื•ื” ื’ืจื•ื™ืก, 

ื ื™ื˜ ืžืขืจ! 

ื“ื• ืงืขื ืกื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืึทื”ืขืจืฉืŸ... 

ืก'ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืจ ื ืึธืจ, ื ื™ื˜ ื ืึธืจ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืื•ืžืขื˜-- 
ืึธ, ืงื•ืง ืึทืจื•ื ื–ื™ืš-- 


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ื”ื“ืกื” 


ืฉืžืขื™ื” 


ื”ื“ืกื” 


ืฉืžืขื™ื” 


ื”ื“ืกื” 


ืฉืžืขื™ื” 


ื”ื“ืกื” 
ืฉืžืขื™ื” 


ื“ื• ืงื•ืง ื–ื™ืš ื ืึธืจ ืึทืจื•ื 
ืื•ื™ืฃ ืคืึทืจื˜ืจื™ื‘ืขื ืข, ืื•ื™ืฃ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ -- 
ืึท ืคืึธืœืง ืงื•ืžื˜ ืื•ื... 
ืคืึทืจืคืึทืœืŸ! 
ืคืขืœืงืขืจ ื•ื™ ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื -- 
ืขืก ืฉื˜ืึทืจื‘ืŸ ืึทืœืข! 
ืขืก ืฉื˜ืึทืจื‘ื˜ ืึท ื’ื•ื™, ืึท ื™ื™ึดื“-- 
ืึทื™ืขื“ืขืก ืคืึธืœืง ืื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ! 
ืฐืึธืก ืคืจืขื’ืกื˜ื• ืื•ื™ืฃ ืขื–ืจื™ื”ืŸ ื ื™ื˜? 
ืื™ืš ืคืจืขื’ ื ื™ื˜ ื ืึธืš ืื•ื™ืฃ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš, ืื•ื™ืŸืฃ ื™ื™ึดื“}ื™ืฉืข ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืœ-- 
ืžืขื’ ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื–ื•ืŸ... 
ื•ื•ื™ื™ ื“ืขื ื–ื•ืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืึธื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืึท ื ื‘ื™ื! 
ืจ'ืื™ื– ืฉื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฐื™ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจื’ืึทื ื’ืขื ืข, ื“ื™ ื–ื•ืŸ 
(ืื•ืžืจื•ื™ึดืง) 
ืคืึทืจ ืฐืึธืก ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ? ืคืึทืจ ืฐืึธืก ืฐื™ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจื’ืึทื ื’ืขื ืข? ื–ืึธื’, ื–ืึธื’ื• 
ืจ'ืื™ื– ืฉื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ, ื•ื™ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึทืจื’ืึทื ื’ืขื ืขืจ, ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’-- 
ื•ื• ืื™ื– ืขื–ืจื™ื”, ื–ืึธื’! 
ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึธืจื‘ืŸ... ื–ื™ ืœืึธื–ื˜ ืึทืจืึธืคึผ ื“ืขื ืงืึธืคึผ. ืคึผืฑื™ื–ื•ืขืŸ) 
ื ื™ื˜ ืงืœืึธื’! 
ื ื™ื˜ ืฐื™ื™ืŸ! 
ื ื™ื˜ ื’ื™ืก ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืจืขืจืŸ-- 
ืฉื˜ืึทืจื‘ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืคืึทืจื’ื™ื™ืŸ, 
ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ-- 
ืก'ืื™ื– ื˜ืึทืงืข ืฉืœืขื›ื˜, 
ืขืก ื’ื™ื™ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ, 
ืขืก ืœืขืฉืŸ ืื•ื™ืก ื–ื™ืš ื–ื•ื ืขืŸ-- 
ื™ื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืจื•ื˜ ื•ื™ ืฆื•ื ื˜ืขืจ, 
ืก'ืคืึทืœืŸ ืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ, 
ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืฆืขืจื•ื ืขืŸ... 
ืก'ืื™ื– ื˜ืึทืงืข ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ -- 
ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ืจืขื‘ืŸ -- 
ืื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ืึธ! - 
ืขืจื’ืขืจ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ 
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ืืœื• 


ื•11 


ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืึทืจืงื ืขื›ื˜... 
ืขืจื’ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื“ืึธ, 
-- ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืœ -- ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืจืฒื™-ื–ืฒึทื™ืŸ! 
ืžื™ืจ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ื™ื™ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ... (ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜) 
ื‘ืึทืคึผืจืฒึท ืื•ื ื“ื–, ื’ืึธื˜-- ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืึทืฐืฒึทื–ืŸ 
ืฐื•ึผื ื“ืขืจ! 
ื•ื• ื“ื•! ืฐื™ ื“ื•ื™ 
ืœืึธื– ืฐื•ื™ื ืขืŸ 
ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืคืจืฒึทื™ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ื ืื•ื ื“ื– ืื•ืŸ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืฒึทื™ืกื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืจื•-- 
ืžื™ืจ ืฐืขืœืŸ ืฉืึทืคืŸ! 
ื•ื™ ื“ื•! ืฐื•ื™ ื“ื•ื™ 
ืื•ืŸ ืคืขืœืงืขืจ ืฐืขืœืŸ ื’ืึทืคืŸ, 
ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื™ื ืขืŸ -- 
ืงื•ื™ื ืขืก ื’ืœื™ื™ื‘ืŸ: 
"ืึทื–ืฑ ื–ืึธืœ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึท ืคืึธืœืง ื“ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ!" 
ื‘ืึทืคึผืจืฒึท ืื•ื ื“ื–, ื’ืึธื˜, ื‘ืึทืคึผืจื™ื™! 
ืึธ ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืคืึทืœืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทื ืฒ. 
ื‘ืึทืคืจืฒึท ื–ื™ืš ื“ื• ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึทืจื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ื™ื™ ืึทืœืข! 
ื‘ืึทืคึผืจื™ึทื™ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืงื•ืžื˜ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืขืจ ืึธืŸ ื•ื™ ืคึฟืจืฒึท-ื–ืฒึทืŸ; 
ืคืจืฒื™-ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืงืขืŸ ืึท ืฐืึทืœื“ ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ื™ื™ืžืขืจ ืื•ื™ืš, 
ืื•ื™ืš ืฉื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ื”ืึธืœืฅ, 
ื•ื•ืขืจ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืคืจืฒึทื™ ืฐืึทืงืกื˜ ื˜ืึทืงืข ื”ื•ื™ืš 
ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ื‘ืžื™ืœื ืฉื˜ืึธืœืฅ... 
ืื•ื™ืฃ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืคืจื™ึทื™ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืึทืจืฃ ืžืขืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืึทืŸ ืืฒึทื–ืŸ -- 
ื–ืฒึท ืึทืŸ ืืฒึทื–ืŸ! 
ืฐืึทืจืฃ ืึทืŸ ืืฒึทื–ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืฒึทื™ืขืจ 
ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทืคืจืฒึท ื–ื™ืš! 
ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืฉื˜ืึทืจืง ื’ืขื ื•ื’, 
ืื•ืŸ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืฐื•ึผื ื“ืขืจืŸ ื“ืฒึทึทืŸ ืงืจืึทืคื˜, 
ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืจื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– ืึท ื˜ืจื•ื™'ืจื™ืงืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืงืœื•ื’, 
ืึท ื˜ืจื•ื™'ืจื™ืงืขืจ ื“ืขืจืฉื˜ื™ืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ื™ ืœืฒึทื“ื ืฉืึทืคื˜... 
ืœืึธื–ืกื˜ ื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืจื™ืง ืึทืจืึธืคึผ 
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ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ-- 
ื“ื• ื–ืึธื’ืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ื“ืŸ, ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืœืึทื ื’ืขืŸ ืœืฒึทื˜ื–ืขืœื™ืง ื–ื™ืš ืึธืคึผ... 
ืึธ, ื’ื™ื‘ ืึท ืงื•ืง: (ืขืจ ืจืฒึทืกื˜ ืึทืจืึธืคึผ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื”ื“ืกื”ืก ื‘ืจื•ืกื˜ ืึท ืฉืœื™ื™ืขืจ) 
ืึทืจืึธืคึผ ื“ืขื ืฉืžื•ืง! 
ืึทืจืึธืคึผ ื“ื™ ืฉืžืึธื›ื˜ืขืก ืึทืœืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืกื˜! 
ื–ืข, ื–ืข: ืฆื™ ื”ืึธืกื˜ื• ื–ื™ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึทื–ืฑ? 
ื–ื™ ื’ืœื•ืกื˜ -- 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ื•-- ื“ื• ื’ืœื•ืกื˜ ื“ืึธืš ืื•ื™ืš! 
ื‘ืึทืœืขื‘ ื–ื™ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืฒื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืš, 
ื‘ืึทื’ื™ืก ื–ื™ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื˜ื•ื™, 
ืคืึทืจืฆื™ื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืจ ืึท ื‘ืœืึทื˜, ืคืึทืจืฆื™ื˜ืขืจ, 
ืึธ, ืงืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืึธืคึผ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื“ืฒึทื ืข, ื ื™ื˜ืข, 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื™ื“ืขืœืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืฆืึทืจื˜ืขืจ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืฐืฒึทื‘ -- 

ืฉืžืขื™ื” ืึทืกื˜ืึทืจื˜ืข! 

ืึทื—ืึธื‘ ืงื•ืง ืึธืŸ ื–ื™-- : 
ืก'ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผื ื™ื, 
ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืœืฒึทื‘! 
ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ืžืœื˜ื™ืฃ ืคืึทืจืงืœืขืจื˜, 
ื“ื™ ื”ืขืจืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืึทืœืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“, 
ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืฆืขื’ืึธืก'ื ืข ื™ืžื™ื-- 
ืึทืœืฅ ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ! 
ืงื•ืง, ืงื•ืง ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืืฒึทืŸ! 
ื˜ื•ืง, ื˜ื•ืง ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฉืฒึทืŸ, 
ื˜ื•ืง ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ, 
ืื•ืŸ ืฐืขืจ ืžื•ื ื˜ืขืจ, 
ื“ื™ ืœื™ืคึผืŸ ืคืจื™ืฉ ื‘ืึทื˜ืฑื˜, 
ื“ื™ ืœื™ืคึผืŸ ืจื•ื™ื˜-- 
ืึท ื‘ืึทืœื–ืึทื! 
ืงื•ืง ื“ืขื ื”ืึทืœื“ื– ืึธืŸ - 
ืึท ืฐืึทืจื™ืžืขืจ 
ืžืึทืจืžืึธืจ 
ืื•ืŸ ืฐืฒึทืก ื“ื™ ืึทืงืกืœืขืŸ -- 

246 


ืฉืžืขื™ื” 
ืึทื—ืึธื‘ 


ื–ืข, ื–ืข, ื“ื™ ื’ืึทื ืฆืข ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ื–ื™ ื”ืขื ื’ื˜ ื–ื™ืš-- 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืึท ืคืึทืจื—ืœื•ืžื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจื‘ืขื ืงื˜ืข, 
ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขื”ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ืจืข ืึทืงืกืœืขืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึทืงืกื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึทืœื˜ ืึทืœืฅ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืงืกืŸ! 
ืขืก ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ืึทื ืฆืข ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ื“ืขืจื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ! 
ืงื•ืง ืึธืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ 
ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ืจ ื‘ืจื•ืกื˜-- 
ื“ื™ ื˜ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขื“ืขืงื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื™ ืคืึทืจื‘ืึธืจื’ืŸ, 
ืคืึทืจื’ื™ื™ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ื’ื™ื™ืขืŸ ืืฑืฃ ืื™ืŸ ืœื•ืกื˜-- 
ืื•ืŸ ื•ื™ ื–ื™ ืฐืึธืœื˜ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜.., 
ื–ื™ื™ ืฉืฐืฒึทื’ืŸ-ืฉืฐื•ืฒึทื’ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื™ ื–ื™ื™ ืฐืึธืœื˜ืŸ ืฐืึธืจืงืขืŸ-- 
ืฉื˜ื•ื ืึทื–ืฑ 
ืื•ืŸ ืคืจื•ื ืึทื–ืฑ 
ืื•ืŸ ื•ื™ ื–ื™ื™ ืฐืึธืœื˜ืŸ ืฐืึทืจื˜ืŸ -- 
ืึทืกื˜ืึทืจื˜ืข! 
ื“ืฒึทื™ืŸ ืฐืฒึทื‘! 
ื ื™ื˜ ื˜ืจืฒึทื‘, 
ื ื™ื˜ ื˜ืจืฒึทื‘ ืื™ืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืข ืึธืจืขืžืก ื–ื™, ื ื™ื˜ ื’ื™ื‘ 
ื–ื™ ืžื™ืจ ืึทืฐืขืง... ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื–ื™ ืœื™ื‘! 
ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ื–ื™ ืฉื˜ืึทืจืงืขืจ ืœื™ื‘, ื•ื™ ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ืš... 
ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื–ื™ ืœื™ื‘ ืึทื–ืฑ ื•ื™ ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ืš.., 
ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืื•ืžืขื˜ ืฐืึทืจืคื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ืจ ืึท ืคืจื™ื™ื“ ืึธืŸ, 
ื–ื™ ืขืกื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฆืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืฒึทื ืขื ืืฒึทืŸ ื–ื™ืš 
ื—ื•ื•ื” ืื™ื ืขื ืขืคึผืœ ืคื•ื ืขื ื˜ื•ื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืŸ ื’ืŸ-ืขื“ืŸ 
ืจ'ืื™ื– ื•ื™ ืึท ืฐืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืจ! 
ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ื™ื˜ืขืจืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ืฆืขืจ-- ืขืจ ืฉืžืขืงื˜ ืื™ืจ ื–ื™ืก, 
ื–ื™ ื˜ืจื™ื ืงื˜ ืื™ื ืื•ืŸ ืฐื•ืขืจื˜ ืคืจื™ื™ื“ื™ืง! 
ืžืฒึทืŸ ืคื•ืœืข ืคืจื™ื™ื“ ืื™ื– ืื™ืจ ืึท ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื•ื•ื™ืกื˜, 
ืึท ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืœื™ื™ื“ื™ืงื˜-ืœื™ื™ื“ื™ืง. 
ืื™ืš ืงืขืŸ ืขืก ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, 
ื“ื• ืื•ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜, ื ื™ื™ืŸ... ืก'ืึท ืกื•ื“! 
ื–ื™ ืึทืœื™ื™ืŸ -- 
ื–ื™ ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื›'ืก ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจืŸ... 
247 


ืึธ ื’ืึธื˜! | 

ืื™ืš ื›ืึทืคึผ ื“ื™ ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ืื•ื™ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืฒึทื ืข ืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ -- 

ืื™ืš ื“ืขืจื’ืจื•ื ื˜ืขื•ื•ืข ื“ื™ ื™ืžื™ื ื“ืฒึทื ืข ื˜ื™ืฃ, 

ื ื™ื˜ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ืึธืก ื’ืขืžื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืจืฒึทื ื“, ืคื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืขื ื˜ืจื™ื‘, 
ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืึธืก ื”ืึทืจืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืจื•ื™, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืœื™ื‘... 

ืื™ืš ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืึทืœืฒืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ื“ ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจืŸ! 

ืึธ, ืฉื˜ื•ื™ืก ื–ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืข ืึธืจืขืžืก-- 

ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื–ื™ ืœื™ื‘! 

ืื•ืŸ ืฐืฒึทืœ ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื–ื™ ืœื™ื‘ -- ื–ืึธื’ ืื™ืš ื–ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืึถืคึผ... 
ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืึธืŸ ืื™ืจ ืจืฒึทืš, ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ ืžื™ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืื™ื–-- ืึธืจืขื... 
ืื™ืš ืคืึทืœ ื‘ืฒึท ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ 

ื ื™ื˜ ืึทืจืึธืคึผ, 

ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืื™ื– ืžืฒึทืŸ ืœื™ื‘ืข.- 

ืžืฒึทื ืข ืคืจื™ื™ื“ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ืฐืึทืงืกืŸ ืื™ืจ ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจ-- 


ื”ืขืจื˜, ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ, ื”ืขืจื˜: 

ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืœื™ื‘ ื’ืขื”ืึทื˜ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”, ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ื•ื™ ืขืจ, 

ืื•ืŸ ืืคืฉืจ ืžืขืจ.... 

ื›'ื–ืึธื’ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืึธืคึผ ื–ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืœื™ื‘ืข ืฆื• ืึท ืœืึทื ื“ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืจ'ืขืจื“, 
ื•ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืœื™ื‘ืข ืฆื• ืึท ืคืจื•ื™! 

ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขืจื•ื™ื‘ื˜ -- 

ืื™ื– ื‘ื‘ืœ ื“ืึธ! 

ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืึธืžืขืจ -- ืึทืš, ืขืก ื–ืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืขื”, 
ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื‘ื‘ืœ ืžื™ืจ ืฆืขืฉื˜ืขืจื˜ - 

ืฐืขื˜ ืคึผืจืก ื–ืฒึทืŸ! ืฐืขื˜ ืžื“ื™ ื–ืฒึทืŸ! 

ื•ืฐื•ืขื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืึทื ืฆืข ืฐืขืœื˜! 

ื”ืขืจื˜, ื”ืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืฒึทืŸ: 

ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืึทืจื™ืจื˜ ืžื™ืš, ืึธื ื’ืขืจื™ืจื˜ ื’ืึธื˜ืก ื”ืึทื ื˜, 
ื’ืึธื˜ ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืฆื• ืžื™ืจ ืึทื–ืฑ: โ€ . 

ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืฆืขืฉื˜ืขืจื˜ ืึท ืœืึทื ื“ ืืฒึทืš, ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ืึท ืœืึทื ื“, 
ืื•ืŸ ื’ื™ื‘ ืืฒึทืš ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜! 

ื’ืฒื˜, ื‘ืจืขื ื’ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ื™ื“ืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืข ื”ืขืœ, 

ืื•ื™ืฃ ื’ืึธืจ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“! 


8 


ืื™ืŸ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื•ืช ืฐืฒึทื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื™ืžื™ื, 

ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ื”ืขืง, ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืฆืขืœื˜ -- 

ืคืจื™ื™ื“! 

ืก'ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ -- ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ื“ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ ืžืึทืžืข! 
ืก'ืื™ื– ื ืึทืจื™ืฉ ืืฒึทืขืจ ืื•ื™ืคื˜ื• ืื•ืŸ ืืฒึทืขืจืข ื“ื™ ืจื™ื™ื“-- 
ืงื•ื™ื ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขื–ืึทืคึผื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืคืจื™ื™ื“... 
ื’ืขื–ืึทื ื’? ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื–ืึทื ื’? 

ืคึผื•ืกื˜ ืึท ืงืœืึทื ื’-- 

ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– ืžื™ื˜ ืืฒึทืขืจ ืคืจื™ื™ื“ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืึทื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ. 
ื“ืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืฉืœืึทื ื’ 

ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื‘ืึทื”ืึทืœื˜ืขื ืขื ืึท ืฉืคึผืึทืก 

ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืžื™ื ืข ืึท ื’ืขืžืึทื›ื˜ืข-ืคืจื•ืžืข 

ื“ืขื ื’ืึทื ืฆืŸ ืืžืช ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืคืจื•ื™, 

ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืึทื–ืฑ: 

"ื“ืขืจ ืขืฅ-ื”ื“ืขืช!" 

ืขืจ, ืžืึทื›ื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืœืขืš ืืฒึทืš! 

ืื™ืš ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ืื™ืš ื–ืึธื’: ืคืจื™ื™ื“! 

ืžืึทื›ื˜ ื’ืœืฒึทืš ืืฒื™ืš, ื’ืœืฒึทืš 

ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืึธื˜... 

ื”ืขืจื˜ ืžืฒึทื ืข ืจื™ื™ื“: 

ืคืจื™ื™ื“ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื™ืกื•ื“! 

ืคืจื™ื™ื“ ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจื˜, ื“ืขืงื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ, ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื“ืขื ื‘ืึทืฉืฒื“ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืกื•ื“, 

ืžืึทื›ื˜ ืขื ืœืขืš ืืฒึทื™ืš ืฆื• ื’ืึธื˜, 

ื’ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืžืœ ื“ืึธืจื˜, ืื™ืจ ื“ืึธ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืจ'ืขืจื“! 
ืฉืึทืคื˜! ื–ืฒึทื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ื“ ืžืฆืœื™ื—, ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจืคืึธืœื’, 
ื•ื™ ืขืจ! 

ื”ืขืจื˜, ื”ืขืจื˜-- 

ืื™ืจ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืคืึธืœืง! 

ืื™ืจ ื–ืึธืœื˜ ืขืก ื”ืขืจืŸ: 

ื•ื•ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก, ืฆื™ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ 

ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ื˜ ื ืึธืš ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ... 


ื“ื™ ื’ื•ืœื™ื (ืจืขื›ื˜ืก ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ื ืงืก, ืžื•ืจืžืœืขืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืš, ืึทืžืคึผืขืจืŸ ื–ื™ืš) 


249 


ื•ืขืŸ 
154 
3 
7*ึตืœื• 


ืฉืžืขื™ื” 


ืื™ืจ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ! 

ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืจืึทื˜ืขืฐืขื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜ืข ืจื™ื™ื“-- 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื, 

ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื”ื•ืฉืขืŸ, ืขืžื•ืกืŸ, ื™ืฉืขื™ื”ืŸ-- 

ื ืขืžื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืึธืจื˜ 

ื“ืึธืก. ื”ื™ื™ืœื™ืงืข, ื“ืึธืก ืฐืึธืจื˜ 

ื“ืึธืก ื ืฒึทืข 

ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ื“! 

ืก'ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืืฒึทื™ืš ืึทืœืขืžืขืŸ -- ืึธ, ื’ืœื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื’ืœื™ื™ื‘ื™ืงืข, 
ืขืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืื™ ืืฒึทื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ื™ ืคืขืœืงืขืจ ื’ืขื‘ืŸ 
ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื™ื‘ื™ืงืข 

ื“ืึธืก ืœืขื‘ืŸ... 

ื’ืœื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื ื™ื˜, ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ, 

ื ื™ื˜ืึธ! ื ื™ื˜ืึธ ืึทื–ืึท ืึท ืคืจื™ื™ื“ 

ืฐืึธืก ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ืš 

ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื˜ืŸ... 

ืขืก ื‘ืฒึทื˜ืŸ, ื‘ืฒึทื˜ืŸ. 

ื–ื™ืš ื“ื™ ืฆืฒึทื˜ืŸ 


ืขืก ืื™ื– ืื•ื ื“ื– ื’ื•ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ, ื™ืขืฆื˜ ืื™ื– ืื•ื ื“ื– ื‘ื™ื˜ืขืจ... 
ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื•ื•ื•ื™ืœ-- 

ื™ืขืฆื˜ ืื™ื– ืื•ื ื“ื– ืฉืœืขื›ื˜; 

ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคืจืฒึทื™ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื™ืขืฆื˜-- ืึธ, ื’ืจื•ื™ืœ! 


ื™ืขืฆื˜ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืคืึทืจืงื ืขื›ื˜, 


ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ื“ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ื’ืึธืจ ืึธืŸ ืึท ืžืึธืก... 
ื”ืขืจื˜, ื”ืขืจื˜, ืึทื–ืฑ ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื’ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืึทืจ: 
ืื•ื™ื‘ ืืžืช ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ื™ื“, ืื™ื– ืืžืช ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืขืจ ืฆืขืจ! 
ื ื™ื˜ืึธ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ื“ ืึธืŸ "ืึท ืคืึทืจืฐืึธืก"? 
ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฆืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ืึธ ืึธืŸ ืึท "ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจ" (ืฐืฒึทื–ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึทื—ืึธื‘ืŸ) 
ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืึท ืคืึทืœืฉืขืจ ื ื‘ื™ื, ืคืึทืœืฉืข ืจื™ื™ื“! 
ื ื™ื˜ ืขืจ! ื ื™ื˜ ืขืจ! 
ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ื™ื“! 
ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื’ืขืœื•ื™ื›ื˜ืŸ ืžืขืจ... 
250 


ืืœื• 


ื•ืขืŸ 


ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกืŸ ื‘ืขืกืขืจ, ืžื™ืจ, ืฐืึธืก ืคืจื™ื™ื“ ืื™ื–-- 

ื“ืขืจ ืื•ืžืขื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืขืจ, ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืฆืขืจ ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืขื“ื•ืช! 
(ืคื™ึทื™ืขืจืœืขืš) 

ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืึทืจืฉืจื™ื’ืŸ ืžื™ืš ืฐืฒึทื˜ ืฐืฒึทื˜- 

ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืึทืœ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ 

ืคืึทืจ ืึท ื ื‘ื™ื ืคืึทืจ ืึท ืคืึทืœืฉืŸ 

ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคืึทืจ ื“ื™ ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื ืคืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืืžืชืข, 

ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืก ืžื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ืึทืœืข ืžืฒึทื ื™ืงืข ืึทื–ืฑ ืคืึทืจืฉืจื™ื’ืŸ, 
ื ืึธืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืžืขืก ืื™ื– 

ื“ืขืจ ืืžืช 

ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืžืขืก ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืœื™ื’ืŸ... 

ื–ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืึทืœืขืžืขืŸ, 

ื–ื™ื™ ืœื™ื’ืŸ 

ืื™ ื“ืขืจ ืืžืช, ืื™ ื“ืขืจ ืœื™ื’ืŸ 

ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื“ืขืจื”ื•ื™ื‘ืขื ืข, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืืฒึทืš-- ื’ืขืคืึทืœืขื ืข! 
ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ืืžืช ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ืึธื’ืŸ - } 
ืื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืืžืช ืคื•ืŸ ืืฒื™ื‘ื™ืงืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ; 
{ืื™ืŸ ืืฒึทื–ืขืจ ื™ืขืฆื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ืงืœืึธื’, 

(ืื™ืŸ ืืฒึทืขืจ} ื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืจื™ืง ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ืŸ, 

ืื™ื– ืืฒึทื™ืขืจ ืืžืช ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ! 

ื“ืขืจ ืืฒื™ื‘ื™ืงืขืจ, ื“ืขืจ ืœืขื‘ื ืกื‘ื•ื™ื 

ืฉื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึทืจืึธืคึผ ื•ื™ ืคื•ื™ืœืข ื‘ืœืขื˜ืขืจ 

ืฐืึธืก ื“ืจื™ืงืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ื ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ 

ื•ื™ ื‘ืจื•ื“ื™ืงืŸ ืฐื™ ืฉื•ื™ื, 

ืžืฒึทืŸ ืืžืช ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืš ื“ืขืจ 

ืฐืึธืก ื“ืึทืจืฃ ืขืจืฉื˜ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ! 

ืคืึทืจื ืขืžื˜! ืฐื•ื™ืœ ื“ืขื ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืึทืจื ื•ืžืขืŸ 

ื”ืขืจื˜! ื”ืขืจ -- ื•ื•ืขืจ ื”ืขืจืŸ ืงืึธืŸ! 

ื”ืขืจื˜ ืึทืŸ ืืžืช ื’ืจื•ื™ืก, 

ื”ืขืจื˜ ื“ืขื ื ื‘ื™ื: 

ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืคืึทืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืขืก ื ื™ื˜ ืึธืŸ, 

ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืึทื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืœ-- 

ืœืึธื–ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืขืก ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืก... 


21 


ืฉืžืขื™ื” 


ื‘ืœืึทื“ืŸ 
ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื‘ื‘ืœืขืจ 
ื‘ืœืึทื“ืŸ 


ืฉืจืืฆืจ 
ื‘ืœืึทื“ืŸ 
ืฉืจืืฆืจ 
ื‘ืœืึทื“ืŸ 
ืฉืจืืฆืจ 


ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ 
ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึทืœืข ืžืึธืœ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ืคืจื™ื™ื“ ื’ืขื”ืฒื™ืœื™ืงื˜! 
ืก'ืื™ื– ืืฒึทื™ืขืจ ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜, 
ืืฒึทืขืจ ื—ืœืง ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“, ืก'ืื™ื– ืืฒึทืขืจ ื—ืœืง! 
ืึธ, ื”ื™ื™ืœื˜ ืึทืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืง ืื•ื™ืก ืฐืึธืก ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืื™ื– 
ื“ื™ ืขืจื“ ื”ืึทืœื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ืขืก, 
ืก'ื”ืึทืœื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ืžืœ ื”ื•ื™ืš, 
ื”ืึทืœื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ืขืก ืื•ื™ืš... 
ืก'ืื™ื– ืืฒึทืขืจืข ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ื™ื“, ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ ืคืึทืจืงื ืกื˜ ื–ื™ืš. 
ื•ืจื•ืคื˜ ืื•ื™ื) 
ื›ึผืฉื‚ื“ื™ื! 
ื•ืงื•ืžื˜ ื”ืึทืกื˜ื™ืง ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืจืขื›ื˜ืก ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฒึท ื“ืขืจ ืึทืฐืึทื ืกืฆืขื ืข) 
(ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ื ื ืึธืš, ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘{ืŸ} ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืจืขื›ื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ื ืงืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜) 
(ืงื•ืงื˜ ืึทืจื•ื ื“ื™ ืขื“ื” ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืจื™ืขืจืขืก ื”ื•ื™ืš, ืฐืึทืจืคื˜ ืึท ื‘ืœื™ืง ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืžืฉืคึผื—ื” ืฐืึธืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืกืฆืขื ืข, 
ื•ื•ื™ื–ืึทืฐื™ ืื™ื) 
ืึท ืกืš! ืึท ืกืš! ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ืึธ ืึท ืกืš! 
ืื•ืŸ ืึทื–ืฑ ืจื™ืจืขื•ื•ื“ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ืึทื–ืฑ ืฐืึทืš, 
ืื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ืžืœื“ื™ืง ืึทื–ืฑ -- ื–ื™ื™ ื’ืจืึทื’ืขืจืŸ, 
ื‘ืึทืœืึทื’ืขืจืŸ 
ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืจืŸ 
ืึทืœืข ืžื•ื™ืขืจืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ืึทืœืข ืคึผืœืขืฆืขืจ-- 
ืฉืจืืฆืจ! 
ื•ืงื•ืžื˜, ื‘ืึทื’ืจื™ืกื˜ ื“ืขื ื”ืขื›ืขืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื, ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืืฑืกื’ืขื’ืœืฒึทื›ื˜) 
ื•ื™ ืœืึทื ื’ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืึทื– ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ืึธ ื“ื™ ื˜ื•ื™ืขืจืŸ ืคืึทืจืžืึทื›ื˜? 
ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทืœื“ !ืึทืŸ ืฐืึธืš. 
ืึท ืฐืึธืš! ืึท ืฐืึธืš-- ื™ืึธ, ืจื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง. 
ืฆื™ ื–ืึธืœ ืื™ืš ืขืค'ื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™? 
ื“ื• ื”ื™ื™ืก ืžื™ืจ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ื•ื•ืขืœ- 
ืื™ืš ืžื•ื–! 
ืื™ืš ื’ื™ื™! (ืงืœื™ื ื’ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืฉืœื™ืกืœืขืŸ) 
ืื™ืš ื“ืึทืจืฃ ืฆื• ืžืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ, 
ื ืึธืจ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืžืฒึทื ืขืจ ืึท ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื™ 
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ื‘ืœืึทื“ืŸ 


ืฉืจืืฆืจ 
ื‘ืœืึทื“ืŸ 


ื“ืึธ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืขืœ-- 

ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ ืขืค'ื ืขืŸ-ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ื™ืš ื•ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึทืœืฒืŸ. 
ื”ื™ื™ืก ืžื™ืจ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ื˜ื•ื™ืก, 

ืขืก ืื™ื– ืžืฒึทื™ืŸ ืคืœื™ื›ื˜! 

ื™ืึธ, ืจื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง-ืจื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง! 

ื ื™ื˜ ืขืคืŸ ื ืึธืš-- 

ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืœืข ืฐืึธืš, 

ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ืœื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง, 

ืฐืึทืจื˜ ื‘ื™ื– ืขืก ืคืึทืœื˜ ื’ืขื“ื™ื›ื˜ 

ืื•ืŸ ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื ืึทื›ื˜- 

ื ื™ื˜ ืขืคืขื ืขืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ืฑืขืจ ื›ึผืœื™ื–ืžืŸ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ื”ืขืœ! 
ืึทื–ืฑ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืคืขืœ! 

ื“ืขืจ ื˜ื•ื™ืขืจ "ืงื•ืฃ"! 

ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฉืคึผืึธืจ ืึทืจื•ืžื’ืขืจื™ื ื’ืœื˜ ืื™ื, ื“ืขื ื˜ื•ื™ืขืจ "ืงื•ืฃ"... 
ืื•ืŸ ืฐื™ ืก'ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืึธ ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ! 

ืื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ืงืึทืœื˜-ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ืึธืจื‘ืขื ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื’ื•ืฃ, 
ื ืึธืจ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ! 

ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ! ื–ื™ื™ ื•ื•ืขืงืŸ 

ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืขืงืœ, 

ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื ืฒึทื’ืขืจ-- 

ื˜ืึธืžืขืจ ื˜ื•ืžืœืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™-- ืื™ื– ื’ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจื‘ืึทืจืขื! 

ืึธืš, ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืื•ืžื”ื™ื™ืžืœืขื›ืขืจ ืœื™ืึทืจืขื... 

ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืึธืžืขืจ ืฉืฐืฒื™ื’ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ -- ื”ืขืจ, ื”ืขืจ 

ื•ื™ ืื•ืžื”ื™ื™ืžืœืขืš ื–ื™ื™ ืฉืฐื•ืฒื™ื’ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื™ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ 

ืึธ, ืื•ืžื”ื™ื™ืžืœืขื›ืข ืฉืฐืฒึทื’ืขืจ! 

ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึทืจื•ืžื’ืขืจื™ื ื’ืœื˜ ืื™ื, ื“ืขืจ ื˜ื•ื™ืขืจ "ืงื•ืฃ" - 
ืื•ืŸ ื•ื™ ืก'ืฐื•ืึธืœื˜ ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืึธ-- 

ืฐืึธืก ืฉืฐืฒึทื’ื˜ ืื™ืจ, ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ, ืจื•ืคื˜! 

ื’ื•ืจื˜ ืึธืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืขื ื“ืŸ, 

ื ืขืžื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืงืจืขื ืฆืœ 

ืื•ืŸ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืึท ื˜ืขื ืฆืœ, 

ื˜ืึทื ืฆื˜! 

ื˜ืึทื ืฆื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืจืึธื“! 


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ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืืฒึทื™ืš ืคึฟืฒึทื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืืฒึท'ืจืข ืฉื˜ื•ืžืข ืœื™ื™ื“ืŸ, 
ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืคืฒึทื ื˜ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ื•ืžืข ืืฒึทืขืจืข, ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืขืจ... 
ืื™ืŸ ืืฒึท'ืจืข ืคืจื™ื™ื“ืŸ, -- 

ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ืืฒึทืš ืคืฒึทื ื˜ืขืจ ืžืขืจ! 

ืื™ื– ื’ืจืขืกืขืจ ื ืึธืš ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฉืคึผืึธื˜! 

ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ -- 

(ื’ืขืฉืœืึธ}ื’ืขื ืข ืื™ืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ, ื˜ืจื™ื‘ืข 

ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืงื ืขื›ื˜ืข 

ืคืจื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš! 

{ืœืึทื›{ื˜, ืคืึทืจื’ื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš 

{ืื™ืŸ} ื’ืขืœืขื›ื˜ืขืจ, 

ื•ึทืจื•ืคื˜} ืฆื• ืืฒึทื™ืš ืึทืจืฑืก ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฉื‚ื™ื ืื” ื’ืึทื ืฅ, 
ื˜ืึทื ืฆื˜! 

ื˜ืึทื ืฆื˜! (ื“ืขืจื–ืขื˜ ืึทื‘ื˜ืœื™ื”ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื ืืŸ) 

ื•ื•ืขืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™, 

ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข, ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื”ืึทืจืคืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™? (ืœื•ื™ืคื˜ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ ืฆื•) 
ืจ'ื–ืขื ื˜ ื–ื™ื ื’ืขืจ -- 

ื–ื™ื ื’ื˜! 

ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ ืืฒึทืš, ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ! 

ืงืœืึทืคึผื˜ ืึธืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื˜ืจื•ื ืขืก, 

ืื•ืŸ ื–ืึธืœืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื–ื™ืš ื”ื•ื™ืš ืฆืขืงืœื™ื ื’ืขืŸ, 

ืืฒึทืขืจืข ืคื™ื ื’ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืงืจื™ืžื˜ืข, ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื˜ืจื™ืงื ื˜ืข ืฐื™ ืฉืคึผืขื ืขืจ-- 
ืื™ืจ ืงืจื™ื’ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ืึทืจืฑืก ื“ื™ ืฉืขื ืกื˜ืข ื˜ืขื ืขืจ... 
ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืืฒึท'ืจืข ืจื™ืžืขืŸ, 
ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืฉืžื•ืฆื™ืงืกื˜ืข, ื“ื™ ื”ืขืœื“ื–ืขืจ 

ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจื™ื™ื ืกื˜ืข ืฉื˜ื™ืžืขืŸ-- 

ื•ื™ ืฐืึทืกืขืจืงืฐืึทืœืŸ ืฉืœืึธื’ืŸ ืงืœืึธืจ ืึทืจืฑืก 

ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ื™ืคืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืก 

ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืคืึทืจืžืึธื›ื™ืงื˜ืŸ, ืึท ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจืŸ ืึท ืคืขืœื“ื–ืŸ-- 
ืึทื–ืฑ ืื•ื™ืš ืืฒึท'ืจืข ืœื™ื“ืขืจ-- 

ื–ื™ื ื’ื˜! 

ื–ื™ื ื’ื˜, ื‘ืจื™ื“ืขืจ! 

ืฆืขืจืฒึทืกื˜ ื“ื™ ื”ื™ืœ ืฐืึธืก ื ืขืžื˜ ืืฒึทืš ื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืจื™ืง ืึทืจื•ืžืขื˜, 


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ื‘ืœืึทื“ืŸ 


7*ึตืœื• 


|ื–ืŸ 


ืฆืขืจืฒึทื™ืกื˜ ื“ืขื ืื•ืžืขื˜! 

ืื•ืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ื™ื“, ื“ื™ ืืžืชืข, ื“ื™ ืœืึทื ื’ ืคืึทืจืฉืคึผืึทืจื˜ืข 
ืึท ืฉืœืึธื’ ื˜ืึธืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึทืจืฑืก ืคื•ืŸ ืืฒึทืขืจ ื”ืึทืจืฆืŸ, 

ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ื™ื“, ื“ื™ ื–ื™ืกืข-- 

ืื•ืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ ื’ืึทื ืฅ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ืคืึทืจื’ื™ืกืŸ! 

ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ืžืขืŸ ืืฒึทืขืจืข ื“ืึธ ืึทืœืข ื”ื•ื™ืš! 

ื“ื• ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ืื•ื™ืš -- 

ื’ื•ื˜! ื’ื•ื˜! 

ื”ื™ื™ืก ื–ื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™, ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึทื“ืŸ... 

ื–ื™ื ื’ื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ! (ืฆื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจื“) 

ื–ื™ื ื’ื˜ ืงื ืขื›ื˜ ื’ืขืคืึทื ื’ืขืŸ... 

ื’ืขื–ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ-- 

ืึธื“ืขืจ ื‘ืœื•ื˜! 

ื–ื™ื ื’ื˜ ืฆืขื˜ืจืึธื˜ืขื ืข, 

ื’ืขื‘ืจืึทื›ื˜ืข ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืึธืš-- 

ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ! 

ืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืก ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขืจื™ืžื˜, ื’ืขืจืึธื˜ืŸ ืžื™ืจ; 

ืคึผืึทืจื ืขื ืขืก! 

ืึทื”ืขืจ ื“ืึธืก ืฆื™ื•ืŸ-ืœื™ื“! 

ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื–'ืก ื ื™ื˜ ืืžืช-- 

ืื™ื– ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืง ื ื™ื˜, 

ืื™ื– ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ื ืึธืš! 

ื–ื™ื ื’ื˜ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ 

ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ -- 

ืขืก ืžืขื’ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ืก'ืžืขื’ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ืขืŸ... 
ืก'ืžืขื’ ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื“, ืก'ืžืขื’ ืฐืึธืก ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืคืขืœืŸ -- 
ืื™ื– ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ื ืึธืš! 

ืฐืึธืก ืžื™ืื•ืกืขืจ ืื™ืจ ื–ื™ื ื’ื˜-- ืžืขืจ ืฐืขื˜ ืขืก ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขืคืขืœืŸ, 
ืฐืึธืก ืฐืฒื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ ืก'ื’ืขืคืขืœื˜ ืžื™ืจ-- ืึทืœืฅ ืžืขืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ืฆื•ืคืจื™ื“ืŸ -- 
ื–ื™ื ื’ื˜, ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ! 

ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจื“ ื’ืขืฆื•ื™ื’ืŸ! 

ื–ื™ื ื’ื˜! ื–ื™ื ื’ื˜! 

ืขืจ ื‘ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื‚ื™ื ืื” ืื™ื™ืš, 


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ืื™ืš ื‘ืขื˜ ืขืก ืืฒึทื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื‘ืข -- 
ืงื•ืงื˜ ื“ื™ ืฉื‚ื™ื ืื”-ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ -- ืื™ืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ 
ื’ืœืฒึทืš -- 
ื–ื™ ื”ืึทืœื˜'ืก ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ืื•ืŸ ืฐืฒึทื›ื˜... 
ืื•ืŸ ืฉืคึผืจื™ื ื’ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืจื™ื“ืขืจ, ืึธ, ื ื™ื˜ ืฉืคึผืจื™ื ื’ื˜ ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจ 
ืžืฒึทืŸ ืœื™ื‘ืขื‘ืึทืจื’, 
ืžืฒึทืŸ ืœื™ื‘ืข ืฉื˜ืึทืจืง... 
ื–ื™ื ื’ื˜ ื‘ืจื™ื“ืขืจ, ื–ื™ื ื’ื˜ 
ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ืžืขืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืš! 
ื‘ืœืึทื“ืŸ ื“ื• ื‘ืขื˜ืกื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ืื•ื™ืš -- 
ื’ื•ื˜! ื’ื•ื˜! (ืฆื• ืึทื‘ื˜ืœื™ื”ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื• ืฉื‘ื ืืŸ) 
ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืึธืŸ, ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึท ื”ืึทืจืฃ! 


ืึทื‘ื˜ืœื™ื” (ืงื•ืงื˜ ืึธืŸ ื–ืฒึทึทืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจื“) 
ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจื“ ืื™ื– ืฉืึทืจืฃ? 

ื‘ืœืึทื“ืŸ (ืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื’ื˜ ืึทื ื˜ืฆื™ืงื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจื“ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืœื•ืคื˜) 
ืื™ื™-ืื™ื™! 
ื ืึธืš ื•ื•ื™! 


ื–ื™ ืฉื ืฒึทื“ื˜ ื ื™ื˜, ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื–ื™ ื’ื™ื˜ ืึท ื‘ืจื™, 

ืื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ (ืฐืฒึทื–ื˜ ืื™ื ื“ื™ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจื“) 

ืงื•ืง ืึธืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื™ืŸ! 

ื ืึธืš ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ, 

ืฐืึธืก ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ 

ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืœืฒืฆืขืก ื‘ืฒึท ืึท ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ 

ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฉื ื™ื˜ืŸ -- 

ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ื–ื™ ืฉืึทืจืคืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื ืฒึทื™-- 


ื ืึท, ื–ืข! (ืขืจ ื’ื™ื˜ ืื™ื ื“ื™ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจื“), 


ืึทื‘ื˜ืœื™ื” ืืฒื™! ืื™ื™! (ื”ืึทืงื˜ ืฉื ืขืœ ืึธืคึผ ื“ื™ ืคื™ื ื’ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืจืขื›ื˜ืขืจ ื”ืึทื ื˜) 
ืฉื‘ื ื ืžื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืš! ืžื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืš! (ืจื•ืงื˜ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจื“ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื”ืึทื ื˜ืคืœืึทืš ืื•ื™ืš...) 
ื‘ืœืึทื“ืŸ (ืคืึทืจื‘ืœื™ืคื˜ ืึท ืฐื™ื™ืœืข) 

ื˜ืข! ื˜ืข! 


ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ื”ืึธืกื˜ื• ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฉืฐื•ืขืจื“ ื’ืขื‘ืจื•ื™ื›ื˜, 
ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจื“ ื‘ืึทื“ืึทืจืคื˜? 


ืึทื‘ื˜ืœื™ื” (ื’ื™ื˜ ืื™ื ืึธืคึผ ื“ื™ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจื“) 


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ืก'ืื™ ืฉืึทืจืฃ! 
ื‘ืœืึทื“ืŸ (ื”ื™ื™ื›ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ื ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจื“) 
ื“ืฑ ืฐื™ ื“ื• ืฐืึธืœื˜ืกื˜ ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืขื’ ืžื™ืจ ื“ืึธ ืคืึทืจืœืึธืคืŸ! 
ื”ืึธืกื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื˜ืึทื˜ ืฐืึธืก ื’ื•ื˜ ืื™ื–, ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขื•ื•ืขืงื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฆืึธืจืŸ, 
ื–ืึธืœืกื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜, ืึธ, ื ื™ื™ืŸ, 
ืึทืŸ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืคืึทืจืฉืคึผืึธืจืŸ, 
ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืš ืžืึทืš ืึทืœืฒืŸ... 
ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื’ืขืžืึทื›ื˜ ื•ื™ ืื™ืš -- ืื™ืŸ ืคื•ืœืขืจ ืจื•... (ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื“ื™ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจื“) 
ื“ื•! ื“ื•! ืœืึธื–ื˜ ืึทืจืึธืคึผ ื“ื™ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจื“) 
ืึธ ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ ื“ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ืจืึธืคืŸ, 
ื ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ืš, ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ื -- 
ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืจื™ืžืฆืึธืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžืฒึทื™ืŸ ื’ืจื™ื - 
ืžื•ื– ืื™ืš ืžืขืœื“ืŸ ืืฒึทืš ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืžืฒื™ืŸ ืงืขื ื™ื’ ืžืขืœื“ืŸ: 
ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ ื”ืขืœื“ืŸ! 
ืคืึทืจ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืจ'ืก ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ? 
ืคืึทืจ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืจ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืคึผื’ืขื”ืึทืงื˜ ื“ื™ ืคื™ื ื’ืขืจ, 
ืื™ืจ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืžืึธืœ? 
ืึทื‘ื˜ืœื™ื” ื›ึผื“ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืึทืจืคืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื ื’ืขืŸ! 
ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคื™ื ื’ืขืจ ืฐืึธืก ืงืœืึทืคึผืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื˜ืจื•ื ืขืก ืึธืŸ-- 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจื“ ืื•ื™ืš ืึธืคึผื’ืขื”ืึทืงื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืงื•ืœ, 
ืžืฒึทืŸ ืœื™ื“ ืคืึทืจืฉื ื™ื˜ืŸ... 


ื‘ืœืึทื“ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜, ื ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื ื’ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ! (ืจื•ืคึฟื˜ ืจืขื›ื˜ืก) 
ื”ืขื™! 

ืฉืจืืฆืจ (ืงื•ืžื˜) 

ื‘ืœืึทื“ืŸ ืงืœื™ื™ื‘ ืื•ื™ืฃ, ืฉืจืืฆืจ, 


ืงืœื™ื™ื‘ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ืคื™ื ื’ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ, ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืฉืžื•ืฆื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืงืจืขืฆื™ืง, 
ืงืœืฒึทื™ื‘ ื–ื™ื™ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ, 

ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ื™ื’ ืื™ืŸ ืขืกื™ืง ื–ื™ื™! 

ื“ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคื™ื ื’ืขืจ, ื“ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืจืึทืžืขืŸ 

ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื”ืขืœื“ื ืœื™ื“... 

ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืึท ืœื™ื“ ืึทื–ืึท ื ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื™ื™ื“ 

ื“ืขืจืฐืึทืจื˜... 

ืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืš ืžื™ืš ื’ืขื ืึทืจื˜! 


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;ึตืœื• 


ื•ื–ืŸ 


ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ื“ืึธืš ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืกื›ืŸ: 
ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ ืฉืฐืึทื›ืข... 

ื ื™ื˜ ืืžืช, ื ื™ื™ืŸ! 

ืึธ, ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ ืฉื˜ืึทืจืงืข ื–ื™ืขืจ! 


ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ! 


ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื”ืึทืก ืฆื• ืืฒึทืš, ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ.. 
ื›ึผื™ื”ืึธื‘ ืคืฒึทื ื˜ ืืฒึทืš, ืคึผืฒึทื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืืฒึทืขืจ ืฉืฐืึทื›ืงืฒื˜ ืืฒึทืš, 
ืื™ืŸ ืืฒึทืขืจ ืฉื˜ืึทืจืงืฒื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ืคึผืฒึทื ื˜ ืืฒึทืš ืžืขืจ! 
ื ื™ื˜ ืงื•ืงื˜ ืึทื–ืฑ ืžื™ืš ืึธืŸ... 
ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืคึผืฒึทื™ื ื˜, ื™ืึธ ืคืฒึทื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืืฒึทืขืจ ืึธืจืขืžืงืฒื˜ ื“ืึธ ืืฒึทืš 
ืื•ืŸ ืคืฒึทื™ื ื˜ืขืจ ื ืึธืš ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ ืจืฒึทืš - | 
ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืคืฒึทื ื˜ ืืฒึทืš ืœืฒึทื–ื™ืงืข, ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืคืฒึทื ื˜ ืืฒึทืš ื‘ืจื•ื“ื™ืงืข-- 
ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืคึผืฒึทื ื˜ืขืจ ืืฒื™ืš, ื–ืฒึทื˜ ืฐื™ืกืŸ, 
ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ ืจื™ื™ืŸ! 
ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืืฒึทื™ืš ืคืฒึทื ื˜ ื“ืขืจืฉืจืึธืงืขื ืข ืื•ืŸ ืžืขืจ ืืฒึทืš ืžื•ื˜ื™ืงืข! 
ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืคืฒึทื ื˜ ืืฒึทืš ืžื™ื™ืกืข-- 
ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืฒึทื ื˜ืขืจ ืืฒึทืš ืึท ืกืš, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ ืฉื™ื™ืŸ! 
ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืืฒึทืš ืคึผืฒึทื ื˜ ืคืึทืจื•ื•ื™ืœื“ืขื˜ืข, 
ืคึฟืึทืจื’ืจืขื‘ื˜ืข ืืฒึทื™ืš, ืคึฟืึทืจืงืจื™ืžื˜ืข-- 
ืฆืขื‘ืจืึธื›ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจื’ืจืฒึทื–ื˜... 
ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืคึผืฒึทื ื˜ืขืจ ืืฒึทื™ืš ื’ืขื‘ื™ืœื“ืขื˜ืข, 
ื‘ืึทืจื™ืžื˜ืข, 
ืืฒึทืขืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ื’ืฒึทืกื˜ 
ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจ ืคืึทืจืฉืฒึทื ื˜.- 
ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืืฒึทืš ืคืฒึทื™ื ื˜! 
ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืืฒึทืขืจ ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ืกืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคึผืฒึทื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืžืขืจ ื ืึธืš ืืฒึทืขืจ ื˜ื•ื’ื ื˜, 
ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืคึฟืฒึทื ื˜ ื“ื™ ื–ืงื ื™ื ืืฒึทืขืจืข ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืฒึทื ื˜ืขืจ ืืฒึทืขืจ ื™ื•ื’ื ื˜-- 
ืึธ ื’ื•ื˜, ืึธ ื˜ืึธืคึผืœื˜ ื’ื•ื˜ 
ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฉื•ื™ื ื˜ ื“ืึธืก ื‘ืœื•ื˜ 
ืคื•ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืงืœื™ื™ื ืข ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืžืึทืžืขืก ื‘ื•ื™ืš - 
ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขื‘ืจืึทื›ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ืื•ื!... 
ื–ื™ื ื’ื˜! ื–ื™ื ื’ื˜ ื”ื•ื™ืš! (ื•ื•ืขื ื“ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื’ื•ืœื™ื ืจืขื›ื˜ืก ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ื ืงืก) 
ื–ื™ื ื’, ื–ื™ื ื’, ืžืฒึทื™ืŸ ืคืึธืœืง ืฐื•ึผ ื ืึธืจ ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜, 
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ื•ื•ึผ ื ืึธืจ ื“ื• ืงื•ืžืกื˜, 

ืื•ืŸ ืฐื•ึผ ื“ื• ืฐืขืกื˜ ื ืึธืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ! 

ืื•ืŸ ืึทื– ืก'ื‘ืึทืคึผืึทืœืŸ ื“ื™ืš ืึทื›ื–ืจื™ื 

ื•ื•ื™ืœื“ืข ื”ืึธืจื“ืŸ, 

ืื•ืŸ ืžืึธืจื“ืŸ, ืžืึธืจื“ืŸ 

ื“ื™ืจ ื“ืฒึทื™ืŸ ืฐืฒึทื‘, 

ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ ื“ื™ืจ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืœืฒึทื‘, 

ืฉื˜ืึทืจืง ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืฆืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืฒึทื™ืŸ ืฆืึธืจืŸ, 

ื ื™ื˜ ื”ืจื’ืข ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ื•ื™ ื–ื™ื™, ืื•ืŸ ืงืœืึธื’ ื ื™ื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืจื•ื, 
ืงื•ืง ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื-- 

ื’ื™ืก ื•ื™ ืึท ื–ื•ืŸ ื–ื™ ืึธืคึผ ืžื™ื˜ ืฉื™ื™ืŸ! 

ื–ื™ื ื’, ื–ื™ื ื’, ืžืฒึทืŸ ืคืึธืœืง, ืฐื•ึผ ื ืึธืจ ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ -- 

ื‘ืึทื’ืจื™ืก ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜: ื–ืฒึท ืฐื•ืขืœื˜ ื‘ืึทื’ืจื™ืกื˜! 

ืื™ืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืึทืœืข, ืึทืœืข, ื•ื•ื• ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜! (ืฆื• ืึทื‘ื˜ืœื™ื”ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื ืืŸ) 
ื–ื™ื ื’ื˜ ื–ื™ื ื’ืขืจ, 

ื–ื™ื ื’ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืึธืคึผื’ืขื”ืึทืงื˜ืข ื”ืขื ื˜, 

ืžื™ื˜ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฉื ื™ื˜ืขื ืข ืžื™ื˜ ืคื™ื ื’ืขืจ, 

ื–ื™ื ื’ื˜ ืœื™ื‘ืข ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜-- 

ืฐืฒึทื–ื˜ ื“ืขื ื”ื™ืžืœ ืื™ืจ, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ืขืœื˜, 
ืจืฒึทืกื˜ ืื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื™ืจ ืคืึทืจืžืึทื›ื˜.- 
ืึธ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜, ื“ืขืจืฐืึทืš! ื“ืขืจืฐืึทืš! 

ื–ื™ื ื’ื˜ ืœื™ื‘ืข! 

ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืจืขื’ืŸ-ื‘ื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืึธืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื‘ืข, 

ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ืžื‘ื•ืœ-ืฉื˜ืจืึธื ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืึทืก, 

ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื•ืžื–ื™ืกื˜ืขืจ ืฉื‚ื™ื ืื”! 

ืฐืฒึทื–ื˜ ืึท ื’ื•ื˜ืข ืžื™ื ืข 

ืฆื• ื“ืขื ื‘ื™ื™ื–ื ืก ืฉืคึผืึทืก. 

ืื•ืŸ ืงื•ื™ื ืคืึทืจืคืœื™ื™ืฆื˜ ืึท ื‘ื™ื™ื–ืข ืฐืขืœ ืืฒึทืš ืงืึทืœื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื ืึทืก-- 
ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ื™ืš ื”ื•ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ืงื•ืงื˜ ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจ, 

ืงื•ืงื˜ ืฆื•ื ืฉื‚ื•ื ื ืืฒึทืขืจืŸ ืคืึทืจื‘ืขื ืงื˜ 

ืื•ืŸ ืฉืขื ืงื˜... 

ื•ื•ืขืจ ืจืฒึทืš ืื™ื– -- ืฉืขื ืงื˜! 

ื•ื•ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืึทืจืง ืขืก ืื™ื–-- ืคืึทืจื’ื™ื˜! 


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ืื™ืจ ื–ืึธืœื˜ ืคืึทืจื’ืขื‘ืŸ! 
ื–ืึธืœ ืืฒึทืขืจ ื”ืึทืจืฅ ืื™ืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ื“, ืึทืจืฑืก 
ืคื•ืŸ ืืฒึทื™ืขืจ ื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืจื™ืงืขืจ ื”ืฑื˜! 
ืื•ืŸ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืืฒึทืš ืึทื ื˜ืงืขื’ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜-- 
ืื™ืจ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืึทื ื˜ืงืขื’ืŸ ืึทืœืขืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืœืขื‘ืŸ! (ืคึฟืฒึทืขืจืœืขืš) 
ื”ืขืจื˜, ื”ืขืจื˜, ื•ื•ืขืจ ื”ืขืจืŸ ืงืึธืŸ! 
ื”ืขืจื˜ ืึทืŸ ืืžืช ื’ืจื•ื™ืก, 
ื”ืขืจื˜ ื“ืขื ื ื‘ื™ื: 
ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืคืึทืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืขืก ื ื™ื˜ ืึธืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืึทื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืœ - 
ืœืึธื–ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืขืก ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืก... 
ื“ื•! ื“ื•! ืฐืขืจ ื‘ื™ืกื˜ื•, ื“ื•? 
ื“ื• ื”ืขืœืคืกื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืœื›ืชึผื—ื™ืœื” ืฆื• 
ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืžื™ืœื“ืข -- 
ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืœื•ืฆืœื™ื ื’ ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืกื˜ื• ืึธืŸ ืฆื• ืฉื™ืœื˜ืŸ -- 
ื“ื•! 
ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืฐื™ ื™ืขื ืข ืงื•, 
ืฐืึธืก ื’ื™ื˜ ืึท ืงืจื•ื’ ืžื™ื˜ ืžื™ืœืš, ืื™ ืคื•ืœ, ืื™ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก, 
ืื•ืŸ ื’ื™ืกื˜ ืึทืœืฒื™ืŸ ืื™ื ืื•ื™ืก... (ืฆื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจื“) 
ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืื™ืš ื“ืขืจืฉืœืึธื’ ื“ื™ืจ 
ื–ืึธื’ ืžื™ืจ: 
ื•ื•ืขืจ ื‘ื™ืกื˜ื•? ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื“ื• ื–ืึธื’'ืก ืžื™ืจ ื ื™ื˜, 
ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก ืึทืœื™ื™ืŸ ืขืก -- 
ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ื‘ื‘ืœืก ืฉื‚ื•ื ื! 
ืœืฒึทื™ื’ืกื˜! 
ืฉืฐื•ื™ื™ื’! ืฉืฐืฒึทื’! 
ืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืœ ื“ื™ืš ืฆืขื‘ืึทืœืขืฐืขื˜.- 
ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ื‘ื‘ืœืก ืคืฒื™ื ื˜-- 
ืึท ื™ื™ึธื“ื™ 
ืึท ื™ื“ 
ืื•ืŸ ื›'ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืคืจืฒื™ื ื“, 
ื“ืขืจ ืคืจื™ื™ื ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืขืžืขืŸ, 
ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืึทืœืฅ ืฐืึธืก ืœืขื‘ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืึธื˜ืขืžื˜, 
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ื‘ืœืึทื“ืŸ 


ืคื•ืœ ืžื™ื˜ ืคืจื™ื™ื“, ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ืขืจ... 

ื ืึธืจ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื‘ื‘ืœ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ - 

ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื ืึธื›ื’ืฒืŸ ืื™ืจ ืื™ืŸ ืœืึทื ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืึธื˜ืŸ. 

ืฉืฐื™ื™ื’! 

ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ ื ื™ื˜ ืฉืฐืฒึทื’ืŸ-- 

ื‘ืึทืคืขืœ ื“ื™ ื–ื•ืŸ ื–ื™ ื–ืึธืœ ืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืžืœื‘ืœื•ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ืฉื˜ืฒื™ื’ืŸ! 

ื“ื• ื”ื™ื™ืก ื“ื™ ืฐืขืœ ืื™ืŸ ื™ื - ื–ื™ ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ืš ื”ื•ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ, 

ืื•ืŸ ืฆื• ืึท ื”ืึทืจืฅ ืฐืึธืก ื’ืœื™ื™ื‘ื˜, ื–ืึธื’: ื–ืึธืœืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืœื™ื™ื‘ืŸ! 

ืื•ืŸ ื–ืึธื’ ืฆื• ืึท ืคืึทืจืœื™ื‘ื˜ืŸ: ื”ืึธื‘ ื ื™ื˜ ืœื™ื‘! 

ืฆื• ื”ืึธืคึผืขืจื“ื™ืงืข ืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ ืฐืฒึทื˜: ื–ืฒึทื˜ ื˜ืจื™ื‘! 

ืื•ืŸ ืฆื• ืึท ื ื‘ื™ื ื–ืึธื’: ื ื™ื˜ ืจื™ื™ื“! 

ืคืึทืจืฆื•ื™ื ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืขื’ ืื™ืจ, ื“ืขืจ ืืฒื™ื‘ื™ืงืขืจ, ื“ืขืจ ืคืจื™ื™ื“... 

ื“ื• ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืฉืฐืฒื™ื’ืŸ, ืžื™ืจ ืึท ืคืจื™ื™ืœืขื›ืŸ ืึท ื™ื™ื“! 

ื“ื• ืฐืึทืจื˜ืกื˜, ืคืึทืจืฉืึธืœื˜ืขื ืขืจ, ืฐืึทืจื˜ืกื˜ ืžื•ื ื˜ืขืจ 

ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืึทื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืœ! 

ืฐื•ืึทืจื˜ืกื˜! 

ื’ืึธื˜ ื‘ืึทื”ื™ื˜! 

ื ืึธืจ ื˜ืึธืžืขืจ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ-- 

ืฐืขืœ ืื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืงืœืึธื’ืŸ... 

ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ื™ื“ืŸ ืฐืึทืงืกืŸ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ืžืฒื™ืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฅ 

ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจ, 

ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืœื™ื‘ืขืจ -- 

ืฉืฐืฒึทื’, ืฉืฐืฒึทื’, ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืึท ื‘ื™ืจื’ืขืจ ื‘ื‘ืœืก-- 

ืื™ืš ื“ืึทืจืฃ ืึทืœืฒืŸ ืึธืŸ ืึท ื’ืขืจื™ื›ื˜ 

ื ื™ื˜ ื˜ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ืš -- 

ื–ืึธืœื™ืก ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื‘ื•ื›ื“ื ืืฆืจ... 

ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ืš ื ืึธืจ ืงืึธื•ื•ืขืŸ-- 

ืฉืจืืฆืจ! 

ื ืขื ืึทืจืึธืคึผ ื“ื™ ืืฒึทื–ืขืจื ืข, ื“ื™ ืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ 

ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขื ื“ืึธ, ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ื™ื’ ื–ื™ ืึธืŸ ื“ืึธ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ... 
(ืขืจ ืฐืฒึทื–ื˜ ืึธืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึทื—ืึธื‘ืŸ) 

ื ืขื ืึทืจืึธืคึผ ื–ื™ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืึทืœื˜ื ืก ืคื™ืก, ื“ื™ ื‘ืœืึทืกืข -- 

ื–ื™ ืฐืขืœืŸ ืคึผืึทืกืŸ ืื™ื, ื–ื™ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืคึผืึทืกืŸ... 


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ืฉื“ืืฆืจ 
ืงื•ืœื™ื” 


ื‘ืœืึทื“ืŸ 
ืงื•ืœื™ื” 


ื”ื“ืกื” 
ืึทื—ืึธื‘ 


ืฉืจืืฆืจ 
ืฉืžืขื™ื” 


ื‘ืœืึทื“ืŸ 


ืฉืžืขื™ื” 


ื‘ืœืึทื“ืŸ 


ืึทืœืข ืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืข ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ืžืึธืก! 

(ืงื•ืžื˜ ืฆื• ืฆื•ื ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ืงื•ืœื™ื”, ืงื ื™ื˜, ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืื™ื ืึธืŸ ืึทืจืึธืคึผื ืขืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคื™ืก) 
(ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืึธืจื˜ ืฆืขืฉืจืึธืงืŸ) 

ื”ืึท -- ืฐืึธืก? | 

ื“ืขืจ ืึทืœื˜ืขื˜ืฉืงืขืจ.-- ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืจื™ืจื˜ ืื™ื ื˜ื™ืฃ! 

(ืฉืจืฒื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึทืœื“ื™ืง ืื•ื™ืฃ, ืงื•ืงื ื“ื™ืง ืžื™ื˜ ืฉืจืขืง ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึทื—ืึธื‘ืŸ) 

ื™ืจืžื™ื”ื•ืก ื‘ืจื™ื•ื•! 

(ืคืึทืœื˜ ืฆื• ืฆื• ืึทื—ืึธื‘ืŸ) 

ืงื•ืœึธื™ึธื”! ืื•ื™ืš ื“ื• ื”ื“ืกื” -- 

ื ื™ื˜ ื ืขืžื˜ ืฆื•ื ื”ืึทืจืฆืŸ ื–ื™ืš, ื ื™ื˜ ื ืขืžื˜ ื–ื™ืš, 

ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขืจื™ื›ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ื–ื™ืš, 

ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืึธืจืฑืกื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืžื™ืจ, ื™ืจืžื™ื”ื• 

ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื”ืึทื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืขื•ืช-- 

ืก'ืคืึทืจื‘ืจืขื ื˜ ืžื™ืš ื ื‘ื•ื›ื“ื ืืฆืจ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืฉืฒึทื˜ืขืจ... 

ื ืึธืš ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ 

ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืขืก ื™ืจืžื™ื”, ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜ ื“ืขืจืคื•ืŸ... 
ื™ืขืฆื˜, ื’ื™ื ืขืจ ืžืฒึทื ืข ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜-ื’ื™ื ืขืจ-- ืึทืœืข ืื™ืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜ ื”ืฒึทื˜ืขืจ! 
ืื™ืจ ื’ื™ื ืขืจ -- ื›'ืœืึธื– ืžืฒึทืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ื“ ืืฒึทื™ืš, 

ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ, ื ื™ื˜-ื’ื™ื ืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืคึผื˜ื•ืจ. 
(ืงื•ืžื˜ ืฆื• ืžื™ื˜ ืงื•ืœื™ื”ืก ืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืฆื• ืึทื—ืึธื‘ืก ืคื™ืก) 

(ืฆื• ื‘ืœืึทื“ืŸ) 

ื ื™ื˜ ืฉืžื™ื“ ื“ืขื ื–ื•ืŸ 

ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืึธื˜ืขืจ... 

ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืึธื˜ืขืจ! -- (ืœืึทื›ื˜) 

ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื“ืึธืš ื’ื•ื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธืคืŸ... 

ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื‘ืึทืคืจืฒึทื˜ ื“ืขื ืึทืœื˜ืŸ 

ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื–ื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ! 

ืึธ, ืึทื›ื–ืจ, ืฐืึธืก ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜, ืฐื™ืœืกื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ืึทืคึผืจืฒึทื•ื ื’ ืฉื˜ืจืึธืคืŸ! 
"ื ื™ื˜ ืงืึธืš ืึท ืฆื™ื’ืขืœืข ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ืœืš ืึธืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืžื•ื˜ืขืจ!" 
ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืึท ื’ื•ื˜ืขืจ! 

ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขืก ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืคืจื™ื“ืŸ-- 


ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ื•ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืขื ืœืขืš ืฆื• ืึท ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ! 


ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืจื•ื“ืขืจ? 
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ืฉืžืขื™ื” (ืœืึธื–ื˜ ืึทืจืึธืคึผ ื–ืฒึทื™ืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ) 
ื™ืึธ. 
ื‘ืœืึทื“ืŸ ืึท! (ืฆื• ืฉืจืืฆืจืŸ) 
ื ืขื ื’ื™ืš ืึทืจืึธืคึผ ื“ื™ ืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคื™ืก ืื™ื -- 
ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ื™ื’ ื“ืขื ืคื™ื™ื ื“ ื–ื™ื™ ืึธืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ืขืจ ืฐื™ืกืŸ! 
ืื•ื™ื‘ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึทื˜ืข - 
ื–ืึธืœ ืึท ื‘ืจื•ื“ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขื ื‘ืจื•ื“ืขืจืก ืคืจืฒื™ื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืงื•ื™ืคืŸ. 
ืฉืžืขื™ื” ื ื™ื˜ ื ืขื ืึทืจืึธืคึผ ืžื™ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคื™ืก ื“ื™ ืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ -- 
ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ ืึทื ื˜ืœืฑืคืŸ! 
ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืœ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืึทื ื˜ืœืึธืคืŸ... 
ืื™ืš ื•ื•ืขืœ'ืก ื‘ืึทืฐืฒึทื–ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืึท ืžืึธืœ ืึท ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸืŸ.ืŸ 
ื‘ืœืึทื“ืŸ ืจืขื“ืกื˜ ืึธืคืŸ! 
ื›'ืฐื•ืึธืœื˜ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ืจ ื’ืขืจืึทื˜ืŸ 
ื“ื• ื–ืึธืœืกื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืึทื–ืฑ ืึธืคืŸ ืจื™ื™ื“ืŸ, 
ืขืก ืงืขืŸ ื“ื™ืจ ื ืึธืš ืคืึทืจืฉืึทื˜ืŸ... 
ื•ื•ื™ืœืกื˜ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื›'ื–ืึธืœ ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืืฒึทืš, ืืฒึทืš ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข 
ื‘ืจื™ื“ืขืจ ืฉืžื™ื“ืŸ? 
ืฉืžืขื™ื” ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื“ืขืจ -- ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ. 
ื‘ืœืึทื“ืŸ ื™ึดื“ ืก'ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื ืœืึทื›ืŸ... 
ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืžื•ืจื ืคืึทืจ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืึทืš ื ืึธืจ: 
ื›'ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ืึธืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืืฒึทื™ืš ืฆื• ื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ... 
ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ... ืึทืœืข ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื“ืขืจ! 
ื˜ืึธืžืขืจ ืฉืœืึธื’ ืื™ืš ืื™ื™ื ืขื ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ -- 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜-ื’ืขืฉืœืึธื’ืขื ืขืจ ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ืขืฉืœืึธื’ืขื ืขื ื’ืขืœื™ื˜ืŸ! 
ื ื™ื˜ ื ื‘ื•ื›ื“ื ืืฆืจ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืฒึทืขืจ ืงืขื ื™ื’ 
ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืื•ืกื’ืขืฉื˜ืึธื›ืŸ, 
ืก'ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฉื˜ื•ื™ื’ืŸ! 
ืขืจ, ืึทืœืฒืŸ-- ืขืจ, 
ืฆื“ืงื™ื”ื•, ื–ืขืขื ื“ื™ืง ื–ื™ื™ ืึทืœืข, ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ-- 
ื•ื™ ืžืขืŸ ืฉืขื›ื˜, ืžืขืŸ ืฉืขื›ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ืจื™ื ื“ืขืจ, 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืฒึทื ื’ืขื‘ืจืึธื›ืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ืืฑืกื’ืขื“ืจืึทืคึผืขื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ... 
ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืœื™ื‘! 


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ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ ื’ืขื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืงื ื™ืคึผื˜ 

ื•ื™ ื’ืœื™ื“ืขืจ 

ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื’ื•ืฃ -- 

ืจื•ืฃ! ืขืจ ืขืก ืงืขืŸ ืื™ื™ืš-- ืจื•ืฃ: 

ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ! ืึทืœืข ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื“ืขืจ! (ืฆื• ืฉืžืขื™ื”ืŸ) 

ื ื™ื˜ ืจื™ื™ื“ ืžื™ืจ ืžืขืจ ื“ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ... 

ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฐืึธืจื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื˜ื• ืžื™ืš ืžืขืจ ืคืึทืจื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ! 
ื‘ืึทืคึผืจืฒึท, ืฉืจืืฆืจ, ืื™ื, ื‘ืึทืคึผืจืฒึท ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืฐืึทืœื“ ืื™ื-- 
ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืฉืžื™ื“ ืื™ื! (ืึทื—ืึธื‘ืŸ) 


ืฉืจืืฆืจ (ืคืึทืœื˜, ืึทืจื•ืžื ืขืžืขื ื“ื™ืง ืฉืžืขื™ื”ืก ืคื™ืก) 
ืฉืžืขื™ื” ืึธ, ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ ืžืฒื™ื ืข! 
ื‘ืœืึทื“ืŸ (ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขืจืขื’ื˜) 


ืžืฒึทื ืข! ื“ืฒึทื™ื ืข! ื–ืฒึทื ืข!-- 
ืึทืœืฅ ื˜ืขื ื•ืช! ื˜ืขื ื•ืช! (ืฆื• ืฉืจืืฆืจืŸ) 
ื ืขื ื’ื™ืš ืึทืจืึธืคึผ ื“ื™ ืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืื™ื ืื•ืŸ ืคืจืขื’ ื ื™ื˜! 


ืฉืžืขื™ื” (ืฉืจืฒึทื˜) 

ืจ'ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืจื•ื“ืขืจ, ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืžืฒึทืŸ ืงืขื’ื ืขืจ! 
ืฉืจืืฆืจ (ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืžืขื™ื”ืก ืคื™ืก ืึทืจืึธืคึผื’ืขื ื•ืžืขื ืข ืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืฆื• ืึทื—ืึธื‘ืŸ) 
ืฉืžืขื™ื” ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืžืฒึทื™ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ืงืขื’ื ืขืจ! 
ื‘ืœืึทื“ืŸ ื˜ืึธ ื–ืข ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื ืงืžื”! 
ืฉืžืขื™ื” ืื•ื™ื‘ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ืงืžื” -- ืœืึธื™ ืžื™ืจ'ืก 


ื–ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืœ! 

ืจ'ืื™ื– ืืฒึทืขืจ ื ื‘ื™ื, 

ืืฒึทื™ืขืจ ืคืจื™ื™ื ื“... ืฉืจืฒึทื˜) 

ื”ืขืจ, ื”ืขืจ! . 

ื ื™ื˜ ืขืจ! ื ื™ื˜ ืขืจ! 

ื“ืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ืืฒึทืš ืคืฒึทื ื˜! 

ื”ืึธื‘ ืคื™ึทื™ื ื˜! ื”ืึธื‘ ืคืฒึทื ื˜! 

ื“ื™ ืœื™ื‘ืข ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืึทืก 

ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ืžื‘ืึทื”ืึธืœืคืขื ืข ืื•ืŸ ืฉืฐืึทื›ืข 

ืžืึทื›ืŸ - 

ืึทืฉื˜ืึทืจืงืŸ ืฉืคึผืึทืก... (ืฐืฒึทื–ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึทื—ืึธื‘ืŸ) 

ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืœื™ื‘ืข ืื•ืŸ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื”ืึทืก - 
364 


ื‘ืœืึทื“ืŸ 


ื”ื“ืกื” 


ื‘ืœืึทื“ืŸ 


ื”ื“ืกื” 
ืฉืจืืฆืจ 
ื‘ืœืึทื“ืŸ 


ืฉืจืืฆืจ 
ื‘ืœืึทื“ืŸ 


ื”ื“ืกื” 


ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืคืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืึทืจืงืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“ 

ื“ืขื ื–ืขืœื‘ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜... 

ืึทืŸ ืขืง, ืึท ืกื•ืฃ! 

ืึทืฐืขืง, ืึทืฐืขืง ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื ืื•ืŸ ื“ื•- ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ ื“ืึธ! 
ื’ืขืฉืœืึธื’ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืึทืจ ืื™ื ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ืฉืขื”! 

ืื•ืŸ ื“ื•-- ื“ื• ืœืขื‘... 

ืื™ืš ื–ืข: 

ืคืึทืจ ื“ื™ืจ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืš ื“ืึธืก ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืึท ืฉื˜ืจืึธืฃ-- 
ื˜ืึธ ืœืขื‘! (ืฐืฒึทื–ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึทื—ืึธื‘ืŸ) 

ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื -- ืคื™ืจื˜ ืึธืคึผ ืื™ื! 

(ืคืึทืจื‘ืจืขื›ื˜ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜) 

ืึธ, ืฉืจืขืงืŸ! (ืคืึทืœื˜ ื‘ืœืึทื“ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคื™ืก) 

ื ื™ื˜ ื ืขื ืึทืฐืขืง ืื™ื! 

ื ืขื ืึธืŸ ื–ื™, ืคืึทืจืŸ ืฆืึธืคึผ ื–ื™, 

ืื•ืŸ ืฉืœืฒึทื“ืขืจ ืึธืคึผ ื–ื™! (ืฆื• ื”ื“ืกื”ืŸ) 

ืึทืฐืขืง! ืึทืฐืขืง! 

ืึธ ืฉืจืขืง! 

ื•ื™ ืงืขืŸ ืื™ืš ืขืก? ืึท ืคืจื•ื™... ืื•ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทื˜ืจื™ื‘ื˜ืข... 
(ืงื•ืงื˜ ืื™ื ืคืึทืจืฐื•ึผื ื“ืขืจื˜ ืึธื–) 

ื•ื•ืขืจืกื˜ ืงืึทืœื™ืข ืžื™ืจ, ืฉืจืืฆืจ, ื•ื•ืขืจืกื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืงืึทืœื™ืข 
ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธ, ืึทืœืข, 

ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืึท ื‘ืขืœ-ืจื—ืžื™ื, 

ื–ืขืกื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืื•ื™ื’ ืึท ื˜ืจืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืกื˜ ืฆืขื™ืึทื›ืžืขืจื˜! 
ื•ื™ ืงืขืŸ ืื™ืš ืขืก? ืึท ืคืจื•ื™... ืื•ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทื˜ืจื™ื‘ื˜ืข... 
(ืฆื• ื”ื“ืกื”ืŸ) 

ื•ื•ืขืจ ื‘ื™ืกื˜ื•? 

ื›'ื‘ื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขืœื™ื‘ื˜ืข -- (ืฐืฒึทื–ื ื“ื™ืง ืื•ื™ืฃ ืฉืžืขื™ื”ืŸ) 

ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ -- ืžืฒึทืŸ ืžืึทืŸ - ืคืึทืจื‘ืจืขืŸ ืื™ื! 

ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืœ, ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืขืจืœืขื›ืขืจ ื’ืขืžืึทื›ื˜ ืึท ืฐื•ื™ืกื˜ืข, 
ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจืข ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ -- ืฉืึธื˜ื ืก... 

ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืขืŸ ื“ืขืŸ? 

ืฆื™ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืŸ ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืžื•ื™ืขืจ 

ืคืึทืจื‘ืึธื˜ืŸ ื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืจ, ืฆื™ ื’ืึธืจ ืคืจื™ื™ื“ ืคืึทืจื‘ืึธื˜ืŸ? 


205 


ื‘ืœืึทื“ืŸ 


ื”ื“ืกื” 


ืคืึทืจ ืืฒึทืš ืื™ื– ืคืจื™ื™ื“ ืคืึทืจื‘ืึธื˜ืŸ, ืคืึทืจ ื›ึผืฉื‚ื“ื™ื ื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืจ 
(ืฐืฒึทื–ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืฉืžืขื™ื”ืŸ) 

ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜! 

ื”ืขืจื˜! ื”ืขืจื˜! 

ื•ื•ืขืžืขืก ืžื™ืกื™ืข ืฉืžืขื™ื” ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจืคื™ืœื˜! 

ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื‘ื•ื›ื“ื ืืฆืจืŸ ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘-- ื“ืขื ื˜ืจื•ื™'ืจื™ืงืŸ ื’ืขืฉืคึผื™ืœื˜! 
ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื–ื™ื™, ื–ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืึทื ื˜ืงืขื’ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ 

ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ืคืึทืจืœืึทื ื’ืขืŸ, 

ื–ื™ืš ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ, 

ื”ืึทื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืึทื ื˜ ื’ืขื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ... 

ืคื•ืŸ ื ื‘ื•ื›ื“ื ืืฆืจืŸ ื’ืขืฉื™ืงื˜ -- (ืฐืฒึทื–ื˜ ืื•ืฃ ืฉืžืขื™ื”ืŸ) 

ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขืจื•ื™ื‘ื˜, ื‘ืึทืจืฑื‘ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืœ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื“ืึธืก ื’ืœื™ืง! 
ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืึทืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขื˜ืฐื™ืœืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืคืึทืจืฉืฐืึทืจืฆื˜, 
ืึธื˜ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืžืึทืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืขืจื ืข, ื“ืึธืก ื”ืึทืจืฅ! 
ืžืฒึทืŸ ืžืึทืŸ! ืžืฒึทืŸ ืžืึทืŸ!-- ืื™ืš ืคืœืขื’ 

ืื™ืŸ ืงืœืึธืจืข ื˜ืขื’ 

ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื ื”ื™ืžืœ ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขืจื™ืกืขื ืข, ื“ื™ ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขืฆืขืœื˜ 
ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืŸ ืคืึทืจื”ืขื ื’ืขืŸ -- 


ื–ืึธืœ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ืึธืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืคืึทืจื’ืขืกืŸ, ืื•ื ื“ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื“ืขื ืงืขืŸ -- 


ื“ื™ ืงืœืึธืจืข ื•ื•ืขืœื˜! (ืื•ื™ืฃ ืฉืžืขื™ื”ืŸ) 
ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื–ืŸ ืงืœืขืจืขืจ... 
ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืœื•ื™ื›ื˜ืŸ ืื™ื ืขืฐื™ื™ื ื™ืง ืžืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืžืขืจืขืจ! 
ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืš ืคืึทืจ ืึทืœืข ืฉื™ื™ืŸ - 
ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ-- ืคืึทืจ ืžื™ืจ! ืคืึทืจ ืžื™ืจ ืึทืœืฒืŸ... 
ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจ ืื™ื ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืืฑืกื’ืขื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ 
ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืขื ืงืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ-- 
ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืก ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜-- 
ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืคึผื’ืขืงืขืจื˜, 
ื–ื™ืš ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฐืขื ื“ื˜... 
ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขื ื˜ 
ื’ืขืงืจืึธื›ืŸ, 
ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜ 
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ืคืึทืจื‘ืจืึธื›ืŸ 
ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื’ืขื™ืึธืžืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืึท ืฉืจืฒื™ืขืŸ: 
ืึธ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ! ืฆื™ื•ืŸ! ืึธืš, ืึธืš; ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื! 


ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืขื›ื˜-- 
ืึธ ื ืขื›ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืœ! ื ืขื›ื˜ ื”ืขืจืœืขื›ืข! 
ืึธ, ื ืขื›ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื ืขึธืจ-ื˜ืึธืœ, ืื•ื™ืฃ ื ืžืจื•ื“-ืขืจื“! 
ื”ืขืจื˜! ื”ืขืจื˜! 
ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ื ืึทื›ื˜ ืคืึทืจ ื ืึทื›ื˜ 
ืึทืจื•ื™ืคื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ืคืึทืจืฉืžืึทื›ื˜ 
ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ... 
ื–ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื ืงืขืŸ ื’ื ื‘ื™ืฉืข ื’ื™ืš, ื’ื™ืš 
ืื•ืŸ ื’ืœื™ื™ืขืŸ ืขืจืœืขื›ืข 
ื•ื™ ืื™ืš, ืฐื•ื™ ืื™ืš... 
ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ- : "ื ื™ื˜ ืงื•ืง ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ื™ื™, ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืคืขืจืœืขื›ืข 
ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ!" 
ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื‘ืึทื’ืึธืกืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ื˜ืจืขืจืŸ, 
ืึทืจื•ืžื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื‘ืข ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืฒึทืŸ - 
ื›'ื•ื•ื™ืœ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ืจ! ื›'ื•ื•ื™ืœ ื–ืฒึทืŸ! | 
ื›'ื•ื•ื™ืœ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืขื ื“ื™ืง ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ืจ -- ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ. 
ื“ื• ื–ืขืกื˜ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ? 
ื–ื•ื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืึธืจืŸ - 
ืื•ืŸ ื’ืฒื™ืขืŸ ืึทื–ืฑ ืืฒื™ื‘ื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื‘ืข-ืฉืฑื™ื“ืขืจ ืืฒึทืŸ, 
ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื‘ืข ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขืคืœืึทืงืขืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื‘ืข ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ... 
ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ -- | 
ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ื 'ืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืขื›ื˜ 
ื’ื•ื˜ ืฆื•ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ, ื’ื•ื˜-ื’ื•ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜, 
ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜... 
ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืžืœื‘ืœื•ื™ ื’ืขื˜ื•ืงื˜, 
ื’ืขื‘ื•ืงื˜ ืฆื• ืžื™ืจ ื–ื™ืš ืฉื˜ื™ืœ, ื’ืขื‘ื•ืงื˜ -- 
ื–ื™ ืฆื• ืžื™ืจ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš -- ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื™ื ื’ืขืงื ื™ื˜, 
ื’ืขืคืึทืœืŸ ืžื™ื“, 
ื’ืขืงืฒึทืงืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื‘ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืœื“, 
67 


ื’ืขืงื•ื™ืœืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ืฑื‘: 

ืึธ ื”ื•ื™ื‘ ืžื™ืš ืื•ื™ืฃ, ื”ื•ื™ื‘! ื”ื•ื™ื‘! 

ืฆื™ ืื•ื™ืก ืžื™ืš ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื˜ืขืคึผืขืš 

ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฃ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืžื™ืจ ื–ื™ืš, ื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืžื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทืœืขื‘ ืžื™ืš! 
ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืœ -- ืžืฒึทื™ืŸ ืœื™ื‘ืข ืฉื˜ื™ืœ! 

ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ-- : ืื•ื™ืก! ืื•ื™ืก! 

ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืœืข ืคืจื™ื™ื“ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืœ ืื•ื™ืก - 

ืึธ, ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืง ื’ืจื•ื™ืก! 

ืื•ืŸ ืงืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืึธืคึผ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ, 
ื•ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืจื•ื ืขื ืึท ืคืึทืจื’ื™ืคื˜ืŸ... 

ืฉืœืึธื’ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืœืขื ื“ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื”ื™ืคื˜ืŸ- } 
ืžืึทื›ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืœื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืจื™ืกืŸ, 

ืจืฒึทื™ืกื˜ ืงืจื™ืขื”, 

ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื’ืขื™ืึธืžืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืึท ืฉืจืฒื™ืขืŸ: 

ืึธ, ืฆื™ื•ืŸ! ืฆื™ื•ืŸ! 

ืึธืšึฐ, ืึธืš, ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื! 


ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืึทืฐืฆืง ืคื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืขื, ืคื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืžืึทืŸ -- (ืฐืฒึทื•ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึทื—ืึธื‘ืŸ) 
ืฆื• ืื™ื, ืฆื•ื ืืžืชืŸ, ืฆื•ื ื ื‘ื™ื! 
ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜: ืขืก ืื™ื– ื“ืึธ ืคืจื™ื™ื“ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืœ! 
ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ื‘ืข ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจืึทืŸ! 
ืื•ืŸ ืฉื™ื™ื ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืš! 
ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืœืขืจื ื˜ ืงื•ืงืŸ ืžื™ืจ, ืื™ืŸ ื˜ื™ืคืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื”ื™ืžืœ, 
ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืœืก ื”ื™ืžืœ ื”ื•ื™ืš! 
ืึทืจืฒึทื ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืžื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ื“ื™ืงืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืžืœ 
ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจืข ืคืขืœืงืขืจ, 
ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขืœืขื‘ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขืคื™ืœืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจื•ื•ืขืœืงื˜ืข... 
ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืœืขืจื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืฉืจืขืงืŸ, 
ื–ื™ืš ื“ืจื™ื™ืกื˜ ืึทืจืฒึทื ืฐืึทืจืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืจืช ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื—ื“ืงืœ, 
ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจืข ืฐืึทืกืขืจืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืงืœืึธืจ ืคืึทืจื˜ื™ืคืŸ -- 
ืึทืจืฑืคืฉืฐื™ืžืขืŸ ืฐื•'ืึท ืฐืขืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืคืŸ... 
ื™ืึธ, ืฉื˜ื™ืคืŸ (ืฆืึธืจื ื“ื™ืง ืฆื• ืฉืžืขื™ื”ืŸ) 
ื‘ื‘ืœ! ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืึทื– ื‘ื‘ืœ! 

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ื‘ืœืึทื“ืŸ 


ืก'ืื™ื– ืœื™ื‘ืข ื“ืึธ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืœ! 

ืื•ืŸ ืฉื™ื™ื ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจืึทืŸ 

ืฐื•ึผ ื ืึธืจ ืื™ืจ ืงื•ืžื˜, ืฐื•ื•ึผ ื ืึธืจ ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ -- (ืงืœืึทืžืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืึทื—ืึธื‘ืŸ) 
ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ื! ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ื ืคืึทืจื‘ืจืขื ื˜, 

ื ื™ื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขืœื™ื‘ื˜ืŸ... ืคืึทืจื‘ืจืขื ื˜ ืžืฒึทื™ืŸ ืžืึทืŸ! 

ื’ืขื ื•ื’! ื’ืขื ื•ื’! 

ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ืœ'ืก ื ื™ื˜ ื”ืขืจืŸ, 

ื›'ืงืขืŸ ื˜ืึทืงืข ืงืœื•ื’ ื‘ืฒึท ืืฒึทืš ื“ืึธ ื•ืขืจืŸ, 

ืก'ืื™ื– ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ื“ืึธ ื‘ืฒึท ืืฒึทืš ืื•ืŸ ื—ื›ืžื” ืื•ื™ืš ืคืึทืจืึทืŸ-- 
ื›'ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืืฒื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืฐื•ืขืจืŸ ืงืœื•ื’! 

ืื•ืŸ ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืก'ืื™ื– ื ืึทืจื™ืฉ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืึทืจื™ืžืขืŸ ื“ืึธ ืคืึทืจ ืืฒึทืš-- 
ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ ืื•ื™ืš ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืคืึทืจ ืืฒึทืš ื‘ืึทืจื™ืžืขืŸ 

ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ืึธื“ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืืฒึทืขืจ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ ืึท ื˜ืฒึทืš, 

ืžื™ื˜ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžืึทืžืขืก ื‘ืฒึทื›ืขืจ ื˜ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ -- 

ืฆื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืื™ืจ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืš, ื‘ืœืึทื“ืŸ, ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก? 

ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืึธืจืขื ืข ื ืึธืš ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืก, 
ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืกืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืจืฑื™ื˜ืŸ... (ืฆื• ืึทื—ืึธื‘ืŸ) 
ืงื•ื... ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื’ื•ืจืœ ืฐืขื˜ ื ื‘ื•ื›ื“ื ืืฆืจ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืึทืœื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ื™ืžืขืŸ. 
(ืฆื• ืึทื—ืึธื‘ืŸ) 

ืึธ, ื ืขื ืžื™ืš ืžื™ื˜! 


ืงื•ื ืžื™ื˜! ืงื•ื ืขืจ ืขืก ืฐื™ืœ! 


ืฐื•ึผ ื ืึธืจ ืึท ื™ื™ึทื“-- 

ืงื•ื ืžื™ื˜! 

ืงื•ืง ืฆื• ื–ื™ืš, ื”ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืืฒื™ืŸ: 

ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืคื™ื™ืขืจืฆื•ื ื’ืขืŸ 

ื–ื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื, ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ 
ืืฒึทืš, ืื™ืŸ ืงื•ืจืฆืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ -- 

ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืคืŸ ืฐืฒึทื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึทืœืข ืืฒึทืš ืึท ืฉืฒึทืŸ, 

ืืฒึทืš ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ! 

ื›'ืฐื•ืขืœ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข, ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื ื•ื˜ืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืข ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื‘ืŸ, 
ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ, ืฐืฒึทื™ื˜ืขืจ ืฉืคึผื™ื ืขืŸ 

ื“ืขื ืคืึธื“ืขื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืืฒื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ืคืจื™ื™ื“, 

ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ื™ื“ ืฐืึธืก ื“ืึทืจืฃ ืคืึทืจ ืึทืœืขืžืขืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืฒึทื™ืขืจ-- 


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ืฉืžืขื™ื” 
ืึทื‘ื™ื’ื™ืœ 
ืฉืžืขื™ื” 


ืึทื‘ื™ื’ื™ืœ 
ืฉืžืขื™ื” 


ืึทื‘ื™ื’ื™ืœ 
ืฉืžืขื™ื” 
ืึทื‘ื™ื’ื™ืœ 


ืฉืžืขื™ื” 
ืึทื‘ื™ื’ื™ืœ 


ืฉืžืขื™ื” 


ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ ืื™ื™ืš ืึธื ื–ืึธื’ืŸ, ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ื™ื“, 
ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ ื–ื™ ืคืจื™ื™ืœืขืš ืื•ื™ืกืจื•ืคืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื™ื“, 
ืคื•ืŸ ืคืœืึทืžืขืŸ ืคึฟืฒึทืขืจ! 
(ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทื’ืœืฒื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื“ืกื”ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขืคืึธืœื’, ื ืึธืš ื–ื™ ื‘ืœืึทื“ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื‘ืึทื’ืœืฒื˜ืขืจ - ืึธืคึผ ืจืขื›ื˜ืก, ืฆื•ื 
ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’) 
(ืฐื™ ื’ืขืฆื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื ืึธืš ื–ื™ื™, ื•ื™ ืžื™ื˜ื’ืขืจื™ืกืŸ ื ืึธืš ืจืขื›ื˜ืก, ื‘ืœื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฉื˜ืจืขืงื˜ืขืจ ื”ืึทื ื˜ ืฆื•ื ื•ื•ืขื’, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืžื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืกืฆืขื ืข) 
(ืงื•ืžื˜ ื‘ืึทื–ืึธืจื’ื˜ ืฆื• ืื™ื ืฆื•) 
ืฆื• ื•ื•ืขืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธืกื˜ื• ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฉื˜ืจืขืงื˜ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜? 
ืฆื• ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืŸ ื–ื™ื™-- 
ืฆื• ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืŸ... 
ืขืก ื˜ื•ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื•ื™ 
ืื•ื™ืฃ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืŸ, ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืŸ ื–ื™ื™-- 
ืื•ืŸ ื›'ืงืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜, ื›'ืงืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืจื™ื™ื“ืŸ... 
ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ื ืœื™ื‘ -- 
ื”ืึธืกื˜ ืœื™ื‘, ื”ืึธืกื˜ ืœื™ื‘ ื–ื™ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืŸ -- 
ื›'ืฐื•ืึธืœื˜ ืฐืขืœืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฐื™ ืื™ื™ื ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™.., 
(ื’ืœืขื˜ ืื™ืจ ื“ื™ ื”ืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ) 
ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืึท ื’ื•ื˜ืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ... 
ืื•ืŸ ืึท ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ืขืจ ื™ื™ึธื“. 
ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื ื™ื˜... 
ืึท ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ืขืจ ื™ื™ึทื“! ื‘ืึทืงืขื 'ืก... 
ืื™ ืขืจ, ืื™... ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขืคืึธืœื’! 
ื–ื™ ื–ืขืขืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฅ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืขืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืคืึธืœืง... 
ื‘ืึทืงืึธืŸ ืขืก! 
ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ื ืจื—ืžื ื•ืช - 
ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ื ืœื™ื‘... 
ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ื“ ืื™ื– ืึทื–ืฑ ืื•ืžืขื˜ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืจื™ื‘, 
ืึทืŸ ืขืœื ื˜ืข ืึทื–ืึท ืึท ืคืจื™ื™ื“, ืึท ืคืจืขืžื“ืข ... 
ืึท ืคืจื™ื™ื“ ืฆื• ืคืจืขืžื“ืข ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืจืขืžื“ืข ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฉื˜ืฑืกืŸ, 
ืึท ืคืจื™ื™ื“-- ื”ื’ื ืึท ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข 
ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืขืžื˜ ื ื™ื˜, ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ื ืขื, 
ื ื™ื˜ ื™ืขื ืขื, ื ื™ื˜ ืึทืœืฒืŸ ื–ื™ืš, 
20 


ืึท ืคืจื™ื™ื“ ืื•ืŸ ืึทื–ืฑ ืื™ื™ื ื–ืึทื... 

ืึท ืคืจื™ื™ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜-- 

ื–'ืฐืึทืจืคื˜ ืึธืŸ ืึท ืงืขืœื˜... 

ืึท ืฆืขืงืœืขืžื˜ืข ื ืขื‘ืขืš, ืึท ืคืึทืจืฉืขืžื˜ืข, 

ืึท ืคืจื™ื™ื“ -- ืคืึทืจืžืจื”-ืฉื—ื•ืจื”ื˜ืข, 

ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ืคืœืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ืคืœื˜ืข ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ืจืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ืืฑืกื’ืขืฐืึทืงืกืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืจ ื˜ื™ืฃ... 


ืงื•ืœื™ื” (ืฉืจื™ื™ื˜) 
ื™ืจืžื™ื”ื•ืก ื‘ืจื™ื•ื•! 
ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืงืœืœื”! 

ืึทื‘ื™ื’ื™ืœ (ืคืึทืœื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืœื™ื™ืฆืข ืฆื• ืฆื• ืฉืžืขื™ื”ืŸ, ื“ืึธืก ื’ืขื–ื™ื›ื˜ ืฆื•ื ืคืึธื˜ืขืจ) 
ืขืจ ืฐื•ืฆื˜ ืื™ื ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจื‘ืจืขื ืขืŸ, ื ื™ื™ืŸ! 

ืงื•ืœื™ื” ื–ืึธืœ ืขืจ! ื–ืึธืœ ืขืจ! 

ืฉืžืขื™ื” (ืœืึธื–ื˜ ืื™ืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืœืŸ) 


ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืŸ... 
ืขืจ ืžืขื’ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืจื•ื“ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ.- 
ืื•ืŸ ืžืขื’ ืขืก ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื–ื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึธืจื‘ืŸ - 
ื–ืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื“ืขื ื™ื—ื™ื“ืก ืคึผืฒึทื™ืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืึทืฐื™ื™ื ื˜ ื–ืึธืœ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืึทืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืงืขืจ ืึท ืงืจื‘ืŸ! 
ืึทื‘ื™ื’ื™ืœ (ืœืึธื–ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคืึทืจื—ืœืฉื˜ ืึทืจืึธืคึผ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืจ'ืขืจื“, ื ืขื‘ืŸ ืฉืžืขื™ื”ืŸ) 
ืฉืžืขื™ื” ืึทื‘ื™ื’ื™ืœ... ืึธ! ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื–? ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื–? 
ื“ื• ืคืึทืœืกื˜? ืคืึทืœืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคื™ืก? 
ืœื™ื’, ืœื™ื’ -- ืื•ืŸ ื–ืึธื’ ื ื™ื˜, ื’ืึธืจื ื™ื˜ ืžืขืจ, 
ืœื™ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืฐื™ื™ื˜ืึธื’ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก 
ืื•ืŸ ื–ืึธื’ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืก 
ืคืึทืจ ื•ื•ืขืžืขืŸ ืกื™ืคืึทืœื˜ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืจืขืจ... 
ื”ืึธืกื˜ ืคืึทืจื‘ืจืึธื›ืŸ, ืฉื‘ื ื, ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจื‘ืœื•ื˜ื™ืงื˜ืข, ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜-- 
ืคืึทืจื‘ืจืขืš! ืคืึทืจื‘ืจืขืš! 
ืื•ืŸ ื–ืึธื’ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืึธืจื ื™ื˜... ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืื•ืžืขื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจืฉืฐืขืš! 
ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืฒึทื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื•ื“ืขืจ -- 
ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” 
ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืคืึทืจืœืขื ื“ื˜! 
ืึทื‘ื˜ืœื™ื”, ืึธ, ื”ืฒื™ืœื™ืงืขืจ ื“ื• ื–ื™ื ื’ืขืจ! 


21 


ืึทื‘ื˜ืœื™ื” - 


ืฉืžืขื™ื” 


ืึทื‘ื˜ืœื™ื” 

ืฉืžืขื™ื” 

ื“ื™ ื’ื•ืœื™ื 
ืฉืžืขื™ื” 

ืชื”ืœื™ื ืงืœ"ื– ื) 
ืขืœ ื ื”ืจื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืœ 

ืฉื ื™ืฉื‘ื ื• ื’ื ื‘ื›ื™ื ื• 


ื‘ื–ื›ืจื ื• ืืช ืฆื™ื•ืŸ 


ื‘) 
ืขืœ ืขืจื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื” 


ืชืœื™ื ื• ื›ื ื•ืจื•ืชื™ื ื• 


ื’) 


ื–ื™ื ื’ ืึท ืœื™ื“ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ืึทืœืข ืื•ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ืŸ -- 
ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืจ ื–ื™ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจื’ืขืœื˜ื•ื ื’... 
ืจื•ืฃ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื˜ืจืขืจ -- ืื•ืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืฐื•ืขืจืŸ ื’ืจื™ื ื’ืขืจ. 
(ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืจืขื›ื˜ืข, ืคืึทืจื‘ืœื•ื˜ื™ืงื˜ืข ื”ืึทื ื˜) 

ื•ื™ ืงืขืŸ ืื™ืš ื–ื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึธืคึผื ืขื”ืึทืงื˜ืข ืคื™ื ื’ืขืจ... 
ื“ืฒึทื™ืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฃ ืึทื”ืขืจ! 

ื“ืึธืก ืžืึธืœ ืฐืขืœ ืื™ืš ื“ื™ืจ ื–ื™ื ื’ืขืŸ, 

ืื•ืŸ ื“ื•, ื“ื• ืœืึธื– ืึท ื˜ืจืขืจ... 

(ื˜ืจืึธื’ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืœื™ื ืงืขืจ ื”ืึทื ื˜ ืื™ื ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื”ืึทืจืฃ) 

(ืงืœืึทืคึผื˜ ืึท ืคืึทืจืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ืคืœื˜ืŸ ืึทืงืึธืจื“ ืื•ื™ืก) 

ื•ื•ื™ื™ ืื•ื ื“ื–! 

(ืงืœืึทืคึผื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ืึธืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื˜ืจื•ื ืขืก, ืขืก ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜-ืฉื˜ื™ืœ) 

ื‘ืฒึท ื‘ื‘ืœืก ื˜ืฒึทื›ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืกืขืจืŸ 

ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขื–ืขืกืŸ, 

ืึทืœืข ืžื™ืจ ืคืึทืจืฆืึธื’ื˜ 

ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืงืœืึธื’ื˜, ื’ืขืงืœืึธื’ื˜, 

ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ึดืขืŸ-- 

ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื–ื™ืš ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืึธืŸ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ. 


ืื•ื™ืฃ ื•ื•ืขืจื‘ืขืก ืื•ืžืขื˜ื™ืงืข, ื‘ืึทื ื’ืข 
ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื“ื™ ื”ืึทืจืคืŸ ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขื”ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ. 


ืฐืฒึทืœ ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ, ื‘ืจื™ื“ืขืจ 

ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข, ื“ื™ ืคืึทื ื’ืขืจ 

ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืคืึทืจืœืึทื ื’ื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜: 

ืœื™ื“ืขืจ! 

ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ืฆืขื˜ืจืขื˜ืขืจ , 

ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ืœื™ื™ื“ 

ื’ืขื‘ืขื˜ืŸ: 

ืคืจื™ื™ื“! 

ื–ื™ืš ื”ื•ื™ืš ืฆืขืฉืจื™ืขืŸ: 

ื–ื™ื ื’ื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ืขื–ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ! 
272 


ื“) 


ื”) 


0 


0 


ื—) 


ื˜) 


ื•ื™ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ื”ืขืจ 
ืื•ื™ืฃ ืคืจืขืžื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“? 


ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืš ืคืึทืจื’ืขืก, ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึธืŸ ื“ื™ืจ-- 
ืึธ ื’ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜ืขืจ! 

ืคืึทืจื’ืขืก ืึธืŸ ืžื™ืจ, 

ืคืึทืจื’ืขืก ืžืฒึทืŸ ืจืขื›ื˜ืขืจ! 


ื–ืึธืœ ืฆื•ื’ืขืงืœืขืคึผื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฆื•ื ื’ ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืฆื• ืžืฒึทืŸ ื’ื•ืžืขืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืึท ืฐืึธืจื˜ ืึทืจืฑืกืจืฒื“ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืงืึธื ืขืŸ.- 

ืื•ื™ื‘ ื›'ื•ื•ืขืœ ื“ื™ืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ืขืŸ-- 

ืื ืœึนื ืึทืขึฒืœึธื”, 

ืื•ื™ื‘ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืฐืขื˜ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื ื™ื˜ ืึทืจื•ืคื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ 

ืื•ื™ืฃ ืžืฒึทื ืข ืฉื‚ื™ืžื—ื•ืช ืึทืœืข. 


ื’ืขื“ืขื ืง ืขืก ื–ื™ื™, ืึธ, ื’ืึธื˜, ื“ื™ ื–ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึธื“ื•ื, 

ื“ืขื ื˜ืึธื’ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ืžืก, ืึธ ื’ืขื“ืขื ืง! 

ืื•ืŸ ื–ืึธืœื™ืก ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื’ืขืฉืขื ืงื˜! 

ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืขืก ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜: ืฆืขืจืฒึทืกื˜ ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ืคืขื“ืขื, 
ืฆืขื‘ืจืขื›ื˜, ืฆืขืฉื˜ืขืจื˜ ื™ืขืฆื•ื ื“, 

ืฆืขืขืงื‘ืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ ื‘ื™ื– ื’ืจื•ื ื˜! 


ืึธ ื˜ืึธื›ื˜ืขืจ ื‘ื‘ืœืก, ื–ืฒึท ืคืึทืจืฉืึธืœื˜ืŸ! 

ื”ืึธืกื˜ ืืฑืกื’ืขืคึผืœื™ื ื“ืขืจื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฆืขืœื˜ืŸ ืžื™ืจ, 

ืจื•ื™ื‘ืขืจื™ืŸ ื“ื•, ืฐืึธืก ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜! 

ืฐื•ื•ื™ืœ ื“ืขื ืฐืึธืก ืฐืขื˜ ื‘ืึทืฆืึธืœืŸ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืคืึทืจื’ืขืœื˜ื•ื ื’ ื“ื™ืจ 
ืฐืึธืก ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ืื•ืžื–ื™ืกื˜ 

ืื•ื ื“ื– ืึทืœืขืžืขืŸ ืคืึทืจื’ืึธืœื˜ืŸ... 


ืฐื•ื•ื™ืœ ื“ืขื 

ืฐืึธืก ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืฐื•ืขื˜ ืึท ื ืขื 

ื“ืฒึทื ืข ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ -- 

ืื•ืŸ ืฆืขืฉืžืขื˜ืขืจื˜ ืึทืœืข ื–ื™ ืึธืŸ ืคืขืœื“ื–ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ! 


73 


ื“ื™ ื’ื•ืœื™ื 


ื’ืœืึธืงืŸ 
ืฉืจืืฆืจ 


ื“ื™ ื˜ื•ื™ืขืจืŸ 
ื“ื™ ื’ื•ืœื™ื 


ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ 


ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ ืœ"ื– 
ื) 


ื‘) 


(ืขืจ ืœืึธื–ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึทืจืึธืคึผ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื’ืขื‘ืจืึธื›ืขื ืข ืงื ื™ึดืข{ืŸ, } ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ื˜ ื–ื™ืฆืŸ ื ืขื‘ืŸ ืึทื‘ื™ื’ื™ืœืŸ, ื“ื™ ื”ืึทืจืฃ ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ) 

ื•ื•ื™ื™ ืื•ื ื“ื–, ื•ื•ื™ื™... | 

(ืขืก ืขื ื“ืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืœืฒึทื›ื˜ื•ื ื’. ืก'ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืงื•ื™ื-ืงื•ื™ื ื˜ื•ื ืงืขืœืขืจ) 

(ืฆืขืงืœื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืข ื–ืฒึทื˜ืŸ) 

ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจืฉืจืึธืงืŸ ื–ื™ืš? ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืขืจืฉืจืึธืงืŸ -- 

ืึธืฐื ื˜ื’ืœืึธืงืŸ! 

ืึธื•ื•ื ื˜ื’ืœืขืงืขืจ -- 

ื–ื™ ืฐืึทืจืคืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืฃ ืžื™ืจ ืึท ืฉืจืขืง ืึธืŸ- 

ื‘ื™ื-ื‘ืึทื! ื‘ื™ื-ื‘ืึธื! 

ื•ื™ ื“ืขืจ ืงื•ืœ ื“ืขืจ ืžืขื›ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืืฒึทืขืจืŸ ืึท ื ื‘ื™ื -- 

ื”ืขื™, ืขืคื ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ื™ืš, ื˜ื•ื™ืขืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืœ! | 

ืขืคืŸ ื–ื™ืš, ืึธ ืชึผื”ื•ื! 

(ืขืจ ืคืึทืจืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื“ื˜ ืจืขื›ื˜ืก.) 

(ืขืคืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื–ืฒึทื˜ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ, ืขืก ืึทื ื˜ืคึผืœืขืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคืึทืจ ืึทืœืขืžืขืŸ ืึท ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจืขืจ ืชึผื”ื•ื) 

(ืึท ืฉื•ื™ื“ืขืจืœืขื›ืข ื‘ืึทืฐืขื’ื•ื ื’ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื–ื™ื™, ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฆืจืฒึทืกื ื“ื™ืงืข ื•ื•ื™ื™ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื™ืขืŸ) 

ื•ื•ื™ื™ ืื•ื ื“ื–, ืฐื•ื™ื™! 

(ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืงื•ืœ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฅ ื”ื•ื™ืš, ืœื™ื ืงืก) 

ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, ืžืฒึทืŸ ืคืึธืœืง, ืฉื˜ื™ื™, ืฉื˜ื™ื™! 

(ืฐื™ ืขืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึทืจืึธืคึผื’ืขืงืฒึทืงืœื˜ ื’ื™ืš-ื’ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืจื™ืขืจืขืก, ืขืจ ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืกืฆืขื ืข, ืงื•ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ืœืึทื ื’ ืึทืจื•ื, ื‘ืึทื˜ืจืึธื›ื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ื•ืœื™ื, ืœืึธื–ื˜ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืึทืจืึธืคึผ ื“ืขื ืงืึธืคึผ, ืฉื˜ื•ืžื˜ ืึท ืœืขื ื’ืœืขื›ืข ืฐืฒึทืœืข, ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื”ื•ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืฃ 


ื“ืขื ืงืึธืคึผ, ืงื•ืงื˜ ืฐืฒึทื˜-ืฐืฒึทื˜- ) 


ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื–ืŸ ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืฃ ืžื™ืจ ื“ื™ ื”ืึทื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืึธื˜ 

ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ 

ืฐืฒึทื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ืฐื•ื™ื ื˜ ืึทืจืฑืกื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ืžื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืžืึธืœ, 
ื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ืžื™ืš ืœื™ื’ืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜, ืึทืœืฒืŸ ืžื™ืš 

ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ืึธืœ-- 

ืจ'ืื™ื– ืคื•ืœ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ื™ื™ื ืขืจ. 


ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืึทืจื‘ืฒื™ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ืžื™ืš ืฉื˜ื•ื 
ืื•ืŸ ืจื•ื ื“ ืึทืจื•ื 

ืคืึทืจ ื–ื™ื™-- ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ: 

ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืึธืŸ ืึท ืฆืึธืœ 


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2 


ื“) 


ื”) 


0 


( 


ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื–ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ืึธืœ-- 
ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืจื•ืงืŸ, ื˜ืจื•ืงืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ. 


ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ืš ื’ืขืคืจืขื’ื˜: ื‘ืŸ-ืื“ื, ื–ืึธื’: 

ืฆื™ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืœืขื‘ืŸ ื ืึธืš ื“ื™ ืึท ื‘ื™ื™ื ืขืจ? 

ืื•ืŸ ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื˜: ื“ื•! ื“ื• ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืขืก ื’ืึธื˜; 
ื“ื• ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ! | 


ืื•ืŸ ืจ'ื”ืึธื˜ ืฆื• ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜: ื’ื™ื™, ื–ืึธื’ ืคืึธืจืฑืก, 
ื–ืึธื’ ื ื‘ื™ืื•ืช ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื“ืึธ, ื“ื™ ืึทืœืข: 

ื”ืขืจื˜ ื‘ื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื˜ืจื•ืงืขื ืข, ื‘ื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจืคืึทืœืŸ -- 
ื’ืึธื˜ืก ืฐืึธืจื˜ ื”ืขืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืก! 


ืึทื–ืฑ ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื’ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืึทืจ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืึธ ื‘ื™ื™ื ืขืจ: 
ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ ืึท ื’ืฒึทืกื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืืฒึทืš ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ ื™ืขืฆื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืŸ, 
ืื™ืš, ืื™ืš ืึทืœื™ื™ืŸ-- 

ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืฐื•ืขื˜ ืœืขื‘ืŸ! 


ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ ืึธื“ืขืจืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืืฒึทื™ืš ืคืึทืจืฆื™ืขืŸ, - 

ืื•ืŸ ืœืึธื– ืึท ืœืฒึทื‘ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืืฒึทืš ื™ืขืฆื˜ ืื•ื™ืคื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฆืขื‘ืœื™ืขืŸ, 
ื›'ื•ื•ืขืœ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื”ื•ื˜ ืืฒึทื™ืš ืึทืœืขืžืขืŸ ื‘ืึทืฐืขื‘ืŸ, 

ืื•ืŸ ืึท ื’ืฒึทืกื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืืฒึทื™ืš ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ ื™ืขืฆื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืŸ-- 

ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืฐืขื˜ ืœืขื‘ืŸ! 


ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ, ืื™ืจ ืึทืœืข, ืึธื˜-- 


ืึทื– ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ืึธื˜! 


... ืื•ืŸ ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื ื‘ื™ืื•ืช -- ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืงืœืึธืจืข 
ืึทื–ืฑ ืฐื•ื™ ืžื™ืจ ืื™ื– ืึธื ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ;-- 

ืื•ืŸ ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื”ืขืจืŸ ืฐืฒึทื˜ ืึท ืงื•ืœ 

ื‘ืขืช ืžืฒึทืŸ ื ื‘ื™ืื•ืช ื–ืึธื’ืŸ-- 

ืื•ืŸ ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ืึท ื˜ื•ืžืœ ื–ื™ืš ืึทื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ 

ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ืึธืœ-- 

ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืึทืœืข 


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ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจื ืขื ื˜ืขืจื˜, ืฆื•ื’ืขืคืึทืœืŸ 
ื•ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึทืœืฒืŸ -- 
ื‘ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆึดืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ืืจ ื 2 


ื—) ืื•ืŸ ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ: 
ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืึธื“ืขืจืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ื™ื™ ืคืึทืจืฆื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ืึท ืœืฒึทื‘ ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ ืจื•ื™ื˜-- 
ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืื™ื ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคืึทืจื•ื•ืขื‘ื˜ ืฐืฒึทืก-ืฐืฒึทืก 
ืึท ื”ื•ื™ื˜-- 
ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื”ืึทื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืฒึทื™ืกื˜! 


ื˜) ืื•ืŸ ืจ'ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืžื™ืจ: ื”ืขืจ! 
ื’ื™ ื–ืึธื’ ื ื‘ื™ืื•ืช ืึธืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ืฒึทืกื˜, ื–ืึธื’ ืึธืŸ ืื™ื: 
ื–ืึธื’, ื–ืึธื’ ื ื‘ื™ืื•ืช ืื™ื, ื‘ืŸ-ืึธื“ื, ื’ื™ ื‘ืึทืงืึธืŸ ืื™ื -- 
ืึทื–ืฑ ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื’ืึธื˜, ื“ืขืจ ื”ืขืจ: 
ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืข ืขืงืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ 
ืงื•ื, ื’ืฒึทืกื˜, ืฆื• ืฉื•ื•ืขื‘ืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืœืึธื– ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขื”ืจื’ืขื˜ืข ืึท ื–ืขืœ, 
ืื•ืŸ ื–ืึธืœืŸ ืึทืœืข ื“ื™ ื“ืึธ ืœืขื‘ืŸ! 


0 /ืื•ืŸ ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืคึฟืึธืจืฑืกื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜, ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื ื‘ื™ืื•ืช -- 
ื•ื™ ืจ'ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืึทืคื•ืœืŸ ืžื™ืš -- 
ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ ืึท ื’ื™ื™ืกื˜, ืึท ื—ื™ื•ืช, 
ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขืœืขื‘ื˜, ื–ื™ ืึทืœืข ื’ื™ืš, 
ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืคื™ืก ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜: 
ืึท ืžื—ื ื” ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืื•ืŸ ืฉืคึผืึธืจ 
ื‘ื™ื– ื’ืึธืจ! ื‘ื™ื– ื’ืึธืจ! 
ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜! 


ื™ื) ืื•ืŸ ืจ'ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืึทื–ืฑ ืžื™ืจ: ืžืขื ื˜ืฉื ืงื™ื ื“-- 
ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ื ืขืจ, ืึธ- 
ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื“ื™ืจ ื“ืึธ 
ื‘ืึทื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ -- 
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ื“ืึธืก ื”ื•ื™ื– ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ ืื™ื– ืขืก! 

ืึธื˜ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืคืึทืจืื•ืžืขืจื˜: 

ื•ื•ื™ื™ ืื•ื ื“ื–, ื•ื•ื™ื™ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื ื“-- 

ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื˜ืจื™ืงื ื˜ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื“ืึธ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื”ืึธืคืขื ื•ื ื’ ื’ืขื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจืœืึธืจืŸ -- 

ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ... 


ื™ื‘) ื“ืขืจืคึฟืึทืจ ื–ืึธื’ ื–ื™ื™ ื ื‘ื™ืื•ืช, ื–ืึธื’ ื–ื™ื™, ื–ืึธื’ ื“ืขืจืคึผืึทืจ 
ืึทื–ืฑ ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื’ืึธื˜, ื“ืขืจ ื”ืึทืจ: 
ืื™ืš ืขืคืŸ ืืฒึท'ืจืข ืงื‘ืจื™ื ืื•ื™ืฃ, 
ืื•ืŸ ื ืขื ื“ื™ืš, ืคืึธืœืง ื“ื• ืžืฒึทืŸ, ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืฒึทื ืข ืงื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืึทืœื“ ืึทืจืฑืฃ, 
ืื•ืŸ ื›'ื•ื•ืขืœ ืืฒึทืš ื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืจื˜ 
ืืฒึทืš ืึทืœืข ืื•ื™ืฃ ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœืก ืขืจื“-- 


ื™ื’) ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืฐืขื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ืึทื– ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ืึธื˜, ืฐืึธืก ืขืคื ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ 
ื“ื™ ืงื‘ืจื™ื ืืฒึท'ืจืข, 
ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืจืขื ื’ื˜ ืืฒึทื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื‘ืจื™ื ืืฒึทืขืจืข ืึทืจืฑืฃ, 
ืืฒึทืš ื˜ืฒึทืขืจืข, 
ืึธ, ืคืึธืœืง ื“ื• ืžืฒื™ืŸ! 


ื™ื“) ืื•ืŸ ื›'ืฐื•ืขืœ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื’ืฒึทืกื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืืฒึทืš ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ ื™ืขืฆื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืฐื•ืขื˜ ืœืขื‘ืŸ! 
ืื•ืŸ ื›'ื•ื•ืขืœ ืืฒึทืš ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืจื•ืขืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืจื˜ 
ืื•ื™ืฃ ืืฒึทืขืจ ืขืจื“, 
ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืฐืขื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืึทื– ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ืึธื˜ 
ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืืฒึทื›'ืก ืึธื ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜... 
ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘'ืก ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืืฒึทืš ืึธืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘'ืก ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ, -- 
ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื’ืึธื˜! 


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ืึทืจื™ื™ื ืคื™ืจ 16 


ืึทืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉืŸ ื˜ืขืึทื˜ืขืจ-ืฉืคึผื™ืœ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ืžืœื—ืžื”, 
ืชืžื•ื–-ืื‘ ืชืจืฆ"ื, ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ: "ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืจื•ืขื™ื; ืœื™ืœื” ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื. ื—ื–ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืขืจื›ื” ืื—ืช" -- ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ 
ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ: ืื—ื“ื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”; ื™ืจื—ื•ืŸ ืžืคืœื’ืช ืคื•ืขืœื™ ืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื›ืจืš ืฉืœื™ืฉื™, ื—ื•ื‘ืจืช ืจืืฉื•ื ื” -- ืฉื ื™ื™ื”, 
ื™ื’ื™ื™ื“, ืขืž' 53-- 73, 

ื“ืึธ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ืฆื•ื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ื ื•ืกื— ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืจืึทื’ืžืขื ื˜ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื™ืฆื—ืง 
ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฆื•ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืืฑื™ืฃ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ, ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ. ืื™ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ื ื•ึนืกื— ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืคืึธืจื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืกืฒึท 
ืกื˜ืจื•ืงื˜ื•ืจืึทืœืข ืื•ืŸ ืกืฒึท ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ื•ืึทืœืข ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื -- ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื–ื™ ืึทื–ืฑื ืข ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืึท ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ืขืจ ืคึผื•ืขืœ-ื™ื•ืฆื ืคื•ื ืขื 
ืกื˜ืจื•ืงื˜ื•ืจ-ืื™ื‘ืขืจื‘ื•ื™ -- ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืคืึทืจืฐืึทื ื“ืœืขืŸ ื“ืขื ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ึดืฉืŸ ืืฒื™ื ืึทืงื˜ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืจืฒึท 
ืึทืงื˜ืŸ. ืื•ื™ืš ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืึทืจืฒึทื ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ, ื“ืขืจ ืขื™ืงืจ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜-ืฆื•ื’ืึธื‘ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืฉืคึผื™ื’ืœืขืŸ ืึธืคึผ 
ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ื‘ืึทื–ื™ื ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ื ืขื ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ึดืฉืŸ ืžืงื•ืจ, ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื•ืžืงื•ื-ืชึผืงื•ืคื” ื‘ืขืชืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ 
ื’ืขื˜ืึธ-ืคึผืขืจื™ืึธื“ (ื–ืข ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจื’ืขืงื•ืžืขื ืข ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืฉืŸ ืฆื•ื”ืึทื ื’). 

ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืข, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜, ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคืึทืจืึทืŸ, ืก'ืื™ื– ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืงืœืึธืจ ืึทื– ืื•ื™ืš "ืึทืจื•ื 
ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื" ืื™ื– ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ ืจืขืคึผืขืจื˜ื•ืึทืจ-ื‘ืึทื“ืขืจืคืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™. ืง'ืก 
ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ืจืึทืžืงืจืฒึทื–. ื‘ืขืช ืึทืœืข ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข ืจืขืคึผืขืจื˜ื•ืึทืจ-ืฐืขืจืง ืื™ืŸ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ึดืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ืžืœื—ืžื”, ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™. 
ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืขืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื”ืฑืคึผื˜ ืœืฉื ืจืขืคึผืขืจื˜ื•ืึทืจ-- ื•ื™ ืึท ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ึดืขืจื™ืฉืŸ 
ืึธื ืฉื˜ืจืขื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืจื•ืจ-ื”ื—ืœื•ืฅ ืึธื ืฆื•ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ-ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ (ื–ืข: ื ื•ืž' 3, 10, 11, 17) - ืื™ื– ืึธื‘ืขืจ 
"ืึทืจื•ืก ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื" ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืงืข ื•ื•ืขืจืง ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืœืขืš. ื ืึธืš ืžืขืจ, ื“ืขืจ ื–ื™ืŸ 
ืคึฟื•ืŸ "ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืจื•ืขื™ื" ืื™ื– ืคึผืึทืจื˜ื™ืคื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ื•ืึทืœืข ืฆื•ื’ืึธื‘ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืึทื ืฆืข ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ 
ื ืึธืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืึทืจื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืขืจื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ, - ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ืคืึทืจืฐืึทื ื“ืœื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืœืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท 
ื˜ืจื™ืœืึธื’ื™ืข ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ "ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื’ืœื•ื™ื•ืช". - 

ื“ื™ ื˜ืจื™ืœืึธื’ื™ืข "ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ-ื’ืœื•ื™ื•ืช" ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขื ืฉื˜ืขืœ, ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื‘ื™ื– ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื•ืžื‘ืึทืงืึทื ื˜, ืœืขืฆื˜ื ืก ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื–ื™ืš ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึทืจื›ื™ื•ื• ืคื•ืŸ "ื”ื‘ื™ืžื”" ื“ืขืจ ืžืขื’ืœืขื›ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืคึผืœืึทื ื˜ืขืจ 
ื˜ืจื™ืœืึธื’ื™ืข -- ืึท ืคึผืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืึทืงื˜, ืื•ื™ืฃ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ึดืฉ, ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ "ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื’ืœื•ื™ื•ืช". ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืข ืื™ื– 
ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคืึทืจืึทืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืืฒื™ื ืึทืงื˜ืขืจืก ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืฆืขื ื˜ืจืึทืœืข ืคื™ื’ื•ืจ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึทืกื˜ืขืš, ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืจื•ื™ืžืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื ื—ืžื™ื” 
ื“ืขืจ ื—ืœื•ืฅ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื. ืขืก ืฐืฒึทื–ื˜ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืืฑืก ืึทื– ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืœืึทืŸ ืคืึทืจ ืึท ื˜ืจื™ืœืึธื’ื™ืข ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื‘ืฒึท 
ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืขืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ, ื‘ืขืชืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ "ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืจื•ืขื™ื", ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจื•ืึทื ื“ืœื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ 
ืื™ืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ. ืžืข ื“ืึทืจืฃ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ืขืŸ ืึทื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉืŸ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜, ืื™ืŸ "ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืจื•ืขื™ื" -- ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ื˜ 
ืฆื•ื ืกื•ืฃ ืึธืคืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขื’ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจ ืึท ื”ืžืฉืš: "ื ืฉื—ืง ืœื• ? ืœืืœื™ื”ื•.+ ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ ืืช ื”ืืงื˜ ื”ืฉื ื™. ืœื ื ืจืฃ ืžึธื ื• ืขื“ 
ืื ื”ืฉืœื™ื ืขื ื”ื“ื•ืจ...". ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ืกื™ื™ "ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื’ืœื•ื™ื•ืช" ืื•ืŸ ืกืฒึท "ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืจื•ืขื™ื" ื•ื™ ืื•ื™ืš "ืึทืจื•ื 
ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื", ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืคึผืจื™ื ืฆื™ืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื˜ืขืึทื˜ืขืจ-ืฉืคึผื™ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื˜ืขืึทื˜ืขืจ-ืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ื–ืฒึทืขื ื“ื™ืง ืืœื™ื”ื• ื“ืขืจ 
ืคึผืึทืกื˜ืขืš, ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทืœื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืžืึทื›ื˜ ืึทื“ื•ืจืš ืึท ืฉื™ื ื•ื™, ื•ื™ ืึท ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืึธืจื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ืŸ. ืืœื™ื”ื• ื’ืขืคื™ื ื˜ 
ื–ื™ืš ื“ืึธ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืขืœื‘ืŸ ืžืฆื‘ ื•ื™ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผื•ื‘ืœื™ืงื•ื, ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืคึผืึธืจื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขืึทื˜ืขืจ-ืฉืคึผื™ืœ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข 
ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืข ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ("ืึทืจื•ื ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื") ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉืฒื™ื“ืขื ืข ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ื˜ื™ืคึผืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืœื•ืช ืฐืึธืก ืงืขืจืŸ ื–ื™ืš 
ืื•ื ืื™ืŸ ืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ ("ืงื‘ื•ืฅ ื’ืœื•ื™ื•ืช"), ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืขืงื–ื™ืกื˜ืขื ืฅ-ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืึทื˜ื™ืง. ืžืขืŸ ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืžืฉืขืจ 


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ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืึทื– ื“ืขืจ ื“ืจื™ื˜ืขืจ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืจื™ืœืึธื’ื™ืข, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื•ื™ ืขืก ืฐืฒึทื•ื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ -- ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื‘ืึทื“ืึทืจืคื˜ ื“ืขืจื’ืึทื ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ืคึผืŸ-ื’ืึทืœืขืจื™ืข ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืกืึธืจื˜ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืึทื˜ื™ืง ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื˜ืขืึทื˜ืขืจ-ืฉืคึผื™ืœ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ 
ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ, ืื™ืŸ ืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ. | 

ื“ื™ ืึทืœืข ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืึทืจืฒึทื ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ "ืึทืจื•ื ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื" ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืฐืฒึทื– ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขื 
ืึทืงื˜ื•ืขืœืŸ ื‘ืึทื˜ืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ื ืขื ืื™ื ื”ืึทืœื˜ ืคื•ืŸ "ืึทืจื•ื ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื", ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทื ืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ืจืึธืœ ืฐืึธืก ื™.ืง. ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜ ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขื ืฐื•ืขืจืง ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ-ืฉืึทืคืŸ. ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึทื˜ืข -- ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ -- ืงืขืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ 
ื•ื™ ืึท ื”ืฉืขืจื” ื“ืึธืก ื™ืึธืจ 1941 (ื–ืข ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ืžืขื ื˜ืึทืœืก ืจืฉื™ืžื”, ื ื•ืž' 21). ืึท ื’ืขื ื•ื™ืขืจืข ื“ืึทื˜ืข ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ, 
ืื•ื™ืš ื•ื™ ืึท ื”ืฉืขืจื”, ืึดื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืคื•ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื, ืชืฉื›"ื˜, ื ื•ืž' 18: ืฉื‘ื˜ - ืื“ืจ ื—ืฉ"ื 117 ื˜ืขืจ 
ื™ืึทื ื•ืึทืจ-- 20 ื˜ืขืจ ืžืขืจืฅ 1941 6. "ืึทืจื•ื ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื" ืื™ื– ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืคืึทืจืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ืจืึทืžืงืจืฒึทื–, ืื•ืŸ 
ื•ื™ ืขืก ื–ืขื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื ืข, ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฆื™ ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืื™ื– 
"ืึทืจื•ื ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื" ืคืึธืจื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ. ืื™ืŸ ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืึธืคึผื’ืขืจืึทื˜ืขืฐืขื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืขืŸ 
ืคืึทืจืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจ, ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื‘ืœืฒึทื™ืคืขื“ืขืจ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืคืฉื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’, ืื•ื™ืš ื“ื™ ื ืขืžืขืŸ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืงื˜ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขืึทื˜ืขืจ-ืฉืคึผื™ืœ: ื—ื•ื•ื”, ืฉื‚ืจื”, ื™ื—ื™ืืœ, ืจื•ื“ืึธืœืฃ, ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืขืจื’, ืืกืชืจ ืื•ืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– 
ืื•ืžืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืฆื• ื“ืขืฉื™ืคืจื™ืจืŸ. ื“ืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžืŸ-ื”ืกืชึผื ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ืชึผืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืื•ืŸ ืชึผืœืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื”ื™ื™ืžืขืจ ื’ื™ืžื ืึทื–ื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ "ื“ืจื•ืจ". ื“ืขืจ ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“ ื’ืขืคื™ื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื™.ืง.-ืึทืจื›ื™ื•ื• ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ืœื•ื–ืžื™ ื”ื’ื™ื˜ืื•ืช, 
ืจืขื’ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ืจื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื ื•ืž' 811/1007. ื“ื™ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืงื˜ื™ืึธืจืŸ ื–ืข ื“ืึธ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ, ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–' 380, 

ืื™ืŸ ืชึผื•ืš, ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ "ืึทืจื•ื ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื" ืฆื•ื ื–ืฉืึทื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฐื•ื™ื–ื™ืึธื ืขืจื™ืฉืขืจ ื“ืจืึทืžืข, ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ืขืก ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ 
ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืฆื™ ืžืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ืŸ, ืฆื™ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทืœื˜ืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื’ืขื”ืขืจืŸ ื›ืจืึธื ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืฉ ืฆื• ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข ืฐืฒึทื™ื˜ืข 
ืชึผื—ื•ืžื™ื ืื•ืŸ ืึธืคื˜ ืžืึธืœ ืื•ื™ืš ืฆื• ื’ืึธืšึฐ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ืŸ, ืกืฒึท ืจืขืึทืœืข ืกืฒึทื™ ืืฑืกื’ืขื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืข. ืžืขืจ ื•ื™ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท 
ืคืึทืจืžืขืกื˜ ืฆืฐื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ืŸ ื“ืจืึทืžืึทื˜ื™ืฉืข ืฐื•ืขืจืง ื‘ืึทื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ืงืึธื ืคึผืจืึธื ื˜ืึทืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ 
ืฐื•ืขืœื˜ื‘ืึทื ืขืžืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื“ืขืขืก. 

ื“ืขืจ ืฉืฐืขืจืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื“ืจืึทืžืข ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืขืคื•ื ื’ ืคื•ื ืขื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ื“ื•ืจ ื—ืœื•ืฆื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื-ื‘ืขืจื’, ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื•ื•ืขืœื˜-ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช, ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืฐื•ึผืกื˜ืข ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ 
ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข: ืฉืื•ืœ ื”ืžืœืš, ื“ื ื™ืืœ, ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื‘ืŸ-ืžืชึผืชื™ื”ื• ืื•ืŸ ืฉืœืžื” ืžื•ืœื›ื•. ื“ื™ ื“ืจืึทืžืึทื˜ื™ืฉืข ืฉืคึผืึทื ื•ื ื’ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ื˜ 
ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขืึทื˜ืขืจ-ืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืกืžืš ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขืฉืคึผืจืขื›ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ืขื ืคึผืึทืจื—ืœื•ืžื˜ืŸ ืืœื™ื”ื•, ื“ืขื ืคึผืึธืขื˜, ื•ื•ืขืžืขืŸ ืขืก ืฆื™ื˜ 
ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ืชึผื "ืš ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ืื•ื™ืคื˜ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜. ืืœื™ื”ื• ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืขื˜, ืžืฒึทื“ื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• 
ืคืึทืจืžืขืกื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ืฆื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜, ืื™ืจืข ื”ืฆื˜ืจื›ื•ืชืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืึทื˜ื™ืง, ื“ืขืจ ืขื™ืงืจ ืฐืฒึทืœ ืขืจ ืžื™ื ื“ืขืจืฉืึทืฆื˜ 
ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืขื ื“ื•ืจ ื—ืœื•ืฆื™ื. ืื™ืŸ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ึดืฉืŸ ืึธืจื™ื’ื™ื ืึทืœ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื“ื™ ืฐื™ื–ื™ืึธื’ืขืจื™ืฉืข ื“ื™ืžืขื ืกื™ืข 
ื’ืขืคื•ืจืขืžื˜ ืฐื™ ืึท ืžื™ืŸ ื”ืงืฉืจ ืคืึทืจ ื“ื™ ื—ืœื•ืฆื™ืฉืข ื–ื•ื›ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื ืึธืš ืชึผืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืคืจืึทื’ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืื™ืฆื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ. 

ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ-ืฐื™ืจืงืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ-ื ื•ืกื— ืคื•ืŸ "ืึทืจื•ื ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื", ืžืžื™ืœื 
ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื˜ืŸ ืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ, ืฆื™ ืคืึทืจื˜ื™ื™ื˜ืฉื˜, ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจืฑืœื™ืงืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ืจืงืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืฑืœืŸ 
ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืŸ ื ืึทืฆื™ื™ืจืขื–ืฉื™ื. ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืึทื˜ื™ืง ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืคืึทืจืฉืึทืจืคื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืชึผืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคึฟืจืึทื’ืŸ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึท ื ืึธืš 
ื’ืจืขืกืขืจืข ื•ืึธื’ ืื•ืŸ ืึทื ื˜ืฉืฒื“ื ื“ืข ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜, 

ื“ืึธืก ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืจื•ืช-ืคืึทืจืžื™ื ืขืจื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืจื•ืช-ื“ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื‘ื•ื ื’, ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืขื™ืงืจ-ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืžืคืจื ืก 
ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืึทื˜ื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก "ืึทืจื•ื ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื", ืฐืึธืก ื“ืจื™ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืฑืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืื™ื ื˜ืขืœืขืงื˜ื•ืขืœืขืจ ืฉืคึผืึทื ื•ื ื’ ืฆื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื“ืขื ืคึผืึธืขื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื—ืœื•ืฆื™ื, ืึทืจื•ื ื“ืขืจ ืคึฟืจืึทื’ืข -- ื•ื™ ืึทื–ืฑื™ 
ืึทืจื•ื ืžืข ื“ืึทืจืฃ ื–ื™ืš ืคืึทืจืžืขืกื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืจืขืึทืœืข ืื•ืžืฉื˜ืึทื ื“ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืฒื™ืขืจ ืœืขื‘ืŸ, ื“ืึธ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืฆื˜. ืืœื™ื”ื•ืก 


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ืคืึทืจื—ืœื•ืžื˜ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืึทืจืŸ ืฆื•ื ืจื•ื ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื ื’ืฒึทืกื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืคึผืจืึทื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจื’ืึทื ื’ืขื ืข ืฆืฒึทื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ 
ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืชึผื "ืš, ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฐืึธืจืคืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื“ื™ ื—ืœื•ืฆื™ื. ื–ื™ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืขืก ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึธืŸ ื•ื™ ืึท ื“ืจืš ืื™ืŸ 
ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืœืขื‘ื ืกื•ื•ืขื’, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจ ื‘ืึทืฉืœื™ืกืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืื™ื ืึธื ืฆื•ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ. ื–ื™ื™ ืื™ื ืกืฆืขื ื™ื–ื™ืจืŸ ืคืึทืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื’ืœืฑื‘ื™ืงืข ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืžืคึผืจืึธื•ื™ื–ื™ืจืŸ, ื“ื™ ื“ืขืจืฉืฒื™ื ื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจื™ื™ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืข ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืขืจ ื˜ื•ื˜ ืฉืžื•ืขืกืŸ, 
ื›ึผื“ื™ ืื™ื ืึธื ืฆื•ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ืึท ืœืงื—. 

ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ืฉืคึผื™ืœืขืฐื“ื™ืง-ืคึฟืึทืจื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืขืจ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’, ืึท ืžื™ืŸ ื˜ืขืึทื˜ืขืจ-ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื˜ืขืึทื˜ืขืจ- 
ืคึผืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’, ื•ื•ืึทืงืกืŸ. ืงืœืึธืจ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืœืขืš ืึทืจืฑืก ื™. ืง'ืก ืชึผืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช. 


ื 


/ : 





ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืคืฉื•ืช ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืงื˜ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึฟืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ "ืึทืจื•ื ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื" 


ืึทืจื•ื ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื 
(ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึทืกื˜ืขื›ืขืจ) 


ืึท ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืจืฒึท ืืงื˜ืŸ 
ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืจื™ืœืึธื’ื™ืข 
"ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ-ื’ืœื•ื™ื•ืช" 


ื“ื™ ื ืคืฉื•ืช: 

ืืœื™ื”ื• 

ื ื—ืžื™ื” 

ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” 

ื™ื•ืกืฃ 

ื‘ืชื™ื” 

ืืœื™ืฉื‘ืข 

ื“ื™ ื‘ืขืœืช-ืื•ื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ืขื™ืŸ-ื“ื•ืจ 
ืฉืื•ืœ ื”ืžืœืš 
ื“ื ื™ืืœ 

ื™ื•ืกืคื•ืก ืคืœืึทื•ื•ื™ื•ืก 
ืฉืœืžื” ืžื•ืœื›ื• 
ืคึผืึทืกื˜ืขื›ืขืจ 


ืคึผืึทืกื˜ืขื›ืขืจ 


ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืคืึธืจ: ืฆืฐื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืขืจื’ ืึทืจื•ื ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื. 
ืึทืจื•ื ืึท ืคืฒึทื™ืขืจ ื–ื™ืฆืŸ ืคึผืึทืกื˜ืขื›ืขืจ, ื‘ื—ื•ืจื™ื, ืžื™ื™ื“ืœืขืš. ืก'ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจ ื ืึทื›ื˜. 
ื“ื™ ืคึผืึทืกื˜ืขื›ืขืจ. ื•ื™ื ื’ืขืŸืึทืœื™ื“) 

ื™ืคื™ื ื”ืœื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ื›ื ืขืŸ 

ืฆื•ื ื ื™ื ื”ืžื” ื•ื‘ื”ื™ืจื™ื-- 

ื”ื“ืžืžื” ืคื” ืชืฉื™ืจ, ืœื” ื™ืขืŸ 

ื™ืขืŸ ืœื” ืœื‘ื™ ื‘ืฉื™ืจื™ื... 


ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ื•ืื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื, 
ืจืง ื”ื“ื ื”ืงืœ ืœื ื• ื™ืขืŸ, 
ืฆื•ื ื ื™ื ื”ืžื” ื•ื‘ื•ื–ื™ืจื™ื 
ื•ื™ืคื™ื ื”ืœื™ืœื•ืช ื‘|ื›ื ืขืŸ.| 
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ื ื—ืžื™ื” 
ืึทืœืข 
ื ื—ืžื™ื” 


ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” 
ื ื—ืžื™ื” 


ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” 


ื™ื•ืกืฃ 


ื ื—ืžื™ื” 


ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” 


ื ื—ืžื™ื” 


ื™ืคื™ื ื”ืœื™ืœื•ืช ื•ื‘ื”ื™ืจื™ื 

ื•ืฆื•ื ื ื™ื ื”ืžื” ื‘ื›ื ืขืŸ, 

ืฆืœืœื•, ื ื“ืžื• ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื 

ื•ื”ื“ื (ื”ื“ื) ืขื•ื“ ื™ืขืŸ, ืขื•ื“ ื™ืขืŸ. 


(ืœืขื ื’ืขืจืข ืคึผืฑื–ืข) 


ื”ืขืจื˜ ืฆื• ื–ื™ืš, ื”ืขืจื˜! 

(ืฉืฐืฒึทื’ืŸ, ืคึผืฑื–ืข) 

ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืžื™ืจ, ืื•ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜, 

ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืฐื™ ืคื™ืœ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื“ืึธ ืึทืœืข? 
ืึทืœืข! 

(ืงืจื™ืžื˜ ืื™ื ื ืึธืš) 

ืึทืœืข! 

ืึทื›ืฆืŸ. 

ื—"ื™, ืึทืงื•ืจืึทื˜! (ื–ื™ื ื’ื˜) 

ื—ื™! ื—ื™ ื—ื™! 

ืขื-ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ ื—ื™! 

ื”ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ! 

ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืึทื›ืฆืŸ - 

ื—"ื™ | 

ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš, ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ื˜ ืึทื– ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜. 
ื ืึธื›ืŸ ืœื™ื“ ื ืึธืš! | 
ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื›ึผื•ื— ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืœื™ื“ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืขืจื’. 
ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื ื™ื™ืŸ! 

ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ืžื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ืึทื ืขืŸ, 

ื ื™ื˜ ืึทื›ืฆืŸ, ื ื™ื™ืŸ, 

ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ืึธ, ื“ืึธ-- ื ืึธืš!... 

ื–ื™ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืขืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื“ืึธ, 

ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜-- ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืš, 


282 


ื™ื•ืกืฃ 


ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” 


ื ื—ืžื™ื” 


ื‘ืชื™ื” 
ื ื—ืžื™ื” 
ื‘ืชื™ื” 
ื ื—ืžื™ื” 


ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืคืขืœื“ื–ืŸ-ืฉืคึผืึทืจืข 

ืื•ื™ืฃ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืฉืคึผื™ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทืจื’. (ืจื•ืคึผื˜) 

ืึด - ืœ-- *-- ื”ื• -- (ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคึผืึทืกื˜ืขื›ืขืจ) 

ื•ื• ืื™ื– ืขืจ, ืืœื™ื”ื•? ื–ืขื˜! 

ืฆื™ ื–ื™ืฆื˜ ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜, ื“ืึธืจื˜, ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ืึธืคึผื”ืึทื ื’ 

ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขื ืคืขืœื“ื–? 

ืื•ืŸ ืฐื•ื™ ืึท ื ืึทื›ื˜ืฐืึทื ื“ืœืขืจ ื’ืขืฆื•ื™ื’ืŸ 

ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ื’ืขื’ืขืกืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืžืœ!? (ื•ื•ืขื ื“ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ืึทืœืขืžืขืŸ) 
ื”ืขืจื˜ ื—ื‘ืจื”: 

ืžื™ืจ ืฉืœืขืคึผืŸ ืื™ื ืึทืจืึธืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื™ืžืœ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“! 
ืžื™ืจ ืฐืขืœืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื“ืจื” ื“ืจืš-ืืจืฅ... 
ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืฉื˜ืึธืœืฅ-- 

ืคืึทืจ ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฉืข ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืึทื–ืฑ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื“ื™ืกื˜ืึทื ืฅ 
ืฐืึธืก ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืื™ื ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–? 

ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืึทืจืฉืคึผืขื˜ื™ืงื˜... 

ืจ'ืื™ื– ืึท ื™ื™ื ื’ืœ 

ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืึธืจืŸ ื˜ืฑื–ื ื˜ืขืจ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง, 

ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืึทืจืฒึทื ื’ืขืคืึทืœืŸ ื“ืึธ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–. 

ืขืจ ืงืขืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื’ืึธืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฉืขื ืงืขืŸ 

ืฐืึธืก ืžื™ืจ ืึทืœืข ื“ืึธ-- 

ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ื™ืขืงื‘ืก, 

ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืžื™ืจ ืคื™ื˜ืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืึธืฃ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข 
ืื™ืŸ ื“ื•ืชืŸ. 

ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืคืึทืจืงื•ื™ืคืŸ ืขืžืขืฆืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืฆื•ื ืงื ืขื›ื˜-- 
ืขืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืขืก ืื•ื ื“ื– ืคืึทืจืจืขื›ื ื˜ ืคืึทืจ ืึทืŸ ืื™ื™ื“ืขืœืข ืึท ื˜ืึทื˜! 
ื‘ืชื™ื”! 

ื‘ืึทื”ืึทืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ื™ืš ืึท ืฐืฒึทืœืข ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืขืจื’-- 

ืื•ืŸ ื”ืขืจืกื˜ื• ื•ื•ืขืžืขืŸ ืจื•ืคืŸ -- ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ! 

ืฐืึธืก ื–ืึธืœ ืื™ืš ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจืŸ? 

ืฐืึธืก ื ืึธืจ ืขืก ืคืึทืœื˜ ื“ื™ืจ ืืฒื™ืŸ. 

(ืึธืคึผ) 

ืื•ืŸ ื“ื•? ื“ื• ืืœื™ืฉื‘ืข? 

ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ืึท ืงืœื™ื™ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืึทืจืึทื‘ืขืจืŸ -- ื˜ื• ืึธืŸ... 


283 


ื–ืฒึท ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜.., 

ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืึทืœืข ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜-. 

ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืึทืงื˜ื™ืึธืจืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืฉืคึผื™ืœืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขืึทื˜ืขืจ-- 
ืžื™ืจ ื–ืึธืœืŸ ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ืจื™ื™ื“ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื‘ื•ืš. 

ืก'ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืคื•ื ืึทื“ืขืจื˜ืจื™ื™ืกืœืขืŸ ืื™ื, 
ืื™ื ืื•ื™ืคืฆื•ึผื•ื•ืขืงืŸ... 

ืึธ ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื ืึทืจ ื ื™ื˜... 

ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืขืœ-ื—ืœื•ืžื•ืช ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื’ืœื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื•ื™ ืึท ื ืึทืจ ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœืฅ. 


ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืฆื• ืฐืึธืก, ื–ืึธื’, ื•ื•ื™ืœืกื˜ื• ืื•ื™ืคื•ื•ืขืงืŸ ืื™ื ื“ืขืŸ? 

ื ื—ืžื™ื” ืฆื•ื ืœืขื‘ืŸ, 

ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืคืจืขื’ ื“ืขื ืคืึทืจื—ืœื•ืžื˜ืŸ -- ืขืจ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื˜ ื“ื™ืจ; 
ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึท ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื“ืึธ ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื˜ืจื•ื™ื! 

ื ื—ืžื™ื” ืื™ืš ื’ืœื•ื™ื‘'ืก ืื™ื ื ื™ืฉื˜-- 


ืงื•ื™ื ืื™ื– ืึทื ื˜ืฉื˜ ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“. 

ื“ืขืจ ื–ื™ื ื’ืขืจ ืฐืึธืก ืฆืขื–ื™ื ื’ื˜ ืžื—ื•ืฅ-ืœืžื—ื ื” ื–ื™ืš, 
ืื•ื™ืฃ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜-- 

ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ ืึท ืงืจืขืฆื™ืงืŸ... 


ืึธื˜ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื“ืขื ื˜ืจื•ื™ืžืขืจ ืึทืจืึธืคึผืฆื™ึดืขืŸ ืฆื• ืื•ื ื“ื–, 
ืฆื• ืื•ื ื“ื– ืื™ืŸ ืžื—ื ื”! (ืจื•ืคื˜) 


ืืœื™ื”ื•! 
ืืœื™ื”ื• (ืฐื™ ื“ืขืจืฐืึทื›ื˜ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื‘ืขืจื’ืœ, ืฐื•ึผ ืขืจ ืœื™ื’ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืœืฒืฆืข, ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืคึผื ื™ื ืฆื•ื ื”ื™ืžืœ) 
ืฐืึธืก? ืฐืึธืก? 
ื ื—ืžื™ื” "ืฐืึธืก?" ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ื’ืขืฉืœืึธืคืŸ? 
ืืœื™ื”ื• (ืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืฃ, ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืึทืจื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ืฆื•ื ืคึผืฒึทื™ืขืจ) 
ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื–ืŸ -- ื“ืึธืจื˜... (ืฐืฒึทื–ื˜ ืฆื•ื ื”ื™ืžืœ) 
ื ื—ืžื™ื” ืžื–ืœ-ื˜ื•ื‘! 
ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื”ืึธื˜ ืึท ืฉืฐืึทื›ืงืฒื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขื ื”ื™ืžืœ, 
ื ื—ืžื™ื” ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืขืจื“ ืื™ื– ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ืึทื–ืฑ, 
ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ื•ื™ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ืžืœ ื“ืฒึทื ืขืจ. 
ืงื•ืง! 
ืืœื™ื”ื• ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืขืจื“-- ืื™ื– ืฉื˜ื•ื, 


ืึทื–ืฑ ื•ื™ ืžื™ืจ... ืฐื™ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื“ื•ืจ - 
ื–ื™ ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื ื™ื˜, ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜... 
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ื ื—ืžื™ื” ื–ื™ ื–ืึธื’ื˜! ื–ื™ ื–ืึธื’ื˜! 
ื“ื• ืœื™ื™ื’ ืึทืŸ ืื•ืขืจ ืฆื• ืื•ืŸ... ื”ืขืจ! 
ืืœื™ื”ื• ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืขืจื“ -- ื–ื™ ืขื ื“ืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš, 
ื•ื™ ืก'ืขื ื“ืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึท ื”ื•ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืœืฒึทื‘ืŸ.ืŸ 
ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืจืข -- ืก'ืคืึทืจื˜ืจืึธื’ื˜ ืึท ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ ื–ื™ื™. 
ื ื—ืžื™ื” ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืจืข -- ืงืขืจื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื! 
ืืœื™ื”ื• ื“ื™ ื”ื™ืžืœืขืŸ ืึธ, ื“ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืš ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ื”ื™ืžืœืขืŸ! , 
| ื“ื™ ื”ื™ืžืœืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืžืึธืœ-- 
ื–ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืขื“ื•ืช, ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึทืœืฅ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ... 
ื ื—ืžื™ื” ืขื“ื•ืช ื˜ืึทืงืข...ืฐืฒึทื˜ืข! 
ื ืึธืจ ืขื“ื•ืช ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืžืขืจ... 
ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™, ื“ื™ ืขืจื“-- ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืœื™ื˜ืŸ, 
ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื’ืขืœื™ื˜ืŸ, 
ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–, ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ! 
ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜'ืก ื’ืขืคื™ืœื˜, ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืงืขื ื˜ ื“ืขื ืฉืžืึทืจืฅ! 
ืืœื™ื”ื• ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืงืขื ื˜ ืื™ื, ื™ืึธ... ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืึทืจื’ืขืกืŸ ืื™ื, 
ื“ื™ ืขืจื“, ื“ื™ ืขืจื“-- 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขื’ืขืกืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืื•ืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฐื™ืฉื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืžื•ื™ืœ... 
ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฐื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื™ื– ืื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืกื–ืขืŸ... 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ -- (ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืึทื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืŸื™ื™ืš) 
ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืžื™ื ืขืจื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืžืขืจืขืจ -- ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜! 
ื ื—ืžื™ื” ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืึท! 
ื“ืึธ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืึธืš, ืื™ื– ื’ืขืžื™ื ืขืจื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜. 
ื“ื™ ืึทืœืข ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข, ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจืขืจ ื’ืขื’ืœื•ื™ื‘ื˜-- 
ื ื™ื˜ืึธ ื–ื™ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ... ืึทืฐืขืง! ืคืึทืจืฉืฐื•ึผื ื“ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ืึธ. 
ืึธื˜ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™! ื–ืข, ื–ืข-- 
ื“ื™ ื‘ืขืจื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืŸ -- ืงื•ืง ื“ืขืจืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™, 
ืขืจ ื–ื™ืฆื˜ ืขืก ื“ืึธืจื˜, ืึทื‘ืจื”ื! | 
ื“ืขืจ ืคืึธื˜ืขืจ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืฉืึธื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื“ื™ืงืŸ ื‘ื•ื™ื... 
ื–ืข, ื–ืข: ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืขืจ, ื’ื“ืขื•ืŸ, 
ื’ื“ืขื•ืŸ ื™ืจื•ื‘ืขืœ! 
ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืืฒื™ื‘ื™ืงืŸ ื“ืขื ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœ 
385 


ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ื’ืขืจื•ื ืฆืœื˜ืŸ ื’ืขื–ื™ืŸื›ื˜ืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ืฉืึธืงืœื˜, ืฉืึธืงืœื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื ื™ื™ืŸ! 
ื“ืึธืก ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื“ื™ ืึธื ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขื ืข ื“ื™ ื–ืงื ื™ื, 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืจื•ืžื™ืงืข ื“ื™ ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื 
ื ืึธืš ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื–ื™ื’, ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืžื“ื™ืŸ, 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื‘ื ื™-ืงื“ื ืื•ืŸ ืขืžืœืง, 
ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืื™ื: ืึธ ืงื™ื ื™ื’, ืงื™ื ื™ื’ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื ื“ื–! 
ืขืก ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขืจื•ื ืฆืœื˜ืขืจ, ื“ืขืจ ืคึผื ื™ื 
ืื•ืŸ ืฉืึธืงืœื˜, ืฉืึธืงืœื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ: ืื•ื™ืฃ ื ื™ื™ืŸ. 
ื–ืข, ื–ืข, ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜ ืฆื•ื ื”ื™ืžืœ: ื’ืึธื˜! 
ื’ืึธื˜ ืงื™ื ื™ื’ื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืืฒื™ืš, ืžืฒึทืŸ ืคืึธืœืง! 
ืื•ืŸ ืึธื˜ ืื™ื– ื™ืคืชึผื—! 
ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ืœื“ืขืจ ืžืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืœืขื“, 
ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืฆื ื“ื™ื ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ื™ื ืขืจ ื’ืึธื˜ืก! 
ืขืจ ื”ืขืœืคื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืžื•ื˜ ื“ื™ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ื ืคืึทืจื˜ืจื™ื‘ืŸ; 
ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื“ืขื ืžืชึผืจื” ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืคืึทืœื˜ ืื™ื... 
ืื•ืŸ ืฉืขื›ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฆืึธืจืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก 
ื“ื™ ื–ื™ืŸ ืืคืจื™ื, ื“ื™ ื ืึทืจื™ืฉืข, ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืึธืœืฆืข. 
ื–ืข, {ื–ืข, ืขืจืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึทืจืึธืคึผื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ืงื•ื™ื-ืงื•ื™ื ื“ืขื ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ, 
ืขืจ ืงื•ืงื˜ ืคืึทืจืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ืคืœื˜ ื ืึธืš ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืงืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื›ื˜ืขืจ, 
ื–ื™ ืฉื˜ืฒื™ื’ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ืจืข ืคึฟืจืฒึทื ื“ื™ื ืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื‘ืขืจื’ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื’ืœืขื“ 
ืื™ืจ ืžื™ื™ื“ืœืฉืึทืคื˜ ื‘ืึทืฐื•ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ, 
ืขืจ ืงื•ืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆืขืจ ืื™ืจ ื ืึธืš, 
ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืงืขืจ, ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืึธื›ื˜ืขืจ, 
ืขืจ ืฐืขื˜ ืื™ืจ ืžืงืจื™ื‘ ื–ืฒึทืŸ, ื™ืึธ ื™ืึธ, ืขืจ ืฐืขื˜! 
ื•ื•ื•ื™ื™;} ื•ื•ื™ื™, ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฉืœืึธื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ื ื™-{ืขืžื•ืŸ... 
ืื™ื– ื–ื™ ืฆื• ืื™ื ืึทืจืฑืก 
ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืงืข, ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืึธื›ื˜ืขืจ 
ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึทื ื˜ืงืขื’ืŸ ืื™ื ื’ืขื˜ืึทื ืฆื˜ 
ืžื™ื˜ ืคึผืฑืงืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื–ืึทื ื’ -- ื•ื•ื™ื™, ื•ื•ื™ื™... 
ืื•ืŸ ื™ืคืชึผื—, ื™ึดืคืชึผื— ื”ืึธื˜ ืึท ื ื“ืจ ื“ืึธืš ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ! 
ืขืจ ื•ืขื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื ื“ืจ ื”ื™ื˜ืŸ.., 
ืฉืึท, ืฉื˜ื™ืœ-- 
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ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” 


ื ื—ืžื™ื” 


ืึทื‘ื™ื’ื™ืœืก 


ื ื—ืžื™ื” 
ืึทื‘ื™ื’ื™ืœืก ืงื•ืœ 


ื ื—ืžื™ื” 
ืื‘ื™ื’ื™ืœ 


ื“ื•ื“, ื–ื™ื ื’ื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืึท ืงืึทืคึผื™ื˜ืœ ืชึผื”ืœื™ื ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื“ืึทืš-- 
ื ื™ื˜ ืฉื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื... 

ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื•ืขืจ ืื™ื–? ืฆื™ ืื™ื– ืขืก ื”ื•ืŸืจื“ื•ืก?ืŸ 
ืขืจ ืœืึธืงืขืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื–ื•ืŸ {...ืŸ 
ื–ืข, ื–ืข -- ืก'ืื™ื– ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ื•ืฉ-ื—ืœื‘! 

ืขืจ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืจื•ื™ื... ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื™ืจืง ืึทื ื˜ืœืึธืคืŸ... 
ืจ'ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืžืึทื’ืขืจื˜ ื’ืึธืจ ืื•ืŸ ืงืจืึทื ืง ืึทื–ืฑ, 
ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ื‘ืึทืฉืึธื ืงืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึทื–ืฑ ืคื™ืœ ืœืขื‘ืŸ!... 
ื“ืขืจ ืฐืึธืก ืœืขื‘ื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื“ื•ืจ-- 
ื“ืขืจ ืœืขื‘ื˜ ืืฒื‘ื™ืง! 

ื•ื•ื•ื™ืœ ื“ื™ ืฐืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืžื™ืฉื˜, 

ืฐืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืก ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื“ื•ืจ! (ืจืคึฟื˜) 
ืึทื‘ื™ื’ื™ืœ! 

ื•ื•ืขืžืขืŸ ืจื•ืคืกื˜ื•? 

ืฆื™ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืŸ ื“ืึธ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืึทืŸ ืึทื‘ื™ื’ื™ืœ? 

ื ื™ื˜ ืกืชื ืึทืŸ ืึทื‘ื™ื’ื™ืœ, ื ืึธืจ-- ืึทื‘ื™ื’ื™ืœ! 

ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข! 

ืื•ื™ืš ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธ ืฆืขื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–, 

ื“ืึธ, ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืขืจื’ -- 

ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ื–ื™-- ื–ื™ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืึธืคึผ... 
ืึธื˜ ืจื•ืฃ (ืื™ืš} ืฐื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ื–ื™-- ืึทื‘ื™ื’ื™ืœ! 

(ืฉื˜ื™ื) 

ืื™ืš! ืื™ืš! ืฐืขืจ ืจื•ืคื˜, 

ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึธืฐื•ื ื˜-ืฉืขื”, ื“ืขืจ ื™ืขืฆื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืžื™ืš ื“ืึธ? 
ื ื‘ืœ! ื“ืขืจ -- ืคื•ืŸ ื›ึผืจืžืœ-ื‘ืึทืจื’! 

ื ื™ื˜ ื ื‘ืœ, ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ ืขืจ! 

ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจื”ืึทืกื˜-- 

ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืขืžืขืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจื”ืึทืกื˜-- 

ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึธืจื‘ืŸ, 

ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึธืจื‘ืŸ ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ื“ื•ื“! 

ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื“ื•ื“ ืœืขื‘ื˜! 

ืึท ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืฐืึธืก ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื’ืขืœื™ื‘ื˜, 

ืฐืึธืก ืžืขืจืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืœื™ื‘ืŸ -- 


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ืงื•ืœื•ืช 


ืืœื™ื”ื• 


ื ื—ืžื™ื” 


ืืœื™ื”ื• 


ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข 
ืืœื™ื”ื• 


ื ื—ืžื™ื” 


ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” 


ื ื—ืžื™ื” 


ืืœื™ื”ื• 


ื ื—ืžื™ื” 


ืœืขื‘ื˜ ืืฒื‘ื™ืง, ืœืขื‘ื˜! 

(ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืข ื–ืฒึทื™ื˜ืŸ) 

ืขืจ ืœืขื‘ื˜! ืขืจ ืœืขื‘ื˜! ืขืจ ืœืขื‘ื˜ื™ 

(ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืึทื ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื ื—ืžื™ื”ืก ืžื•ื™ืœ) 

ื ื™ื˜ ืคืจืขื’ ืื™ืจ ืžืขืจ, ื ื—ืžื™ื”, 

ื ื™ื˜ ืคึผืจื•ึผื•ื•!... | 

ื–ื™ ืงืขืŸ ืึท ืžืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ืจ ืžืขืจ... (ืคึฟืึทืจืฐื•ึผื ื“ืขืจื˜) 
ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜? 

ืื™ืš ื”ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืœืึทื ื’ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ... 

ื“ื• ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ื“ื•-- 

ื“ื• ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืกื˜ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื“ืฒึทื ืข ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื”ื™ืžืœืขืŸ 

ืื•ืŸ ื–ืขืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืฐืึธืก ืก'ืงื•ืžื˜ ื“ืึธ ืคืึธืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืจ'ืขืจื“, 
(ืคืึทืจ ื–ื™ืš) 

ืึทื‘ื™ื’ื™ืœ-- 

ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜? ืื™ืจ ืึทืœืข? 

(ืฉื˜ื™ืžืขืŸ) = ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜! ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜! 

ื“ื™ ื ืึทื›ื˜! ืึท ื ืึทื›ื˜ ืึทื–ืึท-- 

ืื™ืŸ ืึทื–ืขืœื›ืข ื ืขื›ื˜ ืื™ื– ืึธืคึผื ืขืฐื™ืฉื˜ 

ื“ื™ ื’ืจืขื ืขืฅ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืขืจื“ ืื•ืŸ ื”ื™ืžืœ. 

ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื ืึทื›ื˜-- 

ื ืึทื›ื˜ ืคืึทืจ ื ืึทื›ื˜-- 

ื’ื™ื™ืขืŸ ื“ืึธ ื“ื™ ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ืื•ื ื“ื– ืคืึทืจื‘ืฒึท, ื“ื•ืจ ื ืึธืš ื“ื•ืจ! 
ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื ืึทื›ื˜ ืึทื–ืึท {,ืŸ 

ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ื›ึผื™ืฉื•ืฃ-ืžืึทื›ืขืจื™ืŸ, ื“ื™ ื‘ืขืœืช-ืื•ื‘ 
ืึทืจืฑืคื’ืขื‘ืจืึทื›ื˜ ืคืึทืจ ืฉืื•ืœืŸ ื“ืขื ื ื‘ื™ื ืฉืžื•ืืœ. 
(ืฐื•ื™ ืื•ื™ืกืจื™ื™ื“ื ื“ื™ืง ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”ืŸ) 

"ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื ืึทื›ื˜ ืึทื–ืึท!" ืฐื™ ืืœื™ื”ื• 

ืึทื–ืฑ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ื•: "ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื ืึทื›ื˜ ืึทื–ืึท!" 

ื ืึทื›ื˜ ืคืึทืจ ื ืึทื›ื˜ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืคืึธืจ ื“ืึธ ืฐื•ึผื ื“ืขืจ! 
ื™ืขื“ืข ื ืึทื›ื˜ ืงืขืŸ ืคืึธืจืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึท ืฐื•ึผื ื“ืขืจ-- 

ื ืึธืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ื“ื•ืจ... 

ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืงืœืขื ืขืจ, ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืคื•ืŸ (ื“ื™ืŸ 

ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ืึธ ื’ืขืœืขื‘ื˜ ืคืึทืจ ื“ื™ืจ! 


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ืืœื™ื”ื• 


ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” 
ื ื—ืžื™ื” 


ืืœื™ื”ื• 


ื ื—ืžื™ื” 


ืืœื™ื”ื• 


ื ื—ืžื™ื” 


ืืœื™ื”ื• 


ื ื—ืžื™ื” 
ืืœื™ื”ื• 


ืึท, ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ... ื’ืึธืจ ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ... 
ืžืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืึท ื’ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืŸ ืึท ืžืึทืŸ 
ื ื™ื˜ ืึทืจื•ืคื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจ ืžื™ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืจ'ืขืจื“, ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึธืœ-- 
ืื™ืจ ืืคืฉืจ, ืื™ืจ, ืฐืขื˜ ืืคืฉืจ ืขืก ื‘ืึทืฐืฒึทื–ืŸ, 
ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ ืึทื”ืขืจื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืคืจื™ืขืจื“ื™ืงืขืจ, 
ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจืขืจ ืขืœื™ื”, 
ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืึทื”ืึธืคื˜ืŸ ืฐื™ื“ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ืขืจ ืœืขื‘ืขื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืขืจื“, 
ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ ื‘ืึทืจื’ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืึธืœ, 
ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืจื™ื™ื ื™ืงื˜ ื“ืึธ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ื™ ืœื•ืคื˜ 
ืื•ืŸ ื–ื•ืขื ื˜} ื’ืขืจื™ื™ื ื™ืงื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืœื•ืคื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ. - 
ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจืคืจื™ืฉื˜ ื“ื™ ื˜ืฒึทื›ืŸ ืื™ืจืข 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืคืจื™ืฉื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืจืึธื ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ, 
ืื™ืจ ืงืœืึทืžืขืจื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ืื™ืจืข ื”ืึทืจื˜ืข ืคืขืœื“ื–ืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ืงื™ืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฉืึธื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจืข ื˜ื™ืคืข ื”ื™ื™ืœืŸ, 
ืืฒึทื™ืš ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืก ื’ืœื•ืกื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฉื˜ืึทืจืง 
ืงืขื ื˜ ืื™ืจ ืึธื ืงืœืึทืคึผืŸ ืฆื• ืืฒึทืขืจ ืึท ื˜ืฑื™ื˜ืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืงืŸ ืื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ืืฒื‘ื™ืงืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืœืึธืฃ. 
"ืืฒึทืขืจืข ื“ื™ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ืข"!-- ื–ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ืฒึทื ืข ืื•ื™ืš! 
ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืื•ื™ืš -- ื ืึธืจ: ื–ืฒึทื ืข! 
ืžื™ืจ ื™ื•ื ื’ืข ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ืคืึธืœืง, 
ืžื™ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื ืฒึท ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขื ืข ืื™ืŸ ืœืึทื ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ -- 
ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ืข ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ... 
ื“ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืš ื“ื™ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ืข 
ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืึทืœืขืžืขืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืœืขื‘ืŸ, 
ื™ืึธ, ืึธื ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืึทืฐืขืง, 
ืึทืฐืขืง ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืœืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืจื• ื–ื™ ืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ. 
ื ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™, ื ืึธืจ ืื™ืจ, ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ืœื˜ ื ื™ื˜! 
ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึทื–ืฑ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืคึผื ืขื˜ืฒืœื˜, 
ื–ื™ืš ืึธืคึผื’ืขื’ืจืขื ืขืฆื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืืฒึท'ืจืข ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ืข-- 
ืœืึธ... 
ื–ื™ืš ืึธืคึผื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜! 
ื ื™ื˜ ืืžืช! 
ืื™ืจ ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืืฒึทืขืจืข ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ืข ืึธืคึผ ื–ื™ืš 
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ืืœื™ื”ื• 


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ืืœื™ื”ื• 


ื ื—ืžื™ื” 


ืืœื™ื”ื• 


ื•ื™ ืก'ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืึธืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื–ื™ืš, ืฐื™ ืขืก ืคืึทืจืœื™ื™ืง'ื ืขืŸ ื–ึตื™ื™ 
ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืึธืจืขืžื™ื ืงืข, ืงืœื™ื™ื ื™ื ืงืข, ืคืจืฒึทื™ื”ื™ื™ื˜ืก-ืงืขืžืคืขืจ ื›ึผืœื•ืžืจืฉื˜, 
ื‘ื•ื’ื“ื™ื ืžื™ืื•ืกืข ืื•ื™ืฃ ื’ืึธืจ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜-- 
ื ื™ื˜ ืืžืช! 
ื“ื™ ืึทืœืข ืฐืึธืก ื“ื• ื”ืึทืœื˜ืกื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ืคืึทืจ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึธืจื‘ืŸ . 
ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื“ืึธืš ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–! 
ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขืžื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื–ืŸ-- 
ืžื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ื•ื›ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกืขืจ ืื•ื ื“ื–... 
ื•ื™ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืื™ืš ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื–ืขืŸ ื–ื™ 
ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืคืจื™ึดืขืจื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืœื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทืœื˜- 
ืึธื ืงื•ืงืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื”ืขืจืŸ, ื”ืขืจืŸ ื–ื™ 
ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทืœื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืŸ ืึท ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืžืึธืœ-- 
ืึท, ื‘ืขืœืช-ืื•ื‘! 
ืฉืึท, ืฉื˜ื™ืœ! ื“ืขืจืžืึธืŸ ื–ื™ ื ื™ื˜! 
ื‘ืฒึท ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืžื™ื ื“ืกื˜ืŸ ืจื•ืฃ -- ืจื•ืคื˜ ื–ื™ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืคึผ... 
ื–ื™ ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื ืึธืš ื‘ืึทืฐืฒึทื–ืŸ. 
ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ ื‘ืึทืฐืฒึทื–ืŸ ื–ื™ืš! 
ืžื™ืจ ืึทืœืข... ืึทืœืข ืžื™ืจ -- ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ -- ืฉืื•ืœ! 
ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืขืจ, ืื™ื– ืฉืื•ืœ... 
ืึทื™ืขื ืข ื ืึทื›ื˜, ื“ื™ ืืฒึทื™ืœื™ืงืข, ื“ื™ ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ืข-- 
ืก'ืื™ื– ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื ืึทื›ื˜ ื“ืึธืš! 
ืก'ืื™ื– ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ ืึทื–ืฑ ืื•ื ื“ื–, ืฉืœืขื›ื˜, 
ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืœื™ืฉืชึผื™ื ืฉืœืึธื’ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–, 
ืื•ืŸ ื’ืึธื˜ -- ืึธืคึผื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš. 
ืขืจ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืžืขืจ, 
ื ื™ื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื, 
ืื™ืŸ ื—ืœื•ืžื•ืช ื ื™ื˜-- 
ืึท, ื‘ืขืœืช-ืื•ื‘! 
ืฉืฐืฒื™ื’! ืฉื•ื•ื™ื™ื’! 
ืื™ืš ืฐืึธืจืŸ ื“ื™ืš-- ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืจืขื ื’ 
ื“ืขื ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืœื™ืคึผืŸ ื“ืฒึทื ืข -- ืฉืฐืฒึทื’! 
(ืคืึทืจื‘ืขื ืงื˜) 
ื–ื™ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืึทืจืฑืคื’ืขื‘ืจืึทื›ื˜ ื“ืึธ 

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ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื ืึทื›ื˜, ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืขืจ -- ืึท "ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ืŸ" ืื•ื ื“ื–. 
ื“ื• ืจื•ืคืกื˜ ื“ื™ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ืข ืึธืŸ? 
ืขืก ืื™ื– ืื•ื ื“ื– ืฉืœืขื›ื˜... 
"ืื•ื ื“ื–"! "ืื•ื ื“ื–"!-- ืžื™ืจ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืฉืœืขื›ื˜! 
ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ื‘ืึทืฉืขืจื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืคืึทืœืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึทืจื‘ืŸ 
ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื‘ืขืจื’ ื’ืœื‘ื•ืขืก-- 
ื›'ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืฐื•ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื ืชืŸ ืคืึทืœืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืฐื™ ืฉืื•ืœ! 
(ื‘ืึทืœืฑื›ื˜ืŸ ืื™ื ืขืจืœืขืš) 
ื™ื”ื•ื ืชืŸ! 
ื“ื™ ืœื™ื‘ืฉืึทืคื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืขืœื“ื™ืฉืงื™ื™ื˜ ืึทืœืฒืŸ! 
ื˜ืจืึทื’ื™ืฉืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื ืื™ื– ืฉืื•ืœ! 
ื’ืขืฉืจืึธืงืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ืŸ ื’ืฒึทืกื˜... 
ื™ืึธ... ื™ืึธ... ืึท ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ืขืจ ื’ืฒึทืกื˜.- 
ืก'ืื™ื– ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ืึธืš ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ื’ืฒึทืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืึธื˜, 
ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฉื™ืงื˜... 
ื™ืึธ ืืžืช- 
ื“ืึธืก ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ืข ื•ื™ ื“ืึธืก ื’ื•ื˜ืข, 
ืึท ื™ื™ึทื“ ื ืขืžื˜ ืึธืŸ ื–ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืึธื˜, 
ื•ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื™ึทื“ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืฉืื•ืœ ื ืึธื›ื’ืขืคืึธืจืฉื˜ ื“ื™ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ืข. 
ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืคืจืขื’ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืฉืžื•ืืœืŸ, ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื ื‘ื™ื. 
ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึธืจื‘ืŸ. 
ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื ืฉื˜ืึทืจื‘ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืฐื™ ืก'ืฉื˜ืึทืจื‘ื˜ ืึท ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืึธืคึผ ืกืชึผื, 
ื–ื™ื™ ืคืึทืจืœืึธื–ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–. 
ืจื•ืฃ ืึธืŸ ืขืก ื•ื™ ื“ื• ื•ื•ื™ืœืกื˜. 
ื™ืึธ, ื–ื™ ืคืึทืจืœืึธื–ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–, 
ืžื™ืจ ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ืžื™ืจ -- ืžื™ืจ ืœืึธื–ืŸ ื–ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ืึธืคึผ 
ืžื™ืจ ื–ื•ื›ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ื™ 
ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ืจ'ืขืจื“, 
ืžื™ืจ ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜ ืฆื•ื ื”ื™ืžืœ, 
ืžื™ืจ ืฉืคึผืจืฒื™ื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ืก ื–ื™ื™ ืฆื• ื™ืขื˜ื•ื•ืขื“ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜-- 
ืึธ ืงื•ืžื˜, ื‘ืึทืฐืฒึทื–ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ื”ืขืœืคื˜! 
ื“ื™ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ืข ื”ืขืœืคืŸ ื ื™ื˜... ื–ื™ื™ ืžืขื’ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื! 
ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ืงืขื ื™ื’ ืฉืื•ืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื”ืึธืœืคืŸ... 
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ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืึทืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืื™ื... 
ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืจืฑืงื•ื ื’ ืฐืึธืก ืคืึทืจืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜-- 
ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ืœ ื–ื™ ื ื™ื˜! . 
ื•ื•ื™ืœ! ืฐื™ืœ! 
ื‘ืึทืจื•ื™ืงื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– ื’ื‘ื•ืจื”, ืื™ื– ื”ืขืœ ืึท ืœื™ื›ื˜, 
ื–ื™ ื˜ืจืึธื’ื˜ ืึท ืœื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจื ื™ืฉืŸ ื˜ื™ืฃ, 
ืึธ ื”ืึธื‘ ื ื™ื˜ ืžื•ืจื ืคืจืฒึทื™ ืึท ืงื•ืง ื˜ืึธืŸ 
ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืื™ื, ื“ืขื ืงืึทืœื˜ืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜- 
ืฆื•ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ื ืึธื ื˜ ืฆื•ื ื˜ืฑื˜ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจื ืขื ื˜ืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ืื™ื... 
ืงื•ืง ืื™ื ืึธืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ื™ืงืŸ ืึธืคึผ ืื™ื! 
ืึธ ื”ืึธื‘ ื ื™ื˜ ืžื•ืจื ื‘ืึทืฐืฒึทื–ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจืขื ืขืฅ 
ืคื•ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜-- 
ืžืขืŸ ืฉื˜ืึทืจื‘ื˜ ื“ืขืจืคื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜! 
ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ื– ื™ื”ื•ื ืชืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืขื™ืŸ-ื“ื•ืจ 
ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืคืึทืœืŸ ื•ื™ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืึธื˜ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื’ืœื‘ื•ืขืก ื‘ืขืจื’. 
ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ืœ! ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ืœ ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขืŸ, ื“ื™ ืึทืฐืขืงื’ืขื’ืึทื ื’ืขื ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– 
ื“ื™ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืคืึทืจืœืึธื–ืŸ -- 
ื’ืขืœืึธื–ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืฐืึธืจ! 
ืื•ืŸ ืฆื• ืึท ืฐืึธืจ ืึทืฐืขืง ืึทืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข ืื™ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจ ืœืึทื ื“ 
ืฆื• ืึท ืฐืึธืจ? 
ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ื“ื™ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ืึทืŸ ืืžืชืข, 
ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ืึทืŸ ืขื•ืœื-ืืžืช; 
ืก'ืื™ื– ืึท ืคืึทืจื‘ืึธื˜ืขื ืขืจ ืึทืŸ ืืžืช 
ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืืžืชืŸ ืคืึทืจืึทื ืขืŸ 
ืฐืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืคืึทืจื‘ืึธื˜ืŸ ื“ืึธ, ื‘ืฒึทื ืœืขื‘ืŸ, 
ื“ื™ ืืžืชืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืœืึทื ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื˜ - 
(ืคึฟืึทืจื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜) ื“ืึธืก ืœืึทื ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜... 
ื™ืึธ, ื™ืึธ... ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืœืขื ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธ ืคื•ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ืœืขื ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ -- (ื’ืขื”ืฒืžื™ื ื™ืฉืคึฟื•ืœ) 
ื–ืึธื’, ืฆื™ ื•ื•ื™ืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ื™ืจ ืึท ืžืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ 
ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื ืึทื›ื˜ ืึท ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจืขืจ ืึท ืจืฒึทื˜ ื˜ืึธืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ืึทื“ื•ืจืš ื–ื™ืš ืคืึธืจืŸ 
ืื™ืŸ ืœืขื ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจื’ืขืกืขื ื™ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืคื”ืขืจ? 
92 


ื ื—ืžื™ื” 
ืืœื™ื”ื• 


ื ื—ืžื™ื” 
ืืœื™ื”ื• 
ื ื—ืžื™ื” 
ืืœื™ื”ื• 
ื ื—ืžื™ื” 


ืืœื™ื”ื• 


ื ื—ืžื™ื” 


ืืœื™ื”ื• 
ื ื—ืžื™ื” 


ืืœื™ื”ื• 


ื ื—ืžื™ื” 


ืึทืจื•ื ื˜ืขืจืœืึธื–ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืชึผื”ื•ื ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืœืงื™ื™ื˜, 
ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืฆืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฉืึธื˜ืŸ? 
ื‘ืฒึทื ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื ืึธืš? 
ืื•ืŸ ื–ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™, ื–ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ืข 
ื‘ืขืช ื–ื™ื™ ืฉื˜ืฒื™ื’ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“? 
ื“ื™ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ืข ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื’ืŸ ื ื™ื˜... ืžืขืŸ ื‘ืจืขื ื’ื˜ ืึทืจืฑืฃ ื–ื™ื™! 
ืฉืื•ืœ - | 
ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึทืŸืจื•ื™}ืคื’ืขื‘ืจืึทื›ื˜ ืึท ื˜ืฑื™ื˜ืŸ, 
ืฉืžื•ืืœืŸ. 
ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึธืจื‘ืŸ! 
ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ืื™ื ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื ื‘ื™ื ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ. 
ืึท ืœืขื‘ืขื“ื™ืงืขืจ ื”ื•ื ื˜ ืื™ื– ืžืขืจืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื˜ืฑื˜ืŸ ืœื™ื™ื‘... 
ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก... ืึทื–ืึท ืึท ืฉืคึผืจื™ื›ืฐืึธืจื˜! 
ืขืก ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืึทื–ืฑ ื“ืขืจ ื“ื•ืจ ืฐืึธืก ืงืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื ื‘ื™ื ื ื™ื˜. 
ื™ืขื˜ื•ื•ืขื“ืขืจ ื“ื•ืจ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื ื–ืฒึทื ืข-- 
ื“ืขืจ ืขื™ืงืจ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื“ื•ืจ! 
ืึท ื“ื•ืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ, ื˜ืึธืžืขืจ ืœืขื‘ื˜ ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืœืึทื ื“.- 
ืจื•ื˜ ื“ื™ ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ื“ืึธืจื˜! 
ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืืœืžืŸ ืื™ื– ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ ืื•ื™ืš ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ืฆื• ื˜ืึธื’ืŸ-- } 
ืขืก ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื ืึธืš ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืžื™ื˜! 
ื•ื•ื•ึผ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืคึผืฒึทืขืจื–ืฒึทืœ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื–ืขืจ ืžื“ื‘ืจ-ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜? 
ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืขืก! ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ืจ ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ื ืึธืš-- 
ื”ืึธื‘ ืœื™ื‘ ื“ืึธืก ืคืึธืœืง! 
(ื“ืขืจืฉืœืึธื’ืŸ) 
ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ื ืœื™ื‘... 
ื”ืึธืกื˜ ืœื™ื‘! ืก'ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื‘ืข ืฐืึธืก ืขืก ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ื˜... 
ืก'ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื‘ืข ืฉื˜ืึทืจืง ืฐืึธืก ืึธื˜ืขืžื˜ ืคื•ืœ ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืœื•ื™ื‘ืŸ, 
ื’ืœื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืึธืœืง... 
ืึทืœืข ื“ื™ ืฐืึธืก ื’ืœื•ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืึธืœืง -- 
ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืœื™ื‘ ืื™ื, 
ื–ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื ื–ืฒึทื ืข... 
ื•ื•ืขืจ ืขืก ืœื™ื‘ื˜ ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœืŸ -- ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฉืคึผื™ืฅ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขื ื–ื™ืš. 
ื ืึธืจ ืœืึธื–ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜, ืื™ืจ ื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืจื™ืงืข ืžืœื›ื™ื, 
393 


ืืœื™ื”ื• 


ื‘ืขืœืช-ืื•ื‘ 


ื“ื™ ืคึผืึทืกื˜ืขื›ืขืจ 
ื‘ืขืœืช-ืื•ื‘ 

ื“ื™ ืคื™ืจ ืคืจื•ื™ืขืŸ- 
ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทืœื˜ืŸ 


ื ื™ื˜ ืœืึธื–ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจืข ืื™ืŸ ื ืขื›ื˜, 

ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ืžืขื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืœืึธื–ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืขื™ืŸ-ื“ื•ืจ. 
ืื•ืŸ ืคืจืขื’ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื ืึธืš ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืขืœืช-ืื•ื‘... 
ืึทืš, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื›'ื’ืขืคื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืขื’ ื ืึธืจ, 

ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืขื’ ืฐืึธืก ืคื™ืจื˜ ืฆื• ืื™ืจ... (ื”ื•ื™ืš) 

ืึท ื›ึผื™ืฉื•ืฃ ืžื™ืจ, ื‘ืึทืฐืฒึทื– ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื›ึผื™ืฉื•ืฃ ืžื™ืจ, 

ืึท, ื‘ืขืœืช-ืื•ื‘! 


(ื“ืขืจืฉืฒื™ื ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื’ืขืคึผืฒึทืคึผืขืจืฒึท ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทื’ืœืฒื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืคื™ืจ ืคืจื•ื™ืขืŸ-ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ื•ื™ ื ืึทื›ื˜-ืฉืึธื˜ื ืก ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืœื“ื–ืข 


/ืงื•ืœื•ืช ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ืขืจ ื ืึทื›ื˜) 


(ื˜ืจืขื˜ืŸ ืคืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื™ื–-ืฐื•ื•ึผื ื“ืขืจ ืึธืคึผ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื˜ืจื™ื˜ (ืฆื•ืจื™ืง)} 


(ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคื™ืจ ืคืจื•ื™ืขืŸ-ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทืœื˜ืŸ, ื–ื™ื ื’ื˜) 


(ื˜ืึทื ืฆืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ืึทื ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืึธื ืงื•ื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื ืึทื›ื˜) 


ืจื•ืคืกื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื’ืขืœืขื›ื˜ืขืจ-- 
ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ... 
ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืžืฒึทื ืข ื˜ืขื›ื˜ืขืจ 
ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ... 
ื’ืขืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื“! ื’ืขืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื“! 

ืื•ืŸ ื’ื™ื›ืขืจ-ื’ื™ื›ืขืจ 

ื•ื™ ืึท ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜, 

ืื•ืŸ ืึท ื•ื•ื™ื›ืขืจ. 


ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืจ 

ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืจื’ ื•ื™ ืฉืึธื˜ืŸ 
ืึทืœืข ื–ื™ืš 
ืึทืจืฑืกื’ืขืฉืึธื˜ืŸ 


294 


ื•ื™ ื”ืึธื–ืŸ 

ืื™ืŸ ื’ืจืึธื–ืŸ, 
ื’ืขื”ื™ื™ื 

ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ื, 
ืคื•ืŸ ืขื™ืŸ-ื“ื•ืจ! 


ืก'ืคืึทืœื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืึธืฐื ื˜-- 
ืก'ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื ืงืœ... 
ื ื™ื˜ ืฉื˜ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ ื“ืขื ืฉืœืึธืฃ ื ื™ื˜, 
ืื™ืจ ืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ ืคื•ื ืงืœื˜! 


ืื™ืš ื‘ืขืœืช-ืื•ื‘ 

ืื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืข ื˜ืขื›ื˜ืขืจ-- 
ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ, 

ืžื™ืจ, ืžื™ืจ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขื›ื˜ืขืจ... 
ืก'ืื™ื– ื‘ืึทืฉืขืจื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–, 
ืื•ื ื“ื– ืฆื• ืฐืึทื›ืŸ; 

ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื”ืขืจื˜ ื ื™ื˜ 

ื•ื™ ืžื™ืจ ืœืึทื›ืŸ... 


ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ 
ืคื•ืŸ "ื™ืขื ืข" 

ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ 

ื ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื™... 
ืคื•ืŸ ืขื™ืŸ-ื“ื•ึนืจ! 


ื“ืขืจ ืคืึธืจื”ืึทื ื’ ืคืึทืœื˜ 


295 


ื‘ืขืœืช-ืื•ื‘ 


ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ืึทืงื˜ 
ื•ืฐื™ื“ืขืจื”ืึธื–ืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืึทื ืฅ 


ื•ื•ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ืš ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืจ? 
ืคื•ืŸ ืขื™ืŸ-ื“ื•ืจ ืฆื• ืืฒึทืš ืึทื”ืขืจ? 


ื›'ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืฉืœืึธืคืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืฉืžืึทืง, 
ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ืฉื˜ืจื•ื™ื–ืึทืง ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื–ืึทืง! 


ื”ื•ื™ืš ื‘ืึทืฐืึทืงืกืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืžืึธืš... 
ื›'ืฐื•ืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขืฉืœืึธืคืŸ ื ืึธืš ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืš-- 


ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ืขืจ ืžื™ืš ืกืชึผื? 
ืื™ื–'ืก ืึท ืจืฉืข, ืื™ื–'ืก ืึท ืชึผื? 


ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืžืึธืœ? 
ืึท ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจืงื•ืœ ืฆื™ ื’ืึธืจ ืึท ืงื•ืœ? 


ื›'ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืฉืœืึธืคืŸ ืึธืŸ ื’ืขื“ืึทื ืง-- 
ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืื•ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜, ื•ื™ ืœืึทื ื’? 


ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืฐื•ื™ ืœืึทื ื’? ืฆื™ ืงื ืึทืคึผ? ืฆื™ ืฉืคึผืึธืจ? 
ืึท ืžื™ื ื•ื˜ ืฆื™ ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜ ื™ืึธืจ? 


ืก'ืคึฟืึทืจื’ืฒื˜ ืคึผืึทืžืขืœืขืš ืึธืคื˜ ืึท ืฐืฒึทืœ- 
ืื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜ ื™ืึธืจ ืคืึทืจืคืœื™'ืŸ ืึท ืคืฒึทืœ! 


ื•ื•ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ? ื›'ืงื•ื ื’ืขืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื“ 
ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ืคืœื™ื’ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜, 


ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืึทืฐื™ื–ืŸ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืึทืœืฅ-- 
ื ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ืึธืžื‘ืข, ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ื”ืึทืœื“ื–, 


206 


ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ื™ืš 
ื“ื™ ื”ืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ, ื–ืขื˜ ื–ืขื˜-- ื“ืขื ืคึผืœื™ืš! 


ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืึทืฐื™ื–ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขืืฒึทืœ 
ืขืคืขื ืขืŸ ืึทืŸ ืื•ื™ื’ ืึท ืคึผืฒึทืœ... 


ืึท ืกืจื•ื ืง ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืึท ื˜ืจืึธืคึผืŸ ื˜ื•ื™, 
ืฉืœื•ื ื’ ืึทืจืึธืคึผ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืึท ืฉื˜ืจื•ื™, 


*ืœื• 


ืึท ืฉืคึผืจื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ืงื•ื™ืžืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืึทืจืฑืก - 
ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึทืŸ ืขืงืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืžืฑื– 


ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜ ื–ื™ืš -- ืคื™ื•! ื›'ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ืึธ 
ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืžื–ืœื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืฉืขื”! 


ื›'ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ -- ื–ืขื˜ ื ืึธืจ, ื–ืขื˜: 
ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืฆื• ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืฆื™ ืฉื“ ืฆื• ืฉื“? 


ื•ื•ืขืจ? ืฐืขืจ ืฉืœืฒึทื›ื˜ ื™ืขืฆื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืขื™ืŸ-ื“ื•ืจ? 
ืฐืึธืก ืฐื™ืœ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืขืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ื•ื™ืจ? 


ื•ื•ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ืš ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืงื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืœืึธืฃ? 
ืžื™ืš, ื“ื™ ืึทืœื˜ืข ื‘ืขืœืช-ืื•ื‘? 


ื•ื•ืขืจ? ืฐืขืจ ืงืœืึทืคึผื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ื™ืจ ืžื™ืจ ืึธืŸ? 
ืึท ืงื™ื ื™ื’ ืฆื™ ืึทืŸ ืึธืจืขืžืึทืŸ? 


ื“ืขืจ ืฆื™ ื™ืขื ืขืจ? ืžื™ืœื‘ ืฆื™ ืžืึธืœ. 
ืฆื™ ื’ืึธืจ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืžืึธืœ? 


ืฆื™ ืึท ื ืึทืจ ืฆื™ ืึท ื”ืึทืจ 
ืฆื™ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื’ืึธืจ: ืึท ื”ืึทืจ ืึท ื ืึทืจ! 


297 


ืืœื™ื”ื• 


ื‘ืขืœืช-ืื•ื‘ 


ืืœื™ื”ื• 
ื‘ืขืœืช-ืื•ื‘ 


ืืœื™ื”ื• 
ื‘ืขืœืช-ืื•ื‘ 


(ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืจื™ืงืŸ ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœ) 
ืึท ื”ืึทืจ ืึท ื ืึทืจ!... 


ืึท ื”ืึทืจ? ืึท ืงื™ื ื™ื’ ืฐื™ื“ืขืจ! 


ืื•ืŸ ืฐื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ืึท ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ืขืจ... 
ืื™ืš ืฉืจืขืง ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจ ืื™ื! 
ืื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืงืŸ ื ืึธืจ ืžืึธืœ 
ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื’ืขืฉืจืึธืงืŸ ืคืึทืจ ืึท ืงื™ื ื™ื’ ื–ื™ืš... 
ืคืึทืจ ืึท ื‘ืจื•ื“ืขืจ ืžืฒึทื ืขื... 
ื“ืขืจ ื–ื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืงื™ืฉ (ืึท ืงืœื™ื™ื ืข ืคึผืฑื–ืข, ื‘ืึทื’ืฒึทืกื˜ืขืจื˜) 
ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ืงื™ื ื™ื’! (ืื•ืžืฆื•ืคืจื™ื“ืŸ, ื•ื™ ื–ื™ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืืฒึทื™{ื )ื’ืขืจื•ื™ืžื˜) 
ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ื ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืœื™ื˜ืŸ -- 
ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืงืขื ื™ื’ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ, (ืฉืคึผืึธื˜ื™ืฉ) 
ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ื ื‘ื™ื! 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื -- ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ! ื”ืขืจ: 
ืึท, ื‘ืขืœืช-ืื•ื‘! 
(ืœืึธื–ื˜ ืื™ื ื ื™ื˜ ืจื™ื™ื“ืŸ) 
ื”ืขืจ, ื”ืขืจ: ื›'ื•ื•ืขืœ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืื•ื‘ ื“ื™ืš ื›ึผื™ืฉื•ืคืŸ-- 
ืžืฒึทืŸ ืขืฆื” ืึธื‘ืขืจ; 
ื“ื• ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืฉืžื•ืืœืŸ, ื“ืขื ื ื‘ื™ื... - 
ืขืจ ืฐืขื˜ ื“ื™ืš ื”ืจื’ืขื ืขืŸ, 
ื•ื™ ืจ'ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื”ืจื’ืขื˜ ืื™ื, ื“ืขื ื–ื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืงื™ืฉ... 
ื•ื•ื™ื™, ื•ื•ื™ื™... ื“ืขืจ ื–ื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืงื™ืฉ! (ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜) 
ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื ื™ื˜ ืœื™ื‘ ื’ืขื”ืึทื˜ ืื™ื ืคืจื™ึดืขืจ... 
ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ื ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ, ื“ืขื ื”ื•ื™ืš-ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืงืกื™ืงืŸ, 
ื•ื™ ืขืจ ืคืึทืœื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืจ'ืขืจื“... 
ืึท ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึธืคึผื˜ืข ืงืึทืœื‘ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ืฒึท ืžื™ืจ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘, 
ืึทืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ-ืื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืงืข, 
ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขืฉืึธื›ื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ ืคืึทืจ ืื™ื, 
ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืื•ืžื–ื™ืกื˜ ื’ืขืฉืึธื›ื˜ืŸ ื–ื™, ื“ื™ ืงืึทืœื‘! 
ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื•ื’ืขืจื™ืจื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ืื™ืจ ื“ืขืจ ืงื™ื ื™ื’, 
ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทื“ื™ื ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืคืึทืจืฆืขืจื˜, 
ืึท ื–ืฒึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืง ืื™ื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ. 
ืึธื˜ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™, ืื™ืŸ ื–ืึทืง ืื™ืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืขื, 

398 


ืืœื™ื”ื• 
ื‘ืขืœืช-ืื•ื‘ 


ืืœื™ื”ื• 
ื‘ืขืœืช-ืื•ื‘ 


ืืœื™ื”ื• 


ื‘ืขืœืช-ืื•ื‘ 
ืืœื™ื”ื• 


ื ื—ืžื™ื” 
ืืœื™ื”ื• 
ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” 
ืืœื™ื”ื• 


ืžืขืŸ ืฉืคึผื™ืจื˜ ื“ืขื ืจื™ื— ืฉืื•ึนื™ืŸ... ื–ื™ ื ืขืžื˜ ืึทืจืฑื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืึทืง ืื•ืŸ ืขืกื˜) 
ืื™ืš ื‘ืจืขื ื’ ืื™ื ื ื™ื˜, 

ืื™ืš ื‘ืจืขื ื’ ื ื™ื˜ ืฉืžื•ืืœืŸ ืึทืจืฑืฃ... 

ื•ื•ืขืžืขืŸ ื–ืฉืข, ื–ืึธื’ ื•ื•ืขืžืขืŸ ื‘ืจืขื ื’ืกื˜ื• ืžื™ืจ ืึทืจืฑืฃ? 
ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ื ืขื˜! ืงื™ื™ื ืขื ื ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื... 

ื–ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืึธื˜: ื–ื™ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ืš! 

ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืคืึทืจ ืื™ื ื ื™ื˜ ืžื•ืจื, ืคืึทืจืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜... 
ืฉืื•ืœ! 

ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืื•ืžื“ืขืจืฉืจืึธืงืŸ ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ืฐื™ ืฉืื•ืœ!... 

ืื™ืŸ ืงืขืŸ ืืฒึทืš, ืึธ, ืื™ืš ืงืขืŸ ืืฒึทืš ื’ื•ื˜.- 

ืื™ื™ืš ื™ื•ื ื’ืข ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ, 

ืืฒึทืš ืžืœื›ื™ื ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืงืœืขื›ืข ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“ ื“ืึธ. 
ื•ื™ ืฉืึธื˜ื ืก ืึทื–ืฑ ืฐืึทื ื“ืขืจืŸ ื–ื™ 

ื ืึทื›ื˜ ืคืึทืจ ื ืึทื›ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืขื™ืŸ-ื“ื•ืจ, 

ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืคืึทืจืŸ ื˜ื•ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืžื•ืจื... 

ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜: ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืžื•ืจื ื ื™ื˜! 


ื ืึธืจ ื™ืขื ืข ื–ืฒ... ื“ื™ ื’ืขื˜ืขืจ, ืงื•ื™ื ืฉื˜ืฒื™ื™ื’ืŸ ื–ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืจ'ืขืจื“, 


ื•ื•ืขืกื˜ื• ืžื•ืจื ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึทืจืง... 
ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืคื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ ื“ื™ืจ ื™ืขืฆื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืึธื˜! 
(ืฉื˜ืจืขื ื’) 
ืื™ืŸ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื ืึทื›ื˜- 
ื›ึผื™ืฉื•ืฃ ืžื™ืš ื“ืึธ, ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ื›ึผื™ืฉื•ืฃ ืื•ื‘, 
ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืจืขื ื’ ืึทืจืฑืฃ ืžื™ืจ ื“ืขื 
ื•ื•ืขืžืขืŸ ืื™ืš ืคืึทืจืœืึทื ื’-- 
(ืฉืฐื•ืฒึทื’ื˜) 
(ื”ื•ื™ืš) 
ื ื—ืžื™ื”! 
(ืงื•ืžื˜ ืฆื• ืื™ื ืฆื• ืฆื•ื ืจืขื›ื˜ืŸ) 
ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”! 
(ืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื, ืฆื•ื ืœื™ื ืงืŸ) 
(ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืขืœืช-ืื•ื‘) 
ืฉืื•ืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ืจ ืฆื•ื’ืขืฉื•ื•ื•ื™ืจืŸ 
ืึทื– ืก'ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื– ื“ื™ืจ ื˜ืจืขืคืŸ... 
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ื‘ืขืœืช-ืื•ื‘ 


ืืœื™ื”ื• 
ื‘ืขืœืช-ืื•ื‘ 


ืืœื™ื”ื• 
ื‘ืขืœืช-ืื•ื‘ 
ืืœื™ื”ื• 
ื‘ืขืœืช-ืื•ื‘ 


ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘'ืก ื“ื™ืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฉื•ื•ื•ื™ืจืŸ! 
ื“ื• ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจืกื˜? ื™ืึธ ืฆื™ ื ื™ื™ืŸ?! 

(ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื˜ืขื ื™ืง, ื ืึธืš ืึท ืคึผืฑื™ื–ืข) 

ื–ืึธื’ ื•ื•ืขืžืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืœืกื˜ื• ื–ืขืŸ? 

ื“ืขื ืงื™ื ื™ื’ ืฉืื•ืœ! 

(ืฉืคึผืจื™ื ื’ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ) 

ืฉืื•ืœืŸ! ื™ืึธ ืฉืื•ืœ! ืฉืื•ืœ! 

ืื™ื– ืฉืื•ืœ ืื•ื™ืš ืฆืขื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื–ื™ื™? ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื? (ืœืึทืŸื›ื˜)ืŸ 
ืขืœ ื“ึฐืึทื˜ึธืคึฐืชึผ-- ืึทื˜ึฐืคื•ึผืš! 

ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื“ืขืจื˜ืจื•ื ืงืขืŸ ื™ืขื ืขื -- 

ื“ืขืจื˜ืจื™ื ืงื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ืš! 

ืฉืื•ืœ! 

ืฆื™ ืคืขืœืŸ ืžืฉื•ื’ืขื™ื ื“ื™ืจ? 

ื“ืขื ืงื™ื ื™ื’ ืฉืื•ืœ! 

ืžืฒึทื ืขื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ... ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ 

ืคืึทืจ ืื™ื ื ื™ื˜ ืžื•ืจื ืžืขืจ... 

ืจ'ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉืœื•ื ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืžืึทื›ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืžื™ืจ, 

ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ื ืึทื›ื˜ ื ืึธืš... 

ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขืžืึทื›ื˜ ืึทืคื™ืœื• ืฉืœื•ื-- 
ืฐืึธืก ืงืขืŸ ืขืจ ืžื™ืจ ื“ืขืŸ ื˜ืึธืŸ, ืึท ื˜ืฑื˜ืขืจ ืงื™ื ื™ื’? 
ื•ื•ื™ืœืกื˜ ืฉืื•ืœืŸ? (ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืคึผืจื•ื ื’ ืงื•ืžื˜ ื–ื™ ืฆื• ืฆื• ืžื™ื˜ ืกืฆืขื ืข, ื–ื™ ืคืึธื›ืขื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขืงืขืœืข ืฐืึธืก ืฉื™ื˜ 


ืžื™ื˜ ืคื•ื ืงืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœืข ื–ืฒึทื˜ืŸ) 


ื ืึทื›ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื ืึทื›ื˜-- 
ืื•ืŸ ื’ืึธืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืžืขืจ! 
ืก'ืงื•ืžื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ึผ 

ืึท ืงื•ืœ ืึทื”ืขืจ-- 
ืงื•ื! 


ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ื ืึธืš ื“ืึธ-- 
ื‘ืœื™ืฅ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ืคื•ื ืง 
ืื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ืึธ-- 
ืงื•ื! 


200 


ืฉืื•ืœ ื”ืžืœืš 


ื‘ืขืœืช-ืื•ื‘ 
ืฉืื•ืœ 


; ืืœื• 


ืงืจื™ืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืจ'ืขืจื“, 
ื˜ืจืึธืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื 
ืฉืคึผืึทืจ ืึทืจืฑืก 

ืึท ื‘ืœื™ืฅ, ืึท ืคืœืึทื-- 
ืงื•ื! 


3 


ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ, ืฆึดื™ 

ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ื™ืคืŸ ืฉื˜ืจืึธื, 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ื™ืžืœืขืŸ, 
ืฆื™ ืคื•ืŸ ืชึผื”ื•ื -- 
ืงื•ื! - 


ื‘ื™ืกื˜ื• ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ -- 
ืคืึทืœ ืฐื™ ืฉื˜ืฑื‘; 
ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื•ื ื˜ืŸ -- 
ื”ื•ื™ื‘ ื–ื™ืš, ื”ื•ื™ื‘! 


ื•ืฐืฒึทื– ืึท ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, 
ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ืึธ! 

ืื•ื‘ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื–ืŸ -- 
ื‘ื™ืกื˜ื• ื“ืึธ! 


ืงื•ื! ื–ื™ ืฉืคึผืจื™ื ื’ื˜ ืึธืคึผ) 


(ื“ืขืจืฉืฒื™ื ื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ืึท ืคืœืึทื ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืขืจื“. ืขืจ ืงื•ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึท ืœืขื ื’ืขืจืข ืฐืฒึทืœืข ืึทืจื•ื, ื‘ืœืฒึทื™ื‘ื˜ ืคืึทืจื’ืœื™ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืงื•ืงืŸ 
ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ื™ื™ืขื ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ื–ื•ืŸ) 

ื•ื™ ืึท ืžืึธืœ ืื•ื™ืš ื™ืขืฆื˜! ื“ื™ ื–ื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžืขืจื‘-ื–ืฒึทื˜ ืื™ื– ืึท ืคื•ืœื‘ืœื•ื˜ื™ืงืข, 

ืึทืšึฐ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฉืคึผื™ื– ื“ืึธ, ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืื™ืš ืื™ื ื’ืขืฉืœื™ื™ื“ืขืจื˜-- 

ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ื“ื•ื“ืŸ, ื“ืขื ืฉื™ื™ืŸ-ืืฑื’ื™ืงืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืžื•ื˜ื™ืงืŸ -- 

ื“ืขืจ ืึธื•ื•ื ื˜ ืงื•ืžื˜, ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืœืขืจ, ืžื™ื˜ ืฉื˜ื•ืžืข, ืฉื˜ื•ืžืข ืœืฒึทื™ื“ืŸ... 

(ื–ืฒึทึทืŸ ื‘ืœื™ืง ืคืึทืœื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืขืœืช-ืื•ื‘, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืฒึทื ื’ืขืฉืจื•ืžืคึผืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจืข ืฉืžืึทื˜ืขืก) 

ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืขืก! 

ืื™ืš, ืงื™ื ื™ื’, 


(ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืœืฒึทื›ื˜ืŸ ื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืจื™ืงืŸ ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœ) 


201 


ื‘ืขืœืช-ืื•ื‘ 


| ืฉืื•ืœ 
ื‘ืขืœืช-ืื•ื‘ 


ืฉืื•ืœ 


ื‘ืขืœืช-ืื•ื‘ 
ืฉืื•ืœ 


ื‘ืขืœืช-ืื•ื‘ 
ืฉืื•ืœ 


ื‘ืขืœืช-ืื•ื‘ 


ืฉืื•ืœ 


ืืœื™ื”ื• 


ืฉืื•ืœ 
ืืœื™ื”ื• 


ืงื™ื ื™ื’... ืงื™ื ื™ื’... ื™ืึธ!... 

ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื’ืœื‘ื•ืข-ื‘ืขืจื’, 

ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื“ืขื ืงืึธืคึผ ืคืึทืจืœื•ื™ืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืจื•ื™ืŸ, -- 
ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธืคึผ ืื™ื– ืื•ืžื’ืขืงืขืจื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืžื™ืจ, 
ื“ื™ ืงืจื•ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืžืขืจ.- 

(ื–ื™ ืฉืœืขืคึผื˜ ื ืขื ื˜ืขืจ ืฆื• ื“ืขื ื–ืึทืง, ืขืคื ื˜ ืื™ื) 

ื“ืึธ ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื–ื™, ืื™ืŸ ื–ืึทืง. 

ืื™ืŸ ื–ืึทืง! 

ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืงืจื•ื™ืŸ -- ื–ื™ ืœื™ื’ื˜ ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ื“ืึธ, 

ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืึทื›ืŸ ื ืึธืš, ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืœื˜ืฐืึทืจื’, 

ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืœืึทื ื’ ืคืึทืจื’ืขืกืŸ -- (ื ืขืžื˜ ืึทืจืฑืก ื“ื™ ืงืจื•ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืึทืง, ื“ืขืจืœืึทื ื’ื˜ ืขืก ืฉืื•ืœืŸ) 
ืึธื˜ ืื™ื– ื–ื™ 

(ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืจื™ืงืŸ ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœ) 

ื–ืึธืœ ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ ื‘ืฒึท ื“ื™ืจ! 

(ืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ื“ื™ ืงืจื•ื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ื–ืึทืง) 

ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ืึทืจื•ื™ืคื’ืขื‘ืจืึทื›ื˜ ืžื™ืจ-- 

ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืึทื–ืฑ ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื–ื™ืš ื ื•ืงื? 

ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ืš... 

ืขืก ืœืึทื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื™ืขืฆื˜ ืฐืขืจ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ืขืจื“-- 
ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืœืึทื›ื˜: 

ืžืฒึทืŸ ื›ึผื•ืก ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื˜ืจื•ื ืงืขืŸ 
ื˜ืจื™ื ืงื˜ ื™ืขืฆื˜ ืฉื‚ืื•ืœ... (ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืขืœืช-ืื•ื‘) 

ื“ื• ืื•ื™ืš? ื“ื• ืœืึทื›ืกื˜ ื™ืขืฆื˜ ืื•ื™ืš? 

ืึท ื‘ื™ืกืขืœืข... ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ืจ, 

ืคื•ืŸ ื’ื•ืจืœ ื“ืฒึทื ืขื ืœืึทืš ืื™ืš... (ืฐืฒึทื–ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืืœื™ื”ื•ืŸ) 
ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ... ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ื ื’ืœ ื“ืึธ, 

ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขืจื•ื“ืขืจื˜ ื“ื™ืš! 

(ื“ืขืจืฉืœืึธื’ืŸ ืฆื• ืืœื™ื”ื•ืŸ) 

ืฐืึธืก ื“ืึทืจืคืกื˜ื• ืžื™ืš? 

(ืคืึทืœื˜ ืฉืื•ืœืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคื™ืก) 

ืžืฒึทืŸ ืงื™ื ื™ื’! 

ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืžื™ื“, ืžืฒึทืŸ ืงื™ื ื“? 

ืึทืš, ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ... ืจ'ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ, ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื’ 


202 


ืฉืื•ืœ 


ืืœื™ื”ื• 
ืฉืื•ืœ 


ืืœื™ื”ื• 
ืฉืื•ืœ 
ืืœื™ื”ื• 
ืฉืื•ืœ 


ืืœื™ื”ื• 
ืฉืื•ืœ 


ืืœื™ื”ื• 
ืฉืื•ืœ 


ืืœื™ื”ื• 
ืฉืื•ืœ 


ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืขืœืช-ืื•ื‘... 
ื™ืึธ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ... 
ื ืึธืจ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื• ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜, ืžืฒึทืŸ ืงื™ื ื“, 
ื•ื™ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืคืฉื˜ื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ืจ ืึทื”ืขืจ-- 
ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืจ'ืขืจื“, 
ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ืžืขื˜ื™ืง ืึทื–ืฑ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืื™ืจืข... 
ืขืก ืื™ื– ื“ื™ืจ ื‘ืึทื ื’, ืžืฒื™ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“? 
ืขืก ืื™ื– ืื•ื ื“ื– ื‘ืึทื ื’, ืึทืš ื‘ืึทื ื’... 
"ืขืก ืื™ื– ืื•ื ื“ื– ื‘ืึทื ื’... " 
ืื•ื ื“ื– -- ื”ืึธืกื˜ื• ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ -- ืฐื•ื•ื™ืœ ื“ื™ืจ! 
ืื™ืš, ืื™ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืขืœื ื˜, ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื–ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืึทืœืฒืŸ... 
ืขืก ืื™ื– ืื•ื ื“ื– ื‘ืึทื ื’... 
ืฆื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ืึธืคึผื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืืฒึทืš? 
ื™ืึธ, ืึธืคึผื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื–ื™ืš. 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืœื™ืฉืชึผื™ื? 
ื–ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืขืŸ ื ืึธืš ืžื™ื˜ ืืฒึทืš ืื™ืŸ ืงืจื™ื’? 
ืื•ื™ืš ื–ื™ื™... 
ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ื•ื™ ืึท ืžืึธืœ-- ืื•ื™ืš ื™ืขืฆื˜... 
ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“ ื“ืึธ, ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื‘ื™ื˜ืŸ (ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฐืึธืก) 
ืคืึทืจ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธืกื˜ื• ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขืจื•ื“ืขืจื˜, 
ื ืึธืš ืึท ืžืึธืœ, ืื™ื, ืื™ื... 
ืฉืžื•ืืœืŸ? 
ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืจื™ื™ืกื˜ ืžื™ืš... 
ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื“ืึธืก ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืš ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ ื”ืขืจืŸ-- 
ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจื ืขื ื˜ืขืจื˜ ืžื™ืš ืฆื•ื ืกื•ืฃ... (ืึท ืœื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœ ื‘ืึทืฉืฒึทื ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขื–ื™ื›ื˜) 
ืึธ, ืื™ืจ ื’ืœื‘ื•ืข-ื‘ืขืจื’, ืื™ืจ ื’ื•ื˜ืข, 
ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ืš ืืฒึทื ื’ืขืฉืœืขืคืขืจื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืฉืœืึธืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืฑื˜! 
ืฆื™ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืึธืก ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–? 
ื’ืึธื˜ ื‘ืึทื”ื™ื˜! 
ืžื™ืจ ื˜ืจื™ื ืงืขืŸ ืึทืœืข ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ื–ืขืœื‘ืŸ ื›ึผื•ืก... 
ื•ื™ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืื™ืš, ืึทืš, ื“ืขืจื‘ืึทืจืขืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ืš, ืงื™ื ื“. 
ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ื™ื•ื ื’ ืึทื–ืฑ ืื•ืŸ ืฆืึทืจื˜, 
ืขืก ื ืขื›ื˜ื™ืงื˜ ื ืึธืš ื“ืขืจ ื˜ื•ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืฒึทื ืข ืœืึธืงืŸ, 
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ืืœื™ื”ื• 


ืฉืื•ืœ 


ืืœื™ื”ื• 
ืฉืื•ืœ 


ืืœื™ื”ื• 
ืฉืื•ืœ 
ื‘ืขืœืช-ืื•ื‘ 


ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ ื“ืฒึทื ืขืจ ื•ื™ ืžืึธืจื’ื ืจืฑื˜, 
ืฐืึธืก ืฉืคึผืึทืœื˜ ืึทื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ืžื–ืจื—- ืจืึทื ื“ืŸ -- (ื‘ืึทื“ืฑืขืจื˜ ืื™ื) 

ืื•ืŸ ืก'ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ืจ ื‘ืึทืงืึทื ื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืขื™ืŸ-ื“ื•ืจ... 
ืื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ืฒึทื ืข ื™ืึธืจืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ ื ืึธืš ื’ืขื—ืœื•ืžื˜. 

ืึท ื—ืœื•ื ื™ืึธ... ืžืฒึทืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฅ-- 

ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืึทื˜ืฒึทื˜... 

ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทื˜ืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ื—ืœื•ืžื•ืช ืื™ื– ื‘ืฒึท ื’ืึธื˜. 

ื“ื• ื‘ืจืขื ื’ ืึทืจืฑืฃ ืึท ื’ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืŸ ืึท ืžืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืจ'ืขืจื“...(ื“ืขืจืฉืœืึธื’ืŸ) 
ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืจ'ืขืจื“ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ืงืขื ื™ื’ ื ืึธืจ... 

ืฉื™ืง ืึธืคึผ ืžื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืจื•-- 

ืก'ื’ืขืคืขืœื˜ ื“ื™ืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ื™ ืขืจื“? 

ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ... 

ืึทืš ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื• ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื•ื™ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืขืก ืื™ื– 

ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืžืงืขืจืŸ ืฆื•ื ืœืขื‘ืŸ, 

ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขื ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจืœืึธื–ืŸ, 

ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืžืงืขืจืŸ ืฆื• ืขืจื˜ืขืจ 

ืฐื•ึผ ืžืขืŸ ืื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ืœืึทื ื’, ืคื•ืŸ ืœืึทื ื’ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ... 

ืฉื™ืง ืึธืคึผ ืžื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืจื•... 

(ืคืึทืœื˜ ืฆื• ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืคึผื ื™ื ืฆื• ื“ืจ'ืขืจื“) 

(ืคืึทืจืฉืฐื™ื ื“ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืคืœืึทื ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืขืจื“) 


(ืฉืคึผืจื™ื ื’ื˜ ื‘ืึทืœื“ ืฆื• ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืฃ ืฉืื•ืœืก ืึธืจื˜) 


ืก'ื‘ืจืขื ื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืึธืจื˜ ืฐื•ึผ ืจ'ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทื ืขืŸ, 
ืก'ืคืœืึทืงืขืจื˜ ื ืึธืš ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืก'ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืงืขื ื˜ื™ืง, 
ืก'ืื™ื– ืึท ืคืœืึทืก ืฐืึธืก ื‘ืจืขื ื’ื˜ ืคืึทืจืœืขื ื“ื•ื ื’ -- 
ืื™ืš, ืึทื– ื›'ื•ื•ืขืœ ืึทืฐืขืง ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึทื ืขืŸ 


ืงื•ื ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฆื•ื™ื‘ืขืจ - 
ืจ'ืงืขืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ื•ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืงืขืŸ ืขืจ; 

ืื™ืš ื–ื™ืฅ ืื•ืŸ ืœื•ื™ื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื’ืจืขื ืขืฅ- 
ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึทืก ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืœื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืœื•ื™ื‘ืŸ... ืฆื• ืืœื™ื”ื•ืŸ) 
ื‘ืึทืคืจืฒึท ืื•ื™ืš ืžื™ืš! 


4204 


ืืœื™ื”ื• 


ื‘ืขืœืช-ืื•ื‘ 


(ืื•ื™ืคื”ื™ื™ื‘ื ื“ื™ืง ื–ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“) 

ื“ื• ื’ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜, ื ื™ื™ืŸ! (ืคึฟืึทืจ ื–ื™ืš) 

ืื™ืš ื—ืœื•ื ื ื™ื˜, ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ 

ืึท ื—ืœื•ื ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ืจืŸ, ืึท ืจืขื˜ืขื ื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš -- 
ื•ื•ืขืจ ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืึทืฉืฒื“?... ื“ื ื™ืืœ (ืฆื• ื‘ืขืœืช-ืื•ื‘) 
ื“ื• ื‘ืจืขื ื’ ืžื™ืจ ื“ื ื™ืืœืŸ ืึทืจืฑืฃ! 

ื ืึทื›ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื ืึทื›ื˜ 

ืื•ืŸ ื’ืึธืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืžืขืจ-- 

ืก'ืงื•ืžื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ึผ 

ืึท ืงื•ืœ ืึทื”ืขืจ -- 

ืงื•ื! 


ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ 

ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ื ืึธืš ื“ืึธ-- 
ื‘ืœื™ืฅ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ืคื•ื ืง 
ืื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ืึธ-- 
ืงื•ื! 


*ึตืœื• 


ืงืจื™ืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืจ'ืขืจื“, 
ื˜ืจืึธืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื-- 
ืฉืคึผืึทืจ ืึทืจืฑืก: 

ืึท ื‘ืœื™ืฅ, ืึท ืคืœืึทื 
ืงื•ื! 


;ืืœื• 


ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืฆึดื™ 


ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ื™ืคืŸ ืฉื˜ืจืึธื, 


ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ื™ืžืœืขืŸ, 
ืฆื™ ืคื•ืŸ ืชึผื”ื•ื -- 
ืงื•ื! 

ื‘ื™ืกื˜ื• ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ -- 
ืคืึทืœ ืฐื™ ืฉื˜ืฑื‘; 
ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื•ื ื˜ืŸ -- 
ื”ื•ื™ื‘ ื–ื™ืš, ื”ื•ื™ื‘! 


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ื“ื ื™ืืœ 
ื‘ืขืœืช-ืื•ื‘ 


ืืœื™ื”ื• 
ื‘ืขืœืช-ืื•ื‘ 


ืืœื™ื”ื• 
ื‘ืขืœืช-ืื•ื‘ 


ืืœื™ื”ื• 
ื“ื ื™ืืœ 
ืืœื™ื”ื• 


ื“ื ื™ืืœ 


ืืœื™ื”ื• 
ื“ื ื™ืืœ 


ืืœื™ื”ื• 


ื“ื ื™ืืœ 


ืฐืฒึทื– ืึท ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, 

ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ืึธ-- 

ืื•ื™ื‘ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื–ืŸ 

ื‘ื™ืกื˜ื• ื“ืึธ-- 

ืงื•ื! ื–ื™ ืฉืคึผืจื™ื ื’ื˜ ืึธืคึผ) 

(ื“ืขืจืฉืฒึทื ื˜ ื’ืขืงืœื™ื™ื“ื˜ ื•ื™ ืึท ื‘ื‘ืœืฉืขืจ ืžืึทื’) 

(ืฆืขืฉืจืฒึทื˜ ื–ื™ืš) 

ื•ื•ื™ื™ ืžื™ืจ! 

ื•ื•ืขืžืขืŸ ื–ืขืกื˜ื•? 

ืึท ื’ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ 

ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืคื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืจ'ืขืจื“. โ€ / 

ื•ื™ ื–ืขื˜ ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืก? 

ืึท ืฉื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืžืึทืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš 
ืคืึทืจืฐื™ืงืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืžืึทื ื˜ืœ. 

ื“ื ื™ืืœ! (ืขืจ ื‘ื•ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื’ื™ืืœืŸ) 

ืึฒื ึธื ื“ึธื ื™ืืœ ืžึดืŸ ื‘ึฐื ึตื™ ื’ึธืœื•ึผืชึธื ื“ึดื™ ื™ึธื”ื•ื“... 

ืจื™ื™ื“ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ, ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ, 

ืื•ืŸ ืจื™ื™ื“ ืฆื• ืื•ื ื“ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืึทืจืึทืžืขื™ึดืฉ... 

(ืคืึทืจื•ื•ื™ืจื˜) 

ืฆื• ื•ื•ืขืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืžื™ืš ืึทืจืฑืคื’ืขื‘ืจืึทื›ื˜ ืขืก ื“ืึธ? 
ืฆื• ืื•ื ื“ื–, ืฆื• ื“ืฒึทื ืข ื‘ืจื™ื“ืขืจ. 

ืฆื• ืืฒึทืš! ืฆื• ื‘ื ื™-ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ! ื•ื™ื™... 

ื ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ื’ืึธื˜ืก ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ืึทืจืฑืคื’ืขื‘ืจืึทื›ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ! 
ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ื’ืึธื˜ืก! (ืฐืฒึทื–ื˜ ืืฑืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืขืœืช-ืื•ื‘ ืฐืึธืก ืงืึธืจื˜ืฉืขื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจืข ืฉืžืึทื˜ืขืก) 
ืื•ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ, ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื ืคืฉ ืึธ-- 

ืจืขื“ื˜ ืึทืจืฑืก ื’ืึธื˜ืก ื’ืฒึทืกื˜. 

(ื‘ืึทื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ ืื™ืจ ืึท ืฐืฒึทืœ) 

ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ... ื•ื•ื™ื™! ื•ื•ื™ื™! 

ืžื™ืจ ื“ื•ื›ื˜: ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ื–ื™... 

ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืœ! ื‘ืฒึทื ืžื•ื‘ื— ื‘ึทืœืก.- 

ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึทืœื’ืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขื. 
ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืจืก, ื“ื•ื›ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืœ 

ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ื– ืื—ืจื™ืžื•ื ืก -- 


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ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื’ืขืงื•ื™ืงืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจืข ืฉืžืึทื˜ืขืก... (ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื ื“ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืขืœืช-ืื•ื‘) 
ืึทื ึฐืชึธึผ ื“ึดื™ ื”ึดื ึฐืขึทืœึฐืชึธึผ ืื•ึนืชึดื™ ืงึธื“ึฐืžึตื™ ืžึทืœึฐื›ึทื™ึตื 

ื“ึดื™ ื‘ึธื‘ึถืœ ื•ึผืคึธืจึถืก? ื“ื• ื“ื• - 

ื”ืึธืกื˜ ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขื‘ืจืึทื›ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืคืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืงืขื ื™ื’ืŸ 

ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืœ ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืก? 


ื‘ืขืœืช-ืื•ื‘ (ืงืึธืจื˜ืฉืขื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ืึธืš ืžืขืจ ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืฃ) 

ืืœื™ื”ื• (ืžื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจื“ืจืึธืก ืฆื• ื“ื ื™ืืœืŸ) 
ืคืึทืจ ื–ื™ ื”ืึธืกื˜ื•ึน ืึท ืœืขื‘ืขื“ื™ืงืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืึทื•ื™ื–ืŸ! 

ื“ื ื™ืืœ ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื˜ื•ื™ื˜, ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ื™ืคืŸ ืงื‘ืจ... ืื™ืš! (ืฐืฒึทื–ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืขืœืช-ืื•ื‘) 
ื–ื™, ื–ื™... ื“ืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ืึทืจืฑืคื’ืขื‘ืจืึทื›ื˜ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ ืžื™ืš! 

ืืœื™ื”ื• ืื™ืš ืงื•ื ืฆื• ื“ื™ืจ, ื“ื ื™ืืœ, ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื—ืœื•ื ืื•ื™ืš-- 
ืึธ ื–ืึธื’ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืึทืฉืฒื“?-- 

ื“ื ื™ืืœ (ืฉื•ื•ื™ื™ื’ื˜) 

ืืœื™ื”ื• ืึธ, ืžืึทืš ืžื™ืจ ืงืœืึธืจ! 

ื“ื ื™ืืœ ืื™ืš ืžืึทืš ื“ื™ืจ ื’ืึธืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืงืœืึธืจ! 

ืืœื™ื”ื• ื–ื™ื™... ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธืกื˜ื• ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื“ืขื ื‘ืึทื“ืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืฅ, 
ื–ื™ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–! 

ื“ื ื™ืืœ ื–ื™ ื™ืึธ... ื“ื™ ื’ื•ื™ื™ื -- ื™ืึธ! 


ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื“ืขื ื‘ืึทื“ืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืฅ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜, 

ืก'ืื™ื– ืžื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ื™ื™ ื’ืขืฐื•ืขื–ืŸ ืึท ื‘ื™ื˜ืขืจ ืจื—ืžื ื•ืช, 
ื’ืขืฆื ื“ื™ื ืขืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืึทืœืข ื–ื™ื™ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ, 

ืคืึทืจืœื•ื™ืจืขื ืข, 

ืคืึทืจื‘ืœืึธื ื“ื–ืฉืขื˜ืข ืื•ื™ืฃ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื ืœืขื‘ืŸ, 

ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืขืจ ื—ืœื•ื ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื ืึทื›ื˜ืœืขื›ืŸ ื’ืขืœืขื’ืขืจ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืฆืขื˜ื•ืžืœื˜ ื–ื™ื™, 

ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ื—ืœื•ื ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ืคืจืขืžื“ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ื™ ืึท ืงืขืœื˜, 
ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจืฉืจืึธืงืŸ ื–ื™ื™... 

ืื•ืŸ ื“ื•-- ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืึท ืงื™ื ื“ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ืžืก! 

ื•ื•ืขืจ ื‘ื™ืกื˜ื• ื“ืขืŸ ืื™ืš ื–ืึธืœ ื“ืขืจื‘ืึทืจ'ืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ืจ? 
ืก'ืื™ื– ื’ื•ื˜ ื“ื™ืจ! 


ืืœื™ื”ื• ืึธ ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืžื™ืจ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื’ื•ื˜. 
ื“ื ื™ืืœ ืก'ืื™ื– ื“ืึธ ืึท ื’ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื! 
ืืœื™ื”ื• ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืึทืจืœืึธื–ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–... 


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ื“ื ื™ืืœ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืึทืจืœืึธื–ืŸ ืืฒึทื™ืš -- 
ื›ึผื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ืืฒึทืš ื‘ืึทื”ืขืคื˜ืŸ. 


ืืœื™ื”ื• ื•ื•ื™ื™ ืื•ื ื“ื–, ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ-- 
ื“ื ื™ืืœ ื‘ืึทืคึผืจืฒึท ืžื™ืš! 
ืืœื™ื”ื• ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ ื“ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืึทืคึผืจืฒึทืขืŸ -- 


ืึทืŸ "ืื•ืจื™ื-ื•ืชึผื•ืžื™ื" ื‘ื™ืกื˜ื• ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืคืจืขืžื“ืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื—ื•ืฉืš ื•ื•ื™ืœืกื˜ื• ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืึทืœืฒึทื›ื˜ืŸ! 
ื“ื ื™ืืœ ืก'ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื—ื•ืฉืš -- ืก'ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืขื‘-ื”ืขื ืŸ, 
ื“ืขืจ ืฐืึธืœืงืŸ-ื ืขื‘ืœ, 
ื“ื™ ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ื’ืึธื˜ืก ืฐืึธืก ื˜ื•ื˜ ื‘ืึทื“ืขืงืŸ ืืฒึทืš. 
ืืœื™ื”ื• ื“ื™ ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ื’ืึธื˜ืก -- ืึธ ืขืคืŸ, 
ืขืคืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข - 
ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ืœื 'ืก ื–ืขืŸ! 
ื“ื ื™ืืœ ื“ื• ืœืึทื›ืกื˜?... ื ื™ื˜ ืœืึทืš! ื ื™ื˜ ืœืึทืš 
ืคื•ืŸ ืขืœื ื˜ืŸ, ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ, 
ื“ืึธืก ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš, ืื™ืš, ื“ื ื™ืืœ, 
ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขืจืึทื˜ืขืฐืขื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืคืขืœืงืขืจ ืคื™ืœ, - 
ื“ื ื™ืืœ ืึธื‘ืขืจ- / 
ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื™ื‘ื ื’ืจื•ื‘ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืคืŸ -- 
ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืงื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ืœืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืึธื˜... 
ืงื•ืžื˜, ื‘ืœื™ื ื“ืข ืึทืœืข, ืฐื•ึผ ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜, 
ืื™ืš ืขืคืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืืฒึทืš - 
ื–ื™ืš ืึทืœืฒืŸ ื ืึธืจ ืงืขืŸ ืื™ืš ื–ืขืขื•ื•ื“ื™ืง ื ื™ื˜ ืžืึทื›ืŸ! 
ืฆื• ืžื™ืจ ืึทื”ืขืจ ืงื•ื ื•ื•ืขืจ ืคืึทืจืœื•ื™ืจืŸ ืื™ื–-- 
ืื™ืš ืจืฒึทืก ื“ืขื ื“ืขืงื˜ื•ืš ืื•ื™ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ืจืขื˜ืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ืึทืœืข 
ืื™ืš ืฐืึทืจืฃ ืึท ืœื™ื›ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึทืœืฅ-- ืื•ืŸ ืึทืœืฅ-- ืึทืœืฅ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื’ืขื ืขื–ืŸ. 
ืฆื• ืžื™ืจ, ืฆื• ืžื™ืจ ืงื•ืžื˜ ื˜ืจื•ื™ืžืขืจ, 
ืคืึทืจื—ืœื•ืžื˜ืข ืื™ืจ ืึทืœืข, 
ื‘ืึทืฐืฒึทื–ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืข ืขืงืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš, 
ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžืึทืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ, 
ื“ืขื ื‘ืึทืฉืฒื“ ืคืึทืจ ื™ืขื“ื ืก ื˜ืจื•ื™ื, 
ืื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืขื, ื“ืขื ื—ืœื•ื ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืคืงืœืขืจืŸ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜, 
ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ื’ืึธืจ ืฐื•ึผื ื“ืขืจืœืขื›ืข ื–ืึทื›ืŸ-- 


208 


ืืœื™ื”ื• 
ื“ื ื™ืืœ 


ืืœื™ื”ื• 


ื“ื ื™ืืœ 


ืืœื™ื”ื• 
ื“ื ื™ืืœ 
ืืœื™ื”ื• 


ื“ื ื™ืืœ 
ื‘ืขืœืช-ืื•ื‘ 


ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคืึทืจืœืฑืจืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฅ... 

ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืคืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืžืขืจืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืจืขืกืขืจ 

ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืžืฆืจื™ื ื“ืขื ื‘ืึทืฉืฒื™ื“ 

ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขืžืก ื—ืœื•ื 

ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ื—ืœื•ืžื•ืช 

ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขืงืœืขืจื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืึธื˜ืขืจ 

ื–ืฒึท ื•ื™ ื™ืขืงื‘ -- ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืคืึธื˜ืขืจ ื–ืฒื™! 

ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ ืฐื™ ื™ืขืงื‘ ื–ืฒึทืŸ: ื›'ืฐืขืœ ืึธื ืฉืจืฒึทื™ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืืฒึทืš! 
ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธืกื˜ื• ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขื˜ืจื™ื™ืกืœื˜ ืžื™ืš? 

ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธืกื˜ื• ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขื‘ืจืึทื›ื˜ ืึท ื’ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืจ'ืขืจื“? 
ื–ื™ ื–ื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฆืŸ ื“ื™ืจ! 

ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขื‘ืจืึทื›ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื™ื– ื“ื ื™ืืœ-- 

ื“ืึธืก ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืžืึธืœ ื ืึธืจ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜! 

ืื•ืŸ ื™ืขื ืข ื“ืึธืจื˜, ื“ื™ ื’ื•ื™ื™ื -- ื“ื™ ื”ืขืจืฉืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“-- 
ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ืš ืึทืจืฑืคื’ืขื‘ืจืึทื›ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึธืœ! 

ื ื™ื˜ ืžื™ืš, ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ ื“ื ื™ืืœืŸ, 

ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ื, ื“ื ื™ืืœืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืขื ื˜, 

ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขื‘ืจืึทื›ื˜ ื‘ืœืฉืืฆืจืŸ.., 

ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื’ืŸ ืงืœืึธืจ ืคืึทืจ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืคืจืขืžื“ืŸ 

ืื•ืŸ ืงื•ืžืกื˜ ืฆื• ืื•ื ื“ื– ืžื™ื˜ ืจืขื˜ืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ืืฒื‘ื™ืงืข ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ืขืœื˜... 
ืจืขื˜ืขื ื™ืฉืŸ... ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืจืขื˜ืขื ื™ืฉืŸ, ืืฒื‘ื™ืงืข, ืžืฒึทื™ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“... 
ื‘ืึทืคึผืจืฒึท ืžื™ืš -- 

(ื‘ืึทื”ืึทืœื˜ ื“ืึธืก ื’ืขื–ื™ื›ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜) 

(ืคึผืึทืจืฉืฐื™ื ื“ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืคืœืึทืžืขืŸ) 


(ืฉืคึผืจื™ื ื’ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื ื™ืืœืก ืึธืจื˜) 


ืก'ื‘ืจืขื ื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืึธืจื˜ ืฐื•ึผ ืจ'ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทื ืขืŸ, 
ืก'ืคืœืึทืงืขืจื˜ ื ืึธืš ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืก'ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืงืขื ื˜ื™ืง-- 
ืก'ืื™ื– ืึท ืคืœืึทื ืฐืึธืก ื‘ืจืขื ื’ื˜ ืคืึทืจืœืขื ื“ื•ื ื’, 
ืื™ืš, ืึทื– ื›'ื•ื•ืขืœ ืึทืฐืขืง ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึทื ืขืŸ 
ืงื•ื ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฆื•ื™ื‘ืขืจ, 
ืจ'ืงืขืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ืฑื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืงืขืŸ ืขืจ-- 
ื›'ื–ื™ืฅ, ืื•ืŸ ืœืฑืขืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื’ืจืขื ืขืฅ, 

209 


ืืœื™ื”ื• 
ื‘ืขืœืช-ืื•ื‘ 


ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึทืก ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืœื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืœื•ื™ื‘ืŸ! (ืฆื• ืืœื™ื”ื•ืŸ) 
ื‘ืึทืคึผืจืฒึท ืื•ื™ืš ืžื™ืจ! 

ื‘ืœื™ื™ื‘ ื“ืึธ ื ืึธืš, ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ ืžื™ื˜ ืžื™ืจ! 
ื‘ืœืฒึทื™ื‘ ื ืึธืš! 

ื‘ืœื™ื™ื‘ ื ืึธืš! 

ืคืึทืจ ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฉืข 

ื ืึธืš? 

ื›'ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก -- 

ืก'ืื™ื– ื’ืจื•ื™ืก 

ืื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื ื•ื™ื˜, 

ืก'ืื™ื– ื“ื™ืจ ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ 

ืื•ืŸ ืขื ื’ ืฆื•ื ื˜ื•ื™ื˜... 


ื–ืึธื’ ืžื™ืจ ืึธื‘ืขืจ, 
ื–ืึธื’ ืžื™ืจ, ื–ืึธื’, 

ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ื•ื ืง'ืœืขืจ 
ืึธื•ื•ื ื˜-ืฉืขื”, 

ื•ื™ ืœืึทื ื’ ืžื™ื™ื ืกื˜ื• 
ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืขืจื’ ืžื™ืš 
ื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ื“ืึธ? 


ืฉื ืขืœืขืจ, ืฉื ืขืœืขืจ, 
ื’ื™ื›ืขืจ ื–ืึธื’! 

ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ื ืึธืš 

ืขืก ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื“ืึธ ื”ืขืœืขืจ, 
ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ื ืึธืš 

ืขืก ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื“ืึธ ื˜ืึธื’! 


ืงื•ืงื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืคืœื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง, 
ืงื•ืงื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืึธืŸ, 
ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื’ื™ื›ืขืจ, 
ืงื•ืจืฅ ืื•ืŸ ืจื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง, 
ืฉืึทืจืฃ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ 
20 


ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืš ื–ืึธืœ 
ืคืึทืจ ืืฒึทืš ื“ืึธ ื˜ืึธืŸ? 


ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืŸ, 
ืื™ืŸ ืขืง ื•ื•ืขืœื˜, 
ืื™ืŸ ืฉืฐืึทืจืฅ-ื™ืึธืจ, 
ืื™ืŸ ืขื™ืŸ-ื“ื•ืจ, 
ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆืฒื™ื˜ืŸ, 
ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืžืฒึทื™ืŸ ืฆืขืœื˜, 
ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื’ืจื™ื‘ืขืœืข 

ืึท ื’ืจื•ื‘, 

ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืึท ืฉื˜ื™ื‘ืขืœืข 
ืึท ืฉื˜ื•ื‘-- 

ืึทืจื•ื ืื™ืจ 

ืึท ื‘ืœืึธื˜ืข ื’ืจื™ืŸ, 
ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืงื•ืžื˜ 

ืฆื• ืžื™ืจ ืึทื”ื™ืŸ... 


ืก'ืฐื•ืึทืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืžื™ืจ, 
ืึท ืฐื•ื™ืกื˜ืข ืฉืคึผื™ืŸ-- 
ืฐืึทืจื˜ ื–ื™ ื ืึธืš, 
ืฐืึทืจื˜ ื–ื™ ื ืึธืš... 
ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ืฉืคึผื™ื ืฐื•ืขื‘ืก 
ื“ื™ืŸ ืึท ื”ืึธืจ 

ื”ืขื ื’ื˜ ืึท ื˜ืจื•ืงืขื ืข 
ืึท ืคืœื™ื’; 

ื•ื•ื™ื’ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคืœื™ื’ ื–ื™ืš 
ื•ื•ื™ื’ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, 

ื•ื•ื™ื’ื˜. 


ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืฒึทื–ืœ 
ืื™ืŸ ืขื™ืŸ-ื“ื•ื”, 
ืฉื˜ืขืงื˜ ืึท ืžืฒึทื–ืœ 


211 


ืฉื˜ืขืงืŸื˜ืŸ ืึทืจืฑืก 

ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืœืึธืš, 

ืฉื˜ืขืงื˜ ื“ื™ ืžื•ื™ื–, 
ืฉื˜ืขืงื˜ ืื™ืจ ืงืขืคึผืขืœืข 
ืึทืจืฑืก-- 

ืงื•ืงื˜ ืžื™ืš ืื•ืก, 
ืงื•ืงื˜ ืžื™ืš ืื•ื™ืก.., 


ืึท, ื–ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜ 
ื•ื•ื• ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ? 
ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืฐืึทืจื˜ืŸ 
ืื™ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื”ื•ื™ื–, 
ืื™ ื“ื™ ืฉืคึผื™ืŸ 

ืื•ืŸ ืื™ ื“ื™ ืžืฑื–, 
ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืฐืึทืจื˜ืŸ 
ืฐืึทืจื˜ืŸ ืœืึทื ื’... 
ืก'ืื™ื– ื–ื™ ื‘ืึทื ื’, 
ืก'ืื™ื– ื–ื™ื™ ื‘ืึทื ื’-- 
ืื™ ื“ืขืจ ืฉืคึผื™ืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ืื™ ื“ืขืจ ืžื•ื™ื–,.. 
ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข, ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข 
ืงื•ืงืŸ ืื•ื™ืก 

ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึทืœืข ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ-- 
ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืคืจืขื’ืŸืŸ:ืŸ 
ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก? 
ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก? 
ืึธ, ืคืึทืจ ืฐืึธืก 
ื–ืึทืžื˜ ืึทื–ืฑ ื–ื™ืš 
ืึธืŸ ืึท ืกื•ืฃ, 

ืึธืŸ ืึท ืกื•ืฃ 

ื“ื™ ื‘ืขืœืช-ืื•ื‘? 


ืึธื˜ ืึท ืฉืืœื”! 


212 


ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื–ื•ื›ืŸ... 

ื ืึธืš ืึท ืฐืฒึทืœืข-- 

ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ ืคืœื•ื›ืŸ 

ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืฉื™ืœื˜ืŸ -- 

ื–ืึธื’ื˜, ืฐืึธืก ื•ื•ื™ืœื˜ ืื™ืจ? 

ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืืฒึทืœื™ืง-- 

ื‘ืึทืคึผืจืฒึท! ื‘ืึทืคึผืจืฒึท ืื•ื™ืš ืžื™ืš... 

ืก/ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืžื™ืจ ื–ื™ืฆืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจืขื ืขืฅ! 
ืื™ืš ืฉืœืึธืฃ ื ื™ื˜, ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื›'ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืฐืึทืš-- ืื™ืš ื’ืขื ืขืฅ! 
ื“ื™ ื’ืจืขื ืขืฅ, ื! 

ืขืก ืื™ื– ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืจืขื ืขืฅ ื’ืึธืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ืึธ! 
ื“ืึธืก ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜-- 

ืื™ื™ืŸ ืงืขืคึผืœ ืงืจื•ื™ื˜! (ื ื™ืกื˜) 

ื”ืึธืคึผื˜ืฉื™! 

ื•ื•ื™? ื•ื•ื™? 

ืึทืคื™ืœื• ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืืฒื™ืŸ - 

ื“ืขืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื–ื™ึทื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ! 
ืฐืึธืก ืžืขืŸ ื˜ืึธืจ, ืฐืึธืก ืžืขืŸ ื˜ืึธืจ ื ื™ื˜-- 
ืื™ื– ืื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืึธืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื’ืึธืจ ื ื™ื˜! 
ืื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืึธื˜ืŸ ืฉืฐืึทืจืฅ! 

ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทื˜ืึทืคึผืŸ, 

ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื›ืึทืคึผืŸ-- 

ื ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืึทื ื˜, ื ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฅ ื–ื™ ื’ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึท ื“ืจื™ ืฐื™ ืึท ื•ื•ื™ืจื‘ืœื•ื•ื™ื ื˜) 
ื“ื• ื–ืขืกื˜ ื•ื™ ืื™ืš ื“ืจื™ื™ ืžื™ืš-- 

ืึทื–ืฑ ื“ืจื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜! 

ืื™ืŸ ื—ืœื•ื! ืื•ื™ืฃ ืฐืึธืจ-- 

ืื™ืš ื“ืจื™ื™ ืžื™ืš! 

ืฉื™ืง ืึธืคึผ ืžื™ืš! 

ืฉื™ืง ืึธืคึผ ื’ื™ืš 

ืึทื”ื™ื™ื ืžื™ืš 

ืึทื”ื™ื™ื, ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืขื™ืŸ-ื“ื•ืจ! 


ืขืก ืฐืึทืจื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืžื™ืจ ืื™ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฆืขืœื˜ 
1213 


ืืœื™ื”ื• 
ื‘ืขืœืช-ืื•ื‘ 
ืืœื™ื”ื• 
ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” 


ื‘ืขืœืช-ืื•ื‘ 
ืืœื™ื”ื• 
ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” 


ืืœื™ื”ื• 
ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” 


ืฉืคึผื™ื ืขืŸ 

ืึท ืžื ื™ืŸ, 

ืื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทื™ื– 

ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืงืจื™ื™ื–, 

ื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ื™ื ืงืข 

ืงืœื™ื™ื ื™ื ืงืข 

ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื“ืขืจื™ื ืขืŸ-- 

ื‘ืึทืฅ! 

ืึท ืงืึทืฅ 

ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ื’ ื ืึธืจ, ืึท ื’ืจื™ื ืข 

ื’ื™ื˜ ืึท ืฉืคึผืจื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืึท ื–ืขืฅ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ, 
ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืคืจื•ืžืข ืึท ืžื™ื ืข.- 

ื–ื™ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื“ื™ ืžืฒึทื–ืขืœืขืš ื”ื™ื˜ืŸ! 

ื–ื™ ื˜ื•ื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš, 

ื–ื™ ืฉืคึผื™ืœื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืžืฒึทื–ืขืœืขืš, ืฉืคึผื™ืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš, 
ื‘ื™ื– ื–ื™ื™ ืฐืึทืงืกืŸ ืื•ื™ืก ื’ืจืขืกืขืจ, 

ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืคืขื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืกืขืจ-- 

ื–ื™ ื•ืฐื•ืขื˜ ื“ืึทืžืึธืœืกื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ืคืจืขืกืŸ, ื ืึธื›ืŸ ืคืจืขืกืŸ -- 
ืคืึทืจื’ืขืกืŸ -- 

ืื™ ื“ื™ ืฉืคึผื™ืœ ืื™ ื“ืขื ืคืจืขืก, 

ื•ื™ ื“ืขืจ ืžืœืืš-ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ื“ืขื ืžืช - 
ื‘ืึทืคืจืฒึท ืžื™ืš! 

ื“ื• ื‘ืจืขื ื’ ื ืึธืš ืขืžื™ืฆืŸ, ื“ื™ ื ืึทื›ื˜, ืึทืจืฑืฃ ืžื™ืจ! 
ื ืึธืš! 

ื“ื• ื‘ืจืขื ื’ ืžื™ืจ ื™ื•ืกืคืŸ ืึทืจืฑืฃ, ื“ืขื ื–ื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืชึผืชื™ื”ื•. 
(ืคึผืึทืจืฆื™ื˜ืขืจื˜) 

ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื ื™ื™ืŸ! 

(ืงืึธืจื˜ืฉืขื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืฒื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจ ืฉืจืขืง) 

(ื‘ืึทืคึผืขืœืขืจื™ืฉ) ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื‘ืŸ-ืžืชึผืชื™ื”ืŸ! 

(ืœื™ื ืงืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืขืœืช-ืื•ื‘) 

ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜! 

ืขืจ ื–ืึธืœ ื“ืขืจืฉืฒื™ื ืขืŸ, ื™ื•ืกืฃ! 

(ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืขืœืช-ืื•ื‘) 


214 


ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจืฉื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ืคืึทืจ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื“ืึธ ื™ื•ืกืฃ! 


ืืœื™ื”ื• ืขืจ ื–ืึธืœ ื‘ืึทืฐืฒึทื–ืŸ ื–ื™ืš, ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึทืŸ ืขื“ื•ืช! 
ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืึทืŸ ืขื“ื•ืช, ื™ืึธ, ืึท ืคืึทืœืฉืขืจ! 
ืืœื™ื”ื• ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ื– ืึท ืžืขืจ ื‘ืึทื’ืœืฒื‘ื˜ืขืจ 


ืื•ืŸ ืึธืคึผื ืขืœืฒืงื ื˜ ืื™ื! 
ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืงืขืจ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื. 
ืื™ืŸ ืคืœืึทืžืขืŸ ืจื•ื™ื˜. 


ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืฆื• ืฐืึธืก ื–ืึธืœ ืื™ื ืึท ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืคืฐืฒึทื–ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืœื™ื’ืŸืŸ,} 
| ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจ ืึทืœืฒืŸ ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจื‘ืจืขืš. 

ืืœื™ื”ื• ืขืจ? 

ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืึทืจืจืึทื˜ืŸ, ื“ืขืจ ืคืขืœื“ืžืึทืจืฉืึทืœ... 

ืืœื™ื”ื• ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจืจืึทื˜ืŸ, 


ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืื™ื– ื‘ืึทืคืขืกื˜ื™ืงื˜ืขืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื•ื“ืคืช-- 
ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืคืึทืœืŸ ืื•ื™ืš! 


ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื’ืขืคืึทืœืŸ, ื™ืึธ... ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ืžืก ื”ืขืœื“ืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืจ 
ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืคืขืœืฉื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื•ื™ ืขืจ!... 
ืืœื™ื”ื• ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืคืขืœืฉื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื™ื•ืกืฃ! 


ื‘ืŸ-ื’ื™ื•ืจื ืื•ืŸ ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืฉื˜ืึทืจืงืขืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื, 
ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืื•ื™ืš, ื–ื™ื™ ืื•ื™ืš -- ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ 
ืœืขื‘ืขื“ื™ืงืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืึทืจืฑืก ืฆื•ื ืจื•ื™ืžืขืจ... 
ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืึทืจืฑืก... ื™ืึธ, ื™ืึธ, ืึทืจืฑืก... | 
ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืคึผืึธืจืฑืกื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื–ื™ 
ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜-ื‘ืึทื“ืจื™ืงืขืจ ื’ื•ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ืŸื™ืกื–ืงื™ื™ื˜ 
ื•ื™ ืคืึธืจืฑืกื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืŸ, 
ื“ืขื ื˜ืึทื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื–ื•ืŸ... 
ืืœื™ื”ื• ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึธืจืฑืกื–ืึธื’ืŸ ื’ืขืงืขื ื˜! 
ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืขืก ื’ืขืงืขื ื˜!.... 
ื™ืขื˜ื•ื•ืขื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ ื‘ืขืช-ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ 
ืคืึทืจ ืึท ื‘ืึทืฐืึธืคึผื ื˜ืŸ ืึท ื’ื•ื™-- 
ืงืขืŸ ืคืึธืจืฑืกื–ืึธื’ืŸ! 
ืื™ืš ืื•ื™ืš, ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื ื‘ื™ื ื ื™ื˜ 
ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืขืจ ืคืึธื˜ืขืจ ืžืฒึทื ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื ื‘ื™ื ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ -- 
ื“ื• ืฉื˜ืขืœ ืึทืฐืขืง ืžื™ืš ืคืึทืจ ืึท ื’ืฑ- 
25 


ืืœื™ื”ื• 


ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” 


ืืœื™ื”ื• 


ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” 


ืืœื™ื”ื• 


ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” 
ืืœื™ื”ื• 


ืื•ืŸ ื›'ื•ื•ืขืœ ืคืึธืจืฑื™ืก ืื™ื ื–ืึธื’ืŸ: 

ื“ื• ืฉืฐื•ืขื ืงืกื˜ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜ ื“ื™ ืื•ืžืจื™ื™ื ืข ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื‘ืœื•ื˜, 

ื“ื• ืคึผืฒึทื ื™ืงืกื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–, 

ื•ื•ืขืกื˜ ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืฉืคึผื™ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืฉื‚ื•ื ื! 
ืื•ื™ืš ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฐื™ ืื•ื™ืš ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ-- 

ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึธื ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ื’ืขืงืขื ื˜ ืื™ื ื“ืขื ืคึฟืึทืจื“ืึธืจื‘ืขื ืขื 

ืึทืœ ื“ืึธืก ื’ื•ื˜ืก... ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ื 'ืก ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜! 

ื“ื• ืงืขื ืกื˜'ืก ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ -- 

ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืืคืฉืจ ืื•ื™ืš ื–ื™ื™ ืฐืึธืก ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜... 

ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื–ื™ื™, ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜! 

ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื™ืึธ... ืžืขืŸ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจื‘ืจืขื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืจื•ื™ื ื“ืึทืŸ, 
ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ ื™ืึธืจ, ื™ืึธ ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜, ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ ื™ืึธืจ 

ืฐืึธืœื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื’ืขืœืขื‘ื˜ ืฐื™ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืคืœืึทื•ื•ื™ื•ืก. 

ื™ืึธ ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ ื™ืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื•ืžื“ืขืจืžื™ื“ืœืขื›ืข 

ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืขืก ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื–ืŸ, ื™ื•ืกืคืก! 

ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืขืจ-- 

ืžื™ืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ืŸ ืœืึทื ื’ ืคืึทืจื’ืขืกืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ 

ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืฐื•ึผ ื“ืขืจ ืงื‘ึฟืจ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืขืจ ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ื™ืขืฆื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกืŸ ืžื™ืจ! ืื™ื ืึท ื“ืึทื ืง ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก ื™ืขื“ืขืจืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–: 
ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืฉื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึธืจื‘ืŸ! 

ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืก ื’ื•ื˜ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ, ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทื ืขืŸ 

ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื”ืจ-ื”ืฆื•ืคื™ื | 

ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืจื•ื™ืžืขืจ ืฆื•ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš 

ืื•ื™ืฃ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืคื˜-ื˜ืึธืœ ืื•ืŸ ืงื“ืจื•ืŸ: 

ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืฉื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึธืจื‘ืŸ! 

ื ืึธืจ ืขืจ-- 

ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืขื ื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืืฑื™ืกืงืœืฒื™ื‘ืŸ ืคืึทืจ ื–ื™ืš 

ืึท ืฉื™ื™ื ืขื ื˜ื•ื™ื˜. | 
ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึท ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืงืœื™ื‘ืŸ, ืึท ืฉืจืขืงืœืขื›ืขืจืŸ ืคืึทืจืŸ ื˜ืฑื™ื˜, 
ืึท ื˜ื™ืคืขืจ ื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึทืœืข ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื•ื•ืขืจืง-- 

ืื•ืŸ ื—ื ื™ืคื”. | 

ื ื•-- ื™ืึธ... ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืฉืœืึทื ื’ืขืŸ 

ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขืœืขื‘ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืจื•ื™ื... ืื•ืŸ... ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ - 


216 


ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” 


ื“ื™ ืงืึทืฅ 
ืืœื™ื”ื• 
ื‘ืขืœืช-ืื•ื‘ 


ืจ'ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื–ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืฆื•ื ืฉืึทืจืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจื“-- 

ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืขืจ! ื™ืขืฆื˜, ื™ืขืฆื˜, 

ืฐืึธืก ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ืขืจ ื”ืขืจืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื“ืึธ ื™ืขืฆื˜? (ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื ื“ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืขืœืช-ืื•ื‘) 
ื‘ืจืขื ื’ ื™ื•ืกืคืŸ ืึทืจืฑืฃ ืื•ื ื“ื–! (ื“ืขืจืฉืจืึธืงืŸ) 

ื ื™ืฉื˜ืึธ ืื™ืจ ื“ืึธ! ื ื™ืฉื˜ืึธ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืขืœืช-ืื•ื‘! 

ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ืึทืฐืขืง... ืคืึทืจืฉืฐื•ึผื ื“ืŸ... ืœื™ื›ื˜! 


ืคืึธืจื”ืึทื ื’ 


ื“ืจื™ื˜ืขืจ ืึทืงื˜ 


(ืœืฒึทื›ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจื™ืฉืŸ ืœืขืžืคึผืœ) 
ืึท ืงืึทืฅ! (ืขืจ ืงืึธืคึผืขื˜ ื–ื™) 

ืžื™ืึทื•! 

ื“ื™ ื‘ืขืœืช-ืื•ื‘! 


(ืฉืคึผืจื™ื ื’ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ) 


ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ 
ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฉื•ื•ื™ื’ืŸ -- 
ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืœื™ื‘ ื–ื™ืš 
ืงืจื™ื’ืŸ, ืงืจื™ื’ืŸ! 


ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ - 
ืงืขื ื˜ื™ืง! ืงืขื ื˜ื™ืง! 

ืื™ืจ! ืื™ืจ ืึทืžืคึผืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง! 


ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืœื™ื‘ ืฆื• 
ืฆืึทื ืงืขืŸ, ืฆืึทื ืงืขืŸ! 
ื˜ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ, 
ื“ื™ ื’ืขื“ืึทื ืงืขืŸ! 


217 


ืืœื™ื”ื• 
ื‘ืขืœืช-ืื•ื‘ 
ืืœื™ื”ื• 


ื‘ืขืœืช-ืื•ื‘ 


ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืœื™ื‘ ืฆื• 
ื“ื™ืกืคึผื•ื˜ื™ืจืŸ, 
ื“ื™ืกืงื•ืกื™ืจืŸ, 
ื“ืขื‘ืึทื˜ื™ืจืŸ... 


ืจ'ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื’ืŸ 
ื‘ื™ื– ืฆื•ื ื”ื™ืžืœ -- 
ืื™ืš, ื“ืขืจืฐืฒึทืœ 


ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจื’ืขื ื™ื’ืŸ -- 


ื”ืึธื‘ ืึท ืฐืฒึทืœ 
ื’ืขื›ืึทืคึผื˜ ืึท ื“ืจื™ืžืœ... 


ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขื›ืึทืคึผื˜ 

ื–ื™ืš ื ืึธืจ - 

ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื”ืึทืœื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืก - 

ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ! 

ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื•ื™ ืœืึทื ื’ 

ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืจ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืจื™ื˜ืŸ, 

ืฆึดื™ ืึท ื˜ืึธื’ 

ืฆื™ ื’ืึธืจ ืึท ื™ืึธืจ? 

ื“ื™ ื‘ืขืœืช-ืื•ื‘! 

ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืจ ืœื™ื›ื˜ืขืจ ืึธื ื’ืขืฆื•ื ื“ืŸ? 

ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืคึผืœื•ืฆืœื™ื ื’ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืคืึทืจืฉืฐื•ึผื ื“ืŸ 

ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ืš ื’ืขื–ื•ื›ื˜! | 

ื’ืขื–ื•ื›ื˜! 

ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืœืขื’ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื, 

ื’ืขืงืจืขื ืงื˜ 

ื‘ืฒึท ื“ืฒึทื ืข ืคื™ืก - 

ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื ื’ืขืคืœื•ื›ื˜... 

ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื–? ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื–? 

ืฐืึธืก ื–ื•ื›ื˜ ืื™ืจ ืขืคึผืขืก ืคึผืœื•ืฆืœื™ื ื’ ืžื™ืš ืึทืจื•ื, 

ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืจ ืคึผืœื•ืฆืœื™ื ื’ ื–ื™ืš ื ืึธืš ืžื™ืจ ืคืึทืจื‘ืขื ืงื˜? 
218 


ืืœื™ื”ื• 


ื‘ืขืœืช-ืื•ื‘ 


ื›'ืœื™ื’ ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื’ืึทื ืฆืข ืึธืคึผ 

ืคืึทืจืฉืคึผืึทืจื˜ 

ืื™ืŸ ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจืข ืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืœืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืขื™ืŸ-ื“ื•ืจ, 

ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึทืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึทืจื˜ - 

ืก'ืงื•ืžื˜ ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืึทืจืึธืคึผ... 

ืฆื• ืึทืœ ื“ื™ ืฉืฐืึทืจืฆืข ื™ืึธืจ - 

ืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืœ ืฆื• ืžื™ืจ! 

ืื™ืŸ ื—ื•ืฉื›ื“ื™ืงืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืขื™ืŸ-ื“ื•ืจ 

ืคืึทืจืงื•ื™ืคื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืืฒึทืขืจืข 

ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ืขืจืข ื“ื™ ืฐืึธืจ, 

ืืฒึทืขืจ ืฐืฒื™ื˜ืึธื’ื“ื™ืงืŸ ืืžืช ืงืœืึธืจ - 

ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ ืขืก ืึทืœืฅ ืคืึทืจื–ืฒึทืขืจืŸ 

ืคืึทืจืึทืฐื™ืจืŸ 

ืคืึทืจื’ืึทืฐืขืจืŸ 

ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืžื™ืื•ืกืŸ ืึท ืฉืคึผืจื•ืš 

ืคืึทืจืฆื™ึดืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืฉื™ืžืœ 

ืžื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจื˜ืจื™ืงื ื˜ืข ืžื™ื˜ ืคืœื™ื’ืŸ 

ืื™ืš ืžืึทืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืึท ืฉืคึผืฒึทื– 

ืคืึทืจ ืžืฒึทื ืข ืžืฒึทื–ืŸ.ืŸ. 

ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ื’ืึธืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืึทื–ืฑ ืžื™ืื•ืก ื•ื• ื“ื• ื–ืึธื’ืกื˜, 

ื ื™ื˜ ื“ื•, ื ื™ื˜ ื“ื• ื“ืขืจืฉืœืึธื’ืกื˜ 

ืžืขืŸ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื™ืจ ื“ืขืจืฉืœืึธื’ืขื ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืคืจื™ึดืขืจ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ, 

ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ื ืขืœื ืื•ื ื“ื– ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืขืจื™ื›ื˜ -- 

ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ืš ื’ืขื–ื•ื›ื˜. 

ื’ืขื–ื•ื›ื˜! 

ืžื™ื˜ ืœื™ื›ื˜! 

ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ืŸ 

ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืจ'ืขืจื“ 

ืžื™ื˜ ืžืฒึทื ืข ืžืฒึทื– 

ืžื™ื˜ ืžืฒึทื ืข ืคืœื™ื’ืŸ 

ืื•ืŸ ืึท ื’ืขื“ื™ื›ื˜ืŸ ืฉื™ืžืœ. 

ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ -- 

ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ, ืื™ืจ ื–ื•ื›ื˜ ืžื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื”ื™ืžืœ! 
219 


ืืœื™ื”ื• 


ื‘ืขืœืช-ืื•ื‘ 


ืึทื”ืขืจ ื“ืขื ื•ึทืžื–ืช ืืฒึทืขืจืŸ. ืื™ืš ืฆืึธืœ ื“ืขื ื‘ืขืกื˜ืŸ ืคึผืจืฒึทื–; 
ืื™ืš ืฆืึธืœ ืืฒึทืš ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืœื•ืกื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืึท ืœื™ื’ืŸ, 

ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื–ื™ื ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืึท ืคืจื™ื™ื“, 

ืคืึทืจ ืึท ื—ืœื•ื ืคืึทืจ ืึท ื”ืึทืจื‘ืŸ 

ืฆืึธืœ ืื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืคืจื™ื™ืœืขื›ืŸ ื‘ืึทืฉืฒื“ 

ืคืึทืจ ืึท ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืœืฒึทื›ื˜ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึทืจื‘ืŸ 
ืคืึทืจ ืฉืžืึทืจืฆืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืก 

ื‘ืึทืฉืขื ืง ืื™ืš ืงื™ืœ 

ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืงืึทืœื˜ืŸ ืืฒึทืš ืึท ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ... 

ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก, ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก - 

ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืฒึท ืื•ื ื“ื– ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื™ืœ 

ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ื ืึธืจ ืึท ืžื™ื˜ืœ... (ื‘ืึทืคึผืขืœื˜) 

ื™ื•ืกืคืŸ! 

ื™ื•ืกืคืŸ - ืืึธ, ื™ืึธ, ืคืึทืจืึทืŸื™ 

ืคืึทืจืึทืŸ, ืคืึทืจืึทืŸ ืึทื–ืขืœื›ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื•ื•ืขืœื˜. 
ืึท ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืฐืึธืก ืึธืคืŸ ืื™ื– ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ 
ืึทืŸ ืึธืคึผืขื ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืึท ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ืขืจ - 

ืึธ, ืขืจ ื’ืขืคืขืœื˜ ืžื™ืจ! 

ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืจื•ื™ืžืขืจ 

ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื ื™ื›ื˜ืขืจืŸ ื“ืขื ื•ื•ื™ืฆืœืขืจ 

ื“ื• ืงืขื ืกื˜ ื“ืขื ื•ื•ื™ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื•ื“ืคืช-ื’ืจื•ื‘ 
ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื’ืขืคืœืึธื›ื˜ืŸ? 

ื•ื• ืก'ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืงื ืึทืคึผืข ืคืขืจืฆื™ืง ื”ืขืœื“ืŸ ื˜ืจืฒื™ 
ื•ื™ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ 

ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฉืึธื›ื˜ืŸ 

ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ, ื“ืขืจ ืคืขืจืฆื™ืงืกื˜ืขืจ ืึทืจืฑืฃ ืื™ื– ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืจื•ื™ืžืขืจ... 
ื™ืึธ, ื™ืึธ, ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ืฆืœืขืจ, 

ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื ืกื˜ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ืžืึทืŸ! 

ืคืึทืจืึทืŸ! ืคืึทืจืึทืŸ! 

ืึทื–ืึท ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื‘ืฒึท ืžื™ืจ ืคืึทืจืึทืŸ! 

ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ืžืœ-ื–ื™ืฆืขืจ 

ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“-ื‘ืึทืฐื•ื•ื™ื ืขืจ, 

ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ื’ืฑื™ื ืขืจ, 


220 


ืืœื™ื”ื• 
ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” 


ื‘ืขืœืช-ืื•ื‘ 


ืื•ึนืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ืฐืึธืจ, 

ืื™ ืงืึธืคึผ ืื™ ื”ืึทืจืฅ - 

ืฉืฐืึทืจืฅ 

ืฐื™ ื“ื™ ืขืจื“ ืื•ืŸ ืฐื™ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ืžืœ ืงืœืึธืจ. 
ืึทื–ืขืœื›ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ 

ืขืคึผืขืก ืฐืึธืก ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืึธื˜ 

ืื•ืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก ืฐืึธืก ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–, 

ืขืจ ืงืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื•ื ืฅ, 

ืขืจ ืงืขืŸ! 

ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ื ื‘ื™ืืก ื‘ืจืขืŸ 

ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืงืขืœื˜, 

ืขืจ ื˜ืจืึธื’ื˜ ื’ืึธื˜ืก ืคืฒื™ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“ 
ืื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื’ื˜ ื“ื™ ืฉืฐื•ืขืจื“, 

ืขืจ ืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื’ื˜ ื–ื™ ืฐื™ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ, 

ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืึท ื›ึผื”ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืึท ื”ืขืฆืœื“ = . -. 
ืก'ืื™ื– ื“ืึธ, ืก'ืื™ื– ื“ืึธ ืึทื–ืขืœื›ืขืจ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ 
ืึดื™ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื•ื•ืขืœื˜ -- 

ื•ื•ื™ืœืกื˜ ื™ื•ืกืคืŸ? 

ื™ืึธ, ืื™ื! 


(ื˜ืจืขื˜ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง) 


ื ืึทื›ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื ืึทื›ื˜ - 
ืื•ืŸ ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜ ืžืขืจ - 
ืก'ืงื•ืžื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ึผ 

ืึท ืงื•ืœ ืึทื”ืขืจ - 

ืงื•ื! 


ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ 

ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ื ืึธืš ื“ืึธ - 
ื‘ืœื™ืฅ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ืคื•ื ืง - 
ืื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ืึธ! 
ืงื•ื! | 


221 


ื™ื•ืกืคื•ืก ืคืœืึทื•ื•ื™ื•ืก 


ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” 
ื™ื•ืกืคื•ืก 
ื‘ืขืœืช-ืื•ื‘ 


ืืœื™ื”ื• 
ื™ื•ืกืคื•ืก 


ืืœื™ื”ื• 


*ืœึดื• 


ืงืจื™ืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืจ'ืขืจื“, 
ื˜ืจืึธืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื; 
ืฉืคึผืึทืจ ืึทืจืฑืก 

ืึท ื‘ืœื™ืฅ, ืึท ืคึผืœืึทื! 
ืงื•ื! 


4 


ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืฆื• 

ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ื™ืคืŸ ืฉื˜ืจืึธื, 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ื™ืžืœืขืŸ - 
ืฆื™ ืคื•ืŸ ืชึผื”ื•ื -- 
ืงื•ื! 


ื‘ื™ืกื˜ื• ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ - 
ืคืึทืœ ื•ื™ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘; 
ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื•ื ื˜ืŸ 
ื”ื•ื™ื‘ ื–ื™ืš, ื”ื•ื™ื‘! 


ืฐืฒึทื– ืึท ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ืึธ! 
ืื•ื‘ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื–ืŸ - 
ื‘ื™ืกื˜ื• ื“ืึธ! 


ืงื•ื! (ืฉืคึผืจื™ื ื’ื˜ ืึธืคึผ) 


(ื“ืขืจืฉืฒื™ื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืจ'ืขืจื“ ืžื™ื˜ ืคืœืึทืžืขืŸ, ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืึธื ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืึท ื˜ืึธื’ืข ื•ื™ ืึท ืจื•ื™ืžื™ืฉืขืจ ืคึผืึทื˜ืจื™ืฆื™ืขืจ. ืขืจ ืงื•ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึท 
ืœืขื ื’ืขืจืข ืฐืฒึทืœืข ืึทืจื•ื) 
1 ืžืชื˜ืก12 46 141ืก1/1 
ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ! ืจื™ื™ื“ ืฆื• ืื•ื ื“ื– ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ! 
(ื”ืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคืึทืจืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืกื™ืจื˜ ืฆื•) 
(ืฆื• ืคืœืึทืฐื•ื™ื•ืกืŸ) 
226 ืข; 1102342 16 10651001204 
ืึท, ื™ื•ืกืฃ, ื™ื•ืกืฃ! 
ื™ื•ืกืฃ... ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื“ื™ ืฉืคึผืจืึทืš ืคืึทืจื’ืขืกืŸ... 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืขื, ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืจื•ื™ื. 
ื™ื•ืกืฃ, ื‘ืŸ-ืžืชึผืชื™ื”ื•, ืึท ื›ึผื”ืŸ ื’ืึธื˜ืก, 
222 


ื™ื•ืกืคื•ืก 


ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” 
ื™ื•ืกืคื•ืก 


ืืœื™ื”ื• 
ื™ื•ืกืคื•ืก 


ืืœื™ื”ื• 


ื™ื•ืกืคื•ืก 


ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” 


ืืœื™ื”ื• 


ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” 


ื™ื•ืกืคื•ืก 
ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” 


ื“ื• ื’ืขืคื™ื ืกื˜ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ืฒึทื ืข ื‘ืจื™ื“ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš 

ืึทืจื•ื ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื. 

ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื.., (ืขืจ ืงื•ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึทืจื•ื) 

ืื™ืš ื’ืขืคื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืึธ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ืฒึทื ืข ื‘ืขืจื’ -- 

ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืึทื–ืฑ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ืจ ื“ืขืจืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจื˜... 

ื•ื•ื™ื™ ืžื™ืจ - 

ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืš ืงืขืŸ ืึทืจืึธืคึผืฐืึทืจืคืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ื™ ื˜ืึธื’ืข 
ืื•ืŸ ืืฑืกื˜ืึธืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืข ืฉื™ืš ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืฒื™ืœื™ืงืขืจ ื“ืึธ ืขืจื“... 
ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ื’ืขืงืœืขืคึผื˜ ืฆื• ืžื™ืจ ื“ืขื ืงื™ื™ื–ืขืจืก ืงืœื™ื™ื“. 
ืื™ืจ ืึทืœืข ื“ืึธ - ืขืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ ืื™ืจ? 

ื“ื™ ื–ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื ืื™ื ืฐืึธืก ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื’ืขืฉืขื ื“ื˜. 
(ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคืึทืจื’ืขืกืขื ืขืก) 

ืงื ืื™ื... ืงื ืื™ื... 

ืžื™ืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ืฒึทื ืข ืื•ื™ืš... ื“ื™ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ื“ืฒึทื ืข. 

(ื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืจื™ืง) 

ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื”ืึทื˜... 

ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจืœืึธื–... 

ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืึทืฐืขืง ืึท ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจืœืึธื–ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜... 
ื”ืึธืกื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื’ืขืœืึธื–ืŸ ืกืคืจื™ื. 

ืคืึทืจื‘ืจืขืŸ! ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืฒึทืขืจ ื–ื™ื™, ื“ื™ ืกืคืจื™ื ืžืฒึทื ืข, 

ืฐืึทืจืฃ ืื™ืŸ ืคืฒึทืขืจ ื–ื™ื™! 

ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืคืึทืจ ื–ื™ื™ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ! 

ื™ืึธ, ืืžืช... 


ืคืึทืจ ื–ื™ื™, ืคืึทืจ ื–ื™ ื”ืึธืกื˜ื• ื’ืขืคืขืœืฉื˜ ื–ื™, ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข, ืคืœืึทืฐื™ื•ืก! 


ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”! (ืขืจ ื‘ื•ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ื™ื•ืกืคื•ืกืŸ, ื‘ืึทืคึผืขืœืขืจื™ืฉ ืฆื• ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”ืŸ) 
ื“ื• ื‘ื•ืง ืฆื• ืื™ื ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืš, ื•ื™ ืื™ืš, ื•ื™ ืื™ืš ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื™ื’ ื–ื™ืš! 


ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื• ืฆื• ืื™ื ืื•ืŸ ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ืึทื–ืฑ ื•ื™ ืขืจ 


ืคืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืฆืขื–ืึทืจืŸ ืจื•ื™ืžืก! 

ืึธ ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ื™ื’ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจ ืื™ื! 

ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ื•ืฉื™ื—ืœื‘ึฟ -- ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืฐืฒึทื–ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, 
ื‘ืŸ-ื’ื™ื•ืจื -- ืขืจ! ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืื™ืš ื’ืขื‘ื•ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš! 

ืื™ืš ืื•ื™ืš... ืื™ืš ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ ื’ืขื‘ื•ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืš. 
ื“ื•?! 


ื™ื™ 


423 


ื™ื•ืกืคื•ืก 


ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” 


ื™ื•ืกืคื•ืก 


ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” 
ื™ื•ืกืคื•ืก 


ืืœื™ื”ื• 
ื™ื•ืกืคื•ืก 


ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ ื’ืขื‘ื•ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื™ื ืžืึธืœ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ, 

ืื™ืŸ ืจื•ื™ื... ื‘ืขืช ืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฉืœืขืคึผื˜ ืฆื•ื ืขืฉืึทืคึผืึธื˜ ื–ื™ื™, 

ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทื ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืจื•ื™ืžืขืจ 

ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ืžืขืŸ ืฉืžืึทืจืฅ ืื™ืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืขื, ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืคืœื™ืกื˜ืขืจ 

ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืขื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืžืฒึทื ืข ืœื™ืคึผืŸ - 

ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ ื’ืขื‘ื•ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš... 

ื“ื•?... ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ื•ืš - 

ืคืึทืจ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธืกื˜ื• ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ? 

ืคืึทืจื‘ืจืขืŸ! ืžืฒึทื™ืŸ ื‘ื•ืš ืคืึทืจื‘ืจืขืŸ! 

ื‘ืขืชืŸ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ ืื™ื -- ื ื™ื˜ ืึธืคึผื’ืขื˜ืจืึธื˜ืŸ ืื™ื– 

ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืข ืžื™ืจ ื“ืขืจ ืงื™ื™ื–ืขืจ - 

ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขื”ื™ื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืขืชืŸ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ. 

ื”ืึธืกื˜ ืžื•ืจื ืฉื˜ืึทืจืง ื’ืขื”ืึทื˜ ื“ืึทืŸ ืคืึทืจ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ? 

ืคืึทืจ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ? ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืขื, 

ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื™ืกื™ื™ึดื ืื•ืŸ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจื•ืฉื™ื 

ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ืึทืฐืขืง ืฆื• ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขืฐื•ืขืจ... 

ื ืึธืš ืคืึทืœืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื•ื“ืคืช -- 

ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื’ืขืœืึธื–ืŸ ืคืึทืœืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืึทื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืขืจ 

ืื•ื™ืš ื“ื™ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจื“... 

ืึทืกืคึผืึทืกื™ืึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ื™ื˜ื•ืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื“ื™ ืฉืฐื•ืขืจื“ 

ืฆื•ืจื™ืงื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืจื•ื™ื 

ื“ื™ ืฉืฐื•ืขืจื“ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืœืขื’ื™ืึธืŸ ื’ืขืจืžืึทื ืขืŸ - 

ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื ื™ื˜ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืขืก ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™... 

ื‘ืฒึท ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื™ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืึทื–ืฑ ืžื™ืจ ืืฑื™ืฃ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, 

ืฐืึธืก ื•ืฐืขืจื˜ ืฆืขืฉื˜ืขืจื˜... 

ืื™ืŸ ืจื•ื™ื ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ ื˜ืึธืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ื™ื™... 

ืื™ืŸ ืจื•ื™ื ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ืš ืึทืจื•ืžื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืึท ืฐืฒื™ื˜ืึธื’ ืฉื˜ืึทืจืง, 

ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ืึทืœื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜, ืื™ืŸ ืจื•ื™ื, 

ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื™ื ื–ืึทืžืงืฒื˜ ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืืฑืคื’ืขื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ ืึท ืคืึทืจืœืึทื ื’, 

ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืึทืงืกืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืึท ื’ืœื•ืกื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืึท ื ืฒึทืข, 

ืฉื˜ืึทืจืง ืฐื™ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืฑื˜ - 

ืฐืึธืก? 

ื“ื™ ืคืขื“ืขืจ! ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื”ืึทื ื˜ ืึท ืคืขื“ืขืจ, ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ! 
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ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” 
ื™ื•ืกืคื•ืก 


ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” 


ื™ื•ืกืคื•ืก 


ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” 
ื™ื•ืกืคื•ืก 


ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” 
ื™ื•ืกืคื•ืก 


ื“ืขืจ ืคืึทืจืœืึทื ื’ ืฆื• ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ - 


ืขืจ ื”ืึทื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืจืขื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ืจ - ืึท ืคืฒึทืขืจ! 

ื•ื™ ืขืก ื‘ืจืขื ื˜ ื’ืึธื˜ืก ืฐืึธืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื ื‘ื™ื. 
ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึท ื ื‘ื™ื, ืึธ, ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืึธ ืคืึทืจ ืฉืงืจ. 

ื–ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืคืŸ: 

ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™: ื“ืขืจ ืืžืช ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉืงืจ! 

ื•ื™ ืึท ืฆื•ื•ื™ืœื™ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื™ื ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึทืžืขืŸ... 
ืคืึทืจื”ืึทืœื˜ืกื˜ื• ืื™ื, ื“ืขื ืฉืงืจ - 

ืฐืขื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืขืจ ืืžืช ื ื™ื˜ ืึทืจืฑืกื’ืฒืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜. 
ืึทื–ืฑ ื’ืขื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืึทื–ืฑ ื’ืขืงื ื™ืคึผื˜, 

ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™, ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืึธ, ืื™ืŸ ืจื•ื™ื? 

ืขืก ืงืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืืžืช ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื 

ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืจื•ื™ื 

ืงื•ื™ื ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืจืฆื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืฉืงืจ-ืžืึทื ื“ืœืขืŸ... 
ื“ืขืจ ื’ื•ืจืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืืžืช ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ืš ื’ืขืฉืจืึธืงืŸ - 

ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืืžืช? 

ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ื‘ืึทืœืฒึทื›ื˜ืŸ, ืฐืึทืจืคืŸ ืœื™ื›ื˜ 

ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ืงืœื™ื™ื ืขื ืืžืช 

ืื™ืš ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืขืก ื‘ืฉื•ื ืื•ืคืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืึทืฐื™ื–ืŸ 

ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืš ืคืึทืก ื ื™ื˜ ืืฒึทืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื•ื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืžืขืจื“ืขืจืก ืงืจื•ื™ืŸ... 
ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ... ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืขืก ื’ื•ื˜: 

ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืš ืคืึทืจืฉืฐืฒึทื’ ื“ื™ ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจื•ื™ืžืขืจ 

ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืขืจ ื’ืขืžื™ื ืขืจื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ 
ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืึธืจ! 

ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืš ื‘ืึทืฉืจืฒึทื‘ ื“ืขื ื›ึผื•ื— ื ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืŸ ืคืึทืจื”ืึทืกื˜ืŸ ืคืึธืœืง 
ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื›ึผื‘ื•ื“ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืœื™ื˜ืŸ... 

ืึท ืงืœื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืืžืช ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก ืงื•ืงื˜ ืึทืจืฑืก 

ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืฉื•ืจื” ืื™ืŸ ืžืฒึทื™ืŸ ืฉืจืฒื™ื‘ืŸ 

ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื›ื˜! 

ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืขืก ืคืึทืจ ืึทืŸ ืืžืช? 

ื“ืขืจ ืืžืช ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืืฑืคึผืฉื˜ืึทื ื“, 

ื“ืึธืก ืึทื ื˜ืงืขื’ื ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืก ื–ื™ืš, 

ื“ืึธืก ื”ืขืœื“ื™ืฉืข ืžืœื—ืžื”-ื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืก ืงืขื’ืŸ ื–ื™ื™, 


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ืืœื™ื”ื• 
ื™ื•ืกืคื•ืก 


ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” 
ื™ื•ืกืคื•ืก 


ืืœื™ื”ื• 


ื™ื•ืกืคื•ืก 


ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืœืขืคึผ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืึทืจืงืข 


ืฐืึธืก ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืึทืจืงืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ 


ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ื“ืึทืŸ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ - 


| ื“ืขืจ ืงืœื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืืžืช! 


ืฆื™ ืึทื–ืฑ ื“ืขืŸ ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื“ื™ืจ ื“ืขืจ ืืžืช, 
ื“ืึธืก ืึทืจืฑืกื’ืฒืŸ ื“ืจืฒึทืกื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืจ ืึทื ื˜ืงืขื’ืŸ ืคื™ื™ื ื“? 
ื™ื‘ื ื” ื”ืึธื˜ ื•ื™ ืื™ืš... ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ืฐื™ ืื™ืš - 

ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ืฐื•ื™ ืื™ืš ืึทืŸ ืขื“ื•ืช, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจืข ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ 

ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืืžืช ืงืœืขื ืขืจ ื ืึธืš ืึท ืกืš - 

ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜! 

ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจื•ื™ืžืขืจ 

ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืกืขืจ ืžื™ืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืžืขืจ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ! 

ื•ื•ื•ื™ืœ ื“ื™ืจ, ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืฃืŸ. 

ื ื™ื˜ ืฐืฑืœ, ื ืึธืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ ืžื™ืจ, ื•ื•ื™ื™! 

ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื› ื’ืขืจืึทื˜ืขืฐืขื˜ ืึท ืงืœื™ื™ื ืขื ืืžืช 

ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึทืœื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืจืึทื˜ืขืฐืขื˜ - ืึธ ื ื™ื™ืŸ! 

ืคืึทืจื‘ืจืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื›ืขืจ ืžืฒึทื ืข, 

ื–ื™ื™ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ืขืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืข ืžื™ืจ ื“ื™ ื–ื™ื ื“... 

ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขื ืคื™ื™ื ื“? 

ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืึธืก! 

ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ืื™ื - 

ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื›'ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฆื• ืื™ื ืึทืจืฑืก ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ืึธืš ืึทืœืขื... 
ืก'ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื™ื•ื“ืคืช ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืกืขืจ ืžื™ืจ, 
ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื–ืŸ ื™ื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขื’ืœื•ื™ื‘ื˜: 

ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ ื ืึธืš ืคืึทืจ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืคืึธืœืง ืฐืึธืก ื˜ืึธืŸ, 

ืื™ืš ื•ื•ืขืœ'ืก ื‘ืึทืฐืฒึทื–ืŸ... 

ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขื ืคืฒึทื ื“ ื˜ื•ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื™ ืžื™ืจ, 
ืขืก ื˜ื•ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ ื ืึธืจ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึทืจืขื ื˜ืคืขืจืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืžืฒึทื ืขืจ 
ืื™ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื‘ื•ืš... ื“ืึธืก ื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜-ืžืึทื›ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืžืฒึทื ืขืจ ื“ืึธืจื˜ 
ืœืึธื–ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืจื•ืขืŸ ืžื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืงื‘ืจ...ื›'ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜! 

ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜! 

ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืขื ื˜ ื”ืึธืกื˜ื• ื“ืึธืš ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืงื ืื™ื 1! 

ืžื™ื˜ ื™ื‘ื ื”... ื™ืึธ, ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ, ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ืจืข ืœืฒึทื˜ 


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ืืœื™ื”ื• 


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ืืœื™ื”ื• 
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ืืœื™ื”ื• 
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ืืœื™ื”ื• 
ื™ื•ืกืคื•ืก 


ื‘ืขืœืช-ืื•ื‘ 


ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื’ืขืงืขื ื˜ ื“ืึธืš ื’ื™ื™ืŸ! 
ืื•ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒื™... ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืึธืจื˜ืึธื“ืึธืงืกืŸ... 
ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื’ืขื”ืึธืœืคืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืคื•ืŸ ืจื•ื™ื! 

ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ... ื™ืึธ! ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜! 


ื“ื• ื˜ืจื™ื™ืกื˜ ืžื™ืš ืคืจืฒื™ื ื“, ืึท ืงื ืึทืคึผืข ื˜ืจื™ื™ืกื˜ - 


ื“ื• ื’ื™ ื ื™ื˜, ืึธ, ื“ื• ื’ื™ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืข ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื ื™ื˜... 

ืื•ืŸ ื™ืขืฆื˜... ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืื™ืš ืคืึทืจืœืึธื– ืืฒึทืš - 

ื–ืึธื’, ื–ืึธื’ ืฐื™ ืจื•ืคื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืžื™ืš? 

ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืคืึทืจื’ืขืกืŸ ืื™ื, ื“ืขื ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืขื, 
ืคืึทืจื’ืขืกืŸ ืื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืจื•ื™ื - 

ื™ื•ืกืฃ -- 

(ื“ืขืจืฐื•ืึทืจืขืžื˜) 

ื™ื•ืกืฃ! 

ื‘ืŸ-ืžืชึผืชื™ื”ื•... 

ื‘ืŸ-ืžืชึผืชื™ื”ื•... ื™ืึธ! ื‘ืŸ-ืžืชึผืชื™ื”ื• -- 

ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืึท ื›ึนึผื”ืŸ... ืึธ, ืื™ืš ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ืš: 

ื“ื• ื˜ื• ื“ืขื ืื™ื™ื ืขื ื—ืกื“ ื ืึธืš ืžื™ื˜ ืžื™ืจ: 

ืึธ ื ืขื ืึทืจืึธืคึผ ื“ื™ ื˜ืึธื’ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืงืกืœืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ, 

ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฃ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืžื™ืจ ืึทืจืฑืฃ ืึท ืงืœื™ื™ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืœืฒึทืฐื ื˜ 
ื•ื™ ืก'ื˜ืจืึธื’ื˜ ืึท ื›ึนึผื”ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” 

(ื˜ื•ื˜ ืื™ื ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ืึธืก ื’ืขื‘ืจืขื ื’ื˜ืข ื›ึผื”ื ื™ื-ืงืœื™ื™ื“) 

ื™ืขืฆื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ ื‘ืึทืคึผืจืฒึท ืžื™ืš, 

ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืฐื™ ื›'ื‘ื™ืŸ ืึทืฐืขืง, 

ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื•ื ืคืึธืœืง ืฆื• ืžืฒึทื ืขื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ืึทืฐืขืง, 
ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขื•ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืจื•ื™ืžืขืจ, 

ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ื’ืขืœืขื‘ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึธืจื‘ืŸ - 

ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ืœ ื‘ืึทื”ืขืคื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึทืฆื•ื ื“ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืึทืฐื ืขืงื’ืขื’ืึทื ื’ืขื ืขืŸ 
ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึธืœืง ืคื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืขื - (ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš {ืื™ึทื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื›ึผื”ื ื™ื-ืงืœื™ื™ื“} ืื•ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจืฉืฐื™ื ื“ื˜) 


(ืฉืคึผืจื™ื ื’ื˜ ืฆื• ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืึธืจื˜ ืฆื•) 


ืก'ื‘ืจืขื ื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืึธืจื˜ ืฐื•ึผ ืจ'ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทื ืขืŸ, 
ืก'ืคืœืึทืงืขืจื˜ ื ืึธืš ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืก'ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืงืขื ื˜ื™ืง, 
ืก'ืื™ื– ืึท ืคืœืึทื ืฐืึธืก ื‘ืจืขื ื’ื˜ ืคืึทืจืœืขื ื“ื•ื ื’, 


227 


ืื™ืš, ืึทื– ื›'ืฐื•ืขืœ ืึทืฐืขืง ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึทื ืขืŸ - 


ืงื•ื ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืžืฒึทื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื™ื‘ืขืจ 
ืจ'ืงืขืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืงืขืŸ ืขืจ - 
ืื™ืš ื–ื™ืฅ ืื•ืŸ ืœื•ื™'ืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื’ืจืขื ืขืฅ 
ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึทืก ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืœื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืœื•ื™ื‘ืŸ. 


ืืœื™ื”ื• ื ืึธืš ืื™ื™ื ืขื ื ืึธืš, ื“ืขื ืœืขืฆื˜ืŸ 
ื‘ืจืขื ื’ืกื˜ื• ืื•ื ื“ื– ืึทืจืฑืฃ ืื•ืŸ ื’ื™ื™ืกื˜! 
ืฉืœืžื” ืžื•ืœื›ื•ืŸ 

ื‘ืขืœืช-ืื•ื‘ ืžื•ืœื›ื•ืŸ?! ืฐืึธืก ื˜ื•ื’ ื“ื™ืจ ืžื•ืœื›ื•? 

ืืœื™ื”ื• ืฉืœืžื” ืžื•ืœื›ื•ืŸ! 

ื‘ืขืœืช-ืื•ื‘ ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื“ื™ืจ ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืžื•ืœื›ื•, 


ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ืžื•ื™ืœ ื ื™ื˜... 
ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื‘ืฒึท ืžื™ืจ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืึทืง! 
ืืœื™ื”ื• ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฆื•ื ื’? 
ื‘ืขืœืช-ืื•ื‘ ืž'ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฉื ื™ื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื•ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขื, 
ืงืึทืจืœ ื“ืขืจ ืคื™ื ืคื˜ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ืžื•ืจื ืคืึทืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืงืœืœื”, 
ืืฑื™ืกืฉื ืฒึทื™ื“ืŸ ื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื ื’ ืื™ื 
ื ืึธืš ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืจ'ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืึทืจื‘ืจืขื ื˜ ืื™ื ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืฉืฒึทื˜ืขืจ - 
ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื‘ืฒึท ืžื™ืจ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืึทืง! 
ืืœื™ื”ื• (ืคืึทืจืฐื•ึผื ื“ืขืจื˜) 
ืื™ืŸ ื–ืึทืง? 
ื‘ืขืœืช-ืื•ื‘ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืึทืง! ืื™ืŸ ื–ืึทืง! 


ืึท ืฆื•ื ื’ 
ืฐื™ืึท ื”ืึทืง - 
ื”ื•ืง-ื”ืึทืง! 
ืจื•ื™ื˜-ืจื•ื™ื˜ ืึท ืฆื•ื ื’, 
ืจื•ื™ื˜ ืคื™ื™ืขืจ-ืคื•ื ืง, 
ื•ื•ื™ื™ืš-ื˜ื™ื™ื’ืขื“ื™ืง 
ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื’ืขื•ื•ื“ื™ืง 
ืึทื”ืขืจ, ืึทื”ื™ืŸ -- 
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ื•ื•ื• ืžืขืŸ ื‘ืึทื“ืึทืจืฃ... 
ืึท ืฆื•ื ื’ - 

ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึทืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฉืึทืจืฃ - 
ืึท ืงืœื•ื ื’! 

ืึท ืฆื•ื ื’ 

ื•ื™ ืžืขืŸ ื‘ืึทื“ืึทืจืฃ! 
ืขืœืึทืกื˜ื™ืฉ 

ื•ื™ ืึท ื•ื•ื™ื™ื“ืœ 

ืึท ืฉืจื•ื™ืฃ 

ื•ื•ืขืœื‘ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึทืจืฑืฃ, 
ืคืึทืœื˜ ืึทืจืึธืคึผ, ืึทืจืึธืคึผ 
ืจืขื“ื˜ ืื™ื™ื“ืœ, ืื™ื™ื“ืœ, 
ื“ื™ื ื˜ืฉื™ืง-ื“ื™ืŸ, 

ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื“ืจื™ืŸ -- 

ื’ืจืึธื‘! 

ื“ืจืึทืกื˜ื™ืฉ... 

ืึธื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ ื’ื™ื˜ 

ืึท ืฉืจื•ืžืคึผ ื–ื™ืš ืืฒึทืŸ, 
ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืงืœืขื ืขืจ ื ืึธืš ืคื•ืŸ ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ืฉืžืึธืœ ืึท ื–ืึทื ื’, 

ืึท ืฉื˜ื™ืงืขืœืข, ืึท ืฉื˜ื™ืงืœ! 
ื’ืขืงื ื•ื™ืœื˜ ืึท ืฐืึธืจืขื; 
ืึธื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ ื’ื™ื˜ 
ืคื•ื ืึทื ื“ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืึท ื•ื•ื™ืงืœ, 
ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืœืขื ื’ืขืจ ื ืึธืš ืคื•ืŸ ืœืึทื ื’ - 
ืึท ืฆื•ื ื’! 

ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืึท ืฆื•ื ื’? 

ื’ืฒื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก! 

ื“ืึธ ืื™ื– ื–ื™ ืึทืœื˜, 

ื“ืึธ ื™ื•ื ื’, 

ื“ืึธ ื”ื™ื™ืก, 

;ื“ืึธ ืงืึทืœื˜... 

ื“ืึธ ื”ืขืคื˜ื™ืง, 


229 


ืืœื™ื”ื• 
ื‘ืขืœืช-ืื•ื‘ 
| ืืœื™ื”ื• 
ื‘ืขืœืช-ืื•ื‘ 
ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื ื’ 


ืงืจืขืคื˜ื™ืง, 

ื“ืึธ ืคืึทืจืกืึธืคึผืขื˜, 

ืจืขื“ื˜, ืจืขื“ื˜ -- 

ื“ืึธ ืคืขื˜ 

ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ืง-ืจืฒื™ืš, 

ืฆื• ืืฒึทืš 

ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื“'ืจื™ืŸ: 

ืืฒื ื˜ืึธื ื™ืง, 

ืึธืจืขื, 

ืึท ืฆื•ื ื’ ืึท ืฐืึธืจืขื, 

ืึท ืชึนึผื! 

ืึธื˜ ืงืึทืคึผืขื˜ 

ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื ื™ืง, 

ืึธื˜ ื˜ืจื™ืคื˜ 

ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื’ืึธืจ ื’ื™ืคื˜, 

ืกื! 

ืึท ืฆื•ื ื’ - 

ืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืึทืจ ื”ื™ื ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืคืŸ ื–ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืžืึทืจืง, 
ืื™ืŸ ืžืึทื ื˜ื•ืึท -- 

ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืึทืง, ืื™ืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืขื ื–ื™ ื‘ืึทื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ - 


ืขืคืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ื 

ื–ื™ ืฉื™ืœื˜! 

ืขืคืŸ! 

ืก'ืคึฟืึทืจืฆื™ื˜ืขืจื˜ ื‘ืึทืœื“ ื“ื™ ืœื•ืคื˜... (ืขืคึฟื ื˜ ื“ืขื ื–ืึทืง) 


(ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืึทืง ืึทืจืฑืก) 


ืคื™ึทื™ืขืจืคืœืึทื 
ืึท ื•ื•ื™ืœื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึทื ืฅ - 
ื ืขืžืขืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ืึท- 


ืจื•ื ื“ื™ืš ื’ืึทื ืฅ! 


ืื•ืŸ ื ื•ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜, 


40 


ื‘ืขืœืช-ืื•ื‘ 


ืืœื™ื”ื• 


ื‘ืขืœืช-ืื•ื‘ 


ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืœืึธื’ ืื•ืŸ ืงืœืึธื’, 
ื•ื™ ืื™ื•ื‘ ืฉื™ืœื˜ 
ื“ืขื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’! 


"ืืฒื™ื‘ื™ืง ืฉืฒึทื ื˜ ื“ื™ 
ื–ื•ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืก'ื˜ืึธื’ื˜ 

ื‘ืฒึท ืžื™ืจ ืื™ืŸ ืœืึทื ื“"- 
ื”ืึธืกื˜ื• ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜! / 


ื™ืึธ, ืก'ืœืฒึทื™ื›ื˜ ื“ื™ ื–ื•ืŸ, 

ื–ื™ ืœืฒึทื›ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืœืึทื›ื˜ - 
ื ืึธืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ืจ 

ืคืึทืœื˜ ื˜ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื ืึทื›ื˜. 


ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืจืึธืคึผื˜ 
ืžื™ื˜ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืฉืžืึทืจืฅ, 
ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธืคึผ 

ืื•ืŸ ืฐื™ืกื˜ ื“ืึธืก ื”ืึทืจืฅ, 


ืื•ืŸ ืขืก ืจืขื’ื™ืจื˜ 
ืึธืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ื“ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื–ื•ืŸ - 


! ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื–ื™ืŸ ืฆืขืฉื˜ืขืจื˜ 


ืื•ืŸ ืฐื™ืกื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื˜ื•ืŸ. 


(ืคืึทืจืžืึทื›ื˜ ื“ืขื ื–ืึทืง) 
ื’ืขื ื•ื’! 
ืฉืœืžื” ืžื•ืœื›ื•ืŸ! 
ืื™ืš ืžื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฆื•ื ื’ ื ื™ื˜, ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืฒึทืกื˜ ืึทื”ืขืจ! 
ืฉืœืžื” ืžื•ืœื›ื•ืŸ! 
ืื™ืš ื‘ืจืขื ื’ ื“ื™ืจ ืื™ื ืึทืจืฑืฃ! 
ื›'ืœืึธื“ ืคืจื™ึทืขืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ื–ืึทืง ืื•ื™ืฃ ืžืฒึทื ืข ืคึผืœืฒื™ืฆืขืก, 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ืขื–ืขื ื“ืึธ 
ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ื ืึทืฐืขืงืฆื•ืจืฒึทื˜ืŸ - 
21 


ืืœื™ื”ื• 
ื‘ืขืœืช-ืื•ื‘ 


ืืœื™ื”ื• 
ื‘ืขืœืช-ืื•ื‘ 


ืฉืœืžื” ืžื•ืœื›ื• 


ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ืœ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜.., 

ืึทื ื˜ืœืฑืคืŸ? 

ื™ืึธ, ืึทื ื˜ืœืฑืคืŸ... 

ืึธ, ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืื•ืžื–ื™ืกื˜ ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืึท ืงืขื ื™ื’ ื–ื™ืš; | 
ื’ื ื‘ืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื ืึทื›ื˜ ืึท ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจืขืจ ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืขื™ืŸ"ื“ื•ืจ, 
ืžื™ืš ืฉืจืขืงื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืงืขื ื™ื’ ื ื™ื˜! 

ื“ืึทืจืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืงืขื ื™ื’ ืžื™ืš -- ืฐืขื˜ ืขืจ ืžื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื˜ืฑื˜ืŸ... 
ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื ื™ื˜ ืžื•ืจื ืื•ื™ืš ืคืึทืจ ื“ื™ ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื, 

ื“ืขืจ ื ื‘ื™ื ืื™ื– ื ืึทื™ื•ื• - 

ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืžื•ืจื ื ืึธืจ ืคืึทืจ ืžืงื•ื‘ืœื™ื! 

ื“ื™ ืžื™ืกื˜ื™ืงืขืจ - 

ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ืคืึทืจื‘ืœืขื ื“ืขื ื™ืฉืŸ, 

ื•ื™ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืงื•ื ืฆืŸ-ืžืึทื›ืขืจืฒึท, ืฉืฐืึทืจืฅื“ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจืฒึท 
ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืžื™ื˜ืœืขืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข 

ื˜ืจืขื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ ืึท ื•ื•ืขื’ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื’ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืก, 

ืื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื”ื•ื™ืš... 
ื‘ืึทืคึผืจืฒึท ืžื™ืš ืคืจื™ึดืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื›'ื‘ืจืขื ื’ ื“ื™ืจ ืื™ื ืึทืจืฑืฃ! 
ื‘ืจืขื ื’! 

ื ืึทื›ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื ืึทื›ื˜ - 

ืื•ืŸ ื’ืึธืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืžืขืจ! - - - - - ืฉืคึผืจื™ื ื’ื˜ืึธืคึผ) 


(ื“ืขืจืฉืฒึทื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืคึฟืœืึทืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ืขืจื“, ืงื•ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึทืจื•ื) 


ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืขืจื“ ื“ืึธ! 
ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ! 
ื ืฉืžื” ืื•ืŸ ืงืขืจืคึผืขืจ - 

ืึธ, ื›'ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ืึธ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ! 


ืคื•ืŸ ืฐื•ึผ ืงื•ื ืื™ืš ื“ืึธ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ? 
ืฆื™ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืขืจื“ื™ืฉืข ื˜ื•ื™'ืจืŸ 
ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ? + 
ืฆื™ ืงื•ื ืื™ืš ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ, 

ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื™ืžืœ ื’ืขื ื™ื“ืขืจื˜? 

ื›'ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฐื™ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ืจืŸ, 


232 


ืึธื˜ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ื“ืึธ ืฐื™ื“ืขืจ! 
ื›'ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืึธ, ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ืงื•ื ืึทื”ืขืจ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ - 
ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื“ืึธ ื’ืขื‘ืจืขื ื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ, 
ื’ืขื‘ืจืขื ื˜ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืฉืฒึทื˜ืขืจ. 


ืึธื˜ ืื™ื– ืขืจ, ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ืžืœ, 

ื“ืขืจ ื”ื•ื™ื›ืขืจ, ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื•ืžืขืจ - 
ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื’ืขืฉื•ื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืึทืžืึธืœืกื˜ 
ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืก'ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึทืจื•ื ืžื™ืจ 


ื’ืขืฉืœืขื ื’ืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคืœืึทืžืขืŸ 
ื’ืขื˜ืึทื ืฆื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืžืœื˜, 
ืื™ืš ืื•ื™ืš, ืื™ืš ืฉืฐืฒึทื™ื’ ืื•ื™ืš, ื•ื™ 
ื“ืขืจ ืžืึทื ื˜ื•ืึทืขืจ ื”ื™ืžืœ... 


ื™ืึธ, ื™ืึธ, ื“ื™ ืึธ, ื”ื™ืžืœืขืŸ 

ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืึทื–ืึธืœื›ืข: 

ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ืึท ืฉืฒึทื˜ืขืจ 

ืคืึทืจ ืฉืœืžื” ืžื•ืœื›ื•? (ื•ื•ืขื ื“ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืึทืจื•ืžื™ืงืข, ืฆื• ืืœื™ื”ื•ืŸ) 
ืฐื•ึผ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ื”ืึธืœืฅ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืคื™ึทื™ืขืจ? (ืฐืฒึทื–ื˜ ืื•ืฃ ื–ื™ืš) 
ืึธื˜ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืœืึทืก ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ืขื•ืœื”. 


ืืœื™ื”ื• ื ื™ื˜ ืึทื–ืฑ ื’ืขืคืจืขื’ื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื™ืฆื—ืง. 

ืžื•ืœื›ื• ื™ืฆื—ืง ื”ืึธื˜ ืฆื•ื ื˜ืึทื˜ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขื ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืฐืึธื ื“ืŸ, 
ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขื ื‘ืึทืจื’ ืžื•ืจื™ื” -- 
ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืึทื– ืจ'ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ืฆื•ื ืฉื˜ืึทืจื‘ืŸ - 
ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ืึท ื™ื™ึดื“, ืึทื–ืึท ืึท ื™ื™ึธื“, ืึท ื’ืขืคืึทื ื’ืขื ืขืจ ืึท ื™ื™ื“ - 


ืืœื™ื”ื• ื“ื• ื’ืขืคื™ื ืกื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืึธ, ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ืฒึทื ืข ื‘ืจื™ื“ืขืจ. 
ืžื•ืœื›ื• ืžืึทืจืึทื ืขืŸ? 
ืืœื™ื”ื• (ื ืึธืš ืึท ืคึผื•ื™ื–ืข, ืึธื ืงื•ืงื ื“ื™ืง ืื™ื ืคืึทืจืฐื•ึผื ื“ืขืจื˜) 

ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ, ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ื•ื™ ื“ื•... ืื™ืŸ ืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ ื‘ื™ืกื˜ื•! 
ืžื•ืœื›ื• (ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขืœืขื‘ื˜) 


ืื™ืŸ ืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ! 
33 


ืืœื™ื”ื• 


ืžื•ืœื›ื• 


ืคืึทืจ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธืกื˜ื• ืขืก ื‘ืึทืœื“ ืžื™ืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜? 

ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทื ืขืŸ ื“ืึธ ืฐื™ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ืฉืฒึทื˜ืขืจืŸ,} 

ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ -- (ืงื•ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ ืืฒึทืŸ) 

ื•ื™ ืžืึทืจืึทื ืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืจ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืžื™ืจ... 

ืžื™ืจ ืึทืœืข -- ืžืึทืจืึทื ืขืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ, ื’ืขื ื•ื™ื˜ืข ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคืจืขืžื“ืข ืœืขื ื“ืขืจ! 
ืึท ื™ื™ึทื“ ืื™ืŸ ืœืึทื ื“ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขื - ืื™ื– ืฐื™ ืึท ื™ื™ื“ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขืฆืขืœื˜, 
ืึท ื™ื™ึดื“ ื‘ืฒึท ื–ื™ืš... 

ืคืึทืจืœืึธื–ื˜ ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขืฆืขืœื˜ - ืื™ื– ืขืจ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืึท ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ, 

ืึท ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืคืึทืจื•ื•ื™ืฉื˜ืŸ ืคึผื ื™ื. 

ืึทืŸ ืึธืคึผื ืขืจื™ื‘ืขื ืข, ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืึธืจ ืงืขื ื˜ื™ืงืข ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทืœื˜. 

ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื–ืŸ ื“ืึธ, ืื™ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขืฆืขืœื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืึธ - 

ืึธื˜ ืื™ื– ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื! | 

ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ? ื“ืึธืจื˜ -- ืื™ื– ืฆืคืช! (ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืขื ืงืฉืึทืคื˜) 


ืฆืคืช! 

ื”ืึทืจืฆื™ืงืข, ื’ืœื•ืกื˜ื™ืงืข, 

ื“ื• ืžืฒึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ื“ืฒึทื™ืŸ - 
ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืึท ืคึผืึธืจ! 

ืžื™ืจ ืฐืขืœืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ, 
ืึทื–ืฑ ืืฒื‘ื™ืง ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ื™ื‘ื™ืงืข ื™ืึธืจ! 
ืฆืคืช -- ื”ืฒืœื™ืง ื’ืขืฆืขืœื˜, 
ืฆืคืช, ืื™ื ื“ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืคืขืœื“, 
ืžื™ืจ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข, ืžื™ืจ ื“ืึธ - 
ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ืึธื™ึดืงืข ืžื™ืจ, 


ืžื™ืจ - ื ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜! (ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ื˜ ืฐื™ ืคึฟืึทืจืฉื˜ืึทืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืฐื•ื•ึผื ื“ืขืจืœืขื›ืขืจ ื‘ืขื ืงืฉืึทืคึผื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜ 


ืคื•ืŸ ืฆืคืช) 


ืžื™ืจ, ืžื•ืœื›ื•, 
ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืคึผื ื™ื ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืึธื ื“ืŸ ืฆื• ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื. 
(ื’ืขืฐืึธื ื“ืŸ ืฆื• ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื) 
ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื -- ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื‘ื•ืกื™ื... 
"ื“ื™ ืœืึธืžืข ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืœื™ื ื“ืข" 
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ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื‘ืึทืคึผืขืกื˜ื™ืงื˜... 
ื“ื•ื“! ืขืจ! 
ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื– ืก'ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื•ื“ 
ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ืžื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืงืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืฆืคืช... (ืคึผืึทืจื‘ืขื ืงื˜) 
ืฆืคืช... ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืขื’ ืฆื• ืฆืคืช -- ืื™ืš ืงืขืŸ ืื™ื -- 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจืŸ ื™ื! 
ืคื•ืŸ ืฆืคืช, ืคื•ืŸ ืฆืคืช -- ืฐื•ื™ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืึทื ืงืึธื ืึท? 
ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื˜ืึทืœื™ืข? 

ืืœื™ื”ื• ืื™ื‘ืขืจืŸ ื™ื! 

ืžื•ืœื›ื• ื ื™ื˜ืึธ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ ืึทื”ื™ืŸ! 
ืคื•ืŸ ืฆืคืช ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืึทื ืงืึธื ืึท - ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ืึธ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’... 
ื ื™ื˜ืึธ... ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืš -- ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขืžื•ื–ื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ, 
ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึทื ืงืึธื ืึท ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ... 
ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื“ื™ ืคืœื™ื’ืœืขืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืข ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขืฉืœืึธื’ืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคืœื™ึดืขืŸ - 
ืื™ืŸ ืฆืคืช ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืœืขืจื ื˜ ืคืœื™ืขืŸ, 
ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ืึท ืฉื•ื•ืขืกื˜ืขืจืœ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ืžืก, 


ืฆืคืช, 

ื•ื™ ื–ื™ ืึท ื˜ืฒึทื‘ืขืœืข ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืคืขืœื“ื–ืŸ-ืฉืคึผืึทืœื˜, 

ืฆืคืช! 
ืืœื™ื”ื• ืคืึทืจ ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฉืข, ื‘ื™ืกื˜ื• ืึธืคึผื’ืขืคืœื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืึทื–ืฑ ื’ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ? 
ืžื•ืœื›ื• ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืžืึทืจืึทื ืขืŸ. 
ืืœื™ื”ื• ืึธ, ืึธื“ืœืขืจ ื“ื•, ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืฉืคึผื™ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืขืœื“ื–! 


ืฆื™ ื‘ื™ืกื˜ื• ืื™ื™ื ื–ืึทื ื“ืขืŸ ืึทื–ืฑ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜? 
| ื•ื•ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ืจ ื’ืขื—ื‘ืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืฆืคืช? 
ืžื•ืœื›ื• ื™ึดื“ืŸ... ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข. 
ืืœื™ื”ื• (ืคืึทืจืฐื•ึผื ื“ืขืจื˜) 
ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืึทืฐืขืง ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ืึทืฐืขืงื’ืขืœืึธื–ืŸ ื–ื™ืš, ืึทืฐืขืง ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืžืึทืจืึทื ืขืŸ. 
ืžื•ืœื›ื• ื–ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืื™ืŸ ืฆืึธืœ, ื–ื™ื™, ื“ื™ ืžืึทืจืึทื ืขืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ืื—ืจื™ ืจื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื˜ื•ืช.., 
ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื“ื™ ืฐืึทืกืขืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ื™ื‘ืขืจ 
ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจื’ืึธืกืŸ ืจื•ื™ื. 
235 


ืืœื™ื”ื• 


ื‘ืขืœืช-ืื•ื‘ 
ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื ื’ 


ื‘ืขืœืช-ืื•ื‘ 
ืžื•ืœื›ื• 


ื‘ืขืœืช-ืื•ื‘ 
ืžื•ืœื›ื• 
ื‘ืขืœืช-ืื•ื‘ 
ืžื•ืœื›ื• 


ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ืคืึทืจืฆื™ื˜ืขืจืŸ ื’ืขืžืึทื›ื˜ 
ื“ื™ ืขืจื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ืกืึทื‘ืึธืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืขื˜ ื“ื™ ืึทืœืข ืคึผืึธืจื˜ื•ื’ืึทืœืก, 
ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืœืขืจื ื˜ ืฉื™ืœื˜ืŸ. 
ื“ืขืจ ื–ืึทืง! (ืฆื• ื‘ืขืœืช-ืื•ื‘) 
ืขืคืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ื–ืึทืง! 
(ืขืคื ื˜ ื“ืขื ื–ืึทืง) 
(ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืึทืง ืึทืจืฑืก) 
ืคืฒึทืขืจืคืœืึทื! 
ืึท ื•ื•ื™ืœื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึทื ืฅ 
ื ืขืžืขืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ืึท- 
ืจื•ื ื“ื™ืš ื’ืึทื ืฅ! 
(ืคืึทืจืžืึทื›ื˜ ื“ืขื ื–ืึทืง) 
ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฆื•ื ื’ -- (ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœื˜) 
ื•ื•ืขืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืคืึธืจืืฑื™ืกื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืื™ื ืงืขื ืขืŸ, ืงืึทืจืœืขืŸ, 
ื“ืขื ื’ืฑื™ - ืื™ืš ืžื•ืœื›ื• ืฐืขืœ ืึทืฐืขืง ืžื™ื˜ ืคึผืฒึทืขืจ, 
ืื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื ื’ ืคืึทืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ืึทื‘ืขืจื’ืœืฑื‘ืขืจ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืึทื–ืฑ ื’ืขืฉืจืึธืงืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืจ'ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืึท ืœืขื‘ืขื“ื™ืงืข ืึทืจืฑืกื’ืขืจื™ืกืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื•ื™ืœ - 
ืฐืขื˜ ืฉื™ืœื˜ืŸ ืื™ื ื ืึธืš ื”ื™ื™ื ื˜! 
(ืขืคื ื˜ ื“ืขื ื–ืึทืง, ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื™ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืึทืง ืึทืจืฑืก) 
ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ื•ื! ืื™ืš ืงืขื 'ืก ื ื™ื˜ ื”ืขืจืŸ. 
(ืคืึทืจืžืึทื›ื˜ ื“ืขื ื–ืึทืง) 
(ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœืขื ื“ื™ืง) 
ืฐืึธืก ื–ืึธืœ ืึท ืฆื•ื ื’ ืึทืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืจื™ืกืขื ืข ื“ืขืŸ ื˜ืึธืŸ? 
ืื•ื™ื‘ ื ื™ื˜ ืฉื™ืœื˜ืŸ? 
ืงื•ืžืขื ื“ื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ืฆืคืช ื ืึธืš ืจื•ื™ื - 
ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ื™ื™ ื’ืขืฆืึธืจื ื˜, ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื’ื•ื™ื™ื, 
ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืจืึธืคื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืคื™ื™ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึทืกืขืจ, 
ืื™ืŸ ืจืขื’ื ืกื‘ื•ืจื’ ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืžืขืจ ื’ืขืฉืึธืœื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ื™, 
ืื™ืŸ ืจืขื’ื ืกื‘ื•ืจื’ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ืฆื•ื ื’ื•ื™, ืฆื•ื ื ืึทืจื™ืฉืŸ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ืฆื• ืื™ื ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืึทื–ืฑ ืฆื• ื–ืึธื’ืŸ: 
ืื™ื™ื ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื“ื™, ืคืึทืจืœืึทื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ืจ, ืื™ืš, ืงืึทืจืœืึธืก: 
ืœืึธื– ืคืจื™ื™ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืคืึธืœืง! ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ - 
236 


ืืœื™ื”ื• 
ืžื•ืœื›ื• 


ืืœื™ื”ื• 
ืžื•ืœื›ื• 


ืืœื™ื”ื• 


ืึทืœืข 
ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” 
ืžื•ืœื›ื• 


ื“ืึทืŸ ื˜ื•ื˜ ืžื™ืš! 
ื“ืขืจ ื’ืฑ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึทืŸ ื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ืคืึทืจื‘ืจืขื ืขืŸ ืžื™ืš, 
ื ืึธืš ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืคืึทืจืœืึทื ื’. 
ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืคืึธืจื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜, ืื™ื, ืงืึทืจืœืึธืกืŸ ื“ืขื ืคื™ื ืคื˜ืŸ, 
ื˜ืึธืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืื™ื™ื ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื’ืขืคืึทืœืŸ: 
ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ืขื ืœืขืฆื˜ืŸ ื—ืกื“... 
ื“ืขืจ ื ืึทืจื™ืฉืขืจ, ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืœ, ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ืึทื ืขืŸ 
ืึทื– ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื“ื™ ื—ืกื“ื™ื ื–ืขื ืขืŸ - ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื ืึธืจ -- ืžืฒึทืŸ ืคืึธืœืง! 
ืฉื˜ืึทืจื‘ืŸ ืคืึทืจ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืคืึธืœืง -- 
ื“ืขืจ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืื•ืœื”! 
ื“ืขืจ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืื•ืœื”! 
ื“ืขื ืคึผืฑืคึผืกื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืจืฑื™ื - 
ื›'ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฒึทื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ื ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืงื ืึทืคึผ... 
ืงืึทืจืœืึธืกืŸ ื“ืขื ืคื™ื ืคื˜ืŸ -- ืื™ื ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื‘ืึทื–ื™ื’ื˜! 
ื•ื™ ืึท ืฉืงืœืึทืฃ ืึท ื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืงืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืžื™ืจ ื ืึธื›ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืึทืœืฅ: 
ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื”ืจื’ืขื˜ ืžื™ืš, 
ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืึทืฐื™ื–ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฆืขืจ ืจืฉืขื•ืช - 
ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื”ืจื’ืขื˜ ืžื™ืš, 
ืื•ืŸ ืึท ื˜ื•ื˜ ืึท ืฉื™ื™ื ืขื ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืงืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืขืจ ืคืึทืจ ืžื™ืจ: 
ืคืœืึทืžืขืŸ- ืคึผืฒึทืขืจ! 
ื“ื• ืœืขื‘ืกื˜! 
ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื”ืึทื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ืจ ื“ืึธืก ืคึผืฒึทืขืจ 
ื™ืึธื• ื™ืึท! 
ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื”ืึทื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื™ื˜ื”! 
ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ, ื ืึธืจ ืฐื™ ืžืึทืจืึทื ืขืŸ ืจืขื“ื˜ ืื™ืจ: 
ืžืึทืจืึทื ืขืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก ื ืึธืจ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื“ืึธ ืื•ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื’ืึธื˜ ืึท ืคึผืฐื™ึทื™ืขืจืŸ 
(ืฉืจืฒึทื˜ ืื•ื™ืก) 
ื“ืึธืก ืคืฒึทื™ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื”ืึทื˜, ื’ืขื”ืึทื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืžื™ืจ (ืึท ืฉืœื™ื˜ื”!ืŸ 
ืึท ื™ื™ึดื“, ืงื•ื™ื ื”ืขื ื’ื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ื, ืฉื˜ืขืงื˜ ืœืึทื ื’ ืึทืจืฑืก ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฆื•ืŸื ื’ืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื“ืขืจืฉื˜ื™ืงื˜! 
ืึทื– ืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืฒึทืขืจ ืžื™ืš ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืคืŸ 
ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืคืึทืจื‘ืจืขื ื˜! 
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ืืœื™ื”ื• 
ืžื•ืœื›ื• 


ืืœื™ื”ื• 
ืžื•ืœื›ื• 


ืืœื™ื”ื• 
ืžื•ืœื›ื• 


ืืœื™ื”ื• 
ืžื•ืœื›ื• 


ืืœื™ื”ื• 


ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืจืขื ื˜! 
ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขื‘ืจืขื ื˜, ื’ืขืคืœืึทืงืขืจื˜! 
ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืื™ื›'ืก ื ื™ื˜ - 
ืื™ืš ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืข ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืš 
ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืœืึทื›ื˜ ืฆื•ื ื”ื™ืžืœ, 
ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื’ืขืœืึทื›ื˜? ืคืึทืจ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธืกื˜ื• ื’ืขืœืึทื›ื˜? 
ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขืœืึทื›ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืข ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข 
ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืจืขื ื˜ืข ืฉืžืึทืจืฆืŸ: 
ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึธืจื‘ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืžื–ื™ืกื˜. 
ืึทื–ืฑ ืœืึทื›ื˜ ืึท ืคืจื•ื™ ืฐืึธืก ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืฆื• ืงื™ื ื“, 
ื–ื™ ืœืึทื›ื˜ ืึทื–ืฑ ื‘ืขืชืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื”ื•ื™ื›ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืฉืžื” ืื™ืจืข 
ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ: 
ืึธ, ื”ืึธื‘ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืžื•ืจื ื ื™ื˜, ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ืึท ื–ื•ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ืจืŸ! 
ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืก'ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืš ื“ื™ ืคืฒึทื™ืขืจืฆื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืจื•ื˜ ื’ืขืœืขืงื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืœืฒึทื‘ 
ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ืึทื–ืฑ ื’ืขืœืึทื›ื˜: 
ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทื”ืขืœื˜ืขื ื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึธืจื‘ืŸ, 
ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึธืจื‘ืŸ ืคืึทืจ ื“'ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืคืึธืœืง, 
ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื‘ืฉื‚ื•ืจื”-ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืœื™ืคึผืŸ... 
ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืึธื ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื™ืฉื•ืขื•ืช ื•ื ื—ืžื•ืช, 
ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืึธื ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ืื•ืœื”! 
ื’ืื•ืœื”! 
ืžืฉื™ื—ืก ืœืฒึทื“ืŸ ืฐืขืœืŸ ื–ื™ื‘ื ืคืึทื›ื™ืง ื’ืจืขืกืขืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ, ืื•ื™ืš ืขืจ ืฐื•ืขื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืœืึทื›ืŸ ืคืึทืจ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื“ืขืจืฉืฒึทื ืขืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืฉื˜ืึทืจื‘ืŸ? 
ืฐืึธืก ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืขืจ ืึธืŸ ืžื™ืจ? ืขืจ, ืžืฉื™ื—? 
ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื ืคืึทืจ? 
ืขืจ ืฐื•ืขื˜ ื“ืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ื™ืงืข ื“ืึธืš ื˜ืึธืŸ: 
ืขืจ ืœื™ื™ื–ื˜ ืืฒึทืš ืื•ื™ืก! 
ืขื-ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ ื—ื™! ื“ืึธืก ืืฒื™ื‘ื™ืงืข 
ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืืฒึทืš ื‘ืึทืคืฑืœืŸ, ืก'ืœืขื‘ืŸ! 
(ืึทื ื˜ืฆื™ืงื˜) | 
ืžื•ืœื›ื•! 
ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืœืขื–ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฉื™ื™ืŸ! 
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ืขืจ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืคืึทืœืฉ! 

ืึท ื”ื™ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื“ืึทืจืฃ ื•ืขืจืŸ 

ืึทื ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ืœืขืฆื˜ืŸ ืฐืึธืฐ -- 

ืžึธืœึฐื›ึธื”, ืžืœื›ื” ืขืœื™ื ื•! 

ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืงืขื ื™ื’ ื–ื™ื™! 
ืžื•ืœื›ื• ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ ืžืึทืจืึทื ืขืŸ! 

ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืœืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ื™ืš ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืงืขื ื™ื’, 

| ื–ื™ื™ ื•ื•ื™ืœืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืงืขื ื™ื’ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืงื™ื™ื ืขื. 

ืืœื™ื”ื• ืจืขื“ืกื˜ ืฐื™ ืึท ื ื‘ื™ื 
ืžื•ืœื›ื• ืึท ื”ืขืœื“ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ื“ืขื•ืŸ, ื’ื“ืขื•ืŸ ื™ืจื•ื‘ืขืœ, 

ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ -- ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜? 


"ื’ืึธื˜, ื“ืขืจ ื”ืึทืจ, ื–ืึธืœ ืงื™ื ื™ื’ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืืฒื™ืš!1"} (ืคึฟืึทืจืฉืฐื™ื ื“ื˜) 


ืืœื™ื”ื• (ืœื•ื™ืคื˜ ื ืึธืš ื“ืขื ืคืฒึทื™ืขืจืคืœืึทืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืขืจื’) 
ืžื•ืœื›ื•! ืžื•ืœื›ื•! 
ื™ื•ืกืฃ (ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื’ืขืœืขื›ื˜ืขืจ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื) 


"ืžื•ืœื›ื•"! ืขืจ ืงืขืŸ ืื™ื ื ืึธืš ื“ืขืจื™ืึธื’ืŸ! ืžื•ืœื›ื•! 


ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืึท (ื˜ืจืขื˜ ืึทืจืฑืก ืคื•ืŸ ืฆืฐื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึทืกื˜ืขื›ืขืจ, ืฐืึทืจืคื˜ ืึทืจืึธืคึผ ื“ืึธืก ืžื•ืœื›ื•-ืงืœื™ื™ื“ ืื•ืŸ ื ืขืžื˜ ืึทืจืึธืคึผ ื“ื™ 
ืคึผืึทืกื˜ืขืš ืžืึทืกืงืข) 
ื“ืึธ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš! 
ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืžื•ืœื›ื• 
ืืœื™ื”ื• ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืื•ื ื“ื– ืคืึทืจืœื•ื™ืจืŸ ื“ืึธ ื’ืขื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ 
ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืขืจื’. 
ื ื—ืžื™ื” ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจืœื•ื™ืจืŸ ืื™ื– ืขืจ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื’ืขื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ - 


ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ ืื™ื ื“ื™ ื ืึทื›ื˜. 
ื ืขืžื˜ ื™ืขื“ืขืจืขืจ ืึทืจืึธืคึผ ื“ื™ ืžืึทืกืงืข ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขื–ื™ื›ื˜. 
ืฉืื•ืœ, ื“ื•, ืื•ื™ืš ื“ื•, ื“ื ื™ืืœ ืื™ืฉ ื—ืžื•ื“ื•ืช, 
ื“ื• ืคืœืึทื•ื•ื™ื•ืก ืื•ื™ืš, ืฉื ืขืœ-ืฉื ืขืœ! 
ื’ืึธืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื–ืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื“ืึธ ืงืึธึทื ื˜ื™ืง. 
ืืœื™ืฉื‘ืข? ืฐื•ึผ? ืฐื•ึผ ื‘ื™ืกื˜ื•? 
ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึทืฐื•ื“ืื™ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืึทืฐื™ื–ืŸ ื ืึธืš 
ืึทืจืึธืคึผืฐืึทืจืคืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืžืึทื˜ืขืก! ื“ื™ ื‘ืขืœืช-ืื•ื‘! 
ื’ื•ื˜! ืขืจ ื–ืึธืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืึธืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ! 

ื‘ืชื™ื” ืืœื™ื”ื•! 


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ื ื—ืžื™ื” 


ื ื™ื˜ ืจื•ืฃ ืื™ื! 

ืขึนืจ ื–ืึธืœ ืึทืจื•ืžื‘ืœืึธื ื“ื–ืฉืขืŸ ืึทืœืฒืŸ ื“ืึธ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืขืจื’, 
ื–ืึธืœ ืขืจ ืึธืคึผื ืขื‘ืŸ ืึท ื“ื™ืŸื“ื•ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ื™ ื ืึทื›ื˜, 
ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฉืคึผื™ืœื˜ ืึทืŸ ืึธืฐื•ื ื˜ ืื™ื... 

ื™ืขืฆื˜ ื ืขืžื˜ ื“ื™ ืฉืึธืฃ ืื•ืŸ ืจื™ื ื“ืขืจ 

ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธืคึผืฆืึทืžื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ, 


ืื•ืŸ ืึทื”ืฒื! ืึทื”ืฒื™ื, ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆืจื™ืคื™ื ื‘ืจื™ื“ืขืจ: 


ืžื™ืจ ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ื™ืš ืคืจื™... 

ืžื™ืจ ืฐืขืœืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืงื•ืžืขื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ืื™ื ื“ืขืจืคืจื™ 
ืื™ื ืึธืคึผืฉืคึผื™ืœืŸ ืึท ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืึทืงื˜... 

ืžื™ืจ ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืื™ื ื ื™ื˜ ืึธืคึผ... ื‘ื™ื–,.. ื‘ื™ื– - 

ืขืจ ืžืึทื›ื˜, ื•ื™ ืึทืœืข ืžื™ืจ, ืฉืœื•ื ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื“ื•ืจ... 
ืึท ื’ื•ื˜ืข ื ืึทื›ื˜! | 


ื“ื™ ืคึผืึทืกื˜ืขื›ืขืจ ืฆืขื’ื™ื™ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืึทืจืฉืฐื™ื ื“ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึทืœืึทื˜ืงืขืก 


ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ-ื‘ืขืจื’-ืจื•ื™ื ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืœื™ื™ื“ื™ืง. 


-- ื“ืขืจ ืคืึธืจื”ืึทื ื’ ืคืึทืœื˜ ืœืึทื ื’ื•ืึทื - 


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ืึทืจื™ื™ื ืคื™ืจ 17 


ืึท ืคึผื•ืจื™ื-ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืคืึทืจ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ, ืคืจืฒึทื™ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉืŸ ื ื•ืกื— ืฐืึธืก ื™.ืง. ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธืคึผื ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ 
ืื™ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ 1938 -- ืื™ืŸ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ- ืื•ืŸ ื™ื•ื’ื ื˜-ื–ืฉื•ืจื ืึทืœ: ืขื•ืœืžื™ (ื•ืจืฉื”), ืฉื ื” ื’', ื’ืœื™ื•ืŸ 13 (42), ื™"ื“ 
ืื“ืจ ื‘' ืชืจืฆ"ื—, ื–ื–' 195 -- 198. ื–ื™ ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ื“ืจืึทืžืึทื˜ื™ืฉืข 
ื•ื•ืขืจืง ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ืžืœื—ืžื”, ืคืึทืจืŸ ืจืขืคึผืขืจื˜ื•ืึทืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ืจืึทืžืงืจืฒึทื– ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ. 

ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืข ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคืึทืจืึทืŸ. ื“ืึธืš ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึธื ืฆื•ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืึทืคื™ืœื• ื“ื™ ืžืขื’ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืึทื– ื“ืึธืก ืคึผื•ืจื™ื-ื‘ื™ืœื“ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื’ืขืงืขื ื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืš ืคึผื•ืจื™ื ืช"ืฉ 237ื˜ืขืจ ืคืขื‘ืจื•ืึทืจ 1940 = (ื–ืข ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ืžืขื ื˜ืึทืœืก ืจืฉื™ืžื”, ื ื•ืž' 
ืฆื™ ื’ืึธืจ-- ืคึผื•ืจื™ื ืชืฉ"ื‘ 32ื˜ืขืจ ืžืขืจืฅ 1942 . ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ื™ืึธืจ 1940 ืื™ื– ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืจืึทืžืึทื˜ื™ืฉืข ืกื˜ื•ื“ื™ืข ื ื™ืฉื˜ 
ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ืึธืš ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื”ืึทื˜ ื‘ืึทื’ืขื’ื ื˜ ืึทืคื™ืœื• ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ "ื“ืจื•ืจ"-ื‘ืึทื•ื•ืขื’ื•ื ื’, 
ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ื™ืจื˜ (ื–ืข ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืึทืœื’ืขืžืฒื ืขื ืึทืจืฒึทื ืคื™ืจ). ื‘ืžืฉืš 
ืคึผื•ืจื™ื ืชืฉ"ื‘ ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื™.ืง. ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื ื“ื™ ื’ืึทื ืฆืข ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืขืจื“ื™ืฉืข ื‘ืึทื•ื•ืขื’ื•ื ื’, ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืŸ ืจื•ืฉื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืึทืฆื™ืฉืข ืžืึทืกืŸ-ื”ืจื™ื’ื•ืช ืื•ืŸ ืชึผืœื™ื•ืช ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ, ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืคึผื•ืจื™ื-ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข ืขืจื˜ืขืจ. 
ื“ืขืจ ื“ืจืึทืžืงืจืฒึทื– ืึทืœืฒื™ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื”ืึทื˜, ืฐื•ื™ ืขืก ื–ืขื˜ ืื•ื™ืก, ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื™ื˜ืขื˜. ืคึผื•ืจื™ื ืชืฉ"ื‘ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื”ืึทื˜ ื’ืึธืจ ืึทืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ื™ืŸ (ืคืึทืจื’ืœืฒึทืš ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืึทืจืฒึทื ืคื™ืจ ืฆื• ื ื•ืž' 30 -- "ืฉืคื•ืš ื—ืžืชืš" -- ืื•ืŸ ื–ืข ื“ื™ 
ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืชึผืœื™ื•ืช, ืคึผื•ืจื™ื ืชืฉ"ื‘, ืื™ื ืขื ืœื™ื“). 

ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืข ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื˜ืึทืงืข ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ, ืžืข ืงืขืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืคืขืกื˜ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ 
ื“ื™ ืžืขื’ืœืขื›ืข ื“ืึทื˜ืข: ืึทืจื•ื ืคึผื•ืจื™ื, ื™"ื“ ืื“ืจ ืชืฉ"ื 132ื˜ืขืจ ืžืขืจืฅ 41941, ืฐื•ื™ ื“ื™ ื”ืฉืขืจื” ืฐืึธืก ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ 
ืึธื ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืคื•ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื, ืชืฉื›"ื˜, ื ื•ืž' 19. ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ืžืขื ื˜ืึทืœืก ืจืฉื™ืžื” ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ 
ืขืœ-ืคึผื™ื™ื˜ืขื•ืช (ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื ื•ืž' 12) ืึทื– ืก'ืคืขืœืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืกื•ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜. ื“ืขืจ ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“ ืื™ื– ืึท ื’ืึทื ืฆืขืจ 
ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ื ื•ืžืขืจื™ืจื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื™. ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ื”ืึทื ื˜ืฉืจื™ืคื˜, ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื˜ 7 ื‘ื™ื– ื–ืฒึทื˜ 16 (10 ื–ืฒึทื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื”ืขืคื˜). ื“ืขืจ 
ืคื•ืœืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ื ื•ืกื— ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื“ืึธ ืฆื•ื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜. ืื™ืŸ ื™.ืง. -ืึทืจื›ื™ื• ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ืœื•ื—ืžื™ 
ื”ื’ื™ื˜ืื•ืช, ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“ ืจืขื’ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ืจื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื ื•ืž' 811/1018. ื‘ืฒึทื ื“ืขืฉื™ืคืจื™ืจืŸ ื“ืขื ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืžื™ื˜ 
ื“ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืฆืขืฉืขื“ื™ืงื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืžืขืงื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืข ืขืจื˜ืขืจ, ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืš ื‘ืึทื ื•ืฆื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืœื˜ืข 
ืคืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืคึผื™ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“ ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืžืึทื›ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื ืึธื›ืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื›ึผืชื‘ื™ื. 


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ืฉืœื—-ืžื ื•ืช 
ืึท ืคึผื•ืจื™ื-ื‘ื™ืœื“ 


{(ื—ื™ื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืฆืขืจื™ืกืŸ ื‘ื’ื“ืœ ืžื™ื˜ ืœืึทื˜ืขืก) 


ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืึธืจืขื ื™ื™ื ื’ืœ, ื–ืขื˜: 
ืžืฒึทื ืข ื‘ืึทืงืŸ - ื’ืึธืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืขื˜. 
ื–ืขื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื‘ื’ื“, ื–ืขื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืจืขืงืœ - 
ืก'ื”ืขื ื’ื˜ ืึทืจืึธืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืึท ื–ืขืงืœ. 


ืื™ื–'ืก ืึท ืžืœื‘ื•ืฉ, ืฆื™ ืึท ืฉืžืึทื˜ืข? 
ืก'ืื™ื– ืึท ืœืึทื˜ืข ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ืœืึทื˜ืข... 
ื“ืึธ ืึท ื’ืจืึธืข, ื“ืึธ ืึท ื‘ืœืึธืข, 
ื“ืึธ ืึท ื”ืขืœืข, ื“ืึธ ืึท ื’ืขืœืขืŸ.ืŸ 


ืึทื– ืžืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืึทื˜ืข ืžืฉื”-ืžืขื ื“ืœ 

ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืงื•ื™ืคื˜ ืื™ื ื‘ืฒึท ืึท ื”ืขื ื“ืœืขืจ 
ืื™ื– ืขืจ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฆืขืจื™ืกืŸ 

ืื•ืŸ ืฆืขืœืึทื˜ืขื˜ 

ืื•ืŸ ืฆืขืŸืคึผืŸืึทื˜ืœื˜ 

ืื•ืŸ ื’ืŸืขืคึผื˜ืจื˜... 


ืึทืš, ืžืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืึทื˜ืข ื“ืึทืจืคื˜ ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ 
ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขืงื•ื™ืคื˜ ืคืึทืจ ืžื™ืจ ืึท ื ืฒึทืขื, 
ื™ืึธ ืึท ืฉืคึผืึธื’ืœ, ืฉืคึผืึธื’ืœ ื ืฒึทื™ืขื - 

ื ืึธืจ ืึท ื ืฒึทืขืจ ืงืึธืกื˜ ื“ืึธืš ื˜ืฒึทืขืจ... 
ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืึทื ืขืŸ, ื–ืึธื’ื˜, ืื™ืš ื‘ืขื˜ ืืฒึทืš 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืึทื˜ืข ืคึผืขื˜ื™-ืžืขื˜ื™? 


ืคึผืขื˜ื™-ืžืขื˜ื™ - ื›ึผืกืฃ ืžืžืฉ 

ืึทื– ืžืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืึทื˜ืข ืื™ื– ืึท ืฉืžืฉ 

ืื•ืŸ ืึท ืฉืžืฉื‚ื˜ืข ื“ื™ ืžืึทืžืข-.- 

ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข, ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื–ื™ื™, ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ 

1242 


ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ 
ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืึธื ื‘ืฒื™ึทื™ืกืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ ืฐืึทืจืžืขืก... 


ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื ืึทื›ื˜ืขืกืŸ - ืžืึทื›ื˜ ืจืฉ"ื™: 
! ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืกืขืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืงืึทืฉืข. 


ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืึธืœืขื›ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึทืจื˜ืึธืคืœ-- 
ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ื“ืึธืก ืžื•ื™ืœ ืื™ื– ืึธืคืŸ, ืึธืคืŸ... 


ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ืœืžืฉืœ, ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืš ืคึผื•ืจื™ื, 
ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ืคึผื•ืจื™ื, ืื™ืš ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื... 


ืžื™ืจ, ืžื™ืจ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืงืจื™ื’ืŸ ืคืฒึทื’ืŸ-- 

ืื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ืคื™ื ื’ืขืจ, ื“ื• ืคื•ืŸ ืฆืฐืฒึทื’ืŸ - 
ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื™ื•ื-ื˜ื•ื‘, ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ -- ืฐืึธืš, 
ื“ื• ื“ืขื ื‘ื™ื™ื’ืœ ืื™ืš ื“ื™ ืœืึธืš... 


ืื™ืš ืฉืžืขืง ื˜ืึทื‘ืึทืง ืื•ืŸ ื“ื•-- ื ื™ืกื™ 
ื“ื™ืจ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืึธื ื™ืง ืžื™ืจ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ื™ืก... 

ื“ื™ืจ ื“ื™ ื‘ืฒึทื˜ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื“ื™ ืฉืžื™ืฅ... 
ื“ื™ืจ ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื•ืŸ, ืžื™ืจ -- ื”ื™ืฅ... 


ื“ื™ืจ ืึท ื˜ืจื™ื™ืกื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืึท ื’ืจื•ื™ืœ-- 
ื“ื™ืŸืจ} ื“ืึธืก ื‘ื™ืงืกืœ ืžื™ืจ ื“ื™ ืงื•ื™ืœ... 
ืžื™ื™ื ืกื˜ื• ื“ืึธืš ืขืก ื“ืึทืจืฃ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืจ'ืขืจื“ 
ื ืึธืš ืžืฒึทืŸ ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืึทืจืงืขืจื˜! 


ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื—ืœื™ืœื” ืื•ืŸ ื•ื—ืก 

ืก'ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ื•ืฉื–ืœืขื›ื˜ืขืจ ืฉื–ืคึผืึทืก 
ื—ืก-ื•ืฉืœื•ื! ื—ืก-ื•ืฉืœื•ื! / 

ืก'ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ื‘ื™ื™ื–ืขืจ ื—ืœื•ื... 


243 


ืก'ืฐื•ืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขื•ืขื–ืŸ ื ื™ื ืฉื–ื˜ ื’ื•ื˜, ื ื™ื˜ ื•ืฉื™ื™ืŸืŸ 
ืื™ืš ืžื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืึธืจ, ืึธื˜ ืฐืึธืก {ืื™ืš ืžื™ื™ืŸืŸ 


ืึทืœืข ื“ืึทืจืคืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื“ืึธ ื’ืœืฒึทืš; 
ื“ื• ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึธืจืขื, ืื™ืš ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืจืฒึทืš... 


ืึทืœืข ื“ืึทืจืคืŸ -- ื™ืึธ... ื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜! 
ื ืึธืจ ื“ืขืจืฐืฒึทืœ, ืื™ื– ื˜ืึทืงืข... ืฉืœืขื›ื˜! 


ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ืื™ื– ืคึผื•ืจื™ื, ื˜ืึทืงืข ืคึผื•ืจื™ื 
ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ืคึผื•ืจื™ื, ืื™ืš 'ืกื•ืจื™ื 


ืื•ืŸ ืึท ืฐืฒื˜ืึธื’ ืื•ืŸ ืึท ืฉืžืึทืจืฅ 
ืึธื˜ ืึธ ื“ืึธ, ื“ืึธ ืื™ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฅ-- 


ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืžืœืื›ื™ืžืœืขืš (ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืฉืœื—-ืžื ื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจื“ืขืงื˜ืข ื˜ืขืœืขืจ, ืคืœื™ึดืขืŸ ืึทืจื•ื ืื™ื ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืžืึธืœ, 
ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื™ื ืงืก ืื•ืŸ ืจืขื›ื˜ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ืžืขืŸ) 
ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืžืœืืš ืคึผื•ืจ -- ืคึผื•ืจ-- ืคึผื•ืจื™ื 
ืฐืึธืก ื‘ืึทื“ืฒึทื˜? 
ืก'ืื™ื– ืึท ืคืจื™ื™ืœืขื›ืข 
ืึท ืฆื™ื™ื˜! 


ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ืžืœืืš ืก'ืื™ื– ืึท ื™ื•ื-ื˜ื•ื‘ 
ืฉื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคืฒื™ืŸ 
ืžืจื“ื›ื™, ื–ืึธืœืกื˜ 
ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ! 


ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืžืœืืš ืก'ืื™ื– ืึท ื™ื•ื-ื˜ื•ื‘ 
ืคืฒึทื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื™ื™ืŸ -- 
ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืืกืชืจ, 
ืžืœื-ื—ืŸ! 


ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ืžืœืืš ืก'ืื™ื– ืึท ื™ื•ื-ื˜ื•ื‘ 
24 


ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืžืœืืš 


ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ืžืœืืš 


ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืžืœืืš 


ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ืžืœืืš 


ื—ื™ื™ื 


ื”ืฒึทื ื˜, ืขืจืฉื˜ ืจืขื›ื˜-- 
ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ ืื™ื– ื”ืžืŸ, 
ืื™ื– ืื™ื ืฉืœืขื›ื˜! 


ืคื™ืฉ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืกืขืจ, 
ื‘ื•ื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืœื“ 
ืก'ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกืŸ ืึทืœืข, 
ื™ื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืึทืœื˜ 


ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืคึผื•ืจื™ื -- 
ืคึผื•ืจื™ื ืื™ื–: 
ื”ืžืŸ-ื˜ืึทืฉืŸ -- 
ืฆื•ืงืขืจ ื–ื™ืก! 


ืฉืฐืึทืœื‘ ืื™ืŸ ืฆืฐืฒึทื™ื’ืŸ, 
ืงื™ื ื“ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืก-- 
ืึทืœืข ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกืŸ 

ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก 
ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืคึผื•ืจื™ื -- 
ืคึผื•ืจื™ื ืื™ื–: 

ืขืกืŸ ืœืขืงืขืš, 

ืงื ืึทืงืŸ ื ื™ืก. 


4 


ื’ื•ื˜ ืžืึธืจื’ืŸ ื“ื™ืจ 
ื”ืขืœืขืจ! 


4 


ืžื™ื˜ ืคึผืจืขื–ืขื ื˜ืขืจ 
ืคื•ืœ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืœืขืจ! 


ืึท ื’ื•ื˜ ืžืึธืจื’ืŸ! 
ื–ืึธื’ื˜, ื•ื•ืขืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ ืื™ืจ? 


ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ืžืœืืš ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ... 


245 


ื—ื™ื™ื 


ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืžืœืื›ื™ื 


ื—ื™ื™ื 


ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืžืœืืš 


ื—ื™ื™ื 


ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ืžื•ืช... 


ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืึท ื—ื›ื! 
ืžื™ืจ, ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ 
ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืžืœืื›ื™ื, 
ื”ื•ื™ืš ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ืžืœ 
ืื•ืŸ (ื”ื™ื™ื} ืื™ื– {...ืŸ 


ืงื•ืžื˜ ืื™ืจ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข 
ื™ืขืฆื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ? 
ื–ืึธืœ ืื™ืš ืขืก ืืฒึทืš 
ื˜ืึทืงืข ื’ืœื•ื™ื‘ืŸ 


ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื ืึธืจ ืื™ืŸ 
ืงื•ืจืฆืข ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ 

ื•ื™ ื–ืขื ื˜ ืื™ืจ 

ืึทืจืึธืคึผ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืจ'ืขืจื“ ื“ืึธ? 


ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืฑื™} ืฉื˜ืจืึทืœืŸ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ื•ืŸ 

ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืจ 
ื’ืขื›ืึทืคึผื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืื•ืŸ-- 


ื’ืึทืœืึธืคึผื• ื’ืึทืœืึธืคึผ - 
ืึทืจืึธืคึผ, ืึทืจื•ื ื˜ืขืจ... 
ืื™ื– ืึทื–ืฑ ื“ืขืŸ 

ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื“ืขืจ ืฐื•ึผื ื“ืขืจ? 


ื›'ื•ื•ืขืœ ื–ื™ืš, ื˜ืฒึทืขืจืข, 
ื ื™ื˜ ืฉืขืžืขืŸ - 
ื›'ื•ื•ืขืœ ืืฒื™ืš ื–ืึธื’ืŸ 
ื’ืึทื ืฅ ื“ืขื ืืžืช: 


2646 


ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ืžืœืืš 


ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืžืœืืš 


ื—ื™ื™ื 


ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ืžืœืืš 


ื—ื™ื™ื 


ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืžืœืืš 


ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ืžืœืืš 


ื—ื™ื™ื 


ืื™ืš, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ 
ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ, ืœื™ื‘ืข-- 
ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืื™ืš ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ 
ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ... 


ื ื™ื™ืŸ! ืžื™ืจ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ 
ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืฐืฒึทืœืŸ 

ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ 
ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ืฐืฒึทืœืข 


ื ืึธืจ ืฆื• ื“ื™ืจ, 
ืฆื• ื“ื™ืจ ืึทื”ืขืจ ืฆื• 
ื“ื™ืจ ืคืึทืจื–ื™ืกืŸ 
ื“ืฒึทื ืข ืฉืžืขืจืฆืŸ... 


ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ืจ 
ื’ืขื‘ืจืึทื›ื˜, ืงื•ืง ืึธืŸ-- ืขืก 


ืฐืึธืก, ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืฐืึธืก 


ืึท ืฉืœื—-ืžื ื•ืช... 
ืงืขื ืกื˜ ืขืก ื ืขืžืขืŸ! 


(ืคืึทืจืฐื•ึผื ื“ืขืจื˜, ื’ืœื•ื™ื‘ื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜) 

ื–ืึธื’ื˜, ืคืึทืจ ื•ื•ืขืžืขืŸ? 

ื–ืึธื’ื˜, ืคืึทืจ ื•ื•ืขืžืขืŸ? 

ืก'ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจ ื“ื™ืจ! 

ืก'ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจ ื“ื™ืจื™ 

(ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ืคืœื˜, ืงื•ืงื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืœืขืจ) 


ืก'ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจ ืžื™ืจ? 
447 


ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืžืœืืš 


ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ืžืœืืš 


ืคื™ืจ ืžืœืื›ื™ืžืœืขืš 


ื“ืจื™ื˜ืขืจ ืžืœืืš 


ืคืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืžืœืืš 


ื•ื•ืขืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš? 
ืฐืึธืก ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš? 

ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื’ื“, 

ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืš, 

ืื•ืŸ ืฆืขืœืึทื˜ืขื˜ 

ืื•ืŸ ืฆืขืจื™ืกืŸ 

ืื•ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื•ื™ื˜ ื ื™ื˜, 
ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืกืŸ! 

ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืขืžื“, 

ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืึธืง, 
ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื ืึทื›ื˜ 

ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’! 


ื ืขื ืžืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืขืœืขืจ: 
ื˜ืึธืจื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืงืจืขื! 
ื ืขื, ื“ืขืจ ืงื•ื›ืŸ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืึท ืฉื! 


ื ืขื ื ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ึทื™ื ืขื 
ืžืฒึทื ืขื ื ืขื! 

ืžืฒึทื ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืš 
ืื•ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ืงืจืขื! 


/ 


(ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจื“ืขืงื˜ืข ื˜ืขืœืขืจ ืฉืœื—-ืžื ื•ืช. ื˜ืึทื ืฆืŸ ืึท ืฉืœื—-ืžื ื•ืช-ื˜ืึทื ืฅ, ืจื™ื ื’ืœืขืŸ ืื™ื 


/ 


ืŸืฉื–ืคึผื ืขื˜ืขืจ} ืึทืจื•ื, ืฆืขืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืจืขื›ื˜ืก ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ื ืงืก) 


(ืคื•ืŸ ืจืขื›ื˜ืก) / 
ื ืขื ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืขืก! 


(ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืœื™ื ืงืก) 


ื ืขื ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ 
ื ืขื ืื•ืŸ ื ืขื! 


4248 


ืคื™ื ืคื˜ืขืจ ืžืœืืš 


ื–ืขืงืกื˜ืขืจ ืžืœืืš 


ืึทืœืข ืžืœืื›ื™ื 


ื—ื™ื™ื 


ื“ืจืฒึท ืžืœืื›ื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ืจืขื›ื˜ืก 
ื“ืจืฒึท ืžืœืื›ื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื ืงืก 


ื—ื™ื™ื 


ื“ื™ ืžืœืื›ื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ืจืขื›ื˜ืก 


ื ืขื ืื•ืŸ ืขืก ืขืก! 


ื ืขื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื, 
ืก'ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจ ื“ื™ืจ! 


(ืฉื˜ืจืขืงืŸ ืื™ื ืื•ื™ืก ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืœืขืจ) 


ื ืขื! ื ืขื! ื ืขื! 


(ื“ืขืจืฐื•ืฒึทื™ื˜ืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื–ืฒึทื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜) 
ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืึทืฐืขืง ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ 
ืฐืึธืก ืฉื ืขืœืขืจ, 

ื•ื•ืขืจ ื“ืึทืจืฃ ืืฒึทืขืจืข 
ื–ืขืงืก ื˜ืขืœืขืจ? 
ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ื–ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ 
ืคื•ืœ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืก, 

ื›'ืจื™ืจ ื–ื™ื™ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ 
ื”ืึทื ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืึธืŸ! 

ื ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฆื•ื ื’, 
ื ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฆืึธืŸ 
ื‘ื™ื– ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก ืฐืึธืก 
ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ ืื™ื–! 


ืฉืึธืงืึธืœืึทื“! 
ืžืึทืจืžืขืœืึทื“! 
ืœืึธื–ื˜ ืฆื• ืจื• ืžื™ืจ, 
ืœืึธื–ื˜ ืฆื• ืจื•ื™ 
ื ืขืžื˜ ืขืก ืฆื•ื™! 
ื ืขืžื˜ ืขืก ืฆื•! 


ื˜ื™ื™ื˜ืœืขืŸ ืคืจื™ืฉืข! 


4249 


ื“ื™ ืžืœืื›ื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื ืงืก 
ืคื•ืŸ ืจืขื›ื˜ืก 
ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื ืงืก 


ื—ื™ื™ื‘ 


ืคื™ื ืคื˜ืขืจ ืžืœืืš 


ื—ื™ื™ื 


ื–ืขืงืกื˜ืขืจ ืžืœืืš 


ื—ื™ื™ื 


ืคืฒึทื™ื’ืŸ ื–ื™ืกืข! 


ืึทื ืึทื ืึทืกืŸ! 


ืึทืคึผืจื™ืงืึธืกืŸ! 


ื•ื•ื•ืึทืจืคื˜ ืึทืœืฅ ืึธืคึผ) 

ืžืื›ืœื™ื 

ื’ื•ื˜ืข ื˜ืึทืŸืงืข), 

ืฉื™ื™ื ืข, ื–ื™ืกืข 

ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืฉืžืึทืงืข... 

ื ืึธืจ ืคืึทืจ ืžื™ืจ 

ืื™ื–'ืก ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืžืื›ืœ, 
ืžื™ืจ ื˜ื•ื˜ ืฐืฒึท 

ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื“ืึธืก ื‘ืฒึทื›ืœ... 


ื”ืึธื ื™ืง-ืงื•ื›ืŸ 
ืžืขื’ืกื˜'ืก ืคืึทืจื–ื•ื›ืŸ! 


ืฐืึธืก? ืฐืึธืก ื˜ื•ื™ื’ ืžื™ืจ 


ื”ืึธื ื™ืง-ืงื•ื›ืŸ? 


ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืงืึธื ืคืขืงื˜ืŸ, 
ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืจื™ืกืŸ! 


ืœืึธื–ื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืึธืคึผ ืžื™ืš 
ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ื–ื™ืกืŸ! 
ืœืึธื–ื˜ ืžื™ืš, ื›'ื•ื•ื™ืœ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ, 
ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื ื™ืกืŸ 

ืื•ืŸ ืขืก ื“ืึทืจืฃ ืืฒึทืš 
ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจื“ืจื™ืกืŸ... 


250 


ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืžืœืืš 


ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ืžืœืืš 


ื—ื™ื™ื 


ื“ืจื™ื˜ืขืจ ืžืœืืš 


ื—ื™ื™ื 


ืึทืœืข ืžืœืื›ื™ื 


ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืžืขืจืึทื ืฅ-- 
ืงื•ืง ืึธืŸ ืขืก, ื’ืจื•ื™ืก! 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืึทืจืฉืžืขืงื˜ ื“ืึธ 
ื•ื™ ืึท ืจื•ื™ื–. 


ื“ื™ ืžืึทื ื“ืึทืจื™ื ืงืข ื ืขื 
ื ื™ื˜ ืคื•ื™ืœ ื–ื™ืš, 

ื–ื™ ืฆืขื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืึทืœืฒืŸ 

ืื™ืŸ ืžื•ื™ืœ ื–ื™ืš... 


(ืœืึทื›ื˜) 

ื’ื™ื˜ ืึท ื–ืึทื˜ืŸ 
ืคึผืึธืžืขืจืึทื ืฆืŸ 

ืื•ืŸ ืึท ืฉื™ื›ึผื•ืจืŸ 
ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื˜ืึทื ืฆืŸ! 

ืื•ืŸ ืึท ื”ื•ื ื’'ืจื™ืงืŸ 
ืœืึธื–ื˜ ืึธืคึผ, 

ืฐืึธืก ืคืึทืจื“ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ 
ืžื™ืจ ื“ืขื ืงืึธืคึผ?! 


ื ืขื ืึทืŸ ืขืคึผืœ, 
ื’ื™ื‘ ืึท ื‘ื™ืก! 


ืœืึธื– ื–ืฉืข ืึธืคึผ ืžื™ืš, 
ืœืึธื– ื–ืฉืข ืึธืคึผ ืžื™ืš, 
ื›'ื‘ืขื˜ ืื™ื™ืš, 

ื ื™ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจื“ืจืฒื˜ 
ื“ืขื ืงืึธืคึผ ืžื™ืจ... 


ื ืขื ื ืึธืจ, ื ืขื ื ืึธืจ, 
ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืฉืขื ื–ื™ืš! 


251 


ื—ื™ื™ื 


ืื™ืจ ืžืขื’ื˜ ืึทืœืข 

ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืœืึทื›ืŸ, 

ื›'ื•ื•ื™ืœ ื ื™ื˜, ื›'ื•ื•ื™ืœ ื ื™ื˜ 
ื“ื™ ืึธ ื–ืึทื›ืŸ! 


ื“ื™ ืึธ ื–ืึทื›ืŸ-- 

ื•ื™ ืคืึทืจ ื•ื•ืขืžืขืŸ... 
ื›'ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคืฒึทื™ื’ ื ื™ื˜ 
ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ื™ื™ื˜ืœ.-- 


ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืจ ื’ื™ื˜ ืžื™ืจ 
ื™ืขืฆื˜ ืึท ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืœ 
ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืื™ืš ื ืขืžืขืŸ, 
ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืื™ืš ื ืขืžืขืŸ... 


ื›'ื‘ื™ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืึธืจืขื ื™ื™ึดื ื’ืœ, ื–ืขื˜: 
ืžืฒึทื ืข ื‘ืึทืงืŸ ื’ืึธืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืขื˜... 


ื–ืขื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื‘ื’ื“, ื–ืขื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืจืขืงืœ-- 
ืก'ื”ืขื ื’ื˜ ืึทืจืึธืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืึท ื–ืขืงืœ... 
ืื™ื–'ืก ืึท ืžืœื‘ื•ืฉ ืฆื™ ืึท ืฉืžืึทื˜ืข? 
ืฆื™ ืึท ืœืึทื˜ืข ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ืœืึทื˜ืข... 

ื“ืึธ ืึท ื’ืจืึธืข, ื“ืึธ ืึท ื‘ืœืึธืข 


ื“ืึธ ืึท ื”ืขืœืข, ื“ืึธ ืึท ื’ืขืœืข... 
ืึทื– ืžืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืึทื˜ืข ืžืฉื”-ืžืขื ื“ืœ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืงื•ื™ืคื˜ ืื™ื ื‘ืฒึท ืึท ื”ืขื ื“ืœืขืจ - 
ืื™ื– ืขืจ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฆืขืจื™ืกืŸ... 
ืึทืš, ืžืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืึทื˜ืข, ื“ืึทืจืคื˜ ืื™ืจ ื•ื™ืกืŸ 
ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขืงื•ื™ืคื˜ ืคืึทืจ ืžื™ืจ ืึท ื ืฒึทืขื-- 
ื ืึธืจ ืึท ื ืฒึทืขืจ ืงืึธืกื˜ ื“ืึธืš ื˜ืฒึทืขืจ! 
ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืึทื ืขืŸ, ื–ืึธื’ื˜, ืื™ืš ื‘ืขื˜ ืืฒึทืš 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืึทื˜ืข ืคึผืขื˜ื™-ืžืขื˜ื™? 

252 


ื˜ืึทื˜ืข-ืžืึทืžืข 


ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึทื˜ืข 


ื“ื™ ืžืึทืžืข 


ื“ื™ ืžืœืื›ื™ื 


ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึทื˜ืข 


ื“ื™ ืžืึทืžืข 


ื—ื™ื™ื 


ืคึผืขื˜ื™-ืžืขื˜ื™, ื›ึผืกืฃ-- ืžืžืฉ -- 

ืึทื– ืžืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืึทื˜ืข ืื™ื– ืึท ืฉืžืฉ, 

ืื•ืŸ ืึท ืฉืžืฉื‚ื˜ืข ื“ื™ ืžืึทืžืข.- 

ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข, ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื–ื™ื™ ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ 

ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ 

ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืึธื ื‘ืฒึทืกืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ ืฐืึทืจืžืขืก, 
ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืึธืœืขื›ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึทืจื˜ืึธืคืœ-- 
ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ื“ืึธืก ืžื•ื™ืœ ืื™ื– ืึธืคืŸ, ืึธืคืŸ... 
ืื™ืš ืฐื•ื™ืœ ืขืกืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื ืึทืฉืŸ, 

ืื•ืŸ ืึท ื”ืขืžื“ ืฆื•ื ืœืฒึทื‘ ื’ืขืฐืึทืฉืŸ... 


(ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ) 

(ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื‘ืจื•ื™ื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื—ื™ื™ืžืขืŸ ืฆื•ื ืจืขื›ื˜ืŸ) 

(ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื”ืขืžื“ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื—ื™ื™ืžืขืŸ ืฆื•ื ืœื™ื ืงืŸ) 

(ื˜ืจืขื˜ืŸ ืึท ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืึธืคึผ, ืฆื•ืœืึธื–ื ื“ื™ืง ื“ื™ ืขืœื˜ืขืจืŸ ืฆื•ื ื–ื•ืŸ) 


ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขื‘ืจืึทื›ื˜ ืึท ื‘ืจื•ื™ื˜, ื“ื™ืจ ื—ื™ื™ื, 
ืึท ืฉืœื—-ืžื ื”! 


ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืคืึทืจ ื“ื™ืจ ืึท ื”ืขืžื“ ืึท ื ืฒึทืข 
ืึท ืžืชึผื ื”! 


(ื ืฆืžื˜ ื“ืขื ื‘ืจื•ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืึทื ื˜, ื“ืึธืก ื”ืขืžื“ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืขืจ) 
ืึท ืฉื™ื™ื ืขื ื“ืึทื ืง ืืฒึทืš, ื˜ืึทื˜ืข-ืžืึทืžืข, 

ืคึผืึทืจ ื“ืขื ื”ืขืžื“ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขื ื‘ืจื•ื™ื˜! 

ืื™ืจ, ืžืœืื›ื™ืžืœืขืš, ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ 

ืึธ ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ื˜ ื–ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื ื•ื™ื˜... 

ืก'ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฆืŸ ืคืจืขืžื“ ืืฒึทืš ืคืจืขืžื“ 

ืฐืึธืก ืขืก ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืคืึทืจ ืึธืจื™ืžืข ื‘ืจื•ื™ื˜ 

ืื•ืŸ ืึท ืจื™ื™ื ืข ืฐืฒึทืกืข ื”ืขืžื“! 


253 


ืึทืจื™ื™ื ืคื™ืจ 18 


ืึท ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ-ืœื™ื“ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉ. ืึธืŸ ืึท ื“ืึทื˜ืข. ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื“ืึธ ืฆื•ื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜. ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช 
ืฐืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืฉื™ื™ืš ืฆื• ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ื™ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขื’ืœืขื›ืข ื“ืึทื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ "ืฉืœื—-ืžื ื•ืช" (ื–ืข ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืึทืจืฒึทื ืคื™ืจ ืฆื• 
ื ื•ืž' 17), ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืึธ ืึธื ื ืขืžืœืขืš ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืข ืฐืึธืก ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืฐื™ ืึท ื”ืฉืขืจื” ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืคื•ึนืŸ ื›ืชื‘ื™ื 
ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื, ืชืฉื›"ื˜, ื ื•ืž' 20: ืึทืจื•ื ื™"ื“ ืื“ืจ ืชืฉ"ื 132ื˜ืขืจ ืžืขืจืฅ 1941 (ืคืึทืจื’ืœืฒึทืš ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ืžืขื ื˜ืึทืœืก 
ืจืฉื™ืžื”, ื ื•ืž' 10). 

ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ืคืึทืจืžืึธื’ื˜ 69 ืฉื•ืจื•ืช, ืฆืขื˜ื™ื™ืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ 17 ืกื˜ืจืึธืคืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ืคื™ืจ ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืš ืื™ื™ืŸ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ืื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืงืข 
ืฉื•ืจื”. ืึท ืงื•ืจืฆืข ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืœื™ื“, ืึท ื‘ื™ืกืœ ื’ืขืขื ื“ืขืจื˜. , ืžื™ื˜ 24 ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืฆืขื˜ื™ื™ืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืขืงืก ืกื˜ืจืึธืคืขืก ืคื•ืŸ 
ืคื™ืจ ืฉื•ืจื•ืช, ื’ืขืคื™ื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื™.ืง. -ืึทืจื›ื™ื•ื• ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ืœื•ื—ืžื™ ื”ื’ื™ื˜ืื•ืช -- ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืึทื ื•ืกืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืขืœ- 
ืชึผืงื•ืคื”. ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ืžืขื ื˜ืึทืœืก ืจืฉื™ืžื” ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืขืœ-ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืข ืคืึทืจืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืฆื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืงืึธืจืคึผื•ืก ืคื•ืŸ 
ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ (ื–ืข: ื“ืึธืจื˜, ื ื•ืž' 11); ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึธืจื™ื’ื™ื ืขืœืขืจ ืงืึทืจื˜ืึธื˜ืขืง ืคื•ืŸ ื™.ืง.-ืึทืจื›ื™ื•ื• ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ืœื•ื—ืžื™ 
ื”ื’ื™ื˜ืื•ืช, ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขื ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื ื—ืžืŸ ื‘ืœื•ืžืขื ื˜ืึทืœืŸ ืึทืœื™ื™ืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ืคืึทืจืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื•ื™ ื’ืขื”ืขืจื™ืง ืฆื•ื 
ืึธืคึผื˜ืฒืœ ื–ื ื•ื ืคื•ืŸ ื™.ืง.-ืืจื›ื™ื•ื•, ืก'ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืขืœ ืžืึทื˜ืขืจื™ืึทืœืŸ. ื“ืขืจ ืงื•ืจืฆืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืขืœ-ื ื•ืกื— ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืจื˜ 
ืคืึทืจืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื ื•ืžืขืจ 10178/ื–ื•ื–ื, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืš 411/10174. ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืงื•ืจืฆืขืจ ื ื•ืกื— ืฐืขื˜ 
ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจ, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืคึผืœืึทื ื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืœืขืจ ืืฑืกื’ืึทื‘ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืขืœ-ื•ื•ืขืจืง. 
ื“ืขืจ ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ-ื ื•ืกื— ืื™ื– ืจืขื’ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื™.ืง. -ืึทืจื›ื™ื•ื• ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ืœื•ื—ืžื™ ื”ื’ื™ื˜ืื•ืช, ืžื™ื˜ืŸ 
ื ื•ืžืขืจ 1/1017ื–ื. ื“ื™ ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ื•ืึทืฆื™ืข -- ื•ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“. 

ื“ื™ ืื™ื“ืขื ื˜ื™ืคื™ืฆื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืึทืฆื™ื™ื”ืขืจืฉืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉ ืึทืœื˜-ื‘ืึทืงืึทื ื˜ืŸ ืขืžืœืง, ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ 
ื‘ืึทื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืขืžืœืง-ืžืึธื˜ื™ื•ื• ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ืึท ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ื˜ืจืึทื“ื™ืฆื™ืึธื ืขืœืขืจ ืคึผืึทืจืึทืœืขืœ ืื•ืŸ ืึท 
ืกื™ืžื‘ืึธืœ ืคืึทืจ ืฉื‚ื ืืช-ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ-- ืึทืœืข ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ-ืฉื‚ื•ื ืื™ื ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืขืžืœืง. ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขืจืขื ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืคึผื•ืจื™ื- 
ืœื™ื“ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืื™ื“ืขื ื˜ื™ืคื™ืฆื™ืจื•ื ื’ ื ืึธืš ืžืขืจ ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ืึทืจืงื˜, ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื™ืกื•ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืžื ืก ืื’ื“ื”ืฉืขืจ ืฆื•ื’ืขื”ืขืจื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• 
ื“ื™ ืขืžืœืงื™ื -- ื”ืžืŸ ื‘ืŸ ื”ืžื“ืชื ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžื–ืจืข ืื’ื’ ื“ืขืจ ืžืœืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืžืœืงื™ื (ื–ืข: ืกืคืจ ื”ืื’ื“ื”, ื—ืœืง ื', ื–ื–' 
4 -- 138). ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคึผื•ืจื™ื ืœื™ื“ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขืžืึทื›ื˜ ืึท ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืขืจ ืคึผืึทืจืึทืœืขืœ ืฐืึธืก ื“ื™ื ื˜ ื•ื™ ืึท ืžืงื•ืจ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื”ืึธืคืขื ื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื ื—ืžื” ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืžืฆื‘ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ: ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ืึทื–ืฑ ื•ื™ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึทืจืฆืฒึทื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ื”ืžืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ืคืึทืจื ื™ื›ื˜ืŸ ืึท ืคืึธืœืง ืึท ื’ืึทื ืฆืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืื™ื– ืขืจ ืึทืœื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ืจืึธืคื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืคืึธืœืง ืื™ื– 
ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืœื™ื™ื–ื˜, ืึทื–ืฑ ืื™ื– ืฆื• ื“ืขืจืฐืึทืจื˜ืŸ ืึทื– ืก'ืฐื•ืขื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืžืึธื“ืขืจื ืขื ืขืžืœืง ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขืฉืขืŸ ื•ืฉืœื•ื ืขืœ 
ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ. ืึทื–ืึท ืœื™ื“, ืžื™ื˜ ืึทื–ืึท ื˜ืจืึทื“ื™ืฆื™ืึธื ืขืœืŸ ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืŸ ืงื•ืง ืื™ื– ืื•ืžืžืขื’ืœืขืš ื’ืขื•ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจ ื™ืฆื—ืง 
ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืขืŸ ืึธื ืฆื•ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ ืคึผื•ืจื™ื ืชืฉ"ื‘, ืฆื™ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ (ืคืึทืจื’ืœืฒึทืš ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืงื•ืจืฆืŸ ื ื•ืกื— ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ 
ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืขืœ). 


254 


ืฉื™ืจ ืœึฐืคื•ึผืจึดื™ื 


ืคึผื•ึผืจ -- ืคึผื•ึผืจ -- ืคึผื•ึผืจึดื™ื 
ืคึผื•ึผืจึดื™ื ืžึตืื™? 

ื™ื•ึนื ืฉึถืœ ืฉึดื‚ืžึฐื—ึธื” 

ืขึทื“ ื‘ึฐึผืœึดื™ ื“ึธื™... 


ื™ื•ึนื ืฉึถืœ ืฉึดื‚ืžึฐื—ึธื” 
ืžึดืชึผื•ึนืšึฐ ื—ึดื™ืœ -- 
ื”ึธื™ื” ื”ึธื™ึธื” 

ืžึถืœึถืšึฐ ื›ึฐึผืกึดื™ืœ.. 


ื™ื•ึนื ืฉึธืœ ืฉึดื‚ืžึฐื—ึธื” 
ืžึดืชึผื•ึนืšึฐ ื›ืึธื‘ -- 
ื”ึธื™ึธื” ืžึถืœึถืš 
ื—ึฒืกึตืจ"ืœึตื‘... 


ึฐืœึทืžึถืœึถืš 
ื”ึธื™ึธื” ืฉึถื‚ืจ- 
ืขึทืžึธืœึดื™ืงื™, 
ืฆื•ึนืจึตืจ, ืขึถืจ! 


ื–ึถื” ื”ึทืžึถืœึถืšึฐ 
ื”ึทื˜ึทื›ึธืœ-- 


ื”ื•ึผื ืึถืช ื”ึธืžึถืŸ 
ื”ึธืงึดื™ื ืขึธืœ... 


ืึดื™ืฉ ื‘ึฐึผืœึฐื™ึทืขึทืœ 
ืึธื“ึถื ืฉึตืื“-. 
ื‘ึดึผืงึตึผืฉื ืื•ึนืชึฒื  
ืœึฐืึทื‘ึธึผื“ 


ืžึดืฆึฐื—ื•ึน ื ื—ึนืฉึถืช 
ืœึธื‘ึผื•ึน ืฆื•ึผืจ 
ื–ึธืžึทื ื”ึทื•ื•ึนืช, 
ื”ึดืคึดึผื™ืœ ืคึผื•ึผืจ -- 


ื”ื•ื ื”ื’ื•ึนืจึธืœ 

ื”ึธื™ื” ืžึฐืกื•ึนืก 
ื”ื•ึผื-ื”ื•ึผื ื™ึดืฉึฐืชึธึผื”, 
ื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืชึธึผ ื”ึทื›ึผื•ึนืก... 


ืฉึทืื—ึทืช ื›ึธึผืจึธื” 
ึทื™ึทื—ึฐืคึนึผืจ-- 

ื•ึทื™ึดืคึนึผืœ ื‘ึผื•ึน-- 
ืขึธืžึนืง ื‘ึผื•ึนืจ! 


ืคึผื•ึผืจ! ื‘ึฐึผืคื•ึผืจื™ื 
ืึดื™ืจึทืข ื’ึทืก-- 
ืœื ื”ึทืžึถืœึถืšึฐ 
ืขึทืœ ื”ึทื›ึทึผืก-- 


ืึทื”ึฒื‘ึทืช ืึถืกึฐืชึตึผืจ 
ื•ึผืžึธืจึฐื“ึฐื›ึธื™ - 
ื”ึดื™ื ื”ื•ึนืฉึดืื™ืขึธื” 


| ืขึทื ืึถืœ ื—ึธื™! 


ืคึผื•ึผืจ -- ืคึผื•ึผืจ -- ืคึผื•ึผืจึดื™ื 
ืคึผื•ึผืจึดื™ื ืžึตืื™? 

ืฉึทืืœึทึผื— ืžึธื ื•ึนืช, 

ื”ึธื‘ึธื” ืฉื™ 


255 


ืฉึทืื™ ืœึฐืขึธื ึดื™ 

ึผืœึฐื›ึธืœ ื“ึถึผืš - 
ื‘ึดึผืจึฐื›ึทึผืช ื—ึทื™ึดื™ื 
ืฉึถืืœึทื— ืœื•ึน, ืฉึฐืืœึทื—! 


ื›ึทืจึฐื›ื•ึนืชึธื™ืš 

ืฉึถืœึทื— ึนื‘= - 
ึทืคึผื•ึผืจ -- ืคึผื•ึผืจ-- ืคึผื•ึผืจึดื™ืกืŸ 
ึทื™ื•ื ื–ึถื” ื˜ื•ึนื‘.ืŸ 


ื“ื’ ื‘ึทืžึทื™ื {- } 
ืขื•ึนืฃ ืขึทืœ ื•ึทื’ึธื’-- } 
ื”ึทื›ึนึผืœ ื•ึทื™ื•ึนื“ึฐืขึดื™ื:| 
ืคึผื•ึผืจึดื™ื ื—ึธื’. 


ืžึฐืกื•ึนืฃ ืขื•ึนืœึธื 
ื•ึฐืขึทื“ ืกื•ืฃ -- 
ื”ึทื›ึนึผืœ ื™ื•ึนื“ึฐืขึดื™ื: 
ื™ื•ื ื”ื•ื ื˜ื•ึนื‘. 


ื›ึผื•ึนื›ึธื‘ึตื ื•ึผ -- 
ืžึธืจื•ึนื, ืฉืื•ึผืจ! 
ืฉึธื‚ื•ึฐื, ืขึทืžึธืœึตืง, 


ืชึทึผืคึดึผื™ืœ ืคึผื•ึผืจ! 


ืคึผื•ึผืจ -- ืคึผื•ึผืจ -- ืคึผื•ึผืจึดื™ื. 


26 


ืึทืจื™ื™ื ืคื™ืจ 19 


ืึท ื“ืจืึทืžืึทื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืžืึธื ืึธืœืึธื’ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืจืึทืžืขืŸ. ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื“ืึธ ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ืฆื•ื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืžืึธืœ. ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขื ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ืŸ 
ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืึทื ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืึทืœื‘-ืฆืขืคื•ื™ืœื˜ืŸ ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื“ืขืฉื™ืคืจื™ืจื˜ ื“ืึธ ืฆื•ื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืžืึธืœ, ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ 
ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืึท ืกืš ื‘ืœื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜. ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืึธืคึผื’ืขื”ื™ื˜ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืคื™ืจืงืึทื ื˜ื™ืงืข ืงืœืึทืžืขืจืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธืคึผืึธืจืฅ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืฐืึธืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขืœื™ื™ืขื ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ. ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืข ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคืึทืจืึทืŸ. ืื™ืŸ 
ื‘ืœื•ืžืขื ื˜ืึทืœืก ืจืฉื™ืžื”, ื ื•ืž' 9, ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื•ื™ ืึท ื”ืฉืขืจื” -- ื“ืึธืก ื™ืึธืจ 1940; ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืคื•ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ื™ื 
ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื, ืชืฉื›"ื˜ ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืขืจื” ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคืึทืจืึทืŸ, ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืึธื ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ, ืึทื– "ื”ืึทื ื“ืœ" ืื™ื– 
ืคืึธืจื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ืจืึทืžืงืจืฒึทื– (ื“ืึธืจื˜, ื–' 365), ืก'ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ -- ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคืจื™ึดืขืจ ื•ื™ ื ืึธื•ื•ืขืžื‘ืขืจ 1940. 
ื“ืขืจ ื”ืฑืคึผื˜ื”ืขืœื“ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฐืึธืก ื“ืขืงืœืึทืžื™ืจื˜ ื“ืขื ืžืึธื ืึธืœืึธื’ ืื™ื– ืฐื™ ืขืก ื–ืขื˜ ืื•ื™ืก, ืึทืœืฒืŸ ืึท ืคึผืœื™ื˜ (ื–ืข ืื™ืŸ 
ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ื–' 459).. ืขืจ ืœืขื‘ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึธืคึผืงืฑืคืŸ ืึทืœื˜ืข ื–ืึทื›ืŸ ื‘ื™ ื“ื™ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ืืฒื™ื ืฐืฑื ืขืจ ื›ึผื“ื™ ืขืก ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ ืฆื• 
ืคืึทืจืงื•ื™ืคืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข. ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ, ืึทืœืฒื™ืŸ ืึท ืคึผืœื™ื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข ื’ืขืœืขื‘ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืžืฉืคึผื—ื”, ืื•ื™ืš ืคึฟื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขื ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืึทืจืงื•ื™ืคื˜ (ื–ืข: ืื•ื•.), 

ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ื™ืึธืจ 1941 ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜ืขืจ ืคืึทืจื˜ืจื™ื‘ืขื ืข ืึธื ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ. ื“ืึธืก ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฆื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืคึผืจื ืกื” 
ื“ื•ืจื›ืŸ ืคืึทืจืงืฑืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ื–ืึทื›ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืจื›ื•ืฉ ืฐืึธืก ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื‘ืจืึทื›ื˜. ืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจืงื•ื™ืคื˜ ืึทืœืฅ, ืึทืคึดื™ืœื• 
ืฉืžืึทื˜ืขืก, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจื ื™ืฆื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืคึผืึทืคึผื™ืจ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ื™ืœ. ื•ื™ ืžื™ืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืžืฉืขืจ ื‘ืึทืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื˜ 
ื™ืง. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื“ืจืึทืžืึทื˜ื™ืฉืŸ ืžืึธื ืึธืœืึธื’ ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืชึผืงื•ืคื” ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืœื™ื˜ื™ื-ืึธื ืงื•ื ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ. ืื•ื™ืฃ 
ื“ืขืจ ืกืฆืขื ืข, ืฐืึธืก ืฐืฒึทื™ื–ื˜ ืึท ื”ื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืžืขืก ืฆืขื ื˜ืขืจ ืขืก ื“ืขืงืœืึทืžื™ืจื˜ ืึท ื”ืขื ื“ืœืขืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืžืึธื ืึธืœืึธื’ 
ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื™ื›ืข ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจ, ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืึทืจืฒึทื ื’ืขื‘ืจืึทื›ื˜ ืื™ืŸ "ื”ืึทื ื“ืœ" ืื•ื™ืš ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข ื“ืจืึทืžืึทื˜ื™ืฉืข ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช. ื•ื™ ืขืก ื–ืขึทื˜ 
ืื•ื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืึทืœื‘ืข ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ืฒึทื˜ 466, ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืึธื ื˜ืฒืœ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’: ื“ื™ "ืืฒึทื ื•ื•ื•ื™ื ืขืจ" -- ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ื ืึทืจืึธืคึผ ื“ื™ ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ืฆื•ื ืคึฟืึทืจืงืฑืคืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทืฐืฒึทื–ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืš 
ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื ืข. ืึท ืคืึธืจื’ืขืงื•ืžืขื ืข ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ-ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ "ื”ืึทื ื“ืœ" ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ 
ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ ื‘ืฒึท ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ: ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ืคื•ื ืขื ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื”ืจื’ืขื˜ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืคึผืึธืœืง, ื–ื™ 88 (ื–ืข ืื•ื™ืš 
ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ, ืื™ืŸ ืึทืจืฒึทื ืคื™ืจ ืฆื• ื ื•ืž' 27), 

ืœืฑื˜ ื›ืชื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื, ืชืฉื›"ื˜, ื–' 365, ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืœื•ื˜ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ื‘ืึทืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ืขืจ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ-ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืคึฟืึธืจื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช-ื™ืชื•ืžื™ื ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ื•ื“ 
ื“ืึธืžื‘ืจืึธื•ืกืงื™, ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜-- ืžืขื’ ืžืขืŸ ืžืฉืขืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืึทื– "ื”ืึทื ื“ืœ" ืื™ื– ืคึฟืึธืจื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืžืขืจ 
ื•ื™ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ืกืฒึท ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืจืึทืžืงืจืฒึทื– ืื•ืŸ ืกืฒึท ืคื•ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ-ื™ืชื•ืžื™ื. 

ื“ืขืจ ืžืึธื ืึธืœืึธื’ "ื”ืึทื ื“ืœ", ืื™ื– ืึท ื“ืจืึทืžืึทื˜ื™ื–ืึทืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœื˜ืฐืึทืจื’- ืื•ืŸ ืฉืžืึทื˜ืข-ื”ืขื ื“ืœืขืจืก ืจื•ืฃ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื”ื•ื™ืคืŸ: "ื”ืึทื ื“ืœ", ืึท ืจื•ืฃ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ืงื•ืœ. ื“ืขืจ ื”ืึทื ื“ืœืึทืจื–ืฉ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืงืึทื ื˜ืข ื˜ืึธื’-ื˜ืขื’ืœืขื›ืข 
ืคื™ื’ื•ืจ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ืžืœื—ืžื”. ื“ืขืจ ืžืงื•ืจ ืคึฟืึทืจืŸ ืื™ื ื”ืึทืœื˜ ืคึฟื•ืŸ "ื”ืึทื ื“ืœ" ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ืึธืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื’ืขืฉืึทืคืขื ืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธื“ืฐื™ืจืงืœืขื›ืงืฒื™ื˜ ื ืึธืจ ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœื˜ืึธื ืก ื™ื•ื’ื ื˜-ืื™ื‘ืขืจืœืขื‘ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื•ื™ ื–ื™ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ 
ืฆื•ื ืื•ื™ืกื“ืจื•ืง ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉืขืจ ืคึผืึธืขื–ื™ืข, ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ืฆืฐืึทื ืฆื™ืงืกื˜ืŸ ื™ืึธืจื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ (ืคึผืจื˜ื™ื ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืคืึธืจื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ "ื”ืึทื ื“ืœ", ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึฟืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’, ื–ืข ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืึทืœื’ืขืžืฒื ืขื ืึทืจืฒึทื ืคึฟื™ืจ 
ื–ื–' 72-- 73). 

ื“ืขืจ ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“ ื’ืขืคื™ื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื™.ืง-ืึทืจื›ื™ื•ื• ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ืœื•ื—ืžื™ ื”ื’ื™ื˜ืื•ืช, ืจืขื’ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ืจื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื ื•ืž' 411/1009. 


257 


ื”ืึทื ื“ืœ 


1 | - } ืื™ืš ืึท ื™ื™ึธื“, ืื•ืŸ ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ 
| | } ืื•ืŸ ืงืฐืึทืจ 

1 ื›}ืงืข ื–ื™ืš, -- ืฉื˜ื™ืœ 
{ืฐื™ ืึธืŸ ืึท ืฆื™ืœ,} 

ืึทื–ืฑ ืฐื™ ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜ ืื•ื™ืกืŸ, 

ื• } ืžื™ื™ืŸ, 

| ื– 

| ื™ื–ืงืขืจ ืึทืŸืœื–ื™ื™ืŸ 

ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื”ื•ื™ืฃ (ืึทืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ, 

ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืžื•ื™ืขืจืŸ ืฐื™ ืจื™ื–ืŸ -- 


ืื•ืŸ {ืื•ื™ืฃ }: ื”ืึทื ื“ืœ! 

ื ืื™ืšืŸ 

ืึท ื™ื™ึดื“ 

ื ื™ืฉื˜ { ื–ื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืง, (ืึทืŸ ืฐืึธืจืขื 

ื’ืขืœ { } ื’ืจื™ืŸ 

| ืŸ} ื•ืคึผืึทื–ืžื ืขื–ืœื•ืขืšืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื”ื•ื™ืฃ, 
ืžื™ื˜ { } ืึท ืœื™ื™ื“ื™ืงืก ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ืึธืจืขื-- 


1 ื˜} ื–ื™ืš ื ื“ื™ื ื˜ืฉื–ื™ืง-ื“ื™ืŸ 

ืึทื‘ึผืฑ { }ืึท ื•ื“ื–ื™ื ืก ืื™ืŸ ืกืึทืžืข ืžื™ื˜, 
ืึท ื™ื™ึดื“ื• 
1 } ื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืฐื™ ืึท ืคืืŸ }| ืึท ื‘ืขืจื“ืœ ืฉืคึผื™ืฆื™ืง, 
ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ, ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ื‘ื˜ ืขืจ (ืื•ื™ืฃืŸ 

ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื•ื•ืŸ { 

ืึท !ืคึผื–ึฐืึธืจ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื‘ืœื™ืฆื™ืง, 

{ ืš}, ื”ืขื›ืขืจ ื ืึธืš ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื™{ื‘ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ} ืขื˜ืึทื–ืฉ, 

ื”ื•ื™ืš ื”ืขื›ืขืจ 

ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืึทืœืข ื“ืขื›ืขืจ, 

ืฆื•ื ื”ื™ืžืœ ืึทื–ืฉ, 

ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืจื•ืฃ ืึท ืžื•ืจืื“ื™ืงืŸ: ื”ืึทื ื“ืœ! 


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ื”ืึทื ื“ืœ! 

ืึท ื”ื•ื™ืฃ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืงืึทื˜ืึธืฐืขืก-- 

ืึท ืžืฑืขืจ ืึท ืคื™ืจืงืึทื ื˜ื™ืงืข ืžื™ื˜ ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจ 

ื•ื•'ืึท ืžืœืืš-ื”ืžื•ื•ืช 

ืคื•ืœ ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ... 

ืื™ืš ืงื•ืง ื ื™ื˜ ืœื›ืชึผื—ื™ืœื” 

ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื˜ื•ื ืงืขืœืข ืื•ืŸ ืงืึทืœื˜ืข ืฉื•ื™ื‘ืŸ { } 

ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืข ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขื”ื•ื•ื™ื‘ืŸืŸ 

ื•ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืœื™ื™ื“ื™ืงืข, ืึท ืงืึทืœื˜ืข ืฉื•ืŸืœ } 

ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืคืœื•ื™ื’ืŸ | 

ื”ืขื˜-- 

ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ, ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ, ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ! 

ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืชึผืคื™ืœื”, 

ืึท ื’ืขื‘ืขื˜: 

ื”ืึทื ื“ืœ! 

ื’ืขื‘ืจืึธื›ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฆืขืฆื•ื™ื’ืŸ: 

ื”ืึทื ื“ืœ! 

ืžื™ื˜ ื˜ืจืขืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื•ื™ ืื•ื–ื™ื’ืŸ: 

ื”ืึทื ื“ืœ! 

ื“ืขืจ ืขืจ{ืฉื˜ืขื–ืจ "ื”ืึทื ื“ืŸืœ"} ืžืฒึทื ืขืจ ืื™ื– |ืฆื–ื• ื’ืึธื˜ 
"ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื—ืกื“, ื˜ืึทื˜ืข-ืคืŸืึธื˜ืขืจ, ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขื ืึธื“! { } 
ืึท ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ื”ื•ื™ืฃ, ืึท {ื‘}ืจื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ, ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืขื™ืŸ-ื”ืจืข 
ื•ืคืึทืจืžืึทื–ื›ื˜ืข ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืžืขื˜ื•ื-- ืึท ืกื‘ืจื”, 
{ }ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ื ืคืึทืจืึทื ืขืŸ? 
1 } ืึท ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ื˜ืึทืงืข, ืึธืŸ ืึท ื™ืึธื“ืขืจ... 

ื ืคื•ืŸ ืฐื•/ืึทื ืขืŸ ื–ืฉืข, ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืึทื ืขืŸ 

{ } ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ืฉื•ืขื”, ื˜ืึทื˜ืข-ืคืึธื˜ืขืจ! 
(ึธื”ืึทื–ื ื“ืœ!" 

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ื™ื–ืš ืึท ื™ื™ึดื“, {ืึท ืคืจืขืžื“ืขืจ! ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืึทืจืฒึทื™ื ื’ืขื‘ืœืึธื ื“ื–ืฉืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืคืจืขืžื“ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืฃ 
ื•ื™ ืึท ื™ื™ื“ ืึท ืคืจืขืžื“ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืคืจืขืžื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜: 


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ื•ื™ ืขืก ืคืึทืœื˜ ืึท ืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ-ืกื•ืฃ 
ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืคืจืขืžื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ 
ืึทืจืฒึทื ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ, ื–ื™ืš ืึทืฐืขืงื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜, 
ืึท ื–ื™ึทื™ืœ-- 

ื• } ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜, 
ื’ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืึทืงืกืœ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื•ืฆื•ืงืŸ, 
ื ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืงืึทืจืง -- 

1 } ืึทื–ืฑ ืึท ืฐืฒึทืœ.- 

1 } ืงื•ืง! ืงื•ืง! 

| } ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืฃ, ืึท ืฐื™ืกื˜ืข! 
ื–}ืงืฒ! ื }- 

1 } ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ -- 

1 } ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ื–-- ืึท ื‘ืึทืจื’! 

ืึท ืคืขืœื“ื–! ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ -- 

{ } ื’ืึธื˜ืขื ื™ื•, ื•ืึธืŸ ื’ืึธื˜-- 

ื•ื•ื•ื•ึผืŸ ื‘ื™ืกื˜ื•? 

ื•ึทื”ืึทื–ื ื“ืœ, ื’ืึธื˜, ืึธ ื”ืึทื ื“ืœ! 


1 ื”ื–ืึธืกื˜ ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ืžื™ืš ื’ืึธื˜, 

ื™ืึธ, ื“ื•ื™ 

ืึท ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ 

ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืคึผืœื•ืŸืฆื™ื) ื–ื™ืš ืึทืŸ ืขืคืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ! 

ืื•ืŸ... ืึท ืคืึทืจืŸืžืึทืš} ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•-- 

ื”ืึทื ื“ืœ! 

ืื™ืš {ื’ื–ื™ื‘ ื˜ืฉืขืงืึทืฐืกืŸ ืึท ืงื•ืง ืึทื”ื™ืŸ ืึทืจืฑืฃ, 

ืฐืึทืจืฃ ืึท ื“ืขืจืฉืจืึธืงืขื ืขื ื‘ืœื™ืง-- 

ืคืึทืจ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืขืคื ื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜ {ืึทืŸ ืคืขืŸื ืฆื˜ืขืจืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคืึทืจืžืึทื›ื˜ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง? 

ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืžืขืฆืขืจ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื‘!ืึทืœื“ืŸ 
ื”ืึทื ื“ืœ! 


ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ ื”ืึทื ื“ืœ, 
ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ื’ื•ื˜ ืžืึธืจื’ืŸ ื–ืึธ{ื’ืŸ ืืฒึทืšืŸ 
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ืืฒึทืš ืฉื›ื ื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื”ื•ื™ืฃ -- 

ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ ืึทืจืฑืกื’ืขืฉืจื™ืขืŸ ืคืึธื ืคืขืฐืึทื˜ืŸืขืŸ 
ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืึธืจ ืฉืึทืจืฃ 

ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืฐื™ ืžื™ื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืงื•ืœ 

ืึทืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื™ืงืŸ ืžืึธืœ-- 

ื”ืึทื ื“ืœ! 

ืึท ืจื’ื™ืœื•ืช ืึธื˜ ืึทื–ืึท ื‘ืฒึท ืžื™ืจ: (ื”ืึทื ื“ืœื•ืŸ 

ืื™ืš ืฉืจืฒึท ื ื™ื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืš ืฐื•ื™ืœ ืื™ืš ื•ืฉืจื–ืฒึท ืฐืึธืก { 1 
ื”ืึทื ื“ืœ! 

ืก'ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื’ื•ื˜ ืžืึธืจื’ืŸ ืืฒึทืš! 

ืืฒึทืš ืึทืœืขืžืขืŸ! 

ืื™ืŸ ื•ืึทืœื–ืข ืฉื˜ื™ื‘ืขืจ, ืฐื•ึผ ื ืึธืจ ืื™ืจ ื–ืขืŸื ื˜ืŸ 
ืฆื™ ืึธืจืขื ืื•ืŸ ืฆื™ ืจืฒึทืš, | 

ืฆื™ {ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขื–ืงื•ืžืขื ืข ืื•ืŸ { | 
ืฆื™ ืคืึทืŸืจื‘ืŸืึธืจื’ื˜ืข { ื“ื™ ื•ื™ ื• 
ืฆื™ ืžืึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคืจื•ื™, 

ืžืขื’ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืึท ื™ื™ึดื“, ืžืขื’ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืึท ื’ืฑื™ 

ืืฒึทืš ืึทืœืข ื’ืœืฒึทืš -- 

ื”ืึทื ื“ืœ! 

ื’ื•ื˜ ืžืึธืจื’ืŸ ืืฒึทืš, (ื’ื•ื˜ ืžืึธืจื’ืŸ,} 


ื–ืขื˜, ื–ืขื˜, ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืฆื• ืืฒึทืš ื“ืขื ืงืึธืคึผ ื’ืขืŸื”ื–ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ { ื• 
ื”ืึทื ื“ืœ! 

ืก'ืื™ื– ืึท ื‘ืึทื’ืจื™ืกื•ื ื’ ืื•ื™ืš, 

1 ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ| ืึท ืฉืึธืงืœ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ: 

| 

1 ื˜} ืื•ื™ืฃ (ื“ืขื} ื–ืขืœื‘ืŸ ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืš ืึธืคึผ: 
| ื• 


} ืืฒึทื™ืš ืึทืจืฑืคึผื’ืขืฉืจื™ึดืขืŸ ื”ืึทื ื“ืœ-- 
ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืืฒึทื™ืš ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฉื˜ืจืขืงื˜ ืึท ื”ืึทื ื˜! 
} ื™ื™ึธื“, ืึธื˜ ืกืชึผื ืึทื–ืฑ, ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืึทืฐืขืง 
} ื”ื•ื™ืฃ ื•'ืึท ืคึผืœืึธืงืŸ... 


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ืขืฐื•ืึธืจืคืŸ, , ื“ืึทื›ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื™ืœื ื“ื™ืง ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ืš ืึท ืฉืจืขืง, 

} ืึทื•ื•ื“ืื™ (ื–ื™ื–ืš ื“ืขืจืฉืจืึธืงืŸ! 

ื™ื˜ืข} {ืฉืœื•ืืŸ-ืขืœื™ื›ื ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ! 
{ืก'ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜} ืคืจื™ื“ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืืฒึทืš, ืคืจื™ื“ืŸ! 
} ื‘ืึทืงืึทื ื˜! 
ื•ืฉืœื•ื-}ืขืœื™ื›ื, ืึทืœืข ืืฒื™ืš ื‘ืฒึทื ืึทื ื“, 
1 ืึทืœืข} ืฐื•ื™ื ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ! ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึทืœืข ืฉื˜ืึธืงืŸ 
1 ื• 

1 } ืื™ืŸ ืขื ื’ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉืžืึธืœืŸ - 
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| 
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} ืฉืœื•ื-ืขืœื™ื›ื (!} 
}- 
} ืึทืจืฑืก! 
ืงื•ืงื˜ ืึทืจืฑืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื–ืขืœื‘ืŸ ื ื•ื•ืกื–ื— ืžื™ืจ: ืขืœื™ื›ื-ืฉืœื•ื! 
ื”ืึทื ื“ืœ! 
ืื•ืŸ ืฐื™ืŸื™ืกื˜} ืื™ืจ, ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืื™ืจ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกืŸ 


ื’ื•ื˜ ืžืึธืจื’ืŸ ืืฒึทืš! ืื™ืš ื–ืึธื’ ื ืึธืš ืึทืœืฅ ื’ื•ื˜ ืžืึธืจื’ืŸ - 
ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืก'ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’! 

ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื˜ ืึธืคึผ ืžื™ืจ... ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื˜ ืฐืึธืก { 1 
ื–ื™ื“ืœื˜, ื‘ืจื™ื“ืœื˜, ืฉื™ืœื˜! 

ื–ืึธื’ื˜: ืฐื•ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ{ืฉ)ื˜ื™ืงื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฐืขืจ (ื“ืข 1 
ืึทื‘ื™ ื–ืึธื’ื˜! 

ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’-- 

ืขืจ ืงื•ืงื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืจ ื”ืึทืœื˜ ื“ื™ ืคืขืŸื  1 
ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืจ ืฐืึทืจืขืžื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ืึธืš ืึทืœืฅ ื‘ืฒึทื { { 
ืขืจ ืฐืึทืงืกื˜! ืขืจ ืฐืึทืงืกื˜! ืจ'ืฐืึทืงืกื˜ 

ื”ืึทื ื“ืœ! 


ืื•ื™ื‘ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื–ื•ืŸ -- ืฆื• ืึทืœ ื“ื™ ืœืฑื™ื›}ื˜ { ื } 
ืžืึทืš ืื™ืš ื‘ืฒึท ืืฒึทืš ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื‘ืึทืœื“ { } 
ืจืฒึทืก ืื™ืš ืฆื• ืืฒึทืš ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ {ืคืึทืจ ื• 
ื—ืœื•ืžื•ืช ื ืึทื›ื˜ื™ืงืข ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ืขื“ื™ืงืขืจ { } 

202 


ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจื ื™ืฉ ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื›ื˜-- 

ืื™ืš ื›ืึทืคึผ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืขืงืขืœืข ื“ืขื { ืŸ 
ื’ื™ืก ืœื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืฉืฒึทื™ืŸ 

ืื™ื™ืš ืึธืคึผ-- : 

ื”ืึทื ื“ืœ! 


ืขืคื ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจ! ืฉื˜ืขืงื˜ ืึทืจืฑืก ืึท ืงืึธืคึผ 
ืฐืฒึทื–ื˜ ืึท ื’ืขื–ื™ื›ื˜! 
ืื™ืš ื“ืึทืจืฃ ืึท ืคึผื ื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจ ืึท ื’ืขืขืคื ื˜ืก 


ื›'ื•ื•ืขืœ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืคึผื ื™ื ืฆื• ืึท ื”ืึทืจืฆืŸ ื˜ืจืขืคืŸ... 
ื”ืึทื ื“ืœ! 


1 | ืœื™ื’ื˜ ื ืึธืš ืึทืœืฅ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจ, 
{ืื•ืŸ ืึธืคึผื”ืขื ื˜ื™ืง| ืื•ืŸ ืžืึทื›ื˜ืœืึธื–-- 
1 ืกืชึผืž) ื“ืึธ... ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืึทื–ืฑ ืกืชึผื, 
| ื• 
1 ืงื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืขื ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื ื“ืกื˜ืŸ 
1 ื ื™ื˜ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ื•ืขืžืŸ 
| ืœื•ืŸ 
1 ื‘}ืจื™ื“ืขืจ ืชื›ืœื™ืช! 
| ' 
) ื•ื–ืขืœ ื ื™ื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืึธ ืžืขืจ ื•ื™ ืึท ื’ืขื˜ืฉ! 
1 ื˜ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ื•ื•ืขืžืขืŸ ืก'ืงื•ื•ืขื˜ืฉื˜ 
1 ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจ} ืื•ืŸ ืฐื•ึผ ืขืก ืงื•ื•ืขื˜ืฉื˜? 
{ ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืฆื• ื’ืึธื˜ ืึทืจืฑืคึฟื’ืขืฉืจื™ืขืŸ ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื”-- 
ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘'ืก ื’ืขืžืึทื›ื˜ ืึท ื‘ื™ืกืขืœืข ืฆื• ื”ื•ื™ืš, 
ืฐืฒึทืœ ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืื•ื™ืš ืืฒึทื™ืš ื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ื˜ ืึธื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ (ืชึผืคื™ืœื”ืŸ 
ืื™ึทื™ืš ืื•ื™ืš! 
ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืขืจ ื’ื•ื˜ ืžืึธืจื’ืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐื•ืขื–ืŸ { 1 
ืึท ืชึผื™ืจื•ืฅ ื ืึธืจ, ืึท ืชึผื™ืจื•ืฅ | 
ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ื˜ืึทืงืข ืืฒึทื™ืš ื‘ืึทื’ืจื™ืกื˜... ื™ืึธ ืคืฒื™ืŸ, ื™ืึธ ืฉื™ื™ืŸ-- 
ืื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคื˜ ื•ื“ืึธื–ืš ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืกื•ืฃ-ื›ึผืœ-ืกื•ืฃ ืคึฟืึทืจืฉื˜ืฒื™ืŸ 
ืžืฒึทืŸ ืžื™ื™ืŸ - } 
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ื“ืขืจ ืฆืขืฉืขื“ื™ืงื˜ืขืจ ื›ึผ 


ืชื‘-ื™ื“ ืค 


ื•ืŸ ื“ืจืึท 


ืžืึทื˜ื™ืฉืŸ 


ืž 


ืึธื ืึธืœืึธื’ "ื”ืึทื ื“ืœ" 





1 ื™ื˜) ืึท ืžืึธืœ ืึทืจืึธืคึผื ืขืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืึทืกืงืข-- 
1 ื–ืŸ} ื–ื™ืš ื•ื™ ื›'ื‘ื™ืŸ: ื”ื ื’|ื‘ืจ}ื ื•ื”ื ื˜ืจื{ืกืŸืงื! 
ื•ื•ื•ืึธื–ืก ื˜ื•ื™ืŸื’ืŸ) ืžืฑื™ืจ) ื“ื™ ืงื•ื {ืฆืŸ| ืึทืœืข ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืงืกืŸ? 
| ื• 

1 } ื˜ืึทืงืข ื”ืึทื ื“ืœ! 

1 ื”ืึทืœื˜} ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืงืกืŸ -- 
ื•ืื™ืš ืึทืœืฅื ืึธืš ืื™ื™|ื ื™ื˜ืฉ)ืงืขืจ ืึทืœื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืฃ, 

1 ื•ื•ืขืง ืืฒึทืš,} ื•ื•ืขืง 

ื•ึทื”ืึทื–ื ืŸื“ืœื™ืŸ 

1 } ืึทืŸ ืขืง! 

ืื™ืš ื•ึทืงื–ื•ื™ืฃ 


ื”ืึทื ื“ืœืŸ!ืŸ 
ืื™ืš ื‘ืึทืฐืฒึทื– ื–ื™ืš ืกืชึผื ืึทื–ืฑ ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื™ืคืŸ 
ื›'ื”ื•ื™ื‘ ืกืชึผื ืึทื–ืฑ (ื–ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืฉื˜ื™ื’ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืฉื˜ื•ืคืŸ, 
ืื™ืš ืงื•ื ื ื™ื˜ ืกืชึผื ืึทื–ืฑ ืื™ืŸ ืคืจืขืžื“ืข ื”ืฒึทื–ืขืจ 
ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืฉื™ืงื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืึธื˜! 
ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฆื• ืืฒึทืš ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึท ื“ืขืจืœื™ื™ื–ืขืจ, - 
ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ื•ืจื–ื•ืฃ ืื™ืš, ื”ืึทืœื˜ {ืื™ืš } 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืึทืœืข ื”ื•ื™ืคืŸ: 
ื”ืึทื ื“ืœ! 
{ื”ืึทื ื“ืœืฒ! ื”ืึทื ื“ืœื™ื™! 
ืื™ืš ื’ื™ื™, 
ืื™ืš ืฐืึทื ื“ืœ, 
ื›'ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ืึธ! 
ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฆื• ืืฒึทื™ืš ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ, 
ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ 
ืฆื• ืืฒึทืš, ืื™ืจ ืืฒื ืฐื•ื™ื ืขืจ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืฃ 
ืฐืขืจ ื“ืึทืจืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ืืฒึทืš ื“ืึธ ื’ืขืœื˜? 
ื•ื•ืขืจ ื“ืึทืจืฃ ืึท ื‘ื™ืกืขืœืข ืžื–ื•ืžืŸ? 
ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘! ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘! 
ืจื•ืคื˜ ืžื™ืš ืึทืจืฑืฃ, 
265 


ืงื•ืžื˜, ืงื•ืžื˜ ืฆื• ืžื™ืจ ืึทืจืึธืคึผ-- 
ืื™ืš ืงื•ื™ืฃ 

ืึธืคึผื’ืขื˜ืจืึธื’ืขื ืข ืจืขืงืœืขืš 

ืึทืœื˜ืข ืฉื˜ืขืงืฉื™ืš 

ื˜ืจืึทื ื˜ืขืก ืึธืคึผื’ืขื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ, 
ืฆืขื“ืจื™ืœืขื•ื•ืขื˜ืข ื–ืึธืงืŸ 
ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืจื™ื‘ืขื ืข ืกืงืึทืจืคึผืขื˜ืŸ 
ืงืึทืฉืงืขื˜ืŸ, 

ืœืึทื˜ืขืก 

ืฉืžืึทื˜ืขืก 

ืึทืœืฅ! 

ืื™ืš ืฉื˜ื™ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืฃ 

ืื•ืŸ ืฉืจื™: 

ื”ืึทื ื“ืœืฒ! ื”ืึทื ื“ืœื™ื™! 

ืื™ืš ืฉืจื™ื™! 

ืขืก ืื™ื– ืžื™ืจ ื˜ืจื•ืงืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืึทืœื“ื–! 
ืงื•ืžื˜ ืึทืจืึธืคึผ ืื™ืš ืงื•ื™ืฃ} 

ืื™ืš ืงื•ื™ืฃ, ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืงื•ื™ืคืŸ 
ืฐืึธืก ื ืึธืจ ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜! 

ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืจ? 

ืึทืœื˜ืฐืึทืจื’ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš, ืึทืœื˜ืก, 
ืœืึทื˜ืขืก 

ืฉืžืึทื˜ืขืก! 

ืึธื ื™ืฆืขืก ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืจืึทื ื˜ืขืก -- 

ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจื™ื, ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืฐืึทื ืฆืŸ 


ืึทืœืฅ! 
ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืขืก ืคึผื˜ื•ืจ.- 
ืื™ึทื™ื ื•ื•ื•ื™ื ืขืจ (ื ื‘ื–ืึทืฐืฒึทื™ื–ืŸ ื–ื™ืš {ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืœื˜ืฐืึทืจื’ { 
ื”ืึทื ื“ืœ{ืึทืจื–ืฉืŸ) 
ื”ืึทื ื“ืœืŸืึทืจื–ืฉืŸ ืกื™ืงืŸ ืงื–ื•ืžื˜!... 
| ื‘ื™ื– ื• 
ืžืึทื›ื˜ (ึฐืึท . ื™ึผ 


- ืึทื”ืขืจ, ืึทื”ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื! 
266 


ืจืขื›ื˜ืŸ ืืฒึทื™ื ื’ืึทื ื’} ืœื™ื ืงืก ืคึฟื•ืŸ 


-- ืฉื™ื˜, ืฉื™ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื”ืึทืง ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืึทืง 
ืื™ืŸ ื–ืขืงืขืœืข ืฆื• ืžื™ืŸืจ} ืฆื• ืžื™ืจ ืื™ืŸ (ื–ืŸืึทืง. 

ืึทื”ืขืจ, ืึทื”ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื, 

ื–ื™ื™ ืฐืขืœืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ื... ื“ืึธ ืœื™ื’ืŸ |ื“ืึธ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืึทืงืŸ 

ืžื™ืจ ืฐืขืœืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ืืฒึทืขืจ ืึทืœื˜ืฐืึทืจื’ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืึทืŸ {ืขืฆื”, 
ืžืฒึทืŸ ื–ืึทืง ืžืฒึทืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึท ืฉื! 

ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™{ืกืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทื ื“ืขืจืŸ -- 

ืื™ ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ ืžืฒึทื™ืŸ {ืคึผืœื–ืฒื™ืฆืข... 

ื–ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืข ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขื ืึทื ื ื“ื–ืขืจืŸ 

ื•ื™ ืึธื ื’ืขืžืึธืกื˜ืŸ, ืฐื™ ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ืขืœื˜! 

ืงื•ืงื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืฐืึธืก ื“ืขืจ ื–ืึทืง ืžื™ืจ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ืคึผืึทื›ืฐืข 

ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืึธื ื–ืขืขืฐื•ื“ื™ืง, ื ื™ื˜ ืงืขื ื˜ื™ืง ื’ืึธืจ, 

ืื•ืŸ ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื•ืฉื–ืคึผืึธืจ-- 

ืขืจ ื ืขืžื˜ (ืื™ืŸ) ื–ื™ืš ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ ืึท ื•ื•ืขืœื˜-- 

ื”ืึทื ื“ืœ! 


ื ืขื–ืคืŸื ื˜} ืื•ื™ืฃ (ื“ื™ ืึทืœื˜ืขืŸ ืืฒึทืขืจืŸืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ืฉื–ืึทื ืง! 


1ื’ื–ื™ื˜ { ืงื™ื™ืŸ) ืฐืึทืงืœ! 

(ื ืขืžื˜ ืึทืจืฑืกืŸ ืคื•ืŸ {ืฉื–ืึทื ื ืง} ื“ื™ ืึทืœื˜ืข ื–ืึทื›ืŸ... 
(ืึทืœื˜ืข ื–ืึทื›ืŸ-- } ื”ืขื ื’ืขืŸ ืœืึทื ื’.- 

1 } ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ืข ืึท ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทื ืง.... 
1 } ืึทื ืง! 

1 ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืงืœืŸ-- 

1 ื–ื™ื™, ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืึทืœื˜ืข ื–ืึทื›ืŸ 

1 ื˜ืึทืงืข ื˜ืึทืงืข) ืžืึทื›ืŸ, 

| } ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ (ืึท ืงื•ื ื”} ื”ื›ึผืœ-- 


ื”ืขื–ื ืŸื“ื–ืœืขืจ ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืฃ ืฆื• ืืฒึทืš ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ - - 
ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธื’ืขื ืขืŸ, ื“ื™ ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื, 
ื’ืขื’ ืขืกืขื ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึธืœ.- } 
} ืคืึทื•' ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืืฑืกื’ืขืงืจืึธื›ืขื ืขื ืคืึธื“ื™ื, 
ืฆืึธืœ ืžื–ื•ืžืฑืŸ 
} ืงื•ื™ืฃ ืื•ืŸ ืฆืึธืœ! 


46:20 = 1260 - 1644 22 "41 


467 


ื•ึนืื–ื”ื•ืขื–ืจ! 

ืฐื•ืึธืก} ื ืึธืŸืจ} ืื™ืŸืจืŸ ื•ึทื”ืึธื˜), 

ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื™ื {ืขื–ืจ ื ื•ืึธืจ ืคืึทืจืžืึธื’ืŸื˜ -- 
ืึทื”ืขืจ! 


ืžืขืŸ ื˜ืจืึธื’ื˜! ืžืขืŸ ื˜ืจืึธื’ื˜! 
ืึท ืžืึทืจื™ื ืึทืจืงืข -- 

ืคื™ื™ืŸ! 

ืžืขืŸ ื“ืึทืจืฃ ื ืึธืจ ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ ืึท ืงืขืจ, 

ืึทื”ื™ืŸ ืึทื”ืขืจ-- 

ื–ื™ ื“ืึทืจืฃ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื›ึผื“ืจื›ึผื” 

ื–ื™ืžืขื’ ื’ืจืฒึทืœืขืš ื–ืฒึทืŸ 

ืฉืœื ื›ึผื“ืจื›ึผื”'ื“ื™ืง... ืคืึทืจื“ืจื™ื™ื˜ 

ื‘ืžื—ื™ืœื” ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜{ืขืจ} ื–ืฒึทื˜... 
ืก'ืฉืึทื“ื˜ ื ื™ื˜, ืก'ืฉืึทื“ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืึธืจ {ื ื™ื˜ืŸ-- 
ืก'ื˜ืจืึธื’ื 'ืก ืึธืคื˜ ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืคืฒึทื {ืข ืœืฒึทื˜ืŸ 
ืžืขืŸ ื“ืึทืจืฃ ื ื™ื˜, ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื•ืขืกืขื–ืจืข 
ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ { }ื ืขืจืข-- 

| ืื•ืŸ ืึทื– ืื™ื‘ืขืจื ื™ืฆืขื•ื•ืขื˜ ืื•ื™ื–} ืฐืึธืก? 
ื“ืจืฒึท ืœืึทื˜ืขืก ื ืึธ(ืจ:} ืื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืจืขืกืขืจืข-- 
ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืงืœืขื ืขืจืข-- 


ืื™ืš ืงื•ื™ืฃ! 
ืฐืึธืก ื•ื•ื™ืœื˜ ืื™ืจ ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ืžืึทืจื™ื ืึทืจืงืข? 

ืึท ืฆืขื ืขืจืœ? 

ืฆื™ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจืฒึทื– { } ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืฉื˜ืึทืจืง 


ืื™ืš ืงื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ืš ืงื•ื™ืฃ 1 
ืึท ืจืขื ื“ืœ ืึทืจืึธืคึผ, ืึท ืจืขื ื“ืœ ืึทืจืฑืฃ - 
ืื™ืš ืงืฑืฃ! 


ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื–? ืึท ืงืึทืžื™ืŸื–ืขืœืงืขืŸ 
ื ื• ื‘ืึทืฐืฒึทื–ื˜! ื‘ืึทืฐืฒึทื–ื˜! 
ื–ืึธื’ื˜, ืฉืขืžื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ { } ืคืจื™ื™... 
ืึทืœื™ื™ืŸ ืึท ืงืึทืžื™ื–ืขืœืงืŸืขืŸ-- 
4268 


ืื™ื– ืึทื–ืฑ ืฆื• ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืึท... ืงื ืึทืคึผืขืจ ืฉืžืขืœืงืข, 

ืื™ื– ืขืคึผืขืก ื ื™ื˜ ืึทื”ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืึทื”ื™ืŸ, 

ืก'ืื™ื– ืึท ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื“ืจื™ืŸ! 

ืข{ืคึผืขื–ืก ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืึธื ื”ืฒื‘ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ {ืกื–ื•ืฃ, 
1 ื–ึธื ื“ื™ืจ ืื•ืŸ { } ืงื™ื™ืŸ 1 ื–ื•ืฃ-- 

| 1 

{ ืงื• ืึท }. ื™ืึธ! ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืก! ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืก! 


1 ! ื“ืึธืก ืฐืึธืก| ืื™ื–? 

{ ืืฑืกื’}ืขืจื™ื‘ืขื ืข { ืจื˜ืงืข - } 

1 ื•ึทื”ื–ื•ื™ื–ืŸ, { ืคึผืึธืจ ืึทืœื˜ืขืŸ 

1 ืขื–ืœืงืข ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ! 

1 } ื ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืงืฒึทืœ{ืข}ื›ื“ื™ืงืŸืขืŸ ืขืจื“, 

1 } ื’ืึธืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ { } ืื™ืš ื‘ื•ื™ื 'ืก) ื ื™ื˜ ืžืฉื™ื’! 
1 ื˜ืึทืงืŸ } ืฐืึธืก ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ -- 

1 1|ื–ืฒื™ืŸ }ื’ืขืฐืฐืึทื•ื ื–ื˜... {ืกืฒึทื“ืŸ ืื•ื™ื–ืฃ ืึท ืคึผืึทืกื™ืง! 
1 ื• 

1 |ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ ืึท { } ื˜ืข.. ื˜ืข.. 

1 ืงืึธืคึผืŸ ืึท ื•ืฉืื–ืึธืงืœ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ื’ ืึท ืฉื™ืงืœ -- 

| ...{ | 

1 } ื‘ืึทืฐืึธื•ืจื–ื ื˜ ื–ื™ื™, ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืฉื˜ืจื™ืงืœ! 

| | ื“ื™ ืงืึธ{ืž|ื‘ื™ื ืึทื ืฆื–ื™ืข ืื™ึทืŸื™ื–ืš ?1 

{ } ื‘ืึทืฆืึธืœ ืื™ืš ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขื ื”ื•ื™ื– 

{ } ืืฑืก! 


{ } ื’ื’ืขืœื–ื˜ ืื•ื–ืŸ ื•ืงื–ื•ื™ืคื–ื˜ ืื™ึทื•ื™ึทืŸ ื’ืœืฒึทืš 
ืึท ื ื™ึทื•ื™ืขืŸ ืคึผืึธืจ! 
ืžื™ื•ืจืŸ ืึทื ื–ื–ืึท ื™ืึธืจ, 
ื•ื™ ื ืกื˜}ืจืึธื’ืŸ ื•ืึท ืคึผืึธืจ} ื ืฒึทืŸืขืŸ ื”ื•ื™ื–ืŸ) ื–ื™ืš! 
ื’ื™ื™ื˜, ื˜ื•ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื•ืื™}ื‘ืขืจ (ื’ื™ืš } 
ืื•ืŸ ื‘{ืจืขื ื’ื˜} ื“ื™ ืึทืœื˜ืข ื”ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืึทื”ืขืจ! 
ื•ื•ืขืจ -- {ื•ื•ืขื–ืจ -- 
ืžืฒึทืŸ ื–ื–ืขืงืข}ืœืข ืฐืขื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ื–ืขื–ืจืงื•ื•ื™ืงืŸ, 
ืžืฒึทืŸ ื–ืขืงืขืœืข ื•ื•ื•ื–ื™ ืื™ืš -- ื”ืึธื˜ ืœื™ื‘ ืึทื ื˜ื™ืงืŸ! 
269 


ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื•ืข)ืœ ื–ืฒ ืืฑื™ื–ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื–ืขืงืขืœืข ื‘ืึทื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืฉื˜ืจืฑื™ื–ืงืŸืขื–ืœืข ืคึผื•ืึทืจื–ื‘ื™ื {ื“ื–ืŸ... 
ืก'ื’ืขืคืขืœืŸ ื“ืฒื™ื ืข ื”ื•ื™{ื–ื–ืŸ ื•ืžื™ืจ} ื“ื™ ื•ืึทื–ืœื˜ื•ืขืŸ 
ื”ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืึธืŸ ืึท ื”ื™ืŸื ื˜ืŸืŸ! 

ืึทื ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ื”ื™ื ื˜ืŸ-- {ืœืึทื˜ืข}ืก ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™-- 
ืก'ื’ืขืคืขืœืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื“ื™ ืœืึทื˜ืขืก! 

ืื™ืš ื‘ืึทืฆืึธืœ ื‘ืึทืŸื–ื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจ ื“ื™ืจ ืคืึทืจ (ื–ื™ื™ืŸ 

ื“ื™ ืœื•ื™ื– ื ืึธืจ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืœื™ื™ 

ื–ื™ ื’ื™ืกื˜ื• (ื’ืจื–ืึทื•ื˜ื–ื™ืก-- 

ื”ืึทื ื“ืœ! 


ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื˜ -- ื›'ืŸื”ืึธื‘} ืืฒึทื ื’ืขื”!ืึทื }ื“ืœื˜ 
ืึทืœื˜ืข ื‘ืฒึท ืืฒึทืš { 1 
ืžืฒึทืŸ ื–ืขืงืขืœืข, ืž ืงื™ื™ืŸืŸ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคืึท{ืจืฐืึทื–ื ื ื“ืœื˜ืŸ 
ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืœืขื‘ืขื“ื™ืงืข ื•ื–ื–ืึทืš! 
ืก'ืื™ื– ืคื•ืœ, ืึท {ืคื•ืœื™ื–ื ืง{ืขื–ืจ-- ืื™ื ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ืŸื–ืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืš - 
ื•ื™ ืก'ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื ื™ื˜ (ื–ืฒึทื–ืฅ ื’ืึธื•ืจืŸ ืงืึธื ื ื˜ื–ื™ืง... 
ื”ืคึผื ื™ื, ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืึธืš 
ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื‘ืขืจื™ืง ืขืก ืื™ื–, ืฐืึธืก ืก'ื˜ื•ื™ื’ ื ื™ื˜... 
ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ืึธืจ, ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ (ื–ื™ื–ืš -- 
ืื™ืจ ืืฒื ืฐืฑื ืขืจ ืึธื˜ ืคื•ืŸ {ื“}ื–ืขื {ื•ื•ื™ืกื˜ืŸ} ื”ื•ื™ืฃ, 
ืฐืึธืก ืึทืœืฅ ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ { }- 
ืึท ืžืึทื™ืึธื ื˜ื™ืง! 
ืžืึทืจื™ื ืึทืจืงืขืก ืžืขื ืขืจื™ืŸืฉืข ืฐืฒึทื‘ืขืจื™ืฉืข ืจืขืงืœืขืš, 
ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื“ืจื™ืœืขื•ื•ืขื˜ืข { ืงื  ืขืš) ืื•ืŸ ืึธืŸ ื”ืขืงืœืขืš, 
ืงืึทืžื™ื–ืขืœืงืขืก ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืจื™ืŸื‘ืขื–ื ืข, {ืคื–ืึทื ืจื–ืคืขืฆื˜ืŸืขืŸ 
ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜, ื‘ืฒึทื ืงืึธืœื ืŸืขื–ืจ, ื”ืึทืจื˜ ืฆื•ื ื•ึทืงื–ืึทืจืง... 
ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฉื•ื•ื™ืฆื˜, ื”ืคึผื ื™ื ืฉื˜ืึทืจืง? 
ืื•ืŸ ืื—ืจื•ืŸ, ืื—ืจื•ืŸ... ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื™ื–ื ืก ืืฒึท{ืข}ืจืข, ื“ื™ ืœืŸืขืฆื˜ืขืŸ, 
1 ื˜ืข, ื”ื•ื™ื–ืขื ืขืก ืคืึทืจื“ | 
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20 


1 1 

1 } ื’ืึธืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืงืึธื–ึทื ื˜ื™ืง! 

1 ืงื•ื™ืคื˜} ืžื™ืจ ื˜ืึทืงืŸืขืŸ, ืึท ืกืš! ืึท ืกืš! 
| 

1 ื“ืขื ืึทืœื˜ืฐืึทืจื’} ื ืึธืš ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืš... 

ื ื“ืขืจ} ืื•ืฆืจ ืืฒึทืขืจืขืจ { } ื ืึธืš ื’ืจื•ื™ืก, 

1 } ื’ืึธืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืก 

ื•ึทื•ื•ื™ ืคื•ืŸ} ืึท ืงืฐืึทืŸืœืŸ 


1 ืก'ืงืขืจ{ื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืจื™ื ืข ื’ืึทืœ... 
| } ืžื™ืจ, 

{ ืื™ ืึทืœืขืืŸ ืžืขืจ-- 

1 1 

| | 

1 ืคืึทื•ื ืจืงื•ื™/ืคื˜ ืžื™ืจ (ื˜ืึทื–ืงืข {ืคื–ืึทืจืงื•ื™ืคื˜ ืึท ืกืš ืžื™ืจ-- 

1 ื–ื–ืฒึทื˜ ื ื–ื™ื–ืš {ืžื•ื–ื“ื”: 


ื•ึนืฉื ืื™ื– ืึธื ื’ืขืœ ืžื™ืจ ื“ืขืจ {ืงื–ื•ื™ืŸ }, 

(ืื™ืš ื”ื–ืึธื‘ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ืขืŸ: ื”ืึทื ื“ืœ! 

ื ืฆื–ื•ื ืงืขืœืขืจืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ืึทืจืึธืคึผ ื‘ื™ื– ืึทื–ืฉ ืฆื•ื ื‘ื•ื™ื“!ืขื–ื 
ื’ืขื‘ืขื˜ืŸ (ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืฒึท ื}ืฒึทืš ืฐื™ ื‘ืฒึท ื’ื–ืœื ื™ื ืจื—ืžื™ื! 
ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜, (ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ืฆื• ืืฒื™ืšืŸ ืึทืจืฑืŸ(ืฃ}: 

ืคืึทืจืงื•ื™ืคื˜ { ืคึผื–ืึทืจืงื•ื•ื™ืคื˜ื™ืŸ 

ื•ึธืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ-- } ืฐื™ { } ืฐืึธื ืœื–ื˜ ื•ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืŸื”ืขืจื˜... 
ื–ืฒึทื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืžื–ื•ื“ื”! 


ืื™ื•ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืึทืจืŸืฒึทื ืŸื’ืขืคื–ืึทืœืŸ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ืฆื• ืืฒึทืš ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืฃ 

ื•ื™ ืึท {ืฉื–ื˜ื•ื™ื™ื–ืŸ ืึท ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืขืจ, ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ-- 

ืื•ึทื™ื–ืš ื”ืึธ{ื›} ื“ืขืจืฉืจืึธืงืŸ ืื™ึทืŸื™ึทื–ืš ืฐื™ืึท ื“ื•ื {ืขืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืงืœืึธืจืŸ ื•ื•ืขื˜ืขืจ 
ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ (ื’ืขื–ืžื™ื™ื ื˜ ืื™ืš ื‘ืฑื™ืŸืŸ ืึท ื‘ืขืจ, 

ื›'ื•ื•ืŸืขื–ืœ 1ืื•ื™ื–ืคื•ืขื–ืกืŸ ืื™ึทื ื™ื–ืš ื’ืึทืŸื ืฅืฅ 

ื™ืขืฆื˜ (ื–ืขื˜ /: 1 

ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืึทืฉ ื‘ืฒึท (ืืฒึทืš| ืึท ื•ึทื’ืจื–ืึธืฉืŸ ืžืขืจ { } 

ืื•ืŸ ืฐื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ ืึท ืฐืึทื ืฅ 

ื”ืึทื ื“ืœ! 


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ื”ืึทื ื“ืœ-- 

ื“ืึธืก ื–ืขืงืŸืขื–ืœืข ืื™ื– ืคื•ืœ {ืฉื•ื™ืŸ) ืึธื ื’ืขืคื™ืœืŸื˜} ื’ืึทื ืฅ ื•ืฉืคึผืึธืจ) 
ื”ื’ื ื ื™ื˜ ืงืึธื ื˜ื™ืง ื’ืึธืจ! 

ืก'ืื™ื– ืคื•ืœ ืžื™ื˜ {ืœืฒึทื™ื–ื“ืŸ, ืก'ืื™ื– ืึธื ื’ืขืคื™ืœื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืฆืจื•ืช 

ื™ืขืฆื˜ ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืžื™ืจ, (ื–ืึธื’ื˜}: ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืจ ืขืก {ื’}ืขื“ืึทืจืคื˜? 
ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื“ืŸืึทืจืคื˜} ืขืก (ืื•ื™ืฃ} ื›ึผืคึผืจื•ืช! 


ืึธ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืžื–ื™ืกื˜ { } ืื™ืš ( | 
ื’ืขืฉืจื™ึดืขืŸ ื”ืึทื ื“ืœืŸ!-- } ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืขืก ืคึผื˜ื•ืจ! 

| ื’ืขืฉืจื™ืขืŸ ื”ืึทื ื“ืœ! ื”ืึทื ื“ืœ! 

ื˜ืึทื˜ืข-ืคืึธื˜ืขืจ. 


ื™ืขืฆื˜ ื–ืึธื’ ืื™ืš ืืฒึทื™ืš ื“ืขื ื’ืึทื ืฆืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืฃ 
ืึทืœืข ืืฒึทืš ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขื: 
ื”ืึทื ื“ืœ! ืก'ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜: ื–ืฒึทื˜ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜! 
ื”ืึทื ื“ืœ: ืื™ืš ื’ืขื–ืขื’ืŸ (ื–ื™ืšืŸ ืึทื ึทื–ื–ืฑื™ ืžื™ื˜ ืืŸืฒึทื–ืš ืึทืฆื•ื ื“, 
ื™ืึธ, ืื™ืš ืคืึทืจืœืึธื– ืืŸืฒึทื™ื–ืš { } 
ื”ืึทื ื“ืœ! 
ืก'ืื™ื– ืึท ืฐืึธืจื˜ ืึทื ื–ืึทืŸ! } ืžื™ืจ { ื}; 
ื”ืึทื ื“ืœ! | 
ืึทื–ืฑ ืึธ {ื”ื•ื™ื‘} ืื™ืš ืึธืŸ ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืขื ื“ื™ืง'ืก, 
ืก'ืื™ื– ืžืฒึทื™ืŸ ืฐืึธืจื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ืก ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– ืžืฒึทืŸ {ืœืข}ืฆื˜ืก, 
ืื™ืš ื–ืึธื’ ืขืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืฐืึธืจ ืื•ืŸ ืจื•ืฃ ืขืก ืื•ื™ืŸ{ืก} ืื™ืŸ ื—ืœื•ื•ื}... 
{ } ื–ืขืงืŸืขืœืข ื ื˜ื™ืง! ื’ืึธืจ โ€ } ืงืขื ื˜ื™ืง.. 
ื•ื›' ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ } ืขืคึผืขืก! 
| ืืฒึทืš } ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ ื‘ืึทื“ืึทืจ{ืคื–ืŸ 
| 
1 } ืึทืœืฒืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื™ ื•ืขืก} ืึธืคึผืฆื•ืŸืฉื–ืึทืŸืฆื–ืŸ... 
1 ืŸ 
1 } ืืฒึทืš ื“ืึธืก ื–ืขืงืขืœืข ื”ืขื˜-ื”ืขื˜, 
1 } ืคืึทืจ { } 
ืื™ืŸ ืžื“ืŸื‘ืจื™ื–ื•ืช ื•ื•ื•ื™ืกื–ื˜ืข ืฐืขืœ ืื™ืš โ€ } ืฐืึทืจืคืŸ, 
ืคึฟืึทืจ ืงืจืึธืงืึธื“ื™ืœืŸ 

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ื–ื™ื™ ื•ืขืœืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืŸ } ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ {ื”ื•ื–ื ื’ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื™ืœืŸ, 


ืืฒึทื {ืฉื–ืœื™ื ื’ืขืŸ { } ืืฒึทืขืจืข { }} ืคึผืœืึทืฆืŸ. 
1 ืŸ 

| ื•ืึท..ืŸ } 

ื ืคืึทืจื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ื˜ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜, ื–ืฒึทื˜ ื”ืฒึทื˜ืขืจ, 

ื•ืื™ืจ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜} ืื•ืฒื™ืŸืš ื“ืึธ-- 

ืื•ืŸ (ืื™ืš}, ืื™ืš { ื•ื•ืขื’} ืžื™ืจ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ.... 

ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก-- 


ื•ึทืื–ื™ืš ื”ืึธืŸื‘| ื ื™ื˜ !ืึธืคึผื ืขืฐ โ€ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฆืŸ ืืฒึทืš ื“ืขื ืฉื•ื•ื™ื™ืก 
ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ื™{ืก ืื™ื–ืš ื•ื•ื™ื™ืŸืก ื’ืึทื ื ืฅ} ื’ื•ื˜-- 

ื ื™ื˜ ืึธืคึผื’ืขื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš } ืืฒึทืš ื“ืขื ื‘ืจื•ื“, 

ื›'ืŸื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ึนื–ืึธ ื•ื•ืŸ {ืก, ืฆื™ ืžืขืจ ืฆื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ-- 
ืื™ืš ื’ื™ื™, 

ืื™ืš ื’ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึทื ืขืŸ -- 

ื–ืึธืœ ื•ึทื ืึธืจืŸ ืึท ื™ื™ื“ ื•ึทื•ื•ืึธื–ืก ื“ืจื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื™ืคืŸ 

ืขืคึผืขืก ืฐืึธืก (ื‘ืฒึท} ืืฒึทืš ื“ืึธ ืงื•ื™ืคืŸ 

ื–ืึธืœ ื ืึธืš ืึท ื™ื™ึทื“ ืึท ืžืฆื•ื•ื” (ื“ืึธืŸ ื‘ืฒึท ืืฒึทืš ืคืึทืจื“ื™ื ืขืŸ, 

ืึท ื”ืึทื ื“ืœืึทืจ ืื™ื– ื‘ื˜ื‘ืข ืึท ืคืึทืจื’ื™ื ืขืจ... 

ืื™ืš {ื‘ื™ืŸ ืึท ื’ืึธื˜ 

ืขืก (ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ } 

ืจื™ื™ื ื™ืง{ืขืจ}-- 

ื”ืึทื ื“ืœืึทืจืขืก! 

ื›ืžืึท{ืจืขืก, | ื’ืึทื {ืฆืข ื›}ืžืึทืจื•ืขืก ื• 

ืึท ืžืึธืœ { ืจื–ืขืก! 


ืขืก { ืืฒึทืš 
ืึธื˜ ื“ืŸ 1 

ืขืก (ื–ืึธืœ ืืฒึทืš 

ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ { 1 

ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจ { 

ืขืก ื–ืึธืœ ืื™ 


473 


ื™ืึธ, ื™ืึธ, | ื•ื™ ื”ืึทื ื“ืœ 
ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ืคึผื ื™ืžื•ืขืจ 

ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืึธื˜ { 

ืžืึทื›ื˜ ืึท ืฐืึทื•ืจืข 
ืคืึทืจืงื•ื™ืคื˜ ื•ื™ ื•ึทืื  
ืคืึทืจื’ื™ื ื˜ ื“ื™ ืžืŸ 
ืคืึทืจืงื•ื™ืคื˜ ืคืึทืจ 
ื”ืึทื ื“ืœ-- 

ืึท ื’ื•ื˜ืŸ ืืฒึทื™ืš, ืึท ื’ื•ื˜ืŸ. 


' 
ืฆื–ืขืคืœื™ืงื˜ืข 
ื• 


ืงื™ืฆื‘ื”ืŸ 


ืžืฆื•ื•ื”}! 
ื‘ืจื–ื•ื“ืŸ -- 


4244 


ืึทืจื™ื™ื ืคื™ืจ 20 


ืึท ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืขืกื˜-ืœื™ื“, ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื˜ื•ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึธืœืงืกื“ื™ื›ื˜ืขืจ ื”ืขืจืฉ ื“ืึทื ื™ืขืœืขืฐื™ื˜ืฉ {ื”ืขืจืฉืขืœืข), ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ืื™ื– 
ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึธืจื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื’ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ, ืคืึทืจ ืึทืคึผืจื™ืœ-- ืื•ืŸ ื•ื™ ืขืก ื–ืขื˜ ืื•ื™ืก -- ืื™ืŸ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืžืขืจืฅ 1941. 
ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ, ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืขืจื“ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ืจื•ืจ, ืื™ื™ืจ -- ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชื”ืฉ"ื ? 26 ื˜ืขืจ ืึทืคึผืจื™ืœ-- 25 ื˜ืขืจ ื™ื•ื ื™ 
1, ื ื•ืž' 13 (7-- 8), ื–ื™ 38, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ: ื—. ื’ืึธืœื“ื‘ืขืจื’ -- ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื™. ืง'ืก 
ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืขืจื“ื™ืฉืข ืคึผืขืกืฐื“ืึธื ื™ืžืขืŸ (ื–ืข: ืฆื•ืงืจืžืŸ- ืžื‘ืคื ื™ื, ื™"ื’, ื–' 36). ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ื‘ืึทืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื˜, ืื™ืŸ 
ื’ืขื’ืจืึทืžื˜ืข ืคืขืจื–ืŸ, ื”ืขืจืฉืขืœืขืก ืœืขืฆื˜ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื’ืขืจ-ื•ื•ืขื’, ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทืฉื•ืœื“ื™ืงื˜ ื“ื™ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ืขืจืœืึธื–ื˜ ืึทื– ืึท ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ 
ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ ื–ืึธืœ ืฉื˜ืึทืจื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื’ืขืจ. 

ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ืขืจ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜, ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืข ืื•ืžืคึผื™ื ืงื˜ืœืขื›ืงืฒื˜ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื, ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš 
ืึธืคึผื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื ืึธืš ื“ืขืจ ืžืœื—ืžื” ืื™ืŸ: ื‘ืœืขื˜ืขืจ ืคืึทืจ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข, ื‘ืึทื ื“11ืข, 1954, ื”ืขืคื˜ 2-- 3, ื–ื–ื™ 
8 - 209. 

ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืืฑืกื’ืึทื‘ืข ื“ืึธ, ื“ืจื•ืงืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืึธืคึผ ื“ืขื ื˜ืขืงืกื˜, ืœืฑื™ื˜ืŸ ืึธืจื™ื’ื™ื ืขืœืŸ ืžืึทื ื•ืกืงืจื™ืคึผื˜, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ 
ื“ืขืจืžืขื’ืœืขื›ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ื™ืžืขืŸ-- ืฆื•ื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืžืึธืœ-- ื“ื™ ื’ืขื ื•ื™ืข ื“ืึทื˜ืข ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ืื™ื– ืึธื ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ 
ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ. ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืข ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืขืŸ ื‘ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“: ืฐืึทืจืฉืข 1941ืฉ1/1. ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“ ืื™ื– 
ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืฉืจื™ืคื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคืึทืจืึทืŸ. 

ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื“ ืจื•ืคื˜ ื™.ืง. ืึธืŸ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ืžืจืžื– ืื•ื™ืฃ ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคึผื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื˜ื•ืขืจืก ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ื›ึผื•ื— 
ื”ืขืจืฉืขืœืขืŸ ืึทืจื•ืกืฆื•ื”ืขืœืคืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืข, ืขืจ ื–ืึธืœ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ืœืขื‘ืŸ. ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื™.ืง. ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื˜ืจื•ื™ 
ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื”ืึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ืคืึทืจืฉืฐืฒึทื’ื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ืงืขื’ืŸ ื–ื™ื™. ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ 
ืฉืึทืจืคืข ื‘ืึทืฉื•ืœื“ื™ืงื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืงืขื’ืŸ ื–ื™ ื‘ืฒึทื™ื ืกื•ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื”ืขืจืฉืขืœืขืŸ (ื–ืข ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ, ื ื•ืž' 21), ืื™ื– ืคึฟืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ 
ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืฆื•ืงืขืจืžืึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืงื”ื™ืœื”-ื‘ื™ื•ืจืึธ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืคื–ื™ื›ื˜-ืงืึธืžื™ืกื™ืข ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืึทื ืฆืขืจ ืกืึธืฆื™ืึทืœืขืจ 
ื”ื™ืœืคืกืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืื™ื ืขืจื ืกื˜ ื’ืขื“ืจืึธื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืงืžื”-ื ืขืžืขืจืฒึท ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ืข 
ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ "ื“ืจื•ืจ" - (ื–ืข: ืฆื•ืงืจืžืŸ - ืžื‘ืคื ื™ื, ื™"ื’, ื–ื™ 35; ื–ืข ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืึทืจืฒึทื ืคื™ืจ ืฆื• "ื™ืึท ืžืึทืก ืœื™ื“ืœืขืš", 
ื ื•ืž' 21). ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื•ื ื’-ืฐืขืจืง ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ืคึฟืึทืจืึทืŸ ืึทืŸ ืืฑื˜ืึธื‘ื™ืึธื’ืจืึทืคื™ืฉืขืจ ืึทืกืคึผืขืงื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืฉื™ื™ืš 
ืฆื• ื™.ืงื™ืก ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ืžืขืฉื‚ื™ื ื›ืขืช ื”ืขืจืฉืขืœืขืก ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ื˜ืขื’, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขื™ืงืจ -- ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืึทื’ื™ืฉืข ืื™ื‘ืขืจืœืขื‘ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ 
ืึธืคึผื”ืขื ื˜ื™ืงืฒื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืžืึทื›ื˜ืœืึธื–ื™ืงืฒึทื˜ ืึทืจื•ืกืฆื•ื”ืขืœืคืŸ ื”ืขืจืฉืขืœืขืŸ, ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ื’ื•ื˜ืŸ ืคืจืฒึทื ื“, 

ื“ืขืจ ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“ ื’ืขืคื™ื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื™.ืง.-ืึทืจื›ื™ืฐื• ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ืœื•ื—ืžื™ ื”ื’ื™ื˜ืื•ืช, ืจืขื’ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ืจื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื ื•ืž' 11/1033ื. 
ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืฆืขืฉืขื“ื™ืงื˜ืŸ ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืึทื ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“, ืื™ื– ืื•ื ื“ื– ื’ืขืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ื ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื ืฒึท ืฆื• ื“ืขืฉื™ืคืจื™ืจืŸ, ืžื™ื˜ 
ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ืœืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืงืึธืคึผื™ืข ืคึฟืึทืจืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ืฉืจืฒื™ื‘ืžืึทืฉื™ืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืš ืึธืคึผื’ืขื”ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื™ื™ืง. - 
ืึทืจื›ื™ื•ื•, ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“. 

ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืข: 1941 1/1. ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜ ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“, ืื•ื™ืฃ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ืก'ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ 
ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ืึทื›ื˜ ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื“. ืฐืฒึทืœ ื“ืขืจ ืกื™ื•ื ืคึฟื•ื ืขื ืœื™ื“ ืื™ื– ืคึฟืึทืจืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜, 
ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืกืฒึท ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ ืกืฒึท ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืกื˜ืจืึธืคึผืขืก -- ืคืึทืจื–ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ืึธื’ืจืึทืคื™ืฉืข ืจืฉื™ืžื•ืช (ืคึฟืึทืจื’ืœืฒึทืš: ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ืžืขื ื˜ืึทืœืก ืจืฉื™ืžื”, ื ื•ืž' 19; ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ื™ื 
ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื, ืชืฉื›"ื˜, ื ื•ืž' 22). 


275 


ื•ื“ื™ ื›ืจืึธื ื™ืง {ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืขื–ื“ืฉืขืœืขืก ื˜ืฑื˜ 


ืขืจืฉื˜ ื™ืขื ืข {ืฐืึธืš}: ื”ืขืจืฉืขืœืข! 
ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืึธื ื’ืขืงืฐืึธืœืŸ -- 
('ื–ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื ืขื‘ืขืš ืึท ื˜ืŸืขื•ืช,} 
ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืŸืฉ}ืฐืึธืœืŸ {..."ื– 


ืžื™ื˜ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื˜ืขื’ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ 
ื‘ืึทืงื•ื ืื™ืš ืึท ืฆืขื˜ืœ: 
"ืŸืื™ื–ืš ืœื™ื’ ืึท ืงืจืึทื ืงืขืจ 
ืื•ื™ืฃ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืœื™ื™ื’ื‘ืขื˜ืœ, 


ื“ื™ ื“ืึธืงื˜ื•ื™ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืกืŸ 
ื ืึธืจ ืขืกืŸ, ืขืกืŸ... " 

ืื™ืš ืฐื•ืขืœ ื“ืึธืก ืฆืขื˜ืขืœืข 
ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ืคืึทืจื’ืขืกืŸ! 


"ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึทืคึผืœื‘ืฑื ืฉื™ืงื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ืงื™ืš ื–ืฒึทื ืขืจ, ื’ื™ื˜ื™ืงืก 
ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื˜ืขื’ ืžื™ืจ 

ื ืึธืจ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืžื™ื˜ื™ืงืก..." 


ื ืึทืŸืคึผืœื‘ื•ื™ื ืึธื‘ืขืจ 

ืงืขืŸ ืขืก ื ื™ื˜ ื•ึทืžืึทื›ืŸืŸ 

ื“ืขืจ ื ืึทืŸื“ื–ื–ืึธืจ {ืงื•ืงื˜) ืื•ื™ืก 
ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึทื–ืขืœื›ืขื ืข ื–ืึทื›ืŸ... 


"ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ื™ื˜ืขืจืžืึทืŸ -- (ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ืŸ ื“ืึธืš: 
ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื“ื–ืฉืึธื™ื ื˜ืŸ... (ื’ื™ื™ ืึทืจื™ื–ื‘ืขืจ 
ืื•ืŸ (ื–ืึธื’: ื›'ื”ืึทืœื˜ ื‘ืฒึทื} ืฉื˜ืึทืจื‘ืŸ, 
ื’ื™ืฒื™, ืจื™ื™ืŸื“} ืžื™ื˜ ื•ึตืื™ื ืื™ื‘ืขืจ):.." 


276 


ื’ื™ื˜ืขืจืžืึทืŸ... {ื•ื•ืึทืจ/ื˜ืŸ 

ืึท ื˜ืึธื’ ื“ืึธืŸืจื˜} ืึท ืœืึทื ื’ืŸ-- 
ืื•ืŸ ืคึผื•ืขืœืŸ ื’ืึธืŸืจืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜... 
ืื•ืŸ ื›'ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ! 


ืžื™ื˜ (ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื˜ืึธื’ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจืŸ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื•ื•!ืึทืจืฉืข ื’ืขืงืœื•ื ื’ืขืฅ: 
ืก'ืื™ื– ื•ื”ืขืจืฉืขืœืข ื“ื™}ื›ื˜ืขืจ 
ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึธืŸืจื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ) ื”ื•ื ื’ืขืจ, 


(ื‘1ืึทืœื“ ื ืึธื›ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึทืจื‘ืŸ -- 

ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ {ืžื™ืจ} ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ-- 
ืื™ื– ืึทืจืึธืคึผ |ื“ืึธืก ื’ืขื–ืฉื•ื•ื™ืœืกื˜ ืื™ื 
ืื•ืŸ ืึทืจืฑืก ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ื ืขืจ. 


ื“ื™ ืœื•ื•ื™ื” ื–ื™ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื–ืŸ . 

ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืจืฒึท ื˜ืขื’ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ-- 

ื•ืขืจ} ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื”ืึทื˜ ืžื–ืœ, 

{ืก'ื–ึตืื™ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ืฉื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื˜ืขืจ... 


ืงื•ื ื”ืขืจืฉืขืœืข, ื”ืขืจืฉืขืœืข 
ืงื•ื ืึทืจืฑืก ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึทืกื˜ืŸ, 
ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึท ืฉื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื˜ืขืจ, 
ืขืก ืœืฑื™ื ื˜ ืฆื• ืคืึทืกื˜ืŸ.., 


ื• 
ื• 


ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืึทืจืฑืก ืฉื•ื™ืŸ, 

ืจ' ื‘ืึทืฐืฒึทื–ื˜ (ื–ื™ืš} ื ื™ื˜ ืฐื™ื“ืขืจ; 
ืจ'ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸื‘ืขืจ}ื’ืขืœืึธื–ืŸ 
ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜ ืœื™ื“ืขืจ, 


ื”ืขืจ{ืฉืขืœืขืก ื™ื™}ื ื’ืขืœืข 
ื”ืึธ{ื˜ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืงื“ื™ืฉ-- } 


477 


ื ืฒึทืข ื•ื˜ืจืขืจืขืœืขืš - } 
ืชึผืชื—{ื“ืฉ ืชึผืชื—ื“ืฉ!! 


ื–ืฐืฒ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืงืึทื–ืคึผืขื˜ 
ืืฑืคืŸ ืึธืคืขื ืขื ืกื–ื™ื“ื•ืจ, 
ืคึผืขืจื–ืขืœืขืš ืงืœื–ืึธืจืข 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜ ืœื™ื“ืขืจ. 


ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื ืฉื•ื•ืขืกื˜ืขื–ืจืœ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืŸื ื˜} ื ื•ื™ื–ื˜ 
ื–ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ {ืคืึทืจืœืึธื–ืŸ|-- 

ืื•ื™ืฃ ื•ื•ืขืžืขืŸ, ื”ืขืจืฉืขืœืข,ืŸ 
{ื”ืึธืกื˜ื• ืื•ื ื“ื– ื’ืขืœืึธื–ืŸ?ืŸ 


ื ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜ ืœื™ื“ืขืจ} 
ื•ืึทืŸ ืฐืฒึทื‘ ืื•ืŸ |ืฆ}ื•ื•ื™ื™ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ -- 


ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื‘ื™ืช-ืขื•ืœื 
ื“ืขื ื˜ืึธื’, {ื“ืขืืŸ ืœื™ื ื“ืŸ. 


ืฐืึทืŸืจืฉืขืŸ 1941 1/16 


278 


ืึทืจื™ื™ื ืคื™ืจ 21 


ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ืœื™ื“ "ื“ื™ ื›ืจืึธื ื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืขืจืฉืขืœืขืก ื˜ื•ื™ื˜" (ื–ืข: ื ื•ืž' 20), ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ 
ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœ- ืึท ืžื™ืŸ ื”ืกืคึผื“ ืฆื•ื ื˜ื•ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึธืœืงืกืคึผืึธืขื˜ ื”ืขืจืฉ ื“ืึทื ื™ืขืœืฐื™ื˜ืฉ. ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืขืจื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืคึผืจืขืกืข, ืื™ืŸ: ื“ืจื•ืจ, ืื™ื™ืจ -- ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉ"ื 262 ื˜ืขืจ ืึทืคึผืจื™ืœ-- 25 ื˜ืขืจ ื™ื•ื ื™ 11941:, ื ื•ืž' 13 
(7-- 8) ื–ื–' 34 -- 36, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ: ื™. ื“ืึทืฐื™ื“ื–ืึธืŸ -- ื™-ืง'ืก ืึท ืคึผืกืขืฐื“ืึธื ื™ื (ื–ืข ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ 
ืึทืจืฒึทื ืคื™ืจ ืฆื• ื ื•ืž' 7). ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื•ื•ืขืจืง ื‘ื™ืœื“ืŸ ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืึทืจืคืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืขืกื˜ ืงืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ 
ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคึผื˜ืœืขื›ืงืฒื˜, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื›ึผื“ื™ ื”ืขืจืฉืขืœืขืŸ ืึธืคึผืฆื•ืจืึทื˜ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ื”ื•ื ื’ืขืจ. 

ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึทืจืฑืกื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ืึท ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ื›ึผืขืก ื‘ืฒึท ื“ื™ ืงื”ืœื”-ืึธื ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ืข, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืึธืคึผื˜ืฒืœื•ื ื’ ืคืึทืจ ืกืึธืฆื™ืึทืœืขืจ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ (ื–ืข ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืึทืจืฒึทื ืคื™ืจ ืฆื• ื ื•ืž' 20). ื“ื™ ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ืข ื“ืจืึธื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ 
ืงื”ื™ืœื”-ื‘ืึทืึทืžื˜ืข ืื•ื™ืฃ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืฆื•ืงืขืจืžืึทื ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ "ื“ืจื•ืจ"-ื‘ืึทืฐืขื’ื•ื ื’, ื”ืึธื˜ ืึทืจืฑืกื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ืึท 
ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืงืขื’ื ืจืขืึทืงืฆื™ืข: ืื™ืŸ ื–ืขืœื‘ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ ืื™ื– ืึทืฐืขืง ืึท ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืขืœืข ืงืึธืžื™ืกื™ืข, ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ืื•ื™ืš ื‘ืึทื˜ืฒืœื™ืงื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืงืขืจ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืฉื™ืคึผืขืจ, ืฆื•ื ืจืืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืคื–ื™ื›ื˜-ืงืึธืžื™ืกื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึธืคึผื˜ืฒืœื•ื ื’ 
ืคืึทืจ ืกืึธืฆื™ืึทืœืขืจ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ-- ื“ืขื ืึทื“ืฐืึธืงืึทื˜ ื’ื•ืกื˜ืึทื•ื• ืฐื™ืขืœื™ืงืึธื•ื•ืกืงื™, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื’ืขืฐืึธืจื ื˜ ืฆื• ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ืึธืคึผื’ืขื”ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื”ืึทื ื“ืœื•ื ื’ (ื–ืข: ืฆื•ืงืจืžืŸ - ืžื‘ืคื ื™ื, ื™"ื’, ื–ื™ 35). 

ื”ืขืจืฉืขืœืข ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึธืจื‘ืŸ ืึท ื’ืขืฉืฐืึธืœืขื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื’ืขืจ. ื“ืึธืก ืึทืจืฑืกืฆื™ึดืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื’ืขืจ-ื’ืขืฉื•ื•ื™ืจ ืื™ื™ื ืขื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืฆืขื ืขืจ ื˜ืฑื™ื–ื ื˜ืขืจ ืึทื–ืขืœื›ืข ืงืจืึทื ืง ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืขื ืข, ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึทืŸ ื‘ืึทื“ืึทืจืคื˜ ืึธืคึผืงืึธืกื˜ืŸ ืึท ืคึผืึธืจ ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜ ื’ื™ืœื“ืŸ. ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจ 
ืื™ื– ื›ึผืžืขื˜ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื’ื•ืจืœ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืขื—ืชืžืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึธืจื•ื™ืก (ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื”ืขืจืฉืขืœืขืก ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ, ื–ืข: 
ืื•ื™ืขืจื‘ืึทืš (1974), ื–ื–ื™ 219 -- 226 ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจื’ืœืฒึทืš ื“ืึธืจื˜, ื–ื™ 317). 

ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“ ืื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื™.ืง'ืก ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคืึทืจื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ, ืžื™ืจ ื“ืจื•ืงืŸ ื“ืึธ ื“ืขื ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืœื•ื™ื˜ืŸ ื“ืขืฉื™ืคึฟืจื™ืจื˜ืŸ 
ืึธืคึผื“ืจื•ืง ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืื™ืŸ "ื“ืจื•ืจ" ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืจืขื’ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื™.ืง. -ืึทืจื›ื™ื•ื• ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ืœื•ื—ืžื™ ื”ื’ื™ื˜ืื•ืช ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื ื•ืž' 
5,. 


"ื™ืึท ืžืึทืืก ืœื™ื“ืœืขืš!" 


(ืฆื• ื”ืขืจืฉืขืœืขืก ื˜ื•ื™ื˜) 


ื”ืขืจืฉืขืœืข! ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืข, ืงืœืึธืจืข, ื‘ืœื•ื™-ืืฑื’ื™ืงืข ืคืึธืœืงืกืœื™ื“ืœ, ืืฒึทื ื’ืขืฐื™ืงืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืœืึทื˜ืขืก, 
ืฉืžืึทื˜ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืจืึทื ื˜ืขืก, ื“ื™ ืคึผืขืจืœ, ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฉืžื™ืจื˜ืข ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืœืึธื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ ืฉืœื™ื›ืึธื˜ืข -- ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ 
ืžืขืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื˜ืึธืคึผื˜ืฉืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืขื ืจื™ืงืึธื•ื• ืึทื”ืขืจ ืฆื•, ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข, ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ืงื™ื™ืŸ 
ื”ืขื ืจื™ืงืึธื•ื•... 

ืขืจ ืฐืขื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืžืขืจ ืึท ื”ื•ื ื’ืขืจื™ืงืขืจ ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ "ืึธื ื’ืขืœืึธื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืœืขื ื’ื•ื˜ืŸ", ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ืจื•ื™ื˜, ืžื™ื˜ ืคืœื™ื™ืฉ, 


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ืžื™ื˜ ืคึผื•ื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืงืขื–ืŸ, ื‘ืึทืฐืฒึทื–ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืฒึท ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืึธืคึผื ืขืžืขืจ ื ืคืึทืจื ืึทื›ื˜ ืคืึทืจืงื™ืจืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท 

ื”ื•ื ื’ืขืจื™ืงืขืจ ืึทื”ื™ื™ื ืึธื ื’ืขืœืึธื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืขืœื˜ืขืจ ืคืึทืจืŸ ื‘ืขืงืขืจ, ืคืึทืจืŸ ืคืœื™ื™ืฉืขืจ, ืคืึทืจืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืœื‘ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ... 

ืฐืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืฆื™ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืึท ื’ื™ืœื“ืŸ ืคืึทืจืŸ ืฐืฒึทื‘ ืื•ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ? | 
ื”ืขืจืฉืขืœืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื”ืึทื ื“ืœื˜. 


ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืจื˜ ื”ืึทื ื“ืœืขืŸ, ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืจื˜ ืึทืจื•ืžืœืฑืคืŸ ื ืึธืš ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืึธืจืขืžืข 
ื’ืจืึธืฉื ืก -- ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืก ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขืงืขื ื˜, ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจืฆื•, ืึท ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ืขืจ ืกื•ื—ืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืš ืึทืŸ ืขืจื’ืขืจืขืจ ืฉื ืึธืจืขืจ-- 

ื“ื™ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ืขื ืืฒื™ื’ื ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืŸ, ื‘ืึทื’ืึทื‘ื˜ืŸ ื”ืขืจืฉืขืœืขืŸ ื“ืขืจืฆื• ื“ืขืจืœืึธื–ื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืึธืจ 
ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ืข ืกื•ื—ืจื™ืžืœืขืš, ื ืึธืจ ืกื•ื—ืจื™ืžืœืขืš ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืขืžืคึผ, ืฉื ืึธืจืขืจ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ 
ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข, ืฉื ืึธืจืขืจ ืคึผืึทืจ ืขืงืกืขืœืึทื ืก! 

ื”ืขืจืฉืขืœืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืึทืคื™ืœื• ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืขื ื’ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ื‘ืึทื“ืึทืจืคื˜ ืคืึทืจื–ืึธืจื’ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืŸืจ} ืฉื˜ื•ื‘, ื“ื™ 
ืฐืฒึทื‘ ืื•ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืฉื˜ื™ืงืœ ื‘ืจื•ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื, ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื˜ื™ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ืœ, ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืœืขืžืคึผืœ, ืื•ืŸ -- ืฉืจืฒื™ื‘! 

ืฐื™ ื“ื™ ืฉื•ื ืžื™ืช ืืœื™ืฉืข ื”ื ื‘ื™ืืŸ -- ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืŸ ืึทืœืงืขืจ! 

ื”ืขืจืฉืขืœืข -- ืฐื™ ืืœื™ืฉืข ื”ื ื‘ื™ื, ื”ืึธื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืกืš ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื‘ืึทื“ืึทืจืคื˜... ื”ืขืจืฉืขืœืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืึทื“ืึทืจืคื˜ ืึท 
ืงืึทืคึผืขื˜ืฉืงืข ืžืขืจ, ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื—ืœื™ืœื” ืคืึทืจ ื–ื™ืš, ื ืึธืจ ืคืึทืจืŸ ืฐืฒึทื‘ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจืœืขืš... ืคืึทืจ ืื™ื ืื™ื– 
ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืขื ื•ื’ ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ืœ! ืื•ืŸ ืžืขืจืขืจ ื•ื™ ืคืึทืจ ืื™ื -- ืคืึทืจ ืื•ื ื“ื–! 

ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืกืš ื”ืขืจืฉืขืœืขืš ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื‘ืฒึท ืื•ื ื“ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ืึธ! ืขืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ืึธ ืคื™ืคื™ืงืขืจืข, ืึธืคึผื’ืขืคึผื•ืฆืฆื˜ืขืจืข, 
ื’ืœืึทื ืฆื™ืงืขืจืข. ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขื›ื˜, ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ืึทืจืฑืกื’ืขื’ืจืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืจื™ืœื™ืึทื ื˜ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข, ื“ื™ ื˜ืฒึทืขืจืข 
ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืœืึธื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืขืจื“ืก ืื™ื ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื“, ื“ื™ ืงื•ื ืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผื•ืฆืŸ ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขืงืขื ื˜, ื ื™ืฉื˜ 
ื–ื™ืš, ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ื™ "ืœื™ื“ืœืขืš" ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขืคึผื•ืฆื˜! 

ืžื™ืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ื, ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืœื™ื“ืขืจ. ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ 
ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ. 

ื–ืึธืœ ืขืจ ืžื™ืจ ืžื•ื—ืœ ื–ืฒึทืŸ, ืคึผืจืฅ... ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื™ืึธืจ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืื•ืŸ ื“ืจืฒึทืกื™ืง ืื™ื– ืขืก ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ, ืžื™ืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื‘ืฒึท 
ืื™ื, ื‘ืฒึท ืคึผืจืฆืŸ ื’ืขื–ืขืกืŸ, ืึท ื’ืึทื ืฆืข ื—ื‘ืจื™ื”, ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขืงืœืึทืคึผื˜ ืฆื• ืื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื˜ื™ืจ... ืคึผืจืฅ ืื™ื– ืึทืจืฑืก 
ืขืคืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืœืึธื–ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืข ื˜ื™ืจ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธืจื™ื“ืึธืจืงืข ืึธืคึผืŸ, ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืขืคึผื ื˜ ื“ืขื ืืฒึทื ื’ืึทื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื’ืึทืก ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ ืึท ื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืง ื‘ื—ื•ืจืœ ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืŸ ืึทืจืึธืคึผื’ืขืœืึธื–ืขื ืขื ื”ื™ื˜ืœ ื›ึผืžืขื˜ ื‘ื™ื– ื“ื™ ื‘ืœื•ื™ืข ืึธื‘ืขืจ 
ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ื•ื™ืฉืข ืืฑื™ื’ืŸ... ืคึผืจืฅ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ืขืจืงืขื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืคืจืขื’ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืคึผืฑืœื™ืฉ: 

-- ืฆืึธ ืคึผืึธื˜ื–ืฉืขื‘ืฑืขืฉ? 

-- ื™ืึท ืžืึทืก ืœื™ื“ืœืขืš!-- ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื“ืึธืก ื‘ื—ื•ืจืœ ื’ืขืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื˜. 

ืก'ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื”ืขืจืฉืขืœืข. ืคึผืจืฅ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ืœื›ืชึผื—ื™ืœื” ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ืขืจืงืขื ื˜. 


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ื ืึธืš ืึท ืžืึธืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืื™ื ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ืขืจืงืขื ื˜. ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื–ืขืกืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืคึผืจืฆืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืึธืš ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืœืึธื–ืฉืข 
ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขืึทื˜ืขืจ. ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืึทืงื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืึท ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืื™ื– ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ ื”ืขืจืฉืขืœืข. ื”ืขืจืฉืขืœืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืึท ื‘ื™ืกืœ 
ืื•ืžื’ืขืœื•ืžืคึผืขืจื˜ ืึท ืคืจืขื’ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื™ื ืข ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืœื™ื“ืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก ืคึผืจืฅ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธืคึผื ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืจ 
ืึทืŸ ืืฑืกื’ืึทื‘ืข. 

ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื˜ืึทืงืข ื ืึธืจ ื’ืขืคืจืขื’ื˜ ืื•ืžื’ืขืœื•ืžืคึผืขืจื˜ ืืฑืฃ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืœื™ื“ืขืจ, ื”ืขืจืฉืขืœืข, ื“ื™ 
ืื•ืžื’ืขืœื•ืžืคึผืขืจื˜ืงืฒื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื’ืขื”ืึทื˜ ื’ืึธืจ ืึธ ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจืŸ ื—ืŸ, ื“ืขื ื—ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ "ื™ืึท ืžืึทื ืœื™ื“ืœืขืš"... 
ืคึผืจืฅ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขืึทื˜ืขืจ-ื˜ื•ืžืœ, ืื™ืŸ ื˜ื•ืžืœ ืคื•ืŸ "ื‘ื™ืŸ ืึทืงื˜ ืœืึทืงื˜" ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ืึทื ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื, ื”ื’ื ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืขืœืข ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืคืจืขืžื“ ืึท ื–ืึธื’ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ: ื•ื•ื™ืœื˜ ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื ืึธืจืึทืจ! 

ืึทืจืฒึทื ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืงื˜ ื“ืขืจื‘ืฒื™ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื”ืึทื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ื–ืŸื“ืงืขืฉืขื ืข, ืึทืจื™ืกื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืึท ื”ื•ื™ืคืŸ ืจื•ืกื™ืฉืข ืจื•ื‘ืœืก ืื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจืœืึทื ื’ื˜ ืื™ื-- 

ื”ืขืจืฉืขืœืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืก ื’ืขืœื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ, ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื“ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืึทืจืฑืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืœืึธื–ืฉืข 
ืึธืŸ ืึท ื–ืฒึท-ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜. 

ืคึผืจืฅ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืข ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ืขืจืงืขื ื˜- ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ 
ืฉื ืึธืจืขืจ, ื”ืขืจืฉืขืœืข! 

ื“ืขืจ ืขื•ืœ-ืคึผืจื ืกื”, ื“ื™ ื“ืื’ื” ื“ื™ ืื‘ื™ืงืข ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ืžืฉืคึผื—ื” ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื’ืขื ืฑื˜, ื’ืขืฆืฐื•ึผื ื’ืขืŸ 
ืึทืจืึธืคึผืฆื•ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืจื“ืข, ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฆื•ื’ืขืคึผืึทืกืงืฒื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’-ื˜ืขื’ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜, ืฆื•ื ืœืขื‘ื ืกืึทืจื˜, 
ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืฐืึธื›ืขื“ื™ืงืฒื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืึทืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ืึทืจืึธืคึผื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืขืจืฉืขืœืข-ื•ื•ืขื’. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ืฉื˜ 
ืคืึทืจืœืึธืจืŸ, ื ืึทืจ ืึทื–ืฑ ื•ื™ ืขืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคืึทืจืœืึธืจืŸ... ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืึทืฆื™ึธื•ื ื’ ืฆื•ื ืœื™ื“, ืฆื•ื 
ื‘ื•ืš, ืฆื• ืฉืจื™ืคื˜ืฉื˜ืขืœืขืจืก ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ... ื“ืึธืก ื’ืจื•ื™ืข ืœืขื‘ืŸ, ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืขืจ "ืึทืจื•ื ืื™ื" ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื 
ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืจื˜... ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืš-- ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืœืึธื–ืŸ ืึท ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ื™ืจื•ืฉื” - 

ืึทืš, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื”ืขืจืฉืขืœืข ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื“ื™ ืงื•ื ืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืœืฒึทืคืŸ!... 

ืฆื• ืจื™ื™ื ืข, ืืžืชืข ืงื•ื ืกื˜ ื•ืขืŸ ืžืขืŸ ืงืขืŸ ื ืึธืš ื“ื™ ืงื•ื ืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึธ ืึท ื’ืœืขื˜ ื˜ืึธืŸ, ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึธ ืึท ืงืจืึทืฅ ื˜ืึธืŸ, 
ื“ืึธ ืึท ืœืขืง ื˜ืึธืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธ ืึท ืžืขืง ื˜ืึธืŸ -- ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ืŸ ืื™ื ื“ืขืจื–ืขืŸ, ื”ืขืจืฉืขืœืขืŸ! 

ื”ืขืจืฉืขืœืข ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื’ืขืจ, ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฉื•ืœื“ื™ืง. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜, ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜, ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืึทืžืคึผืขืจื˜, ื’ืขืงืœืึทืคึผื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ื™ืจืŸ, ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฉื˜ืึทืจืง, ืฉื˜ืึทืจืง ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ 
ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขืงืขื ื˜, ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜ ื•ื™ ืึทื–ืฑ,., 


ืขืžืขืฆืขืจ, ืึท ื˜ื•ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืฐื•ืœื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ืก-ืึทื ืฉื˜ืึทืœื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืฆื• ืึท ืฆื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื˜ื•ืขืจ, ืึท 
ืงืœืขื ืขืจืŸ: ื’ื™ื˜ ื”ืขืจืฉืขืœืขืŸ ืคื™ื ืฃ ื–ืœืึธื˜ืขืก. -- ื”ืึธื˜ ื”ืขืจืฉืขืœืข ื’ืขืฐืึทืจื˜, ื’ืขืฐืึทืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข 


ืฉืขื”... ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื˜ื•ืขืจ, ื“ืขืจ ืงืœืขื ืขืจืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื”ืึทื˜ ืึท ืฆืขืŸ"ื–ืœืึธื˜ืข ืฉื˜ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืก ื‘ืฉื•ื 
ืื•ืคืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขืงืขื ื˜ ื‘ืฒึทื˜ืŸ... 


ื”ืขืจืฉืขืœืข ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืฐืึธืœืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื’ืขืจ. ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืึทืจื•ืžื’ืขืœืึธืคึฟืŸ ืึท ื’ืขืฉืฐืึธืœืขื ืขืจ, ืฆื•ื’ืขื›ืึทืคึผื˜ 
ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ืึท ืฉื˜ื™ืงืœ ื‘ืจื•ื™ื˜, ืฆื• ืึท ื’ืœืึธื– ื˜ื™ื™ ืžื™ื˜ ืกืึทื›ืึทืจื™ื ืงืข, ืึทืจืฑืกื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืึท ื“ื™ืงืŸ ื ืึธื˜ื™ืฆื‘ื™ื›ืœ ืื•ืŸ 
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ืึทืจืฑืกื’ืขืœืขื–ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ ืœื™ื“ืขืจ -- ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขืคืฒึทืœื˜ืข, ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขืฉืœื™ืคืขื ืข -- ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืœื™ื“ืขืจ! ื”ืขืจืฉืขืœืข- 
ืœื™ื“ืขืจ, ืขื›ื˜ืข. | 

ืขื›ื˜ืข ืœื™ื“ืขืจ -- ื–ื™ ืžืขื’ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื™ืŸ ืฉืœืขื›ื˜, ืื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ืจื” ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ ื‘ืึทืฆืึธืœื˜ ืžืขืจ ื•ื™ ืึท ื’ื•ื˜ ืœื™ื“ืœ ื‘ืฒื™ 
ืžื™ื˜ืœืžืขืกื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ. 

ื”ืขืจืฉืขืœืข ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืึทืฐืขืง ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜. ืขืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื–ืึทื˜ืขืจื”ืฒื˜ ื’ืขืœืขื‘ื˜ ืื•ืŸ 
ื’ืขืœืขื‘ื˜... ื”ืขืจืฉืขืœืข ืื™ื– ื–ืึทื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื˜ืจื•ืงืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืงืœ ื‘ืจื•ื™ื˜. 

ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื•ืคึผืงืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ, ืึท ื–ื•ืคึผืงืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ืงื ืึทืคึผ ืฐืึธืก ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ .. ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืื™ื 
ืžื›ื‘ื“ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื˜ืขืœืขืจ ื–ื•ืคึผ-- ืื™ื– ืžื”ื™ื›ื-ืชึผื™ืชื™, ืฆื• ืึท ืฉื˜ื™ืงืœ ื‘ืจื•ื™ื˜ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืขืก ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜... ืึท 
ืฉื˜ื™ืงืœ ื‘ืจื•ื™ื˜ ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื”ืขืจืฉืขืœืขืก ื”ืึทื ื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฆืขืœื•ืžืขื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ, ืึท ืงืจื™ืฉืขืœืข ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ 
ืœืื™ื‘ื•ื“, ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึทืจืึธืคึผื’ืขืคืึทืœืŸ ื—ืœื™ืœื” ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืจ'ืขืจื“, ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฆื•ื’ืขืงืœืขืคึผื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ืึท ืคื™ื ื’ืขืจ, ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ 
ื”ืขื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืฐื™ื ืงืœ ืคื•ื ืขื ืžื•ื™ืœ. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืก, ื“ืึธืก ืฉื˜ื™ืงืœ ื‘ืจื•ื™ื˜ ืื™ื ื’ืึทื ืฆืŸ ืคืึทืจืฆืขืจื˜ - ืขืก ืื™ื– 
ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืงื ืึทืคึผ... ืฐืึธืก ืึท ื˜ืึธื’ ืงื ืึทืคึผืขืจ. ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ื ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ืึท ืฆืขืŸ ื˜ืขื’ ืคืึทืจืŸ ืฉื˜ืึทืจื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท 
ืงื™ืš, ืึท ืฆืขื˜ื•ืžืœื˜ืŸ ืึท ื‘ื™ืกืœ... ื”ืึท? ืฐืึธืก?... 

ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขืคืจืขื’ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึทืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึทืŸ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ืงื™ื ื“ื™ืฉ ืคืึทืจืฐื•ึผื ื“ืขืจื˜: 
ื”ืึท? 

ืก'ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ื‘ืœื™ืง, ืึท ื˜ืึทืžืœืขื ื™ืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜... ืก'ืื™ื– ืึทื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขื“ืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืฉืคึผืึทืจื˜ 
ื“ืึธืก ื’ืขื™ื•ื™ืจืขื ืข ื’ืขืฉื•ื•ื™ืœืขื›ืฅ... ืก'ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื”ืขืจืฉืขืœืข! ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืžื™ืš ืึทื–ืฉ ื“ืขืจืฉืจืึธืงืŸ... 
ื“ืึธืก ื™ืขื ืขื•ื•ืขืœื˜ื™ืงืข ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื’ืขืฉืฐืึธืœืขื ืขื ืคึผื ื™ื ื“ืขืจืฉืจืขืงื˜... ืื™ืš ื–ืข ื™ืขื“ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ืข ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฆื•ื™ื’ืŸ 
ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื’ืึทืกืŸ, ืื™ืš ื–ืข ื–ื™ ืคืึทืœืŸ, ืื•ืŸ - ืœืึธืžื™ืจ ืจืขื“ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข ืื•ืžืขื˜ื™ืงืข ื–ืึทื›ืŸ, ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ืžืขื˜ื™ืงืขืจืข, 
ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืจืขืงืœืขื›ืขืจืข ื–ืึทื›ืŸ, ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืขืจืฉืขืœืขืŸ, ืฆืขืŸ ื˜ืขื’ ืคืึทืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉื˜ืึทืจื‘ืŸ-- 

ื”ืขืœืคืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ืื™ื ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขื ืžืึธืžืขื ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ ื–ื™ืš 
ืึธืคึผื’ืขืจื•ืงื˜ -- ืฐืฒึทืœ ืก'ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื”ืขืจืฉืขืœืข, ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื”ืขืจืฉืขืœืข! ื”ืขืจืฉืขืœืข ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขืจ 
ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ! ืึท ื’ืึทืกื˜... 

ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ ื–ื™ืš ืขืก ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฉืขื ืงืขืŸ! 

ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื™ื’ื ื˜ืœืขืš? ืฐืึธืก ืฐืขืœ ืื™ืš ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฉืขื ืงืขืŸ? ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ืœื“ื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืกืš ื–ืึทื›ืŸ. ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืึท 
ืคืจื•ื™, ืื•ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš, ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืš ื ืึธืขื ื˜ืข, ืื•ืŸ ืึท ื”ืึทืœื‘ืขืจ ืžื™ืœื™ืึธืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืึทื“ื•ืจืš ืคืึทืจ ื“ื™ 
ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืงืึทืจืžืขืœื™ืฆืงืข, ืงืึทื ื“ื™ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ, ืงืึทื ื“ื™ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ, ืคืึทืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืื™ืš ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื‘ืึทื“ืึทืจืคืก ืขืคึผืขืก 
ื˜ืึธืŸ, ื‘ืึธื“ืฒึท ืื•ืžืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื”ืขืœืคืŸ ื–ื™ ืžื™ื˜ ืขืคึผืขืก ืฐืึธืก - 

ืื™ืŸ ื”ืขืจืฉืขืœืขืก ื˜ื•ื˜ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฉื•ืœื“ื™ืง. 

ื”ืขืจืฉืขืœืขืŸ ื“ืึทืจืคืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ... 

ื“ื™, ื‘ืฒึท ื•ื•ืขืžืขืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืึท ืคื™ื ืคืขืจืœ ืฆื™ ื ืึธืš ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ-- ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ื ื’ืขื“ืึทืจืคื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืŸ -- 
ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜! ื˜ืฑื™ื–ื ื˜ ื–ืœืึธื˜ืขืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ื‘ืจื•ื™ื˜.., 

ืื™ืจ ืฐื™ื™ืกื˜ ื“ืึธืš ื™ืึธ, ืื™ืจ ื”ืขืจืŸ, ืฆื• ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื”ืขืจืฉืขืœืข ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉืฐืึธืœืขื ืข, ืคืึทืจืื™ื™ื˜ืขืจื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ 


282 


ืฐื•ึผื ื“ืŸ ืคื™ืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขืงืœืึทืคึผื˜, ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื“ืึธืš ื™ืึธ ืฐืึธืก ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืคืœ ืžืขืŸ ื“ืึทืจืฃ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ืึทื˜ ืึธื ืขืกืŸ 
ื–ื™ืš... 

ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ืฆื•ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืคืŸ, ื”ืขืจืฉืขืœืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื–ืœืึธื˜ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืึท ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืืฒึทืขืจ 
ืื™ื ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื“ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื‘ืึธื ื˜ืฉืข-ืฉืฐืฒึทื’ืก ื”ืฉื‚ื’ื•ืช... | 

ื”ืขืจืฉืขืœืข, ืžืฒึทื™ื ืข ืœื™ื‘ืข ื”ืขืจืŸ, ืื™ื– ื—ืฉื•ื‘ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืฆืขืก ื”ืขืœื“. ื”ืขืจืฉืขืœืขืก ื”ืฉื‚ื’ื•ืช ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ "ื“ื™ 
ื‘ื•ืœืงืข ืžื™ื˜ ืคึผื•ื˜ืขืจ" ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื˜ืึทืงืข ื’ืขื’ืœื™ื›ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทื’ืจื™ืคืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืึธื ื˜ืฉืข-ืฉืฐืฒึทื’... ื”ืขืจืฉืขืœืข ืึธื‘ืขืจ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืœื™ื“ืขืจ. 

ื™ืึท ืžืึทื ืœื™ื“ืœืขืš! ืก'ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืขืคึผืขืก ืฐืึธืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื™ื‘ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜, ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื™ืžืœื–ืึทื›ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“. 

ืื™ืจ ืžืขื’ื˜ ืขืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ! ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืขืจ ื˜ืขืžืคึผืงืฒื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืืฒึทืขืจ ืึธื ืึทื—ืจื™ื•ืชื“ื™ืงืŸ 
ื”ืึทื ื“ืœืขืŸ, ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึธืคึผื’ืขื”ื™ื˜ ื’ืึธื˜ืก ืคืฒื™ืขืจ ืื•ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“, ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข, ืื™ืŸ ืขื ื’ืŸ, ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ. 

ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ืขืจ ื’ืขื•ื™ืกืŸ. 

ื™. ื“ืึทืฐื™ื“ื–ืึธืŸ. 


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ืึทืจืฒึทื ืคื™ืจ 22 


ื‘ืึทืงืึทื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ืื•ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ "ืื™ืŸ ืงืขืœืขืจืฉื˜ื•ื‘". ื ืึธืš ื“ืขืจ ืžืœื—ืžื” ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ 
ืื™ืŸ: ื‘ืœืขื˜ืขืจ ืคืึทืจ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข, ื‘ืึทื ื“ ื–ื–ื 1954, ื”ืขืคื˜ 3-2, ื–ื–ื™ 208-206. ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ 
ื“ืขื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืžืึทื™ 1941. ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“ ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคืึทืจื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ. ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ "ื‘ืœืขื˜ืขืจ ืคืึทืจ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข" ืื™ื– 
ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืกืžืš ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืžืึทืฉื™ืŸ-ืงืึธืคึผื™ืข, ืึธืŸ ืึทืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืฉืจื™ืคื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ื™ืจื˜ ื•ื™ ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜. ื“ื™ ืงืึธืคึผื™ืข ื’ืขืคื™ื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืจื™ื ื’ืขืœื‘ืœื•ื-ืึทืจื›ื™ื•ื• ืื™ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืŸ ืื™ื ืกื˜ื™ื˜ื•ื˜ 
ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข (ื–ืข: ื“ืึธืจื˜, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืขืจื” ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ืฒึทื˜ 206; ืคืึทืจื’ืœืฒึทืš: ืžืึทืจืง (1954), ื–ื™ 93). 

ืก'ืื™ื– ืžืŸ-ื”ืกืชึผื ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืคืึทืœ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฐืึธืก ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ืื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืง ืœื™ื“ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืกืึธืฆื™ืึทืœืข ืงืขื’ื ื–ืึทืฆืŸ ืื•ืŸ 
ืขืงืกื˜ืจืขืžืข ืฐืฑื“ืขืจืึทื ืึทื ื“ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืึธืจืขื ืื•ืŸ ืจืฒึทืš ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ, ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื“ืขื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืžืึทื™ 1941, 
ื™.ืง'ืก "ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืœ" ืฐืขืจื˜ ื’ืขื“ืขื ืงื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ ืžื™ื˜ ืžืึทืจื™ืึท ืงืึธื ืึธืคึผื ื™ืฆืงืึทืก ืึท ืœื™ื“ 
ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ "ืื™ืŸ ืงืขืœืขืจ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘", ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ ื“ื™ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืข ืขื ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจืึทืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข (ื–ืข: 
ืžืึทืจืง (1954), ื–ื™ 97). 

ืื™ื™ื ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜-ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึทืกื ื˜ืฑื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ, ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื’ืขืจ, ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ืขืก 
ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืื•ืกื’ืขื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืข ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜ืขืจ ืึท ื™ืึธืจ. ืื™ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ 1941 ืึทืœืฒืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึธืจื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ 1096 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืืฒึทื ื•ื•ื•ื ืขืจ (ืึทืจื•ื 43.000 ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ), ื“ืขืจ ืขื™ืงืจ ืžื—ืžืช ื”ื•ื ื’ืขืจ (ื–ืข: 26 211010206 0802018 ,210002 8ื˜ืกื–ืกืฐืก 
6 021528404ื˜ .1942 .ื–.ืฉ ืžื–!91ืฉ0219284 804016 ืฉืฉ ืกืช2ืž0ืืฅื˜ื˜ ืฐื–81006) 

ืื™ืŸ "ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืœ" ื‘ืึทืœืฒึทื›ื˜ ื™.ืง. ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ื™ ืึทื–ืฑ ื’ืขืจื•ืคืขื ืข "ืงืœืึทืกืŸ ืฐื™ื“ืขืจืึทื ืึทื ื“ืŸ" ืฆื™ ื“ื™ ืึทื–ืฑ ื’ืขืจื•ืคืขื ืข 
"ืกืึธืฆื™ืึทืœืข ื™ื•ื“ื ืจืึทื˜ื™ืฉืข ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื“ืจื™ืงื•ื ื’", ื ืึธืจ ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื˜ ืึท ื˜ืจืึทื’ื™ืฉืข ื˜ืึธื’ื™ื˜ืขื’ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจ 
ืฆืขืงืจื™ืžื˜ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื ืœืึธื–ื™ืงืฒื˜. ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื›ึผืขืก, ื ืึธืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืฐื™ื™ื˜ืึธื’ ืื•ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจื‘ื™ื˜ืขืจื˜ืงืฒื˜ ื‘ืึทืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื˜ ืขืจ ื“ืขื 
ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืžืฉืคึผื—ื” ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืจืฒึท ื ืคืฉื•ืช, ื“ืจืฒึท ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฆืข 3.821 ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึธืจื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืŸ ืขื ืœืขื›ืŸ 
ื˜ื•ื˜ - ื‘ืžืฉืš ื“ืขื ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืžืึทื™ 1941. ืขืจ ื˜ื•ื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืคืึธืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื‘ื™ืœื“ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืึท ืฐืฑืœื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜-ื‘ืึทืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท 
ื”ื•ื™ื–-ืงืึธืžื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื“ื™ ื ื•ื™ื˜-ื‘ืึทื“ืขืจืคื˜ื™ืงืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื”ื•ื™ืฃ. ื“ื™ ื”ื™ืœืฃ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืฆื• ืฉืคึผืขื˜, ืฐืฒึทืœ 
ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึทื˜ืข, ื“ื™ ืžืึทืžืข ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืงื™ื ื“-- ืฉื˜ืึทืจื‘ืŸ ืื•ื™ืก ืืฒื™ื ืฆื™ืงืฐืฒึทื– ืื™ืŸ ืงืขืœืขืจืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ืขืช ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืœ ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ 
ืคื•ืœืŸ ื’ืึทื ื’ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืื™ื™ื‘ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึธืง. | 

ืื™ืŸ "ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืœ" ืžื™ื™ื ื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื™.ืง. ืึทืจืฑืกืฆื•ื˜ืจืขื˜ืŸ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืงืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื˜ "ื˜ืึทื ืฅ ืฆืฐื™ืฉืŸ ืžืชื™ื" (ื–ืข ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื•ื ื“ื™ืฉืŸ 
ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืขืจื“ื™ืฉืŸ: ื‘ื™ื•ืœืขื˜ื™ืŸ, 20.12.1941, ื–ื™ 15) ืคื•ืŸ ืฆืขื ื“ืœื™ืงืขืจ ืคืึทืจืฐืฒึทืœื•ื ื’ื˜ ืขืจื˜ืขืจ -- ืงืึทืคึผืขืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืงืœื•ื‘ืŸ 
ืžื™ื˜ ืจืขืกื˜ืึธืจืึทื ืขืŸ, ืฐื•ึผ ืึท ืงืœื™ื™ื ืข ืžื™ื ื“ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ-"ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื" (ืจืฒึทื›ืข ืฉืžื•ื’ืœืขืจืก, ืžื™ื˜ื’ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ืจืฒึทื™ืฆืขื ื˜ืœ ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืคึผืึธืœื™ืฆืฒ, ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืข ื™ื•ื“ื ืจืึทื˜-ืึธื ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ ืึทืคื™ืœื• ืคึผืึธืœืึทืงืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉืŸ) 
ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ืฐื•ื™ืœื’ื™ื™ืŸ (ื–ืข: ื’ื•ื˜ืžืŸ (1977), ื–ื™ 138). ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืœื™ื“ืขืจ-ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ืึทืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ ืึท "ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœืขืจืข" 
ื“ืขืจืฉืฒึทื ื•ื ื’, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจ ืึท ื˜ื™ืฃ-ื˜ืจืึทื’ื™ืฉืข -- ื“ื™ ืื•ืžื‘ืึทื”ืึธืœืคื ืงืฒื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืึทืœืฒื ื”ื™ืœืฃ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืื™ื– 
ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืคื™ืœืึทื ื˜ืจืึธืคึผื™ืข ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ืื•ืžืคืขื™ึดืง ืฆื• ื“ืขืจื™ืึธื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ื•ื™ื˜. 

ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ืคืขืจื˜ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ 1941 ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทื ืขืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืŸ ืฆื™ื™ื›ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืฉื˜ืึทืจืงืขืจ ืคืึทืจื’ืจืขืกืขืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืึทืจื‘ื™ืงืฒื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจื’ืœืฒึทืš ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ 1940. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึธื ื”ืฒื™ื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืชึผืงื•ืคื” ืคื•ืŸ 
ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ืึทืจืงื˜ืขืจ "ืื•ืžื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ืขืจ ืืฑืกืจืึธื˜ื•ื ื’" (ื–ืข: ื’ื•ื˜ืžืŸ (1977), ื–' 82), ืื•ืŸ "ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืœ" ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื‘ืึทืœืฑื›ื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึธืจืžื•ืœื™ืจื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืคื™ืœืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ -- ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืฉื‚ื’ื•ืช ืื•ื™ืฃ -- ื“ืขืจ ื“ืขืคืึธืจืžื™ืจื˜ืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ-ืฐื™ืจืงืœืขื›ืงืฒื™ื˜ 


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ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจืข ื’ืจื•ื™ืœืŸ (ื–ืข ืื•ื™ืš ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื™-ืง'ืก "ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื’ืขืจ", ื ื•ืž' 23). 

ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื ื”ืึทืœื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ ื‘ืึทืงืึทื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ, ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืœืขื‘ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ืง'ืก 
ืคืจืฒึทื ื“ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ืขืŸ ื“ืขื ืื™ื ื”ืึทืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ื–ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืช, ื ืึธืš ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืก'ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ืฆื•ื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืžืึธืœ 
(ื–ืข: ืœื•ื™ืŸ, ืœ., ื–ื™ 647; ืฆื•ืงืจืžืŸ - ืžื‘ืคื ื™ื, ื™"ื’, ื–ื™ 32; ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจื’ืœืฒึทื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ืžืขื ื˜ืึทืœืก ืจืฉื™ืžื”, ื–ื™ 188, 
ื”ืขืจื” ื ื•ืž' 10). ืžื™ืจ ื“ืจื•ืงืŸ ื“ืึธ ื“ืขื ื˜ืขืงืกื˜, ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืœื•ื™ื˜ "ื‘ืœืขื˜ืขืจ ืคืึทืจ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข" ืฐื•ึผ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืื™ื– 
ืึท ืคืึทืจื’ืจืฒึทื™ื–ื˜ืขืจ, ื ืึธืจ ืื•ื™ืš ืœื•ื˜ ืึท ืคืึทืงืกื™ืžื™ืœื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืขื ืขืจ ืฉืจืฒึทื™ื‘ืžืึทืฉื™ืŸ-ืงืึธืคึผื™ืข, ื“ืขื ืคืจื™ืกื˜ืŸ 
ืžืงื•ืจ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืคึผื’ืขืจืึทื˜ืขืฐืขื˜- ืจืขื’ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื™.ืง.-ืึทืจื›ื™ื•ื• ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ืœื•ื—ืžื™ ื”ื’ื™ื˜ืื•ืช ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื ื•ืž' 
1 ื. 


ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืœ 


ืื™ืŸ ืงืขืœืขืจ ืื™ื– ืฉื˜ืึธืง ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจ 
ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ืฉื˜ืึธืง, 
ืคืจื™ื™ื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืงืขืœืขืจ-- 
ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืœืฒึทื›ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื•ื™ ื‘ืฒึท ื˜ืึธื’! 


ืื™ืŸ ืงืขืœืขืจ ืื™ื– ืึท ื”ื•ื ื’ืขืจ, 
ืžืขืŸ ืงื•ืงื˜ ืึทืจืฑืฃ ืฆื•ื ื–ืึทืœ-- 
ืคืจื™ื™ื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืงืขืœืขืจ: 
ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ื– ืึท ื‘ืึทืœ... 


ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืœืขืจ ืงืœืึทืคึผืŸ -- ืงืœืึทืคึผืŸ, 

ืึท ื˜ื•ืžืœ ื“ื•ืžืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขืกื˜. 

ืคืจื™ื™ื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืงืขืœืขืจ. 

ืžืขืŸ ื˜ืจื™ื ืงื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืžืขืŸ ืขืกื˜. 


ืžืขืŸ ืขืกื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืžืขืŸ ื˜ืจื™ื ืงื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜ 
ืžืขืŸ ื˜ืฉืึทืžืงืขื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืžื•ื™ืœ, 


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ืคืจื™ื™ื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืงืขืœืขืจ: 
ืฐื•ื•ื™ืœ ืื•ื ื“ื–, ื•ื•ื•ื™ืœ, ืึธ ืฐื•ื™ืœ! 


ืžืขืŸ ืขืกื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืžืขืŸ ื˜ืจื™ื ืงื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜ 
ืคื•ืŸ ืึธื ื”ืฑื‘ ื ืึทื›ื˜ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืคึผืขื˜-- 

ืขืก ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื ื‘ืึทืœ ื ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ 

ื“ืขืจ ื ืึทื ืฆืขืจ ืงืึธืžื™ื˜ืขื˜, 


ื“ื™ ืืฒึทื ื•ืฐืฑื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ืจื•ืช, 
ืคื•ืŸ ืจืฒึทื›ืข ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก, 
ื–ื™ื™ ืฐืฒึทืœืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช 

ื“ื™ ืึธืจืขืžืข ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื–. 


ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ 
ืคืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืขื ืข ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื’ืขืกื˜-- 

ืคืจื™ื™ื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืงืขืœืขืจ, 

ืžืขืŸ ื˜ืจื™ื ืงื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืžืขืŸ ืขืกื˜. 


ืึธ ื˜ืึทื˜ืขื ื™ื•, ื ื™ื˜ ื’ื•ืกืข, 
ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืคืึทืœื˜ ืึท ืฉืฒึทืŸ; 

ื”ืขืจ, ื”ืขืจ: ืžืขืŸ ืขืคื ื˜ ืคืœืขืฉืขืจ, 
ืžืขืŸ ื˜ืจื™ื ืงื˜ ืขืก ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ ืฐืฒึทืŸ. 


ืก'ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืึธืก... ืึท ืคึผืจืึธืคึผืŸ 
ืฉืคึผืจื™ื ื’ื˜ ืึทืจืฑืก ืคื•ืŸ ืคืœืึทืฉ; 
ื”ืขืจ, ื”ืขืจ ื ืึธืจ ื“ื™ ืœื—ื™ื™ืžืก 

ืฆื• ื™ืขื“ืŸ ื’ืœืขื–ืœ ื™ื™"ืฉ. 


ืึธ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคืึทืจื’ืœืึธืฅ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ 

ืื•ืŸ ืงื•ืง ื ื™ื˜ ืึทื–ืฑ ื˜ืจื™ื‘ -- 

ืžืขืŸ ืขืกื˜ ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ืื•ื ื“ื– ื“ืึธืจื˜, 
ืžืขืŸ ื˜ืจื™ื ืงื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘. 


46 


ืึธ ืžืึทืžืขื ื™ื•, ื ื™ื˜ ื—ืœืฉ, 

ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืคืึทืœื˜ ืึท ื’ืœืึทื ืฅ; 

ื”ืขืจ ืงืœืึทื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืคึผื™ืึทื ืข, 

ืžืขืŸ ื“ืจื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืึทื ืฅ... 


ื“ืขืจ ืงืขืœืขืจ ืคืจื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš... ืงื™ื ื“ ืžืฒึทืŸ, 
ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคืึทืจื’ืœื™ื™ื–-- 

ื“ื™ ื”ืขืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืึทืžืขืŸ, 

ื–ื™ื™ ื“ืจื™ื™ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืงืจื™ื™ื–... 


ืคืึทืจื’ืœื™ื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื ื“, ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ, 

ืฐืึทืจื˜ ื‘ื™ื– ืก'ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื˜ืึธื’... ื•ื•ืขืกื˜ ื–ืขืŸ-- 
ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืš ืœื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง, 

ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึทื ืฅ ืื™ืŸ ืคื•ืœืŸ ื‘ืจืขืŸ. 


ื ื™ื˜ ื—ืœืฉ, ืึทืš, ื ื™ื˜ ื—ืœืฉ, 

ืึธ ืžืึทืžืข, ืžืึทืžืข ืœื™ื‘! 

ืžืขืŸ ื˜ืึทื ืฆื˜ ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ืื•ื ื“ื– ื“ืึธืจื˜, 
ืžืขืŸ ื˜ืึทื ืฆื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘... 


ืื™ืŸ ืงืขืœืขืจ ืื™ื– ืฉื˜ืึธืง ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจ, 
ืžืขืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื™ืœ: 
ืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืึทืœ ื“ืึธืจื˜, 
ื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜ ืฆื•ื ืงืึธืจื˜ื ืฉืคึผื™ืœ... 


ืึธ ืงื™ื ื“, ืžืฒึทืŸ ืงื™ื ื“, ืึธ ืฉื˜ืึทืจืง ื–ื™ืš, 
ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจื’ืœื™ื™ื– -- 

ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ืฐืขืจ ื ืขื‘ืขืš ื ืฒึทื ื˜ืœืขืš, 
ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจ ืึท ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื˜ืฒึทื–... 


ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื™ื˜ืขืจ... ืงื•ื™ื ืคืึทืจืฉืคึผื™ืœื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจ, 
ืื™ื– ื“ืึธ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืขืจ ืก'ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื ื˜... 


487 


ืฉืคึผื™ืœ ืื™ื– ืึท ื‘ืœื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ืคืึทืœ, 
ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึท ื’ื•ืจืœ ื‘ืœื™ื ื“... 


ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืึทืจื‘ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื’ืขืจ, 
ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืึทืจื‘ื˜ ื ื™ื˜, ื ื™ื™ืŸ. 
ืขืก ืงืึธืŸ ื“ืึธืš ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืงืึธืจื˜ืŸ 
ืึทืœืขืžืขืŸ ื’ื•ื˜ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ... 


ืคืึทืจืฉืคึผื™ืœืŸ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื ืึทืจื™ืฉ, 

ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืงื•ื ืฅ-- 

ืžืขืŸ ืฉืคึผื™ืœื˜ ื“ืึธืš ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืึธืจื˜, 
ืžืขืŸ ืฉืคึผื™ืœื˜ ื“ืึธืš ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืคืึทืจ ืื•ื ื“ื–! 


124! 


ื˜ืึทื˜ืขื ื™ื•, ื ื™ื˜ ื’ื•ืกืข, 
ืžืึทืžืขื ื™ื•, ื ื™ื˜ ืฉื˜ืึทืจื‘! 

ืขืคืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ ื“ื™ ืืฑื’ืŸ-- 

ืžืขืŸ ืฉืคึผื™ืœื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื“ืจืฒึทืกื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึทืจื‘! 


ืœื’ ;4 


ืื™ืŸ ืงืขืœืขืจ ืื™ื– ืฉื˜ืึธืง ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจ 

ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืฉื˜ืึธืง ืื™ื– ื”ืขืœ-- 

ืื™ืŸ ืงืขืœืขืจ -- ืฉืึท, ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ืฐืขืจ ื“ืึธืจื˜ 
ืืฑืกื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื›ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื–ืขืœ... 


ืื™ืŸ ืงืขืœืขืจ ืื™ื– ืฉื˜ืึธืง ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจ, 

ืึท ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืึทืจื‘ื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืึธืคึผ-- 
ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ -- ืฉืคึผื™ืœื˜ ืžืขืŸ, ืฉืคึผื™ืœื˜ ืžืขืŸ 
ืขืก ืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื“ืœื˜ ืึทื–ืฉ ืื™ืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ... 


ืื™ืŸ ืงืขืœืขืจ ืื™ื– ืฉื˜ืึธืง ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจ.- 
ื“ืึธืก ืงื™ื ื“ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ืื™ืŸ ื ืฑื˜; 

ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืฉืคึผื™ืœื˜ ืžืขืŸ, ืฉืคึผื™ืœื˜ ืžืขืŸ 
ืื•ื™ืฃ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜. 


1258 


ืžืขืŸ ืฉืคึผื™ืœื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืึธืŸ ืจื—ืžื ื•ืช, 
ืžืขืŸ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืฐืึทื‘ืึทื ืง, ืฐืึทื‘ืึทื ืง! 
ืื™ืŸ ืงืขืœืขืจ ื”ื•ื™ื‘ื˜ ืึธืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืขืŸ, 
ืขืก ื“ื•ื™ืขืจื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืœืึทื ื’-- 


ื‘ืึทืœื“ ืฉืฒื™ื ื˜ ื“ื™ ื–ื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ, 
ืคืึทืจ ืึทืœืขืžืขืŸ ืคืึทืจ ืึทืœ' 

ืื™ืŸ ื ืึทืกืŸ, ืงืึทืœื˜ืŸ ืงืขืœืขืจ 

ืคืึทืœื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ ืึท ืฉื˜ืจืึทืœ... 


ืื™ืŸ ื ืึทืกืŸ, ืงืึทืœื˜ืŸ ืงืขืœืขืจ, 

ืฐืขื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืœื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืื•ื™ืš - 

ืขืก ืžืึทื›ื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืืฑื™ืกื ืึทื 
ื“ื™ ื–ื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื•ื™ืš... 


ื“ื™ ื–ื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ, 

ื’ื™ืกื˜ ืึธืคึผ ืžื™ื˜ ืœื™ื›ื˜ ื“ืึธืก ื”ืฑื–-- 
ื“ืขื ืงืขืœืขืจ ื”ื™ืคึผื˜ ื–ื™ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ, 

ื–ื™ ืžืฒึทื“ื˜ ื“ืขื ืงืขืœืขืจ ืื•ื™ืก... 


ืคืึทืจ ืฐืึธืก? ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืึทื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื–ึดื™ 
ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืจื™ึดืขืจ ืฉืขื”, 

ืึทื– ืื™ืŸ ื’ืจืึธืขืŸ ืงืขืœืขืจ 

ืื™ื– ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ืึธ?... 


ื“ื™ ื–ื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ 

ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืฆืฒึทื˜, ืึท ืฆืฒึทื˜.- 
ื“ืขืจ ืงืขืœืขืจ ืœื™ื’ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฉืึธื˜ืŸ, 
ื–ื™ ืงื•ืงื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื–ืฒึทื˜-- 


ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธืžื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืื™ื– ืฆืขืŸ ืžืึธืœ 
ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ื–ื•ืŸ! 


289 


ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธืžื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ, 
ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฆื• ื˜ื•ืŸ... 


ืขืจ ื˜ืจืึธื’ื˜ ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืงืขืœืขืจ 
ืึทืœื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจืขื–ืขืก, ื–ืขื˜! 

ืึท ืฆืขื ืขืจืœ ืึท ื’ืึทื ืฆืŸ, 

/ืึท ื“ืึทื ืง ืื™ื... ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืฆื• ืฉืคึผืขื˜! 


ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึทื˜ืข ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึธืจื‘ืŸ, 

ื“ื™ ืžืึทืžืข ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜, 

ื“ืึธืก ืงื™ื ื“ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจืฐืึทืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ืฉื˜ื™ืงืœ ื‘ืจื•ื™ื˜.., 


ืื•ืžื–ื™ืกื˜ ืึท ื ืึทื›ื˜ ืึท ื’ืึทื ืฆืข 
ื’ืขืคืจื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื™ืœ, 
ืื•ืžื–ื™ืกื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืœ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื–ืŸ 
ืื•ืžื–ื™ืกื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธืจื˜ื ืฉืคึผื™ืœ. 


ืื•ืŸ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ื ืึทื›ื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ 
ื’ืขื ื™ื“ืขืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื•ื™ืš -- 

ืื™ื– ืฉื˜ื™ืœ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืงืขืœืขืจ 
ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืฉื˜ืึธืง ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืš, 


ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื’ืึธืกืŸ 
ืคื•ืŸ ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจ ื”ืขืœ ืึท ืฉืฒึทืŸ; 
ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื’ืขืกืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืจื•ื ืงืขืŸ ืฐืฒึทืŸ. 


ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื ืขื˜ืึทื ืฆื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ, 
ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฉืคึผื™ืœื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึธืก, 
ืก'ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจ ื•ื•ืขืžืขืŸ, 

ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจ ืฐืึธืก. 


290 


ืžืขืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืงืขืœืขืจ, 
ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ื“ ื ื™ื˜, ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื ืฑื˜; 
ืžืขืŸ ืึทืจื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืžืขืŸ ืฐืึทืจื˜ ื ื™ื˜-- 
ืื™ืŸ ืงืขืœืขืจ ื”ืขืจืฉื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜. 
1/5-1 


291 


ืึทืจื™ื™ื ืคื™ืจ 23 


(ื) "ืงื•ื ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึทืก" 
(ื‘) 2 ืึธืŸ ืึท ื ืึธืžืขืŸ+ 


ื“ื™ "ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื’ืขืจ" ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ "ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืขืœื˜" (ื–ืข ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ, ื ื•ืž' 29) ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืึท ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท 
ืฆื™ืงืœ ืœื™ื“ืขืจ, ื‘ืึทืงืึทื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืŸ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ "ืžืฉืคึผื—ื”-ืœื™ื“ืขืจ" ืฐืึธืก ื™.ืง. ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืึธืจื’ืขืœื™ื™ืขื ื˜ ืคืึทืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืข 
ืคืฑืฒึทื ื“ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ (ื–ืข: ื›ืชื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื, ืชืฉื›"ื˜, ื–ื™ 369). 

ืืฑืคึฟืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืจืึทื˜ืขืฐืขื˜ืŸ ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืขืก ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ -- ื›ึผืžืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ 
ืฆืฒึทื˜: (ื) "ืงื•ื ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึทืก" ื“ืขื 28ื˜ืŸ ืžืึทื™ 1941, ืื•ืŸ (ื‘) 2 ืึธืŸ ืึท ื ืึธืžืขืŸ+, ื“ืขื 29ื˜ืŸ ืžืึทื™ 1941. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื 
ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืžืึทื™ 1941 ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ื’ืขืฉื˜ื™ื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืึทืจื‘ื™ืงืฒื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ (ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจื’ืœืฒึทืš ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ 1940) 
ืื•ืฃ 8596, ื ืึธืš ืึท ืคืึทืจื’ืจืขืกืขืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืจื•ื 1494 ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืึทื ื•ืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื– ืคืขื‘ืจื•ืึทืจ 1941, 5796 ืคื•ืŸ ืคืขื‘ืจื•ืึทืจ 
ื‘ื™ื– ืžืขืจืฅ, ืื•ืŸ 286 ืคื•ืŸ ืžืขืจืฅ ื‘ื™ื– ืึทืคึผืจื™ืœ 1941 (ืคึฟืึทืจื’ืœืฒึทืš: ื’ื•ื˜ืžืŸ (1977), ื–ื™ 82; ืื•ืŸ ื–ืข: ื‘ืจื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ - 
ืจื•ื˜ืงื•ึนื‘ืกืงื™). 

ื”ื•ื ื’ืขืจ-- ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืขื™ืงืจ-ืกื™ื‘ื” ืคืึทืจืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆืขื ื“ืœื™ืงืขืจ ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข, ื‘ื™ื–ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ. ืขืก 
ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฉืึทืฆื˜, ืึทื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ 100.000 ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืคืึทืœืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึธื ื”ืฒื™ื‘ ืžืœื—ืžื” 
ื‘ื™ื– ื™ื•ืœื™ 1942 -- ื ืึธืš ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ืžืึทืกืŸ-ืืฑืกืจืึธื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืจื•ื 250.000 ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืึทื•ื•ืขืงื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ืข ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืจืขื‘ืœื™ื ืงืข -- 
ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืขืก ืขืœ-ืคึผื™ ืจื•ื‘ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื’ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืงืจืึทื ืงื”ืฒื™ื˜ืŸ, ืึท ืกืš ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื”ืฑืคึผื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื’ืขืจ ืึทืœื™ื™ืŸ (ื–ืข: ื’ื•ื˜ืžืŸ (1977), ื–ื™ 136; ื–ืข ืื•ื™ืš ื“ื™ ื’ืขื ื•ื™ืข ืืฑืกืคืึธืจืฉื•ื ื’ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื”ื•ื ื’ืขืจ-ืงืจืึทื ืงื”ืฒื˜ ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ 1942, ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืฆื™ื˜ื™ืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึทืจืฒึทื ืคื™ืจ ืฆื• ื ื•ืž' 
6100064..2 002ื–ืกืช)} 

ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืึทืคึผืจื™ืœ-ืžืึทื™ 1941 ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื™.ืง. ืื•ื™ืกืฉืœื™ืกืœืขืš ื ืึธืจ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื’ืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ืื™ืŸ 
ื’ืขื˜ืึธ (ื–ืข: ื ื•ืž' 20, 21, 22, 23), ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื˜ืฑื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื—ื‘ืจ ื“ืขื ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ, ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื˜ื•ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืžืฉืคึผื—ื” ืคื•ืŸ 
ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜ืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ "ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื’ืขืจ"- ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื˜ื•ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืึทืกืŸ, ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื˜ืฑื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืึท 
ืงืึธืœืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ืข ืื™ื‘ืขืจืœืขื‘ื•ื ื’-- ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื™ื, ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึทืก-- ืฐืฒึทืœ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืึทืจืฑืก ืฉื˜ืึทืจื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืึทืกืŸ 
(ืคืึทืจื’ืœืฒึทืš: ื’ื•ื˜ืžืŸ (1977), ื–ื™ 137-- 138). ื“ืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื˜ืฑื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ื”ื•ื ื’ืขืจ ืฐื•ึผ ืขืก ืฐืขืจื˜ 
ื‘ืึทืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืึท ืฆืขื ื˜ืจืึทืœืขืจ ืึทืกืคึผืขืงื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื ืึทืฆื™ืฉืขืจ "ืื•ืžื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ืขืจ" ืžืึทืกืŸ-ืืฑืกืจืึธื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ (ื–ืข: 
ืึทืฉื (1973), ื–' 258). 

ื‘ืฒึทื ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืœื™ื“, ื•ื•ืขื ื“ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื™.ืง. ืฆื• ื–ืฒึทื™ืŸ ืคืจื•ื™: "ืงื•ื ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึทืก ืึทืจืฑืก... ืงื•ื ืฉื˜ืึทืจื‘ืŸ". ื“ื™ 
ื•ื•ืขื ื“ื•ื ื’ ื“ืึทืจืฃ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ืึทื ืขืŸ ืฐืขืจืŸ, ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื•ื™ ืึท ืจื™ื™ืŸ ืืฑื˜ืึธื‘ื™ืึธื’ืจืึทืคึผื™ืฉืข, ื ืึธืจ ื“ืขืจ ืขื™ืงืจ ื•ื™ ืึทืŸ 
ืื•ื™ืกื“ืจื•ืง ืคื•ืŸ ื™.ืง'ืก ืื™ื“ืขื ื˜ื™ืคื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืข ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื›ึผืœืœ. ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืื™ืŸ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืžืึทื™ 1941, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ 
ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ, - ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ ื˜ืึธื’-ื˜ืขื’ืœืขืš-- ืฆืขื ื“ืœื™ืงืขืจ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ืข ืืฑื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืึธื˜ื•ืึทืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืึทืกืŸ (ื–ืข 
ืจื™ื ื’ืขืœื‘ืœื•ืžืก ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื•ื ื’, ืื™ืŸ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืžืึทื™ 1941, ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืึทืกืŸ, ืฐืฑ ืึท ืžืึทืกืจื“ืขืจืฉืฒึทื ื ื’: 
ืจื™ื ื’ืขืœื‘ืœื•ื, 1 ื–ื™ 263, 268.,265), ืื•ืŸ ืึทืคึผื™ืœื• ื“ื™ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉืŸ ืึทืœื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื‘ืึทืืฒึทื ืคืœื•ืกื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื 
ืื•ื™ืกื–ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืึทืกืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืคืึทืจืึธืจื“ื ื˜ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทื–ืฒึทื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ืข ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืึธื˜ื•ืึทืจืŸ (ื–ืข: ืฆ'ืจื ื™ืืงื•ึนื‘, ื–ื™ 
6 -- ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืคื•ืŸ 21ื˜ืŸ ืžืึทื™ 1941). | 

ืื•ื™ืš ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื™ืŸ ืžืฉืคึผื—ื” ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืœื™ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื’ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื ืึธืขื ื˜ืข 


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ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืจื•ืจ-ื”ื—ืœื•ืฅ (ื–ืข: ืฆื•ืงืจืžืŸ - ืžื‘ืคื ื™ื, ื™"ื’, ื–ื™ 36). ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฉืจืฒื™ื‘ื˜ ื™.ืง. ื“ืขืจ ืขื™ืงืจ ืื™ืŸ 
ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืœื™ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข "ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื’ืขืจ". 

ื“ืขืจ ืึธืจื™ื’ื™ื ืขืœืขืจ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ "ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื’ืขืจ" ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื“ืึธ ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ืฆื•ื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ืœื•ื˜ ื“ื™ ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“ืŸ 
ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืคึผื’ืขืจืึทื˜ืขืฐืขื˜. ื–ื™ื™ ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื™.ืง. -ืึทืจื›ื™ื•ื• ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ืœื•ื—ืžื™ ื”ื’ื™ื˜ืื•ืช, ืจืขื’ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ืจื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ 
ื ื•ืž' 1040/ื–1ื. ืึท ืคืึทืงืกื™ืžื™ืœื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืœื™ื“ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึธืคึผื ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ืช ืœื•ื—ืžื™ 


ื”ื’ื™ื˜ืื•ืช, ื ื™ืกืŸ ืชืฉื™"ื“ -- ืึทืคึผืจื™ืœ 4, ื ื•ืž' 5.- 6, ื–' 15. 


ืœื™|ื“ืขืจ} ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื’ืขืจ 


ื 
ืงื•ื ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึทืก 


ืงื•ื, ื˜ืฒึทืขืจืข, ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึทืก ืึทืจืฑืก, ืงื•ื ืฉื˜ืึทืจื‘ืŸ 

ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืึทืกืŸ, 

ืื•ืฃ ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืึธื˜ื•ืึทืจืŸ ืืฑืฃ ื“ื™ ื”ืึทืจื˜ืข, ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื”ืึทืจื‘ืข-- 
ื ืขื ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข, ื“ื™ ื‘ืœืึทืกืข. 


ื ืขื ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ืขืœื˜ืขืจืŸ, ื“ืขื ืžื™ื˜ืขืœืŸ ื ืขื ืžื™ื˜ 

ื“ืขืจ ื“ืจื™ื˜ืขืจ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืขืจ - ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ื’ืึธืจ ืึท ื™ื•ื ื’ืขืจ, 
ืขืจ ืฐืขื˜ ื‘ืึทืฐืฒึทื–ืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื•ื™ ืึท ื“ืขืจืฐืึทืงืกืขื ืขืจ ืึท ื™ื™ื“ 
ืื•ื™ืกื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื’ืึทืก ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื’ืขืจ. 


ืงื•ื ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึทืก, ืงื•ื ืงื•ื ืื•ื™ืฃ ืงืึทืจืžืขืœื™ืฆืงืึท 
ืžื™ืจ ืคึผืึทืกืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืจื•ืžืœ -- 
ื“ื™ ื’ื™ื™ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืœืŸ, ื“ื™ ื‘ืœืฒึทื™ื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืฆืŸ, -- 
ืื•ื™ืฃ ืงืึทืจืžืขืœื™ืฆืงืึท ืื™ื– ืึท ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ื˜ื•ืžืœ. 


ืงื•ื ืึทืจืฑืก! ืึธ ืงื•ื ืึธึทืจืฑืก ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘-- 

ืึท ืœื™ื™ื“ื™ืงืข ืึท ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ -- ืื™ืš ืฉืขื ืคืึทืจ ื–ื™ืš ืึทืœื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืš-- 
ืœื™ื’ืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืึท ืœืขื‘ืขื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ื‘, 

ืึท ื”ื•ื ื’ืขืจื™ืงืขืจ ื˜ืึธืจ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ื ื™ื˜ ืฉื˜ืึทืจื‘ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ื–ืึทื. 


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ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึทืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืฉืขืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš, ืžืขืŸ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืึทืจืฑืก 

ืžืขืŸ ืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืก ื’ืขืฉืฐืึธืœืขื ืข-ื’ืขื“ืจืึธืœืขื ืข ืื•ืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขื’ื•ืจื˜ืข, 
ืึท ืœืขื’ื™ืึธืŸ ืึท ื’ืึทื ืฆืขืจ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืก, 

ืžืขืŸ ืฉื˜ืึทืจื‘ื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื”ื•ืจื˜ืขื, ื”ื•ืจื˜ืขื 


ืžื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืš, ืžื™ืจ ืฐืขืœืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืึธื˜ื•ืึทืจืŸ, 
ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื•ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ื–ื™ืš -- ืžื™ืจ ืฐืขืœืŸ ืคืึทืœืŸ -- 

ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืœืŸ, ืฆื•ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึทืจืŸ, ื•ึทื”ืึทืจืŸ,} 
ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึทืจื‘ืŸ, ืฉื˜ืึทืจื‘ืŸ ืฐื™ ืขืก ืฉื˜ืึทืจื‘ืŸ ืึทืœืข. 


ืงื•ื ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึทืก... 


ื•ื•ืืจืฉื 
1 -- //28 


ื•ึตืœ ื–ื™ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื’ืขืจ 


ื‘ 

ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ืื™ื– ื’ื•ื˜ ื ืึธืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืคึผืขื ืขืฅ ื‘ืจื•ื™ื˜, 

ื“ื™ ืฉืึทื ืง ืื™ื– ืึธืคึผืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ืึธ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืงืจื™ืฉ-- 

ืงื•ื ืึทืจืฑืก-- ืžื™ืจ ืฉื˜ืึทืจื‘ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ื“ืขื ื”ื•ื ื’ืขืจื˜ื•ื™ื˜, 
ื‘ืฒึท ืึท ืœื™ื™ื“ื™ืงืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืฒึท ืึท ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื“ืขืงื˜ืŸ ื˜ื™ืฉ. 


ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ืื™ื– ื’ื•ื˜ ืฆื• ืœืขื‘ืŸ... ื’ืขื“ืขื ืงืกื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืœืึธื“ื–ืฉ? 
ื“ืขืจ ืขืกืฆื™ืžืขืจ ื‘ืฒึท ืื•ื ื“ื–, ื‘ืึทื”ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืœ ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ื™ืœื“ืขืจ; 
ื“ืขื ืงืœืึธืจืŸ ืฐืฒึทืกืŸ ื˜ื™ืฉื˜ื•ืš ืื•ืŸ... ื’ืขื“ืขื ืงืกื˜ื• ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ 

ื“ืขื ืœืึทื‘ืŸ ื‘ืจื•ื™ื˜... ืึทื ื˜ืฉื•ืœื“ื™ืง ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืš ืฉื™ืœื“ืขืจ'ืก... 


ื’ืขื“ืขื ืงืกื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืœืึธื“ื–ืฉ, ืคึผืึทืจื ืึทื›ื˜? ืขืก ืคืึทืœื˜ ืฆื• ืื•ื ื“ื– ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ 
- ืึท ื›ืึทืœื™ืึทืกื˜ืจืข ืคืจืฒึทื ื“, ื”ื•ื ื’ืขืจื™ืงืข ืึทืœืข ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœืฃ, 
ื’ืขื“ืขื ืงืกื˜ ืก'ื’ืขื‘ืขืงืก, ื“ืขื ืงืขื–, ืžื™ื˜ ืคึผื•ื˜ืขืจ, ืึทืจื•ื ื˜ื™ืฉ ื“ื™ ืคืจืฒึทื ื“ 
ื’ืึธื˜ ื”ืขืœืฃ, ืึธ ืคึฟืจืฒึทื ื“, ืื™ืŸ ืืฒึทืขืจ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืืฒึทื™{ืš| ื’ืึธื˜ ื”ืขืœืฃ! 
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ื’ืขื“ืขื ืงืกื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ืœืขื–ืขืจ ื˜ื™ื™? ื•ื™ ื•ืฐื•ืฒึทืŸ! ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื™ ืฐืฒึทืŸ, 
ื ืึธืจ ื•ื™ ืึท ื’ื™ืกืึธืคึผืคืขืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ืžื–ื‘ื— -- 

ื“ื™ ื‘ืขืกื˜ืข ืฐืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืงืœืึธืจ ืึทื–ืฑ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ, 

ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืึทืŸ ืึทืจืึธืžืึทื˜ ืึทื–ืึท, ืึท ื”ืขืจืœืขื›ืŸ ืึทื–ืึท ืึท ืจื™ื—! 


ื“ื™ ื’ืœืขื–ืขืจ ื˜ื™ื™ ืฐื™ ืฐืฒึทืŸ... ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฐืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื– ืงืึทืœื˜, 

ืฉืึทืžืคึผืึทื ื™ืขืจ ืึทื– ืขืจ ืคึผืึทืจืขื˜... ื™ืึธ, ืื™ื– ืฐืึธืก? ืก'ืื™ ืงืึทืœื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคึผืึทืจืข! 
ื˜ื™ ืคืจื™ืฉ ืคึฟืึทืจืฉืึธื˜ืŸ, ื”ื™ื™ืก... ื•ื•ืขื’ื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืฐืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืึทืœื˜, 

ื˜ื™ื™ ืึท ื’ืœืึธื–... ืึทืš, ืื™ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืขื ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ื™ื™ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ึทื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืจืื”! 


ื’ืขื“ืขื ืงืกื˜ ื“ื™ ืงืœื™ื™ื ืข ืื•ืœื™ืงืขืก? ื“ื™ ื”ืขืจื™ื ื’ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืฐื™ ืคื™ืฉ? 

ืขืจืฉื˜ ืคึฟื•ืœ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ื“ื™ ืคึผืœืึทื˜ืข, ืคื•ืœ! ืื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ -- ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื•ืกื’ืขืœืฒื™ื“ื™ืงื˜! 
ืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขื ืึทืฉื˜, ืžื™ื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜! ืžื™ื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜! 

ืื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทืจื˜ืฉื™ื ืกืงื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ื‘ืจื•ื™ื˜, ื“ืขื ืฐืฒึทืกืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืึทืœืฒื“ื™ืงื˜. 


ื‘ืึทืจื˜ืฉื™ื ืกืงื™ ื ืึธืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืœื™ื‘ ืฆื• ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืกืขื•ื“ื” ื‘ืจื•ื™ื˜ ืึท ืฉื˜ื™ืงืœ 
ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ?... ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึทืœืข ื–ื™ืš ืคืึทืจื–ื™ื ื“ื™ืงื˜; 

ื“ืขืจ ืขื™ืงืจ ืฆื‘ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึทืจืง ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื“ืขื } 
ืจ'ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขื’ืขืกืŸ ื–ืึทื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ื–ืึทื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื ื“ื™ืŸืง}. 


ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฆื‘ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื‘ื™ื˜ืŸ... ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฆื‘ื™, ืžืฒึทืŸ ื–ื™{ืกื–ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื ื’ืœ! 
ืจ'ืื™ื– ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ, ื™ืขืฆื˜-- ื–ืขื˜, ืฐื•ื™ ื”ื•ื™ืš ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฐื•ึผืงืก ืื™ื–! 
ื“ืขืจืžืึธืŸ ืึท ืฉื™ื˜ืงืข ืื™ื -- ื’ื™ื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืื™ื ืึท ืฆื™ื ื“ ืึธืŸ, 
ื•ื•ืขืจ ืจืขื“ื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืึทื– ืขืจ ื”ืขืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืงื•ืจืฆ'ืก ืึท ืœื•ืง{ืก}ื•ืก. 


ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื–ื•ืŸ ืฐืึทืงืกื˜ ืื•ื™ืš, ืึท ืึท ืฉืฐืึทืจืฆืขืจ ื™ื™ึทื ื’ืขืœืข ืึท ื•ื•ืขืœืขืจ, 
ืขืจ ืฉืœื™ื ื’ื˜, ืฉืœื™ื ื’ื˜ ื‘ื™ื›ืขืจ ืืฒึทืŸ ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื”ืžื•ืฆื™ืืก ื—ืœื”, 
ืขืจ ืงื•ืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื•ืš ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืจืขืคื˜ ื“ืขืจื‘ืฒึท ื’ืขืฉื™ืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขืœืขืจ-- 
ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ืœืขืจื˜ ืขืจ, ืœืขื–ื˜... ืื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึทืจืง ืคืึทืจืฐื•ึผื ื“ืขืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืึทืœืข... 


ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ืื™ื– ื’ื•ื˜ ื‘ืขืช ืขืก ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืคืึทืจืึทืŸ, 
ืงื•ื ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึทืก- ืขืก ื•ื•ืขืœื‘ื˜ ืึท ื”ื™ืžืœ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืึทืœืข: 


295 




















ื“ื™ ื”ื™ืœ 


ืข ืคื•ืŸ "ืื™ื•ื‘ึฟ" 














194|11 ืฆ/29 


ื•ื•ื•ืึทืจืฉืข) 


ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ืื™ื– ื’ื•ื˜ 


, 


ื ืึธ 


ืจ ืžื™ืก ืึท ืคึผ 


ืขื ืขืฅ ื‘ืจื•ื™ื˜-- 


ื”ื• ื”}ื• 
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ื›! } 
ื“ืข ืช 
ื”ื• 6 
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/ = 
5 28 
* 6 
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2 
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42 
ื•ื˜ 620 
ืจ+ ื”ื• 
ืื‘ 2 
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4 ื‘ื™ 
*}, ื™ืœ 
ื—ืค ื”ื“ืข 
: ื”ืฆ 
ื™ืข 
ืŸึฐ 


ืึทืจื™ื™ื ืคื™ืจ 24 


ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื– ืื™ืฆื˜ ืื•ืžื‘ืึทืงืึทื ื˜ืข ื“ืจืึทืžืข ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื“ืึธ ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ืฆื•ื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืžืึธืœ, ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื™ืกื•ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึธืจื™ื’ื™ื ืขืœืขืจ 
ื’ืขื˜ืึธ-ืืฑืกื’ืึทื‘ืข ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจืฉื™ื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ (ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ืข ืฉืจืฒึทื™ื‘ืžืึทืฉื™ืŸ-ืฉืจื™ืคื˜), ืึทืจืฑืกื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ 
ืคื•ืŸ "ื“ืจื•ืจ". (ื–ืข ืึท ืคืึทืงืกื™ืžื™ืœื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืขืจ, ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ืฒึทื˜ 499). ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ-ืืฑืกื’ืึทื‘ืข ืื™ื– ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืข ื ื™ืฉื˜ 
ืึธื ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ, ืžืšื”ืกืชึผื ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ ืงืึธื ืกืคึผื™ืจืึทื˜ื™ื•ื•ืข ื˜ืขืžื™ื. ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืฐื•ึผืกื˜ ืึทื– ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจืฉื™ื ืขืŸ ืื™ื ืขื ื˜ืึธื’ 
ืคื•ืŸ ืžืœื—ืžื”-ืื•ื™ืกื‘ืจื•ืš ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉืœืึทื ื“ ืื•ืŸ ืจื•ืกืœืึทื ื“ ื“ืขื 22ืกื˜ืŸ ื™ื•ื ื™ 1941 -- ืฐืฒึทื™ืœ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ืึธื’ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ 
"ื“ืจื•ืจ"-ื‘ืึทืฐื•ืขื’ื•ื ื’ ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ืกื’ืึทื‘ืข ืึท ืžืชึผื ื” ื“ืขื ื“ื™ื›ื˜ืขืจ (ืคืึทืจื’ืœืฒึทืš; ืฆื•ืงืจืžืŸ - ืžื‘ืคื ื™ื, ื™"ื’, ื–ื™ 35; 
ืฆื•ืงืจืžืŸ- ืชืฉื›"ื˜, ื–ื™ 359). 

ืคืึทืงื˜ื™ืฉ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ื“ืจืึทืžืข ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื—ืœืงื™ื ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจื™ืฉ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ ื’ืขืคื•ืจืขืžื˜, 
ืื•ืŸ ืืคืฉืจ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืœื›ืชึผื—ื™ืœื” ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข ืฆืฒื™ื˜ืŸ. ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ, ื“ืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืึทืงื˜ืŸ 
ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื‘ืึทืฆื™ึดืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื˜ืึทืงืข ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืคึผืจืงื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืกืคืจ ืื™ื•ื‘. ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ 
ืึทืจืฒึทื ื’ืขืคึผืœืึธื›ื˜ืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฆืข ื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ ืคืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืคื™ืœืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคึผื—ื“ื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ- 
ืชึผืงื•ืคื”, ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื™ื˜-- ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืฉืžืขืœืฆืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืฃ, ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜, ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืชึผื "ื›ื™ืฉืŸ ืžืงื•ืจ, ืื™ืŸ 
ืื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฆืงืฒื˜. ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื—ืœืง ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืจืึทืžืข, ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื“ืจื™ื˜ืขืจ ืึทืงื˜. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื—ืœืง 
ื‘ืจืขื ื’ื˜ ื™. ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ื•ื™ ืื•ื™ืš ืคึผืึทืจืึทืคึผืจืึทื–ืŸ, ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื”ื™ืคึผืฉืŸ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืงื™ื ื’ -- 
ื™"ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืกืคืจ ืื™ื•ื‘, ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืข ืคึผืกื•ืงื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืจืง ืœ"ื. ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืจืึทืžืข ื‘ืžืฉืš ืึท 
ืœืขื ื’ืขืจืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื”ืขืœืคื˜ 1941, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืงืขืจืŸ ืื™ื– ืžืŸ-ื”ืกืชึผื ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืชึผื "ืš-ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืกืคืจ ืื™ื•ื‘ (ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ื–ืข ืืฑื‘ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืึทืจืฒึทื ืคื™ืจ ืฆื• ื™.ืง'ืก ืชื "ืš- 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ื ื•ืž' 10). 

ืก'ืื™ื– ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜ืข ืคึผืจืงื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื—ืœืง (ื“ืจื™ื˜ืขืจ ืึทืงื˜) ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืœื›ืชึผื—ื™ืœื” ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ 
ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜ ืฆื• ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื’ืขืœื™ื™ืขื ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืชึผื "ืš-ืึธืฐื ื˜ืŸ, ืกื•ืฃ 1940 ืื•ืŸ ืึธื ื”ืฒื‘ 1941 ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ื•ื™ ืก'ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ 
ืคึผืจืง ื’' ืคื•ืŸ ืกืคืจ ืื™ื•ื‘. ืขืก ืฐืฒึทื–ื˜ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืก ืึทื– ืื™ืŸ ืขื ื™ืŸ ืื™ื•ื‘ ื”ืึธื˜ ื™.ืง. ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ ื“ืจืึทืžืึทื˜ื™ืฉืข ืžืขื’ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื“ืจื•ืง-ืžื™ื˜ืœืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ืึธืจ ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืขืžืข ืื™ื•ื‘ ืึทืœื™ืŸ, ื ืึธืจ ืื•ื™ืš ืคืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืจืึทื ื’ืœืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ืื•ืŸ 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจืœืขื‘ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ. ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืขืจื˜ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืžืข ืึทื–ืฉ ื‘ื™ื– ืฆื• ืึท ื“ืจืึทืžืข, ืื•ื™ืคืŸ 
ืคืึธืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืคืึทืจื’ืœืฒึทืš ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืคึผืึธืœืง ืื™ืŸ ืžื–ืจื—-ืืฒื™ืจืึธืคึผืข ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ื ืึทืฆื™ืฉืขืจ-ื”ืขืจืฉืึทืคึผื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฆืฒึทื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืื™ื•ื‘. (ื–ืข ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ, ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื ื•ืž' 25 -- ื“ืขื ืคืึทืจื’ืœืฒึทืš ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืื™ื•ื‘ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขื 
ืคืึธืœืง ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ-- ืื™ืŸ ื™-ืง'ืก ื’ืขืคึผืœืึทื ื˜ืข ื“ืขื“ื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืขืก ืฆื• ืคึผืจื™ืฐื•ืึทื˜ืข ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืคืึทืจ ืึท ืคึผืึธืจ ืขืงื–ืขืžืคึผืœืึทืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื“ืจืึทืžืข). 

ื“ื™ ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ืข ื’ืขื˜ืึธ-ืืฑืกื’ืึทื‘ืข ืื™ื– ืึท ื–ืขืœื˜ืขื ืขืจ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ-ืื•ื™ืคื˜ื• ื‘ืฒึทื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ื‘ืขืช ื“ืขืจ ืžืœื—ืžื”-ืชึผืงื•ืคื” ืื™ืŸ 
ืืฒืจืึธืคึผืข ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืŸ ื ืึทืฆื™ื™ืจืขื–ืฉื™ื. ืœื•ื˜ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืึธืคึผืฉืึทืฅ ืื™ื– ื–ื™ ื“ืขืจืฉื™ื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึทืจื•ื 150 ืงืึธืคึผื™ืขืก (ื–ืข: ืœื•ื™ืŸ, ืœ., 
ื–' 647), ืื•ืŸ ืœื•ื˜ ืึท ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืึธืคึผืฉืึทืฅ - ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืคึผืึธืจ ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ ืขืงื–ืขืžืคึผืœืึทืจืŸ (ื–ืข: ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ืช ืœื•ื—ืžื™ 
ื”ื’ื™ื˜ืื•ืช, ืึทืคึผืจื™ืœ 1958, ื ื•ืž' 20, ื–ื™ 38). ื“ื™ ืืฑืกื’ืึทื‘ื›ืข ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจืฉื™ื ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจื™ืฉืขืจ ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ืขืจ 
ื”ื™ืœืข ื’ืขืฆื™ื™ื›ื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืœืžื” ื ื•ืกื‘ื•ื™ื (ื–ืข ืคึผืึทืงืกื™ืžื™ืœื™ืข ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ืฒึทื˜ 499) ืคึฟืึทืจืŸ ื“ืขืจืฉืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ- 
ืืฑืกื’ืึทื‘ืข ืื™ื– ืคึผืจืึธืงืœืึทืžื™ืจื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ, ืึท ืงืึธื ืงื•ืจืก ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื™ื™ื›ืขื ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคึผืึทืจ ืึท 
ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ืขืจ ื”ื™ืœืข ืฆื™ ืึท ืฉืขืจ. ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข ืกืงื™ืฆืขืก ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ 
ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืขืŸ ืึท ืžืชึผื ื” ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ืŸ ื‘ื•ืš (ืคืึทืจื’ืœืฒึทืš: ืฆื•ืงืขืจืžืึทืŸ.- ืžื‘ืคื ื™ื, 
ื™"ื’, ื–ื™ 35; ื–ืข ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืืฑืกื’ืึทื‘ืข ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ, ื–ืฒึทื˜ 496), 


497 


ื“ื™ ื“ืจืึทืžืข "ืื™ื•ื‘" ืื™ื– ื’ืขืœื™ื™ืขื ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืขืŸ, ืึธื•ื ื˜-ืืฒึทื™ืŸ ืึธืฐื•ื ื˜-ืืฑืก, ืื™ืŸ 
ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข ืงืจืฒื™ื–ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ: ืคืึทืจ ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคึผื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื˜ื•ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื–ื™ืขืœื ืึท 34; ืคืึทืจ ืึท ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ 
ืขื•ืœื ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืจืฒื™ื‘ืขืจ, ื–ืฉื•ืจื ืึทืœื™ืกื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืขืกืงื ื™ื -- ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงื™ืš ืื•ื™ืฃ ืœืขืฉื ืึธ 29 (ื–ืข: ืœ ื•ื™ืŸ, ืœ., ื–ื™ 647). ืžื™ืจ 
ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืคืึธืจืœืขื–ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจ ื”ื•ื™ื–-ืงืึธืžื™ื˜ืขื˜ืŸ, ืกืฒึท ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืจืึทืžืข *ืื™ื•ื‘ * ืื•ืŸ ืกืฒึท ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืจืึทืžืข 
"ืขืœ ื ื”ืจื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืœ" -- ืœืžืฉืœ, ืคืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืืฒึทื ื•ืฐื•ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืฃ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื ืึธืฐืึธืœื™ืคึผืงื™ 33 (ื–ืข: ,{8ืŸื˜?| ื’ื•ื˜ื ,98,0388 
3 0121260--1939 8262 1ืžื˜ืืก {366ืขืกื–ืก1ื•ื  6 ื˜ื™ 81524006/ื• 2621 ;(280401610 ืข62161010 2 1:06216 
.236 .8 ,1975 8ื’2ืคื–ืžื˜ื•). ื“ืขืจ ืจื•ืฉื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืœืขื–ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ืฉื˜ืึทืจืงืขืจ, ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื”ืฑืคึผื˜ 
ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืข ืงืฐืึทืœืŸ - ื“ื™ ื“ืจืึทืžืข "ืื™ื•ื‘" (ื–ืข: ื‘ืฒึท ืฆื‘ื™ื” 
ืœื•ื‘ื˜ืงื™ืŸ, ืกืคืจ ื“ืจื•ืจ, ื–ื™ 436; ืฆื•ืงืจืžืŸ, ืชืฉื›"ื˜, ื–ื™ 359). ืœื•ื™ื˜ ื‘. ืžืึทืจืง ื”ืึธื˜ ื™ื™ืง. ื’ืขืœื™ื™ืขื ื˜ ื“ื™ ื“ืจืึทืžืข 
ืื•ื™ืš ื–ื•ืžืขืจ 1942, ื‘ืขืจืš ืึท ื™ืึธืจ ื ืึธืš ื“ืขื ื•ื™ ื“ืึธืก ื‘ื•ืš ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจืฉื™ื ืขืŸ, ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืึท ื˜ืขื•ืช. ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืขื“ื•ืช ืื•ื™ืฃ ื•ื•ืขืžืขืŸ ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื–ื™ืš ืกื•ืžืš, ืื™ื– ืงืœืึธืจ ื’ืขื“ืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืึทื– ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึธื ื”ืฒื™ื‘ ื–ื•ืžืขืจ 1941, 
ืขืก ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื’ืขื–ืึธื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืขื“ื•ืช ืงืึทืจืึธืœ ืคึผืึธืคึผืึธื•ื•ืขืจ: "ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืึธืจื’ืขืœื™ื™ืขื ื˜ ื“ื™ ื“ืจืึทืžืข "ืื™ื•ื‘", 
ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืึธืจ ืฐืึธืก ื’ืขื”ืึทื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืœื™ื™ืขื ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื’ื•ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืขืคื™ืœ. ื”ื’ื ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ 
ืึท ื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ืฉืข ื˜ืขืžืข, ืื™ื– ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขื ื”ืึทื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืื™ื ื”ืึทืœื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืงืขื’ื ืฐืึทืจื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืงืœืึธืจ ืคืึทืจ 
ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขื... ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืœืฒื™ืขื ื•ื ื’ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื“ื•ื™ืขืจื˜ ื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืฉืขื”. ื”ื™ื•ืช ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจื ืขื ื˜ืขืจื˜ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธืœื™ืฆืฒื™ึทืฉืข 
ืฉืขื”, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื“ืขื ืœืขืฆื˜ืŸ ืึทืงื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืœื™ื™ืขื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฆืŸ, ื ืึธืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื‘ืงื™ืฆื•ืจ ื–ืฒึทื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื”ืึทืœื˜, 
ื“ื™ ื’ืึทื ืฆืงืฒื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืžืึทื›ื˜ ืึท ืฉื˜ืึทืจืงืŸ ืืฒึทื ื“ืจื•ืง ืื•ืŸ ืึทืœืข ืึธื ืฐืขื–ื ื“ื™ืงืข ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ื’ืขืจื™ืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ 
ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขื˜ืจื™ื™ืกืœื˜". ืœื•ื˜ ืง. ืคึผืึธืคึผืึธืฐื•ืขืจืก ืขื“ื•ืช-ื–ืึธื’ืŸ, ืื™ื– ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ื–ื™ืš ืคืึธืจืฆื•ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ, ืึทื– ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข 
ืคึฟืึธืจืœืขื–ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืจืึทืžืข "ืื™ื•ื‘", ื”ืึธื˜ ื™.ืง. ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืœื™ื™ืขื ื˜ ืึทืœืข ื“ืจืฒึท ืึทืงื˜ืŸ. ืคึผืึธืคึผืึธื•ื•ืขืจืก 
ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฉื˜ืึทืจืงืŸ ืึธืคึผืงืœืึทื ื’ ืฐืึธืก ื“ื™ ืึทืงื˜ื•ืขืœืข ื’ืขื˜ืึธ-ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื”ืึทื˜, ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืคืึธืŸ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ืชึผื "ื›ื™ืฉืขืจ ืื™ื•ื‘-ื˜ืขืžืข, ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจ ืจื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืงื•ื“ื-ื›ึผืœ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืึทืงื˜ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื™.ืง. 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืคึผืจืฒึทื™ ื‘ืึทืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืึทื ื•ืฆื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืชึผื "ื›ื™ืฉืŸ ืžืงื•ืจ. ื“ืขืจ ื“ืจื™ื˜ืขืจ ืึทืงื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื”ืฑืคึผื˜ 
ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื™ืกื•ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜ืข ืคึผืจืงื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ืกืคืจ ืื™ื•ื‘, ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืขืจ ืœืขื ื’ืกื˜ืขืจ (ืึธืจื•ื 56 ื–ืฒึทื˜ืŸ), ืึท ืกืš 
ื’ืจืขืกืขืจ ื•ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืึทืงื˜ืŸ ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ (ืึทืจื•ื 40 ื–ืฒึทื˜ืŸ). ืœื•ื˜ ืคึผืึธืคึผืึธื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื™ื™ืง. ื’ืขืœื™ื™ืขื ื˜ ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข 
ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืึทืงื˜ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืš ืคื•ืŸ ืงืจื•ื‘ ืฆื• ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืฉืขื”; ืžืข ื“ืึทืจืฃ ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจ ืึธื ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืึทื– ืื•ื™ืš ื‘ืขืช ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข ืคืึธืจืœืขื–ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ 
ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืœื™ื™ืขื ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืึทืงื˜ืŸ. 

ืžืข ื“ืึทืจืฃ ืื•ื™ืš ืึธื ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืึทื– ืึท ืกืš ืฆืขื ื“ืœื™ืงืขืจ ืขืงื–ืขืžืคึผืœืึทืจืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉืคึผืจืฒื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ. ืื•ื™ืฃ 
ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืข ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื™ื™ืง., ื•ื™ ืขืก ื–ืขื˜ ืื•ื™ืก, ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืขืœืข ื•ื•ื™ื“ืžื•ื ื’ืขืŸ (ื–ืข ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ, ื ื•ืž' 25), ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืš 
ืื™ื– ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืงืขืจ ืขืงื–ืขืžืคึผืœืึทืจ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืจืึทืžืข ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืคึผื’ืขืจืึทื˜ืขืฐืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ 
ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืจื™ื ื’ืขืœื‘ืœื•ื-ืึทืจื›ื™ื•ื•, ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืคื™ื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืŸ ืื™ื ืกื˜ื™ื˜ื•ื˜, ืจืขื’ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ืจื˜ 
ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื ื•ืžืขืจ 346. ืื™ืŸ ื™.ืง.-ืึทืจื›ื™ื•ื•, ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ืœื•ื—ืžื™ ื”ื’ื™ื˜ืื•ืช -- ืื™ื– ื‘ื™ื– ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ืคึผืึธืจ ื™ืึธืจ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืงืขืจ 
ืึธืคึผื’ืขืจืึทื˜ืขืฐืขื˜ืขืจ ืึธืจื™ื’ื™ื ืึทืœืขืจ ืขืงื–ืขืžืคึผืœืึทืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ืึทืงืึทื ื˜. ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ืึทืจื›ื™ื•ื• ื ืึธืจ ืึท 
ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืžืึทืฉื™ืŸ-ืงืึธืคึผื™ืข, ืึท ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจืœืึธื–ืœืขื›ืข ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืฆื• ืึท ืฆืขื ื–ื•ืจื™ืจื˜ืข, ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืž. ื‘ื•ื™ืžืึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ 
ืฆื•ื’ืขืฉื™ืงื˜-- ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืฆื•ืฉืจื™ืคื˜: "ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื ื•ื™, ืึธืŸ ืฉื•ื ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ืคื•ืŸ ืึธืจื™ื’ื™ื ืึทืœ" -- ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ 
ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืŸ ืื™ื ืกื˜ื™ื˜ื•ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข. ื“ื™ ืงืึธืคึผื™ืข ืื™ื– ืจืขื’ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื™.ืง. -ืึทืจื›ื™ื•ื• ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื ื•ืž' 811/3623. 

ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืจืึทืžืข ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื“ืึธ ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ืœื•ื˜ ืึท ืคึฟืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืคึผื™ืข ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึธืจื™ื’ื™ื ืขืœืขืจ ืืฑืกื’ืึทื‘ืข, 
ืฐืึธืก ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืฆื˜, ื–ืฒึทื˜ ืึท ืงื•ืจืฆืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜, ืื™ืŸ ื™.ืง.-ืึทืจื›ื™ื•ื• ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ืœื•ื—ืžื™ ื”ื’ื™ื˜ืื•ืช. 


198 



































ื“ืขืจ ืฉืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืจืึท 


ืžืข "ืื™ื•ื‘" 











ืื™ื•ื‘ 


ื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ืฉืข ื˜ืจืึทื’ืขื“ื™ืข ืื™ืŸ 
ื“ืจืฒึท ืึทืงื˜ืŸ 


ืึทืจืฑืกื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ืŸ ืžืจื›ื– "ื“ืจื•ืจ" 
ื”ื™ืœืข ื’ืขืฆื™ื™ื›ื ื˜ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืฉืœืžื” ื ื•ืกื‘ื•ื™ื 


ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืึทืงื˜ 
ืคึผืขืจื–ืึธื ืขืŸ 
ืื™ื•ื‘ 
ืชึผืžื ืข ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืจื•ื™ 
ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืึธื ื–ืึธื’ืขืจ 
ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ืึธื ื–ืึธื’ืขืจ 
ื“ืจื™ื˜ืขืจ ืึธื ื–ืึธื’ืขืจ 
ืคืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืึธื ื–ืึธื’ืขืจ 
ื“ืขืจ ืฉื‚ื˜ืŸ 
ื’ืึธื˜ืก ืงื•ืœ. 
(ืœื™ื›ื˜ืฉื˜ืจืึทืœืŸ) 

ืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืžืœ 
(ืึท ื’ืจื•ื™ืขืจ ื”ื™ืžืœ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืžืขืจ) 

ืœื™ื›ื˜ืฉืจืึทืœืŸ; (ืคืึทืœืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฆืข ื’ืึทืจื‘ืŸ, ืคื•ืŸ ืจืขื›ื˜ืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ืœื™ื ืงืก ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื ืงืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ืจืขื›ื˜ืก) 
ืึท ืฉืึธื˜ืŸ; (ืคืึทืœื˜ ืฉืฐืึทืจืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื ืงืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ืจืขื›ื˜ืก) 
ื’ืึธื˜ืก ืงื•ืœ: ื•ื•ืขืจ? 


ื•ื•ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึทืจืฒึทื ื’ืขืฉืœืฒึทื›ื˜ ืึทื”ืขืจ? 
500 


ืฉื‚ื˜ื ืก ืงื•ืœ: 
ื’ืึธื˜ืก ืงื•ืœ: 
ืฉื‚ื˜ื ืก ืงื•ืœ: 


ื’ืึธื˜ืก ืงื•ืœ: 


ืฉื‚ื˜ื ืก ืงื•ืœ: 


ื•ื•ืขืจ? ืฐืขืจ? 
ื•ื•ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจื ื™ืฉ ืคืึทืจื‘ืœื™ืฆื˜? 
ื•ื•ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ื”ื™ืžืœ ืžืฒึทื ืขื ืื™ืฆื˜ 
ื‘ืึทื˜ืจืึธื˜ืŸ? 

ืื™ืš, ื“ืขืจ ืฉื‚ื˜ืŸ. 

ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืึทื ืขืŸ ืงื•ืžืกื˜ื• ื“ืึธ ืึทื”ืขืจ ืฆื• ืžื™ืจ? 
ืื™ืš ืงื•ื ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืฉืคึผืึทืฆื™ืจ 

ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืจ'ืขืจื“. 

ืฆื™ ื”ืึธืกื˜ื• ืฆื•ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ื•ื˜ 

ืฆื• ืื™ื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืงื ืขื›ื˜? 

ื ื™ืฉื˜ืึธ ืึทื–ืขืœื›ืขืจ ื ืึธืš ื•ื™ ืขืจ! 

ืึทืŸ ืึธืจื ื˜ืœืขื›ืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ, ืึท ื’ืœืฒึทื›ืขืจ, 

ืึท ื’ืึธื˜ืกืคืึธืจื›ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืฐืึธืก ื˜ื•ื˜ 

ื˜ืึธืŸ ืฐืฒึทื›ืŸ 

ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœ ื“ืึธืก ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ื? 

ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก... ื ืึธืจ ืฆื™ ืื•ืžื–ื™ืกื˜ ื’ืึธืจ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืื™ื•ื‘ ืคืึธืจื›ื˜ ืคืึทืจ ื’ืึธื˜? 

ื”ื™ื˜ืกื˜ ืึธืคึผ ืื™ื ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜, 

ืื™ ืื™ื ืื•ืŸ ืื™ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฆืขืœื˜; 

ืึทืœืฅ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ 

ื”ืึธืกื˜ื• ื’ืขื‘ืขื ื˜ืฉื˜, 

ื’ืขื‘ืขื ื˜ืฉื˜ ืื™ื ืžื™ื˜ ื›ึผืœ-ื˜ื•ื‘! 

ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื’ืœื™ืงืœืขื›ืกื˜ืขืจ, ื“ืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ 
ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืจ'ืขืจื“ - 

ืคืึทืจ ืฐืึธืก ื–ืึธืœ ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ื•ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ? 

ื“ื• ืคืจื•ึผื•ื• ื ืึธืจ ืคึผืจื•ึผื•ื•, 

ื“ื• ืจื™ืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ ืึธืŸ! 

ื“ื• ืœืึธื– ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื”ืึทื ื˜ ืึทืจืึธืคึผ, 

ืจื™ืจ ืึธืŸ ื“ืขื ื”ืึธื‘ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืึธื‘ 

ืคื•ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ, 

ืคึผืจื•ึผื•ื•! ืคึผืจื•ึผื•! 

ืื•ืŸ ืจ'ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื“ื™ืš... "ื‘ืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ"... 

ืคึฐึผืจื•ึผื•ื•! 


51 


ื’ืึธื˜ืก ืงื•ืœ: 


ืฉื‚ื˜ืŸ; 


ืื™ื•ื‘; 


ืชึผืžื ืข: 
ืื™ื•ื‘: 
ืชึผืžื ืข; 


ืื•ื™ื‘: 
ืชึผืžื ืข: 


ืื™ื•ื‘: 


ืชึผืžื ืข: 
ืื™ื•ื‘: 
ืชึผืžื ืข: 


ืื™ื•ื‘; 


ืึทืœืฅ ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืœืึทื ื“, 
ืึทืœืฅ, ืึทืœืฅ ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื”ืึทื ื˜; 
ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืจื™ื ื“, ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืงื™ื ื“, 

ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื˜ื•ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืึธืŸ -- 

ืึทื—ื•ืฅ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ื•ืฃ, 

ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ -- 

ื ื™ื˜ ืจื™ืจ ืื™ื ืึธืŸ 


ื’ื•ื˜! ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืฐื•ืึทืจืฆืขืจ ืฉืึธื˜ืŸ ืœื•ื™ืคื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ืื•ื™ืฃ ืœื™ื ืงืก) 


ืคืึทืจื•ื•ืึทื ื“ืœื•ื ื’ 
ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื•ื›ืก ื’ืขืฆืขืœื˜. 
(ืื™ื•ื‘ ืึธื ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืงืœื™ื™ื“ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื’ืึทืจื˜ืœ. ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธืคึผ ืึทืจื•ืžื’ืขืฐื™ืงืœื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื˜ื•ืจื‘ืึทืŸ. ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ 
ื‘ืฒึทื ื’ืขื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื˜ื™ืฉ, ื•ื•ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื”ืึทื ื˜ืขืš. ืขืจ ืคืึทืจื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืžืจื•ื™ืง, ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืœื™ืง ืคืึทืœื˜ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื˜ืขืœืขืจ 
ื’ืขืงืขื›ื˜ืก ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื™ืงืข ืฉืคึผืฒึทื–) | 
(ืจื•ืคื˜) 
ืชึผืžื ืข! 
(ืงื•ืžื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึธื“ืขืจื’ืจื•ื ื˜, ืคื•ืŸ ืงื™ืš-ืึทืจืฒึทื ื’ืึทื ื’, ืจืขื›ื˜ืก) 
ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื–? 
ื ืขื ืฆื•, ืื™ืš ืขืก ืขืก ื ื™ื˜. 
ืคืึทืจ ืฐืึธืก? ืฆื™ ืื™ื– ืขืก, ื’ืึธื˜ ื‘ืึทื”ื™ื˜, 
ืึทื–ืฑ ื“ืขืŸ ืฉืœืขื›ื˜? 
ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืขืก, ื–ืึธื’, ืคืึทืจ ืึท ื’ืขืงืขื›ื˜ืก? 
ืœื™ื ื“ื–ืŸ ื–ื™ืก, 
ืคืึทืจื‘ืจืึธืงื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืจื™ื ืก, 
ืžื™ื˜ ืงืจืฒึทื™ื˜ืขื›ืฆืขืจ ื‘ืึทื˜ืขืžื˜ - 
ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ืขืก ืœื™ื‘. 
ืฆื™ ื”ืึธืกื˜ื• ื’ื•ื˜ ืึทื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขื–ื™ืคึผื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื–ื™ืคึผ. 
ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ื ืึธืš ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื’ืขืฉืึธื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืึธืคึผ? 
ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘. 
ืฆื™ ื”ืึธืกื˜ื• ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜, ื‘ืึทื˜ืึทืคึผื˜ ื–ื™, ื™ืขื“ืข ืœื™ื ื“ื–? 
ืฆื• ืฐืึธืก, ืฆื• ื•ื•ืขืŸ? 
ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื ื“ื–ืŸ ืงืขืŸ 
ืึท ืžืึธืœ ืึธ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ื“ืœ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ - 
502 


ืชึผืžื ืข: 


ืื™ื•ื‘: 


ืชึผืžื ืข: 


ืื™ื•ื‘: 


ืชึผืžื ืข: 


ืื™ื•ื‘; 


ืชึผืžื ืข: 


ืื™ื•ื‘: 


ืชึผืžื ืข: 


ืื™ื•ื‘: 


ืชึผืžื ืข: 


ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืึทืจืึธืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื ืขืŸ! 

ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื’ืขืงืขื ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืขืŸ ืื™ื, 

ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจืงืขื ืขืŸ, 

ืื•ืŸ ืึทืจืฒึทื ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืคืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื ื“ื–ืŸ ืื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืึธืคึผ! 
ื“ื™ ืงืจืฒึทื˜ืขื›ืฆืขืจ -- ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ืึทืœื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืจื™ืกืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื’ืจื™ื ืก -- ื“ื• ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืฐื•ึผ ืขืก ืฉื˜ืึทืžื˜? 
ื–ื™ ืžื•ึนื–ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืึทืจืกืžื˜, 

ื–ื™ื™ ืžื•ื–ืŸ ื‘ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 

ื•ื™ ื’ืึทืœ -- 

ืฐืึธืก ื“ื™ืจ ืคืึทืœื˜ ืืฒึทืŸ? 

ื“ื• ืงืขื ืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ... 

ืก'ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืคืึทืœ! 

ืขืก, ืขืก... 

ืื™ืš ืขืก ื ื™ื˜, ื ื™ื™ืŸ, 

ื ืขื ืฆื• ื“ืขื ืงืขื–! 

ื ืขื ืฆื• ื“ืขื ื˜ืึธืคึผ ืžื™ื˜ ืžื™ืœืš! 

ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ืึทื– ืก'ืื™ื– ืžื™ืœืš? 

ืื™ืš ืึทืœื™ืŸ, 

ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื“ื™ ืงื• ื’ืขืžืึธืœืงืŸ, 

ืื™ ืื™ื™ื ืข, ืื™ ืึท ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืข, 

ื›'ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ืขืจืฉื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื ื™ ืื•ื™ืฃ. 

ื™ืึธ, ื“ื•, ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื’ืขืžืึธืœืงืŸ, 

ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ื˜ ืก'ืื™ื– ืžื™ืœืš ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื’ืขืžืึธืœืงืŸ ืื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ, 
ื ืขื ืฆื• ื“ืขื ื˜ืึธืคึผ! 

ื•ื•ืขืจ ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืขืก: ืงืœื•ื’ ืื™ื– ืื™ื•ื‘? 

ืื™ืš ืœื™ื™ืงืŸืก ืึธืคึผื• 

ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืงืœื•ื’ืฉืึทืคื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ! 

ื–ืขืŸ ืื™ื– ื˜ืึทืงืข ื—ื›ืžื” ืื•ืŸ ืคืึธืจื–ื™ื›ื˜ ื–'ืื™ืจ ื‘ืึทื’ืœืฒื˜ืขืจ - 
ืžืขืŸ ื“ืึทืจืฃ ื–ื™ืš ื”ื™ื˜ืŸ! 

ื ื™ื˜ ื’ื™ื™ ืฆื•ื ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจ ืฆื•. ื“ื• ื–ืขืกื˜: ืึท ืฐืึธืœืงืŸ! 

ืขืก ื’ื™ื˜ ืึท ื“ื•ื ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืœื“ ืึท ื”ื™ืœืš. 

ืึทืฐืขืง! 

ืฐืึทืจืคืกื˜ ืึธืŸ ืฉืจืขืง... 


503 


ืื™ื•ื‘: 
ืชึผืžื ืข: 


ืื™ื•ื‘: 


ืชึผืžื ืข: 


ืื™ื•ื‘: 


ืชึผืžื ืข: 


ืื™ื•ื‘; 


ืชึผืžื ืข: 


ืื™ื•ื‘: 


ืึทืฐืขืง! ืึทืฐืขืง! ืึทืฐืขืง! 
ืžืฉื•ื’ืข ืžืฒึทื ืข ืฉื•ื ืื™ื, 
ืื•ื™ืกื˜ืขืจืœื™ืฉืข ืึทืœืฅ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืŸ: 

ื ื™ื˜ ืœื™ื ื“ื•ืŸ -- ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื’ืึธืจ! 

ื–ื•ืš ืื•ื™ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืจืขื–ืขืœืขืš ื“ืขื ืฉื˜ืึทื, 
ื–ื•ืš ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ื ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืงืึธืŸ ืื™ื, 

ื ื™ื˜ ืงืจื™ึทื™ื˜ืขื›ืฆืขืจ-- ื ืึธืจ ืกื! 

ื ื™ื˜ ืžื™ืœืš-- ื ืึธืจ ืื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ, 

ืึท ื–ื•ืึธืœืงืŸ - ื‘ืขืช ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ืžืœ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืื™ื– ื”ื•ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ืงืœืึธืจ... 
ืžืขืŸ ื“ืึทืจืฃ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึทืœืฅ ื–ื™ืš ืจื™ื›ื˜ืŸ. 

ื•ื•ื• ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืœื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ? 

ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ, 

ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืฃ. 

ื’ื™ื™, ืงืจื™ืš ืึทืจืฑืฃ 

ืื•ืŸ ื’ื™ื‘ ืึท ืงื•ืง ืฆื™ ืก'ื”ืึทืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคืขืกื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึทืš? 
ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืฆืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืžื™ืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืœื•ืฆืœื™ื ื’ -- ืงืจืึทืš! 

ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืœืงืŸ ืคืึทืœื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืงืึธืคึฟ... 

ืœืึธื– ืึธืคึผื• 


| ืขืจ ืฐืขื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืœืŸ... 


ื“ื• ืงืขื ืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ! 
ื”ื™ื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคืŸ ื”ื™ื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ืš! 

ื˜ืึธืžืขืจ ื˜ืจืขืคื˜ ืขืก ืื•ื ื“ื– -- ืฐืขื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืึทืจืคืึทืœืŸ... 
ื“ื• ื’ื™ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ืจืึทืคึผื˜ื•ื ืฆื• ืฆื•ื ืื•ื™ื•ื•ืŸ, 

ืขืจ ืงืขืŸ ืฆืขืฉื™ื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ืš, 

ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืคืฒึทืขืจ ื›ืึทืคึผื˜ ืึทืจื•ื ื“ื™ืš, ื›ืึทืคึผื˜ ืึทืจื•ื - 
ื•ื•ืขืจ ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ืฉื˜ื•ื! 

ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืึธื’ ืคืึธืจื•ื™ืก 

ื ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ืจ, ื ื™ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืึทืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืง ื’ืจื•ื™ืก, 

ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืึธื’ ืคืึธืจืฑืก ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ืก! 

ื’ืขื ื•ื’ ืื•ื ื“ื–, ืึทื– ืขืก ืงื•ืžื˜... 

ืขืก ืงื•ืžื˜! ืขืก ืงื•ืžื˜! 

ืขืก ื˜ืจืขืคื˜ ื“ื™ืจ ืื•ืžื’ืขืจื™ื›ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜... 

ืขืก ื˜ืจืขืคื˜, 


504 


ืขืก ืงืขืŸ ื“ื™ืจ ื˜ืจืขืคืŸ, 
ืคึผืœื•ืฆืœื™ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื• ื•ื•ืขืจืกื˜ 
ื’ืขืคึผืœืขืคื˜ -- 


ืึท ืงืœืึทืคึผ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ื™ืจ 


ืื™ื•ื‘, ืชึผืžื ืข: 


ืื™ื•ื‘: 


ืชึผืžื ืข: 
ืื™ื•ื‘; 


(ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื‘ืœืฒื™ื‘ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึธืงืŸ) 

ื“ื• ื”ืขืจืกื˜? 

ื ื™ื˜ ืขืคืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ืจ, ื ื™ื˜ ืขืคืŸ! 

ื•ื•ืขืจ ื“ืึทืจืฃ ื“ืขืŸ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ? 

ืึธื˜ ืฐืึธืก... ื“ื• ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืฐืขืจ! 

ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš -- ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืš, 

ื•ื•ืขืจ ืงื•ืžื˜? ื“ื™ ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืฆื™ ื“ื™ ื˜ื•ืžืื”? 
ื•ื•ืขืจ? ืฐืขืจ? 

ื•ื•ืขืจ ื•ืœ ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ ืึทื”ืขืจ? 

ืึท ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ? ืึท ืฉืœืึทื ื’? ืึท ื‘ืขืจ? 

ืฆื™ ืคื•ืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืจื•ื ื˜ ืฐื•ืขืจ? ืฆื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื•ื™ืš? 
ืึทืŸ ืืžืช ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขื“ืขืงื˜? ืึท ืœื™ื’ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ืขืœื˜? 
ืึท ื’ืึทืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื™ ื’ืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜? 
ื•ื•ืขืจ? ืฐืขืจ? 


ืึท ืงืœืึทืคึผ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ื™ืจ 


ืื™ื•ื‘: 
ืชึผืžื ืข: 
ืื™ื•ื‘; 
ืชึผืžื ืข: 
ืื™ื•ื‘; 
ืชึผืžื ืข: 


ืื™ื•ื‘: 


ืึทื ื˜ืœืฑืฃ! ืึทื ื˜ืœืฑืฃ! 

(ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื˜ื™ืจ) 

ื ื™ื˜ ืขืคืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ! 

ืœืึธื– ื’ืขืžืึทืš! (ืขืคื ื˜ ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ืจ) 
ืึทืš! ืึทืšื™ 

ื“ื• ื–ืขืกื˜? ื ื™ื˜ืึธ! 

ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ... 

ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืš -- 

ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ, 

ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืฐืขืจ ื’ืขืงืœืึทืคึผื˜! 


505 


ืชึผืžื ืข: 


ืื™ื•ื‘: 


ืชืžื ืข: 


ืื™ื•ื‘: 


ืก'ืื™ื– ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ 
ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ืฒื™ืŸ! 
ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ, ื ื™ื˜ ื™ืขื ืขืจ! 
ืื™ื– ืขืจื’ืขืจ ื ืึธืš -- 
ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืฆื• ืื•ื ื“ื– ื’ืขืงืœืึทืคึผื˜! 
ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืฆื• ืื•ื ื“ื– ื–ื™ืš ืขืžืขืฆืขืจ ืึทืจืฒึทื ื’ืขื›ืึทืคึผื˜, 
ืึท ื ื™ื˜-ื’ืขื–ืขืขื ืขืจ! 
ืึท ื ื™ื˜-ื’ืขื–ืขืขื ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืขืจื’ืขืจ ื ืึธืš ื•ื™ ืึท ื’ืขื–ืขืขื ืขืจ. 
ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืึทืฐื™ื–ืŸ ืื™ื, ื“ืขื ืงื•ื ืฅ, 
ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึทืจืฒึทื ื’ืขื›ืึทืคึผื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืึธ ืึทื”ืขืจ ืฆื• ืื•ื ื“ื–, 
ืจ'ืื™ื– ื“ืึธ! ืจ'ืื™ื– ื“ืึธ! ืขืจ ืฐืึทื›ื˜, 
ืจ'ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืคึผืขืก ืฐืึธืก ื’ืขื‘ืจืึทื›ื˜, 
ืื•ืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก ืฐืึธืก ื“ืึธ ื ืขืžื˜ ืขืจ! 
ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื”ืึทืจ ื“ืึธ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื”ื•ื™ื–, 
ืขืจ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืึทืจืฑืก, 
ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ -- ื“ื™ ืืฒึทื ื’ืขื‘ืขื˜ืขื ืข, ืคืึทืจืฉืขืžื˜ืข. 
ืžืึทืš ืื•ื™ืฃ! ืžืึทืš ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ืจืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืข ืฉื ืขืœ, 
ื–ืึธืœ ืฐืขืจ ืขืก ื•ื™ืœ ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืขืก ื•ื•ื™ืœ-- 
ื‘ืึทื˜ืจืขื˜ืŸ ืคืจืฒึทื™ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฉืฐืขืœ! 
ืžืฒื™ืŸ ื˜ื™ืจ, ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฆื•ื ืขืžืึทื›ื˜ืข-- ืฉืจืขืงื˜ ืžื™ืš, 
ืขืก ืฐืขืจื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืงื™ืœ, 
ื“ืึธ ืงื™ืœ, ื“ืึธ ื”ื™ื™ืก - 
ืงื•ื, ืฐื•ื™ืฉ ืžื™ืจ ืึธืคึผ ื“ืขื ืฉื•ื•ื™ื™ืก, 
ื“ืขื ืงืึทืœื˜ืŸ 
ืฐืึธืก ื‘ืึทื“ืขืงื˜ ืžื™ืš. 
(ื“ืขืจืœืึทื ื’ื˜ ืื™ื ืึท ื˜ื•ืš) 
(ื•ื•ื™ืฉื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขื ืฉื•ื•ื™ื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ) 
ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ ื–ื™ืš ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืง ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืึทื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ! 
ืžืึทืš ืื•ื™ืฃ! ืžืึทืš ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ืจืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืข ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜! 
(ืžืึทื›ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืึธื˜ืขื ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึทืœืข ืคื™ืจ ื˜ื™ืจืŸ) 
ื–ืึธืœ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฐืขืจ ืขืก ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืขืก ืฐื™ืœ! 
ืขืคืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ืจืŸ ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขื ื’ื•ืจืœ ืžืฒึทื ืขื ื”ืึทืจื˜... 
ืึธ, ื’ื•ืจืœ ืžืฒึทืŸ, 

506 


ื“ืขืจ ืฉืœื™ื—: 


ืื™ื•ื‘: 


ื“ืขืจ ืฉืœื™ื—: 


ืื™ื•ื‘; 


ื“ืขืจ ืฉืœื™ื—: 


ื“ืึธืก ื‘ื™ืกื˜ื•, ื“ื• ืฆื• ืžื™ืจ ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ, 
ืฐืึทืจืฃ ื“ื™ ืคึผืฒึทืœืŸ ื“ืฒึทื ืข, ื˜ืจืขืฃ ืื™ืŸ ืฆื™ืœ, ืื™ืŸ ืฆื™ืœ, 
ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜, 
ืื™ืš ืฐืึทืจื˜ -- 
(ืคืึทืœื˜ ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื˜ื™ืจ ืจืขื›ื˜ืก) 
ืื™ื•ื‘! | 
(ืงื•ืงื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฉืœื™ื—'ืก ื–ืฒึทื˜, ืจืฒึทืกื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ืงืึธืคึผ ืฆื•ื ื”ื™ืžืœ ืึทื ื˜ืงืขื’ืŸ ืฆื•ืฉื•ื™ืขืจ, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจืฐืึทืจื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก / 
ืขืจื’ืกื˜ืข) 
ื™ืึธ! 
ื•ื•ึตื™ื™! 
ื“ื™ ืึธืงืกืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื ืึธืš ืื™ืŸ ืึทืงืขืจืŸ ื’ืขื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ -- 
ื•ื™ื™! 
ื“ื™ ืžื•ื™ืœืื™ื™ื–ืœืขืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืคื™ื˜ืขืจื˜ ื ืขื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™-- 
ื™ืึธ! 
ืื™ื– ื–ื™ื™ ื‘ืึทืคืึทืœืŸ ืฉื‘ื! 
ื‘ืึทืคึผืึทืœืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื–ืฒื™, ื–ื™ื™ ืึทืœืข, 
ื“ืขืจืฉืœืึธื’ืŸ ื–ื™ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึทืกื˜ืขื›ืขืจ ืฆื•ื ืฉืึทืจืคืŸ ืฉืฐืขืจื“! 
ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืึทื ื˜ืจื•ื ืขืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื ืึธืจ ืฆื• ื“ื™ืจ ืึทื”ืขืจ, 
ืึธื ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืขืก ื“ื™ืจ! (ืึธืคึผ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ื™ืจ ืฐื•ึผ ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ) 
(ืคืึทืจืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ืคืœื˜, ืฐื•ื™ ืขืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื“ื™ ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื™ืžืœ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ) 
ื™ืึธ... ื™ืึธ... 
(ื›ืืคึผื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื–ืฒึทื™ื˜ืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ) 
ื•ื•ื™ื™ ืžื™ืจ! 
(ืจืฒึทืกื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื˜ื™ืจ ืœื™ื ืงืก) 
ืื™ื•ื‘! 
(ืฐื™ ืคืจื™ึดืขืจ) 
ื™ืึธ! 
ื•ึตื•ื™ื™! ืฐื•ื™ื™! 
ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื™ืžืœ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืคืึทืœืŸ 
ืึท ืคื™ึทื™ืขืจืคืœืึทื ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืึธื˜, 
ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื’ืขืžืึทื›ื˜ ืึท ืกื•ืฃ - 
507 


ืื™ื•ื‘: 
ืชืžื ืข: 


ืื™ื•ื‘: 


ืชึผืžื ืข: 
ืึท ืฉืœื™ื—: 


ืื™ื•ื‘: 


ืคืึทืจื‘ืจืขื ื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ืึทื ืฆืข ืฉืึธืฃ, 
ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื ื’ืœืขืš ืึทืœืข! 
ื“ืึธ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืจ'ืขืจื“, 
ืึทืœืฅ ืฐืึธืก ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื–ืŸ ืื™ื– ื‘ืฒึท ื“ื™ืจ ื ืึธืš ื“ืึธ - 
ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ, ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ืึธ! 
ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืึทื ื˜ืจื•ื ืขืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื ืึธืจ ืฆื• ื“ื™ืจ ืึทื”ืขืจ-- 
ืึธื ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืขืก ื“ื™ืจ! (ืึธืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ ืฐื•ื•ึผ ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ) 
ื™ืึธ... ื™ืึธ... 
(ืฐืึทืจืคื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ืคืœื•ื ื’ ื“ืขื ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜ ื’ืขื”ืึทืœื˜ืขื ืขื ืงืึธืคึผ, ืึทื”ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืึทื”ื™ืŸ) 
ื•ื•ื™ื™ ืžื™ืจ! 
: 
(ืคืึทืœื˜ ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื˜ื™ืจ ืจืขื›ื˜ืก) 
ืื™ื•ื‘! 
(ืฐื•ื™ ืคืจื™ืขืจ) 
ื™ืึธ! 
ืฐื•ื™ื™,., ื•ื•ื™ื™.., 
ื›ืึทืœื“ืฒื™ืขืจ -- 
ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ 
ืฆืขื˜ื™ื™ืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืจืฒึท ื”ืฑืคึผื˜ืขืจ, 
ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทืคืึทืœืŸ 
ื•ื•ื™ืœื“ ืึทืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืขื”ืฒื™ืขืจ, 
ื“ืฒึทื™ื ืข ืงืขืžืœืขืŸ ืึทืœืข-- 
ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทื˜ืฑื‘ื˜ ื–ื™ื™, 
ืื•ืŸ ืึทืœืข ื–ื™ื™ ืคืึทืจื ื•ืžืขืŸ! 
ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื ื’ืœืขืš ืึทืœืข ื“ืฒึทื ืข ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ, 
ื“ืขืจืฉืœืึธื’ืขื ืข ืฆื•ื ืฉืึทืจืคืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจื“-- 
ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืึทื ื˜ืจื•ื ืขืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื ืึธืจ ืฆื• ื“ื™ืจ ืึทื”ืขืจ, 
ืึธื ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืขืก ื“ื™ืจ! ืึธืคึผ 


(ื•ื•ื™ ืคืจื™ืขืจ) 


ื•ื™ืึธ! 


ื•ื•ื™ื™ ืžื™ืจ! 
(ืจืฒึทืกื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื˜ื™ืจ ืœื™ื ืงืก) 
ืื™ื•ื‘! 
ื™ืึธ! ื™ืึธ! ื™ืึธ! 
208 


ื“ืขืจ ืฉืœื™ื—: ื•ื•ื™ืœ! 
ื“ืฒึทื ืข ื–ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืฒึทื ืข ื˜ืขื›ื˜ืขืจ ืขืกืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืจื™ื ืงืขืŸ ืฐืฒึทืŸ 
ืื™ืŸ ื”ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืขืœื˜ืกื˜ืŸ ื‘ืจื•ื“ืขืจ, 
ื•ื• ืึทืœืข ื–ื™ 
ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ืœืขื›ืข ื’ืขื–ืขืกืŸ. 
ืื™ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ื˜ืึธื’, ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื”ืขืœืŸ ืฉืฒึทืŸ-- 
ืขืจืฉื˜ ืึท ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ ืึท ืฉื˜ืึทืจืงืขืจ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืฒึทื˜, 
ืคื•ืŸ ืžื“ื‘ืจ-ื–ืฒื™ื˜, 
ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื’ืขื‘ืจื•ื™ื–, 
ืžื™ื˜ ืึท (ื’}ืขื–ื•ื™ื–, 
ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื’ืขืจื•ื“ืขืจ -- 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืขืงืŸ ืคื™ืจ ืงื•ื™ื ืึธื ื’ืขืจื™ืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ื–-- 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื”ื•ื™ื– ืคืึทืœื˜ ืืฒื™ืŸ, 
ื”ืจื’ืขื˜ ืึทืœืข ื–ื™ื™, ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื ื’ืœืขืš ืึทืœืข 
ืคื•ืŸ ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื– ื’ืจื•ื™ืก-- 
ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืึทื ื˜ืจื•ื ืขืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื ืึธืจ ืฆื• ื“ื™ืจ ืึทื”ืขืจ-- 
ืึธื ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืขืก ื“ื™ืจ! ืึธืคึผ 


ืื™ื•ื‘; ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜, 
ืื™ืš ื”ืขืจ! 

ืชึผืžื ืข; (ืคึผืึทืœื˜ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื’ืขื–ืขืก ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื ืงืœ) 
ื•ื•ื™ื™ ืžื™ืจ! 

ืื™ื•ื‘: ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื–? 


ืฐืึธืก ืคืึทืœืกื˜ื• ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคื™ืก? 
ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ื’ืขืคืึทืœืŸ, ืชึผืžื ืข ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืฆืŸ-- 
ืื™ืš, ื•ื™ ื“ื• ื–ืขืกื˜, 


ืื™ืš ืฉื˜ื™ื™ 
ืื•ื™ืฃ ืžืฒึทื ืข ืคื™ืก ื ืึธืš ืคืขืกื˜... 

ืชึผืžื ืข: ื•ื•ื™ื™! 

ืื™ื•ื‘: ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ื“ื™ ื“ื•ื ืขืจืŸ ื“ืึธ, ืชึผืžื ืข? 


ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืœืข, 
ื“ื™ ืคื™ืจ ืœื•ื™ืคืขืจืก, 
ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื’ืขืฉื™ืงื˜ืข ืื•ื ื“ื– ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื“ืึธ? 


509 


ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ื“ื™ ืงื•ืœื•ืช ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข, ื“ืึธืก ืฉืึทืœืŸ 
ื•ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื•ืคืจื•ืช? 
ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื“ืึธืš ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™... 
ืึธื˜ ื™ืขืฆื˜, ืึธื˜ ื™ืขืฆื˜, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ื ื•ื˜, 
ืื™ืš ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื’ื•ื˜! 
ืื™ืš ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ, ื–ืฒื™ืขืจ! 
ืื™ืš ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™! 
ืคื•ืŸ ื ืขื›ื˜ืŸ ื ืึธืš, ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ืขืจ -- 
ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ืขืจ-ืื™ื™ืขืจื ืขื›ื˜ืŸ, 
ืคื•ืŸ ืคืจื™ืขืจ ื ืึธืš, ืคื•ืŸ ืคืจื™ืขืจ? 
ืื™ื•ื‘! ืื™ื•ื‘! 
ื•ื™ ืงืขื ืกื˜ื• ืขืก ื’ืึธืจ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ! 
ืึธ! 
ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืื•ืžื–ื™ืกื˜ ืคืึทืจ ื–ื™ ื’ืขืขืคื ื˜ ืึทืœืข ื˜ื™ืจืŸ-- 
ื–ื™ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืคืจื™ืขืจ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื–ืŸ ื“ืึธ! 
ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื”ืึทื˜, ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื”ืึทื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืฆื• ืคืึทืจืœื™ืจืŸ, 
ืื™ืš ืคืึทืจืฉืคึผืึธืจ ืฆื• ืงืœืึธื’ืŸ. 
ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ื™ื™ ื’ืขืจื™ื›ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, 
ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขืจื™ื›ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ืŸ! 
ื–ืึธื’ ืชึผืžื ืข, ืชึผืžื ืข! 
ื”ืึธืกื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ื–ื™ื™? ื–ื™ืš ืืฒึทื ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ื’ืขื–ื™ื›ื˜ืขืจ? 
ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื–ื™ื›ื˜ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜, ืึท ื’ืจื™ื ื ืึธืจ, 
ืึท ื’ืจื™ื! 
ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื 
ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ืึธ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผื ื™ื. 
ืื™ืš ืงืึธืŸ ืึทื™ืขื“ืขืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™, ืื™ืš ืงืึธืŸ ืื™ื! 
ืื™ืš ืงืขืจ ืึทืคึผื™ืœื• ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื ื‘ืฉืขืช ืขืจ ืจื•ืคื˜, 
ืขืจ {ืื™ื–} ืฐื™ ืœื•ืคื˜-- 
ืื™ืš ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืึทืœืขืžืขืŸ, ืื™ืš ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ ื’ื•ื˜, 
ื•ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ) ื“ืึธืš ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื’ืขื–ืขืกืŸ, 
ืžืฒึทืŸ {ึทืœืฒึทื‘} ื’ืขื’ืขืกืŸ, | 
ื’ืขื˜ืจื•ื ืงืขืŸ ื˜ืจืึธืคึผื ืฐืฒึทื– ืžืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื˜, 
ื‘ื™ืกืœืขื›ืฐืฒึทื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ, 
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ืชึผืžื ืข: 


ื–ื™ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ ืื•ืŸ ื ืึทื›ื˜ ืฆื• ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ, 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื ืฒึท ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ืึทืฐืขืง. 
ืืฑื™ืกื’ืขืœื™ื™ื“ื™ืงื˜ ืžื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขืคื™ืœื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืฉืจืขืง, 
ืžื™ื˜ ืฉืจืขืง! ืžื™ื˜ ืฉืจืขืง! 
ืžื™ื˜ ืึธื ื–ืึธื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืœืขื ื“ื•ื ื’! 
ืชึผืžื ืข! 
ืก'ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืขื ื•ื’ ื“ืึธืš ืงืขื ื˜ื™ืง, 
ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืึท ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืœืึทื ื’ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืึธืš ื’ืขืฉืจืึธืงืŸ -- 
ืื™ืš ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ ื’ื•ื˜, ื›'ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืฉืคึผืจืึทืš, 
ืขืก ืงืœื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ื’ืœืึธืงืŸ! 
ืื™ืš ื–ืข ื–ื™ื™, ื”ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ ื‘ืขืช ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืš, 
ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื“ืจื™ืžืœ-- | 
ื–ื™ื™ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ืึธืš ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื™ืžืœ, 
ืชึผืžื ืข! 
ื‘ืขืช ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ื“ืึธ ืจืขื“ืŸ -- 
ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื“ืึธืš ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข, ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข, 
ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ืึทื–ืฑ ื•ื™ ืื™ืš -- ื“ื• ืื•ื™ืš, 
ื“ื™ ืืฑื’ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืึธืคึผ ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืš 
ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืœืขืš, ืงืœืึธืจ, ืึทืš ืงืœืึธืจ-- 
(ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ืœ) 
ืก'ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืฐืึธืจ! 
ืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื’ืขืžืึทื›ื˜ ืึท ืžื™ืื•ืกืŸ ืึท ืฉืคึผืึทืก, 
ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ื“ืขืจืฉืจืขืงืŸ... 
ื ืขื ื“ืขื ืฉื˜ืขืงืŸ, (ืฉื˜ื•ืคึผื˜ ืื™ื ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืึทื ื˜ ื“ืขื ืฉื˜ืขืงืŸ) 
ื ืขื, ื’ื™ื™ ืึทืจืฑืก ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึทืก, 
ืึธ ื’ื™ ืึทืจืฑืก, 
ืงื•ืง ืื•ื ื–ื™ืš, ื•ื•ืขืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ื•ื™ืจ ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธืจืš, 
ืืคืฉืจ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื ืึธืš ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืึธืจื˜ ื“ืึธืก ื”ื•ื™ื–? 
ืืคืฉืจ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–'ืจืข ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ื ืึธืš? 
ื“ื™ ืึธื ื–ืึธื’ืขืจ, ื“ื™ ืคื™ืจ -- 
ืคืจืขืžื“ืข ื˜ืึทืงืข ืึทืœืข, ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื’ืข-- 
ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ืื•ื ื“ื– ืึทืจืฒึทื ื’ืขืงืจื™ื’ืŸ 
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ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ืขืจ ื ืฒึทืขืก, 
ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ, 
ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ืคืึทืจื’ืœื™ื™ื–ื˜, 
ืžื™ืจ ื’ืœื•ื™ื‘ืŸ, ื’ืœื•ื™ื‘ืŸ! 
ื•ื™ ืงืขืŸ ืž'ืขืก? ืึทืš, ืฐื™ ืงืขืŸ ืž'ืขืก? 
ืึธ, ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื–ืŸ ื˜ืฑื˜! 
ืื™ื•ื‘; (ืึธื ื’ืขืฉืคึผืึทืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืฉื˜ืขืงืŸ, ื”ืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ื™ ื’ืึทื ืฆืข ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืฆื•, ืฆื• ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฐืฒึทื‘ืก ืจืฒื™ื“, ื’ืœื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื ื™ื˜, ืฐืึทืจืคื˜ ื“ืขื ืฉื˜ืขืงืŸ 
ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื˜ื™ืฉ, ื•ื™ ืขืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ืึทืฐืขืงื’ืขืžืึทื›ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฐืฒึทื‘ืก ื”ืฉืขืจื•ืช). 
ืก'ืื™ื– ืืžืช! ืืžืช! 
ืก'ืงื•ืžื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ, 
ืึทื– ืžืขืŸ ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึธืจื‘ืŸ -- ื’ืœื•ื™ื‘! (ืขืจ ืจืฒึทืกื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ื’ื“) 
ื“ื• ืจืฒึทืก ื•ื™ ืื™ืš ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืงืœื™ื™ื“ ืืฒื™ืŸ, ืจืฒึทืก! 
ืจืฒึทืก ืงืจื™ืขื”! 
ืชึผืžื ืข: ืื™ื•ื‘! (ืคึผืึทืœื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืจ'ืขืจื“) 
ืื™ื•ื‘: ื•ื•ื™ื™! 
ื“ื• ืคืึทืœืกื˜? ื“ื• ืคืึทืœืกื˜ ืึทืจืึธืคึผ! 
ื ืึธืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืœืŸ, ืชึผืžื ืข, ื ืึธืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืœืŸ! 
ืชึผืžื ืข: ื•ื•ื™ื™ (ื–ื™ ืจืฒึทืกื˜ ื“ื™ ื”ืึธืจ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคึผื ื™ื) 
ืื™ื•ื‘: ืก'ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจืคืึทืœืŸ! 
ื ื™ื˜ ืจืฒึทืก ื“ื™ ื”ืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ, 
ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืจืึทืคึผืข ื“ืึธืก ื’ืขื–ื™ื›ื˜. 
ืชึผืžื ืข: ื•ื•ื™ื™ ืžื™ืจ, ื•ื•ื™ื™... 
ืื™ื•ื‘: ืื™ืš ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ืฒื™ ื“ื™ืš, ืชึผืžื ืข, ืื™ืš ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™-- 
ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืจื™ื›ื˜... 
ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจื ืึทืจื˜. 


ืชึผืžื ืข: ืื•ืŸ ื“ื•? ืึธ ืฉืขื ื–ื™ืš, ืื™ื•ื‘, ืฉืขื ื–ื™ืš! 
(ื–ื™ ืฉืคึผืึทืจื˜ ืึธืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืึธืคึผ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื–ืขืกืœ) 
ืื™ื•ื‘: ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขืจื™ื›ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ื–ื™ืš, 


ืื™ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘'ืก ื“ืขืจืฐืึทืจื˜, ื“ืขืจืฐืึทืจื˜! 

(ืจืฒึทืกื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืก ื”ื•ื™ืคื ืก ื”ืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ) 

ื•ื•ื™ื™ ืžื™ืจ! ื•ื•ื™ื™ ืžื™ืจ! 

ื“ืึธืก ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืง ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืคึผืœื•ืฆืœื™ื ื’ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธืคืŸ, 
ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜! ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜! 


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ืึธ, ื•ื•ื™ื™ ืžื™ืจ! ื•ื•ื™ื™ ืžื™ืจ! 

ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ืžืฒึทื ืข ื˜ื™ืจืŸ ืึธืคืŸ 

ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ื– ืขืก ืžื™ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’. 
ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืœืขื’ืŸ ืœืึทื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืžื™ืจ ื“ืึธ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืกื˜, 
ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื“ื™ ื ืขื›ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืžื” 

ื ึดื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฉืœืึธืคืŸ, 

ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืฉืจืขืง ืคึฟืึทืจื‘ืจืึทื›ื˜ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขื’... 

ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜, 

ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธืกื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜! 

ื•ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ืขืก ื’ืขืงืขื ื˜ ื“ื™ืจ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ? (ืจืฒึทื˜ื˜ ื“ื™ ืงืœื™ื™ื“ืขืจ) 

ืึธ, ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืžืฒึทื ืข, ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืืฒึทืš ืœืขื‘ืขื“ื™ืงืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜ ื‘ืึทืงืœืึธื’ื˜, 
ื‘ืฒึท ืืฒึทืขืจ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื ืึธื›ื’ืขื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ ืืฒึทืขืจ ื˜ืฑื˜ืฐืึธื’ืŸ. 
(ืฆื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื™ ืื•ื™ืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืจ'ืขืจื“) 

ื•ื•ื™ืœ! 

ืชึผืžื ืข! | 

ื“ื• ืื•ื™ืš? ืฐื™ืœืกื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ืคืึทืจืœืึธื–ืŸ ืžื™ืš? 

ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ื™ืš ื’ื™ืš! 

ืœืึธื– ื”ืขืจืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื ื ืึธืจ, 

ืชึผืžื ืข! 

(ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืงืจืขื›ืฅ, ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืจ'ืขืจื“) 

ืื™ืš - 

ืฉื˜ื™ื™ ืื•ื™ืฃ, ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึทืœื˜ ืžื™ืš ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ-- 

ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘'ืก ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜ ื ืึธืš ืคืจื™ึดืขืจ -- 

(ืจืฒึทืกื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืจ'ืขืจื“) 

ืื™ื•ื‘! 

ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธืกื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืขืก! 
ืึทืš, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ืจ, ืฐื™ ื“ื• ืขืก ืคืจื™ืขืจ ื ืึธืš-- 
ืืคืฉืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืžื™ืจ ื“ื™ ื‘ืจืึธืš 

ื’ืขืžื™ื˜ืŸื™ 

ื•ื•ื™ื™ ืื•ื ื“ื–! ืžืขืŸ ืงืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ื•ืจืœ ืงื™ื™ื ืขื ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจื”ื™ื˜ืŸ. 
ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธืกื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืขืก! 
ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื“ืขื ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืง ื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ, 
ืึท ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ื ืก ืงืจืขื›ืฅ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื“ื™ืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ื”ื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’. 


513 


ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ืึธืš ืจืฒึทืš, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ืึทืœืฅ ืคืึทืจืœื•ื™ืจืŸ-- 
ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ืึทืœื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืœื™ื˜ืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ืงื™ื™ื ืขื ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืขืก... 
ืื™ื•ื‘: ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื–ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ืจืŸ, 
ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึทืจืง ืื•ืŸ ืžื•ื ื˜ืขืจ, 
ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืขื›ื˜ืขืจ ืฉื™ื™ื ืข, ื•ื•ื™ืงืกื™ืงืข, ื’ืขื˜ืึธืงื˜ืข, 
ื–ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืขื›ื˜ืขืจ! 
ืื™ืš ืคืœืขื’ ื–ื™ืš ืฉืจืขืงืŸ ืคืึทืจ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื”ื™ืœื›ื™ืงืŸ ื’ืขืœืขื›ื˜ืขืจ, 
ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขื ืžื™ื ื“ืกื˜ืŸ ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฉืจืขืงืŸ, 
ืื™ืš ืคืœืขื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืœืึธืฃ ื–ื™ื™ ื•ืขืงืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืฐืึทื›ืŸ: ืฉืœืึธืคึผื˜! 
ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื’ืขื”ืึธืคื˜: 
ืก'ืื™ ื’ื•ื˜, ืก'ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื’ื•ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ, ื™ืึธื™.- 
ืื™ืš ื ื™ื˜... ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜! (ื’ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึท ืฐืึทืงืœ) 


ืชึผืžื ืข: ืื™ื•ื‘! (ืœื•ื™ืคื˜ ืฆื• ืื™ื ืฆื• ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึทืœื˜ ืื™ื ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ) 
ืื™ื•ื‘: ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜ ืขืก ืคืจื™ืขืจ... 
ืชึผืžื ืข: ืฐืึธืก? 

ืื™ื•ื‘: ื–ื™ ืงื•ืžื˜! ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืžื•ื–ื˜, 


ื’ืขืžื•ื–ื˜ ื“ืึธืš ืงื•ืžืขืŸ, ื–ื™, ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ื–ืข ืฉืขื”, 
ื“ื™ ืฉืขื” ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจื“ืจืึธืก! 
ืึธ, ื˜ืขื›ื˜ืขืจ, ื˜ืขื›ื˜ืขืจ ืžืฒึทื ืข, ื–ื™ืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืข, ื–ื™ืŸ! 
ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ 
ืื•ืžืจื•ื™ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืจื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื 
ืึทืจื•ืžื’ืขื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ ืืฒึทืขืจ ื™ื•ื-ื˜ื•ื‘ื“ื™ืงืŸ ื”ื•ื™ื–, 
ืึทืจื•ื, ืึทืจื•ื... 
ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึทืจืฒึทื ื’ืขื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ืึทื”ื™ืŸ, 
ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื ืึธืกืŸ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฐืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก, 
ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืคื•ืœืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื’ืขื’ืึธืกืŸ... 
ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ื™ื“ ืื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธืคืขื ืข ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจ 
ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ืฆื• ืžื™ืจ ืึทืจืฑืก 
ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืš ื’ืขืฉืจืึธืงืŸ. 

ืชึผืžื ืข: ืคืึทืจ ืฐืึธืก? 

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ืื™ื•ื‘: 


ืชึผืžื ืข: 
ืื™ื•ื‘: 


ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ื™ืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืคืขืœืŸ? 

ื–ื™ืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืข ืœื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืกื˜ืข, ื˜ืขื›ื˜ืขืจ ืžืฒึทื ืข ืฉืขื ืกื˜ืข, 
ืคืึทืจื•ื•ืึทืจืคื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืœื™ืงืœืขื›ืข ื“ื™ ืฉืฐืึทืจืฆืข ืœืึธืงืŸ, 
ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื™ื›ืข ืฉื˜ืขืจื ืก, 

ื‘ืฒึทื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืขืจ ื›ึผื•ืก. 

ืื™ืจ ืฐืขื˜ ืคืึทืจ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ื˜ืจืึธืคึผืŸ ื’ืœื™ืง ื‘ืึทืฆืึธืœืŸ 

ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื˜, ืžื™ื˜ ื˜ืจืขืจืŸ. 

ืึธ ื–ื™ื ื’ื˜ ื ื™ื˜, ื–ื™ื ื’ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืฉื™ื™ืŸ ืึทื–ืฑ 

ืื™ืจ ืฉื™ื™ื ืข ื˜ืขื›ื˜ืขืจ ืžืฒึทื™ื ืข, ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ื•ื™ืœืข ืžืฒึทื ืข ื™ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, 
ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืจ ืคืจื™ื™ืœืขืš ื–ื™ืš ืึทื–ืฑ ืฆืขื–ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ? 

ืื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืš ืึทื–ืฑ ืื•ืŸ ืคืจืฒึทื™ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ืžืขืŸ? 

ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืขืก ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ืึทื ืขืŸ.- 

ืชึผืžื ืข, 

ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ืฒึท ื“ืฒึทื ืข ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ, 

ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืื™ื ืฐื™ื™ื ื™ืง ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืงืฐืึธืœืŸ 

ืื™ืŸ ืคื•ืœืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ืขื ื•ืก, 

ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš, ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทื ืขืŸ 

ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ 

ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ื™... 

ืคืึทืจ ืฐืึธืก ืึทื–ืฑ? 

ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜! 

ืžืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืคืึทืจ ืึทืœืฅ ื‘ืึทืฆืึธืœืŸ. 

ืึธ, ื–ื™ืกืข ื˜ืขื›ื˜ืขืจ ืžืฒึทื ืข, ื’ืขืจืึธื˜ืขื ืข ืื™ืจ ืžืฒื™ื ืข ื–ื™ืŸ, 
ืื™ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ื ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืœืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜ 
ืฆื• ืืฒึทืขืจ ืคืจื™ื™ื“ -- 

ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืึทืจืึธืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืŸ. 

ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืืฒึทืš ื“ืจื™ื™ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืึทื ืฅ-- 
ืื•ืŸ ืืฒึทืขืจ ื˜ืึทื ืฅ 

ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ืš ื“ืขืจืฉื™ื˜ืขืจื˜ ื’ืึทื ืฅ. 

ื›'ื‘ื™ืŸ ื•ื™ ืึท ืฉืึธื˜ืŸ ื˜ื•ื ืงืœ, ืึธ ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจืข ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทืœื˜ 
ืฆื•ื’ืขืคืึทืœืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจื‘ืจืึธื›ืขื ืข ืžื™ื˜ ื”ืขื ื˜ 

ืฆื• ืงืึทืœื˜ืข ื“ืจื•ื™ืกื ื“ื™ืงืข ื•ื•ืขื ื˜-- 

ื’ืขืฐืึทืœื“! 


215 


ืชึผืžื ืข: 


ืื™ืจ ืฐืขื˜ ืขืก ื“ืึธืš ื‘ืึทืฆืึธืœืŸ! 

ืืœื”ื™ื! 

ื™ืขื“ืข ื‘ืจื›ื” ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืึธืŸ, ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืึธืŸ ืึท ืงืœืœื”, 

ื™ืึธ, ื™ืึธ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ื‘ืจื›ื” ืœืึธื–ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึท ืงืœืœื” ืื•ื™ืก, 
ื ืึธืš ืึท ื’ืœื™ืง ืึท ืงืœื™ื™ื ืขื ืงื•ืžื˜ ืึทืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืง ื’ืจื•ื™ืก. 
ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึทืจื’ืขื ื™ื’ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก, ืึทืš ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืจืึธืš= - 
ื ืึธืš ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืžื™ื ื“ืกื˜ืŸ ืชึผืขื ื•ื’ ืฉืœืขืคึผื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึท ืฐื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ื ืึธืš... 
ื’ื™ืš ืคืึทืจืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื“ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื•ืฐืฑื™ืœื˜ืึธื’, ืคึผืึทืžืขืœืขื›ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื•ื™ื˜-- 
ื ืึธืš ืึท ืงื•ืจืฆืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืึท ืœืึทื ื’ืขืจ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜... 

ื ืึธืš ืึท ืงื•ืจืฆืŸ ืฐืึทืš ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืึทืŸ ืืฒึทื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ืึท ืฉืœืึธืฃ, 
ื•ื™ ื ื™ืฉื˜ื™ืง ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืœืฑื ื•ื ื’, ืฐื™ ืžื•ืจืื“ื™ืง ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืจืึธืฃ! 
ืืœื”ื™ื! 

ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืขื’ ืคืึทืจืœืึธืคืŸ ืื™ื: 

ื’ืขืฉืึธื›ื˜ืŸ ืฉืึธืฃ 

ืื•ืŸ ืจื™ื ื“ืขืจ 

ืžืชืคึผืœืœ ืฉื˜ื™ืœ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจ ืžืฒึทื ืข ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ: 

ืคืึทืจื’ื™ื‘! 

ืคืึทืจื’ื™ื‘ ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ื™ื“ืŸ ื–ื™ื™, ืึธ ื’ืึธื˜! 

ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขื–ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ื ืขื ืึธืŸ ืคืึทืจ ืœื™ื‘, 

ื’ืขื ืึธื“! ื’ืขื ืึธื“! 

ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืคืึทืจ ื–ื™ื™ ื‘ืึทืฆืึธืœื˜! 

ื”ืึธืกื˜'ืก ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืึทืฐื™ืœื™ืงื˜? 

ื”ืึธืกื˜'ืก ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜-- 

ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืึทื ื•ื’ื ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืจื™ื ื“, 

ื ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืชึผืคื™ืœื•ืช ืžืฒึทื ืข ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคืจื•ืžืข, 

ื“ื• ื•ื•ื™ืœืกื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืœืขื‘ืŸ 

ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืงื™ื ื“, ืึท ืงื™ื ื“, 

ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ... 

ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื–ื™ื™ ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ 

ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ -- 

ื–ืฒึท ื’ืขื‘ืขื ื˜ืฉื˜! (ืคืึทืœื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืจื™ืขืจื“) 

(ืงื ื™ื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืื™ื). 


ืคืึธืจื”ืึทื ื’. 


216 


ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ืึทืงื˜ 


ืคึผืขืจื–ืึธื ืขืŸ 


ืื™ื•ื‘ 

ืชึผืžื ืข 

ืืœื™ืคื– ืคื•ืŸ ืชึผื™ืžืŸ 
ื‘ืœื“ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื— 
ืฆื•ืคืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืขืžื” 
ื“ื™ ืฉื›ื ื” 

ื“ืขืจ ืฉื‚ื˜ืŸ 

ื’ืึธื˜ืก ืงื•ืœ 


ืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืžืœ 
(ืึท ื’ืจื•ื™ืขืจ ื”ื™ืžืœ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืžืขืจ) 


ืœื™ื›ื˜ืฉื˜ืจืึทืœืŸ: (ืคืึทืœืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฆืข ื’ืึทืจื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืจืขื›ื˜ืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ืœื™ื ืงืก ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง) 

ืึท ืฉืึธื˜ืŸ: (ืคืึทืœื˜ ืฉืฐืึทืจืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื ืงืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ืจืขื›ื˜ืก) 

ื’ืึธื˜ืก ืงื•ืœ: ื•ื•ืขืจ? 
ื•ื•ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึทืจืฒึทื ื’ืขืฉืœืฒึทื›ื˜ ืฆื• ืžื™ืจ ืึทื”ืขืจ? 
ื•ื•ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ื”ื™ืžืœ ืžืฒึทื ืขื ืื•ืžื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืจื˜ 


ื‘ืึทื˜ืจืึธื˜ืŸ? 
ืฉื‚ื˜ื ืก ืงื•ืœ: ืื™ืš, ื“ืขืจ ืฉึนื‚ื˜ืŸ. 
ื’ืึธื˜ืก ืงื•ืœ: ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืึทื ืขืŸ? 
ืฉื‚ื˜ื ืก ืงื•ืœ: ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืฉืคึผืึทืฆื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืจ'ืขืจื“. 
ื’ืึธื˜ืก ืงื•ืœ: ืฆื™ ื”ืึธืกื˜ื• ืฆื•ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืจืขื›ื˜ 


ืฆื• ืื™ื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืงื ืขื›ื˜? 
ืฆื™ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืŸ ื ืึธืš ืึทื–ืึท ืฐื•ื™ ืขืจ ืคืึทืจืึทื ืขืŸ. 
17 


ืฉื‚ื˜ื ืก ืงื•ืœ: 


ื’ืึธื˜ืก ืงื•ืœ: 


ืฉื‚ื˜ื ืก ืงื•ืœ: 


ืื™ื•ื‘; 
ืชึผืžื ืข: 


ืื™ื•ื‘: 
ืชึผืžื ืข: 


ืื™ื•ื‘: 


ืฆื™ ื”ืึธืกื˜ื• ื•ื•ืขืŸ 
ืึทื–ืขืœื›ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ? 

ืึธืจื ื˜ืœืขืš ืื•ืŸ ืคืจื•ื ืื•ืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืขื”ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ืก! 
ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ืฉื˜ืึทืจืง ืื™ืŸ ื’ืœื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืฐื•ื™ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ! 
ื”ืึธืกื˜ื• ืžื™ืจ ืึธื ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜, ื“ื• ืฉื‚ื˜ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜, 
ืคืึทืจืœืขื ื“ืŸ ืื™ื ืื•ืžื–ื™ืกื˜! 

ืคืขืœ ืคืึทืจ ืคืขืœ! 

ืื•ืŸ ืึทืœืฅ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืึธืจ ื’ื™ื˜ ืขืจ ืคืึทืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื–ืขืœ! 
ื“ื• ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื”ืึทื ื˜ ื ืึธืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ 

ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ื™ื’ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ื ืึทืจืฑืฃ, 

ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ื ืึทืœืฒืŸ, 

ืจื™ืจ ืึธืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืœืฒึทื‘, ืจื™ืจ ืึธืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ืŸ, 

ื•ื•ืขืกื˜ ื–ืขืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ, ื–ืขืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ 

ื•ื™ ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜... ืขืจ ืฐื•ืขื˜ ื“ื™ืš-- (ื‘ืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ)... 
{ืื•ืคืœืŸ! ื’ืขืžืึทื›ื˜! 

ืื™ืš ื’ื™ื‘ ืื™ื ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืžืึทื›ื˜! 

ื“ื• ื”ื™ื˜ ื ืึธืจ, ื”ื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื–ืขืœ, 

ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื˜! 


ื’ื•ื˜ (ื“ืขืจ ืฉืฐืึทืจืฆืขืจ ืฉืึธื˜ืŸ ืœื•ื™ืคื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ืคื•ืŸ ืจืขื›ื˜ืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ืœื™ื ืงืก) 


ืคืึทืจืฐืึทื ื“ืœื•ื ื’ 
ืื™ื•ื‘ืก ืฆืขืœื˜ 


(ืื™ื•ื‘ ื–ื™ืฆื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืงืŸ ื‘ืขื ืงืœ ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘, ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธืคึผ ื’ืจื•ื™ืข ื”ืึธืจ ืฆืขืฉื•ื™ื‘ืขืจื˜, ื“ื™ ื”ืขืžื“ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืŸ ืœืฒึทื‘ 


ืฆืขืจื™ืกืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื™ื˜ืŸ, ื“ื™ ื‘ืจื•ืกื˜ ืึธืคืŸ, ืขืจ ืงืจืึทืฆื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฉื˜ืึทืจืง. ื“ื™ ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจ ื˜ื•ื ืงืœ ืคืึทืจื”ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ). 


ืชึผืžื ืข! 

(ืงื•ืžื˜ ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึธื“ืขืจื’ืจื•ื ื˜, ืจืขื›ื˜ืก) 

ืฐืึธืก ื•ื•ื™ืœืกื˜ื•, ื–ืึธื’? 

ื–ืึธืœ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื˜ืึธื’! 

ืก'ืื™ื– ื˜ืึธื’! (ื–ื™ ืฉืœืขืคึผื˜ ืึทืจืึธืคึผ ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ื›ืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก ืคึฟืึทืจื“ืขืงืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจ, ืก'ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื”ืขืœ). 
ืก'ืื™ื– ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’... 


(ืงืจืึทืฆื˜ ื–ื™ืš) 


218 


ื›'ืงืขืŸ ืงื•ื™ื ื“ืขื ืึธื˜ืขื ื›ืึทืคึผืŸ. 


ืชึผืžื ืข: ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืจืึทืคึผืข ื–ื™ืš ืึทื–ืฑ ื‘ื™ื– ื‘ืœื•ื˜! 
ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืจืึทืคึผืข! 

ืื™ื•ื‘; ืึท... ืึท...! 
ืื™ื™ ื’ื•ื˜.., 


ืึท ื‘ืฒื™ืกืขื ื™ืฉ ื‘ืึทืคืึทืœืŸ ืžื™ืš ืึทื–ืึท, 
ื“ืึธ, ื“ืึธ, ื“ืขืจ ื’ืึทื ืฆืขืจ ื‘ื•ื–ืขื... 
ืชึผืžื ืข: ืื™ืš ืงืขื 'ืก ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื•ื–ืขืŸ... 
ืื™ื•ื‘; ืงื•ืง ื–ื™ืš, ืงื•ืง ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•, 
ื•ื•ืขืจ ื“ืขืŸ ื–ืฉืข ืื•ื‘ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ื•? 
ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฐืฒึทื‘-- 
ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฐืฒึทื‘ ืึทื ื˜ืœื•ื™ืคื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื•ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืคึผืขืกื˜! 


ืชึผืžื ืข: ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืฐืฒึทื‘! ืฐืึธืก ืงืขืŸ ืึท ืฐืฒึทื‘ ื“ืขืŸ ื˜ืึธืŸ? 
ื"ื‘: - ืงื•ืง ืึธืŸ ืžื™ืš, ืงื•ืง ืžื™ืš ืึดื– 

ืชึผืžื ืข: ืื™ืš ื–ืข... ืื™ืš ื–ืข ืฉื•ื™ืŸ! 

ืื™ื•ื‘; ื“ื• ื–ืขืกื˜... ื“ื• ื–ืขืกื˜: 


ืขื ื‘ืจืขื ื˜, ืึท ืคื™ื™ืขืจ ื‘ืจืขื ื˜, 
ืื•ืŸ ืงืขื ืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืœืขืฉืŸ-- 


ืฐืฒึทื‘! 
ืชึผืžื ืข: ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฆืข ืœืฒึทื‘ 

ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืš ื‘ืึทื“ืขืงื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ึผื ื“ืŸ. 
ืื™ื•ื‘: ืื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืข ื”ืขื ื˜-- 


ืžืฒึทื ืข ื”ืขื ื˜ ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื•ื™ ื’ืขื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ 
ืื™ ืื™ื™ื ืข, ืื™ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืข-- 

ื•ื™ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฉื˜ืึธืจื‘ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข, 

ืื™ืš ืคื™ืœ ื ื™ื˜ ืžืฒึทื ืข ื”ืขื ื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ! 


ืชึผืžื ืข: ื›'ื•ื•ืขืœ ืจื•ืคืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ... 
ืื™ื•ื‘; ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ ืจื•ืฃ! 
ื“ื•, ื“ื•-- 


ื ืึธืจ ื“ื• ืงื•ื ืฆื•, 
ืฆื•ื ืงืจืขืฆื™ืงืŸ ืฆื•ื ื’ื•ืฃ, 
ืฆื• ืžืฒึทื ืขื... ื ื™ื™ืŸ! 


19 


ื“ื• ืื•ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜! ื ื™ื™ืŸ, 

ืœืึธื– ืึทืœื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ืš ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื•ื™ ืึท ื”ื•ื ื˜! 
ืึทืœืฒืŸ! ืึทืœื™ืŸ! 

ืก'ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื’ื•ืฃ -- ืึท ืฐื•ึผื ื“! 

ืึทืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขื’ืขืกืขื ืข, ืึท ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ืฐื•ึผื ื“... 


ืชึผืžื ืข: ื•ื•ื™"!... 
ืื™ื•ื‘; ื’ื™ ืชึผืžื ืข, ื’ึตื™ื™... 
ืชึผืžื ืข: (ืึธืคึผ. ืคึผืฑื–ืข) 
ืื™ื•ื‘; ืชึผืžื ืข! 
ืชึผืžื ืข: ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื•ื‘? ืฐืึธืก? 
ืื™ื•ื‘; ืื™ืš ืœืฒึทื“ ื“ืึธืš ืึธืŸ ืึท ืžืึธืก, 
ืื™ืš ืฉืžืึทื›ื˜.., 
ืชึผืžื ืข: ืฐืึธืก ืงืขืŸ ืื™ืš ื”ืขืœืคืŸ ื“ื™ืจ, ืึธ ื–ืึธื’. 
ืื™ื•ื‘; ื–ืึธืœ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื ืึทื›ื˜! 


ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื ื•ื’, ื’ืขื ื•ื’ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’, 
ื–ืึธืœ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื ืึทื›ื˜! 

ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืงืจืขืฅ-- 

ื“ืึธืก ืงืจื™ื›ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’, ื“ืขืจ ืœืฅ 

ืžื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืœืฒึทื‘. 

ื˜ืจืฒึทื‘ ืึทืจืึธืคึผ ืื™ื ืชึผืžื ืข, ื˜ืจืฒึทื‘ 

ื“ืขื ืœืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืœืฒืฆืข ืžื™ืจ ืึทืจืึธืคึผ-- 

ืขืจ ื–ื™ืฆื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืงืึธืคึผื• 

ืขืจ ืจืฒึทื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืžื™ืจ ืื•ืŸ ืœืึทื›ื˜! 

ื–ืึธืœ ืฐื•ืขืจืŸ ื ืึทื›ื˜! 

ืึธ ื–ื•ืŸ, ืึธ ืงืจื™ื›ืขืจื™ืŸ, ืึธ ืืฒึทืœ ื–ื™ืš, ืืฒึทืœ! 


ืชึผืžื ืข: ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ืึทื–ืฑ ืก'ื–ืึธืœ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื˜ืึธื’-- 
ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื’ืขืงืจืขื›ืฆื˜, 
ื’ืขืœืขื›ืฆื˜ 
ื ืึธืš ืื™ื ื“ืึธ. 

ืื™ื•ื‘; ืชึผืžื ืข! 


ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืขืจืฉื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜, ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ืื™ื -- 

ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทืœื“ ืคืึทืจืฉืึธืœื˜ืŸ... 

ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜, ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ืื™ื ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ืฐืฒึทืœ! 
220 


ืชึผืžื ืข: 


ืื™ื•ื‘: 


ืชึผืžื ืข: 


ืื™ื•ื‘: 


ืชึผืžื ืข: 


ืื™ื•ื‘: 


ืชึผืžื ืข: 


ืื™ื•ื‘: 


ืชึผืžื ืข: 


ืื™ื•ื‘: 


ืชึผืžื ืข: 


ืื™ื•ื‘: 


ืชึผืžื ืข: 


ืื™ื•ื‘: 


ืชึผืžื ืข: 


ืื™ื•ื‘: 


ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ ื ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื–ื•ืŸ ื’ื™ื ื’ืึธืœื“ืŸ, 
ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืฆื• ืœืึทื ื’! 

ืึท ืœืึทื ื’ืฐืฒึทืœื™ืงืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ืฅ- 

ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืึท ื˜ืึธื’ ืึท ื‘ืœื™ืฅ! 

ืื•ืŸ ืึทื–ืฑ ื“ื™ ื ืึทื›ื˜-- 

ืงื•ืจืฅ-- ืงื•ืจืฅ ื’ืขืžืึทื›ื˜! 

ื–ื™ ื–ืึธืœืŸ ื‘ื™ึทื™ื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฉื ืขืœ-ืฉื ืขืœ, 
ื“ืึธ ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจ -- ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธ ื”ืขืœ! 

ืื™ืš ืงืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืฐืึทืจื˜ืŸ ืœืึทื ื’! 

ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืงืจืึทื ืง... 

ื™ืึธ, ืงืจืึทื ืง... 

ื•ื•ื™ื™... 

ื’ื™ ืชึผืžื ืข, ื’ื™ื™... 

(ืึธืคึผ, ืคึผืฑื–ืข) 

(ืงืจืึทืฆื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ื™ ืึธืจืขืžืก ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜, ื“ื™ ืจืขื›ื˜ืข ื”ืึทื ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ืขืจ ืงืจืึทืฆื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืคืึทืœื˜ ืึธื ืžืขื›ื˜ื™ืง ืึทืจืึธืคึผ) 
ืชึผืžื ืข! 

ืฐืึธืก ื™ืึธื’ืกื˜ื• ืžื™ืš ืึทืจื•ื? 

(ื‘ืขื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืฒืŸ) 

ืื™ืš ืจื•ืฃ ื“ื™ืš, ืงื•ื... 

ื“ื• ืจื•ืคืกื˜ ืžื™ืš ื ื™ื˜, ื“ื• ืฉืจืฒื™ืกื˜... 
ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืฒึทืกื˜, ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืฒึทืกื˜! (ืขืจ ืงืจืึทืฆื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืœื™ื ืงืขืจ ื”ืึทื ื˜ ื“ืขื ืจืขื›ื˜ืŸ ืึธืจืขื) 
ื’ืขื ื•ื’! 

ื“ืขืจ ืึธืจืขื ื‘ืœื•ื˜ื™ืงื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ... ื’ืขื ื•ื’! 
ื ืึธืš, ื ืึธืš... 

ื’ืขื ื•ื’. ื–ืึธืœ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื“ื™ืจ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื ื•ื’... 
ืื™ืš ืงืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืจื™ืจืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ืึธืจื˜. 
ืึธืš, ืึธืš, 

ื“ืขืจืœืึทื ื’ ื“ืขื ืงืจื•ื’! 

(ื ืขืžื˜ ืึธืŸ ืึท ืงืจื•ื’) 

ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ืคื•ืœืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜, 

ืื™ืš ื“ืึทืจืฃ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ื’ืขื˜ืจืึทื ืง. 
ื“ืขื ืœื™ื™ื“ื™ืงืŸ ื“ืขืจืœืึทื ื’, 

ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื! 


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ืชึผืžื ืข: (ื“ืขืจืœืึทื ื’ื˜ ืื™ื) 


ื ืึท, ื ืขื. 

ืื™ื•ื‘: (ื ืขืžื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืชึผืžื ืขืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืจื•ื’, ืฉืœืฒึทื“ืขืจื˜ ืื™ื ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืจ'ืขืจื“, ืฆืขื‘ืจืขื›ื˜ ืื™ื) 
ืชึผืžื ืข: ืึธ ื’ืึธื˜! 

ืื™ื•ื‘: ืก'ืื™ื– ื“ื™ืจ ืึท ืฉืึธื“? 


ื“ืขืจ ืงืจื•ื’ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ืจ ืึท ืฉืึธื“... 

ืคืึทืจ ื•ื•ืขืžืขืŸ ื”ืึทืœื˜ืกื˜ื• ื–ื™ื™? ืฐืขืจ ืฐื•ืขื˜ ื“ื™ืš ืึทืจื‘ืŸ? 
ืฆืขื‘ืจืขืš ื“ืขื ืงืจื•ื’, ืื™ืš ื“ืึทืจืฃ ืึท ืฉืึทืจื‘ืŸ! 

(ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืึท ืฉืขืจื‘ืœ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื•ืŸ ืงืจืึทืฆื˜ ื“ื™ ืึธืจืขืžืก) 

ืื™ืš ื“ืึทืจืฃ, ืื™ืš ื“ืึทืจืฃ, ืื™ืš ื“ืึทืจืฃ, 

ืึท ืฉืึทืจื‘ืŸ ื”ืึทืจื˜, ืึท ืฉืึทืจื‘ืŸ ืฉืึทืจืฃ, 

ืึท ืฉืึทืจื‘ืŸ, ืึทื– ืžืขืŸ ื“ืึทืจืฃ ืื™ื, ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืึธืคึผืฆื•ืฉืึทืฆืŸ, 


ืื™ืš ื“ืึทืจืฃ, 
ืื™ืš ื“ืึทืจืฃ ื–ื™ืš ืงืจืึทืฆืŸ! (ืงืจืึทืฆื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ื™ื– ื‘ืœื•ื˜) 
ืชึผืžื ืข: ื•ื•ื™ื™.., 
ืื™ื•ื‘; ื’ื™ื™ ืชึผืžื ืข, ื’ึตื™ื™, 
ืชึผืžื ืข: (ืึธืคึผ, ืคึผื•ื™ื–ืข) 
ืื™ื•ื‘: ืชึผืžื ืข! 
ืชึผืžื ืข: (ืงื•ืžื˜ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง) 
ืฐืึธืก ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ? 
ืื™ื•ื‘; ื›'ืฐื•ื™ืœ ืฉื˜ืึทืจื‘ืŸ! 


ื ืึท, ื ืขื ื“ืขื ืฉืึทืจื‘ืŸ, 
ื ืขื, ืฉื˜ืขืœ ื–ื™ืš ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ ืžื™ืจ ืึทื ื™ื“ืขืจ 
ืื•ืŸ ืงืจืึทืฅ ื“ื™ ืคึผืœืฒืฆืข ืžื™ืจ, ื“ื™ ืคึผืœืฒืฆืข. 
ืชึผืžื ืข: ืฐืึธืก ื”ืขืœืคื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืงืจืึทืฆืŸ? 
ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ ื“ื™ ืฐื•ึผื ื“ืŸ ื“ืฒึทื ืข ืžืขืจืขืจ ื ืึธืš ืฆืขืจื™ื™ืฆืŸ, 
ืฆืขืจื™ื™ืฆืŸ ื–ื™ื™, ืฆืขืจืึทืฆืŸ... 
ืื™ื•ื‘; ืงืจืึทืฅ! 
ืฆืขืจื™ื™ืฅ ื–ื™ื™, ืึธ ืฆืขืจื™ื™ืฅ ื“ื™ ืงืจืขืฅ, 
ืฆืขืจื™ื™ืฅ ื–ื™ื™ ืื•ืŸ ืฆืขืจืึทืฅ... 
ืฆืขื–ืขืฅ 
ืžืฒึทื ืข ื’ืœื™ื“ืขืจ, ืชึผืžื ืข, 
ืžืฒึทื ืข ืึทืœืข ื’ืœื™ื“ืขืจ, 


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ืชึผืžื ืข: 


ืฉื‚ื˜ืŸ: 


ืชึผืžื ืข: 


ืื™ื•ื‘; 
ืฉื˜ืŸ: 
ืื™ื•ื‘; 


ืชึผืžื ืข: 


ืื™ื•ื‘: 


ืชึผืžื ืข: 


ืื™ื•ื‘; 


ืชึผืžื ืข: 


ืื™ื•ื‘: 


ืึทืœืข ื–ื™ืฒื™, ื–ื™ื™ ืฉืจืฒึทืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื ื“ืึธ, 

ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื™ื˜ืขืจ: 

ืงืจืึทืฅ! 

(ื ืขืžื˜ ื“ืขื ืฉืขืจื‘ืœ, ืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื•ื‘ืŸ) 

(ืงื•ืžื˜ ืœืฒึทื›ื˜ ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื ืงืก ืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืจื•ื ื˜, ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืชึผืžื ืขืŸ, ื ืขืžื˜ ืœืฒึทื™ื›ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืœื™ืฅ ืฉื ืขืœ ืึทืจืฑืก ื“ืขื ืฉืขืจื‘ืœ 
ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื”ืึทื ื˜) 

(ืคื™ืœื˜ ืขืก ื ื™ื˜, ืคืึทืจืฐืึทืจืคื˜ ืคืึทืจืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ืคืœื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜) 

ืื™ืš ืงืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜, ื ื™ื™ืŸ! 

ืงืจืึทืฅ! 

(ืฉื˜ื•ื™ืกื˜ ืื™ืจ ืœืฒึทื›ื˜ ืึธืคึผ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื–ืฒึทื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ืึทืœื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื•ื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืงืจืึทืฆื˜ ืื™ื ื“ื™ ืคึผืœืฒืฆืข) 
(ืคืึทืจืžืึทื›ื˜ ืคืึทืจ ืคืึทืจื’ืขื ื™ื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ) 

ืงืจืึทืฅ ื ืึธืš! 

ืงืจืึทืฅ ื˜ื™ืคืขืจ ื ืึธืš-- 

ื™ืึธ ืกื™ืฃ, ืื™ืŸ ืชึผื•ืš ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืชึผื•ืš! 

(ืคืึทืจื‘ืจืขื›ื˜ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜) 

ื‘ืึทืฉืขืจื˜ ืึทืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืง, ื•ื•ื™ื™, ืึท ื‘ืจืึธืš! 

(ืงื•ืงื˜ ืื™ืจ ืึทื–ืฑ ื•ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืฅ ืึธืŸ) 

ืฉืึทื™.. 

ืื™ืš ืงืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜, ื ื™ื™ืŸ! 

ืขืก ืงืจืึทืฆื˜ ื“ื™ ืคึผืœืฒืฆืข ื–ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึทืœืฒืŸ. 

(ื‘ืจืขื›ื˜ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜) 

ืึทืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืง ืึธื˜ ืึทื–ืึท... 

ืฉืึท... ืฉืึท... 

ื ื™ื˜ ืฉื˜ืขืจ, 

ื•ื™ ืก'ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขืงืจืึทืฆื˜ ืžื™ืš ื•ื•ืขืจ! (ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจืฆืฐืฒืคืœื˜) 
ื–ืึธืœ ืงืจืึทืฆืŸ ืขืจ! 

ื“ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืงืจืขืฅ! 

ืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืึทืจืคืœืึธื›ื˜ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืžื™ืจ ืึท ื ืขืฅ.- 

ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื“ืึธืจื˜, ืึท ืœืฅ, 


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ืฉื‚ื˜ืŸ; 
ืชึผืžื ืข:; 


ืื™ื•ื‘: 


ืฉื‚ื˜ืŸ: 


ืชึผืžื ืข: 


ืื™ื•ื‘: 


ืฉื‚ื˜ืŸ; 


ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื”ืขืฆื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื”ืขืฆื˜... (ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจืฆืฐืฒืคืœื˜) 
ื–ืึธืœ ืขืจ ื”ืขืฆืŸ! 

ืึท... ืื™ ื’ื•ื˜! 

ื–ื™ ื ืขืฆืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ, ื–ื™ื™ ื ืขืฆืŸ, 

ื’ื™ื‘ ืึท ืงื•ืง: ืื™ ืื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ ื‘ืœื•ื˜! 

ื–ื™ ืจื™ื ืขืŸ, ืจื™ื ืขืŸ -- 

ืก'ืคืึทืจื’ืฒื™ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื“ื™ ื–ื•ื ืขืŸ... 

ื–ื™ื™ ืจื™ื ืขืŸ ื˜ืจืึธืคึผื ืฐืฒึทื–, ืึท ื˜ืจืึธืคึผืŸ ื ืึธืš ืึท ื˜ืจืึธืคึผืŸ -- 
ืก'ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืจืึธืคึผืข 

ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืึท ืงืจืขืฆื™ืงืŸ, ืึท ื˜ืžื, 

ืก'ืื™ื– ื–ื•ื™ืžืขืŸ! ื–ื•ื™ืžืขืŸ 

ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขื’ืึทื ื’ืขื ืข ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื‘ืข-ืœื™ื™ื“ืŸ, 

ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื‘ืข-ืคืจื™ื™ื“ืŸ 

ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฉืึธืกืŸ! 

ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ ืฐืึธืœื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึทืจืฒึทื ื’ืขื’ืึธืกืŸ 

ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ื™ืคืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืฐืฒึทื‘ -- 

ืื™ืš ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขืฉื•ื•ื•ื™ืจืŸ: 

ืก'ืฐืึธืœื˜ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืคื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืœืฒึทื‘! 
ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื–ื™ ืžื™ืจ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ืจืŸ... 

(ืœื•ื™ืคื˜ ืฆื• ืชึผืžื ืขืŸ. ืฉื˜ื•ื™ืกื˜ ืื™ืจ ื–ื™ ื–ืึธืœ ืจื™ื™ื“ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืœื•ื™ืคื˜ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ืึธืคึผ ืœื™ื ืงืก) 
(ืคื•ืŸ ืจืขื›ื˜ืก) 

ืึธ ืื™ื•ื‘! 

(ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ืงืึธืคึผ, ืงื•ืงื˜ ืึทืจืฑืฃ ืฆื•ื ืฉื‚ื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืœืฒึทื“ื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื“ืจื•ืง) 
ื”ืึท? 

(ื’ื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ืึท ืฉื˜ื•ื™ืก ืื•ืŸ ืœื•ื™ืคื˜ ืึธืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืึธืจื˜. ื–ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืขืŸ ื ืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื–ืฒึทื˜ืŸ) 
(ืคืึทืจื‘ืจืขื›ื˜ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜, ื˜ืจืขื˜ ืึท ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืคึฟืึธืจืฑืก) 

ืึธ, ื•ื•ื™ื™ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื ื“-- 

ืคืึทืจ ืฐืึธืก? ืคืึทืจ ืฐืึธืก? ืคืึทืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื–ื™ื ื“? 

ืึท ืฉื˜ืจืึธืฃ ืึทื–ืึท? 

(ื’ืขืฐืึธื ื“ืŸ ืฐื™ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื ืฉึนื‚ื˜ืŸ) 

ื”ืึท? 

(ืจืขื’ื˜ ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ืึธืŸ ืฆื• ืจื™ื™ื“ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืœื•ื™ืคื˜ ืึธืคึผ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืึธืจื˜) 


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ืชึผืžื ืข: ื•ื•ื™ื™ ืžื™ืจ, ื•ื•ื™ื™... 
ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืืฑื™ืกื’ืขืฉืึธื˜ืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืฐื™ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืฉื ื™ื™, 
ืื•ืŸ ื’ืจื™ืŸ ื•ื™ ืึท ื’ืจืึธื–, 
ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืฉื•ื•ื™ืจ -- 
ืคืึทืจ ืฐืึธืก? 
ืคืึทืจ ืฐืึธืก, ืึธ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืขืก ื“ื™ืจ? 


ืื™ื•ื‘: (ืื™ืŸ ืฉื‚ื˜ื ืก ื–ืฒึทื™ื˜) 
ื”ืึท ืฐืึธืก? 
ืชึผืžื ืข: (ืคืึทืจื“ืจืึธืกื™ืง, ืงืจื™ืžื˜ ืื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื•ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ื ืึธืš) 


"ื”ืึท ืฐืึธืก?" "ื”ืึท ืฐืึธืก?" 
ืื™ืš ืจื™ื™ื“ ืฆื• ื“ื™ืจ ืึท ืฆืฒึทื™ื˜- 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ื•, ื“ื• ืงื•ืงืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืžืฒึทื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื˜! 
ืื™ืš ืฉื˜ื™ื™ ื“ืึธืš ื“ืึธ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื•, ื“ื• ืงื•ืงืกื˜ ืึทื”ื™ืŸ... 
ื“ื• ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืฐื•ึผ ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ? (ืคึฟืึทืจืฆืฐืฒืคึฟืœื˜) 
ืื™ื•ื‘! 
ืื•ื™, ืึท ืงืœืึธื’, 
ื–ืึธื’, ื–ืึธื’, 
ืฐื•ึผ ืื™ื– ืชึผืžื ืข, ื–ืึธื’! 
ืฐืฒึทื– ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืคื™ื ื’ืขืจ ืึธืŸ ืึทืฐื•ึผ ื–ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜, 
ื“ืขืจื”ืขืจืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜, ื”ืขืจืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืžืฒึทื ืข ืจื™ื™ื“, 
ื”ื’ื ืื™ืš ืจื™ื™ื“ ื’ืึทื ืฅ ื”ื•ื™ืš... 
ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ืึทืœื™ื™ืŸ -- ืื™ืš ืื•ื™ืš, (ืื™ืŸ ืฆืขืžื™ืฉื•ื ื’) 
ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ื“ืึธืก ื’ืขืคื™ืœ 
ืื™ืš ื–ืึธื’ ื ื™ื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ืœ, 
ื ื™ื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืš ืžื™ื™ืŸ... 
ืื™ืš ืึทืœื™ื™ืŸ -- 
ืžื™ืš ื ืขืžื˜ ืึทืจื•ื ืึท ื’ืจื•ื™ืœ-- 
ื›'ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื”ื•ื™ืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฆืŸ, ื”ื•ื™ืœ! 
ืื•ืŸ ืขืžืขืฅ ืจืขื“ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื™ืจ ืจืขื“ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืžื•ื™ืœ-- 
ืึท ืžืึธื“ื ืข ื–ืึทืš... 
(ืฐื™ ื–ื™ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืื™ื ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื•ื•ืขืงืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื˜ื™ืคืŸ ืฉืœืึธืฃ) 
ืื™ื•ื‘! 
ื“ืขืจืฐื•ืึทืš! ื“ืขืจืฐืึทืš! 
225 


ืฉื‚ื˜ืŸ: 


ืื™ื•ื‘: 


ืฉื‚ื˜ืŸ: 


ืื™ื•ื‘: 


ืฉื‚ื˜ืŸ: 
ืื™ื•ื‘: 


ืฉื‚ื˜ืŸ: 
ืื™ื•ื‘: 


ืฉืขื ืง ืžื™ืจ, ืฉื™ืง 

ืึท ื‘ืœื™ืง... 

(ืฐืึทืจืคื˜ ื‘ื™ื™ื– ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ืจ ืึทืจืฑืฃ ืึท ืฉืฐืึทืจืฆืŸ ื˜ื™ื•ืœ, ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืฉืฐืึทืจืฆืŸ ื˜ื•ืš ืคืœืึทื˜ืขืจื˜ ืขืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืจ. 
ืคืึทืจื™ืึธื’ื˜ ื–ื™) 

(ืœื•ื™ืคื˜ ืึธืคึผ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื•ื•ึผ ื–ื™ ืงื•ืžื˜, ืจืขื›ื˜ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืคืึธื“ืขืจื’ืจื•ื ื˜ -- ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงื™ืš) 
(ืึธืคึผ ื ืึธืš ืื™ืจ) 

(ืคึผืฑื–ืข) 

(ืงื•ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฆืขื˜ื•ืžืœื˜ ืฆื•, ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืขืขื ื“ื™ืง, ื ื™ื˜ ืฐื™ืกื ื“ื™ืง ื’ืึธืจื ื™ื˜. ืฉืจืฒึทื˜) 
ืชึผืžื ืข! 

(ืงื•ืžื˜ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืจื•ืฃ) 

ืฐืึธืก ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ! 

ืชึผืžื ืข! (ื•ื•ื™ืœ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ืขืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก ืฐืึธืก, ืฐืึธืก ืึทืจื˜ ืื™ื) 

ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธืกื˜ื• ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืึทื–ืฑื ืก? 

ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ื•ื˜ ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ - 

ื–ืึธื’, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธืกื˜ื• ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜? 

ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ - 


ืฐืึธืก ื™ืึธื’ืกื˜ื• ืžื™ืš? 


ืฐืึธืœื˜ืกื˜ ื ืึธืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืžื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื™ืึธื’ื˜, 

ืคื•ืŸ ืงื™ืš ืึทื”ืขืจ, 

ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึทื ืขืŸ-ื“ืึธ ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ืš... 

ื”ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ, ื”ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืžื™ืš ืžืึทื˜ืขืจืŸ! 

ื“ื• ืคึผื˜ืจืกื˜ ื–ื™ืš 

ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืœืกื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ืžื™ืš, ืื•ื™ืš ืžื™ืš 

ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ืจ ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืคึผื˜ืจืŸ... 

ืชึผืžื ืข! 

ืฆื™ ื‘ื™ืกื˜ื• ืชึผืžื ืข? ื“ื•? 

ืืฒึท ืœืึธื– ืฆื• ืจื•... 

ืชึผืžื ืข! | 

ืฆื™ ื”ืขืจ ืื™ืš ื“ื™ืš? ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืคึผืจืึทืš? 

ืœืึธื– ืžื™ืš, ืœืึธื– ื’ืขืžืึทืš!... 

(ืงืœืึทืคึผื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืคื•ื™ืกื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ) 

ืชึผืžื ืข-- 

ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฐืฒึทื‘... ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืžืขื ืก ืฉื•ื™ืก 
26 


ืฉื‚ื˜ืŸ: 


ืื™ื•ื‘: 


ืฉื‚ื˜ืŸ: 


ืื™ื•ื‘: 


ืฉึนื‚ื˜ืŸ: 


ืื™ื•ื‘: 


ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขืฐืึทืจืขืžื˜ ื–ื™ืš... ืึทืจืฑืก! 

ืึทืจืฑืก ืื•ืŸ ืงื•ื ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ื“ืึธ ืึทื”ืขืจ, 

ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืึทืฐืฒึทื– ื–ื™ืš ืžืขืจ 

ืคืึทืจ ืžืฒึทื ืข ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ! 

(ืคืึทืœื˜ ืฆื•, ืงื ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืื™ื•ื‘ืก ืฉื•ื™ืก, ื’ืจืึธื‘ื˜ ืืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืก ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคึผื ื™ื) 
ืคืึทืจื’ื™ื‘ ืžื™ืจ, ืึธ ืคืึทืจื’ื™ื‘... 

ืžื™ืจ ืื™ื– ืึท ืฐืึธืจื˜ ืึท ื”ืึทืจื‘ืก ืคื•ืŸ ืžื•ื™ืœ ืึทืจืฑืกื’ืขืคืœืฑื’ืŸ -- 
ื”ืึธื‘ ืžื™ืš ืœื™ื‘... 

ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื“ื™ืš ืœื™ื‘, 

ื™ืึธ ืœื™ื‘, ืื•ืŸ ืžืขืจืขืจ ื ืึธืš ืฐื™ ืคืจื™ืขืจ - 

(ื’ืขืจื™ืจื˜) 

ืื™ื•ื‘! 

ื“ื• ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ืชึผืžื ืข, ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืœื™ื‘ ืžื™ืš ืžืขืจืขืจ... 
ื›'ืงืขืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืขืก -- 

ื›'ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงืจืึทื ืง ืึทื–ืฑ, ื ื™ื˜ ื™ื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื™ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜... 

(ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ืงืึธืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื•ื‘ืก ืฉื•ื™ืก) 

ื•ื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืชึผืžื ืข, ื•ื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜, 

ื•ื•ื™ืฉ ืึธืคึผ ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืขืจืŸ... 

ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ื™ืš, ืฐื•ื™ ืึทืœืฅ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืจ'ืขืจื“, ืคืึทืจืœื•ื™ืจืŸ, 
ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืึธื‘, 

ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืœืข ืžืฒึทื ืข ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ืจืŸ. 
(ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื”ื•ื™ืš ืึท ืœื™ื™ื“ื™ืงืŸ ื”ืึทื ื˜ื”ื•ื™ืคืŸ) 

ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืฆืึธืคึผื• ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืฆืึธืคึผ! 

ืจ'ืื™ื– ืฐืึทืจืขืก-ืฐืึทืจืขื ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืš ืื™ื– ืขืจ ืฐื™ ืฐืึธืœ- . 
ื“ื™ ื”ืึธืจ, ื“ื™ ืฉืฐืึทืจืฆืข ื“ืฒึทื ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืžืึธืœ! 

ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ืึธืš ื’ืขื”ืึทื˜ ืคืึทืจื’ืจื•ื™ื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ... 

ื ื™ื˜ ืฐืึธืจ! ื ื™ื˜ ืฐืึธืจ! 

ืžืฒึทื ืข ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืขืก ื“ื™ ื”ืึธืจ, 

ืฐืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืึทื–ืฑ ืคืจื™ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™... 

ืžืฒึทื ืข, ืžืฒึทื ืข ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจืœืึทื ื’ืขืŸ -- ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ! 

ืึธ, ืชึผืžื ืข... ืคืจื•ื™! | 

ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืคึผื ื™ื ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืึทื“ืขืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืจื•ื™ื˜ืœ 


! ื•ื™ ืึท ืžืึธืœ ืžื™ื˜ ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืฆื™ืจื™ืง -- 


527 


ื’ืขื“ืขื ืงืกื˜? 

ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธ, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘, ื’ืขื•ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ ื“ืึธืก ื’ืœื™ืง... 
ื’ืขื“ืขื ืงืกื˜? 

ื•ื™ ืก'ืฐื•ืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื–ืŸ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜, ืึทืฆื™ื ื“-- 

ื“ื• ืฉืขื ืงืกื˜ 

ื“ืขื ืœืขืฆื˜ืŸ ื–ื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ... ืึทืš! 

ื’ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืฆื• ืงื™ื ื“... 

ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืฉืฐืึทืš, ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืฉืฐืึทืš, 

ืื™ืš ืฉื˜ื™ื™ ืฆื•ืงืึธืคึผืŸ ื“ื™ืจ, ื‘ืฒึทื ื‘ืขื˜, 

ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื˜: 

"ืึธ ื’ืึธื˜!" 

ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืœืขืฆื˜ืขืจ ื•ื™ื™, 

ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืœื•ืฆืœื™ื ื’ ื”ืึธื˜ 

ืคืึทืจื”ื™ืœื›ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ื“ืขื ื ืฒึท-ื’ืขื‘ืึธืจืขื ืขืžืก ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื™. 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ื•-- ื“ื• ืžืึทื›ืกื˜ ืื™ื ื ืึธืš ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื ื“ืึธ - 


ืชึผืžื ืข! 

ืฉื‚ื˜ืŸ: (ืžืึทื›ื˜ ื ืึธืš ื“ืึธืก ืฉืจืฒึทื™ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื ืฒึท-ื’ืขื‘ืึธืจืขื ืขื ืงื™ื ื“) 
ืึท... ืึท...' 

ืื™ื•ื‘: ืฉืึท... 


ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ืื™ื ื ืึธื›ื’ืขืžืึทื›ื˜, ื‘ืฒึท ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ืจืŸ. 
ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืจื™ื™ื“, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืฒึทื ืขืจ - ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืึท ืฉื˜ื™ืคืขืจืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ... 
ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ื ืคืึทืจืœื•ื™ืจืŸ, 
ืžื™ืจ ืฐื•ืขืœืŸ ืžืขืจ ืื™ื ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืขืŸ, 
ื™ืขืฆื˜ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืขืจืฆืขืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื’ืขื‘ืจืึธื›ืŸ -- 
ืžืึทืš ื ื™ื˜ ื ืึธืš ืื™ื! 

ืฉื‚ื˜ืŸ ืึท... ืึท... (ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืึธืŸ ื•ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ) 
ื ื™ื˜ืึธ ืื™ื ืฉื•ื™ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืึทืœืข ื–ื™ื™-- ื ื™ื˜ืึธ ื–ื™ื™. 
ืจ'ืื™ื– ืื•ืžื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ, ืึธ, ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื‘ืจื™ื“ืขืจ ืึทืœ' 
ื•ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ืขืœืขืš ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจื‘ืœืึธื–ืŸ, 
ืฐื™ ืึธืงืกืŸ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื•ื ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืคืึทืจื‘ืจืขื ื˜ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึทืœ, 
ื•ื™ ืคื™ื™ื’ืขืœืขืš ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืฆืขืงืœืึทืคึผื˜ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื’... 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ื•-- ื•ื™ ืก'ืฐื•ืึธืœื˜ ื“ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืึทืจื˜! 


(ื˜ืจืขื˜ ืึท ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืึธืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื•ื‘ืŸ) 


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ืื™ื•ื‘: 
ืฉื‚ื˜ืŸ: 


ืื™ื•ื‘: 
ืฉื‚ื˜ืŸ: 


ืื™ื•ื‘; 


ืฉื‚ื˜ืŸ: 


ืื™ื•ื‘: 


ืฉื‚ื˜ืŸ: 


ืื™ื•ื‘: 


ืฉื‚ื˜ืŸ; 


ืื™ื•ื‘: 


ื“ื• ืœื™ื™ื’ืกื˜! 

ืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืš ื“ื™ืจ ื’ืขื ืึทืจื˜, 

ืื•ืŸ ื“ื•, ื“ื• ืฉืฐืฒึทื™ื’ืกื˜ - 

ืฉืฐืฒึทื’ ืื•ื™ืš! 

ืื™ืš ืฉืฐื•ืฒื™ื’, 

ื ืึธืจ ื“ื•, ื“ื• ืฉืฐืฒึทื’ ื ื™ื˜, ื ื™ื™ืŸ! 

ืื™ืš ืžืึธืŸ ื‘ืฒึท ื“ื™ืจ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื•, ื“ื• ืžืึธืŸ ื‘ืฒึท ืื™ื ื“ืึธืจื˜! 
ืชึผืžื ืข! 

ื“ื• ืจืขื“ืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ื•ื˜, 

ื ื™ื˜ ืฉื™ื™ืŸ, 

ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกืŸ ื˜ืึทืงืข ื ื™ื˜, ื ืึธืจ ื’ืึธื˜ ืึทืœืฒืŸ - 
ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก ื“ืึธืš, ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ื˜ื•ื˜... 

ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก! ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก! 

ืื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืกื˜ ื“ืขืจื‘ืฒื™ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืš - 

ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก... 

ื“ื• ื“ืึทืจืคืกื˜ ืขืก ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ืื•ื™ืš! 

(ืคืึทืจืœืฑืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืึทืจืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ืคืœื•ื ื’) 

ืขืก ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื”ื™ื™ืก... 

ืึธ, ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืง ืžืฒึทื ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืžืฒึทื™ืŸ ื‘ืจืึธืš - 
ืื™ืš ืงืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ื“ืฒึทื ืข ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ, 
ืชึผืžื ืข! 

ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื›'ื’ื™ื‘ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื’ืจื™ื ื“ืึธ 

ื ืึธืš. 

ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืš ืžืึธื’, ืื™ืš ืžืึธื’-- 

ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืื™ืš ื“ื™ืš ื’ืขืฉืœืึธื’ืŸ! 

(ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืื™ื ืฆื•) 

ืฉืœืึธื’! 

(ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื”ืึทื ื˜, ืฉื˜ืึธืงื˜, ื›ืึทืคึผื˜ ืื™ื ืคึผืœื•ืฆืœื™ื ื’ ืคืึทืจืŸ ืึธืจืขื, ืฉืœืขืคึผื˜ ืื™ื ืฆื• ื–ื™ืš, ืฐืึทืจืคื˜ ืื™ื ืฆื• ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ืฉื•ื™ืก) 

ืชึผืžื ืข, ืžืฒึทืŸ ืคืจื•ื™... 

ืฉืœืึธื’! ืฉืœืึธื’! 

(ืงื•ืงื˜ ืื™ื ืึธืŸ) 

ืชึผืžื ืข! 


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ืฉื‚ื˜ืŸ: 


ืื™ื•ื‘: 


ืฉื‚ื˜ืŸ; 


ืื™ื•ื‘: 


ื–ืึธื’ ืฐืึธืก? ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืขืก, ื–ืึธื’! 
ื›'ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ืš ื’ืขืฉืœืึธื’ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืึทืจื•ืžื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ, 
ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื™ืขืฆื˜ ื“ื™ืš ืคืฒึทื ื˜ ืึทื–ืฑ, 

ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ื‘ ืึทื–ืฑ ื“ื™ืš, ืœื™ื‘ ื“ื™ืš ื™ืขืฆื˜ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ-- 
ืฉืœืึธื’ ืžื™ืš, ืฉืœืึธื’! 

(ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืื™ื ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื”ืึทื ื˜, ืงื•ืงื˜ ืื™ื ื’ืจื™ืžื™ืง ืึธืŸ, ืœืึธื–ื˜ ื–ื™ ื‘ืึทืœื“ ืึทืจืึธืคึผ) 
ืชึผืžื ืข ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฐืฒึทื‘! 

ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธืกื˜ื• ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขื“ืขืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฐืฒึทืก ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืœืฒึทื‘? 
ื“ืขืง ืฆื•... (ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธืคึผ ืคืึทืœื˜ ืื™ื ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืฉื‚ื˜ื ืก ื‘ืจื•ืกื˜) 

ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืขืก? ื“ื•? 

ืžืฒึทืŸ ืชึผืžื ืข!... ื ืขื ืึทืจื•ื ืžื™ืš, ื ืขื ืžื™ืš... 

(ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืžื™ื ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืฆื ื•ืขื”) 

ื›'ืฉืขื ื–ื™ืš... 

ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืฉืขืžืขื•ื•ื“ื™ืง... ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก, 

ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืฆื•ื’ืขื“ืขืงื˜ ื“ื™ืš ื”ื™ื™ืก, 

ื‘ืึทื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื”ื™ื™ื 

ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ื -- 

ื”ืึธืกื˜ื•, ืึท ืฉืขืžืขื•ื•ื“ื™ืงืข ื™ืขื“ืขืก ืžืึธืœ 

ืฆื•ื’ืขืžืึทื›ื˜ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ; | 

ืคืึทืจื’ืจืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืงื™ืฉืŸ ื˜ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™'ืจืŸ - 

ืื™ืš ื–ื™ื ื“ื™ืงืขืจ, ื’ืขื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืึธืคืŸ. 
ืึทื ื˜ืงืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ืจ ื’ืขื‘ืจื•ืžื˜, ื”ื•ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืงื•ืœ-- 

ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜, ืึท ืฉืขืžืขื•ื•ื“ื™ืงืข, ื’ืขืœืึธื–ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืึทืฉืœืึธืคืŸ... 
ืึท ืฉืขืžืขื•ื•ื“ื™ืงืข -- ื”ืึธืกื˜ื• ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ืจืŸ, 

ื–ื™ ื’ืขื–ื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื™ื™ 

ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืฆืฑื™ื’ืŸ:. โ€ . 

ื’ืขื“ืขื ืงืกื˜?... ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืžืงื ื ืฉื˜ืึทืจืง ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ 
ืžืฒึทืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜-ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ืจืขื ืขื ื–ื•ืŸ, 

ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ื’ืขืงืœืขืคึผื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฆืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืกื˜... 


- ื’ืขื–ื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืžืฒึทืœืขื›ืœ ื“ืขืจืคื•ืŸ... 


ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ, 

ื›'ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืขืคืึทืœืŸ ืฆื• ืื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืš, 

ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืš ืคืึทืจื’ืœื•ืกื˜: 
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ืึท ื˜ืจืึธืคึผืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืžื™ืœืš, ืึท ืœืขืง... 


ืฉื‚ื˜ืŸ; (ืฐื™ ืขืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืคืึทืจื“ืขืงื˜ ื“ื™ ื‘ืจื•ืกื˜) 

ืื™ื•ื‘: ืคืึทืจื“ืขืง ื ื™ื˜, ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจื“ืขืง! 
ื ื™ื˜ ื ืขื ื–ื™ ืฆื•, ื ื™ื˜ ื ืขื ื–ื™- 

ืฉื‚ื˜ืŸ: | = ื›'ืฉืขื ื–ื™ืš... 

ืื™ื•ื‘: (ื ืขืžื˜ ืคึฟืึทื ืึทื ื“ืขืจ ื“ืขื ืฉื‚ื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜) 
ืฉืขื ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜... ืœืึธื–, ืœืึธื– 
ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ 


ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืึทื“ืึทืจืคื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฉืขืžืขืŸ ื“ืึทืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื™ืขืฆื˜. (ื’ืขื”ื™ื™ืž'ื ื™ืฉืคื•ืœ) 
ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืžืึทืŸ, 
ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืึทื”ืึธืคึผื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ืจ ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื‘ืข, 
ืฐืึธืก ืคืึทืจื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื‘ืข ืื•ื™ืš ืึทืฆื™ื ื“ืขืจ! 
ืึธ ื ื™ื™ืŸ, 
ืขืก ื’ืขืฉืขื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืึท ื ืึทื˜ื™ืจืœืขื›ืขืจ ื’ืขื–ืขืฅ 
ืึทืœืฒืŸ, 
ืขืก ื’ืขืฉืขืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืฐื•ึผื ื“ืขืจ! 
ื•ื• ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืข ืงืจืขืฅ? 
ื–ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ! 
ื‘ืœืึธื– ืื™ืŸ ื”ืึธืจืŸ, 
ื‘ืœืึธื–: 
ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ! 
ื ื™ื˜ืึธ ื–ื™ื™ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ! (ื ืขืžื˜ ืื™ื ืœืฒึทื“ื ืฉืึทืคื˜ืœืขืš ืึทืจื•ื) 
ืงื•ื ืฐื•ื•ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืžื™ืจ, ืงื•ื ื•ื•ื•ื™ืŸ! 
ื ื™ื˜ ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืขืก ื“ื™ ืฉืขืžืขื•ื•ื“ื™ืงืข, ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ ืฐืึธืจ, 
ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขืก ื’ืึธืจ! 
ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉืขืžืขื•ื•ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ื™ื ื“ื™ืงืขืจ, ื–ื™ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข -- 
ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ'ืก! ืื•ืŸ ื“ื•-- ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขืจืึธื˜ืŸ! 
ืฉื˜ืึทืจืง ื–ื™ืš ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ื•ื™ ืื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ืฒึทื ืข ืœืฒึทื“ืŸ, 
ืคึผืึทืจื’ืขืก ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื‘ืข ื–ื™ื™... 
ืœื™ื‘ืข ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื’ืจืขืกื˜ืŸ ืฉืžืึทืจืฅ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจื‘ืึธื˜ืŸ, 
ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ืึท ืคืจื™ื™ื“, ืึท ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™... 
ื“ื• ื”ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ืึธืจ, ืึธ ื”ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคืึทืจืŸ ืฉื‚ื˜ืŸ! 

231 


ืฉื‚ื˜ืŸ: 


ืื™ื•ื‘: 
ืฉึนื‚ื˜ืŸ: 


ืื™ื•ื‘: 


ืฉื‚ื˜ืŸ: 


ืื™ื•ื‘: 
ืฉึนื‚ื˜ืŸ: 


ืื™ื•ื‘: 
ืฉื‚ื˜ืŸ: 


. (ืฐื•ืขืจื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืœื“, ืจืฒึทืกื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึทืฐืขืง ืคื•ืŸ ืึธืจื˜, ืžืึทื›ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื’ืขืคึผื™ืœื“ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืงืฐื™ื˜ืฉืขืจืฒึท ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืงืึธื–ืฉืขืœืงืขืก ื”ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ 


ืฆื•ืจื™ืง, ื–ืขืฆื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื•ื‘ืŸ ืฆื•ืคื•ืกื ืก, ืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ืึธืŸ ื“ืขื ืคึผืจืึธืคื™ืœ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืก) 
ืื™ื•ื‘, ืžืฒึทื™ืŸ ืžืึทืŸ, 
ื“ืขืจืžืึธืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื ืึธืจ, ื“ืขืจืžืึธืŸ 
ื’ืขื“ืขื ืงืกื˜?... ืึท ื ืึทื›ื˜-ืฉืขื”, ืฉืคึผืขื˜, ื‘ืฒึท ืžื™ืจ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืขื˜... 
ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ื“ืึทืŸ ื’ืขืฉืฐื•ืึทื ื’ืขืจื˜, ื›'ื’ืขื“ืขื ืง ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืžืขืŸ, 
ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืžืฒึทื™ืŸ ื‘ื•ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ืคึผื ื™ื, ืื™ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฉืขืžืขืŸ, 
ืคืึทืจื’ืจืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืงื™ืฉืŸ, 
ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ืึทืจืึธืคึผื’ืขืœืึธื–ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื’ืขืงื•ืฉื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื“ืึธืจื˜ - 
ื’ืขื“ืขื ืงืกื˜?... ืื™ืŸ ื™ึถืขื ืขื ืึธืจื˜... 
ืชึผืžื ืฆื™' / 
ืฐืึธืก? ืฐืึธืก ืงื•ืงืกื˜ื• ืึธืŸ ืžื™ืš ืฉื˜ืึทืจ? 
ืื™ื–'ืก ืึท ืฉืคึผืึธื˜ืŸ? (ืงื•ืงื˜ ืื™ื ืึท ืฐืฒึทืœืข ืฉืฐืฒึทื’ื ื“ื™ืง ืึธืŸ) 
ืื•ื™ื‘ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื‚ื˜ืŸ- 
ื–ื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ืจ ืึท ื ืึทืจ! 
(ื‘ืึทืœืฒื“ื™ืงื˜) 
ืฉืจืฒึทื™ ื”ืขื›ืขืจ ื ืึธืš, ืฉืจืฒึทื™ ื”ื•ื™ืš -- 
ืึท ื ืึทืจ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš! 
ืึท ื ืึทืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš, 
ื“ื• ื–ื™ื“ืœืกื˜ ื–ื™ืš... 
ื™ืึธ... ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืฉืคึผืึธื˜!... 
ืึธ ื’ืึธื˜! 
ื’ืึธื˜! ื’ืึธื˜! 
ื ืึธืจ ืื™ื! ืื™ื, ืื™ื ื ืึธืจ! 
ื“ื• ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขื ื ืึธืจ, ื‘ืขืช ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™: 
ื’ืึธื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืฒึทืฐืœ! 
ืชึผืžื ืข! 
"ืชึผืžื ืข"!... ืึธ, ื ืึทืจื™ืฉืขืจ ื‘ืขืœ-ืชึผืื•ื•ื”, 
ื–ืึธื’ ืฐืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ืจ ื‘ืึทืงืœืฒื“ื˜ 
ืึธื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืฒึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ื™ื“? 
ื–ืึธื’ ื•ื•ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™? 
ื–ืึธื’ ื•ื•ืขืจ, 
532 


ืื™ื•ื‘: 


ืฉื‚ื˜ืŸ; 


ืื™ื•ื‘: 


ืฉื‚ื˜ืŸ: 


ืื™ื•ื‘; 


ืื•ื™ื‘ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืึธื˜? ืขืจ, ืขืจ... 
ืงื•ืง ืึธืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื’ื•ื˜... ื–ืข, ื–ืข... 

(ื›ืึทืคึผื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืึธืจืขืžืก) - 

ืืœ ืชืคืชื— ืคื” - 

ื•ื•ื™ื™, ื•ื•ื™ื™, 

ื–ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ืึธ! 

ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึท! 

ืึธ ืชึผืžื ึนืข, ืชึผืžื ืข, 

ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ื˜ ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื ืขื–ืŸ, 

ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื“ื™ ืงืจืขืฅ, ืฐื™ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื–ืŸ, 
ื•ื™ ืึธืคึผื ืขืžืขืงื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื™ ืคืึทืจืฉืฐื•ึผื ื“ืŸ! 

ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืœืฒึทื‘ ื–ื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ืึธื ื’ืขืฆื•ื ื“ืŸ! 
ืฐื•ื™ื“ืขืจ! 

ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื’ืจืขืกืขืจืข ืึท ืœื™ื™ื“, 

ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื•ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ื–ื™ื‘ื ืคึฟืึทื›ื™ืง ื’ืจืขืกืขืจ, 

ื ืขื ืชึผืžื ืข, ื ืขื ืึท ืžืขืกืขืจ, 

ืฉื ืฒื™ื“! 

ืึท ืฉืึทืจื‘ืŸ ื ืขื ืื•ืŸ ืงืจืึทืฅ ืžื™ืจ, ืงืจืึทืฅ ื“ื™ ื’ืœื™ื“ืขืจ -- 
(ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขืœืขื‘ื˜) 

ืฐื•ื™ื“ืขืจ! 

ื–ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืึธืคืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื•ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ 

ืื•ืŸ ื•ื™ ืžืฒึทืœืขืจ, 

ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืฐืฒึทืœืข 

ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืคึฟืึทืจืฆื•ื™ื’ืŸ... 


ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืžืึทื›ื˜ืขืจื”ืฒื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืก'ื ืฒึท ื–ื™ืš ืึธื ื’ืขื’ืึธืกืŸ ืคื•ืœ, 


ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื‘ืฒึทืกืขื ื™ืฉ, 
ืึท ืจืฒึทืกืขื ื™ืฉ 
ืื•ื™ืฃ ืก'ื ืฒึทื™ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืก'ื ืฒึท -- ื›'ื•ื•ืขืจ ื“ื•ืœ! 
ืึธ ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ืฉื˜ืึทืจื‘ืŸ! 
ืชึผืžื ืข, ืžืฒึทื™ืŸ ืฐืฒึทื‘, 
ื ืขื ืชึผืžื ืข, ื ืขื ืึท ืฉืึทืจื‘ืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ืฉื ืฒึทื“, ืฆืขืฉื ืฒึทื“ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืœืฒึทื‘, 
ืงื•ื ืชึผืžื ืข, ืงื•ื-- 
33 


ืฉึนื‚ื˜ืŸ; 


ืื™ื•ื‘: 
ืฉื‚ื˜ืŸ: 


ืื™ื•ื‘: 


ืฉื‚ื˜ืŸ: 


ืื™ื•ื‘: 


ืฉื‚ื˜ืŸ; 
ืื™ื•ื‘: 
ืฉื‚ื˜ืŸ: 
ืื™ื•ื‘: 
ืฉื‚ื˜ืŸ: 
ืื™ื•ื‘: 


ืคืึทืจ ืฐืึธืก, ื•ื•ื™ื™ ืžื™ืจ, 

ืคืึทืจ ืฐืึธืก, ืึธ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืขืก ื“ื™ืจ, 
ืึทื–ืึท ืึท ืกื•ืฃ? 

ืึทื–ืึท ืึท ืฉื˜ืจืึธืฃ! 

ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื– ืึทื–ืฑ ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึทืจื‘... 
ืงื•ื! ืงื•ื! 

ืื•ืŸ ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืึทืœืฅ ื ืึธืš ืคืจื•ื! 
ื‘ืขื ื˜ืฉ ืื™ื 

ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ, ืื•ืŸ 

ืฉื˜ืึทืจื‘! 

(ืคืึทืจื‘ืœื™ืคึผื˜. ื’ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึท ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื ืงืœ, ืงื•ืงื˜ ืึธืŸ ื“ืขื ืฉื‚ื˜ืŸ) 
ื“ื•, ื“ื•ื™ ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืขืก! 

ื“ืฒึทื ืข ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ืกื˜ืข, 
ื“ืฒึทืŸ - ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ื ื“ืึธ 

ืชึผืžื ืข! 

(ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ) 

ืื™ืš! 

ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ื•ื˜ - 


ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธืกื˜ื• ืžื•ื˜, 


ื–ืึธื’ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื ืึธืš ืึท ืžืึธืœ ื“ืึธ ื’ื™ืš... 

ืจื™ื™ื“ ืึธืŸ ืžื™ืš, ืจื™ื™ื“ ื ืึธืš ืึท ืžืึธืœ ืžื™ืš ืึธืŸ - 

ืฐืึธืก ื–ืึธืœ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืึธืŸ 

ืžื™ื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืืœื”ื™ื? 

ื–ืึธืœืกื˜ ืฉื™ืœื˜ืŸ ืื™ื! 

(ืงื•ืงื˜ ืื™ื ืฆืขืžื™ืฉื˜ ืึธืŸ) | 

ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธืกื˜ื• ืึธื ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืžื™ืจ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก? 
ืึทืจืฑืก! ืึทืจืฑืก! (ื™ืึธื’ื˜ ืื™ื ืึทืจื•ื ื˜ื™ืฉ) 

(ืึธื ืฉืคึผืึทืจื ื“ื™ืง ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜ืคึฟืœืึทื›ืŸ ืืฑืคึฟืŸ ื˜ื™ืฉ, ืฉืคึผืจื™ื ื’ื˜ ืขืจ ืื™ื ืึทืจื™ื›ืขืจ ื•ื™ ื’ืขืคืœื•ื™ื’ืŸ) 


(ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจืกืึธืคึผืขื˜, ืฉืคึผืึทืจื˜ ืึธืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜ ืึธืŸ ื‘ืจืขื’-ื˜ื™ืฉ) 


ืึทืจืฑืก! 


ืขืก ื–ืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืœืฒึทื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ืึธ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ืจ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืคึผื•ืจ-- 
ื“ื• ืึทืœื˜ืข, ืึทืœื˜ืข ื”ื•ืจ, 


ืึทืจืฑืก! ืขืจ ื™ืึธื’ื˜ ื–ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ืึทืจื•ื ื˜ื™ืฉ) 


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ืฉื‚ื˜ืŸ; 


ืื™ื•ื‘: 
ืฉึนื‚ื˜ืŸ: 


ืื™ื•ื‘: 
ืฉื‚ื˜ืŸ: 
ืื™ื•ื‘: 
ืฉื‚ื˜ืŸ: 
ืื™ื•ื‘; 


(ืคืœื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื›ืขืจืŸ ื˜ื™ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืขื’ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ) 
ื˜ืจื™ื™ื‘! ื˜ืจื™ื™ื‘! 
ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข, ื“ืฒึทื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื‘, 


ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืงืŸ, ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืคืจืฒึทื ื˜-- 


ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื“ื™ืš ืคื™ื™ื ื˜! (ื›ืึทืคึผื˜ ืึท ืงืจื•ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืคึฟื˜ ืื™ื) 
(ื›ืึทืคึผื˜ ื“ืขื ืงืจื•ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜) 
(ื™ืึธื’ื˜ ืื™ื ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ืึทืจื•ื ื˜ื™ืฉ) 
(ืœืึธื–ื˜ ื“ืขื ืงืจื•ื’ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื‘ืจืขื’-ื˜ื™ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ืœื•ื™ืคื˜ ืึธืคึผ ืงืขื’ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ) 
(ื’ืจื™ึทื™ืคื˜ ื“ืขื ืงืจื•ื’, ืฐืึทืจืคื˜ ืื™ื ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื‚ื˜ืŸ) 
(ื›ืึทืคึผื˜ ื“ืขื ืงืจื•ื’ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืึธืก ืžืึธืœ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืื™ื ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืึธืจื˜) 
ืึทืจืฑืก, ืึทืจืฑืก ื‘ืฒึท ืฆืฒึทื˜ื ืก, 
ื“ื• ืจืขื“ืกื˜ ื•ื™ ืึท ืคืึทืจืฉืฒึทื˜ืข! 
ื“ืึธืก ื’ื•ื˜ืข ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืึธื˜ ืึธืŸ, ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคื•ื ืขื ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ืŸ? 
ืึทืจืฑืก! ืึทืจืฑืก! | 
ื›'ื•ื•ืขืœ ืฉืจื™ื™ืขืŸ, ื’ืฐืึทืœื“ืขืฐืขืŸ, ื›'ื•ื•ืขืœ ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืคื•ื™ืกื˜ืŸ 
ืื™ืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืข ืฉืžืึทืจืฆืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก! | 
ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืง ืžืฒึทื ืขื, ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ 
ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ืฐืขืœ ืื™ืš, ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืงื•ืœ, 
ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ื“ืขืจืฉื™ื˜ืขืจืŸ, 
ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื’ื•ืจืœ ืžืฒึทื ืขื ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ื‘ื™ื˜ืขืจืŸ, 
ืฐืึธืก ืฐื™ืœ ืžื™ืจ ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฉืขื ืงืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฉื•ื™ื ืขืŸ, 
ื›'ื•ื•ืขืœ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืงื•ืœ! 
ืื•ืŸ ื–ืึธืœ 
ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ืึทื ืฆืข ืฉื˜ื•ื™ื ืขืŸ! 
ืื•ืŸ ื’ืึธื˜ ื–ืึธืœ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ -- 
ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ... ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืš ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ... 
ื•ื•ื™ื™... ืงืึธืคึผ ืึธืŸ ืฐืึทื ื˜ ืฐืขืœ ืื™ืš ื–ื™ืš ืฉืœืึธื’ืŸ, 
ื›'ื•ื•ืขืœ ืงืœืึธื’ืŸ, ืงืœืึธื’ืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืขื ื”ืŸ ืฐืขืœ ืื™ืš, ื˜ืขื ื”ืŸ 
ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืขื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืžืฒึทื™ื ืข 
ื“ื™ ืื•ืžื–ื™ืกื˜ืข, 
ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืขื ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืกื˜ืŸ, 
ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืžืฒึทื™ื ืขื ื“ืขื ืคืึทืจืฉืคึผื™ืœื˜ืŸ -- 
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ืฉื‚ื˜ืŸ; 


ืื™ื•ื‘: 


ืฉื‚ื˜ืŸ; 


ืื™ื•ื‘: 
ืฉื‚ื˜ืŸ; 


ื›'ื•ื•ืขืœ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ื ื ื™ื˜ ืฉื™ืœื˜ืŸ! (ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืจืขื’ื•ื ื’) 
ืึทืจืฑืก ืึทืจืฑืก! ืึทืจืฑืก! (ื™ืึธื’ื˜ ืื™ื ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืฒึทืœื˜ืข ืคื•ื™ืกื˜ืŸ ืึทืจื•ื 
ื˜ื™ืฉ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืžืึธืœ, ืงื•ืžื˜ ืคืึทืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืขื ืงืขืœืข, ืคืึทืœื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ื ืึธื ืžืขื›ื˜ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ื˜ ื–ื™ืฆืŸ) 
(ื‘ืึทืคึผืึทืœื˜ ืื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื˜ืŸ, ืจืฒึทื˜ ืื™ื ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืงืึทืจืง, ื“ืจื™ืงื˜ ืื™ื ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฆืขืจ ืžืึทืกืข ืึทืจืึธืคึผ) 
ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืข, ื ื™ื˜ ื”ืขืจ, ื ืึธืจ ืฉืคึผื™ืจ... 
ืึท ื’ืขืฉื•ื•ื™ืจ ืžื™ืจ... ืึท ื’ืขืฉื•ื•ื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ื’ืขืฉื•ื™ืจ! 
ื“ื• ืœืึธื–ื˜ ืžื™ืš ื ื™ื˜, ืžื™ืš ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฉืฐืึทืจืฆืŸ, 
ื“ื• ืœืึธื–ื˜ ืžื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ืจ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฆืŸ, 
ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜ ื“ื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืงืึทืจืง... 
ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืฉื˜ืึทืจืง! 
ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืื•ืžื‘ืึทืจื•ืคืŸ ืฉื˜ืึทืจืง! 
(ืงืจืขื›ืฆื˜) 
ืึธ, ืฉืฐื•ืขืจ! 
ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืข, ื ื™ื˜ ื”ืขืจ-- 
ื ืึธืจ ืคื™ืœ! 
ื“ื• ื˜ื•ืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ืœ, 
ื”ืึธืกื˜ ืืฒึทื ื’ืขืขืงืฉื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš -- ืึทืŸ ืื™ื™ื–ืœ! 
ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขืคึผืจื•ึผื•ื•ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื’ื•ื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ืš ืคืึทืจืคืขื˜ืกืŸ, 
ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš, ื“ื™ืš ืืฑืกืžืึธื’ืขืจืŸ ื’ืขืคึผืจื•ึผื•ื•ื˜, ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ื™ื™ื–ืŸ, 
ื“ื™ืš ื”ืขืฆืŸ, ื”ืขืฆืŸ, 
ืก'ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜. ื’ืขืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื“ืึธืก ืขืจืฉื˜ืข, ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืœืขืฆื˜ืข, 
ืก'ืื™ื– ืžื™ืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืจืึธื˜ืŸ! 
ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืื•ืžื–ื™ืกื˜ ื“ื™ ืคึผืฒึทืœ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ืจ ื’ืขืฆื™ืœื˜, 
ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ืจ ื’ืขืฐืึธื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ืš, ื’ืขืฐืึธื˜ืŸ - 
ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ ืคืึทืจืฉืคึผื™ืœื˜! 
ืึธ ืฉืฐื•ืขืจ! 
ื–ืึธืœ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืขืจ ื“ื™ืจ ื ืึธืš ื–ื™ื™ืŸ (ื“ืจื™ืงื˜ ืื™ื) 
ืื•ืŸ ืžืขืจืขืจ, ืžืขืจ 
ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืคึผืฒึทืŸ -- 
ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืคืึทืจืฉืคึผื™ืœื˜! 
ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื‘ืึทืคึผืฑืœืŸ: ืฉื™ืœื˜! 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ื•, ื“ื• ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืกื˜... 
ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ: ื–ื™ื“ืœ! 

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ืื•ืŸ ื“ื•-- ื“ืึธืก ืึทืœื˜ืข ืœื™ื“ืœ 

ืฐืึธืก ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ืœื™ื‘: 

ืคืึทืจื’ื™ื‘! 

ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ื˜ 

ื•ื•ืขืกื˜ ืœืขืกื˜ืขืจืŸ, ืฐื•ืขืกื˜ ืฉืคึผืึธื˜ืŸ-- 

ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืงืœืœื” ืื•ืŸ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืคึผืึธื˜-- 
ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืขื˜! 

ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขืฐืึธื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ืš, ื’ืขืฐืึธื˜ืŸ, 

ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ ืคืึทืจืฉืคึผื™ืœื˜ ื“ืขื ืฐืขื˜! 


ืื™ื•ื‘: ืึธ ื’ืึธื˜! 

ืฉึนื‚ื˜ืŸ: (ืฉืคึผืจื™ื ื’ื˜ ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขื‘ืจืึทื›ื˜ ื‘ื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ืื•ื™ืกืขืจืกื˜ืข, ืึทืจืึธืคึผ) 
ืื™ืš ืฐื•ืขืœ ื“ืขื ืฉืคึผืึธื˜, 
ื“ื™ ืฉืžืึทืš 


ื ื™ื˜ ืžืขืจืขืจ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ! 
ื ื™ื˜ ืžืฒึทื ืขืจ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืจ.- 
(ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื‘ืึทื•ื•ืขื’ื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ืš) 
ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื–ื™ื’! 
ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ื•ื‘, ื“ื™ืš ืื•ืžื–ื™ืกื˜ ื’ืขืฉืœืึธื’ืŸ... 
ื“ืึธืก ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ื“ื™ ืคืœื™ื’, (ืฆื•ื ื”ื™ืžืœ) 
ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ... ืื•ื™ืš ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืฉืฐืึทืš-- 
ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืžื–ื™ืกื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธื˜ืŸ - 
ืื™ื•ื‘! ื ื™ื˜ ืœืึทืš, ื ื™ื˜ ืœืึทืš, 
ื“ื•-- ื“ื•! ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืื™ ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื‚ื˜ืŸ! 
(ื‘ืึทืคึผืึทืœื˜ ืื™ื ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืงืึทืจืง) | 
ืื™ื•ื‘: ืึธ ืฉืฐืขืจ! 
ืฉื‚ื˜ืŸ: ื•ืฉืคึผืจื™ื ื’ื˜ ืึธืคึผ, ืคืจื™ื™ืœืขืš) 
ื”ืขืจ! ื”ืขืจ! ืžืขืŸ ื’ื™ื™ื˜! 
ื“ืขืจืคืจื™ื™ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื•ื‘! ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืขืจืคืจื™ื™ื˜-- 


ืžืขืŸ ื’ื™ื™ื˜... 

ืžืข ืงื•ืžื˜! 
ืื™ื•ื‘: ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ื•ื! 

ื›'ืฐื•ื™ืœ ืงื™ื™ื ืขื ื“ืึธ ื ื™ื˜ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜! 
ืฉื‚ื˜ืŸ: ืคืจืฒึทื ื“! ืึทืœื˜ืข ืคืจืฒื™ื ื“! 


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ืื™ื•ื‘; 
ืฉื‚ื˜ืŸ: 
ืื™ื•ื‘; 


ืฉื‚ื˜ืŸ: 


ืื™ื•ื‘; 


ืฉื‚ื˜ืŸ: 


ืื™ื•ื‘; 


ืฉื‚ื˜ืŸ: 


ื’ื•ื˜ืข, ืคืจื•ืžืข, 

ื–ื™ื™ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ! (ืงื•ืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืจืฒึท ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจ) 

ื–ื™ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึธืŸ, ื–ื™ ื“ืจืฒึทืขืŸ, ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืจืฒึท ื•ืขื’ืŸ-- 

ืึทืš ืชึผืžื ืข, ืชึผืžื ืข! 

ืื™ืš ื”ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื˜ืจื™ื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข, ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ืžืขืŸ-- 

ืึทืš, ืึทืš, ื–ื™ ืฐื•ืขืœืŸ ืคืึธืจืฉืŸ ืžื™ืš, ื–ื™ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืคืจืขื’ืŸ, 
ื‘ืึทืฐืฒื ืขืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืš ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฉื˜ืจืึธืฃ, ื‘ืึทืงืขื ืขืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืœ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฉื•ืœื“, 


ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื›ึผื•ื– ื ื™ื˜, ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื“ื•ืœื“ 


ืฆื• ื“ืขื -- 
ื›'ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงืœืขื! 

ืคืึทืจื ืขื: 

ืขืก ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ืจ ืคืจื™ื™ื ื“! 

ืฐืึธืก ื‘ืึทื˜ืจืขืคืŸ ืคืจืฒื™ื ื“ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ 


- ืคืึทืจืœืึธื–ืŸ ืžื™ืš ืžืฒื™ืŸ ื’ืึธื˜ 


ืื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืข ืึทืœืข! 

ื–ื™ ืฐื•ืขืœืŸ ื–ืขืŸ ืžื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืคืึทืœืŸ, 

ืื™ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืคืึทืจื“ืจืึธืก... 
ืœืึธื– 

ืึทื–ืขืœื›ืข ืคืจืฒื™ื ื“, ืฐืึธืก ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜-- 

ื–ื™ ื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ ื“ื™ืจ ืึท ื˜ืจื™ื™ืกื˜... 

ืฆื• ืฐืึธืก? 

ื–ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ 

ืื™ืŸ ืžืฒึทื™ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ืขืœื ื˜, 

ืื™ืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืข ืฉืžืึทืจืฆืŸ 

ื–ืขืŸ ืžื™ืš... ืึทืจืฒึทื ืงื•ืงืŸ ืฆื• ืžื™ืจ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฆืŸ 
ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉืžืึทื›ื˜ืŸ, 

ื–ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืงืจืขื›ืฆืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืžื™ืจ ืื•ืŸ ืงืจืขื›ืฆื ื“ื™ืง ืคึผืึทืจืึทื›ื˜ืŸ, 
ื–ื™ ื•ืขืœืŸ ืžื™ืš ื‘ืึทื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืŸ, 

ืžืฒึทืŸ ื–ืขืœ, 

ืžืฒึทื™ืŸ ืคืขืœ, 

ืžืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื™ื˜ืขืจื“ื™ืงืŸ ื’ื•ืฃ - 

(ื•ื•ื™ ืคืึทืจ ื–ื™ืš) 

ื“ืขืจ ืœืขืฆื˜ืขืจ ืคึผืจื•ึผื•ื•! (ื”ื•ื™ืš) 


538 


ืื™ื•ื‘: 
ืฉื‚ื˜ืŸ: 


ืื™ื•ื‘: 


ืฉื‚ื˜ืŸ: 


ืื™ื•ื‘: 
ืฉื‚ื˜ืŸ; 


ืื™ื•ื‘: 


ืฉื‚ื˜ืŸ: 


ืื™ื•ื‘: 
ืฉื‚ื˜ืŸ: 


ืื™ื•ื‘; 


ืฉื‚ื˜ืŸ; 


ืึธื˜ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™, ื–ื™ื™ ื“ืจืฒึทืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืจืฒึท ื–ืฒึทื˜ืŸ - 

ืฆื• ื“ื™ืจ! ืฆื• ื“ื™ืจ! 

ื‘ืึทืœื“, ื‘ืึทืœื“, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืฐืขื˜ ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื“ืึธ ืคื™ืจ, 

ื•ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืึทืžืึธืœื™ืงืข, ืื™ืŸ ื’ื•ื˜ืข ืฆืฒึทื˜ืŸ. 

ื–ื™ ืงืœืึทืคึผืŸ ืึทืœืข ืึธืŸ ื‘ืึทืœื“ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื˜ื™ืจ... 

ืก'ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืœื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ. 

ืื™ืš ื–ืข ื–ื™ื™ ืึธื ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึทื”ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืŸ. 

ื‘ืึทืœื“ ืฐืขื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืขืก ืžื™ื˜ ืคื™ื ื’ืขืจ ืคืœื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืข 

ืื•ื™ืฃ ืžื™ืจ ื˜ืฒึทื˜ืŸ... 

(ืคืึทืจ ื–ื™ืš) 

ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ื”ืขืœื“!... (ื”ื•ื™ืš) 

ืึธื˜ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™, ื–ื™ื™ ื“ืจืฒึทืขืŸ, ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืจืฒึท ืขืงืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜. 
ื‘ืึทื–ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ... 

ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜, ื“ืขืจ ืจื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ, 

ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜, 

ื“ืฒึทื ืข ืคืจื™ื™ื ื“, ื“ื™ ื“ืจืฒึท -- ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืคืขืจื˜ืขืจ. 
ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ. 

ืก'ืื™ื– ื’ื•ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ืžืึธืœ ืžื™ืจ, ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ืื™ื– ืžื™ืจ ืฉืœืขื›ื˜. 
ืก'ื•ื•ืฆื˜ ื’ื•ื˜ ื“ื™ืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื ืึธืš ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ, ื“ื• ื•ื•ืขืกื˜ ื–ืขืŸ! 

ื“ืจืฒึท ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ืฒึทื ืข ืคืจืฒึทื ื“, ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืคืขืจื˜ืขืจ! 

ื–ื™ื™ ืฐืขืœืŸ ื˜ืจื™ื™ืกื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ืš, ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ืจ ื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜-- 

ืฐื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ! 

ืึธื˜ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™... ื’ืœื™ืงืœืขื›ืข ื“ืจืฒึท ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ, 
ื‘ืึทืฉืึธื ืงืขื ืข, ื’ืขื‘ืขื ื˜ืฉื˜ืข... 

ืึธื˜ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™, ื–ื™ื™ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ-- 

ื’ืœืฑื‘ื™ืงืข ืื•ื– ืคึผืจึธื•ืžืข... 

ื“ืขืจืฆื• ื ืึธืš ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืฉื˜ื•ืžืขืŸ! ืคึฟืึทืจืฆืฐืฒืคึฟืœื˜) 

ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืึธืŸ ื“ืจืฒึท ืขืจื˜ืขืจ! 

ื’ืขืจืŸ, 

ื–ืึธืœ ืคืจื™ื™ืœืขื›ืขืจ ื“ืึธ ื•ืฐื•ืขืจืŸ! (ืขืจ ื’ื™ื˜ ืึท ืฐืึธืจืฃ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ืš, ืจืขื›ื˜ืก -- ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ 
ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืฆื•ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืคืŸ ืึท ื‘ืขื ืงืœ, ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืื™ื ืœื™ื ืงืก, ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜, ื›ืึทืคึผื˜ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืœื•ืคื˜ืŸ ืึท ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ 
ื‘ืขื ืงืœ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืื™ื ืจืขื›ื˜ืก, ื›ืึทืคึผื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืึท ื“ืจื™ื˜ืŸ ื‘ืขื ืงืœ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ, ืœื™ื ืงืก ืฆื•, ืงื•ืงื˜ ืฆื•ื 


ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจ ืจืขื›ื˜ืก). 


39 


ืึธื˜ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืึธืŸ ืขืจ, 

ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ, ื“ืขืจ ืชึผื™ืžื ืขืจ, 

ืืœื™ืคื–! 

ืจ'ืื™ื– ื“ื™ืง ื ืึธืš, ื“ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืš, 

ืื•ืŸ ื˜ื™ืคืขืจ ื•ื™ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ื•ื™ืš -- 

ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื™ื“ืขืœืขืจ ื‘ืึทื’ืจื™ืฃ ืื™ื–, 

ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืฐืึธืจื˜, ื“ืึธืก ืฐืึธืจื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืก - ื˜ื™ืฃ ืื™ื–! 

ืืœื™ืคื–! 

(ืขืจ ืงื•ืงื˜ ืฆื•ื ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจ ืœื™ื ืงืก) 

ืึธื˜ ืงื•ืžื˜ ื‘ืœื“ื“, 

ื“ืขืจ ืฉื•ื—ืขืจ-- 

ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืง ื ืึธืจ ื”ื•ื™ืš ื’ืขื‘ื™ืœื“ืขื˜, 

ืึท ื–ื•ื›ืขืจ 

ืื•ืŸ ืึท ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืจ! 

ืึท ื”ืึธืŸ - ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื‘ืึทื’ื™ื ืขืŸ, 

ืžืึทื›ื˜ ืึท ื’ืขืคึผื™ืœื“ืขืจ, 

ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื ืขืจ... 

ื‘ืœื“ื“! 

(ื“ืขืจื–ืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจ ืœื™ื ืงืก) 

ืื•ืŸ ืึธื˜ ืื™ื– ืฆื•ืคืจ! 

ื“ืขืจ ื ืขืžืชื™, ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืขืžื”, 

ืฆื•ืคืจ! 

ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืื™ื ื“ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืขืžื”? 

ืึท ืœืึทื ื“? ืึท ืฐืฒึทื‘? ืึท ืžืึทืžืข? 

ืฆื™ ืึทืœืข ื–ื™ื™ ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ? 

ื ืขืžื”! 

ื“ืขืจ ืžืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืขืžื”-- 

ืฆื•ืคืจ! 

(ืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืจื•ื ื˜, ืฉืคึผืจืฒื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜) 

ืื™ืจ ืึทืœืข, ืื™ืจ ื–ืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ื ืึธืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ-- 

ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ! 
ืืœื™ืคื– ืคื•ืŸ ืชึผื™ืžืŸ (ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืืฒื ืฆืฒึทื˜ื™ืง, ื™ืขื“ืขืจืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื˜ื™ืจ, ื–ื™ ืงืจืฒึทืฆืŸ ื–ื™ืš, ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืฆื™ืžืขืจ, ื’ื™ื™ืขืŸ ืึธืคึผ 
ื‘ืœื“ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื— {ื™ืขื“ืขืจืขืจ ืฆื• ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขื–ืขืก, ื–ื™ ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, ืงื•ืงืŸ ืึธืŸ ืœืึทื ื’ ืื™ื•ื‘ืŸ, ืฉืึธืงืœืขืŸ ื‘ืฒึทืœืฒึทื“ื™ืง ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ, ื•ื•ื™ื ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš 


ืฆื•ืคืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืขืžื” ) ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ ื“ื•ืจืš ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข, ืžื™ื˜ ืคื™ื ื’ืขืจ ืฆื•ื ืžื•ื™ืœ) 
240 


ืฉื‚ื˜ืŸ: 


(ื’ื™ื˜ ืึท ืฉืคึผืจื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืฆื™ืžืขืจ, ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื•ื‘ืŸ) 

ืœืžืึทื™ ื–ืึธืœ ืื™ืš ืืฒึทื™ืš ืœื™ื’ืŸ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ, ื“ืึธ, ืœืžืึทื™? 
ืืฒึทืš ืึทืœืข ื“ืจื™ื™? 

ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ื•ื™ืœืข, ื•ื•ื•ื™ืœืข ื™ืึทื˜ืŸ-- 

ื•ื™ ืื™ืจ ื”ืขืจื˜ ืžื™ืš ื ื™ื˜, 

ืื•ืŸ ืฐื™ ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื˜ ืžื™ืš ื ื™ื˜- 

ืึทื–ืฑ ื–ืึธืœ ืืฒึทืš ื ื™ื˜ ืฉืึทื˜ืŸ... 

(ืฐืฒึทื–ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ื•ื‘ืŸ) 

ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื, ื“ืึธืก ืžืฒึทื ื™ืงืข 

ื›ึผืžืขื˜ ืคืึทืจืขื ื“ื™ืงื˜, ื™ืขืฆื˜ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืืฒึทืขืจ ืจื™ื™: 
ืื™ืจ ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืื™ื ืึธืŸ ื™ืขืฆื˜ ืคึผืฒึทื ื™ืงืŸ 

ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื ื™ื™... 

ื•ื™ ืื™ืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืžื™ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืงื˜... 
ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืฐืึธืจื˜! 

ืื™ืจ ืฐืขื˜ ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ ื ืึธืš ื‘ืฒึท ืื™ื ืึท ืคืจืฒึทืขืŸ ืึธืจื˜ ืคืึทืจ ืึท ืคืจื™ืฉ ื’ืขื‘ืึทืงืขื ืขื 
ื’ืขืฉื•ื•ื™ืจ... 

ื–ืึธืœ ืืฒึทืš ื”ืขืœืคืŸ ื’ืึธื˜, 

ืืฒึทืš ื‘ืจืึทืฐืข ืœืฒึทื˜, 

ื•ื™ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ 

ื’ืขื”ืึธืœืคืŸ ืžื™ืจ! 

ืื™ืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื˜ืึทืงืข ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜, 
ืื™ืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืฆืฒึทื˜, 
ืื™ืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื’ืœืฒึทืš 

ืžื™ืจ ืึท ื“ืึทื ืง... 

ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื˜ ืžื™ืš ื ื™ื˜, 

ืื™ืจ ื”ืขืจื˜ ืžื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ -- 

ืฐืฒึทืœ ืื™ืš ื–ื™ืฅ ืื™ืŸ ืืฒึทืš... 

ื™ืึธ, ื™ืึธ, 

ืื™ืŸ ืืฒึทืš! 

ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขืคื™ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืืฒึทืขืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื“ืึทื ืง, 
ืื™ืš ื’ื™ ืึทืฐืขืง ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืœืฒึทื™ื‘ ืืฒื™ื ืฆืฒึทื˜ื™ืง ื“ืึธ- 
(ื•ื•ื™ ืขืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืึท ืฉืžื™ืฅ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื‘ืฒึทื˜ืฉ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืœื•ืคื˜ืŸ) 


ืฐื™ืึธ! (ืขืจ ืœืฑืคื˜ ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ืš) 


211 


| ืึท ื™ื•ื ื’ืข 


ืฉื™ื™ื ืข ืคืจื•ื™; 


ืื™ื•ื‘; 
ื“ื™ ืคืจืฑื™: 
ืื™ื•ื‘; 
ื“ื™ ืคืจืฑื™: 


ืื™ื•ื‘; 

ื“ื™ ืคืจื•ื™: 
ืื™ื•ื‘: / 
ืืœื™ืคื– 
ื‘ืœื“ื“ 
ืฆื•ึนืคืจ 
ืื™ื•ื‘: 


(ืงื•ืžื˜ ืžืึธืžืขื ื˜ืึทืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืงื™ืš). 

ืื™ื•ื‘! 

(ื•ื•ื™ืœ ื–ื™ืš ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื ืงืœ) 

ื“ื• ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืกื˜ ืึท ื‘ื™ืกืœ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ืคืจื™ ืื•ื™ืฃ. 
ื•ื•ืขืจ ื‘ื™ืกื˜ื• ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื–ืึธื’ืกื˜ื• ืึธืŸ ืžื™ืจ? 
ืื™ื•ื‘, ื“ืขืจืงืึธืŸ ืžื™ืš, 

ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืฉื›ื ื”-- 

ืื™ืš ืงื•ื ื“ื™ืจ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ: 

ื ืึธืš ืื™ื™ื ืข 

ืื™ื– ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืฐืฒื™ื ืขืŸ 

ืื•ืŸ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืงืœืึธื’ืŸ, 

ื ืึธืš ืึท ืงืจื‘ืŸ! 

ืขืก ืื™ื– ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืฐืฒึทื‘ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ื ื•ื˜ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึธืจื‘ืŸ. 
ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฐืฒึทื‘? 

(ืคืึทืจืฉืฐืฑื™ื ื“ื˜ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ืš) 


(ื•ื•ื™ืœ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืคื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื ืงืœ) 
ื‘ืœืฒื™ื‘ ื–ื™ืฆืŸ, ื‘ืœืฒื™ื‘... 


(ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ื˜ ื–ื™ืฆืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื, ื˜ื™ืฃ ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืฆืจื•ืช) 


ื“ื™ ื“ืจืฒึท ืคืจื™ื™ื ื“ -- (ื–ืขืฆืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืืฒื™ื ืฆืฒึทื˜ื™ืง, ืฉื˜ื™ืœ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ืขืจื˜ืขืจ, ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืึทืจืึธืคึผ ื“ื™ ืงืขืคึผ). 


ืคึผืขืจื–ืึธื ืขืŸ 


ืื™ื•ื‘ 
ืืœื™ืคื– 
ื‘ืœื“ื“ 


ืคึฟืึธืจื”ืึทื ื’ ืคึฟืึทืœื˜ ืœืึทื ื’ื–ืึทื, 


ื“ืจื™ื˜ืขืจ ืึทืงื˜ 


242 


ืฆื•ืคืจ 
ื“ื™ ืฉื›ื ื” 


ืืœื™ืคื–; 
ื‘ืœื“ื“: 
ืฆื•ืคืจ; 
ืืœื™ืคึฟื–; 
ื‘ืœื“ื“: 
ืฆื•ืคืจ; 
ืืœื™ืคื–; 
ื‘ืœื“ื“; 


ืฆื•ืคืจ: 
ืืœื™ืคื–; 


ื‘ืœื“ื“: 


ืฆื•ืคืจ: 


ืืœื™ืคื–; 


ื‘ืœื“ื“: 


(ืึทึทืœืขื ื’ืขืจืข ืคึผื•ื™ื–ืข) 


ื’ืขื ื•ื’! 

ื’ืขื ื•ื’ ื’ืขืงืœืึธื’ื˜! 

ืงื•ืง: 

ื–ื™ื‘ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธื’ื˜, 

ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื‘ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืึทื›ื˜ ืึทืจืึธืคึผื’ืขื ื™ื“ืขืจื˜ ืฉืฐืึทืจืฅ. 
ื™ืึธ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก, ืึธ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื–ืŸ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืฉืžืึทืจืฅ... 
ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืฆื•ื’ืขืฉืžื™ื“ื˜ ืฆื•ื ืึธืจื˜. 

ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืึทืจืฑืกื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฐืึธืจื˜. 

ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืžืึทืจืฅ! 

ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ื“ืฒึทื™ืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฅ.- 

ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ื ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ... 

ื‘ืึทืฉืฒึทื ืคึผืขืจืœืขืš ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ! 


ื ืึธืจ ืก'ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืขืŸ! 


ื’ืขื ื•ื’, 
ื’ืขื ื•ื’ ื’ืขืฉื•ื•ื™ื’ืŸ! 
ืฉืฐื•ืฒื™ื’ืŸ ืงืขืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื ืึทืจื™ืฉ, ืงืขืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืงืœื•ื’ - 
ืก'ืื™ื– ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืืžืช ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืœื™ื’ืŸ! 
ืึธ ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ ื ื™ื˜, ืื™ื•ื‘, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืฒึทื ืข ืœืฒึทื“ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื, 
ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืคืจื•ื. 
ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื’ืขื ื•ื’ ื’ืขืฉื•ื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืœื™ื™ื“-- 
ืจื™ื™ื“! 
ื–ืึธื’ ืึทืจืฑืก ื–ื™ืš, ื–ืึธื’! 
ื ื™ื˜ ื˜ืจืึธื’ 
ืึทืœืฅ ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฆืŸ -- 
ื•ื•ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืฐืึธืก ื“ื• ื‘ืึทื”ืึทืœื˜ืกื˜ ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืฉืžืึทืจืฆืŸ? 
ื•ื•ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก? ื•ื•ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก? 
ืึท ื”ืึทืจืฅ ืื™ื– ื”ื™ื™ืก! 
ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ื”ืึทืจืฅ ืื™ื– ื”ื™ื™ืก 

243 


ืฆื•ืคืจ; 


ืืœื™ืคื–; - 


ืื™ื•ื‘: 


ื’) 


ื“) 


ื”) 


ืงืขืŸ ืขืก ื ืึธืš, ื—ืœื™ืœื” ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจื“ืจืึธืก 
ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจื›ืึทืคึผืŸ ืฐืฒึทื˜ ื“ื™ ืžืึธืก... 

ืงืขื ืกื˜ ื—ืก-ื•ืฉืœื•ื, 

ื ืึธืš ืคืึทืจืงืจื™ื›ืŸ ื”ืขื˜... 

ืจืขื“ ืื™ื•ื‘, ืจืขื“ (ืคืึทืจืงืึทืฉืขืจื˜ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืฆื•ื ื”ื™ืžืœ) 
ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืงื•ืœ ืื™ื, 

ื–ืึธื’ ื–ื™ืš ืึทืจืฑืก 

ืื™ืŸ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืฐืฒื™ื˜ืึธื’ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก, 

ืื™ืŸ ื“ืฒึทื ืข ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ืœื™ึทื™ื“ืŸ-- 

ืกืฒื™ื“ืŸ, 


ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขื›ืึทืคึผื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื–ืŸ ื—ืœื•ื, 


ืื•ืŸ ืžืึทื›ืกื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื, ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื’ื•ืจืœ ื“ืฒึทื ืขื ืฉืœื•ื? 
(ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื‘ืขื ืงืœ, ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืจืขื›ื˜ืขืจ ื”ืึทื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื•ื–ืขื, ืคืึทืจืฐืึทืจืคึผื ื“ื™ืง ืึธืคึผื˜ ื“ืขื ืงืึธืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ืคืœื•ื ื’ ืื•ื™ืฃ 


ืึทื”ื™ื ื˜ืŸ ืจื•ืคื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ืคึผืฒืŸ) 
(ืคึผ'-- ื’.) 


ื–ืึธืœ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’ ืคืึทืจืœื•ื™ืจืŸ 

ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ื›'ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ืจืŸ, 

ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืึทื›ื˜ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืึทืคืฑืœืŸ ื“ืึทืŸ: 
ื•ื•ืขืจ ืฉืฐืึทื ื’ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืžืึทืŸ! 


ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’, ื“ืขืจ ื™ืขื ื™ืงืขืจ ื–ืึธืœ ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ, 
ื–ืึธืœ ื’ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืžืึธื ืขืŸ ืื™ื, 

ื ื™ื˜ ืงืึธื ืขืŸ ืื™ื, 

ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืœืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ื ื“ื™ ืฉืฒึทืŸ. 


ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจื ื™ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ื ืึทื›ื˜ืฉืึธื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฉืจืขืงืŸ -- 

ื–ืึธืœืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื–ื™ื™, ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื“ื™ ื“ืขืจืœื™ื™ื–ืขืจ; 

ืขืก ื–ืึธืœ ืึท ืฐืึธืœืงืŸ ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื ืคืึทืจื“ืขืงืŸ, 

ืื•ืŸ ืึธื ืฐืึทืจืคืŸ ืึท ืคึผื—ื“ ื•ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืฆืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื˜ืึธื’ ืึท ื‘ื™ื™ื–ืŸ. 


544 


( 


6 


ื—) 


ืก) 


(' 


ื™ื) 


ื™ื‘) 


ื™ืขื ืข ื ืึทื›ื˜-- ืฆื• ืึทืœื“ืข ืฉืฐืึทืจืฆืข ื™ืึธืจ ืื™ืจ! 
ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื”ืขืจืŸ, | 

ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื•ื’ืขืจืขื›ื ื˜ ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ 

ืฆื• ื˜ืขื’ ืฆื• ืงืœืึธืจืข, 

ืฆื• ื˜ืขื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื’ืึทื ืฅ ื™ืึธืจ... ืึธ, ื™ืขื ืข ื ืึทื›ื˜ 
ืฐืึธืก ื ื™ื˜ืึธ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ, | 

ื ื™ื˜ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜, 

ืึดื™ืŸ ืฆืึธืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื—ื“ืฉื™ื. 


ืคืึทืจืื™ื™ื ื–ืึทืžื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ื™ืขื ืข ื ืึทื›ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทื ื’, 
ื–ืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ืึทืจืฒึทื ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื’ืขื–ืึทื ื’. - 


ื–ืึธืœืŸ ืฉื™ืœื˜ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื“ื™ ื˜ืึธื’-ืคืึทืจืฉื™ืœื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืœ ืžื™ื˜ ืฉืจืขืงืŸ, 
ื“ื™ ืฐืึธืก ื“ืึทืจืคืŸ ื“ืขื ืœื•ื™ืชืŸ ื•ื•ืขืงืŸ. 


ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจ ื–ืึธืœืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ 


ืื™ืจืข ืึธืฐื ื˜-ืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ, 

ืื•ืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ ืื•ื™ืกืงื•ืงืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืฒึทืŸ- 
ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ ื–ืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ! 

ื–ื™ ื–ืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืขืŸ ืฐื™ ื’ืขืขืคื ื˜ ืก'ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ 
ื“ื™ ืฐื™ืžืคึผืขืจ ืคื•ื ืขื ืžืึธืจื’ืŸ-ืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ. 


ืฐืฒึทืœ ื–ื™ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ืจืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจืžืึทื›ื˜ 
ืคื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืžื•ื˜ืขืจืก ื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜, 

ื–ื™ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื“ืขืจืžื™ื˜ ืคื™ืœ ื–ืึธืจื’ืŸ 

ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืคืึทืจื‘ืึธืจื’ืŸ... 


ืคืึทืจ ืฐืึธืก ื–ืึธืœ ืื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืœืฒึทืš ืคื•ืŸ ืžื•ื˜ืขืจืœืฒึทื‘ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึธืจื‘ืŸ? 
ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึทืžืขื ื‘ื•ื™ืš ืึทืจืฑืก-- ืื•ืŸ ื’ืœืฒึทืš ืึท ืงืจื‘ืŸ... 


ืฆื• ืฐืึธืก, ืึธ, ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืงื ื™ึดืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ื’ืŸ? 
ืื•ืŸ ืฆื• ืฐืึธืก ื“ื™ ื‘ืจื•ืกื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื“ืึทืŸ ื’ืขื–ื•ื™ื’ืŸ? 


245 


ื™ื’) 


ื™ื“) 


ื˜ื•) 


ื˜ื–) 


ื™ื–) 


ื™ื—) 


ื™ื˜) 


ื›) 


ื›ื) 


ื›ื‘) 


ื›'ืฐื•ืึธืœื˜ ื™ืขืฆื˜ ื’ืขืœืขื’ืŸ ืจื•ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทืจื•ื˜, 
ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื’ื•ื˜. 


ืžื™ื˜ ืžืœื›ื™ื ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜-ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืื™ืš ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ, 
ืฐืึธืก ื‘ื•ื™ืขืŸ, ื‘ื•ื™ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืก ืคืึทืจ ื–ื™ืš ืจื•ื™ื ืขืŸ. 


ืฆื™ ื’ืึธืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื”ืึทืจืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืึธืœื“ ื‘ืึทื–ืขืกืŸ, 
ืฐืึธืก ืคื™ืœืŸ ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืœื‘ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™'ืจืข ืฉืœืขืกืขืจ, . 


ืฆื™ ื’ืึธืจ ืฐื•'ืึทืŸ ืขื•ืคืขืœืข ื‘ืึทื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ, 
ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืืฑื™ืกื’ืขื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ, 
ืื™ืš ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืฐื•ื™ ืงืœืฒื™ื ืฐื•ืึทืจื’ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ืฐืึธืก ื–ืขืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืฉืฒื™ืŸ! 


ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืขืจื’ืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ื™ื ื“ืขืจ, 
ื“ื™ ืžื™ื“ืข ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืึทื˜ืข ืจื•ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื ื“ืขืจ, 


ื–ื™ ืœื™ื’ืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื‘ืึทืจื•ื˜, ืคืึทืจืฉืœืึธืกืŸ ืึธืŸ ืฆื•ืจื™ืงืงืขืจ.... 
ืื•ืŸ ื”ืขืจืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืงื•ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทื“ืจื™ืงืขืจ. 


ืื™ ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ, ืื™ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก-- ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ืจืขื›ื˜! 
ืื•ืŸ ืคืจืฒึทื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืœ-ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขื ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืงื ืขื›ื˜. 


ืฐืึธืก ื“ืึทืจืฃ ืขืจ ืœื™ื›ื˜ ื“ืขื ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืงืœืขื›ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืŸ? 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื˜ืขืจื˜ืข -- ืฐืึธืก ื˜ื•ื’ ื–ื™ื™ ืœืขื‘ืŸ? 


ืึธ, ื“ื™ ืฐืึธืก ืงื•ืงืŸ ืืฑื™ืก ื“ืขื ื˜ืฑื˜, ื“ืขื ืงืึทืœื˜ืŸ, 
ืฐืึธืก ื–ื•ื›ืŸ ืื•ื ืื™ื, ืฐื™ ืžืขืŸ ื–ื•ื›ื˜ ืึทืŸ ืื•ืฆืจ ื˜ื™ืฃ ื‘ืึทื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ... 


ืึธื˜ ื“ื™, ืฐืึธืก ืคืจื™ื™ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš, 
ื“ื™, ืฐืึธืก ืก'ืคืึทืจื’ืฒื™ืขืŸ ื–ื™ - 
ืคืึทืจ ืคืจื™ื™ื“ ื“ื™ ื–ื™ื ืขืŸ 
ืึท ืงื‘ืจ ืฆื• ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ. 
546 


ื›ื’) 


ื›ื“) 


ื›ื”) 


ื›ื•) 


ืืœื™ืคื–; 


ื‘) 


ื“ืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืื™ืŸ ืคืœื•ื’-- 

ืึธ, ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื ื•ื’, 

ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ ืื™ื– ืื™ื ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ืขืœื˜-- 

ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืึธืš ื’ืึธื˜ ืคืึทืจืฆื•ื™ืžื˜ ืคืึทืจ ืื™ื ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜. 


ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ื ืึธืš ืื™ืš ื˜ืจืึธื’ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืจื•ื™ื˜, ืžืฒึทืŸ ื‘ื™ืกืŸ 

ืฆื•, ืฆื• ืžืฒึทื ืข ืœืขืคืฆืŸ, 

ื”ืขืจืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ื™ ืงืจืขื›ืฆืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืข... ืื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืข ื–ื™ืคืฆืŸ 

ืงื•ืžืขืŸ -- 

ืื•ืŸ ื’ื™ืกืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฆืขื’ื™ืกืŸ 

ื•ื™ ืฐืึทืกืขืจ ื–ื™ืš, ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื™ืขืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืข ืื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืžืขืŸ. 


ื“ืขืจ ืคึผื—ื“ ืคืึทืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขืฆื™ื˜ืขืจื˜ ืฐื™ ืึท ื‘ืœืึทื˜-- 

ืื™ื– ืžื™ืจ ืคืึธืจืฑืกื’ืขืœืึธืคืŸ, 

ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืจืขืง ืคืึทืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืžื•ืจื ืฉื˜ืึทืจืง ื’ืขื”ืึทื˜-- 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ืš ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธืคืŸ... 


ื›'ื‘ื™ืŸ ืจื•ื™ืง ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ืœ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ, 

ื ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืจื• ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜, 

ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืขืŸ! 

ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ, ืึทืš, ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืคืึทืจื“ืจื•ืก... 


(ื›ืึทืคึผื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ืึธืจื˜, ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื) 
ืงื•ืงื˜ ืื™ื ื ืึธืจ ืึธืŸ! 
ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ืึธ ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ื™ืขืฆื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืงืœืึธืจ... 


(ืขืจ ื’ื™ื˜ ืึท ืจื•ืง ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ืœ, ื ืขื ื˜ืขืจ ืฆื• ืื™ื•ื‘ืŸ) 


(ืคึผ'-- ื“'.) 


ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ืจ ื ืึธืจ 
ืžื™ื˜ ืขืคึผืขืก ืฐืึธืก ืึท ืจื™ืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ-- 
ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื“! 


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ื’) 


ื“) 


ื”) 


0 


0 


ื—) 


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ื•ื•ืขืจ ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืืฒึทื ื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ืจ ื’ืึธืจ? 
ืื™ืš ืงืขืŸ ืขืก ื ื™ื˜! 


ื“ื•, ืฐืึธืก ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืจืึธืคื˜ ืึท ืกื›ืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทืจืงื˜ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืฐืึทื›ืข-- 


ื“ืฒึทื ืข ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ื–ื™ืก 
ืฐืึธืก ื“'ื”ืึธืกื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขื ื’ืขืฉื˜ืจื•ื™ื›ืœื˜ืŸ ื’ืขืฉืคึผืจืึธื›ืŸ-- 
ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ื ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืคื™ืก, 

ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทืจืงื˜ ื“ื™ ืงื ื™, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื‘ืจืึธื›ืŸ. 


ืื•ืŸ ื™ืขืฆื˜, ืฐื™ ื ืึธืจ ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขืจื™ืจื˜ ื ืึธืจ ื“ื™ืš-- 
ืึทื–ืฑ ื’ื™ืš 

ื‘ื™ืกื˜ื• ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืžื™ื“ ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึธืงืŸ! 

ื•ื™ ื ืึธืจ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืฆื• ื“ื™ืจ ื“ืขืจื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ ื”ืึธืกื˜ื• ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจืฉืจืึธืงืŸ. 


ื“ื™ ืคืจื•ืžืงื™ื™ื˜ ื“ืฒึทื ืข ื ืึธืจ ื“ืึทืจืฃ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืงืจืึทืคื˜, 
ื“ื™ ื”ืึธืคืขื ื•ื ื’-- ื’ืขื“ืขื ืง 

ื“ืึทืจืฃ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื”ืึทืคื˜, 

ื“ื™ ื’ืึทื ืฆืงืฒื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืข ื“ืฒึทื ืข ื’ืขื ื’... 


ื“ืขืจืžืึธืŸ, ืึธ, ืึทื“ืจื‘ื, ืžื™ืจ, ืฐืฒึทื– ืึธืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื ื˜ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ, 
ืึทืŸ ืื•ืžืฉื•ืœื“ื™ืงืŸ ืžื™ืจ-- ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืื•ืžื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ? 

ื•ื•ื•ึผ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ ื“ื™ ืึธืจื ื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืึธืจืŸ, 

ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ื•ื˜ืก ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ 

ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืขื‘ืจืึทื›ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ? 


ืึทื–ืฑ ื•ื™ ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ื“ื™, ืฐืึธืก ืคืึทืจื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืŸ ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ืก, 
ืฐืึธืก ื–ื™ื™ืขืŸ ืžืึทื˜ืขืจื ื™ืฉ -- ื–ื™ ืฉื ืฒึทื™ื“ืŸ ื–ื™ ืžื™ื˜ ืจืขื›ื˜, 


ื–ื™ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืึธื˜ืก ื’ืฒึทืกื˜ ืคืึทืจืœื•ื™ืจืŸ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ, 
ืคืึทืจืœืขื ื“ื˜ 
248 


ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืึธื˜ืขืžืฆื•ื’ ืึทืœืฒืŸ 
ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืคืึทืจื‘ืจืขื ื˜!... 


ื”ืขืจ, ื”ืขืจ ื“ืึธืก ื‘ืจื•ืžืขืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื ืœื™ื™ื‘, ืฐืึธืก ืฉืึทืœื˜, 

ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจืื“ื™ืงืข ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืึทืงืึทืœ 

ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ื... 

ื–ืข ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ื ื’ืข, ืฐืึธืก ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืงืจื™ืžื˜. 


ืก'ืงื•ืžื˜ ืื•ื ืึท ืœื™ื™ื‘, ืฐืฒึทืœ ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ืจื•ื™ื‘ ืคืึทืจืคืขืœื˜.- 
ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื™ื•ื ื’ื™ื ืงืข ืฆืขืฉื™ื™ื“ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืฃ ื’ืึธืจ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜. 


ืื•ืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื”ื™ื™ื ื“ืขืจื˜ืึทืคึผื˜, 
ืžืฒึทืŸ ืื•ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฐืึธืก ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขื›ืึทืคึผื˜: 


ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื“ืึทื ืงืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืขื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื‘ืฒึท ื ืึทื›ื˜-- 
ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืก ื ื™ื“ืขืจื˜ ืึทื–ืฑ ื–ืึทื›ื˜, 

ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืคืึทืœื˜ 

ืึท ื˜ื™ืคืขืจ ืฉืœืึธืฃ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื™ื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืึทืœื˜- 


ื ืขืžื˜ ืžื™ืš ืึท ืคึผื—ื“ ืึธืŸ, ืึท ืฉืจืขืง ืึท ื‘ื™ื˜ืขืจืข, 
ืžืฒึทื ืข ื‘ื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืึทืœืข ืฆื™ื˜ืขืจืŸ! 


ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืฉื•ื•ืขื‘ื˜ ืึท ื’ืฒึทืกื˜ ืคืึทืจื‘ืฒึท ืžื™ืจ, 
ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื•ื™ ื ืขื’ืœ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื”ืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืœืฒึทื‘ ืžื™ืจ-- 


ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืึทืœื“-- 

ืื™ืš ืงื•ืง ืึธืŸ ืื™ื, 

ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืงืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ 

ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทืœื˜-- 

ืื™ืš ื–ืข ืคืึทืจ ืžื™ืจ ืึท ื‘ื™ืœื“, 

ืื™ืš ื”ืขืจ ืึท ืงื•ืœ ืื•ืŸ ืึท ืฉืฐืฒึทื’ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืœ: 


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ื—) 


ืก'ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืš ืฆื•ื ืœืึทื›ืŸ, 

ืฆื™ ื•ื•ืขืกื˜ื• ื“ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜ืขืจ ืžืึทื›ืŸ 
ื“ืขื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ, ื“ืขื ืฉืœืึทืคืŸ? 

ื‘ืึทื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืื™ื•ื‘, ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทื ืขื: 

ืฆื™ ืงืขืŸ ื“ืขืŸ ืจื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื, 
ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ืžืึทืŸ ื‘ืึทืฉืึทืคืŸ? 


(ืคึผ'-- ื”.) 


ืฉืจื™ื™! ื•ื•ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืงื•ืœ ืคืึทืจื ืขืžืขืŸ? 
ื•ื•ืขืจ ืฐืขื˜ ื“ื™ืš ื”ืขืจืŸ? 

ืื•ืŸ ืฆื• ื•ื•ืขืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืœื™ืงืข, ืฆื• ื•ื•ืขืžืขืŸ 
ื•ื•ืขืกื˜ื• ื–ื™ืš ืงืขืจืŸ? 


ื“ืขืจ ื›ึผืขืก ื“ืฒึทื ืขืจ! 

ื“ืขืจ ื›ึผืขืก ื“ืขืจื”ืจื’ืขื˜ ืื™ื, ื“ืขื ืฉื•ื˜ื”, 

ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื ืื” ื–ืฒึทื ืข 

ื˜ื•ื˜ ืื™ื... 

ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ืึทื–ืึท ืึท ื ืึทืจ, ืคืึทืจืขืงืฉื ื˜ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก, 

ืื•ืŸ ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขืฉืึธืœื˜ืŸ ืื™ื, ืื™ ืื™ื ืื•ืŸ ืื™ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื”ื•ื™ื–, 


ื ื™ื™ืŸ! ื ื™ื™ืŸ! 

ืขืก ืงื•ืžื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื•ื™ื‘ 
ืึทืจืฑืก ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืจื•ื™ื‘ 

ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืฐืึธืก ืก'ืื™ื– ื’ืขืžื™ื™ืŸ... 

ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืขืจื“ ื“ืึธ, ื’ืึธื˜ ื‘ืึทื”ื™ื˜-- 
ืฐืึทืงืกื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืžืจืขื›ื˜ ื ื™ื˜! 


ื“ืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ื ืึธืจ, ืึธืš, ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ืจืŸ ืื™ื– ืฆื• ืžื™ 
ืื•ืŸ ืคึผื™ึทื™ืขืจืคื•ื ืงืขืŸ ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืึธืจ ื”ื•ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืคืœื™... 


ืื™ืš ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ืื™ืš, ืื™ื ื’ืึทื ืฆืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจ ื’ืึธื˜! - 


ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฐืึธืจื˜ ื’ืขื”ืฒื™ืœื™ืงื˜ ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจ ืื™ื, ืคืึทืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืึธื˜. 


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ื™ื‘) 


ื™ื’) 


ื™ื“) 


ื˜ื•) 


ื˜ื–) 


ื˜) 


ื™ื– 


ืึท ื™ื•ื ื’ืข ืคืจื•ื™; 


ืืœื™ืคื– 
ื‘ืœื“ื“ 
ืฆื•ืคืจ 

ื“ื™ ืคืจืฑื™: 
ืื™ื•ื‘: 


ื“ื™ ืคืจื•ื™: 
ืื™ื•ื‘: 
ื“ื™ ืคืจืฑื™: 


ืื™ื•ื‘: 


ืืœื™ืคื–; 


ื ื™ื˜ ืืฑื™ืกืฆื•ืคืึธืจืฉืŸ ื–ื™ื™, ื“ื™ ืžืขืฉื‚ื™ื ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืžืึธืœ, 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฐื•ึผื ื“ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฆืึธืœ... 


ืึธ, ื•ื•ื•ึดื™ืœ ื“ืขื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื•ื•ืขืžืขืŸ ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ 

ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธืคืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืจืึธืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืึธื˜. 

ื•ื•ื•ื™ืœ ื“ื™ืจ -- ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึทืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืง ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ืจ ื’ืขื‘ืจืึทื›ื˜! 

ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจืึทื›ื˜ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืจืึธืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืึธื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืฒึทื ืขื, ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจืึทื›ื˜! 

(ืงื•ืžื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืงื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ืคื™ืจ ื˜ืขืคึผืœืขืš ืžื™ืœืš ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ื˜ืึทืฅ, ื–ื™ ืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืึทืฐืขืง ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ื•ื‘ืก ื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืงืŸ ื˜ื™ืฉืœ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืขืคึผืขืœืข 


ืื•ืŸ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืฆื• ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึทืฅ ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืฆื™ืžืขืจ) 


(ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ืื™ืจ ืฆื• ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ื“ืจืฒึท ืขืจื˜ืขืจ, ื˜ืจื™ื ืงืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืก, ื•ื™ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืึธื˜ืขืžืฆื•ื’ ื“ื™ ืžื™ืœืš, ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ืึทืฐืขืง 


ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืคึผืขืœืขืš ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื˜ืึทืฅ. ื–ื™ ืงื•ืงืŸ ืึท ืฐืฒึทืœืข ืึธืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืจื•ื™, ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืจืขื˜ืŸ ืึธืคึผ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ืขืจื˜ืขืจ) 


(ื’ื™ื™ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืฆื•ืจื™ืง, ืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื–ื™ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืคึผ ื‘ืฒึท ืื™ื•ื‘ืก ื˜ื™ืฉืœ, ืจื•ืงื˜ ืฆื• ืื™ื ื ืขื ื˜ืขืจ ืฆื• ื“ืึธืก ื˜ืขืคึผืขืœืข) 
(ืงื•ืงื˜ ืื™ืจ ืคืจืขืžื“ ืึธืŸ) 

ื•ื•ืขืจ ื‘ื™ืกื˜ื•? 

ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืฉื›ื ื”. | 

ืื•ืŸ ืฐื•ึผ ื”ืึธืกื˜ื• ื“ื™ ืžื™ืœืš ืคืึทืจ ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ? 

ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืžื™ืœืš ื’ืขื ื™ืกื˜ื•, 

ืื™ื™ื ืข 

ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื™, ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืฒึทื ืข, ืื™ื– ืฆื•ืจื™ืงื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ... 

ืื™ื™ื ืข ื ืึธืจ ืึท ืงื•. 

ืกืข ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืึทื ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•... 


ืึท ืงื•ื™ ืึท ืงื• 


ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœ ื“ืึธืก ืœืขื‘ืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืึทื ื˜ืœืึธืคืŸ -- 
ืื™ื– ืึท ืงื•! ืึท ืงื•, | 


ื ืึธืจ ืึท ืงื• ืฆื•ืจื™ืง 


ืฆื• ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืจื•... 
ืึท ื’ืœื™ืง! 
ืึท ื’ืœื™ืง ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ืš ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธืคืŸ! 


ื ืขื... (ืจื•ืงื˜ ืึธืคึผ ื“ืึธืก ื˜ืขืคึทึผืœ) 


ื ืขื ืฆื•.. 


ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจืฉืขื 
ื“ื™ ืฉื›ื ื” ื“ืฒึทื ืข -- ื˜ืจื™ื ืง! 
1 


ืื™ื•ื‘; 


ื“ื™ ืคืจืฑื™: 


ืื™ื•ื‘: 


ื“ื™ ืคืจื•ื™: . 


ืื™ื•ื‘: 
ืชึผืžื ืข: 
ืื™ื•ื‘: 


ืืœื™ืคื–; 


ืื™ื•ื‘: 


ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืš ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ื ืกื˜ ื“ื™ืจ, 
ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจืงื•ื™ืคื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื™ืจ ื–ื™ืš, ื•ื™ ืึท ืžื™ื ื“ืกื˜ืข, 
ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจื“ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ-- 
ื•ื™ ืก'ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขืงืขื ื˜ ืขืจ ืžื™ื™ื ืขืŸ; 
ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื™ื“ืขืœืข, ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื›ื ื” - 
ื˜ืจื™ื ืง! 
ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขื˜ืจื•ื ืงืขืŸ -- 
ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฉืžืขืงื˜ ื•ื™ ืฐืฒึทืŸ ืžื™ืจ. 
ื ื™ื˜ ืจื™ื™ื“ ืžื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืก ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืจื™ื™ื“ ืืฒึทื™ืŸ ืžื™ืจ, 
ืื•ืŸ ืฆื• ืื™ืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื ืง... 
ื ืขื ืฆื•! (ืงื•ืงื˜ ืื™ืจ ืึธืš 
ื“ื•... ื“ื•... 
ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฉื›ื ื”-- 
ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืึทื–ืึท 
ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืข 
ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ... ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื ื“ืึธ... 
ื•ื™ ืจื•ืคื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ืš, ื–ืึธื’, ื•ื•ื™? 
ืชึผืžื ืข. 
ื”ืึท?! 
ืชึผืžื ืข. 
ืชึผืžื ืข! ืชึผืžื ืข!... ื’ึตื™ื™... 
(ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืึทืจืฑืก ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึทืฅ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ื“ื™ืงืข ื˜ืขืคึผืœืขืš) 
ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืจ, ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธ, ืึท ื‘ืจื™-- 
ืชึผืžื ืข! 
ืชึผืžื ืข... ืชึผืžื ืข... ื–ื™... 
ืื•ื™ืš ื–ื™... 
ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืชึผืžื ืข... ืึทืš! 
ื•ื™ ื’ื•ื˜ ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ, ื•ื™ ืคืจื•ื -- 
ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื–ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืกืš! 
ืขืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ืึธ ืึทื–ืขืœื›ืข ืื•ืžืขื˜ื•ื, 
ืื•ืŸ ืึทืœืข ืžืึธืœ... 
ื™ืึธ, ื™ืึธ! 
ื–ื™ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ืึธ, 
52 


ืืœื™ืคื–; 


ื›ื“) 


ืื™ื•ื‘; 
ืืœื™ืคื–; 
ื›ื”) 


ื›ื•) 


ื›ื–) 


ืื™ื•ื‘; 


ื–ื™ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก, ืึธ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก 

ืื™ืŸ ืฆืึธืœ... 

ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘, ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ื– 
ืึธ ืชึผืžื ืข... ื•ื•ื™ื™, 

ื“ื™ ื’ืึทืก ืื™ื– ืคื•ืœ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™! 

ืึธ ื’ืึธื˜! 

ื“ื™ ื’ืึทื ืฆืข ืฉื˜ืึธื˜, 

ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืขื•ืฅ, 

ื ืึธืจ ืžืฒึทื ืข ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ืึธ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืžืขืจ... 


(ืคึผ'-- ื”.) 


ื”ืขืจ ืื™ื•ื‘, ื”ืขืจ: 

ื•ื•ืขืกื˜ ื ืึธืš ื“ืขืจืœืขื‘ืŸ ื’ื•ื˜ืก... 

ืขืก ืฐืขื˜ ื ืึธืš ืฉืœื•ื ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขืฆืขืœื˜, 

ื•ื•ืขืกื˜ ืฐื•ื™ื ืขืŸ ื“ืึธ ืžื™ื˜... ื™ืึธ! ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืึทื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื ื“, 
ื•ื•ืขืกื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจืœืขืš ืึท ื˜ื•ืฅ!... 


(ืงื•ืงื˜ ืื™ื ื•ื•ื™ืœื“ ืึธืš) 


ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืงื™ื ื“-- 
ื•ื™ ื’ืจืึธื–ืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืคืขืœื“; 


ื“ื• ืฐืขืกื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ื™ืคืŸ ืขืœื˜ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืึทืจื‘ืŸ, 
ื•ื™ ืžืขืŸ ื ืขืžื˜ ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืฆืฒึทื˜ื™ืงืข ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืึทืจื‘ืŸ... 
ื• 


ื“ืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืึธืงืึธืจืฉื˜ 

ื“ืขืจืคืึธืจืฉื˜, 

ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืขืก, ืฐืึธืก ืžึดื™ืจ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ื“ื™ืจ, ืฐืึธืก ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ. 
ื“ื• ื ืขื ื–ื™ืš ืขืก ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื ืขืŸ! 


553 


ื‘) 


ื’) 


ื“) 


ื”) 


ื—) 


ื˜) 


ื™( 


ื™ื) 


ื™ื‘) 


(ืคึผ'-- ื•.) 


ื™ืึธ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก, ืก'ืื™ื– ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฆืึธืจืŸ! 

ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขืžืึธืกื˜ืŸ ื ืึธืจ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ 

ืžื™ื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืง ื’ืจื•ื™ืก, ืžื™ื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ืงืœืึธื’-- 
ืฐืึธืœื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ ื’ืขื”ืึทื˜ ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ืฐืึธื’... 


ื–ื™ื™ ืฐืึธืœื˜ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืขืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื•ื™ ื–ืึทืžื“ืŸ ืคื•ื ืขืก ื™ื, 
ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืข ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืขื... 


ื’ืึธื˜ืก ืคืฒึทื™ืœืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืš ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธืคืŸ 

ื˜ื™ืฃื™ - 

ืื™ืš ื˜ืจื™ื ืง ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ื™ืคื˜, 

ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืฉืจืขืงืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืึทื ื˜ืงืขื’ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขืœืึธืคืŸ. 


ืฆื™ ืฐืขื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื’ืจืึธื– ืึท ืฐื™ืœื“ืขืจ ืื™ื™ื–ืœ ืฉืจืฒึทืขืŸ? 
ืื•ืŸ ืฆื™ ืจืขืฐื•ืขื˜ ื”ื•ื™ืš ืึทืŸ ืึธืงืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืงืœืฒึทืขืŸ? 


ืึทืš ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจ ื˜ื•ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืžื™ืจ, ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื™ื‘ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืœืŸ, 
ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจ ื–ืึธืœ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื”ืึธืคึผืขื ื•ื ื’ ื“ืขืจืคื™ืœืŸ, 


ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืฐื™ืœื™ืงื˜ ื ืึธืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืœืึธื’ื˜ ืžื™ืš, 
ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจ ืฆืขื ืขืžื˜ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜ ื ืึธืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืฉืœืึธื’ื˜ ืžื™ืš! 


ืื™ืš ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืจื™ื™ืกื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืื™ืŸ ืฆื™ื˜ืขืจื ื™ืฉ ื–ื™ืš ืึทื–ืฉ ื“ืขืจืฐืึทืจืขืžื˜ - 


ืฐื•ื™ืœ ืžื™ืจ! ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจื‘ืึทืจืขืžื˜! 


ืฐืึธืก ืงื•ืžื˜ ืึทืจืฑืก ืžื™ืจ ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืš ื”ืึธืฃ? 
ืื•ืŸ ืœืขื‘ ืื™ืš ืœืขื ื’ืขืจ ื ืึธืš-- ืื™ื– ืฐืึธืก ืฐืขื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืกื•ืฃ? 


ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืึทืœืฒืŸ, 
ืฆื™ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื›ึผื•ื— ืžืฒึทื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ? 
ืื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืœืฒึทื‘-- ืึท ื–ืึทืง - 

54 | 


ื™ื“) 


ื˜ื•) 


ื›ื) 


ื›ื‘) 


ื›ื’) 


ื›ื“) 


ื›ื”) 


ืฆื™ ืื™ื– ืขืจ ื“ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืงื•ืคึผืขืจ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื”ืึทืงื˜? 


ืื™ืš ืึท ืคืึทืจืฆืึธื’ื˜ืขืจ, 

ืึท ื’ืขืคึผืœืึธื’ื˜ืขืจ -- 

ืึทื ืฉื˜ืึธื˜, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืš ื“ืขืจืฐืึทืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืจืฒื™ื ื“ ื’ืขื ืึธื“, 
ืฐืึธืก ื”ืขืจ ืื™ืš, ืฐืึธืก? 

ืึทื– ืื™ืš ืคืึทืจืœืึธื– 


ืžืฒึทืŸ ื’ืึธื˜! (ืขืจ ืงื•ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืคืจืฒึทื™ื ื“) 


ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ืš , ื ืึธืจ ืžืฒึทื ืข ื‘ืจื™ื“ืขืจ ื’ืœื™ืงืœืขืš, ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืื•ืŸ ืจืฒึทืš-- 
ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืขืก ื’ืขืคืขืœืฉื˜, ืฐื™ ืขืก ืคืขืœืฉื˜ ืึท ื˜ืฒึทืš! 

ื•ื™ ืฐืึทืกืขืจืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึทืฐืขืงื’ืขืœืึธื–ืŸ-- 

ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ืึธ ื–ื™ื™... 


ื™ืึธ, ื™ืึธ! ืึทื–ืฑ ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ืจ, ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ ืึทืฐืขืง, 

ืื™ืจ ืึทืœืข, 

ืื™ืจ ืงื•ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ืžืฒึทืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืง ืฆื• ืžื™ื˜ ืฉืจืขืง-- 
ืื•ืŸ ืึทื ื’ืกื˜ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืืฒึทืš ื‘ืึทืคืึทืœืŸ. 


ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืžื™ืจ, ืฆื™ ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ 

ืฐืึธืก ืขืก ืื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ืืฒึทื™ืš ืคืึทืจืœืึทื ื’ื˜? 

ืฆื™ ื’ืขื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก ืฐืึธืก ืคื•ืŸ ืืฒึทืขืจ ื”ืึธื‘ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืึธื‘ 
ืคืึทืจ ืžื™ืจ... ืคืึทืจ ืžืฒึทื ืขื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืึท ื’ืขืฉืึทื ืง? 


ืฆื™ ื’ืึธืจ ืื™ืจ ื–ืึธืœื˜ ืžื™ืš ืจืึทื˜ืขืฐืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื‚ื•ื ื ื’ืจื•ื™ืก-- 
ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืขื ื˜, ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื–ืข ืœื™ื™ื–ื˜ ืžื™ืš ืื•ื™ืก! 


ืฐืฒึทื–ื˜, ืฐืฒึทื–ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืึธืŸ -- ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ: ื ื™ื™ืŸ! 
ืฐื•ึผ ืื™ื– ืžืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืขื•ืช? ื’ื™ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืฆื• ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ?! 


ืฉื˜ืึทืจืง ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ืฐืึธืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื•ืฉืจ, 
ื ืึธืจ ืื™ืจ -- ืฐืึธืก ื•ื™ืœื˜ ืื™ืจ ืžื™ืจ ื“ืขืจืฐืฒึทื–ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืืฒึทืขืจ ืคึผืœืฑืฉืŸ? 


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ื™ื•ื ื’ืข ืชึผืžื ืข: 


ืืœื™ืคืŸ 
ื‘ืœื“ื“ 
ืฆื•ืคืจ. 


ื™ื•ื ื’ืข ืชึผืžื ืข: 


ืื™ื•ื‘: 


ื™ื•ื ื’ืข ืชึผืžื ืข: 


ืื™ื•ื‘: 


ืืœื™ืคื–; 
ืื™ื•ื‘: 


ืฆื™ ื•ื•ื™ืœื˜ ืื™ืจ ืึธืคึผืœื™ื™ืง'ื ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ื ืึธืจ 
ื“ื™ ืจื™ื™ื“ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ื’ืขืžื™ื˜ 
ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืคืึทืจืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ืคืœื˜ืŸ ื‘ื™ื– ื’ืึธืจ? 


ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ื™ืชื•ื ืฐืึทืจืคื˜ ืื™ืจ, 

ืฉืึทืจืคื˜ ืื™ืจ 

ืืฒึทืขืจ ืฆื•ื ื’, ื’ืจืึธื‘ื˜ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ืืฒึทืขืจ ืคืจืฒึทื ื“-- 
ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื˜, ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื˜... 

(ืงื•ืžื˜ ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื˜ืึทืฅ ื’ืขืฉื ื™ื˜ืขื ืข "ืคึผื™ืชึผื”"-ื‘ืจื•ื™ื˜ืงืขืก -- 

ืžื™ื˜ ืคึผื•ื˜ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืฉืžื™ืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทืœืฒื’ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืงืขื–) 

ืื™ื•ื‘, 

ืึท ื’ืœื™ืงืœืขื›ืขืจ ืึท ื˜ืึธื’ ืื™ื– ื”ืฒึทื ื˜! 

ืึท ื˜ืึธื’ ืึท ื’ื•ื˜ืขืจ -- 

ื ืึธืš ืึท ืงื• ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืฒึทื ืข ืงื™ 

ืื™ื– ืฆื•ืจื™ืงื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ... 

ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขืžืึธืœืงืŸ ื–ื™, 

ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ ื“ืขื ืฉืžืึทื ื˜ ืึทืจืึธืคึผื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ, 

ืื•ืŸ ืืฑืกื’ืขืฉืœืึธื’ืŸ ืคึผื•ื˜ืขืจ, 

ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืงื•ื•ืขื˜ืฉื˜ ืึท ืงืขื–-- 

ื ืขื, ืื™ื•ื‘, ืขืก! (ื–ื™ ืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ื•ื‘ืก ื˜ื™ืฉืœ ืึท ื˜ืขืฆืœ ืžื™ื˜ ืคึผื™ืชึผื”ื™ืฉื’ืŸื™ื–ื˜ืงืขืก, ื–ื™ ื˜ืจืึธื’ื˜ ื“ื™ ืื™ื‘ืขื•ื™ื™ืงืข 


ื‘ืจื•ื™ื˜ืงืขืก ืฆื• ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘) 
(ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืฆื™ืžืขืจ, ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ืฉื˜ื™ืงืœืขืš ื‘ืจื•ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืขืกืŸ) 


ืึท ื“ืึทื ืง! 

(ื’ื™ื™ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื˜ืึทืฅ, ืจื•ืงื˜ ื–ื™ ืฆื• ื“ืึธืก ื˜ืขืœืขืจืœ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื‘ืจื•ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืื™ื•ื‘ืŸ. ืฐืึทืจื˜ ืึท ืฐืฒึทืœืข) 
ืขืก... 

(ืงื•ืงื˜ ืื™ืจ ืคืจืขืžื“ ืื•ืŸ ืฆืขืฉืจืึธืงืŸ ืึธืŸ) 

(ืœืึธื–ื˜ ืึทืจืึธืคึผ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ, ืฉืฐืฒึทื’ื˜ ืึท ืฐืฒึทืœืข. ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืึธืคึผ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื˜ืึทืฅ) 

ื•ื•ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื–ื™? 

ืื™ืš ื“ืขืจืžืึธืŸ, ื“ืขืจืžืึธืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจื’ืขืก. 

ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืฉื›ื ื”... 

ื™ืึธ... ืึทื–ืึท ืื™ื™ื ืข, 


256 


ื) 


ื‘) 


ื’) 


ื“) 


ื”) 


0 


ื•ื™ ื–ื™ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืก'ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืžืึธืœ ื‘ืึทืฐื™ื–ืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ืฐื™ ื–ื™ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืึธ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง -- 


ืงืขื ื˜ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืงืขื ื˜ื™ืง... ืงืจืขื›ืฆื˜, ืจื•ืงื˜ ืึทืฐืขืง ื“ืึธืก ื‘ืจื•ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื˜ืขืคึผืœ ืžื™ืœืš) 
('-- ื–.) 


ื•ื•ื™ื™, ื•ื•ื™ื™... 

ืคืึธืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืš ื“ืขื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉื ืก ื•ื•ืขื’, 
ืื•ืŸ ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืคืึทืจื“ื•ื ื’ืขื ืขื, ื•ื•ื™ื™, ื•ื•ื™ื™-- 
ื–ืฒึทื™ื ืขืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื˜ืขื’... 


ื•ื™ ืขืก ืœืขื›ืฆื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืงื ืขื›ื˜ ืฆื•ื ืฉืึธื˜ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขื ืฉื•ื™ืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ื•ื™ ืึท ื’ืขื“ื•ื ื’ืขื ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืฐืึทืจื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืœื•ื™ืŸ-- 


ืึทื–ืฑ ืื•ื™ืš ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืขื˜ื™ื™ืœื˜ 

ื—ื“ืฉื™ื 

ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืื•ืžื–ื™ืกื˜ืข, 

ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืขื˜ื™ื™ืœื˜ 

ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื ืขื›ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืืฑืกื’ืขืœืึธืฉืŸ, 
ื ืขื›ื˜ ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจืข ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืกื˜ืข... 


ื‘ืขืชืŸ ืœื™ื’ืŸ ืคืœืขื’ ืื™ืš ื–ืึธื’ืŸ: 

ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฐืขื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ืŸ? 

ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’ ื“ืขืจืฐืึทื›ื˜-- 

ืคืœืขื’ ืื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ืžืึทื˜ืขืจื ื™ืฉ ื–ื™ืš ื–ืึทื˜ืขืกืŸ ื‘ื™ื– ืฉืคึผืขื˜ ืื™ืš ื ืึทื›ื˜... 


ืžืฒึทืŸ ืœืฒึทื‘ ืึทืจื•ืžื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึท ืฐืึธืจื˜, 
ืึท ืฉื˜ื™ืง ืขืจื“ ืคืึทืจืฉืึธืœื˜ืŸ 

ืžืฒึทืŸ ื”ื•ื˜ ื’ืขืฉืคึผืึธืœื˜ืŸ 

ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจืžื™ืื•ืกื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ... 


ืžืฒึทื ืข ืœืฒึทื›ื˜ืข ื˜ืขื’ ื•ื™ ืึท ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื‘ ืึทืฐืขืงื’ืขืœืึธืคืŸ, 
ืคืึทืจืฉืฐื•ึผื ื“ืŸ ืึธืŸ ืึท ื”ืึธืคึฟืŸ... 


257 


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ื™ื) 


ื™ื‘) 


ื™ื’) 


ื™ื“) 


ื’ืขื“ืขื ืง: ืึท ื”ื•ื™ืš ืžืฒึทื™ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืงื•ืจืฅ, 
ืžืฒึทืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ-- 

ื“ืึธืก ืื•ื™ื’ ืžืฒึทื ืก ืฐืขื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื’ื•ื˜ืก 
ื ื™ื˜ ืึธื ืงื•ืงืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืžืขืจ... 


ืขืก ืฐืขื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ื’ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืขืŸ ืžื™ืš ืžืขืจืขืจ ื“ืึธ, 
ืงื•ืง ื’ื™ื›ืขืจ ืึธืŸ ืžื™ืš, ืงื•ืง -- ืฐืฒึทืœ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื›'ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ืึธ... 


ืึท ืฐืึธืœืงืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืคืึทืจืฉืฐื™ื ื“ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื ื™ื˜-- 
ืึทื–ืฑ ืึท ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ, ืฐืึธืก ืฉื˜ืึทืจื‘ื˜-- ืฉื˜ืฒึทื’ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืจ'ืขืจื“ ื ื™ื˜. 


ืขืจ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืึทื”ื™ื™ื ืžืขืจ, 
ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืขื’ ืึทื”ื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจื’ืขืกืŸ -- 
ืขืก ืฐืขื˜ ืื™ื ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจืงืขื ืขืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืžืขืจ 
ื“ืึธืก ืึธืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ืจ'ืื™ื– ื’ืขื–ืขืกืŸ. 


ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ืš-- ื›ื™ืคืึทืจื”ืึทืœื˜ ืžืฒึทื™ืŸ ืžื•ื™ืœ ื ื™ื˜, ื ื™ื™ืŸ! 
ืื™ืš ืจื™ื™ื“! 
ืื™ืš ืจื™ื™ื“ ืึทืจืึธืคึผ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืง ื’ืจื•ื™ืก, ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ื™ืŸ 


ืื™ืŸ ืžืฒึทื™ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ืœื™ื™ื“, .. (ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ืงืึธืคึผ, ืฆืขื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื ื˜ืขื ื”) 


ืฆื™ ื›'ื‘ื™ืŸ ืึท ื™ื ื“ื™ืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก? 
ืฆื™ ืึท ืงืจืึธืงืึธื“ื™ืœ ื“ื™ืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืœื™ืง, 

ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืก? 

ืฐืึธืก ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ืึท ืฐืึทืš ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืึทืคื•ื™ืœืŸ?. 


ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ื˜: ืžืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืขื˜ ืฐื•ืฆื˜ ืจื• ืžื™ืจ ืฉืขื ืงืขืŸ, 
ืžืฒึทื™ืŸ ื’ืขืœืขื’ืขืจ ื•ื•ืฆื˜ ืึท ื˜ืจื™ื™ืกื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ - 


ืฆืขื‘ืจืขื›ืกื˜ื• 
ืžื™ื˜ ื—ืœื•ืžื•ืช ืžื™ืš, ืื•ืŸ ืฐืขืงืกื˜ ืžื™ืš, ืฐื•ืขืงืกื˜ ืžื™ืš,. 
ืฉื™ืงืกื˜ ื–ืขื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืึทืจืึธืคึผ ืžื™ืจ ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ืข, 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืฉืจืขืงืกื˜ ืžื™ืš, 

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ื›'ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ื•ืฐืขืœืŸ -- ืื™ืš ืึทืœืฒืŸ 
ื“ืขืจืฐืึธืจื’ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื ืฑื™ื˜, 
ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜, 

ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืžืฒื™ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื™ื™ืŸ... 


ื•ืก'ืื™ื– ืžื™ืื•ืก ืžื™ืจ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ, ืึทืšึฐ! 


ื ื™ื˜ ืืฒื™ื‘ื™ืง ืื™ื– ืžืฒึทืŸ ืœืขื‘ื ืกื•ื•ืขื’, 
ืœืึธื– ืึธืคึผ ืžื™ืš, ืœืึธื– ื’ืขืžืึทืš, 
ืฐื•ืฒึทืœ ื ื™ืฉื˜ื™ืง ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืข ื˜ืขื’. 


ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืขืจ ื“ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ, ืฐืึธืก ื“'ื”ืึธืกื˜ ืื™ื ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื’ืขืžืึทื›ื˜? 
ืฐืึธืก ืœื™ื™ื’ืกื˜ื• ืขืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ื ืึทื–ืฑ ืคื™ืœ ืึทื›ื˜? 


ื“ื• ื’ืขื“ืขื ืงืกื˜, ื’ืขื“ืขื ืงืกื˜ ืึทื–ืฑ ืื™ื ื’ื•ื˜, 

ืื•ืŸ ืจื•ืคืกื˜ ืื™ื, ื™ื™ 

ื“ื• ื ืขืžืกื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ืคืึทืจื”ืขืจ ืื™ื ืื™ื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืžื™ื ื•ื˜ 
ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืจื•ึผื•ื•ืกื˜ ืื™ื... 


ื•ื™ ืœืึทื ื’ ื ืึธืš ืฐืขืกื˜ื• ื–ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืึธืคึผื˜ืึธืŸ? 
ื“ื• ืœืึธื–ืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืึธืคึผ ืžื™ืš ืึทืœืฅ, 

ื‘ื™ื– ืื™ืš ืฉืœื™ื ื’ ื“ืขื ืฉืคึผืฒึทืขื›ืฅ ืฆ'ืจื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ื”ืึทืœื“ื– 
ืื™ืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืขื, ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ืึธืคึผื˜ืŸ. 


ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขื–ื™ื ื“ื™ืงื˜, ื™ืึธ! 

ืฐืึธืก, ืื•ืžืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืก ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜, ืื™ืš ืงืขืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ. 

ืžื™ื˜ ืžืฒื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ื“ื™ืจ ื˜ืึธืŸ -- 

ื“ื™ืจ, ื”ื™ื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ... 

ืคืึทืจ ืฐืึธืก ื“ืขืจ ืฉืคึผืึทืก? / 

ืคืึทืจ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธืกื˜ื• ื’ืขืžืึทื›ื˜ ืžื™ืš, ืื™ืš ื–ืึธืœ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ 
ื“ื™ืจ ืึท ืฉื˜ืขืจื•ื ื’? 

ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึทืœืฒืŸ ืฆื• ืœืึทืกื˜? 


259 


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ืึทืš, ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฉืข, ื–ืึธื’ ืžื™ืจ, ืฐืขื˜ 

ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื“ืึธ, ืื•ื™ื‘ 

ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืžื•ื—ืœ ืžื™ืจ ืึทืฆื™ื ื“ 

ืžืฒึทืŸ ื–ื™ื ื“, 

ื˜ืึธืžืขืจ 

ืžืขืงืกื˜ื•, ื’ืึธื˜, ื ื™ื˜ ืึธืคึผ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื—ื˜ื - 

ืื™ืš ืœื™ื’ ืžื™ืจ ื™ืขืฆื˜ ื‘ืึทืจื•ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื™ื‘, 

ื“ื• ืฐืขืกื˜ ืžื™ืš ื–ื•ื›ืŸ ืื•ืŸ -- ื ื™ื˜ืึธ ืžื™ืจ! 

(ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขืจืขื’ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคึผืœืฒื™ืฆืขืก, ืจ'ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืกืขืจ ื–ื™ืš, ืจื•ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึทืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขืฆื•ื ื“ืขื ืขืจ ืฆื•, ืฆื• ืื™ื•ื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ 
ื–ืฒึทื˜) 

(ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ื ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืœืฒึทื“ื ื“ ื’ืขื–ื™ื›ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฆืขืจืคื•ืœืข ื‘ืœื™ืงืŸ, ืงืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื ืึธืคึผ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืœื™ื ืงืก) 


(ืจื•ืงื˜ ื–ืฒึทื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ืœ ืึท ื‘ื™ืกืœ ื ืึธืš ื ืขื ื˜ืขืจ ืฆื• ืื™ื) 
(ืคึผ'-- ื—.) 


ื‘ื™ื– ืฐืึทื ืขืŸ ืึธ, ืฐืขืกื˜ื• ืึทื–ืฑ ื ืึธืš ืจืขื“ืŸ, ืจื™ื™ื“ ืึท ื’ืจื•ื™ืœ? 
ืึทื–ืฉ ืก'ืฒืึธื’ื˜ ืึท ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ ื“ื™ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืฒึทื™ืŸ ืžื•ื™ืœ. 


ืฆื™ ืงืขืŸ ื’ืึทื˜ืก ืžืฉืคึผื˜ ืงืจื•ื ื–ืฒืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึทืœืžืขื›ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ, 
ืฆื™ ื’ืึธืจ ื’ืขืงืจื™ืžื˜ ืงืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜ื™ืงื™ื•ื˜? 


ืคืึทืจื–ื™ื ื“ื™ืงื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ืฒึทื ืข ื–ื™ืš ืคืึทืจ ืื™ื, ื“ื™ ื–ื™ืŸ, 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ื•ื™ืกืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื–ื™ื ื“!... 


ื“ื• ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ื“ื• ื˜ืึธืžืขืจ ื–ื•ื›ืกื˜ื• ื’ืึธื˜ 
ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื˜ืกื˜ ืื™ื, ื‘ืขื˜ืกื˜ ื’ืขื ืึธื“, 


ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืกื˜ื• ืึธืจื ื˜ืœืขืš ืื•ืŸ ืจื™ื™ืŸ-- ืงื•ืžื˜ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืœืฑื ื•ื ื’, 
ืฐืึทื›ื˜ ืขืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ืจ, ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ื•ื™ื ื•ื ื’, 


ืžืขื’ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ-- 
ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืขื ื“ ืฐืขื˜ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืื•ืŸ ืฉื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ! 


560 


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ื™ื’) 


ื“ื• ืคืจืขื’ ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ื“ื•ืจื•ืช, ืคืจืขื’, 

ืื•ืŸ ืžืขืจืง ื–ื™ืš, ืžืขืจืง ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืขื’ 

ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธื‘ื•ืช ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข, ืคื•ืŸ ืขืœื˜ืกื˜ืข ืœืฒึทื˜, 

ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืฉื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืคืึทืจื’ืขืกืขื ืขืจ ืึท ืฆืฒึทื˜... 


ื“ื• ื–ืึธื’ืกื˜: (ืžื™ืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืขื›ื˜ืŸ, 

ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜ืŸ, 
ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกืŸ ืงื•ื™ื | 
ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืื•ื ื“ื– ื“ืึธ ื‘ืึทืฉืขืจื˜, 

ืึท ืฉืึธื˜ืŸ -- ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ื“ื™ ื˜ืขื’, ืึท ื˜ืจื•ื™ื 

ื“ืึธ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“...) 


ืคืจืขื’ ื–ื™ื™, ื–ื™ื™ ืฐืขืœืŸ ื“ื™ืš ื‘ืึทืœืขืจืŸ, 
ื–ื™ื™ ืฐืขืœืŸ ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ื“ื™ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฆืŸ ืœืึธื–ืŸ ื”ืขืจืŸ: 


"ื‘ืึทืงืœืึธื’ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜, ืึธ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ, 

ืฆื™ ืงืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื™ืœืคื‘ื•ื™ื ืฐืึทืงืกืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืจืึธื˜ืŸ 

ืึธืŸ ืึท ื‘ืœืึธื˜ืข? 

ื“ื• ื“ืึทืจืคืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืฉืจืฒื™ืขืŸ, 

ืฆื™ ืงืขืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื’ืจืึธื– ืื™ืŸ ืคืขืœื“ ืึธืŸ ืฐืึทืกืขืจืŸ ื’ืขื“ืฒื™ืขืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืขื ื˜ืฉื˜?" 


"ืคืึทืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื•ื™ืคื‘ืœื™ ื•ื•ืขืœืงื˜ ืขืจ -- ื•ื• ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื–ืŸ, 
ืžืขืŸ ืฐืขื˜ ืื™ื ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ืคืœื™ืงืŸ, 

ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ื ืึธืจ ืก'ื‘ืึทืฐืฒึทื–ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ื™ ื’ืจืขื–ืขืจ -- 

ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืขืจ ืคืึทืจื˜ืจื™ืงื ื˜..." 


ื“ืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืคืึธืœืง, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืคึฟืึทืจื’ืขืกืŸ ืึธืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืึธื˜, 

ื“ื™ ื”ืึธืค'ื ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื—ื•ื ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ืจืŸ -- 
ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจืœื•ื™ืจืŸ! 


561 


ื™ื“) ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื”ืึธืคืขื ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ -- ื–ืข, ืฆืขืจื™ื ืขืŸ! 
ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื”ื™ื™ื ื“ื™ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจืข - ืึท ืฉืคึผื™ื ื•ื•ืขื‘ืก... 


ื˜ื•) ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆื˜, ืึธ, ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื”ื™ื™ื ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ ืคืึทืœื˜ ืื™ื, 
ืขืจ ื”ืึทืœื˜ ื–ื™ ืคืขืกื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ!... 


ื˜ื–) ืขืจืฉื˜ ืื™ื– ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ื•ืŸ ืึท ื–ืึทืคึผื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทื ืขืŸ 
ืขืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขืจื˜ื ื“ืœ, ื™ื•ื ื’ ื“ื™ ืฆืฐืฒึทื’ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ. 


ื™ื–) ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ื”ื•ื™ืคืŸ ืฐืึธืจืฆืœืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึทืจื•ืžื’ืขืฐื™ืงืœื˜, 
ืึท ื’ืขื‘ื™ึทื™ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคืขืกื˜ ื“ืขืจื‘ืœื™ืงื˜ ืขืจ; 


ื™ืช) ืื•ืŸ ืึทื– ืขืจ ืจืฒึทืกื˜ ืื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก 
ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืจื•ื ื˜ ืึทืจืฑืก, 
ืจืฒึทืกื˜ ืึทืจืึธืคึผ ืื™ื 
ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืœืขื ื“ื˜ ืื™ื-- 
ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ื™ืงื ื˜, ืœื™ื™ืงื ื˜ ืึธืคึผ ืื™ื: 
ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ื“ื™ืš! 


ื™ื˜) ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ื™ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขื, ื’ืœื•ื™ื‘! 
ื–ื™ื™ ืฐืึทืงืกืŸ ืฐื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ, ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจ (ืฉื˜ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ... 


ื›) ื–ืฒึท ื•ื™ืกืŸ: 
ื’ืึธื˜ ืคืึทืจืึทื›ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ื“ืขื ื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜ืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ื“ื™ืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจื“ืจื™ืกืŸ, 
ืขืจ ืฐืขื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ื“ืึธืš ื“ื™ ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ืข! 


ื›ื) ื•ื•ืขืกื˜ ื–ืขืŸ-- 
ืขืก ื•ืขื˜ ื“ื™ืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื ืึธืš ืฐื•ื™ืœ! 
ืขืจ ืงืขืŸ 
ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื’ืขืœืขื›ื˜ืขืจ ื•ืฐืึทืจ'ื 
ืคื•ืœ ืžืึทื›ืŸ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืžื•ื™ืœ, 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ืฒึทื ืข ืœื™ืคึผืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืœื™ืึทืจื! 
02 


ื›ื‘) 


ืื™ื•ื‘: 
ื‘ืœื“ื“; 


ืื™ื•ื‘: 


ื‘ืœื“ื“; 


ื“ื™ ืฉื‚ื•ื ืื™ื ื“ืฒื™ื ืข ื“ืึธ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฆืŸ ืœืึทื ื“-- 
ืขืก ื‘ืึทืงืœืฒื“ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ืฉืึทื ื“, 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื’ืขืฆืขืœื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืฉืขื™ื -- 
ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ืึธ ืื™ื... (ืจื•ืคื˜) 
ืชึผืžื ืข! 
ื•ื•ืขืžืขืŸ ืจื•ืคืกื˜ื•? ื•ื•ืขืžืขืŸ? 
ื“ื™ ืฉื›ื ื” ื“ืฒึทื ืข... 
ืžื™ืš ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื“ื•ื›ื˜, ื“ื• ืจื•ืคืกื˜ ื–ื™, ืžืฒึทื ืข... 
ืžืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึธืจื‘ืขื ืข, ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฐืฒึทื‘-- 
ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– ืึท ืฆื™ื˜ืขืจ ืžื™ืจ ืึทื“ื•ืจืš ืžืฒึทืŸ ืœืฒึทื‘... 
ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ ืฐืขื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืฐืฒึทื‘ 
ืฐื•ืขืœ ืื™ืš ื–ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจืฉืขืžืขืŸ... 
ื›'ื•ื•ืขืœ ื–ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ืจื•ืคืŸ -- 
ืกื™ื™ื“ืŸ ื‘ื’ื™ืœื•ืคื™ืŸ... 
ื“ืขืจืฐืฒึทืœืข ืื™ื– ื–ื™ ื ืึธืจ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืฉื›ื ื” - 
ืื•ืŸ ืึท ืฉื›ื ื” ืžืขื’ ืžืขืŸ 
ืึธื ืงื•ืงืŸ ืึทื–ืฑ ื–ื™, ื’ืœืึทื˜ ืึทื–ืฑ... ืื•ืŸ ืคืจืขื’ืŸ, 
ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ ืื™ืจ, ื“ืขืจ ืฉื›ื ื” 
ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื™ื ืขืŸ 
ื“ืึธืก... 
ืึทืคื™ืœื• ืึธื ื‘ืึธื˜ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืฐืึธืก... 
ืึทืจืฒึทื ืฐืึทืจืคืŸ ืึท ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืœ ืึท ื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ืขื, 
ืื™ื™ื ืขื ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืš ืื™ื™ื ืขื! 
ืึท ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืœ ืึท ืฆืฐื™ื™ื“ืฒื™ื˜ื™ืงืก, ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ื™ื ืก, 
ืžืขื’ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืึทืคื™ืœื• ืึท ื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ืก= - 
ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืœื™ื’ืŸ! 
ื’ืึธื˜ ืฐืขื˜ ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืฆืขืงืจื™ื’ืŸ... 
ืื™ืš ืžืขื’ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœืŸ ืื™ืจ ืึท ื’ืจืึธื‘ื™ื ืงืŸ ืึท ื•ื•ื™ืฆืœ, 
ืึทืคื™ืœื• ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ืจ, ืึทื–ืฑ ื–ื™ืš, ืฉืคึผื™ืœื ื“ื™ืง, 
ื ื™ื˜-ื•ื•ื™ืœื ื“ื™ืง -- 
ืึท ืงื™ืฆืœ 
ืื™ืŸ ืฆื™ืฆืœ-- 
ืœืฒื™ื›ื˜, ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ, 

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ืื™ื•ื‘: 


ื‘ืœื“ื“; 


ืื™ื•ื‘: 


ื‘ืœื“ื“: 


ืื™ื•ื‘: 


ืžืขืŸ ืžืขื’ ื–ื™ืš ืขืก ื“ืขืจืœื•ื™ื‘ืŸ... 
ืก'ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื–-- 
ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก, ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก: 
ืขืจ ื˜ืฉืขืคึผืขื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืึท ืชึผืื•ื•ื”ืœืข ืึท ืงืœื™ื™ื ืก, 
ืึท ืชึผืื•ื•ื”ืœืข ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืœื™ื’ืŸ! 
ื’ืึธื˜ ื ืขืžื˜ ืขืก ื“ืึธืš ื“ืขื ืคืจื•ืžืขืŸ 
ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจ ืื•ืžื’ื•ื˜... 
ืก'ืื™ื– ื“ืขื ืื™ื™ื‘ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืึทืœืฅ ืื™ื™ื ืก 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืžืึทื›ื˜ ืขืก ืคืึทืจื’ืขื ื™ื’ืŸ. (ื‘ื™ื™ื’ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืฒึทืŸ ืฆื• ืื™ื•ื‘ืŸ) 
ืขืก ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฅ ืึท ื‘ื™ืกืขืœืข ืžื™ืจ ื”ื•ื™ืœ... 
ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ ื‘ืจืขื ื’ื˜ ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ืขืคึผืขื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืŸ ืžื•ื™ืœ-- 
ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืึธืจ ืคืฒื™ืŸ... 
ืชึผืžื ืข! 
ืœืึธื– ืึธืคึผ, ืœืึธื– ืึธืคึผ ืžื™ืจ! 
ื“ืขืจ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ื’ื™ื˜.ืึท ื”ื™ืœืš, 
ืึท ื”ืึทืง ืื™ืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ ืžื™ืจ -- 
ื ื™ื˜ ืจื•ืฃ ืึท ืžืช!... 
ืื™ืš ืจื•ืฃ ื“ืึธืš ืชึผืžื ืขืŸ ื’ืึธืจ, ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืฉื›ื ื”.., 
ืึทืœืข, ืึทืœืข ืชึผืžื ืขืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืข! 
ืื™ื™ื ืข ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืžืขืจืขืจ! 
ื ื™ื˜ ืจื•ืฃ ืึทื”ืขืจ ืื™ืจ... 
ื•ื•ื™ืœืกื˜ ืขืกืŸ -- ืขืก, 
ื˜ืจื™ื ืง ืžื™ืœืš! (ืจื•ืงื˜ ืื™ื ืฆื• ื“ืึธืก ื˜ืขืคึผืœ ืžื™ืœืš). 
ืขืก ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจ ื“ื™ืจ, ื’ืขื ื™ืก 
ื“ื™ ืžื™ืœืš ืื™ื– ื–ื™ืก, 
ื“ืึธืก ื‘ืจื•ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฉืžืึทืง-- ืขืก, ืขืก! 
ื“ืึธืก ืฐืึธืก ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื–ืŸ ืื™ื– -- ืคืึทืจื’ืขืก! 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืฐืึธืก ืœืขื‘ื˜-- ื’ืขื“ืขื ืง. 
ืชึผืžื ืข! 
ื‘ืจืขื ื’ ืขืคึผืขืก ืฐืึธืก ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ, ื‘ืจืขื ื’, ื‘ืจืขื ื’! 
ืจื•ืฃ ืื™ืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืึทื”ืขืจ... 
ื›'ืงืขืŸ ื’ืึธืจื ื™ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจื’ืขืกืŸ -- 
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ื‘ืœื“ื“: 


ืื™ื•ื‘: 


ื‘ืœื“ื“: 


ืื™ื•ื‘: 


ื‘ืœื“ื“: 


ืื™ื•ื‘: 


ื‘) 


ื“) 


ื ืึท, ื ืขื -- ืื™ืš ืงืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืขืกืŸ... (ืจื•ืงื˜ ืึธืคึผ ื“ืึธืก ืขืกืŸ) 
ื›'ืฐื•ื™ืœ ืžืขืจ! 

ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืึทืœื™ืŸ, ืคืึทืจ ื–ื™ืš -- 

ืจื•ืฃ ืื™ืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืึทื”ืขืจ, 

ืงืจื™ืš ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ื“ื• ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ืš... 

(ืคืึทืจืฐื•ึผื ื“ืขืจื˜ ืฉื˜ืึทืจืง ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉืขืžื˜) 

"ืงืจื™ืš -- ?" ืฐืึธืก ืขืคึผืขืก ืงืจื™ืš? 

ื•ื•ืขืจ ืขืก ืงืจื™ื›ื˜ ืฆื• ื’ืึธื˜-- ืงืจื™ื›ื˜ ืฆื• ืึท ืคืจื•ื™; 
ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืึท ืงืจื™ื›ืขืจ! 


(ืจื•ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืคึผ ืึท ื‘ืึทืœืฒื“ื™ืงื˜ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ืœ ืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืจื•ื ื˜) 


(ืคึผ'- ื˜.) 


ืึทื–ืฑ, ืึทื–ื•... 
ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก ืขืก ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ, 

ื“ืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ-- ืื•ื™ื‘ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืงืจื™ื›ืขืจ-- 
ืจ'ืžืขื’ ื’ื•ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ, ืขืจ ืžืขื’ ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ, 
ืฆื™ ืงืขืŸ ืขืจ ืคืึทืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ? 


ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืจื•ื™ื–ืŸ 
ืœืึธื“ืŸ ืื™ื... ืื™ื ืฐืึธืจ'ื ืขืŸ-- 
ืขืจ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื˜ ืื™ื ื“ืึทืŸ ื’ืึธืจื ื™ื˜, 
ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ื™ื ืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ื˜ืฑื™ื–ื ื˜. 


ืจ'ืื™ื– ืงืœื•ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึทืจืง, 
ืื•ืŸ ืžืขื›ื˜ื™ืง ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืœืึทื ืฅ; 
ื•ื•ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืก ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื˜ื™ืฃ ืคืึทืจ ืื™ื ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืงืึทืจืง 
ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฅ? 
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ืขืจ ื‘ืฒึทื™ื˜.- 
ื“ื™ ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืฐืฒึทื˜ 

ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข, 

ื–ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืึทืœื™ื™ืŸ ืฐื™ ืก'ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ? 
ืขืจ ืจืฒึทืกื˜ ืึทืจืฑืก ื–ื™ 

ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฆืึธืจืŸ, 


ืขืจ ื˜ื•ื˜ ื“ื™ ืขืจื“ ื“ืขืจืฉื™ื˜ืขืจืŸ 
ืคื•ืŸ ืึธืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจืŸ, 

ืึทื–ืฉ ื“ื™ ื–ืฒึทืœืŸ ืื™ืจืข 

ืื•ืŸ ื˜ื™ืจืŸ 


ืฆื™ื˜ืขืจืŸ, 


ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืคึผืขืœื˜ ื“ื™ ื–ื•ืŸ: ื”ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ! 
ื“ื• ืฉืฒึทืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืžืขืจืขืจ! 

ืขืจ ืฆื•ื™ืžื˜ ื“ืขื ืœื•ื™ืฃ 

ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ. 


ื“ื™ ื”ื™ืžืœืขืŸ ืึทืœืข ืืฑืกื’ืขืฉืคึผืจืฒื˜ - ืึทืœื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฐืขืจืง! 
ืขืจ ืฉืคึผืจืฒึทื–ื˜ ืขืก ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื™ื, ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืฐืึทืกืขืจื‘ืขืจื’... 


ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขื ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืจื ื˜, 
ื“ืขื ืึธืจื™ืึธืŸ -- ื’ืขืคืึธืจื ื˜, 

ื“ืขื ืฐืึธื’ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื–ื™ื‘ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ, 

ืื•ืŸ ื˜ื™ืคืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื ื“ืจื•ื. 


ืขืจ ื˜ื•ื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ืึทืœืข ื–ืึทื›ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ, 

ื ื™ื˜ ืืฑืกืฆื•ืคึผืึธืจืฉืŸ ื–ื™ื™, ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืกื•ืฃ-- 
ืื•ืŸ ืฐื•ึผื ื“ืขืจ ืฐืฒึทื–ื˜ ืขืจ ืึทืœืข ืžืึธืœ-- 

ื’ืึธืจ ืึธืŸ ืึท ืฆืึธืœ! 


ืขืจ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ื“ืึธืš ืžื™ืจ ืคืึทืจื‘ืฒึทื™-- 
ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ืš ื–ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืึทื ืขืŸ... 
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ื™ื‘) 


ื™ื’) 


ื™ื“) 


ื˜ื•) 


ื˜ื–) 


ื™ื– 


ื™ื—) 


ื™ื˜) 


ืขืจ ืฉื•ื•ืขื‘ื˜ ืคืึทืจืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืคืึทืจ ืžื™ืจ ืคืจื™ื™ - 
ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ื ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ืึทื ืขืŸ. 


ืื•ืŸ ื›ืึทืคึผื˜ ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืžืขืŸ ืึธืŸ - ืฐืขืจ ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืื™ื: ืœืึธื–! 
ื•ื•ืขืจ ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืฆื• ืื™ื: ืฐืึธืก ื˜ื•ืกื˜ื•, ืฐืึธืก? 


ื’ืึธื˜ ื˜ืจืขื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฆืึธืจืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขื ืึธืคึผ, 
ืฐืึธืก ื‘ืึทืคืึทืœื˜ ืื™ื, 

ืขืก ื“ืขืจื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืงืŸ ื–ื™ืš, ืขื ื‘ื™ื™ื’ืŸ ื˜ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ืงืึธืคึผ 
ืคืึทืจ ืื™ื ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืึธืœืฆืข. 


ืฐืขืœ ืื™ืš, ืึทื–ืึท ื•ื™ ืื™ืš, ืื™ื ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืคืจืขืš? 
ืคืึทืจืคื™ืจืŸ ืงืขื’ืŸ ืื™ื ืึท ืฉืึทืจืคืขืจืŸ ื’ืขืฉืคึผืจืขืš? 


ืื™ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื•ื™ืš -- 

ื–ืึธื’ ืื™ืš ื’ืึธืจื ื™ื˜ ื’ืึธื˜, 

ืื™ืš ื”ื•ื™ื‘ ืžืฒื™ืŸ ืงื•ืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื”ื•ื™ืš 

ืฆื•ื ืฉื•ืคื˜ ืžืฒึทื ืขื, ืื™ืš ื‘ืขื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื ืึธื“... 


ืื™ืš, ื˜ืึธืžืขืจ ืจื•ืฃ ืื™ืš ืื™ื-- ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืขืจื˜ 
ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืŸ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ ืžื™ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ-- 

ืื™ืš ื•ื•ืขืœ'ืก ืงื•ื™ื ื’ืœื•ื™ื‘ืŸ, 

ืึทื– ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืงื•ืœ ื“ืขืจื”ืขืจื˜.., 


ืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก ืคืึทืจื ื™ื›ื˜ ืžื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืฉื˜ื•ืจืขื ื•ื•ื™ืกื˜, 
ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืœืึธื’ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืฐื•ึผื ื“ืŸ ืžื™ืš ืื•ืžื–ื™ืกื˜, 


ืขืจ ืœืึธื–ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืึธืคึผืขื˜ื™ืžืขืŸ ืžื™ืš ืคืจื™ื™, 
ืื•ืŸ ื–ืขื˜ื™ืงื˜ ืžื™ืš, ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ื™ื˜ืขืจืขืจ, ืžื™ื˜ ืคึผืฒึทืŸ... 


ื™ืึธ, ืื•ื‘ ืขืก ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื›ึผื•ื—-- ืื™ื– ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืึทืจืง, ืึทืฐื“ืื™! 
ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ ืฆื•ื ื‘ื™ืช-ื“ื™ืŸ -- ื•ื•ืขืจ ื•ืขื˜ ืžื™ืš ืœืึธื–ืŸ? 


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ื›) ืก'ื‘ืึทืฉื•ืœื“ื™ืงื˜ ืžื™ืš ืžืฒึทืŸ ืžื•ื™ืœ 
ื‘ืขืช ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜ ื’ืึธืจ! 
ื›'ืžืขื’ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ื•ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฐื•ื™ืœ-- 
ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืงื•ืžื˜ ืึทืจืฑืก ืคืึทืจืงืขืจื˜ ื’ืึธืจ! 


ื›ื) ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜, ื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜ ื“ืึธืš! 
| ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก ื ื™ื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืื•ืŸ ืฐื™ ืขืก 
ืงื•ืžื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ืึทื–ืฑ ื’ืึธืจ... ื›'ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ืขืจ! 
ืก'ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ื– ืžื™ืจ ืžื™ืื•ืก... 


ื›ื‘) ืึธืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืฉื™ื™ื“! ืื™ืš ื–ืข ืขืก ืงืœืึธืจ ืื•ืŸ ืœืฑื˜ืขืจ: 
ื“ืขื ื’ื•ื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ืŸ ื˜ื•ื˜ ืขืจ! 


ื›ื’) ืื•ื‘ ืก'ืœืึธื–ื˜ ืึทืจืึธืคึผ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ื™ื ืขื ื–ื™ืš ืึท ื‘ืฒึทื˜ืฉ 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื”ืจื’ืขื˜ ืคึผืœื•ืฆืœื™ื ื’ ืื™ื-- ืื™ื–'ืก ื˜ืฒึทื˜ืฉ: 
ืขืจ ืœืึทื›ื˜ ื’ืึธืจ ืื•ื™ืก 
ื“ื™ ืึธืจืขืžืข ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืง ื’ืจื•ื™ืก... 


ื›ื“) ื“ื™ ืขืจื“ ื–ื™ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืึธืคึผื ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืจืฉื•ืช ืคื•ืŸ ืจืฉืข, 
ืขืจ ืคืึทืจื“ืขืงื˜ ื“ื™ ืฉืฒื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจืข ืจื™ื›ื˜ืขืจ-- ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ืึธ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ! 
ืื•ื™ื‘ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ ื’ืึธืจ-- 
ื•ื™ ื–ืึธืœ ืื™ื›'ืก ืจื•ืคืŸ, ืฆื• ืึทืœื“ืข ื’ื•ื˜ืข ื™ืึธืจ?! 


ื›ื”) ืื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืข ื˜ืขื’ ืึธืŸ ื ื•ืฅ - 
ื–ื™ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืœืฒึทื›ื˜ืขืจ ื ืึธืš 
ื•ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืœื•ื™ืคืขืจ... ื–ืขื˜: 
ื–ื™ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืš 
ืคืึทืจืคืœื•ื™ื’ืŸ, ืึทืฐืขืงื’ืขืœืึธืคืŸ, ื”ืขื˜, 
ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื’ื•ื˜ืก. 


ื›ื•) ืึทืฐืขืง ืื™ืŸ ื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื˜ื™ืคืŸ 
ืžื™ื˜ ืฉื™ืœืคืจื•ื™ืจ-ืฉื™ืคืŸ, 
8 


ื›ื–) 


ื›ื—) 


ื›ื˜) 


6 


ืœื) 


ืœื‘) 


ืœื’) 


ืœื“) 


ื•ื™ ืึทืŸ ืึธื“ืœืขืจ ื’ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึท ื‘ืึทืฐืฒื– 
ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืœื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืฉืคึผืฒื–. 


ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืื™ืš ื–ื™ืš ืคืึทืจื’ืขืกืŸ, 
ืžืฒึทืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื“ืขืจืฐืึทืจื’ืŸ, 
ืคืึทืจื’ืขืกืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื–ืŸ 

ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฉื˜ืึทืจืงืŸ - 


ืฉืจืขืงืŸ ืžื™ืš ื“ื™ ืฉืžืึทืจืฆืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืข ื’ืจื•ื™ืก, 
ื›'ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฆืขื‘ืจืึธื›ืŸ; 

ื›'ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก ืคืึธืจื•ื™ืก: 

ืื™ืš ื•ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืจืฒึทื’ืขืฉืคึผืจืึธื›ืŸ! 


ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืก: 

ื›'ื•ื•ืขืœ ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ืœื“ื™ืง! 

ื˜ืึธ ืคืึทืจ ืฐืึธืก ื–ืึธืœ ืื™ืš ื–ื™ืš ืคึผืฒึทื ื™ืงืŸ ื’ืขื“ื•ืœื“ื™ืง? 
ืคืึทืจ ืฐืึธืก ื–ืึธืœ ืื™ืš ื–ื™ืš ืžืึทื˜ืขืจืŸ ืื•ืžื–ื™ืกื˜? 


ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื›'ื–ืึธืœ ื’ืขืฐื•ืึทืฉืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ื™, 
ืื•ืŸ ืจื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜ -- ืฆื• ืฉืคึผื™ื’ืœืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ - 


ื˜ื•ื ืงืกื˜ื• ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื’ืจื•ื‘ ืžื™ืš ืึธืคึผ ื ืึธืš ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ 
ื›'ืงื•ืง ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื - ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืคืึทืจืžื™ืื•ืกืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืข ืžื™ืจ ื“ื™ ืงืœื™ื™ื“ืขืจ. 


ืฐืฒึทืœ ื ื™ื˜ ืึท ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ื•ื™ ืื™ืš ื•ื•ืฆื˜ ืงืขื ืขืŸ 
ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจืŸ ืื™ื... ืฆื•ื ื’ืขืจื™ื›ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื ื’ืขื ืขื ืขืŸ! 


ื ื™ื˜ืึธ ืฆืขื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืึท ืฉื˜ืจืึธืคืขืจ, 
ืขืจ ื–ืึธืœ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื”ืึทื ื˜ ืึทืฐืขืงืœืฒื’ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–, ืื•ืŸ ืึธืคืŸ. - 


ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ึทื™ื˜ืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืึทืฐืขืง! 
ืื•ืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ืขืจ ื ืึธืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืึธื ืฐืึทืจืคืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืžื™ืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืจืขืง - 


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ืœื”) 


ืฆื•ืคืจ; 


ืืœื™ืคื–; 


ืื™ื•ื‘; 


ืืœื™ืคื–; 


ืื™ื•ื‘; 


ืชึผืžื ืข: 


ื‘ืœื“ื“: 


ืืœื™ืคื–; 


ืฆื•ืคืจ: 


ืชึผืžื ืข: 


ืื™ื•ื‘: 


ืชึผืžื ืข: 


ืืœื™ืคื–: 


ื‘ืœื“ื“: 


ืขืจืฉื˜ ื“ืึทืžืึธืœืกื˜ ืขืœ ืื™ืš ืจื™ื™ื“ืŸ ืึธืŸ ื‘ืึทืฐืึธืจ'ื ื™ืฉ, 
ืื•ืŸ ืฐืขืœ ืคืึทืจ ืื™ื ื ื™ื˜ ืžื•ืจื ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ, ื’ืึธืจื ื™ื˜... 
ืฐืฒึทืœ ืื™ืš - ื•ื™ ืื™ืš ื’ืขืคื™ืŸ ืื™ื ืืฒึทืŸ, - 

ื“ืึทืจืฃ ืึทื–ืฑ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ! 

(ื›ืึทืคึผื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ืœ) 

ืชึผืžื ืข! 

(ื›ืึทืคึผื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืฃ) 

ืชึผืžื ืข! | 

(ืงื•ืงื˜ ื™ืขื“ืŸ, ื‘ืขืช ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื•ื™ืกืจื•ืคืŸ "ืชึผืžื ืข" ืึธืš 

ืื™ืจ ืึทืœืข, ืึทืœืข ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื ื“ืึธ 

ืจื•ืคื˜ ืื™ืจ ื–ื™... ื•ื™ ื’ื™ืš 

ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืื™ืจืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืœืขืจื ื˜, ืื™ืš - 
ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ื ืฉื ืขืœ ืึทื–ืฑ ืคืึทืจื’ืขืกืŸ... 

ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ืœืŸ ืขืกืŸ! 

(ืœืึธื–ื˜ ืึทืจืึธืคึผ ื“ืขื ืงืึธืคึผ, ืฉืžืขืจืฆืœืขืš, ื ื™ื˜ ื”ื•ื™ืš) 

ืชึผืžื ืข... 

(ื‘ืึทืฐืฒึทื–ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืึทืœื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืงื™ืš) 

ื”ืึธืกื˜ ืžื™ืš ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ, ืื™ื•ื‘? 

ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ืš ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ืคืจื™ึดืขืจ! 

ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ... 

ื ื™ื˜ ืคื™ื™ืŸ! 

(ืงื•ืงื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ืคืจืขืžื“ ืึธืŸ, ืงืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื ืึทืฐืขืงืฆื•ื’ืฒืŸ, ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ื˜ ื ืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ื•ื‘ืŸ) 
ื•ื•ื™ืœืกื˜ ื˜ืึทืงืข ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจื–ื•ื›ืŸ, 

ื ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืขืคึผืœ ืžื™ืœืš ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืงื•ื›ืŸ? 

ืขืก ื˜ื•ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™... (ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืึทืฐืขืงื’ืฒืŸ) 

ื ื™ื˜ ื’ื™ - 

ื–ื™ื™, ื–ื™ื™, 

ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ื 'ืก ื“ื™ืš ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ... ื–ื™ ื“ืึทืจืคืŸ -- (ืขืจ ืคึผืึทืจื–ื•ื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืขืคึผืœ ืžื™ืœืš) - 
ื–ึตื™ื™! 

ืฐืึธืก ื•ื•ื™ืœื˜ ืื™ืจ, ื›'ื‘ืขื˜ ืืฒื™ืš? 
ืึท ื˜ืจื•ื ืง ืึท ืฉืึทืจืคืŸ! 

ืึท ืจืขื˜ืึทืš! (ื’ื™ื˜ืึท ืงืจืขื›ืฅ) 

ื”ืึธื‘ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจื™ื‘ืœ... 


50 


ืฆื•ืคืจ:; 
ืืœื™ืคื–; 


ื‘ืœื“ื“; 
ืชึผืžื ืข: 
ืฆื•ืคืจ; 
ืืœื™ืคื–; 
ื‘ืœื“ื“; 
ืฆื•ืคืจ; 
ืืœื™ืคื–; 
ืชึผืžื ืข: 
ื‘ืœื“ื“: 
ืฆื•ืคืจ; 
ืืœื™ืคื–; 
ื‘ืœื“ื“; 
ืืœื™ืคื–; 
ื‘ืœื“ื“; 


ืฆื•ืคืจ; 
ืชึผืžื ืข: 


ื“ื™ ื“ืจื™ื™: 


ืื™ื•ื‘ 
ืชึผืžื ืข: 


ืฆื™ื‘ืœ! 

ืคึผื•ืคื™ืงืœ ื’ืขืงื ืึธื‘ืœื˜ 

ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ื’ืึธืคึผืœ... 

ืื•ืŸ ืงืจื™ื™ื˜ืขื›ืฆืขืจ ืึท ืฉื˜ื•ื™ืก! 
ืื™ืจ ืฐืขื˜ ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื ืงืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื“ืึธืก ื’ืึทื ืฆืข ื”ืฑื™ื–... 
ื‘ืจืขื ื’ ื—ืœื”ืœืขืš ื’ืขืคืœืึธื›ื˜ืŸ! 

ืคื™ืฉ ื’ืขืงืึธื›ื˜ืข! 

ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื ื™ื™ืŸ -- ื’ืขื”ืึทืงื˜ืข! 

ื’ืขื‘ืึทืงื˜ืข! 

ืึท ืœืขื‘ืขืจืงืข ื’ืขืฉืžืึธืœืฆืŸ... 

ืื™ืจ ืฐื™ืœื˜ ืึท ืžืึธืœืฆืฒึทื˜! 

ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ืœืŸ, ื™ืึธ, ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ืœืŸ! 

ืึท ืคืขื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืก, ืึท ืงื™ืœืŸ! 

ืคืœื™ื™ืฉ ืึท ื‘ืจื™ืกื˜ืœ -- ืฉืžืึทืœืฆื™ืง! 
ื’ืขืคืขืคืขืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื–ืึทืœืฆืŸ... 

ืื•ืŸ ื™ื•ื™ืš! 

ื™ื•ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืš, 

ืึท ื™ืฒึทื›ืœ! 

ืื™ื– ืึท ืžืื›ืœ ื˜ืึทืงืข, ืื™ื– ืึท ืžืื›ืœ! 
ืื•... ืฐืึท! ืื•... ืฐืึท!... ื’ืขืœืึทืกืขื ืขืจ... 
ืื™ืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ื—ืชื•ื ื”? 


(ื“ื™ ื“ืจืฒึทื™ ืคืจื™ื™ื ื“ ืงื•ืงืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฉื˜ื•ื ืื™ื‘ืขืจ) 


24 


;"ืืœื• 


(ืงืจืขื›ืฆื˜) 

ืึธื˜ ืœื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ืš, 

ืื•ืŸ ืึธื˜ ืงื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ืš, 

ืงืึธืš ืคืึทืจ ืืฒึทืš ืึธืคึผ 

ืึท ืคื•ืœืŸ ืคื•ืœืŸ ื˜ืึธืคึผ... 

ืคืึทืจ ื™ืขื“ืขืจืŸ ืึท ืฉื™ืกืœ - 

ืฐืึทืจื˜ ืึท ื‘ื™ืกืœ! 

ื’ืขืœืึทืกืขื ืขืจ! ื’ืขืœืึทืกืขื ืขืจ! 

ืื™ืจ ื–ืฒึทื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ื—ืชื•ื ื”... (ืึธืคึผ 


51 


ืืœื™ืคื– 


ื‘ืœื“ื“ (ืงื•ืงืŸ ื–ื™ืš, ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ืึทื ื“ืขืจืŸ, ืื™ื‘ืขืจ) 
ืฆื•ืคืจ 
ืืœื™ืคื–; (ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืฐื•ึผื ืง ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ) 
ืึท ื—ืชื•ื ื”! 
ื‘ืœื“ื“: (ื“ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ) 
ืึท ื—ืชื•ื ื”... 
ืฆื•ืคืจ; (ืฐื•ื™ื ืงื˜) 
ืึท ื—ืชื•ื ื”... 
ืืœื™ืคื–; ืื™ื•ื‘... 
ืื™ื‘ืจ โ€ / ืื™ืš ื”ืขืจ... 
ืืœื™ืคื–; (ืฐื™ ืขืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืคืจืขื’ืŸ ืึทืœืข ืึทืจื•ืžื™ืงืข ืคืึทืจื‘ืœืขื ื“ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืจื•ื™) 
ื•ื•ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื–ื™, ื•ื•ืขืจ? 
ื“ื™ ืื™ื™ื ืข? 
ื‘ืœื“ื“: (ืฐืฒึทื–ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ื•ื‘ืŸ) 
ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉื›ื ื”ื™.. 
ืฆื•ืคืจ; (ื’ื™ื˜ ืื™ื ืึท ืงืœื•ื’ืŸ ืฐื•ึผื ืง ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ) 
ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ืึท ืฉื™ื™ื ืข... 
ืืœื™ืคื–; ืื™ ืฉื™ื™ืŸ, ืื™ ื™ื•ื ื’! 
ื‘ืœื“ื“; ืึท ื’ืขืฉืœื™ืคืขื ืข ื‘ืฒึท ืื™ืจ ืึท ืฆื•ื ื’... 
ืฆื•ืคืจ; ืื•ืŸ ืงืœื•ื’ ืื™ื– ื–ื™... ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืฐื•ึผื ืง! 
ืืœื™ืคื–: (ืžืึทื›ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืชึผืžืขืฐืึทื˜ืข) 
ื•ื•ืขืจ? 
ื‘ืœื“ื“: ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉื›ื ื”... 
ืฆื•ืคืจ: ื”ื™ึทื™ื ื˜ ืึท ืฉื›ื ื” ื ืึธืจ, ืื•ืŸ ืžืึธืจื’ืŸ - ืžืขืจ... 
ืืœื™ืคื–; ืื™ื•ื‘... 
ืื™ื•ื‘: โ€ / ืื™ืš ื”ืขืจ. 
ื‘ืœื“ื“; (ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืฐื•ึผื ืง ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ืฆื• ืืœื™ืคื–ืŸ, ืขืจ ื–ืึธืœ ืฉืฐืฒึทื’ืŸ) 
ื’ื™ื‘ ืึท ืงืœืขืจ... 
ืฆื•ืคืจ: (ืื•ื™ืš ืขืจ ื’ืขืฐืึธื ื“ืŸ ืฆื• ืื™ื•ื‘ืŸ) 
ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืฉื›ื ื”... 
ืื™ื•ื‘: ืื™ืš ื”ืขืจ, ืื™ืš ื”ืขืจ - 


ืจื™ื™ื“ ื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ืข, 
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ื ื™ืื•ืฃ, ื ื™ืื•ืฃ, ื ื™ืื•ืฃ! 
ืื™ื•ื‘! 


(ืค'- ื™.) 


ื“ืึธืก ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ื– ืžื™ืจ ืžื™'ืก, 

ื›'ื•ื•ืขืœ ืื•ื™ืกื’ื™ืกืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืžืฒื™ื ืข ืœื™ื™ื“ืŸ, 
ื–ืึธืœ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืขืก ืื™ื– - 

ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ ืื™ืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืข ื‘ื™ื˜ืขืจืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืจื™ื™ื“ืŸ! 


ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ ืึทื–ืฑ ืื™ื ื–ืึธื’ืŸ: 

ื’ืึธื˜, ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืึทืฉื•ืœื“ื™ืง ืžื™ืš ืื•ืžื–ื™ืกื˜ืŸ, 
ืžืึทืš ืžื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ 

ืคืึทืจ ืฐืึธืก ื“ื• ื˜ื•ืกื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื–ื™ืš ืงืœืึธื’ืŸ? 


ืฆื™ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืึทื–ืฑ, ื–ืึธื’, ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื”ื ืื”, 

ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื• ืคืึทืจืœืขื ื“ืกื˜, 

ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื• ืคืึทืจืึทื›ื˜ืกื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืฐื•ืขืจืง ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืฒึทื ืข ื”ืขื ื˜, 
ื”ืึธืกื˜ ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขืฉืฒื™ื ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ื‘ืึทืฉืœื•ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืฉืขื™ื! 


ืฆื™ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื‘ืฒึท ื“ื™ืจ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืคืœื™ื™ืฉื™ืง-ืคืขื˜? 

ืฆื™ ื–ืขืกื˜ื• ื“ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ื•ื™ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื–ืขื˜? 

ืฆื™ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื˜ืขื’ ื“ื™ืจ ื•ื™ ืึท ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืขื˜ื™ื™ืœื˜? 

ืื•ืŸ ื“ืฒึทื ืข ื™ืึธืจืŸ, ื•ื™ ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืงืŸ ื’ืขืฆื™ื™ืœื˜? 


ืฐืึธืก ื“ื• ืคืึธืจืฉืกื˜ ืึทื–ืฑ, 

ื ืึธืš ื“ื™ ื—ื˜ืื™ื ืžืฒึทื ืข ืฉืœืขื›ื˜, 
ืฐืึธืก ื“ื• ื“ืึธืจืฉืกื˜ ืึทื–ืฑื™ 

ื ืึธืš ืžืฒึทืŸ ืคืึทืจื‘ืจืขืš? 


ืก'ืื™ื– ืึธื ื‘ืึทืœืึทื ื’ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ืจ ื“ืึธืš, ื“ื™ืจ ืึทืœืฒืŸ 
ืื™ืš ื–ืึธืœ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ืก ื˜ืึธืŸ! 


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ืก'ืื™ื– ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืจืึทื˜ืขืฐืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ืจ ื–ื™ืš, ื ื™ื™ืŸ, 
ืื™ืš ืžื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ! | 


ื“ืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ืฒึทื ืข ื”ืขื ื˜ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืš ื’ืขื‘ื™ืœื“ืขื˜, 
ืžื™ืš ื“ืขืจืฐืึธืจื‘ืŸ, 

ืžื™ืš ืึทืจื•ืžื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืฉื™ืœื“ืขืจื˜ - 

ืื•ืŸ ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ืžื™ืš ืคืึทืจื“ืึธืจื‘ืŸ... 


ื“ืขืจืžืึธืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื ืึธืจ, ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ืžื™ืš ื•ื™ ืึท ืœื™ื™ื ื’ืขืงื ืึธื˜ืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ืฐื™ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ืขืจื“ ืคืึทืจืฉืึธื˜ืŸ... 


ื“ื• ืฆืขื’ื™ืกื˜ ื•ื™ ืžื™ืœืš ืžื™ืš, 
ืื•ืŸ ืฐื™ ืงืขื– ืคึผืึทืจื”ืึทืจื˜ืขืฐืขืกื˜ื• ืžื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ืงื™ืœืกื˜ ืžื™ืš... 


ื”ืึธืกื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื”ื•ื˜ ืžื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืœืฒึทื‘ ื‘ืึทื ืฒื˜ 
ื•ื™ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืงืœื™ื™ื“, 

ื‘ืึทื ืฒื˜ ืžื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทื–ืฑืžื˜ ืžื™ืš, 

ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึธื“ืขืจืŸ ืึทืจื•ืžื’ืขืฆืฑืžื˜ ืžื™ืš. 


ืžื™ื˜ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืš ื‘ืึทืฉืึธื ืงืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื ืึธื“ -- 
ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขื”ืึทื˜ ื“ืึธืš, ืึธืคึผื’ืขื”ื™ื˜ ืฉื˜ืึทืจืง ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืึธื˜. 


ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืึทืœืฅ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฅ ื‘ืฒึท ื“ื™ืจ ื‘ืึทื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ - 
ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜ - ื“ื• ื˜ื•ืกื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ืคืึทืจืฐืึทืœื˜ืŸ... 


ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื ื“ื™ืง ืื™ืš - ื“ื• ื•ื•ืขืกื˜ ืขืก ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขื“ืขื ืงืขืŸ, 
ื“ื• ื•ื•ืขืกื˜ ื“ื™ ื–ื™ื ื“ ืžื™ืจ ืžืฒึทื ืข ื“ืึธืš ื ื™ื˜ ืฉืขื ืงืขืŸ.. 


ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ - 

ืึทื– ืึธืš ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ ืžื™ืจ! 

ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜ - 

ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ ื ื™ื˜ ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ! 
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ื–ืึทื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืฉืึทื ื“ - ื›'ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ 
ื ื™ื˜ ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืžืขืจ... ื–ืข, ื–ืข ืžืฒึทืŸ ืขืœื ื˜! 


ืื•ืŸ ื’ื™ื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ ืึท ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ื–ื™ืš - 
ืคืึทื ื’ืกื˜ื• ื•ื™ ืึท ืœื™ื™ื‘ ืžื™ืš... 

ืื•ืŸ ืฐื™ ื“ื• ื•ื•ื™ืœืกื˜ - 

ื“ื• ืฉืคึผื™ืœืกื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื–ื™ืš, ืฉืคึผื™ืœืกื˜... 


ื‘ืึทื ืฒึทืกื˜ ืึทืœืฅ ืงืขื’ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื“ื™ ืขื“ื•ืช 
ื“ืฒึทื ืข ืžืขืจืขืจ, 

ืื•ืŸ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืฆืึธืจืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืึท ืžืึธืœ 

ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืขืจ... 

ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื–ื™ื™, ื–ื™ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข 

ืžื™ืจ ืฆื• ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ... 

ืึทื–ืฑ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืึทื–ืฑ ืื•ื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ - 
ืึธืŸ ืึท ืฆืึธืœ! 


ืฆื• ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฉืข ื”ืึธืกื˜ื• ืžื™ืš ืึทืจืฑืกื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื’ืึธืจ 
ืคื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืžืึทืžืขืก ื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜? 

ื›'ืฐื•ืึธืœื˜ ืืฑืกื’ืขื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ 

ื•ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ, ืฐื™ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื“ืึทื›ื˜... - 


ื•ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื–ืŸ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืื™ืš ื–ืฒึทืŸ, 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื™ื ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื“ ืื™ืŸ ืงื‘ืจ ื’ืœื™ึทื™ืš ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ. 


ืขื ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืข ื˜ืขื’ ื“ืึธืš ืงื ืึทืคึผืข, 
ืงืึทืจื’ืข, 

ืœืึธื– ืึธืคึผ ืžื™ืš - 

ืื•ืŸ ื›'ืฐืขืœ ืึท ื‘ื™ืกืขืœืข ื–ื™ืš ืฉื˜ืึทืจืงืŸ. 


ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ื ืึธืš ืื™ืš ื’ื™ื™ ืื•ืŸ ืงืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื ื–ื™ืš 
ืื™ืŸ ืœืึทื ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจื ื™ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ืฉืึธื˜ื ืก ืฉื˜ื•ืžืข... 


575 


ื›ื‘) ืื™ืŸ ืœืึทื ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจื ื™ืฉ ื•ื™ ื—ื•ืฉืš ื˜ื•ื ืงืœ, 
ืฉืึธื˜ื ืก ื ื™ื˜ ืงืœืึธืจ, 
ืื•ืŸ ืึธืŸ ืึท ืกื“ืจ ื’ืึธืจ - 
ืื•ืŸ ื•ื™ ืึท ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจื ื™ืฉ ืื™ื– ืื™ืจ ื’ืขืคื™ื ืงืœ. 


ืฆื•ืคืจ: (ืจืฒึทืกื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืึธืจื˜, ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขืจืขื’ื˜) 
(ืคึผ' = ื™"ื.) 
ื‘) ืœืึธื– ื’ืขืžืึทืš! 


ืฆื™ ืฐืฒึทืœ ื“ื• ืจืขื“ืกื˜ ืึท ืกืš, 
ืœืึธื–ืกื˜ ืคืึทืœืŸ ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืคื™ืœ - 
ืฐืขืœ ืื™ืš ื‘ืœืฒึทื™ื‘ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืœ? 

ืื•ืŸ ืฉื™ื˜ืกื˜ื• ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืžื•ื™ืœ 

ืึท ืงื ื•ื™ืœ 

ืคื•ืŸ ืคืฒึทื™ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืขืš - 
ื‘ื™ืกื˜ื• ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜? 


2 ืึทืœืฅ ืืฑืกื’ืขื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืข ื–ืึทื›ืŸ 
ืึท ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืœืขื›ืขืจ, ืึท ืฉื˜ืขืจื‘ืœืขื›ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ ืœืึทื›ืŸ, 
ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืฆื• ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ืžืึทื›ืŸ! 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ื• -- ื“ื• ืฉืคึผืึธื˜ืกื˜, 
ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืžืึธื ื˜ ื ื™ื˜, ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜, ื“ื™ ืงืจื™ื•ื•ื“ืข ื’ืึธื˜ืก! 


ื“ ื“ื• ื”ืึทืœื˜ืกื˜ ื ืึธืจ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืœื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึทืœืฒืŸ; 
ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืจื™ื™ืŸ! 
ืื•ืŸ ืงืœืึธืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืฒึทื ืข ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืงืœืึธืจ 
ื‘ื™ื– ื’ืึธืจ! 


ื”) ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื’ืึธื˜, ืขืš - ืขืš, 
ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจ ืคืึทืจืคื™ืจื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืžื™ืจ, ื™ืขืฆื˜ ืึท ื’ืขืฉืคึผืจืขืš, 
ืขืจ ืขืคื ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืœืขืคืฆืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข 


576 


0 


6 


ื—) 


ื˜) 


6 


ื™ื) 


ื™ื‘) 


ืื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืึธืŸ ื˜ืขื ื”ืŸ - 


ืึทืš ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจ ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื“ื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืก 
ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจื‘ืึธืจื’ืขื ืข ื’ืจื•ื™ืก 

ืคื•ืŸ ื—ื›ืžื”, 

ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืš ืžืขืจ -- 

ื“ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ-- 

ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึท ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ 

ืึทื– ื’ืึธื˜ ืžืึทื›ื˜ 

ืคืึทืจื’ืขืกืŸ ื“ื™ืจ, ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืฒึทื ืข ื–ื™ื ื“, ืึท ืกืš... 


ืฆื™ ื’ืขืคื™ื ืกื˜ื• ื“ืขืŸ ื’ืึธื˜ืก ื˜ื™ืคืŸ ื–ื™ื ืขืŸ? 
ืฆื™ ืงืขื ืกื˜ื• ื’ืึธืจ ื“ืขื ืขื ื“ื’ืขื“ืึทื ืง ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ? 


ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื™ืžืœืขืŸ -- ืฐืึธืก ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืกื˜ื•? 
ื˜ื™ืคืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืขืจื“ -- ืฐืึธืก ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ื•? 


ืœืขื ื’ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืงืœื™ื™ื“ ื“ื™ ืืฑืกื’ืขืฉืคึผืจืฒื˜ืข, 
ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืข. 


ืงื•ื™ื ืฉื•ื•ืขื‘ื˜ ืขืจ ื ืึธืจ ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื™, 

ื’ื™ื˜ ืึธืคึผ ื“ืขื ื’ื•ืจืœ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืื•ืŸ ื ืขืžื˜ ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืฃ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื‘ืึทืœื“ 
ืื•ื™ืฃ ืก'ื ืฒึทื™ - 

ื•ื•ืขืจ ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืื™ื: ื”ืึทืœื˜! 


ืฐืฒึทืœ ืขืจ, ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื’ื ืขืจื™ืฉืข ืœืฒึทื˜, 

ืขืจ ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™, 

ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ืžื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจืฉืฒึทื˜ - 
ืื•ืŸ ืฐื™ ืจ'ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ื–ื™... 


ืื•ืŸ ืึท ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืึท ืœืฒึทื›ื˜ื–ื™ืŸ 
ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื”ืึทืจืฅ ื‘ืึทืจืฒึทื›ืขืจื˜ 


577 


ื™ื’) 


ื™ื“) 


ื˜ื•) 


ื˜ื–) 


ื™ืฉ 


ื™ื—) 


ื™ื˜) 


ืจ'ืžืขื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ืจืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืึท ื‘ื™ื™ื–ืขืจ, 
ืคืึทืจื•ื•ื™ืœื“ืขื•ื•ืขื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื™ื–ืœ... 


ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธืกื˜ื• ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฆืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื’ืจื™ื™ื˜, 
ืฆื• ืื™ื ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื ื“ื˜, 

ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธืกื˜ ืืฑืกื’ืขืฉืคึผืจืฒื˜ 

ืฆื• ืื™ื ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜. 


ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืžืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื•ื’ืขืงืœืขืคึผื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื™ืจ -- 
ื“ืขืจืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ืขืก ืฉื ืขืœ-ืฉื ืขืœ 

ืื•ืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืึธื ืงืœืึทืคึผืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื˜ื™ืจ, 
ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื•ื™ื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืฆืขืœื˜! 


ื“ื• ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืกื˜ ื“ืึทืŸ ืก'ืคึผื ื™ืก ืคืจืฒึทื™, ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื”ืขืœ ืื•ื™ืฃ -- 

ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืึธืŸ ืึท ืคืขืœืขืจ! 

ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืฐื™ ืึท ืฉื˜ืึธืœ - ืืฑืกื’ืขื’ืึธืกืŸ ืึทืœืฅ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ืจ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขื, 
ื”ืึธืกื˜ ืžื•ืจื ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจ ืงื™ื™ื ืขื. 


ื•ื•ืขืกื˜ ืคืึทืจื’ืขืกืŸ ืึทืœืข ื“ืฒึทื ืข, ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจื“ืจืึธืกืŸ, 
ื ื™ื˜ ืžืขืจ ื’ืขื“ืขื ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™, ืฐื™ ืฐืึทืกืขืจ ืœืึทื ื’ ืคืึทืฑืคืœืึธืกืŸ... 


ืœื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ื ืึธืš ื•ื™ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’ ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก, 
ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื“ื™ืจ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ืคืึทืจืœื•ื™ื›ื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืฉืฒื™ึทืŸ, 
ื•ื•ืขืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจื ื™ืฉ ืึทืจืฑืก, 

ื“ื• ื•ืขืกื˜ ืฐื™ ื“ืขืจ ืคืจื™ืžืึธืจื’ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ. 


ื•ื•ืขืกื˜ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืกื˜ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื”ืึธืคืŸ, 
ื•ื•ืขืกื˜ ื’ืจืึธื‘ืŸ ืึทืจื•ื ื–ื™ืš, ื‘ืึทืจื•ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืฉืœืึธืคืŸ... 


ื•ื•ืขืกื˜ ืœื™ื’ืŸ... ืก'ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ 
ื“ื™ืจ, ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขืœืขื’ืขืจ, 
ืื•ืŸ ืžืขื ื’ืŸ ืฐืขืœืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืขื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื™ืจ ื–ื™ืš ืงืขืจืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ืจ ื–ื™ืš ืคืจืขื’ืŸ... 
578 


ื›) 


ืื™ื•ื‘: 


ื‘) 


ื’) 


ื“) 


ืื•ืŸ ืก'ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืื•ื™ืกืจื™ื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืจืฉืขื™ื 
ืื•ืŸ ืฆืขืจื™ื ืขืŸ, 


ืžืขืŸ ื–ื•ื›ื˜ ืึทืŸ ืึธืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืฆื• ืึทื ื˜ืœืฑืคืŸ - ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ืึธ ืื™ื, 


ื–ื™ื™ ื–ื•ื›ืŸ ืื™ื ืื•ืŸ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื”ืึธืคืขื ื•ื ื’ ืื•ื™ืš - 
ืึทืŸ ืืฑืกื’ืขื‘ืœืึธื–ืขื ืขืจ ืึท ื”ื•ื™ืš! 


(ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืึธืคึผ ืฉื˜ืึธืœืฅ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืึธืจื˜) 


(ืคึผ' ื ื™"ื‘.) 


ื™ืึธ ืื™ืจ! ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืคืึธืœืง, ื“ืึธืก ืฐืึธืจืข, 
ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธืคึผ! 

ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืืฒึทืš, ืึท ืกื‘ืจื”, 

ืฉื˜ืึทืจื‘ื˜ ื“ื™ ื—ื›ืžื” ืึธืคึผ! 


ืื™ืš ืื•ื™ืš, ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืึท ื”ืึทืจืฅ ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ืจ 
ืึทื–ืฑ ื•ื™ ืื™ืจ, 

ื•ื™ ืื™ืจ ืึท ืงืึธืคึผ, 

ืื™ืš ืคืึทืœ ื‘ืฒึท ื–ื™ืš, ืึธ, ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจื’ืœืฒึทืš 
ืžื™ื˜ ืืฒึทืš 

ื—ืœื™ืœื”, ื ื™ื˜ ืึทืจืึธืคึผ... 

ื’ืึธื˜ ื‘ืึทื”ื™ื˜! 

ื•ื•ืขืจ ืื•ืžืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืก ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜, 

ืคืึทืจืžืึธื’ื˜ 

ืึทื–ืขืœื›ืขืก ื ื™ื˜? 


ื ื• ื™ืึธ, ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขืก ื“ืขืจ 

ืฐืึธืก ื›'ื•ื•ืขืจ 

ืื•ืกื’ืขืœืึทื›ื˜ ื“ืึธ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ 

ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืขื ืึท ืคืจื™ื™ื ื“, 

ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืš ืฉืจืฒึท ืฆื• ื’ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืœืฒึทื“ืŸ ืึธืŸ ืึท ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ; 


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ืึธ, ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ ืžื™ืจ! 
ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื˜ ืึธืคึผ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื’ืขืœืขื›ื˜ืขืจ . 
ืึท ืฆื“ื™ืง ืžื™ืจ, ืึท ืคืจื•ืžืขืจ, ืึท ื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜ืขืจ! 


ืึธ ื™ืึธ, ื“ืขื ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืงืœืขื›ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉืžืึทื›ื˜ืŸ 

ืงื•ืžื˜ ืคืึทืจืึทื›ื˜ื•ื ื’!... 

ืขืก ืคืึทืจืึทื›ื˜ ื“ืึธืš ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื“ืึทื ืงืขืŸ-ื–ื™ื›ืขืจืขืจ ื“ื™ ืึทืœืข 
ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ืึธื˜, ื‘ืฒึทื™ื ืคืึทืœืŸ... 


ืจื•ื™ืง ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฆืขืœื˜ืŸ ืึทืœื™ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึทืจืขืฐื™ื›ืขืจ, 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืึธื˜-ื“ืขืจืฆืขืจ'ื ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ, 

ืึทืœืข ื–ื™ื™ ื‘ืฒึทื ืึทื ื“ - 

ื•ื™ ื–ื™ื™ ืฐืึธืœื˜ืŸ ื’ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื”ืึทื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื”ืึทื ื˜... 


ื“ื• ืคืจืขื’ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ื”ืžื”, ื–ื™ ืฐืขื˜ ื“ื™ืš ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ, 
ื“ืขื ืคื•ื™ื’ืœ ืคืจืขื’ - ืขืจ ื•ืขื˜ ื“ื™ืจ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืžืขืจ ื ืึธืš! 


ืก'ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืงืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืจ'ืขืจื“ ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื“ื™ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืฅ ื“ืขื ื˜ืขื, 
ืขื ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœืŸ ื“ื™ืจ'ืก ื“ื™ ืคื™ืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื. 

ื•ื•ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก ืขืก ื“ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜, ืึทื– ื“ืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ 

ื‘ืึทืฉืึทืคืŸ ื“ืึธ ื“ื™ ื”ืึทื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืึธื˜? 


ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืึธืจ ื“ืึธืก ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื”ืึทื ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจืึทืŸ, 
ื•ื™ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืขืจ ื’ืฒึทืกื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืœืฒึทื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืžืึทืŸ. 


ืึทืŸ ืื•ืขืจ ืงืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืึทืžื‘ืขืกื˜ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ื’ื•ืžืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื“ืขื ื˜ืขื ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืข ืžื™ื ื™ ืขืกื ืก, 


ื“ื™ ื—ื›ืžื” ืื™ื– ื‘ืฒึท ืึทืœื˜ืขื˜ืฉืงืข, ืึทื™ืึธ? 
ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืฒึท ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขื ืข ืื™ืŸ ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ืขื ื“'ื ื™ืฉ ื“ืึธ... 


ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื ืึธืจ ื‘ืฒึท ืื™ื ืื™ื– ื—ื›ืžื” ื“ืึธ ืื•ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ืจื”, 
ื‘ืฒึทื™ ืื™ื, ื‘ืฒึท ืื™ื ืื™ื– ืขืฆื” ืžื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ืึทื ื“ ื’ืขืคื•ืจืขืžื˜... 


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ืขืจ ื˜ื•ื˜ ืฆืขืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ - 
ืื•ืŸ ืก'ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืฐืขืจืŸ! 
ืขืจ ืฉืœื™ืกื˜ ืขืก ืื™ื™ื ืขื ืืฒึทืŸ - 

ืขืจ ืฐืขื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืžืขืจืขืจ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืฒื™ืŸ! 


ืฐืึทืกืขืจืŸ ืคืึทืจื”ืึทืœื˜ ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื˜ืจื™ืง'ื ืขืŸ ืื•ืก, 
ืขืจ ืœืึธื–ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืจื˜ - 

ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื‘ืขืจืงืขืจืขื ื™ืฉ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืจ'ืขืจื“ 

ืื™ื– ื’ืจื•ื™ืก, ืื™ื– ื’ืจื•ื™ืก, 


ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืžืึทื›ื˜, ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืื•ื™ืš ื“ื™ ืœืขืจืข - 
ืื™ื ื’ืขื”ืขืจืŸ 

ืึทืœืข, ืึทืœืข ื›ึผื•ื—ื•ืช, 

ื“ืขืจ ืคืึทืจืคื™ืจื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึทืจืคื™ืจืขืจ ืื•ื™ื›ืขื˜. 


ื˜ื™ืคืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ื˜ื™ืฃ ืื•ืŸ ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจื ื™ืฉ ืึทื ื˜ืคึผืœืขืงื˜ืขืจ, 
ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ -- ืคื•ืŸ ื ืึทื›ื˜-ืฉืึธื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฉืจืขืงืŸ, 


ืจ'ืœืึธื–ื˜ ืคืขืœืงืขืจ ืฐืึทืงืกืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก - 

ืื•ืŸ ืจืึธื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ืื•ื™ืก.., 

ืจ'ืœืึธื–ื˜ ื’ืขื“ืฒึทืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™, ืคืึทืจื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ ื–ึดื™ื™! 
ืคื™ืจื˜ ืึท ื•ื•ืขื’ ื–ื™ื™, ื”ืขื˜... ืฆืขืฉืคึผืจืฒื˜ ื–ื™ 


ื˜ื•ื˜ ืึธืคึผ ื“ืึธืก ื”ืึทืจืฅ, ื ืขืžื˜ ืึธืคึผ ื“ื™ ื”ืึทื ื˜ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืœื˜ืกื˜ืข, ื‘ืฒึท ื“ื™ ืืฒึทื ืฐืฑื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืœืึทื ื“ -- 
ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ ืคืึทืจืคื™ืจืŸ ื–ื™ื™, ืื•ืŸ ืคื™ืจืŸ ื–ื™ ืึทืฐืขืง 
ืื™ืŸ ืฐื™ืกื˜ืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ืฐืฒึทื˜ ืึธืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’, ืึธืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื’, 


(ืคึผ' = ื™"ื‘.) 


ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืึทืœืฅ, ืึทืœืฅ ืฐืึธืก ืคืึทืจืึทื ืขืŸ 
ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืจ'ืขืจื“, 
ืžืฒึทืŸ ืื•ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜'ืก ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ - 


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ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜'ืก ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ืึทื ืขืŸ... 


ื›'ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงืœื•ื’ ืึทื–ืฑ ื•ื™ ืื™ืจ! 

ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ืš, ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก ืขืก ืงืœืึธืจ 

ืฐืึธืก ืขืก ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกืŸ ืึทืœืข ืึทืจื•ื ืžื™ืจ - 

ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืืฒึทืš ื ื™ื˜ ืงืœืขื ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ื”ืึธืจ! 


ืื™ืš ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืฆื• ื’ืึธื˜ ืฆื• ืžืฒึทื ืขื ืจืขื“ืŸ ืึธืคืŸ, 
ื›'ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืงืœืึธื’ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื, ืžื™ื˜ ืจื™ื™ื“ ืื™ื ืฉื˜ืจืึธืคืŸ! 


ืื™ืจ ืึทืœืข ืึธื‘ืขืจ - ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ ืคืึทืœืฉืข ืžื•ื˜ืœืขืจ, 
ื”ื™ื™ืœืขืจ ื ืึทืจื™ืฉืข, ื ื™ื˜ ื’ื•ื˜ืข... 


ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืฉื˜ื•ืžืขืŸ, 

ืึท ืžื•ื™ืœ ืžื™ื˜ ืฐืึทืกืขืจ ืึธื ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ, 

ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืจ ื˜ื•ื˜ ืึท ื–ืึธื’ ืฆื• ื–ื™ืš: ื’ืขื ื•ื’ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ! 

ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืขืก ืืฒึทืขืจืข ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืจืขืกื˜ืข ืงืœื•ื’ืฉืึทืคื˜! 


ื”ืขืจื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืจืึธืคึผืจืฒื™ื“ ืžืฒึทื ืข - 
ืื•ืŸ ืฉืขืžื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืคืึทืจืฉืขืžื˜, 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขื ื•ืช 

ืคื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืข ืœืขืคืฆืŸ ื˜ืจื•ืงืขื ืข ืคืึทืจื ืขื›ื˜: 


ืฆื™ ื•ื•ื™ืœื˜ ืื™ืจ ื’ืึธื˜ ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘, ืžื™ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื–ื™ืš ืงืจื™ื’ืŸ? 
ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืœื™ื’ืŸ? 


ืื™ืจ ืฉื•ื™ื ื˜ ืึทื–ืฑ ืื™ื - ื›'ืงืึธืŸ ืืฒึทืš! 
ืื™ืจ ื ืขืžื˜ ืคืึทืจ ืื™ื ื–ื™ืš ืึธืŸ ืขืก! 


ืฆื™ ื•ื•ื™ืœ ื“ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืืฒึทืš ื•ื•ืขืจ 
ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื ืฐื•ืขืจืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ืคืึทืจื”ืขืจ? 


582 


ืฆื™ ื’ืึธืจ ืฐื™ ืื™ืจ ืœืึทื›ื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ืึท ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืึท ื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜ื™ืงืŸ, 
ืœืึทื›ื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ืื™ืจ ื“ืขื ืึทืœืžืขื›ื˜ื™ืงืŸ? 


0( ืขืจ ืฐืขื˜ ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจ ืืฒึทืš ืฉื˜ืจืึธืคืŸ! 
ืื•ื™ื‘ ืก'ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื’ืขื”ื™ื™ื ืืฒึทื™ืš ืœื•ื™ื ืขืŸ 
ืขืžืขืฆืŸ ืฆื• ืฉื•ื™ื ืขืŸ... 
ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืœื™ื‘ ืึท ื”ืึทืจืฅ ืึทื– ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึธืคืŸ! 


ื™ื) ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉื˜ืึธืœืฅ ืฐืขื˜ ืึธื ืฐืึทืจืคืŸ ืึท ืžื•ืจื ืื•ื™ืฃ ืืฒึทืš ืึทืœืข, 
ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคึผื—ื“ ืฐืขื˜ ืืฒึทื™ืš ื‘ื™ื™ื– ื‘ืึทืคึผืึทืœืŸ... 


ื™ื‘) ื“ื™ ื’ืขื“ืขื›ืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ืืฒึทืขืจืข ื•ื™ ืึทืฉ, 
ื ื™ืฉื˜ื™ืงืข ื’ืึธืจ ื•ื•ืขืจืง, 
ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื“ืขื ื’ืจืึธื‘ืŸ ื—ื•ืžืจ ืืฒึทืขืจืŸ ืึทื–ืฉ, 
ื“ื™ ื’ืจืึธื‘ืข ืงืขืจืง! 


ื™ื’) ืฉืฐืฒื™ื’ื˜, ืฉืฐืฒึทื’ื˜! ืœืึธื–ื˜ ืžื™ืš! 
ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ ืจืขื“ืŸ, ืื™ืš - 
ืึธืคืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ืœ - 
ืžืขื’ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืขืก ืฐื™ืœ! 


ื™ื“) ืฆื• ืฐืึธืก ื–ืึธืœ ืื™ืš ืžืฒึทื™ืŸ ืœืฒึทื‘ ืื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื™ื™ืŸ - 
ืฆื• ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืŸ ืฆืขืจ 
ื–ื™ ื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื ืื™ืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืข ืฆื™ื™ืŸ? 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื ืคืฉ ืžืฒึทื ืขื ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขืคืึทืจ? 


ื˜ื•) ืขืจ ื˜ื•ื˜ ืžื™ืš, ื™ืึธ! ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื˜ื•ื˜ - ืคึผืฒึทืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก = 
ืงื•ืง ืื™ืš ืื™ื ืื•ื™ืก! 
ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืข ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืื•ืคืŸ 
ืคื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ - ืฐืฒึทื– ืื™ืš ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ื... 


ื˜ื–) ืขืจ ืฐืขื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ื”ืขืœืคืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืื™ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฆืขืจ, ืื™ืŸ ื˜ื™ืคืŸ - 
ืฐืฒึทืœ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืฒื™ื ื˜ ื—ื ื™ืคื”! | 


583 


ื™ 


ื™ื—) 


ื™ื˜) 


ื›) 


ื›ื) 


ื›ื‘) 


ื›ื’) 


ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ื”ืขืจื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื, 
ื”ืขืจื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืš ื–ืึธื’, 
ื”ืขืจื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืงืœืึธืจืข ื•ื™ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’: 


ืื™ืš, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืš ืจื•ืฃ ืฆื•ื ืžืฉืคึผื˜ ืื™ื - 
ืื•ืŸ ืคืึธื“ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืคื•ืœืŸ ืžื•ื™ืœ 

ืžืฒึทืŸ ืจืขื›ื˜ -- 

ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก ืขืก ืฐื•ื™ืœ: 

ืึทื– ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜! 


ืึทืš! ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก ื’ืขื ื•ื™, 
ื•ื•ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืขืจ ืขืก, ืฐืึธืก ื˜ื•ื˜ ืึทื–ืฑ 
ืžื™ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื–ื™ืš ืงืจื™ื’ืŸ? 

ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ืœ, ืึทืšึฐ, ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ืœ 
ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ -- ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืื™ืš ื’ืขืฉื•ื•ื™ื’ืŸ 

ืื•ืŸ ืืฑื™ืกื’ืขื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืœ.., 


(ืฆื•ื ื”ื™ืžืœ) 


ื ืึธืจ ื“ื• - ื ื™ื˜ ืฉืœืึธื’ ืžื™ืš ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ืคืึทืš, 
ืžื™ื˜ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื’ืขืฐืึทืœื˜ืŸ! 

ืื™ื– ืฐื•ึผ ืึทื ื˜ืœืฑืฃ ืื™ืš? 

ื•ื•ื• ื–ืึธืœ ืื™ืš ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืึทื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ? 


ื˜ื• ืึธืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ -- ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื”ืึทื ื˜, ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฉื˜ืจืขืงื˜ืข, 
ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืฐืึทืจืฃ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืžื™ืจ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืจืขืง ืึธืŸ 


ื“ื• ืจื•ืฃ ืžื™ืจ, ืจื•ืฃ! ืื™ืš ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ ื“ื™ืจ, ื–ืึธื’ ืฐื•ึผ? 
ืฆื™ ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ ืจืขื“ืŸ ื’ืึธืจ ืื•ืŸ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ ื“ื•ื™ 


ื“ื• ื–ืึธื’ ื“ื™ ืฆืึธืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืข ื–ื™ื ื“ ืžื™ืจ? 
ื•ื•ื™ืคืœ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™? ื–ืึธื’, ื•ื•ื™ื™ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื ื“ ืžื™ืจ... 
ื ืขื ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทืจืขื›ืŸ 

284 


ื›ื“) 


ื›ื”) 


ื›ื•) 


ื›ื–) 


ื›ื—) 


ืชึผืžื ืข: 


ืืœื™ืคืŸ 
ื‘ืœื“ื“ 
ืฆื•ืคืจ 


ืืœื™ืคื–; 


ื‘ืœื“ื“; 


ืฆื•ืคืจ: 


ืืœื™ืคื–; 


ืึทืœืข ืžืฒึทื ืข ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจื‘ืจืขื›ืŸ, 
ืฐืึธืก ืœืึทืกื˜ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ - 
ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืขืก ื•ืฑืกืŸ! 


ืคืึทืจ ืฐืึธืก ื‘ืึทื”ืึทืœื˜ืกื˜ื•, ื–ืึธื’, ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืคึผื ื™ื ืงืœืึธืจ? 
ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทื˜ืจืึทื›ืกื˜ ืžื™ืš ืคืึทืจ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืฉื‚ื•ื ื ื’ืึธืจ? 


ืฆื™ ื•ื•ืขืกื˜ื• ื“ืขืŸ ืึท ื‘ืœืึทื˜ ืึทืŸ ืึทืจืึธืคึผื’ืขืœืึธื–ืขื ืขื ืฆืขืคืœื™ืงืŸ? 
ืื•ืŸ ื™ืึธื’ืŸ ื ืึธืš ืึท ืฉื˜ืจื•ื™ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื˜ืจื™ืงื ื˜? 


ืึทื– ื“ื• ืคืึทืจืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืกื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื‘ื™ื˜ืขืจืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืึธืŸ ืึท ืฉืจืขืง! 
ืœืึธื–ืกื˜ ืึท ื™ืจื•ืฉื” ืžื™ืจ ื—ื˜ืื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื•ื ื’ืข ืžืฒึทื ืข ื˜ืขื’... 


ื–ืขืฆืกื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืงืœืึธืฅ ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ ื“ื™ ืคื™ืก ืžื™ืจ, 
ื‘ืึทืฐืึทื›ืกื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืžื™ืจ, ืื•ื™ืฃ ื•ื•ื™ืกื˜ืข - 
ืื•ืžื‘ืึทืฐื•ึผืกื˜ืข 

ื–ื•ื›ืกื˜ื• ืžืฒึทื ืข ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืคื•ืกื˜ืจื™ื˜... 


ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ืึทืœืฒืŸ ืคืึทืจืฐื•ืขืœืงื˜ ื“ืึธืš, ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืคืึทืจื’ืขืกืŸ, 
ื•ื™ ืึท ื‘ื’ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึธืœืŸ ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขื’ืขืกืŸ... 


(ืื™ื•ื‘ ืœืึธื–ื˜ ื˜ื™ืฃ ืึทืจืึธืคึผ ื“ืขื ืงืึธืคึผ, ื•ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืฉืœืึธืฃ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ืงืขืŸ. ืœืขื ื’ืขืจืข ืคึผืฑื–ืข) 


(ืขืคื ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืงื™ืš, ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืืฒึทื ื’ืึทื ื’) 
(ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืจื˜ืขืจ) 


ื“ื™ ืฉื›ื ื” ื“ืฒึทื ืข... ืื™ื•ื‘, 

ืงื•ืง ืึธืŸ ื–ืฒ 

ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืงืึธืŸ ื–ื™ - 

ืขืจ ืงืึธืŸ ื–ื™ ื ืึธืš ืคื•ืŸ ืคืจื™ึดืขืจ.., 
(ื•ื•ื™ื ืงื˜ ืคื™ืœื“ืฒื™ื˜ื™ืง) 

ื™ืึธ... ืคื•ืŸ ืคืจื™ึดืขืจ! 

ื ื™ื™ืŸ! 


585 


ื‘ืœื“ื“; 
ืฆื•ืคืจ; 


ืืœื™ืคื–; 
ื‘ืœื“ื“; 


ืืœื™ืคื–; 
ื‘ืœื“ื“; 


ืฆื•ืคืจ:; 
ืืœื™ืคืŸ; 


ื 
ืฆื•ืคืจ 


ืืœื™ืคื–; 


ืื™ืš ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขืฉื•ื•ื•ื™ืจืŸ... 

ืฉืฐื•ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜... ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ืฉื™ื™ืŸ! 

ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ืฆืจ-ื”ืจืข - 

ื˜ืึธืจืขื˜, ื˜ืึธืจืขื˜... 

ื ื™ื™ืŸ! 

ืคืึทืจ ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฉืข ื ื™ื™ืŸ? 

ืื™ืš ืžื™ื™ืŸ, ืคืึทืจืงืขืจื˜... ืื™ืš ืžื™ื™ืŸ -- (ืึทื ื˜ืฆื™ืงื˜) 
ืงื•ืงื˜ ืึธืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืงืกืข, 

ื–ืขื˜: 

ื–'ืื™ื– ืžืœื-ื—ืŸ! 

ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืงืกื™ืง, 

ื ื™ื˜ ืžืึธื’ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืขื˜ - 

ืึทืงื•ืจืึทื˜! 

ืื™ืš ืึทืœื™ืŸ 

ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขืจืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืึทื–ืึท ื’ืขื”ืึทื˜. 
ื ื™ื™ืŸ! ื ื™ื™ืŸ! 

ืคืึทืจ ืฐืึธืก? 

ื“ื• ืงืขื ืกื˜ ื’ืึธืจ ื“ืขื ื’ืขื“ืึทื ืง 

ืฆื• ื–ื™ืš ืก'ืžืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจืœืึธื–ืŸ? 

ื“ืขืจืœืึธื–! 

ื ื™ื˜ ืึทืœืข ืžืึธืœ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ื– ืื™ื•ื‘ ืงืจืึทื ืง, 
ืจ'ืื™ื– ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื ื–ื™ืจ.., 
ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืขื”ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื˜ืึทืงืข... 

ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืœืึทืงืจื™ืฅ... 

(ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขืจืขื’ื˜) 

ื–ื™! ื–ื™ื™ ืื™ืš ืžื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืึธืจ ื–ื™!... 


ื•ื•ื™? 


ืื™ืจ ืจืขื“ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื’ืึธืจ! 

ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš -- ืื™ืš ืจืขื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ, 
ืคื•ืŸ ืชึผืžื ืขืŸ... 

ืขืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ, ื™ืึธ... 
ืจ'ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืฐืขืœืŸ ืึธืŸ ืึท ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ, 


286 


ื‘ืœื“ื“ 
ืฆื•ืคืจ 
ืืœื™ืคื–; 


ื‘ืœื“ื“ | 
ืฆื•ืคืจ 


ืืœื™ืคื–; 


ืชึผืžื ืข: 


ืืœื™ืคื–; 


ื‘ืœื“ื“; 
ืฆื•ืคืจ; 
ืชึผืžื ืข: 


ืขืจ, ืื™ื•ื‘ โ€ - 

ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื ื ื•ื’ืข 

ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ ืื™ืš -- 

ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืžื ื™ืขื”... 
ืึธ - 

ืขืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื’ืจืฒึทืœืขืš 

ืึธืคึผื’ืขืจื•ื˜ ืึท ืฐืฒึทืœืข 

ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืฉื•ื™ืก.., 

ืจ'ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืึธืœืฅ - 

ื–ื™ ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ื–ื™ 


ืฐื•ื™? 


ื–ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืฒึท ื–ื™ืš ืึท ื‘ื™ืกืขืœืข ืฆื• ื’ืจื•ื™ืก.., 


ื™ืึธ! 


ื“ 


ื–ืขื˜, ื–ืขื˜, ื•ื™ ืฉื˜ืึธืœืฅ, 

ื•ื™ ืฉื˜ืึธืœืฅ ื–ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ื™ืจ - 

ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ืึท ืฉื˜ืึธืœืฆืข 

ื“ื™ ืžื ื™ืขื” ืื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ! 

ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืคืึทืจื˜ื™ืง ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืžืึธืœืฆืฒึทื˜, 

ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืขืกื˜! 

(ื–ื™ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืฉื•ื•ืขืœ. ืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื–ืฒึทื˜, ื›ึผื“ื™ ืึทื“ื•ืจื›ืœืึธื–ืŸ ื–ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ืš) 
ืขืกื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ืœ ืื•ืŸ ืจืขื“ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื”ื•ื™ืš, 

ืขืจ ืฉืœืึธืคื˜... 

(ืงื•ืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื•ื‘ืŸ) 

ื™ืึธ, ื ืขื‘ืขื›ืงืขืก, ื’ืขืฉื˜ืจืึธืคื˜.., 

ื’ืขืฉื˜ืจืึธืคื˜! 

ื’ืขืฉื˜ืจืึธืคื˜! 

ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืืฑืกื’ืขืฉืคึผืจืฒื˜ ืึท ื˜ื™ืฉื˜ื•ืš ืืฑืคึฟืŸ ื˜ื™ืฉ, 
ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื˜ื™ืฉ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืึท ืคึฟืึทืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืคื™ืฉ, 
ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธืคึผ ืžื™ื˜ ืคืœื™ื™ืฉ ืื™ื– ืื•ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืœื™ื˜, 
ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืœืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉืึทื ืง - 

ื–ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืžื˜ืจื™ื— ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงื™ืš! 


587 


ืืœื™ืคื–; 


ื‘ืœื“ื“: 
ืฆื•ืคืจ; 
ืื™ื•ื‘: 


ืชึผืžื ืข: 


ืื™ื•ื‘; 


ืชึผืžื ืข: 


ืื™ื•ื‘: 


ืชึผืžื ืข: 


ืื™ื•ื‘; 


ืชึผืžื ืข: 


ืื™ื•ื‘; 


ืชึผืžื ืข: 


ืื™ื•ื‘: 


ืชึผืžื ืข: 


ืื™ืจ ื›ืึทืคึผื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ืึธืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืฆื•ื ื™ื•ื™ืš - 

ื–ื™ ื‘ืจื™ื˜, 

ืึท ืœืขืง - ืึท ืคื•ื ืง! 

ืจ'ืงืึธื ื˜ ืึธืคึผื‘ืจื™ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื ื’, 

ืก'ืงืึธืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ ื˜ืึธืŸ ืืฒึทืš ื“ืขืจ ื‘ื•ื™ืš... 

ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืขืกืŸ, ืขืกื˜! 

ืขืกื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ืœ ืื•ืŸ ืจืขื“ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื”ื•ื™ืš - 

ืึท ื“ืึทื ืง! (ืึธืคึผ ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ืš) 

ืึท ื“ืึทื ืง! (ืึธืคึผ ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ืš) 

ืึท ื“ืึทื ืง ืึธืคึผ ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ืš ื ืึธืš ื–ื™ื™) 

(ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืœืึทื ื’ื–ืึทื ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ) 

ืื™ืš ื“ืึทื ืง ื“ื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืš. 

ื ืขืžืกื˜ ืคืจื™ื™ื ื“ืœืขืš ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ื™ื™... ืžืฒึทื ืข ื’ืขืกื˜. 
ื“ื• ื”ืขืจืกื˜? ื–ื™ื™ ืงืœืึทืคึผืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืœืขื•'... (ืคึผื™ื–ืข) 
ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ื˜ ื“ื• ื“ืจื™ืžืœืกื˜ -- 

ื›'ืฐื•ืึธืœื˜ ืฐื•ืขืœืŸ... 

ื’ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืžืœ - 

ืฉืœืึธืคืŸ! ืฉืœืึธืคืŸ! ืฉืœืึธืคืŸ! (ืฆื•ื’ืึธื˜) 

ืžื™ื˜ ืฉื˜ืจื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืœืึธืฃ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื• ืฐืึธืœื˜ืกื˜ ืžื™ืš ื’ืขื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ 
ืฉืœืึธืคืŸ! 

ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื–ืŸ ื˜ืฑื™ื˜! 

ืฐืึธืก ืžืึทื›ืŸ ื“ืฒึทื ืข ืฐื•ึผื ื“ืŸ? 

(ื‘ืึทื˜ืึทืคึผื˜ ื–ื™ืš) 

ืžืฒึทื™ื ืข ืฐื•ึผื ื“ืŸ? 

ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืคืึทืจืฐื•ึผื ื“ืขืจื˜ - 

ื–ื™ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืึทื ื˜ืœืึธืคึฟืŸ... 

ืึท ื ืฒึทืข ื”ื•ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ืจ, ืึท ื ืฒึทืข ื”ื•ื™ื˜! 

ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึทืœื˜ืขืจ ืฐืฒื™ื˜ื™ืง! 

ื™ืขืฆื˜ ื”ืึธืกื˜ื• ืžื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง - 
(ืคึฟืึทืจืฐื•ึผื ื“ืขืจื˜ ืงื•ืงื˜ ื–ื™ ืึธืŸ) 

ื™ืขืฆื˜, ื™ืขืฆื™ื ื“ืขืจ? 

ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืคืึทืจืฐื•ึผื ื“ืขืจื˜ - 

ื“ืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื ืขื›ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืœืข, ืœืฒึทื›ื˜ 


588 


ืื™ื•ื‘: 
ืชึผืžื ืข: 


ืื™ื•ื‘; 
ืชึผืžื ืข: 
ืื™ื•ื‘; 

ืชึผืžื ืข: 


ืื™ื•ื‘; 


ืชึผืžื ืข: 
ืื™ื•ื‘; 


ืชึผืžื ืข: 
ืื™ื•ื‘; 
ืชืžื ืข: 


ืื™ื•ื‘; 


ืฆื• ื“ื™ืจ ืึทืจืฒึทื ื’ืขืฉืœืฒึทื›ื˜.,, 

ืžื™ื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ืœืข ื˜ืจื™ื˜ - 

ืื™ืจ ื–ืึทืœื‘ืข ืคืขืจื˜, 

ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ ื’ืขืฉืœืึธืคืŸ ืžื™ื“, 

ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ืžื™ืš, ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ - 
ื“ื•? 

ืื™ืš, ืื™ืš, 

ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืึทืจืฒึทื ื’ืขืฉืœืฒึทื›ื˜ 

ืœืฒึทื›ื˜, ืœืฒึทื›ื˜, 

ื’ื™ืš ื’ื™ืš... 

ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทื ืขืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ืจ ื•ื™ ื™ืขืฆื˜, 
ื’ืขืฉืžื™ืจื˜ ื“ื™ืจ ื“ืฒึทื ืข ืงืจืขืฅ 

ืžื™ื˜ ืคืขื˜ืก, 

ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืึทืœื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื™ืœ, 

ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืคึผืึทืžืขืœื›ืŸ ื’ืขื”ื™ื™ืœื˜ ื“ื™ืจ, ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื”ื™ื™ืœื˜. 
ื“ื•! 

ื•ื•ึผ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™, ื“ื™ ืฐื•ึผื ื“ืŸ ื“ืฒึทื ืข, ื•ื•ึผ? 
ื“ื•! 

ื“ื• ืฐื•ึผื ื“ืขืจืกื˜ ื–ื™ืš... ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขืžืึทื›ื˜ ืขืก ืฉื˜ื™ืœ, 
ืื™ืš, ืึทื– ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ืœ - 

ื”ืขืจื˜ ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืžื™ืš ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืจ'ืขืจื“.., 
(ืงื•ืงื˜ ืื™ืจ ื’ืขื”ื™ื™ืž'ื ื™ืฉืคื•ืœ ืึธืš) 

ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ -- 

ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜? 

(ื’ืขื”ื™ื™ืž'ื ื™ืฉืคื•ืœ) 

ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ื˜ ืก'ืื™ื– ืชึผืžื ืข... 
(ืœืึธื–ื˜ ืึทืจืึธืคึผ ื“ืขื ืงืึธืคึผ) 

ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชึผืžื ืข.., 

(ื›ืึทืคึผื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืื™ื– ื–ื™ืš ืžื•ื“ื”) 

ื“ื• ืื•ื™ืš, 

ื™ืขื ืข ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ืึธ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ, 

ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜.,, 


(ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืฆื•ื ื”ื™ืžืœ) 


89 


ืชึผืžื ืข:; 


ืื™ื•ื‘: 


ืชึผืžื ืข: 


ืื™ื•ื‘: 


ืชึผืžื ืข: 


ืื™ื•ื‘: 


ืืœื™ืคื– ) 


ื‘ืœื“ื“ 
ืฆื•ืคืจ. 


ืืœื™ืคื–; 


ื‘ืœื“ื“: 
ืฆื•ืคืจ:; 


ืืœื™ืคื–; 


ืึท ืงื ื•ื™ื˜, ื’ืขื‘ืจืขื ื˜ ืึท ืงื ื•ื™ื˜ - 
ืื•ืŸ ืืฑื™ืกื’ืขืœืึธืฉืŸ, 

ืึทืฐืขืง, ืึทืฐืขืงื’ืขื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืจื•ื™ืš. 

(ืงื•ืงื˜ ืึธืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืœืฒึทื‘) 

ืึท ื ืฒึทืข ื”ื•ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ืจ, ืึท ื ืฒึทื™ืข ื”ื•ื™ื˜! 

ื“ืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื’ืขื”ื™ื™ืœื˜ ื“ื™ืจ ื“ืฒึทื ืข ืฐื•ึผื ื“ืŸ, 

ืื™ืš... 

ื–ืข, ื•ื™ ื’ื™ืš 

ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ืจ ืคืึทืจืฉืฐื•ื•ื ื“ืŸ - 

ืึท ื ืฒึทืข ื”ื•ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ืจ, ืึท ื ืฒึทืข ื”ื•ื™ื˜! 

ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืœื˜ืข ืฉืžืึทืจืฆืŸ... (ืฐื™ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื–ื™ืš) 

ืชึผืžื ืข - 

ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ ืึทืจืฒึทื ื“ืจื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ื“ื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฆืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ืžืึทื›ืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื”ืขืœืขืจ - | 
(ื•ื•ื™ ืคืึทืจ ื–ื™ืš) 

ืชึผืžื ืข... 

(ื”ืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืฒื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืงื™ืš) 

ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ืฆื• ืงืœืึทืคึผืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืœืขืจ, 
ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื–ื™ื™ ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ืžืึธืœืฆืฒึทื˜ ืฉื ืขืœ - 
ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขื’ืขืกืŸ ืื™ื ื ืึธืš ืฉื ืขืœืขืจ - 
ืื™ื™ื ื’ืขืฉืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืจ, ื“ื™ ืœืึทื ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ ืคืขืœ. 


(ืึธืคึผ) 
ืชึผืžื ืข... ืœืึธื–ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ืึทืจืึธืคึผ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ) 


(ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืขื’ืขืกืขื ืข, ืคื•ืœืข, ืฐื™ืฉืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ื™ ืฐืึธื ืฆืขืก ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืขืจื“ ืคื•ื ืขื ืจืขืฉื˜ ืขืกืŸ, ื’ื™ื™ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืฉืคึผื™ืฅ 
ืคึฟื™ื ื’ืขืจ ืคึฟืึธืจื–ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืฆื•, ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ืขืจื˜ืขืจ, ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ืึท ืคื™ื ื’ืขืจ ืฆื•ื ืžื•ื™ืœ ืฆื•, ืžืึทื›ื˜ ืื•ื™ืคืžืขืจืงื–ืึทื ื“ืขื 
ืึทื ื“ืขืจืŸ, ืขืจ ื–ืึธืœ ืฉืฐืฒึทื’ืŸ, ื–ืขืฆืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ืขืจื˜ืขืจ) 
ืขืจ ืฉืœืึธืคื˜, ืฉืึท, ืฉืึท! 
ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืึทื– ื–ื™ ื–ื™ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื–ืŸ ื“ืึธ! 
ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืขืก - ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฉืœืึธืคืŸ... 
ื™ืึธ! 
290 


ื‘ืœื“ื“: 
ืฆื•ืคืจ; 


ืืœื™ืคื–: 


ื‘ืœื“ื“; 
ืฆื•ืคืจ; 


ืืœื™ืคื–: 


ื‘ืœื“ื“; 
ืฆื•ืคืจ: 


ืืœื™ืคื–; 


ื‘ืœื“ื“: 
ืฆื•ืคืจ: 


ืืœื™ืคื–; 


ื‘ืœื“ื“; 
ืฆื•ืคืจ:; 


ืืœื™ืคื–; 


ื‘ืœื“ื“; 


ืฆื•ืคืจ; 


ืืœื™ืคื–; 


ื‘ืœื“ื“: 
ืฆื•ืคืจ; 


ื‘ืœื“ื“: 
ืฆื•ืคืจ; 


ืืœื™ืคื–; 


ืขืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืึธืคืŸ... 

ื™ืึธ! 

ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืึท ืคืจื•ื™! 

ืื•ื™, ืื•ื™! 

ืื•-ื•ื•ืึท! 

ืžื™ืจ ืึท ื™ืึธืจ ืึทื–ืึท! 

ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉื˜ืจืึธืคื˜... 

ืขืจ ืฉืœืึธืคึผื˜! ืคึผืฑื–ืข) 

ืขืจ ืฉืœืึธืคื˜...ืฉืึท, ืฉืึท! 

ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜, ืึทื– ื–ื™ ื–ื™ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื–ืŸ ื“ืึธ! 

ืึธื”ืึธ! 

ืฐืึธืก ืึธื”ืึธ? 

ื ื•, ื™ืึธ! 

ื™ืึธ! ื™ืึธ! (ืคึผืฑื–ืข) 

ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ืš ื’ืขื“ืึทื›ื˜ ื–ื™ืš -- (ืฐืฒึทื–ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ื•ื‘ืŸ) 
ืึทื– ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืฐื•ืึทืš ื“ืึธ... 

ืžื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืš... ืฐื™ ื›'ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืŸ 
ืจื™ื™ื“ืŸ... 

ืื™ืš ืื•ื™ืš... ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืจ'ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืึท ืฐืฒึทืœืข 

ื ื™ื˜ ื˜ืฉืึทืžืงืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืžืฒึทืœืขืจ... 

ืื™ืจ ื˜ืฉืึทืžืงืขื˜ ื“ืึธืš ืึท ื’ืจืฑื™ืœ! 

ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื“ืึธืš ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขื˜ืฉืึทืžืงืขื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืžื•ื™ืœ! 
ื™ืึธ, ื“ื• ืื•ื™ืš, 

ืื™ืš ื˜ืึทืงืข ืื•ื™ืš -- 

ื˜ืฉืึทืžืงืขืŸ ืงืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืฉืึทื˜ืŸ 

ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขื˜ืฉืึทืžืงืขื˜ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืึธืจ ื”ื•ื™ืš... 
ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขื”ืึทื˜ ืึท ื”ื ืื” ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื•ื™ืš, 
ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ืจืึธื˜ืŸ - 

ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืฆืขื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืฒึท ืžื™ืจ ืื™ืŸ ืžืฑืœ - 
ื–ื™ ืงืึธื›ื˜ ื’ืึธืจ ื•ื•ื•ื™ืœ... 

ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธื›ืŸ ืฐื™ ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธื›ืŸ - 

ื–ื™ ืึทืœื™ืŸ! 

ืฉื™ื™ืŸ! 


51 


ื ืึธืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืึทื–ืฑ ืื™ืจ ืฉื™ื™ื ืงื™ื™ื˜ ื•ื™ ืื™ืจ ื—ืŸ! 


ื‘ืœื“ื“; ืฐื•ื•ื™ืœ ื“ืขื ืฉื›ืŸ - 
ืฆื•ืคืจ; ืฐืึธืก? 
ืืœื™ืคืฅ; | = (ืฐืฒึทื–ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ื•ื‘ืŸ) 
ืœืึธื–! 
ื‘ืœื“ื“; ืคืึทืจ ืฐืึธืก? 
ื›'ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืจืขื“ืŸ ืื™ื ืึท ืฉื™ื“ื•ืš... 
ืฆื•ืคืจ; (ืฐืฒึทื–ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ื•ื‘ืŸ) 
ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืึธืš! ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืึธืš? 
ืืœื™ืคื–: ืขืจ ืงืขืŸ ื ืึธืš ื”ืขืจืŸ... 
ื‘ืœื“ื“: ื•ื•ืขืจ? 
ืฆื•ืคืจ; ืขืจ... 
ืืœื™ืคืฅ; ืขืจ ืงืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื›ึผืขืก ื ืึธืš ืฐืขืจืŸ! 


ืขืจ ืงืขืŸ ื ืึธืš ืฉืจืฒึทืขืŸ: ื ื™ืื•ืฃ! 
ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืงื•ืœ ืขืจ -- 
ื‘ืœื“ื“; ื–ืึธืœ ืขืจ! 
ืื™ืš ืจืขื“ ืคืจื™ื™, 
ืคืึทืจ ืฐืึธืก ื–ืึธืœ ืขืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ, ืขืจ ืื™ื•ื‘, 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื ื™ื™? 


ืฆื•ืคึผืจ; ืื™ื™! ืื™ื™! 
ืึทืœืข ื“ืจื™ื™: ืืฒึท-ืืฒึท! ืื™ื™-ืื™ื™! 
ืืœื™ืคืฅ; ื™ืึธ, ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื ื™ื™! 
ืื™ื•ื‘; (ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ืงืึธืคึผ) 
ืึทืœืข ื“ืจื™ื™: (ืฆื™ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ืขืจื˜ืขืจ) 
ืื™ื•ื‘; 
(ืค' = ื™"ื“.) 
ื) ืึท ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ, ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืคืจื•ื™, 


ืžื™ื˜ ื˜ืขื’ - ืึทืš, ืงื•ืจืฅ ืึทื–ืฑ! 
ื˜ืขื’ ืึธืŸ ื’ืขื ื•ืก, 
ืื•ืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขื–ืขื˜ื™ืงื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจื“ืจื•ืก... 


292 


ื‘) 


ื’) 


ื“) 


ื”) 


0 


6 


ื—) 


ื•ื™ ืึท ื‘ืœื•ื ืฐืึธืก ืฉืคึผืจืึธืฆื˜ ืึทืจืฑืก - 
ืื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ, ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืก! 

ืึทื ื˜ืœืึธืคืŸ ืฐื™ ืึท ืฉืึธื˜ืŸ, 

ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ, ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึธืจื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉืึธื˜ืŸ... 


ืื•ื™ืš ืึทื–ืขืœื›ืŸ ื”ืึธืกื˜ื• ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืื•ื™ื’, ืœื™ื™ื’ืกื˜ ืึทื›ื˜ - 
ืื•ื™ืš ืžื™ืš ื”ืึธืกื˜ื• ืฆื• ืžืฉืคึผื˜ ื™ืขืฆื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืจืึทื›ื˜... 


ื”ืœื•ื•ืึทื™ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืจื™ื™ื ืขื 
ืึทืจืฑืกื ืขืžืขืŸ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื’ืขืงืขื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ืขื, 
ืึธ ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ื™ื ืขื! 


ื‘ืึทืฉืœืึธืกืขื ืข ืื•ื‘ ืก'ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื˜ืขื’ -- ืฉื•ื™ืŸ, 

ื‘ืฒึท ื“ื™ืจ ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ื˜ ื“ื™ ืฆืึธืœ ื–ื™ืš ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื–ืฒึทื ืข... 
ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ืึทื–ืฑ ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืคืจืขื’ืŸ, 

ืื•ืŸ ืึธืŸ ืึท ื˜ืขื ื”! 


ืœืึธื– ืึธืคึผ ืื™ื ืฉื•ื™ืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ ืฉืœืึธื’ - 
ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืกืฒึทื™ ื•ื™ ืคืึทืจื˜ื™ืœื™ืงื˜... 
ืœืึธื– ืึธืคึผ ืื™ื, ืึธ, ื‘ื™ื– ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืฐื™ืœื™ืงื˜ 
ื•ื™ ืึท ื’ืขื“ื•ื ื’ืขื ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืึธื’... 


ืฐืฒึทืœ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจืœื•ื™ืจืŸ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ื”ืึธืค'ื ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื‘ื•ื™ื, 
ืื•ื™ืš ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจ ืคืึทืœื˜ ืึทืŸ ืึธืคึผื ืขื”ืึทืงื˜ืขืจ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ, 

ืขืจ ืฐืึทืงืกื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ 

ืึท ืฆืขื‘ืœื™ื˜ืขืจ 

ื‘ื™ื– ืึธืŸ ืึท ืกื•ืฃ - 

ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืคึผืจืึธืฆื•ื ื’ ื”ืขืจื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ. 


ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืึทืœื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืฐืึธืจืฆืœ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืจ ืื™ื ืขื ืฉื˜ื•ื™ื‘, 
ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ 

ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉื˜ืึทื ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ 

ืฆื• ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื˜ื™ืฃ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืจ'ืขืจื“ -- 


593 


ื˜) ื“ืขืจืฉืžืขืงื˜ ืขืจ ื ืึธืจ ืึท ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืฐืึทืกืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื ื™ื“ืขืจ โ€ - 
ื‘ืึทืœื“ ื‘ืœื™ื˜ ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ 
ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฆืŸ, 
ืขืจ ื‘ืœื™ื˜ 
ืื•ืŸ ื’ื™ื˜ 
ืึท ืฉื ื™ื˜ - 
ื•ื™ ื™ืขื“ืข ืคืœืึทื ืฆื•ื ื’.., 


0 ืื•ืŸ ืึทื– ืขืก ืฉื˜ืึทืจื‘ื˜ ืึท ืžืึทืŸ, 
ื•ื™ ืžืขืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐื•ื™ื ื˜ ืฆื• ืฉื˜ืึทืจื‘ืŸ ื‘ื™ื– ื”ืขืจ: 
ืจ'ืื™ื– ืฉืฐืึทืš ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ, ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื’ืึทืŸ - 
ืฐื•ึผ? ืฐื•ึผ ืื™ื– ืขืจ? 


ื™ื) ืฐืึทืกืขืจืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืจื•ื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืžื™ื ืงืœืึธืจ, 
ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืฒึทืš ืฐืึธืก ื˜ืจื™ืงื ื˜ ืื•ื™ืก, ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื˜ืจื™ืงื ื˜ ื’ืึธืจ - 


ื™ื‘) ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ -- ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึทืฐืขืงื’ืขืœืฒื’ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ - 
ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืคืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืขืจ! 
ื‘ื™ื– ืก'ืคืึทืจืฐื•ืขืœืงื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ืžืœ 
ืฐืึธืก ืึธืŸ ืึท ืกื•ืฃ - 
ื›ืึทืคึผืŸ ื–ื™ ื–ื™ืš ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืจื™ืžืœ, 
ื“ืขืจืฐืึทื›ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืฉืœืึธืฃ. 


ืืœื™ืคื–; (ืคื™-- ื˜"ื•.) 


ื‘) ืึท ืงืœื•ื’ืขืจ! ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื˜ ืึธืคึผ ื’ืขืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื“ 
ืžื™ื˜ ืงืขื ื˜ืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื•ื™ ืึท ื”ื•ื™ืš -- 
ืื•ืŸ ืฐื™ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ 
ืคื•ืŸ ืžื–ืจื—-ื–ืฒึทื˜, ืื™ื– ืึธื ื’ืขืคื™ืœื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ื•ื™ืš... 


2 ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืืฑื™ืคืฐืฒึทื–ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืึทื›ืŸ ื’ืึธืจ 
ืฐืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืจื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืข, ื ื™ื˜ ืฐืึธืจ, 
ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืืฑืกื’ืขืคึผื•ืฆื˜ 


594 


ื“) 


ื”) 


0 


ืื™ื•ื‘: 


ื’) 


ื“) 


ืฐืึธืก ื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื ื•ืฅ - 


ืึทื–ืฑ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ื•! ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืจ ื“ืึธ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ 
ืฆืขืฉื˜ืขืจื˜, 

ื“ื™ ืคืจื•ืžืงื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“! 
ืคืึทืจืžื™ื ืขืจืกื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืคึผืึธื˜ 
ื“ืึธืก ื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืฒึท ื’ืึธื˜! 


ืขืก ื‘ืึทืฆืฒึทื’ื˜ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื–ื™ื ื“ ืึทืœื™ืŸ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืžื•ื™ืœ, 
ืื•ืŸ ื–ื•ื›ืกื˜ ืึท ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืก ืื™ ืคืึทืœืฉ, ืื™ ืคื•ื™ืœ... 


ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ืš! ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ืš! 

ืขื ื–ืึธืœ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืžื•ื™ืœ ืึทืœืฒืŸ ื‘ืึทืฉื•ืœื“ื™ืงืŸ ื™ืขืฆื˜ ื“ื™ืš, 
ื“ื™ืš ืคืึทืจืงืœืึธื’ืŸ, 

ืึทืœืฒื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื™ืคึผืŸ ื“ืฒึทื ืข ื–ืึธืœืŸ ืขื“ื•ืช ื–ืึธื’ืŸ! 


(ืคึผ'-- ื˜"ื–.) 


ื’ืขื ื•ื’ ื–ื™ื™, ืึธ, ื’ืขื ื•ื’ 

ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ื™ืงืข, ื“ื™ ืจื™ื™ื“! 

ืฐืึธืก ื˜ืจืฒื™ื‘ื˜ ืึทื–ืฑ ื“ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืงืœื•ื’ 
ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจืŸ ืžื™ืจ, ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืึทืฉื™ื“? 


ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ืš ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ืฐื™ ืื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืืฒึทืขืจ ืฉื˜ืขืœ 
ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ื“ืขื ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืŸ ื’ืขืฉืคึผืจืขืš, 
ืขืš, ืขืš - 
ืก'ื–ืึธืœ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื ืึธืจ ืืฒึทืขืจ ื–ืขืœ ืึทื ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื–ืขืœ! - 
ืื™ืš ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขืฉืœื™ื™ืคื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฆื•ื ื’ - 
ืึท ืฉืึทืจืคืข ืงืœื•ื ื’, 
ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ืึท ืกืš, ืึท ืกืš - 
ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื–ืึทืš, 
ื›'ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืฉื˜ื•ื ืื•ื™ืฃ ืืฒึทืš ื’ืขืฉืึธืงืœื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ, 
ืึทืจืฑืฃ, ืึทืจืึธืคึผ... 
95 


ื”) ืื™ืš ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทืจืงื˜ ืืฒื™ืš, ื™ืึธ, ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทืจืงื˜ ื“ืึธืก ื”ืึทืจืฅ, 
ื’ืขืœื™ื ื“ืขืจื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืœื™ืคึผืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืข ืืฒึทืขืจ ืฉืžืึทืจืฅ... 


0 ื™ืขืฆื˜ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืš ืจืขื“ -- ื”ืขืจื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืคึผืฒึทืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ, 
ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ ืื™ืš ืฉื˜ื™ืœ - ืขืก ื ืขืžื˜ ื ื™ื˜, ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืกื•ืฃ... 


ื™ื—) ืึธ ืขืจื“! ืคืึทืจื“ืขืง ืžืฒึทื™ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ ื ื™ื˜, ืขืจื“! 
ื–ืึธืœ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืึธืจื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจืŸ ืขืœื ื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ, 
ืคืึทืจืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื™ ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืฒึทืŸ 
ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ! 


ื™ื˜) ื™ืขืฆื˜ ืื•ื™ืš; 
ืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืžืœ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืขื“ื•ืช 
- ืคื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืข ืœืฒึทื“ืŸ - 
ืจ'ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื•ื™ืš! 


ื›) ืื™ืจ ืžืฒึทื ืข ืฉื™ื™ื ืจื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคืจืฒึทื ื“, 
ืื™ืจ ื–ืฒึทื ื˜ 
ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขื•ืช, ืก'ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืขื•ืช ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ - 
ื“ืึธืก ื•ื•ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจ ืืฒึทื™ืš, ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจ ื’ืึธื˜! 


ื›ื) ื–ืึธืœ ืคืึทื ืึทื ื“ืขืจืจื™ื™ื“ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึท ืžืึทืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืึทืฉืขืคืขืจ, 
ื•ื™ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ, ื•ื™ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื—ื‘ืจ.., 


2 ื›ื‘ 6 ืขื ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืึธืŸ ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืขืฉื™ืงื˜ืข -- 
ืื•ืŸ ื›'ืžืึทืš ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืขื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืึทื ืขืŸ ื›'ืงื•ื ื ื™ื˜ ืฆ'ืจื™ืง ืฉื•ื™ืŸ... 


(ืื™ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ืฆืขืจ) 
(ืคึผื™-- ื™"ื–.) 
ื) ืžืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขืžื™ื˜ ืฆืขืฉื˜ืขืจื˜! 


ืืฑืกื’ืขืœืึธืฉืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืข ื˜ืขื’ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ - 
96 


ืงื‘ืจื™ื! ืงื‘ืจื™ื! ืงื‘ืจื™ื! 
ืึทืจื•ื ืžื™ืจ ื“ืึธ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“! 


ื‘) ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืขืก ื“ื™ ืฉืคึผืึธื˜ืขืจืฒึทืขืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืจื™ื ื’ืœืขืŸ ืžื™ืš ืึทืจื•ืžืขื˜? 
ืฆื™ ื’ืึธืจ ืœื”ื›ืขื™ืกืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฉืœื•ืžืขืจ? 


0 ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึทืจืฑืกื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืฆื•ื ื‘ืฒึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ ืžื™ืš ืคืึทืจ ืคืขืœืงืขืจ, 
ืื•ืŸ ื›'ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ ื“ืขืจ ื’ื™ื”ื ื•ื ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจ ืึทืœืข ืฐืขืœื˜ืŸ! 


ื– ื˜ื•ื ืงืœ ืื™ื– ืžืฒึทืŸ ืื•ื™ื’ ืื™ืŸ ืฆืึธืจืŸ 
ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ืืฒึทื ื’ืขืคืึทืœืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ื•ื™ ืึท ืฉืึธื˜ืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืข ื’ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืึทืœืข. (ืงื•ืงื˜ ืึธืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึฟืจืฒึทื ื“) 


ื—) ื•ื•ืขืจ ืึธืจืขื ื˜ืœืขืš ืขืก ืื™ื– - ื–ืึธืœ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ืฉื˜ื•ื™ื ืขืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื•ืžืฉื•ืœื“ื™ืงืขืจ -- ืขืจ ื–ืึธืœ ื“ืขื ืคืึทืœืฉืŸ ืžืึทืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืฉื•ื™ื ืขืŸ... 


ื˜) ืื•ืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ืขืจ, ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜ืขืจ, 
ืžืึทื›ืŸ ืื™ื, ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’, ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืจื™ื™ื ืข ื”ืขื ื˜, ื“ืขืจ ืืžืชืขืจ, ื“ืขืจ ืขื›ื˜ืขืจ - 
ืขืจ ื–ืึธืœ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทืจืงื˜ (ื’ื–ืึธืจ ืฐืขืจืŸ! 


ืœื™) ืื™ืจ ืึทืœืข ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ืงื•ืžื˜ ืึทื”ืขืจ ื“ืึธ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืจ ื–ื•ืฒึทื˜ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ - 
ืื™ืš ื’ืขืคื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืืฒึทืš ืื™ื™ืŸ ืงืœื•ื’ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ... 


ื™ื ืžืฒึทื ืข ื˜ืขื’ -- 
ื–ื™ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืœืึทื ื’ ืึทืฐืขืง, 
ืžืฒึทื ืข ืคึผืœืขื ืขืจ ืึทืœืข - 
ืืฒึทื ื’ืขื‘ืจืึธื›ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฆืขืคืึทืœืŸ... 
ืึทื–ืฑ ืื•ื™ืš ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ 
ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืขื! 


597 


ืœื™ื‘ =+ 


2 ื™ื’ 


ื›ื™ื“= 
2 ื˜ื•+ 
ืœื˜ื•- 


ื‘ืœื“ื“: 


ื‘) 


ื’) 


ื“) 


ื ืึทื›ื˜ ืžืึทื›ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืฆื• ื˜ืึธื’! 

ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื›ื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืฉืœืึธื’ื˜ 

ืคื•ืŸ ื ืึทื›ื˜ - 

ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื—ื•ืฉืš ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจืงืึธื ื˜... 


ืฆื™ ื–ืึธืœ ืื™ืš ื”ืึธืคืŸ - 

ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– ืึท ืงื‘ืจ ืžื™ืจ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื”ื•ื™ื–... 

ืื™ืš ืœื™ื™ื’ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจ ืฉืœืึธืคืŸ, 

ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจ ื‘ืขื˜ ืื™ืš ืžืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขืœืขื’ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืก... 


ืื™ืš ืจื•ืฃ ืฆื•ื ืงื‘ืจ ืื•ื™ืก: ืึธ ื˜ืึทื˜ืข! ื˜ืึทื˜ืข! ื˜ืึทื˜ืข-ืคืึธื˜ืขืจ! 
ืžืึทืžืข! ืฉื•ื•ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ืžืฒึทื ืข! ืฆื•ื ืฐืึธืจืขื ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืœืึธื˜ืข... 


ืฐื•ึผ ืื™ื– ื–ื™. ืฐื•ึผ? ืžืฒึทืŸ ื”ืึธืคึผืขื ื•ื’ - ืฐืขืจ ืงืึธืŸ ื–ื™? 
ืฐืขืจ ืงื•ืงื˜ ืึธืŸ ื–ื™? 


ืื™ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื‘ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ื™ืคืŸ ื ื™ื“ืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ ืึทืจืึธืคึผ - 
ืžื™ืจ ืจื•ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื™ื‘ ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืึธืคึทึผ... 


(ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื ื“ื˜ ืฆื• ืึทืœืขืžืขืŸ) 
(ืคึผ' -- ื™"ื—.) 


ื‘ื™ื– ืฐืึทื ืขืŸ, ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืžื™ืจ, ืฐืขื˜ ืื™ืจ, 

ืึท ืกื•ืฃ ืฆื• ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืžืึทื›ืŸ? 

ืื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคื˜ ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืึทืคึผืจื™ึดืขืจ ื–ื™ื™, ื“ื™ ื–ืึทื›ืŸ - 
ืื•ืŸ ืจื™ื™ื“ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ! 


ืคึฟืึทืจ ืฐืึธืก, ืึธ, ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืฆื• ื‘ื”ืžื•ืช ื’ืœืฒึทืš? 
ืื•ืŸ ืื•ืžืจื™ื™ื ืข ืžื™ืจ ืึทืœืข ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืืฒึทืš? 


ื“ื•, ืฐืึธืก ื“ื• ืฆืขืคืœื™ื™ืฉืกื˜ ืึทืœืฒืŸ ื–ื™ืš 
ืื™ืŸ ื“ืฒื™ืŸ ืฆืึธืจืŸ - 
598 


ืื™ื•ื‘: 


ื‘) 


ื’) 


ื“) 


ื”) 


0 


ื ื™ื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื–ืฉืข, 

ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ ื“ื™ืจ ื–ืึธืœ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ืคืึทืจืœืึธืจืŸ? 

ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืขืœื“ื– ื“ืึธืจื˜ 

ื–ืึธืœ ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ ื“ื™ืจ, ื–ื™ืš ืึท ืจื•ืง ื˜ืึธืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืึธืจื˜? 


(ืคึผ' = ื™"ื˜.) 


ืื™ืš ืงืขื 'ืก ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ! 

ื‘ื™ื– ืฐืึทื ืขืŸ ื–ืฉืข, ืฐืขื˜ ืื™ืจ ืžื™ืš, ืื™ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืงื•ืžืขืจืŸ 
ืึทื–ืฑ ืคืึทืจืื•ืžืขืจืŸ? 

ืžื™ื˜ ืฐื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืžื™ืš ื“ืขืจืฉืœืึธื’ืŸ? 


ืฆืขืŸ ืžืึธืœ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืฐื™ ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ 

ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืžื™ืš ื’ืขืžืึทื›ื˜ ืฆื• ืฉืคึผืึธื˜, 
ื•ื™ ืื™ืจ ื‘ื•ื“ืงื˜ ืžื™ืš, 

ื•ื™ ืื™ืจ ื‘ืึทืœืฒื“ื™ืงื˜ ืžื™ืš, 

ืื™ืจ ืฉืขืžื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜, ืื™ืจ ืคืจื•ืžืข 
ืงื•ืžืขืŸ 

ืื•ืŸ ืฆืขื˜ื•ืžืœืขืŸ ืžื™ืš, ืฆืขื˜ื•ืžืœืขืŸ?... 


ื–ืึธืœ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื˜ื•ืขื” - ื™ืึธ... ืื™ื– ืฐืึธืขืก? 
ืก'ื‘ืœืฒึทื™ื‘ื˜ ื ืขื›ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืžืฒึทื™ืŸ ื˜ืขื•ืช -- 


ืื•ืŸ ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืื™ืจ ืจืขื“ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืึทืœืข ืึทื–ืฑ ืื•ื™ืก, 
ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทืฐืฒึทื–ื˜ ื“ื™ ืฉืึทื ื“ ืžื™ืจ ืžืฒึทื ืข ื’ืจื™ืก - 


ื–ืฒึทื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ - 

ืื•ืŸ ืžืขื’ ืขืก ืื™ื™ืš ืคืึทืจื“ืจื™ืกืŸ, 

ืื™ืš ื–ืึธื’ ืขืก ืึธืคืŸ, ืื™ืš; 

ื’ืึธื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืึทืขื•ื•ืœื˜ ืžื™ืš! 

ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื ืขืฅ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืžื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื ืงืœ 
ืึทืจื•ืžื’ืขืจื™ื ื’ืœื˜.., 


599 


4 


ื—) 


ื™ื’) 


ื™ืฅ 


ืฆื•ืคืจ 
ืื™ื•ื‘; 


ืืœื™ืคื–; 


ืื™ื•ื‘; 
ื‘ืœื“ื“: 
ืื™ื•ื‘; 
ืฆื•ืคืจ; 


ืื™ื•ื‘; 


ืืœื™ืคื–: 


ืื•ืŸ ืฉืจืฒึท ืื™ืš: ืื•ื™ื‘ 

ืžืขืŸ ืื™ื– ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื™ืขืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืข ื˜ื•ื™ื‘... 
ืื™ืš ืจื•ืฃ ื–ื™, ื™ืึธ, 

ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ -- ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ืึธ! 


ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืึทืจืฆืึทืžื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื’ ืžื™ืจ - 

ืื•ืŸ ื›'ืงืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜, ื’ื™ื™ืŸ, ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจ; 

ืื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืข ืึทืœืข ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ 

ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื‘ืึทื“ืขืงื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจื ื™ืฉืŸ ื˜ืจื™ื‘ืข... 


ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื“ืขืจืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจื˜ ืึทืœืข ืžืฒึทื ืข ื‘ืจื™ื“ืขืจ - 
ืื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืข ืคืจืฒึทื™ื ื“ -- ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื“ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ... 
ืคืึทืจืœืึธื–ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืš, ื•ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื–ืŸ 

ืึทืœืข ืžืฒึทื ืข ื ืึธื ื˜ืข, 

ืžืฒึทื ืข ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืงืึทื ื˜ืข - 

ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืš ืคืึทืจื’ืขืกืŸ... 


ืžืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื– ืคืจืขืžื“ ืึทื–ืฑ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฐืฒึทื‘, 
ืื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืึทื’ื™ื ืกื˜ื™ืงื•ื ื’ ื“ื™ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืœืฒึทื‘.., 


ื“ื• ืจืขื“ ื ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืฐืฒึทื‘, - ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ืึธ... 
ื•ืฉืึธืงืœื˜ ื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืจื™ืง ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ, ื•ื™ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื–ื™ืš) 
ื™ืึธ, ื™ืึธ... 
ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ื™ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ื“ืฒึทื ืข - ืึธ... 
ื ื™ื˜ืึธ... ื ื™ื˜ืึธ... 
ื“ื• ืžืขื’ืกื˜ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™, ื ืึธืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื•ื ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ืŸ ื“ืึธ... 
ื™ืึธ, ื™ืึธื™ื™. 
ืžืขืŸ ื“ืึทืจืฃ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ืขืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ืข ื ืึธืจ ืฆื•ื ื’ื•ื˜ืŸ - 
ื ืขืžืกื˜ ืึธืŸ ืคืึทืจ ืžืฒึทื ืข ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ืข ื–ื™ืš,.. 
ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš - 
ืžืขื’ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ืŸ, ื™ืึธ, ืžืขื’ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ืŸ? 
ื—ืก-ื•ื—ืœื™ืœื”? 
ืžื™ืจ ืคื™ืœืŸ ื“ื™ืจ ื“ืึธืš ืžื™ื˜, ืžื™ืจ ืคื™ืœืŸ... 
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ื ื™ื˜ื™ืžืขืจ - 
ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืชึผืžื ืข... ื™ืึธ, ื›'ืžื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขืจ 


ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ... 
ืื™ื•ื‘; (ืงื•ืงื˜ ืื™ื ืคืึทืจืฐื•ึผื ื“ืขืจื˜ ืึธืš) 
ื“ืขืจ?... ื“ืขืจ?,., 
ื‘ืœื“ื“; ื“ื™ ืื™ื– ืฉืขื ืขืจ... 
ืื™ื•ื‘: (ืงื•ืงื˜ ืคืึทืจืฐื•ึผื ื“ืขืจื˜ ืึธืŸ ื‘ืœื“ื“ืŸ) 
ื“ื™? 
ืฆื•ืคืจ; ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื™ืขื ืข ืชึผืžื ืข ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจืข ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ - 
ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืึทืฆื™ื ื“ืขืจ... 
ืื™ื•ื‘: โ€ / ื•ื•ื™? 
ืืœื™ืคื–; ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ืขืŸ ื“ื™, ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืึทืฐืขืง. 
ืื™ื•ื‘: ืึท ืฉืจืขืง! 
ื‘ืœื“ื“: ืฐืึธืก ืขืคึผืขืก ืฉืจืขืง? 
ืื™ื•ื‘; (ืœืึธื–ื˜ ืื•ืžื‘ืึทื”ืึธืœืคืŸ ืึทืจืึธืคึผ ื“ืขื ืงืึธืคึผ) 
ืึท ื—ืœื•ื! 
ืฆื•ืคืจ; ื—ืก-ื•ืฉืœื•ื! 
ืฐืึธืก ืขืคึผืขืก ื’ืึธืจ ืึท ื—ืœื•ื? 
ืื™ื•ื‘; ืึท ื—ืœื•ื ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืžืขืจ! 
ืืœื™ืคื–; ื•ื•ืขืจ? 
ืื™ื•ื‘: ืื™ืš, ืื™ืš! 
ื‘ืœื“ื“: ื“ื• ืžื™ื™ื ืกื˜ ื’ืึธืจ ื–ื™ืš! 
ืื™ื•ื‘: ืื™ืš, ืžืฒึทืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื’ืึธืจ... 
ืฆื•ืคืจ; ืžืขืŸ ื˜ืึธืจ ืึทื–ืฑ ื ื™ื˜ ืจืขื“ืŸ! 
ืื™ื•ื‘; (ืื™ืŸ ืฆืึธืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฆืฐืฒืคึฟืœื•ื ื’) 
ืžืขืŸ ื˜ืึธืจ! ืžืขืŸ ื˜ืึธืจ! 
ืืœื™ืคื–; ืื™ื™ื ืข ืื™ื– ืึทืฐืขืงื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ 


ื“ื™ืจ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ, 
ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืข - 
ืื™ืจ ืฆื• ืœืึทื ื’ืข ื™ืึธืจ, 
ืึทื ื˜ืงืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ืจ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ! 
ืื™ื•ื‘: (ืฆืขื˜ื•ืžืœื˜) 
ื•ื•ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื•ื™ืกื˜ ืžื™ืš ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื–ื™ื™, ื–ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข -- 


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ืึธ, ื’ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜ืขืจ! 


ื‘ืœื“ื“: ื–ื™ ืฐืขื˜ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ื“ื™ืจ ื’ืขื‘ืึธืจืŸ... 
ืื™ื•ื‘: ืฐืึธืก? 
ืฆื•ืคืจ; ! (ืืฑืคึฟื’ืขืจืขื’ื˜) 
ื“ืึธืก! 
ืื™ื•ื‘: (ืงื•ืงื˜ ืื™ื ืื•ืžืคืึทืจืฉื˜ืขื ื“ืœืขืš ืึธืŸ) 
ืฐืึธืก? 
ืืœื™ืคื–: ื–ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืขื›ื˜ืขืจ! 
ืื™ื•ื‘: ืฐืึธืก? 
ื‘ืœื“ื“: ืก'ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืœ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื›ึผื•ืก! 
ืื™ื•ื‘ ืžืฒึทื™ืŸ ื›ึผื•ืก? | 
ืฆื•ืคืจ: ืื•ืŸ ื“ืฒึทื ืข ืคืขืœื“ืขืจ -- ื’ืจื™ืŸ! 
ืื™ื•ื‘ ื’ืจื™ืŸ? 
ืืœื™ืคื–; ื–ื™ ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ืจื˜ ื“ื™ืจ ื–ื™ืŸ! 
ืื™ื•ื‘ ื–ื™ืŸ? 
ื‘ืœื“ื“: ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืขื›ื˜ืขืจ! 
ืื™ื•ื‘: ื’ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜ืขืจ! 


ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ื ืฒึทืข ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืึธืจืŸ! (ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜ ืฆื•ื ื”ื™ืžืœ) 
ื’ื™ื‘ ืึธืคึผ ืžื™ืจ, ื’ืึธื˜, ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ื“ื™, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืคืึทืจืœืึธืจืŸ! 
ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื˜ื•ื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ, ื˜ื•ื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ - 

ื’ืขืคืึทืœืŸ, ืึธืคึผื’ืขืคืึทืœืŸ... 


(ืคึผ' 2 ื™ื™ื˜) 


ื™ื˜) ืžื™ื˜ ืžืฒึทื ืข ื ืึธื ื˜ืกื˜ืข ืึทืœืข, 
ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืคึผืฒึทื™ื ื˜ ื’ืขื”ืึทื˜ ืžื™ืš, ืžืฒึทื ืข, ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจื˜ืจื•ื™ื˜ืข... 
ืึทืœืข ื“ื™, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืœื™ื‘ ืึทื–ืฑ ื’ืขื”ืึทื˜ ื–ื™ - 
ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืš ืคืึทืจืจืึทื˜ืŸ... (ื•ื•ืขื ื“ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื“ืจืฒึท ืคึฟืจืฒึทื ื“ 
ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฉื˜ืจืขืงื˜ืข ืึธืจืขืžืก) 
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ื›ื) ืึธ ืคืจืฒึทื ื“, ื“ืขืจื‘ืึทืจืขืžื˜, ืึธ ื“ืขืจื‘ืึทืจืขืžื˜ ืื™ืจ ืžื™ืจ, ืื™ืจ! 
ืฐื•ืฒึทืœ ื“ื™ ื”ืึทื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืึธื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืžื™ืš ืึธื ื’ืขืจื™ืจื˜... 


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ื›ื‘) 


ื›ื’) 


ื›ื“) 


ื›ื”) 


ืืœื™ืคืŸ 
ื‘ืœื“ื“ 
ืฆื•ืคืจ 


ืืœื™ืคื–; 


ื‘ืœื“ื“: 


ืฆื•ืคืจ: 


ืคืึทืจ ืฐืึธืก ืคืึทืจืคืึธืœื’ื˜ ืื™ืจ, ืื™ืจ ืžื™ืš ื•ื™ ืก'ืคืึทืจืคืึธืœื’ื˜ ืžื™ืš ื’ืึธื˜? 
ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืœืฒึทื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืขื ื ื™ื˜ ืึธื ืขืกืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื–ืึทื˜! 


ื•ื™ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืื™ืš ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืื™ืฆื˜ 

ืขืก ื–ืึธืœืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืข ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจื”ืขืจืŸ, 
ื–ื™ ื–ืึธืœืŸ ืืฒื™ึทื™ื ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืฐืขืจืŸ! 

ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืกืคืจ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืื™ึทื™ื ื’ืขืงืจื™ืฆื˜!... 


ืึธืšึฐ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืš ืงืขื 'ืก ื‘ืึทืฐืฒึทื–ืŸ, 

ืื™ืš ืึทืœื™ื™ืŸ -- 

ืื™ืš ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื“ืึทืŸ ืคืจืฒึท 

ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืคึผืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืืฒื™ื–ืŸ 

ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ืœื™ื™ 

ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื”ืึทืงื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืืฒื™ื‘ื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ. 


(ืจืฒึทืกื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื ืงืขืœืข) 


ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš -- ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก ืขืก, ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก ืขืก: 

ืžืฒึทืŸ ื“ืขืจืœื™ื™ื–ืขืจ ืœืขื‘ื˜. ื™ืึธ! ื™ืึธ! 

ืจ'ืื™ื– ื“ืึธ! 

ื–ืึธืœ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื“ืขืจืœื™ื™ื–ืขืจ! 

ื”ืขืจื˜ ืึทืœืข, ื”ืขืจื˜'ืก! (ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜ ืฆื•ื ื”ื™ืžืœ) 

ื“ืขืจ ืœืขืฆื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืขืจ ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“! 

(ืขืจ ื˜ืจื™ื ืงื˜ ืื•ื™ืก, ืื™ืŸ ืขืงืกื˜ืึทื– ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืœื•ื™ื‘ืŸ, ื“ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื‘ื•ื ื’ 

ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ืคืœื•ื ื’, ื“ืึธืก ื˜ืขืคึผืขืœืข ืžื™ืœืš ืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืขืจ ืึทืฐืขืง ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืึธืจื˜) 
ื ืึธืš! 


(ื›ืึทืคึผืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืจื˜ืขืจ, ื”ืึธืคึผืขืจื“ื™ืง, ืฆื•ืคืจื™ื“ืŸ) 


ื ืึธืš! 
ื ืึธืš! 
ืžืขื’ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืงื•, ืžืขื’ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขืงืึธื›ื˜! 
ื ืึธืš! 
ื ืึธืš! 
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ืื™ื•ื‘: 


ืืœื™ืคื–; 
ื‘ืœื“ื“: 
ืฆื•ืคืจ: 


ืืœื™ืคื–; 


ื‘ืœื“ื“; 
ืฆื•ืคืจ; 
ืืœื™ืคื–; 
ื‘ืœื“ื“: 
ืฆื•ืคืจ; 


ืืœื™ืคืŸ; 


ื‘ืœื“ื“; 
ืฆื•ืคืจ:; 
ืืœื™ืคื–; 


ื‘ืœื“ื“: 


ืฆื•ืคืจ; 


ืืœื™ืคื–; 


ื‘ืœื“ื“: 
ืฆื•ืคืจ; 


ืืœื™ืคื–; 


(ืคืึทืœื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ืฆื• ืฆื•ื ื‘ืขื ืงืœ, ืื•ื™ืฃ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ืขืจ ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ื˜ ื–ื™ืฆืŸ, ืงืจืขื›ืฆื˜) 
ืึธื™ 

ืื™ืจ ืฉืจืฒึทื˜ ืึทื–ืฑ, ืื™ืจ ื”ื™ืœื›ื˜! 

ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ ื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ ืžื™ืœืš! 

ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜: ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืืฒื™ื–ืŸ... 
ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืึทืฐืฒึทื–ืŸ! 

ื™ืึธ, ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ! 

ืฐืึธืœื˜ืกื˜ ืขืคึผืขืก ืฐืึธืก ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ... 

ื‘ืึทื ืขืฆื˜ ื“ืขื ื’ื•ืžืขืŸ! 

ื“ื™ ืœื™ืคืŸ... 

ืžื™ืœืš ืคืึทืจืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฅ ืื™ื– ืฐื™ ื‘ื•ื™ืžืื™ื™ืœ ืคืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืจื™ืคึผืŸ! 
ืฐืึธืก ืขืคึผืขืก ืžื™ืœืš? ื–ื™ื”ืึธื˜ ืืคืฉืจ ื’ื™ื˜ื™ืงืก 
ืึธืคึผื’ืขื˜ืฒืœื˜ ืคืึทืจ ื“ื™ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ื™ืง? 
ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืึธืžืขืจ ื ื™ื˜' -- 

ืงืึธื›ื˜ ื–ื™ ืื™ื™ื ืก ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื“ื™ืจ ืึธืคึผ ืึท ืคืจื™ืฉืก! 
ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื ื•ื˜! 

ืื™ ืฉื ืขืœ, ืื™ ื’ื•ื˜! 

ื–ื™ ืžืึทื›ื˜ ืขืก ืืฑื™ื’ื ื‘ืœื™ืงืœืขืš! 

ื“ื• ืฐืึธืœื˜ืกื˜ ื“ืขืจืงื•ื•ื™ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš... (ืจืคึผื˜) 

ืชึผืžื ืข! 

ื–ื™ ื–ื™ืึท ื’ืขืฉื™ืงื˜ืข, 

ื“ื™ ืฉื›ื ื” ื“ื™ื™ื ืข... (ืจื•ืคื˜) 

ืชึผืžื ืข! 

ื’ืœื™ืงืœืขืš ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ... ื™ืึธ, ื’ืœื™ืงืœืขืš! (ืจืคึฟื˜) 
ืชึผืžื ืข! 

ื–ืึธื’ ื•ื•ืขืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื™ื ืกื˜ื•, ื•ื•ืขืžืขืŸ? 

ื•ื•ืขืจ ืก'ื•ื•ืขืฆื˜ ื–ื™ ื ืขืžืขืŸ! 

ื ืขืžืขืŸ... (ื‘ืึทืœืขืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš) 

ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ ื ืึธืจ ื“ืขืจืฉืฒื™ื ืขืŸ! 

ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜ ื˜ืขืžื™ื 

ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ - 

ื™ืึธ... ื’ืขืจืึธื˜ืŸ! (ืจืคึฟื˜) 

ืชึผืžื ืข! 


604 


ื‘ืœื“ื“; 


ืฆื•ืคืจ; 


ืืœื™ืคื–; 


ืฆื•ืคืจ; 


ืื™ื•ื‘; - 


ืืœื™ืคื–: 


ื‘ืœื“ื“: 


ืฆื•ืคืจ; - 


| ืื™ื•ื‘: 


ืชึผืžื ืข! 

ืื•ืŸ ืคืจื™ืฉ ืึทื–ืฑ! 

ืึท ืคืจื•ื™ -- 

ืึท ืคืจื•ื›ื˜ ื ืึธืš ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื˜ื•ื™, 

ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจื‘ืึธื˜ืŸ... (ืจื•ืคึผื˜) 

ืชึผืžื ืข! 

ืฐื•ึผ ืื™ื– ื–ื™, ื•ื•ื•ึผ? 

ืึธื˜ ื’ื™ื‘ ืื™ืš ื–ื™ ืึท ืจื•ืฃ. (ืžืึทื›ื˜ ืึท ื‘ืึทืฐืขื’ื•ื ื’ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืงื™ืš) 
ืฐืึธืก ืขืคึผืขืก ื“ื•?! (ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืื™ื ืึธืคึผื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืึทืœืฒืŸ) 
ืœืึธื–ื˜ ืฆื• ืจื•! 

ืœืึธื–ื˜! ืœืึธื–ื˜! 

ืœืึธื–ื˜ ืึธืคึผ - 

ืื™ืš ืื•ื™ืš, ืื™ืš ืœืึธื– ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืข ื˜ื™ืฃ ืึทืจืึธืคึผ... 
ืฆื• ืฐืึธืก? 

ืฆื• ืฐืึธืก ื“ืขืŸ? 

ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืึท ื‘ื•ื ื“ ื’ืขืฉืœืึธืกืŸ 

ืžื™ื˜ ืžืฒึทื ืข ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข - 

ืฆื• ืฐืึธืก ื–ืึธืœ ืื™ืš ื–ื™ืš ืึธืคึผืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืงื•ืงืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ืžื™ื™ื“ืœ?. 
ืคืึทืจ ืฐืึธืก ื“ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜? 

ืื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืึธื˜! ืื•ืŸ ืฐืฒึทื‘ืขืจ ืงืขืŸ ืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™!... 
ืฆื™ ื‘ื™ืกื˜ื• ืึทืœืข ืžืึธืœ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึทื–ืฑ ื’ืึธืจ ืึธืคึผื ืขื”ื™ื˜ - 
ื–ืึธื’, ืื™ื•ื‘? 

ื›'ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™... 

ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื’ืขื”ื™ื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึทืคึผืจื™ึดืขืจ.., 

ื›ึผืœื™ื–ืžืŸ ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืœืขื‘ื˜ ื“ืฒึทื™ืŸ ืึทืœื˜ืข -- 

ื”ืึธืกื˜ื• ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ, 

ืืฒึทื ื’ืขื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ, 

ื–ื™ืš ืืฒึทื ื’ืขื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืœื™ื˜ืŸ... 

ื™ืขืฆื˜ ื“ืึทืจืคืกื˜ื• ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื”ื™ื˜ืŸ - 

ืื™ื•ื‘! 

ื ื™ืื•ืฃ! ื ื™ืื•ืฃ! 

ืื™ืจ ืึทืœืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืžื™ืจ ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ, 
ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ! 


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ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืžื™ืจ, 

ื“ืึธ ืึทืœืข ืื™ืจ 

ืคืึทืจืื™ื™ื ื™ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš. 

ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืฉื ืฒึทื“ื˜ ืžื™ืš, ืฉื ืฒึทื“ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ 
ื•ื™ ืžื™ื˜ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ, 

ืึท ืฐืึธืจื˜ - ืึท ืžืขืกืขืจ; (ืžื™ื˜ืึท ื”ืึทื ื˜ ืฆื•ื ื”ื™ืžืœ) 

ืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก ืคึผืฒึทื™ื ื™ืงื˜ ืžื™ืš -- 

ืขืจ ืงืขืŸ ืžื™ืš ื‘ืขืกืขืจ! 


(ืคึผื™-- ืœื™ื™ื) 


ืขืจ ื–ืขื˜ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืข ื“ืึธืš, ืขืจ ื”ื™ื˜ 


ืื•ืŸ ืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ื“ืึธืš ืึทืœืข ืžืฒึทื ืข ื–ื™ื™, ื“ื™ ื˜ืจื™ื˜. 


- ืฆื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืจืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืœื™ื™ื›ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ 


ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืคืึทืœืฉ ืึท ื‘ื•ื™ื’? 

ืฆื™ ืื™ื– ืžืฒึทืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฅ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืœื•ืกื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืœื™ื˜ืฉืงืข ืึทืฐืขืง 
ื ืึธืš ืžืฒึทืŸ ืื•ื™ื’? 

ืฆื™ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืŸ ืฆื• ืžืฒึทื™ืŸ ื”ืึทื ื˜ืคืœืึทืš, ืื™ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ, 
ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก ืงืœืขืคึผืŸ? 


ืื•ื‘ ื™ืึธ - ื–ืึธืœ ืื™ืš ืคืึทืจื–ื™ื™ืขืŸ ืงืขืจืŸ, 


| ืื•ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืขืจ ื–ืึธืœ ืขืกืŸ - 


ืื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืข ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ื–ืึธืœืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืจื™ืกืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจื’ืขืกืŸ... 


ืฆื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฆื• ืึท ืคืจื•ื™ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฅ ืคืึทืจืœืึธืงื˜ ืžื™ืš? 
ืฆื™ ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืืฒึทื ื’ืึทื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืคืจืฒึทื ื“ ื’ืขืœืึธืงืขืจื˜? 


ืื•ื™ื‘ ื™ืึธ - ื–ืึธืœ ืžืึธืœืŸ ืคืึทืจ ืึทืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฐืฒึทื‘, 
ืื•ืŸ ืึทื ื“ื™ืจืข ื–ืึธืœืŸ ืงื ื™ึดืขืŸ ืื™ืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืœืฒึทื‘ - 


606 


ื™ื) 


ืชึผืžื ืข: 
ืืœื™ืคื– 
ื‘ืœื“ื“ 
ืฆื•ืคืจ 


ืืœื™ืคื–; 


ื‘ืœื“ื“; 
ืฆื•ืคืจ; 
ืื™ื•ื‘; 


ืืœื™ืคื–; 


ื‘ืœื“ื“: 
ืฆื•ืคืจ; 
ืื™ื•ื‘: 


ืชึผืžื ืข: 


ืืœื™ืคืŸ 
ื‘ืœื“ื“ 
ืฆื•ืคืจ 


ืื™ื•ื‘: 
ืชึผืžื ืข: 


ืื™ื•ื‘; 


ืชืžื ืข: 
ืื™ื•ื‘: 


ื•ื•ื™ื™ืœ ืก'ืื™ื– ืึท ืฉืึทื ื“ ืึท ืžื™ืื•ืกืข - 
ืื•ืŸ ืึท ืคืึทืจื‘ืจืขื›ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืคืึทืจ ืึท ื’ืขืจื™ื›ื˜ ื ืึธืจ, ืื™ื– ืขืก! 


(ืจื•ืคื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ืœ) 
ืชึผืžื ืข... 
(ืขืคื ื˜ ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ืจ, ืงื•ืžื˜ ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืงืจื•ื’ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืึทืงืกืœ ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืœ) 


ืึธื˜ ืื™ื– ื–ื™ 


ืึธื˜! 


! ื•ื™ ืฉื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื™ ืื™ื–, ืึธ ื’ืึธื˜! 


ืื™ื™ื ืข ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืึทื˜! 

ืชึผืžื ืข! 

ืื™ืจ ื‘ืœื™ืง! 

ืื™ืจ ืฉื™ืง! 

ื’ืœื™ืง! ืื™ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืง ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืึท ื’ืœื™ืง! 
ืชึผืžื ืข -- (ืฐืฒึทื–ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื˜ืจืฑืขืจื™ืงืŸ ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ื™ื ื“) 
ื”ืขืจ ืืฒึทืŸ ื–ื™ืš, ื”ืขืจ... 

ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืฒึทื™ืŸ ืจื•ืฃ, ื ื™ื˜ ืžืขืจ! 


ืชึผืžื ืข! 


ื–ื™ื™ ื–ื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ื“ื™ืจ ื“ืึธ ื”ื™ืžื ืขืŸ! 
ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘'ืก ื’ืขื ื•ื’... 
ื›'ื•ื•ื™ืœ ื”ืขืจืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ืจ... 
(ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื”ืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื ืงืœ) 
ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ? 
ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืฐืึธืจื˜ ืื™ื– ื“ืจืฒึทืกื˜, ืื™ื– ืฐืึทืจืขื ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ืงืœื•ื’! 
ืชึผืžื ืข! (ืงื•ืงื˜ ืื™ืจ ืฉื˜ื•ื ืึธืŸ) 
ืื™ืš ื–ืข: ืก'ืื™ื– ืคื•ืœ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืงืจื•ื’ -- 
ืื™ืจ ืฐืึทืงืกื˜, ืื™ืจ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื”ืึทืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืงืกืŸ, 
ื“ื• ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงืจื•ื’ ื“ื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืึทืงืกืœ! 
ืก'ืื™ื– ืคื•ืœ ื“ืฒื™ืŸ ืงืจื•ื’ - 
207 


ืชึผืžื ืข: 


ืื™ื•ื‘: 


ืืœื™ืคื–; 


ื‘ืœื“ื“: 


ืฆื•ืคืจ; 


ืชึผืžื ืข: 


ืื™ื•ื‘; 


ืชึผืžื ืข: 


ืื™ื•ื‘: 


ืื•ืŸ ืฉืžืขืงืขื“ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึธื ื™ืง... 

ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ืงืจื•ื’ ื‘ืฒึท ื“ื™ืจ? ื–ืึธื’, ืชึผืžื ืข, 
ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื“ืึธ? 

ื”ืึธื ื™ืง! 

ืชึผืžื ืข! 

ื ื™ื˜ ืงืึธื ื˜ื™ืง ื’ืึธืจ, ื ื™ื˜ ืงืึธื ื˜ื™ืง... 

ื”ืึธื ื™ืง - ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ื–ื™ืกืขืจ ื ืึธืš ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื ื™ืง! 
ื”ืึธื ื™ืง, ื”ืึธื ื™ืง ื–ื™ืก - 

ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ 

ื’ืขืฉืžืึทืงืขืจ! 

ืึธ, ืคืขืœื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืึธื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจืึทืงืขืจื˜! 
ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืจืึธื ื™ืขื˜ - 

ื”ืึธื ื™ืง! 

ืื™ืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜ ื ืึธืš ืึทืœืข ื–ืึทื˜... 

ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืขืกืŸ ื ืึธืš, ืื™ ืžื™ื“, ืื™ ืžืึทื˜,. 
ืฆื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืืฒึทืš ื“ื™ ืžืื›ืœื™ื ื ื™ื˜ ืคึผืึทืจืฉืึทื˜? 
ืึธ, ื”ืฑื›ื’ืขืœืขืจื˜ืข! 

ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืืฒึทืขืจืข, ื‘ืึทืฉืฐืขืจื˜ืข, 
ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืจื•ืงืขื ืข ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ - 

ืžืึธืš! 

ืžืึธืš ืฐืึธืก ืฆื• ื“ืจ'ืขืจื“ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ืงืขืŸ... 
ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ 

ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ื’ืขืฆืขืจื˜ืข, 

ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ื‘ืึทื’ืขืจื˜ืข 

ื”ื•ื™ืœืข 

ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืคื•ื™ืœืข, 

ืื•ืŸ ืืฒื™ื ื˜ืึธื ื™ืง - 

ืžืึธืš - 

ืžื•ื˜ื ืข ืฐื•ึผื ืงืขืŸ, 

ืฐื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ! 

ืชึผืžื ืข! 

ืžืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืึทืฉืขืจื˜ืขืจ! 

ืชึผืžื ืข! 


08 


ืึธืš... 

ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืžื™ืœืš ื’ืขื˜ืจื•ื ืงืขืŸ - 
ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืœ.., ื ืึธืš! (ืฉืคึผืจืฒื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ืฆื• ืื™ืจ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜) 
ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื”ืึทื ื™ืง! 


ืืœื™ืคื–: ืฐืึธื ื™ืง! 

ื‘ืœื“ื“: ื–ืึธื ื™ืง! 

ืฆื•ืคืจ; ื”ืึธื ื™ืง! 

ืชึผืžื ืข: (ื ืขืžื˜ ืึทืจืึธืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืงืกืœ ื“ืขื ืคื•ืœืŸ ืงืจื•ื’ ืžื™ื˜ ื”ืึธื ื™ืง. ื’ื™ื˜ ืื™ื•ื‘ืŸ ื“ืขื ื“ืขืงืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืจื•ื’) 
ืื™ื•ื‘; (ื”ืึทืœื˜ ื“ืขื ื“ืขืงืœ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ-- ) ื• 

ืชึผืžื ืข: (ื’ื™ืกื˜, ื’ื™ืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืจื•ื’ ื“ืขื ื“ื™ื ืขื ืคืึธื“ืขื ื”ืึธื ื™ืง) 


ืคืึธืจื”ืึทื ื’ ืคืึทืœื˜ ืœืึทื ื’ื–ืึทื 


6090 


ืึทืจื™ื™ื ืคื™ืจ 25 


ืึท ืคึผืึธืจ ืฆืขื ื“ืœื™ืง ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืึธื ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืฉืฐืึทืจืฅ. ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžืŸ-ื”ืกืชึผื ื’ืขื–ืึธืœื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื“ืขื“ื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืขืก ืื•ื™ืฃ 
ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจืข ืขืงื–ืขืžืคึผืœืึทืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืจืึทืžืข "ืื™ื•ื‘", ืคืึทืจ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข ืคึผืขืจื–ืึธื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ 
ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืจืึทืžืข "ืื™ื•ื‘" ืึท ืžืชึผื ื”. ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืžื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื“ืึธ ืฆื•ื 
ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜, ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืœืข ืคืึทืจืžืขืงื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืึธื‘ืŸ. ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืข ืฐื•ืขืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ 
ืึธื ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ. ืžืข ื“ืึทืจืฃ ืึธื ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืžื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉ, ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ 
ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื‘ืึทืœื“ ื ืึธื›ืŸ ื“ืขืจืฉื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืจืึทืžืข, ืก'ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ -- ืกื•ืฃ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืชึผืžื•ื– ืชืฉ"ื ? ืกื•ืฃ ื™ื•ื ื™ 
ืื•ืŸ ื™ื•ืœื™ 1941 6 . ืคึผืึทืจื’ืœืฒึทืš ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ืœื•ืžืขื ื˜ืึทืœืก ืจืฉื™ืžื”, ื ื•ืž' 26 ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืคื•ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื, 
ืชืฉื›"ื˜, ื ื•ืž' 26. | 

ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืจืึทื’ืžืขื ื˜ืึทืจืข ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขื ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื–ืฒึทื˜ืœืขืš, ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืฆื• 
ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ื™ืžืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืคืœ ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจืข ื•ื•ื™ื“ืžื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืขืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืคึผืึทืจืึทืŸ, ืžื™ืจ ืžื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ืึทื– ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจืึทืŸ ืึทื›ื˜ 
ื“ืขื“ื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืขืก ืฆื• ื–ื™ื‘ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉืฒื“ืขื ืข ืคึผืขืจื–ืึธื ืขืŸ. 

ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืื™ื ื”ืึทืœื˜ ื“ืขืจื’ืึทื ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืžื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื‘ืึทื ืขื ืคื•ืŸ ื™.ืง'ืก ืงื•ืง ืื•ื™ืคืŸ 
ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขื ื”ืึทื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืื™ื•ื‘ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืคืึธืœืง ืคื•ืŸ ืžื–ืจื—- 
ืืฒื™ืจืึธืคึผืข ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ื˜ืœืขืจ-ืฆืฒื™ื˜. 

ืฆื•ื ืคืึทืจื’ืœืฒึทืš ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืื™ื•ื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคึผืึธืœืง ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ, ืงืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื™.ืง. ืื•ื ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ "ืคื ืงืก ื•ื™ื˜ืœ", ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ 
ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื™ืึธืจ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ: ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื™ืŸ ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืคื•ืŸ 5ื˜ืŸ ืกืขืคึผื˜ืขืžื‘ืขืจ 1943, ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื ื“ื ื“ื™ืง ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคืขืœืงืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜: "... ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืก ืื•ื ื“ื– ืฆื•ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืคืŸ ื“ืขื ืขืจื’ืกื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื ื™ื“ืขืจื˜ืจืขื›ื˜ื™ืงืกื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืืฒึทืš... ืื™ืจ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืืคืฉืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืึทืœืข ื–ืึธืœืŸ ืคืึทืจืœืขื ื“ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ, ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืคืฉืจ ืื™ื ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื‘ืึทืคืฑื™ืœืŸ ืจืžื–ื™ืžื“ื™ืง 
ืื•ื ื“ื– ืึทืœืขืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ืคืึทืจื ื™ื›ื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฆืŸ, ืื™ืจ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืงืขื ื˜ ื“ืึธืก "ืชึผื•ืคืช"-ืคืึธืœืง, ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ืคืึทืจื“ืึทืจื‘ืขืจ 
ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ื“ื•ืช, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ื•ื™ ื‘ืึทืœื“ ืžืขืŸ ื’ื™ื˜ ืื™ื ื“ื™ ื“ืขืจืœื•ื™ื‘ืขื ื™ืฉ, ืื™ื, ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ืคืึธืœืง ื“ืขื ืฉื‚ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื‚ื˜ื ืก, ืฆื• 
ืฆืขืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืื™ื•ื‘ืก ื’ื•ื˜ืก -- ืฐืขื˜ ืขืจ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืฆืขืฉืขื“ื™ืงืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื–ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืขื›ื˜ืขืจ, ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฆืŸ ื–ืึธืžืขืŸ, ืื™ื•ื‘ืก 
ื‘ืœื•ื˜ืงืœื™ืึธืง, ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคื˜, ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื™ื‘ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ืก ื–ืึธืžืขืŸ. ื“ืึธืก ืฐืึธืก ืฐื•ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ืŸ ืฐืขื˜ ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืฉืœืึธื’ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ 
ืฉื—ื™ืŸ... ืžื™ืจ ืึทืœืข ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจื”ืจื’ืขื˜, ืึทืœืข ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื“ืขืจื”ืจื’ืขื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ, ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืึทืŸ ืึธืจืขืžืข 
ืžืฉืคึผื—ื”, ืึท ื ืขื‘ืขื›ื“ื™ืงืข, ืึท ืžืฉืคึผื—ื” ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืฉืœืึธื’ืขื ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทืฉืœืึธื’ืขื ืข ืžื™ื˜ ืฉื—ึดื™ืŸ, ืงืจืขืฆื™ืง ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ื ืคืฉ" 
(ื“ืึธืจื˜, ื–ื™ 193). 

ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื–ื™ึทื™ื˜ืœืขืš ืคื•ืŸ ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“ ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื™.ืง. -ืึทืจื›ื™ื•ื• ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ืœื•ื—ืžื™ ื”ื’ื™ื˜ืื•ืช, ืจืขื’ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ืจื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื ื•ืž' 
66ึธ.. / 

ื“ื™ ื“ืขืฉื™ืคืจื™ืจื™ืกื™ืžื ื™ื ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืึทื ื•ืฆืŸ ื–ื™ืš: 
: { 6 ืึท ืคืึทืจืžืขืงื˜ืขืจ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ 
} { ืึท ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจืขืจ ืฆื•ื’ืึธื‘ ืฆื•ื ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ 
1 } ืึท ื“ืขืกื˜ืึทื•ื•ืจื™ืจื˜ืขืจ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ | 
, , { { { = ืึท ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ืื•ืžื’ืขืงืขืจื˜ืขืจ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ื ืึธื›ืŸ ืคึผืึทืจืžืขืงืŸ (ื’ืขื ื•ืฆื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื™. ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืขืŸ ืึทืœื™ืŸ) 
ื”ืขืจื”: ื‘ืฒึท ืฐื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืฐืึธืก ืžื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืœืึธื–ืŸ ืึท ืœื™ื™ื“ื™ืง ืึธืจื˜, ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ 


ื“ืขืฉื™ืคืจื™ืจ-ืกื™ืžื ื™ื, 


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2 ื•ื•ื™ื“ืžื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืจืึทืžืข "ืื™ื•ื‘", ืคืึทืจ ืคืจืฒึทื™ื ื“= 


ืื™ื•ื‘ 2 ื“ืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืฐืึธืก ืœืฒึทื“ื˜+ {ื“ืขืจ ืฐืึธืก ืœืฒึทื™ื“ื˜ ืื•ืžื–ื™ืกื˜} 

2 ืฐืึธืก ื•ื•ืขืจื˜+ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืฉืœืึธื’ืขื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ 2ื–ืฒึทืŸ= ืงึทื’ึฐื•ึฐืจึตืœ 2 ืฉื™ืงื–ืึทืœ+ ื•ื•ื™ืกื˜ 
2 ืฐืึธืก+ ื“ืขืจ ?2 ืคื•ืŸ ื’ื•ืจืœ+ ืื•ืกื’ืขืœืึทื›ื˜ืขืจ 2 ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืงื–ืึทืœ {ื’ึธื•ืจืœ}+ ืคื•ื ืขื ืœืฅ 
ืื™ื•ื‘ ื“ืขืจ {ืื™ื™ื‘ื™|ืงืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ื•ืจืœ ืืฒื™ื‘ื™ืง / ืึธ {ืื™ื•ื‘} ืื™ื™ื‘ื™ืงืขืจ 

ื“ืขืจ |ืื™ื™ื‘ื™ืง ื’ืœื™ื™ืŸื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ืืฒื‘ื™ืง ืœืฒึทื“ื ื“ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืืฒื‘ื™ืง ื’ืœืฒื‘ื™ืง 

2 ื•ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜|+ ืึธ ืื™ื•ื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืžืึธืœ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขืฆื˜! 


ื“ืขื ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืคื™ืœื ื“ืŸ, ื”ืึทืจืฆื™ืงืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ ื“ืขื ื˜ืจืฒื™ืขืŸ 
2 = ื–ื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืึธืœืง ื“ืขื ื”' ื•ื™ื™ืฅ 
ืึท ืœืึทืœืก+ ืฆื™ื™ื›ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ื ื“ืฉืึทืคื˜ 


ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืžื›ื™ืจื™ ื•ืžื•ืงื™ืจ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืœ ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืจื’ 
ื‘ืจื’ืฉื™ ื™ื“ื™ื“ื•ืช 


ื› ื–ื— 6 ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืืœื”ื™ื• 
ืงื–ื— ื‘ื’ื™ืœื•+ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืืœื™ืœื• 
ื–ื” ื‘ืฆืขืจื• ื”ืจื‘ 
ื•ื–ื” ? ื‘ื’ื™ืœ = ื‘ื’ื™ืœื• 
ื› ืื—ื“ 4 {ื–ื” ื‘ืžื›ืื•ื‘ื• ื–ื”} ื‘ืื™ื“ื• ื–ื” ื‘ืฉืฉื•ื ื• 
ืงื•ืื ื›ื™ ื‘ 46 ื•ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื‘ืื™ื•ื‘ื• 


11 


ืื™ื•ื‘ ื–ื” ? ืื™ืฉ ื–ื” ืขื+ { 2ืจืง ืื•ืžื” = } {| } ื‘ืชื”ื} 


ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื 
ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ? ืื ื—ื ื• = ืขื 2 ืื™ื•ื‘ื™ื 6 ืงื‘ืœ ื ื 
ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”' ? ื”ื™ืงืจ ื•= ื”ื ืขืœื” ืžืจ ืง. ื–ื™ืœื‘ืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ 
ื ืขื ื™ื 


ืื™ื•ื‘, ื–ื” ืœื ืื™ืฉ ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืงื“ื•ืžื™ื ืืฉืจ ืขื‘ืจ- 
ืขื ื”ื•ื, ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืขื ืื™ื•ื‘ื™ื 

ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืขื ื™ื ื•ืžื›ื™ื ืขืœ ืœื ื“ื‘ืจ 

ืื ื—ื ื• ืœืžื•ื“ื™ ืฆืขืจ {ืฑื’ื•ืŸ} ื•ืžื›ืื•ื‘ื™ื 


1 } ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื—ื–"ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืชึผืœืžื•ื“ 

1 } ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ? ื’ืึธืจ + ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ื’ืึธืจ 

{ /ืึท ืกื™ืžื‘ืึธืœ (ื ืึธืจ| ืคืึทืจ ืื•ื ื“ื–,  {โ€ } ืึทืœ'ืžืขืŸ, 
1 ืึทืŸึฐืŸ ืืžืช ืึท ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ืขืจ, 

1 } {ืก'ืื™ื–} ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื•ืš ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืงืœืขืจื˜ืขืจ 


2 ืึท ื“ื™ื›ื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืงืœืึธื’+ ืคื•ืŸ { ื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืจื™ืงืข} ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ 
1 } ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืงืœืึธื’ืœื™ื“ 2 ืžื™ื˜ + {ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืจื™ืงืข! ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ 

1 } ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ? ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื’ืื•ืŸ + ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื“ื™ื›ื˜ืขืจ-- 

1 ืึทืŸ ืฉืคึผื™ื’ืœ ืื™ื– ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืึธืจื˜ 

{ืื™ืš ื’ื™ื‘ } ? ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืข = 

ืื™ืš ื’ื™ื‘ ื“ืขื ื”' ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ { } ื”' ืง. ื–ื™ืœื‘ืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฐื•ืขืจืง ? ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ+ {ืคื•ืŸ} 


(ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืœืขื›ืข ืœืฒึทื™ื“ืŸ} ืื™ื•ื‘, ? ืžื™ื˜ + ื’ืึธืจ ืคืจืฒึทื™ื ื“ืœืขืš ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆื•ืขื ืขืœืกืึธืš 


12 


ืึทืจื™ื™ื ืคื™ืจ 26 


"ื™ื–ื›ึผื•ืจ" ? ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ = 


ืื•ื™ืš ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืขืžืข ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจืœืึธืจืŸ ื’ืขื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ (ื–ืข ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืึทืจืฒึทื ืคื™ืจ ืฆื• ื ื•ืž' 5), 
ืขืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืคืึทืจื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืจืขืฉื˜ืœืขืš ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื•ื ื’ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืขืžื ื•ืืœ ืจื™ื ื’ืขืœื‘ืœื•ืžืก ื˜ืึธื’ื‘ื•ืš. 
ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ืคื•ืŸ 26ื˜ืŸ ื“ืขืฆืขืžื‘ืขืจ 1941 ื”ืึทืœื˜ ืจื™ื ื’ืขืœื‘ืœื•ื ืคืึทืจ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืึทืจืฒึทื ืฆื•ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ ื–ืขืงืก ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืขืžืข, ื‘ืขืช ืขืจ ื”ืึทืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื•ื™ืคื™ืงืข ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉืŸ, ืขืจ ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ื˜: "ื™ื–ื›ึผื•ืจ -- ื“ื™ ื ืฒึทืข 
ืคึผืึธืขืžืข 'ืขื™ืจ ื”ืฉื—ื™ื˜ื”'". ื“ืขืจ ืœืึทืงืึธื ื™ืฉืขืจ ื–ืึทืฅ ื“ืึทืจืฃ ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ืึทื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื•ื™ ืึท ื›ืึทืจืึทืงื˜ืขืจื™ื–ืึทืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื 
ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืขืžืข "ื™ื–ื›ึผื•ืจ" -- ื•ื™ ืึท ื ืฒึทืข ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืข ืคื•ื ืขื ืื™ื ื”ืึทืœื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื—.ื . ื‘ื™ืึทืœื™ืงืก "ื‘ืขื™ืจ 
ื”ื”ืจื™ื’ื”", ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ "ืขืœ ื”ืฉื—ื™ื˜ื”", ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึทืจืฃ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ืึทื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื•ื™ ืึท ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืขืžืข 
(ืจื™ื ื’ืขืœื‘ืœื•ืžืก ื ืึธื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ื—ืœืง ืคื•ืŸ "ื™ื–ื›ึผื•ืจ", ื–ืข ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืึทืจืฒึทื ืคื™ืจ ืฆื• ื ื•ืž' 5), 
ืฆื‘ื™ื” ืœื•ื‘ืขื˜ืงื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธืขืžืข "ื™ื–ื›ึผื•ืจ" ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื”ืคืกืงื”, ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ (ื–ืข: 
ืœื•ื‘ื˜ืงื™ืŸ, ืกืคืจ ื“ืจื•ืจ, ื–ื™ 463), ื“ื™ ื”ืฉืขืจื” ืื™ื– ืึทื– ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื—ืœืง ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืขืžืข ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ 
ืื™ืŸ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืืœื•ืœ ืชืฉ"ื ?ืืฑื’ื•ืกื˜ 24 -- ืกืขืคึผื˜ืขืžื‘ืขืจ 21 1941 6 (ื–ืข: ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืคื•ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื, 
ืชืฉื›"ื˜ - ื ื•ืž' 27). 

ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื™ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืขืžืข ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ืคืึธืจื’ืขืœื™ื™ืขื ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ, ืžื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื ืึธืจ 
ืžืฉืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื™ืŸ ืึทื– ื™ื™ืง. ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื’ืขืœื™ื™ืขื ื˜ ืคืึทืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืจื•ืจ-ื”ื—ืœื•ืฅ, ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ืฐื™ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืก ืคืจื™ึดืขืจ 
ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข ืฐื•ืขืจืง (ื“ืขื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ "ื™ื–ื›ึผื•ืจ" ืึทืจืฒึทื ื’ืขืจืขื›ื ื˜). ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืคืึทืœืŸ 
ืคืึทืจืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื˜ ืจื™ื ื’ืขืœื‘ืœื•ื ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื ืึธื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืขืžืข "ื™ื–ื›ึผื•ืจ", ืึท ืคึผืึธืจ ืžืึธื ืึทื˜ืŸ ื ืึธืš ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข 
ืคืึธืจืœืขื–ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ. ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืžืขื’ ืžืขืŸ ื–ืขืŸ ืึท ืกื™ืžืŸ ืคืึทืจืŸ ื“ืฑืขืจื”ืึทืคื˜ืŸ ืืฒึทื ื“ืจื•ืง ืฐืึธืก ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื—ืœืงื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืคึผืึธืขืžืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ, ืฆื™ ืฐืฒึทืœ ืื™ืจ ืื™ื ื”ืึทืœื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื“ืขื ืงื˜, ืฆื™ ืฐืฒึทืœ ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืœืขื–ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ 
ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื”ืึทื˜ ืึท ืคืึธืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’, ืฆื™ ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข. ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืื™ื ื”ืึทืœื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืึทื ืฆืขืจ ืคึผืึธืขืžืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื ืึธืจ ืึทืŸ 
ืึธื ืฆื•ื”ืขืจืขื ื™ืฉ ืื™ืŸ ืจื™ื ื’ืขืœื‘ืœื•ืžืก ืึธื ืฐืฒึทื™ื– ืืฑืฃ ื—.ื . ื‘ื™ืึทืœื™ืงืก ื”ืฉืคึผืขื”, ืฆืฐื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ 
ืื™ื ื”ืึทืœื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ื—ืœืง. 


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ืึทืจื™ื™ื ืคื™ืจ 27 


ืžื™ืš ืฆื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึทืก 


ืึท ื˜ืขืึทื˜ืขืจ-ืฉืคึผื™ืœ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืจืึทืžืขืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืจืฒึท ืึทืงื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืคึผืจืึธืœืึธื’ ืื•ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืขืคึผื™ืœืึธื’ (ืคืึทืจื’ืœืฒึทืš: ืฆื•ืงืจืžืŸ.- 
ืžื‘ืคื ื™ื, ื™"ื’, ื– 32;ื–ืข: ื›ืชื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื, ืชืฉื›"ื˜, ื–' 388), ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ 
ื’ืขื˜ืึธ. ื“ืขืจ ื’ืึทื ืฆืขืจ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜, ืคืึทืจืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืจืฒึท ื”ืขืคื˜ืŸ, ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจืœืึธืจืŸ ื’ืขื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื’ืขื˜ืึธ-ืฆืฒื™ื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื™-ืง'ืก ืฐืขืจืง ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืฉืคึผื•ืจืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืื™ื ื”ืึทืœื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืจืงื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ. ืœื•ื˜ ื“ืขืจ 
ืึธื ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืขื ืขืจ ื”ืฉืขืจื”, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืคื•ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื, ืชืฉื›"ื˜, ื ื•ืž' 28, ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ 
ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืืœื•ืœ ืชืฉ"ื- ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉ"ื‘ ? ืฆื•ื™ืฉืŸ 24ื˜ืŸ ืืฑื’ื•ืกื˜ ืื•ืŸ 21ื˜ืŸ ืึธืงื˜ืึธื‘ืขืจ 61941. 

ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืึทื˜ืขืจ-ืฉืคึผื™ืœ ืื™ื– ืคืึธืจื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช-ื™ืชื•ืžื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื•ื“ ื“ืึธืžื‘ืจืึธื•ื•ืกืงื™, ื“ืขื ืฉืฐืึธื’ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื‘ืขืจืœ ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ-- ื™-ืง'ืก ื‘ืจื•ื“ืขืจ-- ืื•ื™ืฃ ื˜ืฐืึทืจื“ืข 7, ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ (ื–ืข: ื›ืชื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื, 
ืชืฉื›"ื˜, ื–' 358/9, 388). ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืขื ื“ื™ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ-ื›ืึธืจ. ืฆื•ื 
ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ื™.ืง. ืคืึธืจื’ืขืœื™ื™ืขื ื˜ ื“ืขื ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืคืึทืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื—ื‘ืจื™ื, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ "ื“ืจื•ืจ"-ืงืึธืžื•ื ืข ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื–ื™ืขืœื ืึท 
4 ืฆื•ื ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืืฒึทื ื’ืขืœืึทื“ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืœืขืจืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื—ื™ื ื•ืš-ืขืกืงื ื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข 
ืฉื•ืœืŸ, ืื•ื™ืš ื™ืึทื ื•ืฉ ืงืึธืจื˜ืฉืึทืง ืื•ืŸ ืกื˜ืขืคืึท ื•ื•ื™ืœื˜ืฉื™ื ืกืงืึท. ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ื”ืึธื˜ ื™.ืง. ืึทืœืฒืŸ ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ 
ืึท ื’ืจื•ืคึผืข ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืžื‘ืจืึธื•ื•ืกืงื™ืก ื‘ื™ืช-ื™ืชื•ืžื™ื, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืึทื˜ืขืจ- ืฉืคึผื™ืœ ืคืึธืจื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื–ืข: 
ืฆื•ืงืจืžืŸ- ืžื‘ืคื ื™ื, ื™"ื’, ื–' 32). 

ืขืก ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜, ืึทื– "ืžื™ืš ืฆื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึทืก" ืื™ื– ืคืึธืจื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืึทื ื•ืฉ ืงืึธืจื˜ืฉืึทืงืก ื‘ื™ืช- 
ื™ืชื•ืžื™ื (ื–ืข: ืขืง (ืช ืฉ"ืš), ื–ื™ 201. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื•ื™ ืขืก ืฐืฒึทื–ื˜ ืื•ื™ืก, ืึท ื˜ืขื•ืช ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื”ื–ืขืฆืขืจ (ืฐื•ื™ ืขืก 
ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจื˜ ื ืชืŸ ืขืง ืึทืœืฒืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืจื™ื•ื• ืฆื• ืžื™ืจ, ืคื•ืŸ 24ื˜ืŸ ืึธืงื˜ืึธื‘ืขืจ 1978). 

ื“ืขืจ ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื“ืขื“ื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืžื—ื‘ืจ, ืื™ื– ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืคื•ืŸ "ื“ืจื•ืจ" ืื•ื™ืฃ 
ื“ื–ื™ืขืœื ืึท 34. ืก'ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืึทื– ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื ืื™ื– ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ (ื–ืข: ื›ืชื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื, ืชืฉื›"ื˜, ื–' 
8 ืขืก ื“ืึทืจืฃ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืึธื ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ, ืึทื– ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืฐืึธืก ื’ืขื”ืขืจืŸ ืฆื•ื ื“ืจืึทืžืึทื˜ื™ืฉืŸ ืžืึธื ืึธืœืึธื’ "ื”ืึทื ื“ืœ", 
ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทืœื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืึทื ื“ืœืึทืจื–ืฉ (ื–ืข ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ, ื ื•ืž' 19), ืฐื•ืขืจืŸ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ 
ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ "ืžื™ืš ืฆื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึทืก" ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืึธืœืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื“ื™ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช-ื™ืชื•ืžื™ื ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฉืคึผื™ืœื˜.- ื‘ืฒื™ 
ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืจืง ื™"ื ืคื•ืŸ "ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ืคื•ื ืขื ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื”ืจื’ืขื˜ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืึธืœืง", ื“ืึธืจื˜, ื–ื™ 88-- 89, 
ืขืก ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจ ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืึทื– ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ "ื”ืึทื ื“ืœ", ืฆื™ ืึท ื—ืœืง ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื ืึธื“ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืœืฒึทื™ื›ืŸ, ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท 
ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ืฒื˜ืฒืœ ืคื•ืŸ "ืžื™ืš ืฆื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึทืก", ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธืœืึธื’, ืื™ืŸ ืขืคึผื™ืœืึธื’ - ืฆื™ ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’. 
ืžืขืจ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทืฐืฒึทื–ืŸ ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขื ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคืึทืจืึทืŸ. 

ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื ื”ืึทืœื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื˜ืจืึทื’ื™ืฉืŸ ื’ื•ืจืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ืชื•ืžื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ. ืึท ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข 
ืฆืึธืœ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ, ืึธืŸ ื˜ืึทื˜ืข-ืžืึทืžืข ืื•ืŸ ืึธืŸ ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื, ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืฆื• ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื’ืึทืกื ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ. ื“ื™ ืžืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒ -- ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื‘ืขื˜ืœืขืจ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืคืœืขื’ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืฆื• ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืขืคึผืขืก ืคืึทืจื“ื™ื ืขืŸ ื‘ืฒึท ืœืฒึทื›ื˜ืขืจ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜. ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื–ื™ 
ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ "ื›ืึทืคึผืขืจืก", ืึทื–ืฑื ืข ืฐืึธืก ืคืœืขื’ืŸ ื‘ืึทื’ื ื‘ืขื ืขืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืงืจืึธืžืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืึทืก-- ืื•ืŸ 
ืคืœืขื’ืŸ ื’ืœื™ึทื™ืš ืึทื ื˜ืœืฑืคืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืึทื–ืึท ืžืึทืจืง-ื™ื™ึทื ื’ืœ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– 
ื’ืขื‘ืจืึทื›ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื‘ื™ืช-ื™ืชื•ืžื™ื ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื’ืขืคึผืจื•ึผื•ื•ื˜ ืื™ื ืฆื• ื“ืขืจืฆื™ืขืŸ. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ืึธืก ื™ื™ึดื ื’ืœ, ืฐืึธืก 
ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืขืฐื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ ืฆื•ื ื’ืึทืกื ืœืขื‘ืŸ, ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืฆื• ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืึทื ื˜ืจื™ื ืขืŸ - ื“ื™ ื’ืึทืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื’ืขืฆื•ื™ื’ืŸ. 


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ื•ื™ ืขืก ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ื™.ืง. ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ื”ืฑืคึผื˜ืจืึธืœ ื˜ืึทืงืข ื’ืขืฉืคึผื™ืœื˜ ืึทื–ืึท ืžื™ืŸ ื™ื™ึถื ื’ืœ (ื–ืข: ืขืง (ืชืฉ"ืš), ื–ื™ 201). 

ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืึทื˜ืฒืœื™ืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืึทืจืœืึธืจืขื ืขื ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“, 
ื‘ืึทืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื˜ ื™.ืง. ื“ืึธืก ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื˜ืฐืึทืจื“ืข 7, ืฐื•ึผ ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ ื ืึธืš ื“ืขื ื•ื™ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืึทื ืฆืขืจ 
ื‘ื™ืช-ื™ืชื•ืžื™ื -- ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืœืขืจืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ-- ืื™ื– ืึทืฐืขืงื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืจืขื‘ืœื™ื ืงืข, ืื™ืŸ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ 
ืืฑื™ื’ื•ืกื˜ 1942; 

"ื’ืขื“ืขื ืงืกื˜ ื“ืึธืก ื”ื•ื™ื– ืื•ื™ืฃ ื˜ืฐืึทืจื“ืึท, ื“ืึธืก ื”ื•ื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ืงืœื™ื™ื ืขื ื’ืขื˜ืึธ, ื“ืึธืก ื™ืชื•ืžื™ื-ื”ื•ื™ื–? / ื“ื™ ืคื•ืคืฆื™ืง 
ื™ื™ื ื’ืขืœืขืš? ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ืึท ืฉื˜ืึทื! ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืคืึทืจ ื–ื™ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืึท ื˜ืขืึทื˜ืขืจ-ืฉืคึผื™ืœ, / ื’ืขื“ืขื ืงืกื˜ ื“ื™ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ "ืžื™ืš 
ืฆื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึทืก!?" ื–ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืฉืคึผื™ืœื ื“ื™ืง ื’ืขืฐืึธืงืกืŸ, ืืฑืกื’ืขืฐืึธืงืกืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก, / ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืง... ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžืขืจ 
ืฐื™ ืื™ืš ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื”ืึทืจืฅ ืึทืจืฒึทื ื’ืขืœืฒื’ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืžืขืจ ื’ืขืคื™ืœ... / ..... 

ื“ื™ ืžืึทื ื˜ืขืœืขืš -- ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืœืขื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึธืจื™ื“ืึธืจ ืึท ืฉืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ! ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื“ืขืจืงืขื ื˜ / ืื•ืŸ 
ืึธื ื’ืขืจื™ืจื˜ ื–ื™ื™: ืึทื‘ืืœืข! ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฉืคึผื™ืœื˜ ื“ืขื ื”ืึทื ื“ืœืึทืจื–ืฉ ืฐืึธืก ืงื•ืžื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืฃ, / ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ 
ื”ื•ื™ืš ื“ืขื ืงืึธืคึผ, ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืš ืฆื• ืึทืœืข ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจ, ื’ืขืคืึธื›ืขื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜: / ื“ืึธืก ืคึผืึทืœื˜ืึธืœืข ืื™ื– ืึทื”ืจืงืขืก, ืขืจ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฉืคึผื™ืœื˜ ื“ื™ ื”ืฑืคึผื˜ืจืึธืœ: ื“ืขื ื™ื™ึดื ื’ืœ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ืก'ืฆื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึทืก, / "ืžื™ืš ืฆื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึทืก!" ืื•ืŸ ื ืึทืจื˜ ื“ืขื ืœืขืจืขืจ 
ืึธืคึผ: ืื™ืš ืžื•ื– ืึทื”ื™ื! ืขืจ ื ืึทืจื˜, ืขืจ ื ืึทืจื˜ ืึธืคึผ ื“ืขื ืœืขืจืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขื–ืึทื ื’: / "ื“ื™ ืžืึทืžืข ืื™ื– ืžื™ืจ ืงืจืึทื ืง!" ืื•ืŸ ืจืขื“ื˜ 
ืึท ื—ื‘ืจ ืฆื•: "ืงื•ื, ื–ื™ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืคืŸ, ืื™ืš -- ืื™ืš ืงืœืึทืคึผ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืึทืฅ" / ืคื•ืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืฃ ืึทื ื˜ืœื•ื™ืคื˜ ืขืจ ืฆ'ืจื™ืง ืื™ืŸ 
ืงืœืึทืก ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืงืœืึทืก ื’ืขื•ื•ื•ื™ืจ: ื“ื™ ืžืึทืžืข ืื™ื– ืื™ื ื˜ืึทืงืข ืงืจืึทื ืง! / 

ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก! ื“ืึธืก ื ืฒึทืข ืžืึทื ื˜ืขืœืข ืื™ื– ืคึผื ื—ืกืœืก, ื”ืขืจืฉืขืœืขืก, ื“ืขื ื“ื™ื›ื˜ืขืจืก ื–ื•ืŸ, ืึท ื˜ืฒื™ืขืจ ืงื™ื ื“! / ื”ืขืจืฉืขืœืข ืื™ื– 
ืืฑื™ืกื’ืขื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจืึทื™ืึธืจืŸ ื ืึธืš ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื’ืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื™ืŸ ื™ืชื•ืžืœ, ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื–ื•ืŸ / ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฉืคึผื™ืœื˜ ื“ืขื ื”ื•ื ื’ืขืจื™ืงืŸ ื™ื™ึดื ื’ืœ 
ืฐืึธืก ื›ืึทืคึผื˜ ื’ืขืฉื™ืงื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืงื•ื™ืฉ ืึท ื–ืขืžืขืœืข ื’ืขืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื“ / ืขืจ ืขืกื˜'ืก ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืจื™ื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื, ืจืขื“ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท 
ื˜ืจืขืจืขืœืข ืื™ืŸ ืงืขืœ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ืขืจืคื•ืŸ... / | 

ืื™ืš ื’ื™ื™ ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืึทืœ ืื•ืŸ ืœื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ืŸ ืฉืจืขืง ืึทืจืฑืก, ืื™ืš ืจืฒึทืก ืื™ืŸ ืขืกืฆื™ืžืขืจ ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ / ืจืฒึทืก 
ืื™ืš ืฆื• ื“ื•ื“ืŸ, ื“ืึธืžื‘ืจืึธื•ื•ืกืงื™ืŸ, ื–ื™ืš ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ, ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืœืขืจืขืจ... ื ื™ื˜ืึธ ืื™ื ืื•ื™ืš! ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ื, ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ! / ื–ื™ ืื•ื™ืš... 
ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื–ื™ื™ ื•ื™ ืงืึธืจื˜ืฉืึทืง ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืœื˜ืฉื™ื ืกืงืึท ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ื’ืขื’ืึทืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื™ืชื•ืžื™ืžืœืขืš ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขื ืึธืจื˜ / ืฐื•ึผ ืก'ืฐืึธืœื˜ืŸ 
ืขืœื˜ืขืจืŸ ื–ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืึทื’ืœืฒื˜... ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“ ืื™ื– ืืฑืกื’ืขืฉืึธื˜ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืš ืึท ื‘ืึทืจื’ ืคึผืึทืคึผื™ืจ-- / 

ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขื–ื•ื›ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื™ืก ืคึผืึทืคึผื™ืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฆืขืฐืึธืจืคืขื ืขื... ืึธ ืฐืึทืจืคื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืฒึทืขืจ ืึทืœืข ืžืฒึทื ืข ืฐืขืจืง / ืื•ืŸ 
ืจืึทื˜ืขืฐืขื˜ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืชื•ืžืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคื•ืคืฆื™ืง ื™ื™ึดื ื’ืขืœืขืš, ื“ื™ ื˜ืฒืขืจืข, ืžื™ืจ ืึธืคึผ- / ื—ื ื”ืœืข, ื’ืขื“ืขื ืงืกื˜, ืึทื ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ืึท 
ื™ืชื•ืžืœ, ืึท ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ ืงื™ื ื“, ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ืึทื”ืฒื ื’ืขื‘ืจืึทื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืฐืึทืจื“ืึท ื’ืึทืก ืึท ืฆื•ื•ืขืจื’ -- / "ืžื™ืš ืฆื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึทืก!" ืื™ื™ืŸ 
ื”ืขืคื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืขืคื˜ืŸ ื“ืจืฒึทื™, ื“ืขื ืžื™ื˜ืœืกื˜ืŸ, ืึท ืฆื•ื•ืขืจื’ ืึธืŸ ืคื™ืก ืื•ืŸ ืึธืŸ ืึท ืงืึธืคึผ." 

(ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ืคื•ื ืขื ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื”ืจื’ืขื˜ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืึธืœืง, ื–ื™ 88 - 89) 


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ืึท ื–ื™ื™ื˜ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื›ืจืึธื ื™ืง 


ืึทืจื™ื™ื  ืคื™ืจ 29 
ืœืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื›ืจืึธื ื™ืง = 


ืึท ืคืจืึทื’ืžืขื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื›ืจืึธื ื™ืง ืื•ื™ืฃ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ, ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืึธื ื”ืฒื‘ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืคืขื‘ืจื•ืึทืจ 1942. ืก'ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคืึทืจื”ื™ื˜ ืฆึทื•ื•ื™ื™ 
ื”ืึทืœื‘ ืคืึทืจืคื•ื™ืœื˜ืข ื–ืฒึทื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืœืขื˜ืœ, ืคืึทืจืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขืืฒึทืœื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช. ื“ืึธืก ื‘ืœืขื˜ืœ ื–ืขื˜ 
ืื•ื™ืก ืฆื• ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืึท ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื˜ืึธื’ื›ืจืึธื ื™ืง, ืคืึทืจืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึธืจื ืคื•ืŸ ืงื•ืจืฆืข 
ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ื›ึผืกื“ืจ. ื™ืขื“ืข ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื•ื™ ืึท ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืคืึทืจ ื–ื™ืš, ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืขืจ 
ื“ืึทื˜ืข. ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื–ืฒึทื˜ืŸ ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึทื–ืฑ ืึทืจื•ื-- 3 ืงื•ืจืฆืข ืจืฉื™ืžื•ืช ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ืขื ื–ืขืœื‘ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’, ื“ืขื ืคืขืจื˜ืŸ 
ืคืขื‘ืจื•ืึทืจ 1942, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืจืฉื™ืžื”, ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืึท ื˜ืึธื’ ืคืจื™ึดืขืจ. ื™ืขื“ืข ืื™ื™ื ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืจืฒึท ืจืฉื™ืžื•ืช ื˜ืจืึธื’ื˜ ืึท 
ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจืข ืื™ื“ืขื ื˜ื™ืฉืข ื“ืึทื˜ืข. 

ืก'ืื™ื– ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืึทื– ื“ืขืจ ืคืจืึทื’ืžืขื ื˜ ืื™ื– ืึท ื‘ืึทืฐืฒึทื–, ืึทื– ื™.ืง. ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ืึท ื˜ืึธื’- 
ื˜ืขื’ืœืขื›ืข ื›ืจืึธื ื™ืง. ืฆื• ืื•ื ื“ื– ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืงื™ื™ื ืข ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ืขืจื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ, ืื•ื™ืกืขืจ ื“ืขื 
ืคืจืึทื’ืžืขื ื˜ ื’ื•ืคื, ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ ืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืคึผ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืงืœื™ื™ื ืข ื˜ืึธื’ื™ื˜ืขื’ืœืขื›ืข ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉืŸ 
ืฐืึธืก ื“ืขืจื•ื•ืขืงืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืจืขืึทืงืฆื™ืข ืื•ืŸ ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืง. ืึท ืกื™ืžืŸ ืึทื– ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืจืขืกืขืจ, ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืฒึทื 
ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜, ืฐื•ึผ ืขืก ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืคืึทืจืขื ื“ื™ืงื˜ ืึท ื–ืึทืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืคืจื™ืขืจื“ื™ืงืŸ ืคึผืึทืจืึทื’ืจืึทืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ 
ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืฆื• ืื•ื ื“ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ืขืจื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ. ื“ืึธืก ื‘ืœืขื˜ืœ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืคึผื’ืขืจืึทื˜ืขืฐืขื˜ ืื™ื– ืึทื–ืฑ ืึทืจื•ื ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ืขืจ 
ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื›ืจืึธื ื™ืง, ื ืึธืจ ืึท ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ (ื–ืข ืคืึทืงืกื™ืžื™ืœื™ืข ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ื™ 616). 

ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืชึผืงื•ืคื” ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืขืŸ ื‘ืคืจื˜, ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืึทื–ืึท ื•ื•ืขืจืง ื ื™ืฉื˜ 
ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ ื‘ื›ืœืœ. ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื“ืึธ ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ืฆื•ื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืžืึธืœ. ื“ืขืจ ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“ ื’ืขืคื™ื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื™ื™ืง. -ืึทืจื›ื™ื•ื• 
ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ืœื•ื—ืžื™ ื”ื’ื™ื˜ืื•ืช, ืจืขื’ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื ื•ืž' 11/1029ื 


9 9 + 4 


.....ืคื•ืŸ ืžืฉื•ืžื“ื™ื. ื‘ื•ื ื“ื™ืกื˜ืŸ, ืœื™ื ืงืข ืคึผ"ืฆืงืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข ืขืจื‘-ืžืฉื•ืžื“ื™ื. 


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ืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ืึทื– ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ื–ื™ืฆื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื›ึผืœืœ-ื˜ื•ืขืจ, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึธื ื•ื•ืขื–ื ื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื’. ืคื•ืŸ ื‘. ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื–ื™ืš ืจ. ืึธืคึผื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืข ืฐื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ: "ื˜ืึธืžืขืจ ืฐืขื˜ ื“ืึธืก ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืคืึธืœืง ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืฐืขืœ ืื™ืš 

ื ื™ื˜ ืจืฒึทืกืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืงืจื™ืขื”". 


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ืึท ืžืฉื•ืžื“, ื–ืฑื™|ืฆื ื“ื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ืฉื™ื˜ืึธืก-ืง!ื™ืŸื›ืŸ (ืฐื•ึผ ืขืก ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข 
ืฉื•ื•ืขืจื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืžืขืจืขืจ { }ื–ืึธื’ื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื–ืœืึธื˜ืขืก ืึท 
ื–ื•ืคึผื ืงืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื’ืขืžื™ื–ืข) ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืฆื• ืึท ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ (ื’ืขื’ืขืกืŸ} ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื ื‘ืฒึทื™ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ื™ืฉืœ ืื•ืŸ 
ื–ืฒึทืขื ื“!ื™ื–ืง ืคืึทืจืงื™ืœื˜ ืึท ื”ื•ืกื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ: ืคึผืึทืจืฉื™ืฐืฑ ื–ืฉื™ื“! ื“ืขื ืžืฉื•ืžื“ ืื™ื– ืฐื™ ืขืก ืฐืฒึทื–ื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ื ื™ื˜ 


17 


ืึธื ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ืขื ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืึธื’ ืคืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื–ืœืึธื˜ืขืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ืขืจ 
ืงื™ืš... ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ื“ ื–ืฒึทืขื ื“ื™ืง ืคึผืึทืจืงื™ืœื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึท ื”ื•ืกื˜ ื’ื ืขื˜ืึธื–!, ื“ืขืจ ืžืฉื•ืžื“ ื–ืฒึทืขื ื“ื™ืง ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ื•ื™ ืึท ื’ื™ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื–ื™ื“ืœื˜... 


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ื‘ืฒึทื™ื ื™.ื”.ืง. ืื™ื– ื“ืึธ ืึท ื”ืฉื’ื—ื”-ืึทืžื˜ (ืึท ื•ึทื ืึทื“ื–ืŸืึธืจ) ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทื“ืฐืึธืงืึทื˜ืŸ ืฆื™ ืขืจื‘-ืึทื“ืฐืึธืงืึทื˜ืŸ 
(ืฐืึธืก| ืึทืจื‘ืขื–ื˜ {ื“ืึธืจื˜} ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ื”ื•ื™ื–ื•ื•ื™ืจื˜, ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืื•ื™ืกืงื•ื™ืคืŸ ื•ืึท ืฆืขื˜ืœืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ืžื™ื˜ืึธื’, ื–ืฒึทืขื ื“ื™ืง 
ื“ืขืจ ืœืขืฆื˜ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืจื™ื™ ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ. ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื ื–ืฉื™ื ืขืจ ืฐืึธืก ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจ ืื™ื ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืื™ื 
ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืึธืจื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืœืึธื–ืŸ. ืกืงืึทื ื“ืึทืœืขืฐืขื˜ ื”ื•ื™ื–ื•ื•ื™ืจื˜, ื•ื™ืœ ืื™ื ืœืขื’ื™ื˜ื™ืžื™ืจืŸ. ืึทื– ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื ื–ืฉ. ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื˜ ืื™ื 
ื“ืขืจื•ื™ืฃ, ื ืขืžื˜ ืขืจ ืึทืจืฑืก ืึท ื ืึธื˜ื™ืฆื‘ื•ืš, ื ืงื•ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš} ืืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืื™ื ื–ืฉ. ื’ืขื–ื™ื›ื˜, ืคืึทืจืฆื™ื™ื›ื ื˜... 
ืฆื•ืงื•ืžืขื ื“ื™ืง ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืคืึทืจืงื•ื™ืคึผืขืจื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆืขื˜ืขืœืขืš ืคืึธื“ืขืจื˜ ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื–ื™ ื–ืึธืœ ืื™ื ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ื“ืขื 
ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ืœืึธื–ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืึธืจื˜ืŸ.} ื“ืึธ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฉื•ื™ืŸ 
ืึทืจืฒึทื ื’ืขืžื™ืฉื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืœื™ืฆื™ืึทื ื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทื ืขืŸ ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ืœืขื’ื™ื˜ื™ืžื™ืจื˜: ื”ืึธื˜ 

| ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืึทื– ืก'ืื™ื– ื”ื•ื™ื–ื•ื•ื™ืจื˜ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื”ืฉื’ื—ื”-ืึทืžื˜... 
ื“ื™ ื•ึทืžืขื–ึฐืฉื‚ื™ื ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื’ื—ื”-ืึทืžื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ืขืก ืคื™ืจื˜ ืึธืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึทื“ื•. ื“"ืจ ืฐืขืœื™ืงืึธื•ื•ืกืงื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืึท 
ืคึผืจืง ืคืึทืจ ื–ื™ืš. | 


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ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืึท ื‘ื—ื•ืจืœ ืึท ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื–ืขื ืขืจ ืึทืกืคึผื™ืจืึทื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื™ื™ึธื•ื•ืึธ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืœื ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืคื ื˜ืœืขืš ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึทืŸ ืึธืฐื ื˜ 
ืื™ืŸ ื•ึทื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื ื˜ืฒืœ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื’. ืึทื–ืฑ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜: ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ืึธ 8 ืžื™ืœื™ืึธืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ, 

ื“"ื” ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืจื™ื™ื“ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ... 
-- ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื™ืŸื ึธืžึฐื—ึทืง}ืงืœืึทืคึผ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืก ื‘ื—ื•ืจืœ ืื•ื™ืก{ื’ืขืŸืžืขืงื˜ 9-- 10 ืžื™ืœื™ืึธืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื. 
ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืก ื–ืึธืœ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื“ืึธืก "ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ" ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ื—ื•ืจืœ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืžื•ื–ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฆื™ื›ื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ 8 ืžื™ืœื™ืึธืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ 
ืื•ื™ืš. ืขืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื‘ื—ื•ืจืœ ืžื™ื˜ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื”ื•ื ืŸื“ืขืจืŸื˜ ื–ืขืœื‘ืกื˜-ืคืึทืจืœื™ื™ืงืขื ืขืจ, ืžื™ื˜ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ 
ืฐืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืงื•ื™ื™ืŸ) ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ื ื™ื˜. 


18 


ืึทืจื™ื™ื™ื ืคื™ืจ 29 


ืึท ืฆื™ืงืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืคื™ืจ ืœื™ื“ืขึถืจ, ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ -- ืฐื•ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ 1942. ืึทืœืข ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืข: ื“ืขื 10 ื˜ืŸ ืคืขื‘ืจื•ืึทืจ 
2 ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื“ืขืจ "ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื’ืขืจ" (ื–ืข ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ, ื ื•ืž' 23) ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ ืึท ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื’ืจืขืกืขืจืŸ ืฆื™ืงืœ 
ืœื™ื“ืขืจ, ื‘ืึทืงืึทื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืŸ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ: "ืžืฉืคึผื—ื”-ืœื™ื“ืขืจ". 

ื‘ืขืช ื“ื™ ืืฑืกื’ืจืึธื‘ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื–ื™ืขืœื ืึท 34, ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ 1945, ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทื’ืจืึธื‘ืขื ืขื ืึทืจื›ื™ื•ื• 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ "ื“ืจื•ืจ"-ื‘ืึทื•ื•ืขื’ื•ื ื’-- ื“ืจืฒึท ืคึฟืึทืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“ืŸ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื™.ืงื™ืก "ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืขืœื˜". ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจืึทืŸ ืึทืœืข ืคื™ืจ ืœื™ื“ืขืจ; ื“ืขืจ ื“ืจื™ื˜ืขืจ ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“ ืึทื ื˜ื”ืึทืœื˜ ื ืึธืจ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืœื™ื“. 

ืื•ื™ืš ื“ื™ ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืœื™ื™ืขื ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืคืึทืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืคืจืฒึทื™ื ื“ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธืžื•ื ืข ืคื•ืŸ "ื“ืจื•ืจ", ืคืึทืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืขืจ 
ืื™ื– ื–ื™ืš ื ื•ื”ื’ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืฆื•ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ืึทืœืฅ ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ืึธื ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ (ื–ืข: ื›ืชื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื, ืชืฉื›"ื˜, ื– 
8 3659). ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข ื•ื•ืขืจืง ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ืึทืงืึทื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ, ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ืึธืจ 
ืื™ืŸ ืขื ื’ืŸ ืงืจืฒื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืคืจืฒึทื ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืจื•ืจ-ื”ื—ืœื•ืฅ; ืื•ื™ืฃ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข ืื•ืคื ื™ื ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื“ืขืจื’ืจื™ื™ื›ื˜ ืฆื• 
ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืขืจืข ืฉื™ื›ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ-ื‘ืึทืคืขืœืงืขืจื•ื ื’; (ื) ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืขืงื–ืขืžืคึผืœืึทืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืขืจื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ืฉืจื™ืคื˜ "ื“ืจื•ืจ", ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ืึท ืกืš ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืฉืึทืคื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜: (ื‘) 
ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ืขืคื ื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืคืึธืจืœืขื–ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข ืงืจื™ื™ื–ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคึผื˜ืœืขื›ืงืฒื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ- 
ื‘ืึทืคึผืขืœืงืขืจื•ื ื’; (ื’) ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™.ืง'ืก ื“ืจืึทืžืขืŸ. (ื“) ืก'ืื™ื– ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืึทื– ื“ื™ ื“ืจืฒึท ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“ืŸ, ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ืขืจ ืฉืึทืคื•ื ื’, ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืขื“ื•ืช ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืึท ืคืขืจื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ื™.ืง. ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืึทืจืฉืคึผืจืฒื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื•ื•ืขืจืง -- ื“ื•ืจืš 
ื”ืึทื ื˜ืฉืจื™ืคื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืงืึธืคึผื™ืขืก ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืึทื ื˜ ืฆื• ื”ืึทื ื˜. ืฐืฒึทืœ ื“ื™ ื“ืจืฒึท ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ 
ื‘ืึทื’ืจืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ, ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึธื ืฆื•ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืึทื– ื–ื™ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื›ึผื“ื™ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ 
ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉืฒื™ื“ืขื ืข ืขืจื˜ืขืจ. ืฐืฒึทืœ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ื•ืึทืœืข ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืจืฒึท ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืขืก, ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืœืฒึทื™ื›ื˜ืข ื‘ื™ื– ื’ืึธืจ (ื–ืข 
ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ), ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึธื ืฆื•ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืึทื– ื–ื™ ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืจืฒึท ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข ืงืึธืคึผื™ืขืก 
ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืฉืข ื˜ืขืžื™ื ื“ื•ื•ืงื. 

ื“ืขืจ ืึธืจื™ื’ื™ื ืขืœืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืžืงื•ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ "ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืขืœื˜", ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื“ืึธ ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ืฆื•ื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืžืึธืœ, ืœื•ื˜ ื“ื™ 
ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืจืึทื˜ืขืฐืขื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืฒืœืฐืฒึทื– ื“ืขืจื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื• ืื•ื ื“ื– ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืฉื˜ืึทืจืง ืฆืขืฉืขื“ื™ืงื˜ืŸ ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืึทื ื“, 
ื–ื™ื™ ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื™ื™ืง. -ืึทืจื›ื™ื•ื• ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ืœื•ื—ืžื™ ื”ื’ื™ื˜ืื•ืช, ืจืขื’ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ืจื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื ื•ืž' 1025 ื‘'/ 11ื: 1025 ื'/611; 
5 ืึท ืคืึทืงืกื™ืžื™ืœื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืจื™ื˜ืŸ ืœื™ื“ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ืช ืœื•ื—ืžื™ ื”ื’ื™ื˜ืื•ืช, ื ื•ืž'2, 
ื˜ื‘ืช - ืชืฉื™"ื‘ -- ื™ืึทื ื•ืึทืจ 1952, ื–ื™ 1; ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ืคื™ื ืœื—ืงืจ ื”ืฉื•ืื” ื•ื”ืžืจื“, ื‘', ืคืขื‘ืจื•ืึทืจ1952, ื–ื™ 7, 

ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื“ืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื“ืึธ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ื’ืขื‘ืจืึทื›ื˜ ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ืœืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืข 
ืึธืคึผื’ืขืคื•ื ืขื ืข ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ืฐืึทืจื™ืึทื ื˜ืŸ; ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื“ืขืจื˜ืขืงืกื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื“ืึธ ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ืœื•ื™ื˜ืŸ 
ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืกื˜ืŸ ื ื•ืกื—, ื“ื™ ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืฐืึธืก ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขืงืขื ื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจื’ืึทื ืฆื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืžื™ื˜ 
ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ืœืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืขื ืข ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ืŸ. ืฐืฒึทืœ ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ืขืจืข ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ืคึฟืึทืจื”ื™ื˜ ืคึฟื•ืŸ. 
ื“ื™ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจืข, ืื•ืŸ ืฐืฒึทืœ ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืฐืึทืจื™ืึทื ื˜ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื‘ื™ื– ื’ืึธืจ ืงืœื™ื™ื ืข, ื“ืึทืจืฃ ื“ื™ ื“ืขืจื’ืึทื ืฆื•ื ื’ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ 
ื‘ืึทื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื•ื™ ืึท ื˜ืขืงืกื˜-ืจืขืกื˜ืึทืฐืจืึทืฆื™ืข; ื“ื™ ืขื™ืงืจ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืฐืึทืจื™ืึทื ื˜ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ื•ืึทืฆื™ืข- 
ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื. ืึทื—ื•ืฅ ืึท ื’ืึธืจ ืงืœื™ื™ื ืข ืฆืึธืœ ื–ืฒึทื˜ื™ืงืข ื˜ืขืงืกื˜-ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื“ืึทืจืคืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขืฐื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืฐืขืจืŸ ื“ืจืฒึท ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข 
ืคืึทืจืฉืฒื™ื“ื ืงืฒื™ื˜ืŸ: (ื) ื“ืขืจ ืฆื™ืงืœ ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ืึธื ืคืึทื ื’ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ื’ืจื•ืคึผืข ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจืข ืœื™ื“ืขืจ; (ื‘) ืื™ืŸ ืœืขืฆื˜ืŸ 
ืฐืึทืจื™ืึทื ื˜ ืื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื™ื™ื ืฆืœื ืข ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ืข ืกืขืจื™ืข. ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืคืึทืœืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ 


19 


ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจืข ื˜ื™ื˜ืœืขืŸ ืคืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ. (ื’) ื•ื™ ืึท ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืึทื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืฆืœื ืข ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื 
ืฆื™ืงืœ ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืกื“ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื˜ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ - ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื“ืจื™ื˜ืข, ืื™ื– 
ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืคืขืจื˜ืŸ ืึธืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืคืขืจื˜ืŸ ืึธืจื˜ ืื™ื– ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื“ืจื™ื˜ืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœืข ืฐืึทืจื™ืึทื ื˜ืŸ 
ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืฆืฒื™ื›ื ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช -- ืคื•ืŸ ื' ื‘ื™ื– ื“', ื“ืขืจ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืฆืœื ืข ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื– ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ 
ืขื ื“ื’ื™ืœื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืฆื™ืงืœ-ืคืึธืจื ืื™ื– ื ืึธืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฐืึธืก ื‘ืฒึทื™ื ืึธื ืคืึทื ื’ ืื™ื– ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืœื™ื“ ืคืึทืจืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ 
ืึท ื–ืฒึทื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœืขืฆื˜ืŸ ื ื•ืกื— -- ืื™ื™ื ืก ื ืึธื›ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ, ื›ึผืกื“ืจ, 


ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืขืœื˜ 


ื) 

ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ืื™ื– ืงืึทืœื˜, ืึท ืงืขืœื˜ ืึท ื‘ื™ื˜ืขืจืข, 
ืขืก ื™ืึธื’ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ื–ื™ืš ื•ื•ืขืœืฃ ืื•ื, 
ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืฉื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืขืจืŸ, 
ืื™ืš ืžืฒึทืŸ ืคืจื•ื™ ืื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืข ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืฆื™ื˜ืขืจืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื”ืขืœืคืŸ... 

ืื•ืŸ {ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจืŸ ื–ืขื˜ ืขืก ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื”ืขืจืŸ 
ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ื ื™ื˜, ืึธ ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜, ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืขืจืŸ 
ื›ืึธื˜ืฉืข ืฉื˜ื™ืœืข 

ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื ืึธืš ื—ืœื™ืœื” 

ืืฒึทืš ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ื’ ืคืึทืจืคืจื•ื™ืจืŸ ื•ืขืจืŸ. 


ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ืื™ื– ืงืึทืœื˜, ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึท ืžื•ืจื ืžื™ืจ, 

ืึท ืคึผื—ื“ ืžื™ืš ื‘ืึทืคืึทืœืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื”ื™ื™ื ืžื™ืจ, 

ืื•ืŸ ื›'ื‘ื™ืŸ ืึทืจืฑืก ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึทืกืŸ ืฐื™ืกื˜ืข, 

ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจืคืจื•ื™ืจืขื ืข 
ื•ื™ ืึธืคึผื’ืขื”ืึทืงื˜ืข ื‘ื•ื™ืžืขืจ 

ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜ ืคืึทืจืฐืึธืจืคืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืฉื˜ื•ืžืขืจ ืื™ืžื” 

ื•ื™ ืึท ื’ืฐืึทืœื“ื’ืขืฉืจืฒ ื•ื™ ืึทืŸ ืื•ืžื–ื™ืกื˜ืขืจ 

ื•ื™ ืึท ืฐื•ื™ืกื˜ืขืจ 

ืฆื™ ื‘ืึทื’ืจื™ืกื˜ ืื™ืจ 

ื’ืึธืจ ืžื™ืจ, ืฉื˜ืฒึทืฃ ืึทื–ืฑ ื‘ืึทื’ืจื™ืกื˜ ืื™ืจ? 


(ื‘)! 
ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ืื™ื– ืงืึทืœื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืš 
ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึทืคึผื™ืจืขื ืข, ื“ื™ ืฉืฐืึทืจืฆืข ื‘ื•ื™ื’ืŸ 


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ื‘ืฒึท ื ืึทื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืข ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื™ืœ ืึทืจืึธืคึผื’ืขืฆืฑื’ืŸ 

ืื•ืŸ ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ืึทืจืฒึทื ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ืฆื• ืžื™ืจ ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื ื” ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื•ื™ืš 
ื‘ืึทื’ืึธืกืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืงืึทืœื˜ืขืจ ืฉื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ืจ, ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืœื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืึท ืคึผืึทืจืข 
ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ ืึธืŸ ืึท ืฆืึธืœ 

ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ืึท ืฉืคึผืึทืจืข 

ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ื•ื™ ืึท ืžืึธืœ, ืึท ืžืึธืœ, 

ื•ื™ ืžื™ื˜ ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืฆ'ืจื™ืง 

ืฆื• ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื ืฆืœื˜: 

ืคื•ืœ ื’ืœื™ืง! ืคื•ืœ ื’ืœื™ืง! 

ื”ืขืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ! ื”ืขืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ! ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืงื™ื ืฆืœื˜! 

ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืขื›ื˜! 

ืื™ืจ ืžืึทื›ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืื•ื™ื’ืขืœืขืš ื•ื™ ืึท ืžืึธืœ, ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื ืข ื ืขื›ื˜- 
ื”ืขืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ! 


ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื’ืขืžืึทื›ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื›ึผืœื-ื™ื“ืข, 

ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืจื™ืกืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื’ื™ืœื“ืขื ืขื ืื•ืŸ ืฆื™ื˜ืขืจื“ื™ืงืŸ ืคืึธื“ืขื, 
ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึทืœืฅ ื ืึธืš ืึธืŸ ืึท ืกื•ืฃ 

ืฆื• ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขืฐื•ึผื ืงืขืŸ -- 

ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืืฒึทื ื’ืขื–ื•ื ืงืขืŸ! 


ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืฐืึทืจืขื ืืฑืกื’ืขืฉืคึผืจืฒื˜ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜, ื“ื™ ืงืึทืœื˜ืข 
ืฆื• ืคืจื™ื™ื ื“, ืฆื• ืึทืœื˜ืข 

ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ -- 

ืึธ, ืืฒึทื ื’ืขื–ื•ื ืงืขืŸ ื–ืึธืœื˜ ืื™ืจ ืฐืขืจืŸ! 

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ื’) 

ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืฒึท ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ 
ืฐื™ ื‘ืฒึท ื’ื–ืœื ื™ื,. 

ืฆื™ ืคืึทืจืงืขืจื˜ ื’ืึธืจ: 


ื‘ืฒึท ื’ื–ืœื ื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืฒึท ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ: 

ื’ื™ื˜ ืงื•ื™ืœืŸ ื“ืจืึธื‘ื ื™ื ืงืข ืึท ื‘ื™ืกืœ, 

ืึท ื–ืึทืง, ืึท ื–ืฆืงืขืœืข, ืึท ืฉื™ืกืœ! 

ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื˜ื™ืจ ื“ืขืจืงืขื ื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืงืขืจื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืคึผื ื™ื, 

ืžื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ื’ืึธืจ! 


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ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืฒึท ื–ื™ื™ ื“ืึธืจื˜... ื›'ืœืขื‘ืŸ, 
ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืš ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึทื–ืฑ 

ื‘ืฒึทื ื”ื™ืžืœ: ื’ื™ื‘ ืžื™ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื”ื™ืžืœื‘ืœื•ื™, 

ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ืžืœ ืžื™ืจ'ืก ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ... 

ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืึทืจื•ืžื’ืขืฐื™ืงืœื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืš ืžื™ืš ื•ื™ ืึท ืคึผืึทืจืข 
ื“ืึธืก ื”ื™ืžืœื‘ืœื•ื™, ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืš ื’ืขืฐืึทืจืŸืข|ืžื˜ ... 


ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืš ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืืฑืกื’ืขืฉืคึผืจืฒื˜ ืึทื–ืฑ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜ 
ืึทื”ื™ืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ 

ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ-- 

ืฐืึธืœื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ ืžื™ืš ื”ืขืจืŸ... 

ื–ื™ื™ ืฐืึธืœื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึท ืฉืึธื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืฆื• ืžื™ืจ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ื•ื•ืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืœื˜ืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ืœืขืš ื–ื™ืš ืฆืขื‘ืจืขื ื˜ 

ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืงื ืึทืงืขืจืฒึท ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืœื™ืึทืจ'ื 

ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืœื˜ืŸ ืžื™ืš ื’ืขืฐืึทืจ'ืžื˜. 

2-ื–ื•/ืก1 


ื“ 

ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ืื™ื– ืงืึทืœื˜.- 

ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืืฒึทื ื’ืขื”ืฑืขืจื˜ ื•ื™ ืึท ื‘ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ืขืจื”ื•ื™ืœ 
ืฐื™ ืึท ื–ืงืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ื’ื“ ืึทืœื˜, 

ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืืฒึทื ื’ืขืฐื™ืงืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื•ื™ ืึท ืคืึธื“ืขื ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืงื ื•ื™ืœ 
ื ื™ื˜ืึธ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืงื•ื™ืœ... 

ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ืื™ื– ืงืึทืœื˜ 

ืœืขืฉื ืึธ ืคืขืจืฆืŸ 

ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื˜ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืึท ื”ืึทืœื‘ืข ืงืขืจืฅ ืžื™ืจ, 
ืžื™ืึทืœ... 

ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ืื™ื– ืงืึทืœื˜! 

ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขื ืžื™ืึทืœ ื‘ืึทืฆืึธืœื˜ 

ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ... 

ืก'ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืคืจื™ืœื™ื ื’, ืก'ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื–ื•ืžืขืจ -- 

ืื™ืš. ื•ืฐื•ืขืœ ื“ืขื ืžื™ืึทืœ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ... 

ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜, ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜! 

ืฐืึธืก ื˜ื•ื’ ืžื™ืจ ืžื™ืึทืœ? 

ืžื™ืึทืœ ืึทื– ืžืขืŸ ืฉื™ื˜ 


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ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ืคืœืขืžืœ ืฉื˜ืึธืœืฅ 

ืฐืึธืก ืจืฒึทืกื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืฉื˜ื™ืงืœ ื”ืึธืœืฅ-- 

ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืคืœืขืžืขืœืข ืคืึทืจืœืึธืฉืŸ! 

ืžื™ืึทืœ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืจืึธืฉืŸ, 

ืฐืึธืก ื˜ื•ื™ื’ ืžื™ืจ ืžื™ืึทืœ? 

ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ืื™ื– ืงืึทืœื˜.- 

ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจื›ืึทืคึผืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืฃ ืœืขืฉ 

ื‘ืึทืฐืฒึทื–ืŸ ื–ื™ ื“ืึธืก ืฆืขื˜ืขืœืข ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ืึทืœ, 

ืึท ื‘ืึทืฆืึธืœื˜ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ -- ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืงืขืฉ, 
ืžื–ื•ืžืŸ -- 

ืื•ืŸ ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ื“ืขื ืžื™ืึทืœ, ื“ืขื ืžื™ืึทืœ 

ื ืึธืš ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ -- 

ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ืื™ื– ืงืึทืœื˜... 

ืื™ืš ื›ืึทืคึผ ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ื ืึธืš ืึท ืžืึธืœ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืœืขืฉ ื–ื™ืš, 
ืึท ืฆืขื ื˜ืŸ ืžืึธืœ, ืึท ืฆืฐืึทื ืฆื™ืงืกื˜ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืš 

ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืฆืฒึทื˜... 

ืฆื• ืžื™ืึทืœ 

ื ึฐืื™ื– ืฐื•ื–ืฒึทื˜ ื ืึธืš, ืฐืฒึทื˜ 

ืึธื˜ ืฐืขืœ ืื™ืš ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืคื•ื™ืœืŸ 

ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืš ืึท ืžืึธืœ ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ื™, ื“ื™ ืœืฒึทื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜ 
ื–ื™ ื–ืึธืœืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื“ืขื ืžื™ืึทืœ, 

ื“ืขื ืžื™ืึทืœ ืคืึทืจื‘ืฒึทื˜ืŸ 

ืื•ื™ืฃ ืงืœื™ื™ื ืข, ืงืœื™ื™ื ื™ื ืงืข, ื’ืึธืจ ืงืœื™ื™ื ืข ืงื•ื™ืœืŸ - 
ืื™ืš ืงืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืคึผื•ืขืœืŸ! 

ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ืื™ื– ืงืึทืœื˜.- 

ืึทื–ืฉ ืก'ื™ืึธื’ื˜ ืึท ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืžืขื ื“ื™ืง -- 

ืก'ืื™ื– ืื•ืžืขื˜ื™ืง... 

ืึทืŸ ืื•ืžืขื˜ ืžืึทื›ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืก 

ืขืจ ืžืขื’ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก... 

ื ืึธืจ ืึท ืงืึทืœื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืžืขื˜! 

ืื•ืŸ ื›'ื‘ื™ืŸ ืึทืฐืขืง ืฆื• ืึท ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื•ื™ืœืŸ 
ืึท ืžืฉื•ืžื“-- 

ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื˜ 

ืึท ืฉืขื” ืคืึทืจื˜ืึธื’ืก 

- ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฐืึทืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืจื™ ืื™ื, ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืคืจื™ ื‘ื™ื– ืฉืคึผืขื˜.- 
ืื™ืš ืงืขื 'ืก ื ื™ื˜ ืคึผื•ืขืœืŸ! 

ื ื™ื˜ ืงื•ื™ืœืŸ 

ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืงืึธืงืก! 


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ืฆื• ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ืคืึทืจื˜ืึธื’ืก 
ืื™ืš ืงืขื 'ืก ื ื™ื˜ ืคึผื•ืขืœืŸ! 

ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืฒึทื ื“ื™ืžืขื ื˜, ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืฒึทื ืžืึทืจื™ื ืึธืฐืขืจ! 

ืึทื–ืฑ, ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื–ื™ืš, ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืึทืœืข ื–ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ืฉื•ื•ื” ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื” 
ื ืึธืจ ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืึทืœืข ื–ื™ื™ ื“ืึธืš ืื™ื™ื ื™ืง (!:ืŸ 
ืฐืึธืก ืฐื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ ืžื™ืจ ื ืึธื›ืงื•ืžืขืŸ - ืึธ ื’ืฐืึทืœื“, 

ืฐืึธืก ืงืขืŸ ื“ืขืŸ ืฐื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ {ืฉื•ื™ืŸ) ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ืึทืœ! 
ืžื™ืึทืœ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืš ืฐืฒื™ื ื™ืง! 

ืžื™ืึทืœ ืื™ื– ืึท ืฆืจื”! 

ืฆื• ืึทืœ ื“ื™ ืฉืฐืึทืจืฆืข ื™ืึธืจ ืืฒึทื™ืš- 

ื’ื™ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืžื™ืึทืœ! | 

ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ืื™ื– ืงืึทืœื˜- 


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ืึทืจื™ื™ื ืคื™ืจ 30 


ืึท ืœื™ื“ ืึธืŸ ืึท ื“ืึทื˜ืข. ื“ืขืจ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื“ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื ื”ืึทืœื˜ ืึทืกืึธืฆืฒื™ึธืจืŸ ืื™ื ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื’ื“ื”, ืื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจ ืงืขืŸ ืžืขืŸ ืึธื ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืึทื– ื™ื™ืง. ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืคึผืกื—-ืฆืฒึทื˜. ืœื•ื™ื˜ืŸ ืื™ื ื”ืึทืœื˜ ืื™ื– ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ื™ืžืขืŸ 
ืึทื– ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืึทืจื•ื ืคึผืกื— ืชืฉ"ื‘, ืœื•ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื”ืฉืขืจื”: ื‘ืžืฉืš ืคืขื‘ืจื•ืึทืจ-ืžืขืจืฅ 1942 
(ืคืึทืจื’ืœืฒึทืš ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ืžืขื ื˜ืึทืœืก ืจืฉื™ืžื”, ื ื•ืž' 25, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืคื•ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื, ืชืฉื›"ื˜, ื ื•ืž' 34). 

ืึธื ื”ืฒื™ื‘ ื™ืึธืจ 1942, ืกื•ืฃ ื™ืึทื ื•ืึทืจ ืฆื™ ืึธื ื”ืฒื™ื‘ ืคืขื‘ืจื•ืึทืจ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืžืึทืกื ืžืึธืจื“ ืื™ืŸ 
ื›ืขืœืžื ืึธ - ืื™ืŸ ืžืขืจื‘ -- ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ (ื–ืข: ื’ื•ื˜ืžืŸ (1977), ื–ื™ 198) ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืš 
ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืก'ืื™ื– ื‘ืึทืฐื•ึผืกื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžืึทืกืŸ-ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืŸ, ื“ืขื 17ื˜ืŸ ืžืขืจืฅ 1942, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืึธื ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื“ืขื ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ืกื•ืฃ ืคืึทืจ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื ืขืจืึทืœ-ื’ื•ื‘ืขืจื ื™ืข -- ืื™ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืงื•ืจืฆืขืจ ืชึผืงื•ืคื” ืื™ื– 
ืงืขื ื˜ื™ืง ืึท ืงืขืจืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื™-ืง'ืก ืฉืึทืคืŸ, ืึธื ื”ืฒื‘ื ื“ื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื“ "ื™ืฉืคื•ืš ื—ืžืชืš". ื™.ืง. ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื•ื•ืขืจืง, ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึทืŸ 
ืึธืŸ, ื ืึธืš ืื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืคึผืึทืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืฆื•ื ื”ืฑื›ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื•ื•ืขืจืง -- ืฆื• ืึท ืงืึธื ืคืจืึธื ื˜ืึทืฆื™ืข ืคึผื ื™ื-ืืœ-ืคึผื ื™ื ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜. 
ื“ืึทืŸ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื˜ ืขืจ -- ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื˜-- ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆืึธืจืŸ ืงืขื’ืŸ ื“ืฒึทื™ื˜ืฉืŸ ืคืึธืœืง: ื“ื™ ืœื™ื“ืขืจ "ืฉืคื•ืš ื—ืžืชืš" ืื•ืŸ 
"ื•ื•ื™ื™ ื“ื™ืจ" (ื–ืข ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ, ื ื•ืž' 32), ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื™ื˜-- ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš, ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืฆื•ื”ืขืจืขืจ ืฆื•, ืฆื•ื 
ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ (ื–ืข ื™.ืง'ืก ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ, ื’ืขื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ึดืฉ ืคืึทืจ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉืข ืœืขืจืขืจ, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืกื“ืจ-ื ืึทื›ื˜ 
ืคึผืกื— ืชืฉ"ื‘, ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ- ื ื•ืž' 31), | 

ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ "ืฉืคื•ืš ื—ืžืชืš" ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืกื“ืจื•ืง ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืืฒึทื ื“ืจื•ืง ืฐืึธืก ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ ื ืขืžื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ 
ืžื™ื˜ ืคื•ืœืขืจ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจืงื™ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืงื˜ื™ืฉืข ืžืึทืกื ืžืึธืจื“ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ. ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ืฉืคึผื™ื’ืœื˜ ืึธืคึผ ื“ื™ ื“ืขืจืงืขื ื˜ืขื ื™ืฉ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ืคืึทืจื ื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ื•ืžื˜ืงืฒื™ื˜ ื•ื™ ืึท ื‘ืึทื’ืœืฒื˜-ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืžืœื•ื•ื” ื“ื™ ืึทืจืฒึทื ื“ืจื™ื ื’ื ื“ื™ืงืข 
ื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืจื™ืงืข ืื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ื“ืขืจืœืขื›ืข ื–ื™ื›ืขืจืงื™ื™ื˜, ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืึธืขื˜ืก ื‘ืึทืฐื•ึผืกื˜ื–ืฒึทืŸ. 

ื“ืขืจ ืคืึทืงื˜ ืึทื– ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื“ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื™ืึธ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึทืจื ื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ืก ืœืึทื’ืขืจ ื›ืขืœืžื ืึธ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืขืก ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ 
ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ ื“ื™ ืœื™ืงืฐื™ื“ืึทืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ, ืื™ื– ืึท ื‘ืึทืฐืฒึทื– ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขื ืึทื– "ืฉืคื•ืš ื—ืžืชืš" ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ 
ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืคืึทืจืŸ ืœื™ื“ "ื•ื•ื™ื™ ื“ื™ืจ" ืฐื•ึผ ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื™ืึธ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜. ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืฐืฒึทืœ ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื“ "ืฉืคื•ืš ื—ืžืชืš" ืจืขื›ื ื˜ ื™.ืง. 
ืื•ื™ืก ืื™ื™ื ืข ื ืึธืš ื“ื™ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข, ืึทืœืข ืžื™ืชื”-ืžืฉื•ื ื•ืช, ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ื ืื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ืŸ -- ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึธื ืฆื•ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืึทื– ืขืจ 
ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ ืขืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜. ื“ื™ ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืŸ ืื™ื– ืึธื ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ 
ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ืขืจืฉื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืึทืคึผืจื™ืœ 1942 (ื–ืข: ื’ื•ื˜ืžืŸ (1977), ื–ื™ 200). ืคืึทืงื˜ื™ืฉ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื’ื•ืจืœ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืงืœืึธืจ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืขื ื“ืข ืึทืคึผืจื™ืœ, ืฐืฒึทืœ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ 17ื˜ืŸ ืžืขืจืฅ ืื•ืŸ 21ื˜ืŸ ืืคึผืจื™ืœ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืก'ืจื•ื‘ 
ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืึทืฐืขืงื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืฆื•ื ื˜ื•ื˜ (ื–ืข: ืงืจืงื•ึนื‘ืกืงื™ (ืชืฉืœ"ื’), ื–ื™ 532). 

ื•ื™ ืขืก ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขืฐื™ื–ืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ื™ื™ืง. ืคืึธืจื’ืขืœืฒืขื ื˜ ื–ืฒึทื™ืŸ ืœื™ื“ "ืฉืคื•ืš ื—ืžืชืš" ืคืึทืจ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉืข ืœืขืจืขืจ, 
ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืคึผืจืึทืฐืขื˜ ื“ืขื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืกื“ืจ.- ืคึผืกื— ืชืฉ"ื‘ (ื–ืข: ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ืช ืœื•ื—ืžื™ 
ื”ื’ื™ื˜ืื•ืช, ื—ืฉื•ืŸ ืชืฉื˜"ื•- ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 1954, ื ื•ืž' 7, ื–' 2), ืขืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขื ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ื“ืฒึทื˜ื™ืงืข 
ื‘ืึทืฐืฒึทื–ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคืึทืจืึทืŸ (ื–ืข ื“ื™ ื”ืขืจื” ืคื•ืŸ ืจืขื“ืึทืงื˜ืึธืจ ืื™ืŸ? ื›ืชื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื, ืชืฉื›"ื˜, ื–' 369-- 370). 

ืกืฒึทื™ ืฆื™ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื™ืึธ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืœื™ื™ืขื ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืœื™ื“ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ ืคืึทืจ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉืข ืœืขืจืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ 
ืกื“ืจ-ื ืึทื›ื˜, ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ึดืฉ, ื–ืขื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ืึทื– ืคื•ืŸ ืงื•ืงื•ื•ื™ื ืงืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืคึผืึทืจืฉื™ื™ื“ื ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขืคื™ืœ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื“ืึทื ืงืขืŸ-ื’ืึทื ื’ ืฐืึธืก ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืฉื™ื™ื“ื˜ ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืฉืึทืคึฟื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ืžืขื’ ืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืžืฉืขืจ 
ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืึทื– ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ "ืฉืคื•ืš ื—ืžืชืš" ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืคืึทืจืŸ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื™. ืง'ืก ืจืขื“ืข ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉืข 


625 


ืœืขืจืขืจ. ื“ืึธืก ืงืขืŸ ืึทื–ืฑ ื–ืฒึทืŸ, ืื•ื‘ ืžืข ื ืขืžื˜ ืึธืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ื ื—ื” ืึทื– ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืจื•ื™ื–ื ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ื’ืขืคื™ืœืŸ-ืฉื˜ืจืึธื ืฐืึธืก ืจืฒึทืกื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื“ ืึทืจืฑืก, ืื™ื– ืึท ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก ืฐืึธืก ืึทื ื˜ืฉื˜ืฒื˜ ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืขื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืขืžืึธื˜ื™ื•ื• ืื•ืŸ 
ืื™ื ื˜ืขืœืขืงื˜ื•ืขืœ ื–ื™ืš ืึทืจืฑืกืฆืฐืึธื’ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜, ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ืจื•ื™ึดืงืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทืจื•ื™ืงื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ื˜ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ื™.ืง. ื“ืจื™ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ืื•ื™ืก ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ "ืคึผืชื™ื—ื” ืœืžืกื™ื‘ืช ืžื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืœื™ืœ ื”ืกื“ืจ ืฉื ืช ืชืฉ"ื‘" (ื–ืข ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ, ื ื•ืž' 31). | 

ื ืึธืš ื“ืขืจ ืžืœื—ืžื” ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ: ื“ื™ ื’ืึธืœื“ืขื ืข ืงื™ื™ื˜, 1964, ื ื•ืž' 49, ื–ื–' 36-- 38 
(ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ืฒึทื˜ 37, ื“ืึธืจื˜, ืื™ื– ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ืึท ืคืึทืงืกื™ืžื™ืœื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื“). ืฆื•ื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ืื™ื– ืึท 
ืคืึทืงืกื™ืžื™ืœื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื“, ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ: ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ืช ืœื•ื—ืžื™ ื”ื’ื™ื˜ืื•ืช, ื ื•ืž' 
(13) 1, ื˜ื‘ืช ืชืฉื˜"ื–-- ื™ืึทื ื•ืึทืจ 1956. ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ืคึผืึธืจ ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืื•ื™ืฃ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ึดืฉ ื‘ืฒึทื™ื ืกื•ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื“ ื•ื“ืขืจ ืฉืคื•ืš- 
ื—ืžืชืš-ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื’ื“ื”ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื™. ืง'ืก ื›ึผืชื‘). 

ื“ืขืจ ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“ ื’ืขืคื™ื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื™.ืง. -ืึทืจื›ื™ื•ื• ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ืœื•ื—ืžื™ ื”ื’ื™ื˜ืื•ืช, ืจืขื’ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ืจื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื ื•ืžืขืจ 11/1023ื. 


ืฉืคื•ืš ื—ืžืชืš... 


ืฉืคื•ืš ื—ืžืชืš -- ื’ื™ืก! 

ื’ื™ืก ืื•ื™ืก, ื’ื™ืก ืื•ื™ืก ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืฆืึธืจืŸ. 

ืึธ ื’ื™ื‘ ืึท ืงื•ืง, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– 

ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืจ'ืขืจื“ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ? 


ื–ืข, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืŸ ืฐื™ืœื“ืŸ ื”ืึทืก 

ืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื’ืขืžืึทื›ื˜ ื“ืึธ.- 
ื“ื™ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ืข ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื’ืึทืก, | 
ืื•ื™ืฃ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ -- ืื•ืžื’ืขื‘ืจืึทื›ื˜ืข. 


ื–ืข ืื•ื ื“ื– ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืฉืึทื ื“, 
ื•ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื–ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื˜ื™ืคืŸ ื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืจ, 
ื–ืข, ื–ืข,} ืึท ื‘ืœื™ื ื“ืข ืฐืึทื ื˜ 

{ื”ืึธื˜} ืื•ื ื“ื– ืึทืจื•ืžื’ืขืžืฑืขืจื˜. 


| ื”} ื”ืึธื˜ 

| }| ื ื•ืžืขืŸ, 
ืžื™ืจ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื•ื, ืึท ื’ืึธื˜, 

ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ! 


26 


ืื•ืงืจืึทื™ึทื ืขืจ ืขืจื“ ืื™ื– ืจื•ื™ื˜, 
ืจื•ื™ื˜ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืขืจื“ ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื˜ืข-- 
ืžืขืŸ ืคื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืฆื•ื ื˜ื•ื˜ 
ื•ื™ ืงืขืœื‘ืขืจ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืฉื—ื™ื˜ื”. 


ื“ืจืฒึท ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืžืึธืœ, 

ืื•ืŸ ืคื™ืจ, ืื•ืŸ ืคื™ื ืฃ ืื•ืŸ ืžืขืจืขืจ - 
ืฆื™ื™ืœ! ืฆื™ื™ืœ -- ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื–ืึธืœ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ืจ ืคืึทืจื’ืขืกืŸ ืฐืขืจืŸ!... 


ืžืขืŸ ืฉืœืขืคึผื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื˜ ืึทืจืฑืก, 
ืื•ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื’ืŸ -- 

- ืึธ ืขืจื“, ืึธ ืงืึทืœื˜ืขืจ ืฉื•ื™ืก! 
-- ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขื ืœื™ื’ืŸ. 


ื”ืขืจ ืฆื• ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ื ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ืŸ 

ืื™ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื‘, ืžื™ื˜ ืงืึทืœืš ื‘ืึทื’ืึธืกืŸ, 
ืฆื•ื ืงืจืขื›ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ 
ื’ืขืฉืึธืกืŸ -- ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจืฉืึธืกืŸ! 


ืก'ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื›ืขืœืžื ืขืจ ื’ืึทื–, 


ืจ'ืžืึทื›ื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ืœ ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืฉื™ืงื˜ ืขืกื™.. 


ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืืฑื˜ืึธื“ื–ืฉืึทื–, 
ื“ื™ ื’ืฐืึทืœื“ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืฉื˜ื™ืงื˜ืข, 


ื“ื™ ืชึผืœื™ื•ืช ื–ืึธืœืกื˜ื• ื–ืขืŸ, 

ืงื•ืง ืึธืŸ, ืงื•ืง ื™ืขื“ืŸ ื“ืจืึธื ื’ ืึธืŸ 
ืฆื• ืฆืขืŸ! ืฆื• ืฆืขืŸ! ืฆื• ืฆืขืŸ! 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื’ืขื”ืึธืŸื ื’ืขืŸืŸ 


"ื™ืฆืขืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ!" ืงื•ื•ืจืฅ ืื•ืŸ ืฉืึทืจืฃ} 
ื–ื™ื™ ืžืขื’ืŸ {ื–|ืฒึทืŸ ื•ืžืฉื•ื’ืขืŸ 


627 


ืฆื™ ืงืจืึทื ืงืข ื’ืึธืจ... ืฆืขืŸ! ืžืขืŸ ื“ืึทืจืฃ! 
ืฆื™ ื ืึทืจื™ืฉืข, ืฆื™ ืงืœื•ื’ืข... 


ื“ืึธืก ืžืฉื•ื’ืขืช, ื“ื™ ืงืจืขื ืง-. 
ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืžื ื™ืขื”, 
ืึทื‘ื™ ืึท ื™ื™ึดื“... ื”ืขื ื’ื˜! ื”ืขื ื’ื˜! 
ื•ื™ ื”ืžืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืชึผืœื™ื”. 


ืึธ ืฉืคื•ืš!... ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื›ึผืขืก ื’ื™ืก ืื•ื™ืก, 
ืึธ ืฉืฐืฒื™ื’ ื ื™ื˜, ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืึทืจืขื›ื˜ื™ืง'ืก 
ื’ื™ืก ืื•ื™ืก ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืฆืึธืจืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก, 


ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืฆืึธืจืŸ ืฉื˜ืึทืจืง ืื•ืŸ ืžืขื›ื˜ื™ืง { } 


ืื•ื™ืฃ ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ืื•ืžืคืึทืจืฉืขืžื˜ืข, 
ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ืคืึธืœืง ืึท ื˜ืžืืŸ, 
ื•ื•ืขืžืขืŸ ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืคืจืขืžื“ 

ืื•ืŸ ืงืขืŸ ืื™ื ื ื™ื˜, ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ! 


ื›ื™ ืื›ืœ -- ื™ืึธ, ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ 

ืžื™ืš, ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืžื™ืš ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขื’ืขืกืŸ, 
ืคืึทืจืฐื™ืกื˜ ืžืฒื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ื–, ืึธ ื’ืึธื˜ 

ื“ื• ื–ืึธืœืกื˜'ืก ืื™ื ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจื’ืขืกืŸ! 


ืึธ ื’ื™ืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ื, ื’ื™ืก ืื•ื™ืก 
ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื›ึผืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืฒึทื ืข ื”ื™ื™ื›ืŸ, 

ืขืก ื–ืึธืœ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืฆืึธืจืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก 

ืื™ื ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืขืจื“ ื“ืขืจื’ืจื™ื™ื›ืŸ, 


ื™ืึธื’, ื™ืึธื’ ืื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืจื™ื! 

ืขืจ ื–ืึธืœ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืจ'ืขืจื“ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ืžืœืขืŸ! 
ืžืขืง ืึธืคึผ, ืคืึทืจื˜ื™ืœื™ืง ืื™ื 

ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ืฒึทื ืข ื”ื™ืžืœืขืŸ! 


28 


ืึทืจื™ื™ื ืคื™ืจ 31 


ืึทืจืฒึทื ืคื™ืจ-ืฐืึธืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉ ื‘ืขืช ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืกื“ืจ-ื ืึทื›ื˜, ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ืขื 1ื˜ืŸ ืึทืคึผืจื™ืœ 1942 - ื˜"ื• 
ื‘ื ื™ืกืŸ ืชืฉ"ื‘. ืฆื•ื ืกื•ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืข: ื' ืœืคืกื— ืชืฉ"ื‘. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืึทืจืžืขืงื˜ืŸ ืงืขืคึผืœ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ: "ืคึผืชื™ื—ื” ืœืžืกื™ื‘ืช ืžื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืœื™ืœ ื”ืกื“ืจ ืชืฉ"ื‘." ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ึดืฉืŸ ืžืงื•ืจ ื“ืจื•ืงืŸ 
ืžื™ืจ ื“ืึธ ืฆื•ื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ืึท ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ (ื–ืข ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื”ืึทื ื’ ืฆื• ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืขืจืง). 

ืขืก ืงืขืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืึท ืกื‘ืจื”, ืึทื– ื“ืึธืก ืคืึทืจืžืขืงื˜ืข ืงืขืคึผืœ ืื™ื– ืึท ืกื™ืžืŸ ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขื, ืึทื– ื™.ืง. ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ 
ืึธืคึผืฆื•ื“ืจื•ืงืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืขืจื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืฆื™ึทื™ื˜ืฉืจื™ืคื˜ "ื“ืจื•ืจ"; ื ืึธืš ื“ื™ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ื™ืงืข ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืจ 
ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื ืึทื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 17ื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ 18ื˜ืŸ ืึทืคึผืจื™ืœ, ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื•ืžืžืขื’ืœืขืš ื“ืึธืก ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ (ื–ืข ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื 
ืึทืœื’ืขืžืฒื ืขื ืึทืจืฒึทื ืคื™ืจ), ืฐืฒึทืœ ื“ื™ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืขืจื“ื™ืฉืข ืคึผืจืขืกืข ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ื‘ื›ืœืœ -- ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืขืกืข ืคื•ืŸ 
"ื“ืจื•ืจ" ืึทืจืฒึทื ื’ืขืจืขื›ื ื˜-- ืื™ื– ื’ืขืจื•ื“ืคื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืžื•ื–ื˜ ื‘ืฒึทื˜ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื›ืึทืจืึทืงื˜ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืึธื ื‘ืœื™ืง ืคื•ื ืขื 
ืžืฆื‘ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืึทืœืฅ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืกื›ึผื ื•ืชื“ื™ืงืขืจ. ืื•ื™ืš ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื ืขืจืึทืœ- 
ื’ื•ื‘ืขืจื ื™ืข, ืžื™ื˜ ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืŸ ื‘ืจืืฉ, ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขื˜ืจื™ื™ืกืœื˜ ื ืึธืš ืžืขืจ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืžื™ื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืึท ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ื•ื™ ื“ืขืจ, ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืขืคืขื ื•ื ื’ ืฆื• ืึท ืœืขืจืขืจ-ืžืกื™ื‘ื”, ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขืงืขื ื˜ ืึทืœื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื“ืจื™ืงืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืคื™ืœืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืฉื‚ื’ื•ืช ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื 
ืฐืึธืก ืขืก ืงื•ืžื˜ ืคืึธืจ. ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื ืึธืš ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜-- ื“ืขืจ ืึธื ืงื•ืžืขื ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ื˜ื•ื˜ 
ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ืึทืœืฅ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืึท ืจืขืึทืœืข ืžืขื’ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคืึทืงื˜. 

ืขืจืฉื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืœื™ื“ "ื•ื•ื™ื™ ื“ื™ืจ" (ื–ืข ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ, ื ื•ืž' 32) ืงื•ืžื˜ ืฆื•ื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ืฆื•ื ืื•ื™ืกื“ืจื•ืง ื“ื™ ืคื•ืœืข 
ื“ืขืจืงืขื ื˜ืขื ื™ืฉ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืึทื– ื“ืขืจ ื’ื•ืจืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฆืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืึธืœืง ืื™ืŸ ืžื–ืจื—-ืืฒื™ืจืึธืคึผืข ืื™ื– ืึท ื’ืขื—ืชืžืขื˜ืขืจ. ื“ืขืจ 
ืฉืœื™ืกืœ ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ืฐืฒึทื™ื˜ืขืจื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืึทื ื˜ืฐื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื™-ืง'ืก ืฉืึทืคืŸ ื’ืขืคื™ื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ "ืขืคืขื ื•ื ื’ ืฆื• ืึท 
ืœืขืจืขืจ-ืžืกื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืขืชืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืคึผืกื—-ืกื“ืจ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ ืชืฉ"ื‘", ืฐื•ึผ ืขืก ื•ืขืจืŸ ืงืจื™ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ื–ื™ืจื˜ ืฆื•ื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ื“ื™ 
ื˜ืขืจืžื™ื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืงืึธื ืคืจืึธื ื˜ืึทืฆื™ืข ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืจืขืึทืœื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื ื™ืฉื˜-ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืœืขื›ืŸ ื˜ืฑื˜, ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท 
ืคืึธืœืง ื•ื•ืขืžืขื ืก ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ-ื™ืจื•ืฉื” ื•ื•ืขื˜-- ืœื•ื˜ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืขืŸ -- ืืฒื‘ื™ืง ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจื‘ืœืฒื™ื‘ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืึธืจืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜, ืื™ื ืขื ื–ื›ื•ืช ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื–ืจื—-ืืฒื™ืจืึธืคึผืขื™ึดืฉืŸ 
ื™ื™ึดื“ื ื˜ื•ื. 

ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ืึทืจืฒึทื ืคื™ืจ-ืฐืึธืจื˜ ืื™ื– ืึท ืฐื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืฐืขื ื“ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืึทืคืŸ, ื“ืขืจ ืขื™ืงืจ ืฐืฒึทืœ ืื™ืŸ 
ืื™ื ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืคืึธืจื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืึท ื•ื•ื™ืจื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืึทืจืฑืกื˜ืจื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ื‘ืึทืฐื•ึผืกื˜ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืงืขื’ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขื ื˜ื•ื™ื˜, ื ืึธืš 
ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืึทืคืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืžืžืฉื•ืชื“ื™ืงืขืจ ื™ืกื•ื“ ืคืึทืจืŸ ื‘ืึทืฐืึธืคึผื ื˜ืŸ ืืฑืคืฉื˜ืึทื ื“ ืื™ืŸ 
ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ. ื“ืขืจ ืงืขืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ืง'ืก ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจื™ืฉืŸ ืื•ื™ืกืคื•ืจืขืžืขืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ืฒึทืกื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืืฑืคืฉื˜ืึทื ื“-- 
ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืžืขื ืก ื›ึผื•ื— ืขืก ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ืึทื ื˜ืฉื˜ืึทื ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืฐืึธืคึผื ื˜ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืื•ื™ืคืฉื˜ืื ื“-- ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื“ืึธ ืคืึธืจืžื•ืœื™ืจื˜ 
ืฆื•ื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืคื™ื ื™ืจื˜, ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืึทืจืง ืขืžืึธื˜ื™ื•ื•ืข ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื›ื˜ืขืจืข ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืคืึทืจ ืึท ื’ืจื•ืคึผืข 
ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉืข ืœืขืจืขืจ. 

ื“ืขืจ ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“ ื’ืขืคื™ื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื™.ืง. -ืึทืจื›ื™ืฐื• ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ืœื•ื—ืžื™ ื”ื’ื™ื˜ืื•ืช, ืจืขื’ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ืจื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื ื•ืž' 1/1030ื•ื ื“ืขืจ 
ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ึดืฉืขืจ ืžืงื•ืจ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื“ืึธ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื ืฒึท ื“ืขืฉื™ืคืจื™ืจื˜, ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืข ืคืขืœืขืจืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึทืจืฒึทื ื’ืขืจื™ืกืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืคืจื™ืขืจื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืืฑืกื’ืึทื‘ืข, ืื™ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื, ืชืฉื›"ื˜, ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ืึธ ื‘ืึทื–ืฒึทื˜ื™ืงื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ. 


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2 ืขืคืขื ื•ื ื’ ืฆื• ืึท ืœืขืจืขืจ-ืžืกื™ื‘ื” ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืกื“ืจ-ื ืึทื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ ืชืฉ"ื‘ 6 


ืœื™ืœื” ื–ื”, ืœื™ืœ ื–ื•ืขื•ืช... ื•ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœื™ืœ ืœื’ืื•ืœื”... ื”ื ื” ื›ื™ ื›ืŸ: ืžืกื‘ืช ืžืกื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื–ื• ื”ืจื™ ื”ื™ื ืžืกื‘ื” | 
ืœื’ืื•ืœืช ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช, ืื ื—ื ื• ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ืžื•ืจื™ื ืœ ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ืžืฆื•ืจ ื•ื‘ืžึดื™ืฆึตืจ ื–ื” ื‘ื•ืจืฉื”- ื ื–ื“ืžื ื• ืœื›ืืŸ 
ืœื—ื’ื™ื’ื”... ืœื—ื’ ื”ืื‘ื™ื‘ ืฉื ืช... ืื ื• ื—ื•ื’ื’ื™ื ืืช ืœื™ืœ-ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื”ืชื•ืกืกืช ื‘ื ื• ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ื›ื•ื— ืžืฉื ื”, 
ื”ื’ื•ื‘ืจืช ื‘ื ื• ื—ื™ืœื™ื, ื”ืคื•ืขืžืช ื•ืžืคืขืžืช ืื•ืชื ื• ื‘ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ื›ืคื•ืœื” ื•ืžื›ื•ืคืœืช. ืืœื” ื”ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื, ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื”ืจื•ื— 
ื‘ืขืœื•ืชื ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ืงื“ ื—ื–ืงื™ื ื‘ืืžื•ื ืชื ื•ึผื‘ื—ื“ื•ึธืชื ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื–ื• ื”ื—ื“ื•ื” ื”ืฆื•ื”ืœืช! ื”ืฆื•ื”ืœืช ื’ื ืœืงืจืืช ื”ืžื•ืช! 
ื›ืžื” ื–ื” ื–ืจ... ืœื ืžืืจืื ื™ื ื ื•ืขื“ื• ืœืกื“ืจ ื—ืฉืื™, ื›ื™ ืื ื’ืื•ืœื™ื ื•ื ื“ื•ื ื™ื ืœืžื•ืช ื ืืกืคื• ืœืฉืžื—ืช ืกืขื•ื“ื” 
ืื—ืจื•ื ื”... ื—ื’ ื•ึฐื—ึธื’ึธื - ื‘ืฉืขื” ื–ืืช ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ืช... ื”ืŸ ื—ืจืฉ ื—ืจืฉ ืื ื• ืžื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืœื˜ื‘ื— ื‘ืึธืœื ืคื” ื•ืœืฉื•ืŸ 
ืžื•ืฉื™ื˜ื™ื ืื—ื™ื ื• ื”ื™ื•ื ืืช ืฆื•ืืจื ืœืžืื›ืœืช ื•ืื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ืจื•ืจ, ื‘ืœื ืฉืžืฅ ืฉืœ ืžืœื™ืฆื”. ื›ืฉืขื•ืžื“ื™ื 
ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ืงื“ ืื™ื ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”. ื›ืžื” ื–ื” ื–ืจ, ื•ืื•ืœื ื›ืœ ื”ื–ึธืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ืžืŸ ื”ืžื’ื•ื–ื. 

ืื›ืŸ, ืœื™ืœ ืœื’ืื•ืœื” ื”ืœื™ืœื” ื•ืœื ืœืฉืขื‘ื•ื“... ืœื™ืœ ื–ื•ึธืขื•ืช, ืืฃ ืืžื ื, ืœื™ืœ ื‘ืœื”ื•ืช -- ื›ืŸ, ืืš ืœื ืœืฉืขื‘ื•ื“... 
ื‘ื ื™ ื—ื•ืจื™ืŸ ืื ื• ื‘ืขืžืง ื‘ื›ื ื–ื”, ื‘ืืจืฅ ื—ื™ืจื•ื ื–ืืช, ื‘ื ื™ ื—ื•ืจื™ืŸ ืœืขื•ืœืžื™ ืขื“... ื›ืœ ื›ืœื™ ื™ื•ืฆืจ ื•ืžืฉื—ื™ืช ืœื 
ื™ืฆืœื— ืœืฉืขื‘ื“ื ื•, ื”ืชื›ืฉืจื ื• ืœื” ืœื’ืื•ืœื” ืžืชื•ืš ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ื•ื—ื‘ืœื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืš ืชืงื•ืคื•ืช ื•ื ื›ืฉืจื ื• ืœื”! ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื ื• 
ื”ื›ืฉึธืจื” ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ืฆืจืคื ื• ื‘ืืฉื• ื”ืœื•ื”ื˜, ื‘ืกืขืจื” ื•ื‘ืกื•ืคื” ื”ื•ืขืœื ื•, ื”ื•ืŸืจืžื ื• ื•ืกื˜ึนื”ืจื ื•. ืœื 
ื ืฉืชืขื‘ื“ ืขื•ื“ ืœืฉื•ื ืคืจืขื”, ืœื ื ื‘ื ื” ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื ื• ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืฉื•ื ืขืจื™ืฅ ื•ืžืฉึทืขื‘ื“ ืืช ืคื™ืชื ื•ืืช ืจืขืžืกืก, ื•ืื 
ื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื• ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื‘ื• ื›ืœึธื‘ึตื ื• ืื ื• ืฉึธืœึตื ืขื ืžึทืฆืคื•ื ื•, ื”ืœื ื”ื•ื ืืœื”ื™ื• ื”ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ื‘ืกืชืจื™ ืกืชืจื™ื•, 
ื”ืœื ื”ืŸ ื”ื ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื”ื“ืงื™ืŸ ื”ืžืงืฉืจื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ืืœืŸื™ื•) ื•ืืœ ื ื›ืกื™ื• ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื, ื‘ืชืงื•ื” ืฉืขื•ื“ ื™ื’ื“ืœื•-- ืื ื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ 
ื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื• ืฉื›ืŸื–ื”-- } ืžืŸ ื”ืจืฉืขื™ื ื”ื•ื ืฉืœื ื ื’ืืœ ื‘ืฉืขืชื•, ื‘ื’ืื•ืœืช ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช, ืฉืœื ื ืฆืœื” ื‘ืืฉ ื”ืฆืจื•ืคื” ืฉืœ 
ื’ืื•ืœืช ืขื. ืื ื—ื ื• ืื ื• ืฉื ื–ื“ืžื ื• ืœื›ืืŸ ืื—ื™ื ืœืฉืžื—ื” ื•ืœืฆืจื”, ื”ื›ืจื ื•ื”, ื™ื“ืขื ื•ื” ื‘ื—ื‘ืœื™ื ื• ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืงืฉื™ ืฉืœ 
ื—ื™ื™ื, ื“ืžื™ื ื• ืฉืงื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื”, ื‘ื”ื›ืจืชื ื• ื”ื™ื! ื•ืื™ืŸ ืฉืžื—ื” ืฉืœ ื’ืื•ืœื” ืืœื ืืฆืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื”ื›ืจื”. 

ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ืžื•ืจื™ื, ืื ื—ื ื• ืื ืฉื™ ื”ื”ื•ืจืื”... ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืื ื•! ืžื™ ื›ืžื•ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉืœื ืœืœึทืžื“ ื‘ืื ื•, ืœื ืœื”ื˜ื™ืœ 
ืžึธืจื•ึนืชื ื• ื•ื“ืขืชื ื• ืื ื• ืขืœ "ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื", ืื ื• ื‘ืื™ื -- ืœื”ื•ืจื•ืช, ืœื”ืชื•ื•ืช ืงื•, ืœืฉื™ื ืฆื™ื•ืŸ, ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืื•ืช ืื—ืช 
ื‘ืชื•ืจื”-- ื•ืืช ื”ืฉืืจ -- ื”ื’ืข ื‘ืขืฆืžืš, ื—ืชืจ ืืชื” ื‘ื ื‘ื›ื™ ืชื”ื•ื, ืžืฆื ืืช ื“ืจื›ืš ืืชื”. ื“ืจืš ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืื 
ืžืฆึธืืชึธื”ึผ ืืชื” -- ื”ืจื™ ื”ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืฉื‘ืขืชื™ื! ืื ื• ื‘ืื™ื ืืœ ื”ื ื•ืขืจ ืขื ื—ืœื•ืžื•ืชื™ื ื• ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื, ื—ืœื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืชื—ื™ื” 
ื›ื’ื‘ืจ ืฉื‘ื ืืœ ืืฉื”, ื™ื™ืจ ื‘ื” ืžืชื•ืš ืื”ื‘ื” ืืช ื˜ืคืช ื”ืคื ื”, ืืช ื˜ืคืช ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ื•ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื•, ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ื•ืœืš, ื”ื•ื 
ืจืง ืžืชืจื—ืง, ื›ืžืจื™ื ืขืœ ืฉืคืช ื”ื™ืื•ืจ, ืœื“ืขื” ืžื” ื™ืขืฉื” ื‘ื™ืœื“... ืื ื• ืžืชืจื—ืงื™ื ืงืฆืช ืขื ื—ืจื“ืชื ื• ื‘ืœื‘ ื•ืขื 
ื“ืื’ืชื ื• ื‘ื ืคืฉ... ื–ื” ื”ื’ืจืขื™ืŸ ืฉื–ืจืขื ื• - ื”ื™ืฉื’ื”? ื”ื™ืขืฉื” ืคืจื™ ื”ืœื•ืœื™ื? ื”ื™ื’ื“ืœ? ื”ื™ื‘ื›ืจ... ื›ืืœื”ื™ื 
ืื ื—ื ื•, ื”ื ื•ื˜ืข ื‘ื ื• ื™ืฆึธืจื™ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื”ื’ื“ืœื™ื ื•ืžืชื‘ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ื ื• ืžืืœื™ื”ื. ื•ืื•ืœื ืืœื”ื™ื ื ืขืœื” ื”ื•ื 
ืžืžื ื• ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื™ื•ืชืจ ืจื—ื•ืง... ืื ื—ื ื•-- ืึธื ื• ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืœ ื”ืจืš ืฉืœื ื• ื•ืื™ื ื• ื ึนืœื•ึนืฉื ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื ื• ืืœื ืžืชื•ืš 
ื–ื”ื™ืจื•ืช...ื ื”ื™ื” ื›ืืœื”ื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื, ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืžืงืจื•ื‘. ื ื–ืจืง ื ื ืืœ ื”ื ื•ืขืจ ื ื™ืฆื•ืฅ ืื—ื“, ื”ื•ื ื™ื”ื™ื” 
ืœืœื”ื‘ื”... ื™ึธืฆึถืจ ืื—ื“ ืจืง ื ื›ื ื™ืก ืœืชื•ืš ืœื‘ื•-- ืขืœ ื™ืฆืจื™ื• ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ืืชื• ืžืจึนื—ึธื ืื™ืžื• ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ื”... ืœื ื™ึดืฆึตืจ ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, 
ืจืง ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ืœื™ืฆืจ ื ืฉื™ืช ืœื•, ืœื™ืฆืจื• ื”ื˜ื•ื‘, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ึธื—ื–ืง, ื™ื’ื‘ืจ ื‘ื” ื‘ื ืคืฉ ื”ืจืš ืžืืœื™ื•. 

ืœื™ืœ ื’ืื•ืœื” ื•ื–ื•ึธืขื•ืช ืœื ื• ื”ืœื™ืœื”... ืฉืžื™ ื”ืื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืจื—ื•ืงื™ื ืžื›ื—ื™ืœื™ื ืžืขืœ ืจืืฉื ื• ื•ืชื”ื•ื ืจื•ื‘ืฆืช ืชื—ืช... 


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ืจืื•: ื“ื’ืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืžื•ืช ื‘ื™ื“ื ื•... ื’ื ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืžื•ืช -- ืชืื•ืžื™ื ื”ื ืœื ื• ื”ืœื™ืœื”. ืชึธืึฒืžื™ ื’ื•ืจืœื ื•... ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื 
ืื ื—ื ื• ืขืœ ืคื™ ืงื‘ืจ ื•ืžืฆื•ื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื ืœืขื. ืœึนื‘ึตื ื•, ืœื‘ื ื• ืœื• ืœืขื, ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืฉื‘ื’ื•ืœื” ื ื”ืจื’ื• ืื—ื™ื ื• ื›ืžืขื˜ ื›ืœื, 
ื•ื‘ืžื•ืชื ืฆื•ื• ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืคืœืš ื–ื”... ื”ื ื”-- ื‘ื ืขืชื” ืชื•ืจื ื• ืื ื•? ืืŸื} ืœื ื‘ื? ืœื ื ืชืคืœืœ ืœื• ืœืžื•ืช, 
ื•ืื•ืœื ืื ื—ื ื•-- ื ื›ื•ื ื™ื... ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื›ืจื” ื•ืžื•ืงื“ืฉื™ื ืœืžื•ืช -- ื ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืจืื™ืŸ ืœืขื™ืŸ ื ืžืฉื›ื™ืŸ ืžื”ื ืืœ 
ื”ื ืฉืืจื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื. ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ื—ืœื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืชื—ื™ื” ื•ืฉืื™ืคื•ืช ืœื™ืฆื™ืจื” ื•ืœืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ืจื•ื— ื”ืขื ื•ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ืœื• ืžืœื‘ 
ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืืœ ืœื‘ ื‘ืื™ื. ืฉืœืฉืœืช ื”ื ืฆื— ืื™ื ื” ื ืคืกืงืช! ืื ื• ื ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืœืžื•ืช... ื•ืื ื’ื ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ืœื™ืœื”, ื‘ืจื’ืข ื–ื” 
ืื ืชื“ืคืง ื™ื“ ืจื•ืฆื— ืขืœ ื“ืœืชื ื•. ื™ืฉ ืฉื”ื ื‘ืื™ื ื‘ื™ื—ื“ืŸ, } ื”ืจื•ืฆื— ื•ืืœื™ื”ื• ื”ื ื‘ื™ื -- ... ื”ืจื™ ื›ืš, ื ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืื ื•! 
ื•ื‘ืžื•ืชื ื•-- ื ืฆื•ื” ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืœืงื™ื‘ื•ืฆื™ ืขืžื ื• ื‘ืืฉืจ ื”ื ืฉื, ื“ืขื•, ื•ืชื”ื™ ื–ืืช ื ื—ืžืชื›ื: ืื ื• ืžืคืจื™ื ืื•ืชื 
ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืžื•ืชื ื• ืขืœ ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื”ืฉื, ืขืœ ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื”ืขื, ืžืืฉืจ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื•... 

ืฆืจ ืœื™ ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ื–ื” ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉื•ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืขืœ ืืœื” ื”ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžื“, ื•ืขืœ ืืœื” ื”ืชื•ืขื™ื ื•ื”ืžืชืขื™ื ืžืชื•ืš 
ืงึธื”ื•ึนืช ืฉืœ ื”ืจื’ืฉื” ื•ืขึนื ื™ ืฉืœ ืจื•ื—, ื”ื ื”ืจื’ื™ื ื›ืืŸ ืืชื ื• ื™ื—ื“, ื”ืžื•ืฉืœื›ื™ื ืืชื ื• ืืœ ื‘ื•ืจ ืื—ื“... ืงื‘ืจ ืื—ื™ื 
ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื•ืื•ืœื ืœื ื™ืึทื—ื” ื”ืงื‘ืจ ืืช ืืฉืจ ืœื ืึดื—ื• ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ื ืคืœ ื˜ืžื•ืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื•. ื™ื—ื“ ื”ึนืจึทื’ื ื• ืืš ืœื ื›ึผืžื•ื ื• ื™ืฆึธื•ื• 
ืœื‘ื™ืชื. ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ื‘ื™ืช ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ื—ืœืง ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืกื‘ื, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืžื” ืœึฐืฆึทื•ื•ืช. ื›ืื—ื™ืชืคืœ ื”ื, ื›ืื•ืชื 
ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืฉื ืชื’ึทืจืžื ื• ื•ื ืชืืฉื›ื ื–ื•, ืฉื‘ื” ื‘ืฉืขื” ืืฉืจ ืขืฆืชื ื”ืจืขื”, ืขืฆืช ืชืคืœื” ื•ื›ื—ืฉ ืžืกื›ึผืœืช -- ื”ืจื™ ื”ื 
ืชื•ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื•ึธื•, ืฉื•ืœื—ื™ื ื™ื“ ื‘ื ืคืฉื, ืžืื‘ื“ื™ื ืขืฆืžื ืœื“ืขืช -- ื•ืื™ื ื ืžืฆึทื ึดื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืชื... ืฆืจ ืœื™ ืขืœื™ื”ื, ืืช 
ื›ึผื•ืก ื”ืชืจืขืœื” ื”ื ืฉื•ืชื™ื ื›ืžื•ื ื™ ื•ืื™ืŸ ื”ื ืžืฆื•ื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื ืœื“ื•ืจ, 

ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืœื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ื. ื‘ืจื’ืขื™ื ืืœื”, ื‘ื ื‘ืจื’ืขื™ื ืฉืื ื• ื ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืœืขืœื•ืช ืœื’ืจื“ื, ืœื ื ื”ื™ื” ืขึฒื ึธื•ื•ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ 
ื•ื ืกื”ื“ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื ื•: ื’ื ืื ื—ื ื•, ืื ื›ื™ ื‘ื ื™ ืœื•ื™ ืื ื•, ื‘ื ื™ ืฉื‘ื˜ ื—ืคืฉื™ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื›ืจื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ 
ืชืขื•ื“ืช ืขึทื ื™ื•ืฆืจ, ืขื‘ื“ื–ื™ื ื”ื ื ื• ืœื›ืœ ืคืจืขื”, ืขื‘ื“ื™ื ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื›ืจื—. ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื›ืจื— ืื ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืœื”ื, ืžืชื•ืš 
ื”ื›ืจื— ื•ืข"ื™ ืื•ื ืก ืื ื• ืžืงื™ืžื™ื ืœื• ืขืจื™ ืžืกื›ื ื•ืช, ื•ืื•ืœื ืžืขืฉื” ื ื•ืจื ืื—ื“, ืชื•ืขื‘ื” ืื—ืช ืœื ืขืฉื™ื ื•: ื™ึทืœึฐื“ึดื™ื ื• 
ืœื ืงื‘ืขื ื• ื‘ื—ื•ืžื” ื”ื–ืจื” ื•ืœื ื˜ื—ื ื• ืขืœื™ื”ื ื›ืื•ืชื• ื˜ึทื™ึดื— ื ื“ื”ื ื•ืžื™ื•ืืฉ ื”ืžื›ืกื” ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื• ืขืœ ื™ืœื“ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื 
ื™ืฉืžืข ืืช ืฉึทื•ึฐืขืชื• ื”ื‘ื•ืงืขืช ืžืŸ ื”ืขืฅ ื•ืžืŸ ื”ืื‘ืŸ, ื”ื ื” ื”ื•ื ื˜ื— ืขืœ ื™ืœื“ื•-- ื˜ื— ื•ื”ื—ืœื™ืง, ื”ื—ืœื™ืง ื‘ื›ืฃ ื”ืกื™ื“ื™ื 
ื•ื—ืกืœ. ืื ื• ืื ื—ืกืจื” ืœื ื• ืœื‘ื ื” ืื ื• ืงื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื• ื‘ื—ื•ืžื”, ืขืœ ื™ืœื“ื ื• ื—ืกื ื•, ืฉืžืจื ื• ืขืœื™ื” ืขืœ 
ื”ืฉืืจื™ืช. 

ืœื•ืœื ื”ืฉืืจื™ืช! ืฉืืจื™ืชื ื•, ืฉื‘ืช ื ืฆื— ื”ื™ื, ื›ืœื•ื ืขืฆืจื ื• ื›ื— ืœื‘ื•ื ืœื›ืืŸ ืœืžืกื‘ื” ื”ืœื™ืœื”, ืœื™ืœ ื”ื–ื•ึธืขื•ืช 
ื•ืื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ึธืขึธื•ึฐืขึดื™ื. ื–ืืช ื”ืฉืืจื™ืช -- ื ื—ื™ื” ื‘ื” ืœืื—ืจ ืžื•ืชื ื• ื•ืืฉืจ ืœืคื ื™ื• ืื ื• ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื, ื•ืžืชื‘ื•ื ื ื™ื ื‘ื• ื‘ืœื™ 
ืžื•ืจื. 
ื' ืœืคืกื— ืชืฉ"ื‘ 


31 


ืึทืจื™ื™ื ืคื™ืจ 32 


ืึท ืงืœืœื”-ืœื™ื“ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฆืŸ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉื™ืฉืŸ ืคืึธืœืง, ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื ืึธืš ื“ืขื ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืœื™ืงืฐื•ื™ื“ืึทืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ, ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื•ืึทืจืฉืข. ื“ื™ ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข ืขืจืฉื˜ ืกื•ืฃ ืึทืคึผืจื™ืœ 
2, ืื•ืŸ ืฐืฒื™ื ื™ืง ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืœืฒึทืš ื‘ืึทื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื“ืึธืก ืžื™ื™ื ื˜ ืึทื–ืฑื ืก ืคืึทืจ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืึทื ืฆืขืจ ื’ืขื ืขืจืึทืœ- 
ื’ื•ื‘ืขืจื ื™ืข (ื–ืข: ื’ื•ื˜ืžืŸ (1977) ื–ื–' 200- 201). ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืื™ื™ื ืฆืœื ืข ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืœืฒึทื™ืš ื’ืขื’ืœื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ืขื ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ 
ืžืึทืกื ืžืึธืจื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ -- ืคืึทืจืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฆืŸ ืžื–ืจื—-ืืฒื™ืจืึธืคึผืขื™ึดืฉืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื ื˜ื•ื (ื–ืข: ืฆื•ืงืจืžืŸ - ืžื‘ืคื ื™ื, ื™"ื’, ื–ื™ 36). 

"'ืฉืคื•ืš ื—ืžืชืš" ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ "ืขืคืขื ื•ื ื’ ืฆื• ืึท ืœืขืจืขืจ-ืžืกื™ื‘ื” ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืกื“ืจ-ื ืึทื›ื˜ ืชืฉ"ื‘" ืื™ืŸ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ึดืฉ (ื–ืข: ื ื•ืž' 
0, 31)- ื’ืขื”ืขืจืŸ ืฆื•ื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืฆื™ืงืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื™.ืง'ืก ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืจื™ืฉืข ื•ื•ืขืจืง ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืื•ืžืงื•ื, ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื•ื™ ืึท 
ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ ืคื•ื ืขื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืฉื˜ืจืึธื ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืžืึทืกื ืžืึธืจื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืžื—ื•ืฅ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื ืขืจืึทืœ-ื’ื•ื‘ืขืจื ื™ืข -- ืฐืึธืก 
ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข ืึธื ื”ืฒื™ื‘ 1942. ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ืฆื™ืงืœ ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืœื™ื“ "ื•ื•ื™ื™ ื“ื™ืจ", ืžื™ื˜ืŸ 
ืึธื ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืœื™ืงืฐื•ื™ื“ืึทืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืŸ -- ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืงืจื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื ืขืจืึทืœ- 

: ื’ื•ื‘ืขืจื ื™ืข ืฆื• ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืš ืฐืึทืจืฉืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜, 

ืื™ืŸ ืงืขื’ื ื–ืึทืฅ ืฆื• ื“ืขื ืœื™ื“ "ืฉืคื•ืš ื—ืžืชืš", ืฐื•ึผ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ-ืืฑืกืจืึธื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคืึทืจื ืขืžื˜ ืžืขืจ ื•ื™ 
ืึท ื”ืขืœืคื˜, ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ื’ืึทื ืฆืข ืœื™ื“ "ื•ื•ื™ื™ ื“ื™ืจ" ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื™ืกื•ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื™-ืง'ืก ืจืขืึทืงืฆื™ืข-ืงืœืœื” ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฆืŸ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉืŸ 
ืคืึธืœืง. ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืงื•ืžืขื ื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืชึผืงื•ืคื”, ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ "ื•ื•ื™ื™ ื“ื™ืจ" -- ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜; ืื™ืŸ 
ื–ื™ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื™.ืง'ืก ืœื™ื“ "ื“ื™ ืงืœืœื”" ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื™.ืง. ืึทืœืฒืŸ ืจืขื“ื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืœื™ื“ ืžื™ื˜ ืึทื–ืึท ื ืึธืžืขืŸ. 
ืœื•ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืกื™ืžื ื™ื ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืื™ื ื”ืึทืœื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื“ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืœืข ืžืงื•ืจื™ื ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืงืœืึธืจ ืึทื– "ื“ื™ ืงืœืœื”" ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ "ื•ื•ื™ื™ 
ื“ื™ืจ" (ื–ืข: ืฆื•ืงืจืžืŸ- ืžื‘ืคื ื™ื, ื™"ื’, ื– 36; ื˜ื ื ื‘ื•ื™ื, ื–' 120; ืคื ืงืก ื•ื™ื˜ืœ, ื–ื™ 203, 179). 

ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืข ืฆื•ื ืกื•ืฃ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“ ืื™ื–: ืฉ/31. ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ. ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืื•ืžืคึผืึทืจืฉื˜ืขื ื“ืœืขื›ืข 
ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืื™ื– ืึทืคึผื™ืœื• ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจืฉืจื™ื‘ืขื ืข ื“ืึทื˜ืข ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ืื™ืŸ ืขืจื’ืขืฅ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคืึทืจืฆื™ื™ื›ื ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ; ื ืึธืš ืžืขืจ -- ืึท ื’ืึธืจ 
ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข ื˜ืขื•ืชื“ื™ืงืข ื“ืึทื˜ืข ืฐื•ืขืจื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ. ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืข ืคืขืœื˜ ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฒึท ื ื—ืžืŸ ื‘ืœื•ืžืขื ื˜ืึทืœืŸ (ื–ืข: ืื™ืŸ 
ื‘ืœื•ืžืขื ื˜ืึทืœืก ืจืฉื™ืžื”, ื ื•ืž' 32); ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืึธืœื“ืขื ืข ืงื™ื™ื˜, ื ื•ืž' 6, ืคืจื™ืœื™ื ื’ 1950, 
ื–ื–' 189 -- 193 -- ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืึท ืžืขื’ืœืขื›ืข ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืจื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืข ื“ืึทื˜ืข: "ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ 1942"; ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืึทื‘ืข ื›ืชื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื, ืชืฉื˜"ื–, ื ื•ืž' 36, ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ืฒึทื˜ 445 ืคืึทืจืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ 
ืึทืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจ ืžืขื’ืœืขื›ืข ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฆืŸ ืจื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืข ื“ืึทื˜ืข: "ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉ"ื‘" 172 ื˜ืขืจ ืžืื™ - 15 ื˜ืขืจ ื™ื•ื ื™ 1942 .*, 
ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืจื™ื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืœืขืฆื˜ืขืจ ืืฑืกื’ืึทื‘ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื, ืชืฉื›"ื˜, ืื™ื– ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื˜ืขื›ื ื™ืฉืข ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืื™ืŸ 
ื’ืึทื ืฆืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ืึธื’ืจืึทืคึฟื™ืฉืขืจ ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืฆื• ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜. 

ื ืขืžืขื ื“ื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ืึทื›ื˜ ื“ืขื ืื™ื ื”ืึทืœื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื“, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึทืจืฉืฒื™ื“ืขื ืข ืคืึทืจืฉืจื™ื‘ืขื ืข ืขื“ื•ืชืฉืึทืคื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืื™ื, ื•ื• 
ืื•ื™ืš ื“ื™ ื˜ืฒืœืฐื•ืฒึทื– ืคึฟืึทืจืฉืจื™ื‘ืขื ืข ื“ืึทื˜ืข ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“-- ื‘ืœื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืกืคืง ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื, ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืคื•ืœืข ื“ืึทื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ 
ืœื™ื“ ืื™ื–: 119421.ืฉ.31. ืคืึทืจืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืฆื•ื ื“ืจื•ืง-- ื•ื™ ืึท ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท 
ื’ืขืคึผืœืึทื ื˜ืขืจ ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืขืœืขืจ ืืฑืกื’ืึทื‘ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื™-ืง'ืก "ืฆืึธืจืŸ-ืœื™ื“ืขืจ" (ื–ืข ืฐืฒึทื™ื˜ืขืจ, ืื™ืŸ ืึทืจืฒึทื ืคื™ืจ ืฆื• "ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื’ืขืœืึทื›ื˜", ื ื•ืž' 34), 

ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ื”ืึธื˜ ื™.ืง. ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฐื•ึผื”ื™ืŸ ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื ืึธืจ ื’ืขื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ืžืึธื ืึทื˜ืŸ 
ืคึฟืึทืจืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ, ื•ื™ ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืช ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืึทืฐืขืงื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ 


32 


ื˜ืจืขื‘ืœื™ื ืงืข. ื“ืึทืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ืคึผืึธืจื’ืขืœื™ื™ืขื ื˜ ืœื›ืœ-ื”ืคึผื—ื•ืช ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืžืึธืœ, ืคืึทืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืคืจืฒึทื™ื ื“ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ - ืื™ื™ืŸ 
ืžืึธืœ ืคืึทืจ ื”ืœืœ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ืœื™ื ืขืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื™ื•ืœื™ 1942 ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ืคืึทืจ ื“ื™ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื–ืขื ืข ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ืึธืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื–ืฉื•ื™ื ื˜ 
(ื“ื ื™ืืœ ื“ื•ื“ ื’ื•ื–ืฉื™ืง, ื™ืฆื—ืง ื’ื™ื˜ืขืจืžืึทืŸ) ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจ ืึธื‘ืคืึทืœืŸ (ืึทืŸ ืึทืœื’ืขืžืฒื ืขืจ ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ืกื˜) - ืขืจื‘ ื“ืขื ืžื™ืœืึท-ื˜ืึธื’, 
ืก'ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืขืจื‘ ื“ืขื ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ืคึผืึธืจ ืฆืขื ื“ืœื™ืง ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ, ื–ื•ืžืขืจ 1942 (ื–ืข: ืคื ืงืก ื•ื™ื˜ืœ, ื–ื™ 179, 
3). 

ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืึทืžืข ื’ืจื•ื™ืœ-ื˜ืขื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคื™ื–ื™ืฉ ืึทื ื˜ืงืขื’ื ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื–ื™ืš 
ืžื™ื˜ ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื“ื™ ืžืึทืกื ืžืขืจื“ืขืจ, ื”ืึธื˜ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึทื ื˜ืงืขื’ื ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื–ื™ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืœื™ื“; ืึท ืœื™ื“ ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืึทื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ ืฐื™ ืึท ื”ืžืฉืš ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืœืœ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ืœื™ื ืก ืึท ืชึผืคื™ืœื”, ืฐืึธืก ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ ืึทืœืฒื™ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ 
ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื™ืึธืจ ืคืจื™ึดืขืจ. ื“ืึทืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื”ืœืœ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ืœื™ื ืก ืงืœืœื” ืฉื˜ืึทืจืง ื‘ืึทืืฒึทื ืคืœื•ืกื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื•ื•ื™ึทื™ื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื ื‘ืึทื’ืœืฒื˜ 
ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ื‘ืžืฉืš ื“ื™ ื™ืึธืจืŸ. ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื˜ ื™.ืง. ืื™ืŸ ืคื ืงืก ื•ื™ื˜ืœ ื“ืขื 16ื˜ืŸ ืกืขืคึผื˜ืขืžื‘ืขืจ 1943, 
ื‘ืึทืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื ื“ื™ืง ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืข ืคืึธืจืœืขื–ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ "ื•ื•ื™ื™ ื“ื™ืจ" -- ื“ืขื 4ื˜ืŸ ืกืขืคึผื˜ืขืžื‘ืขืจ 1942: "ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืึทืจืฑืกื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ 
ืคื•ืŸ ืงืขืฉืขื ืข ืึท ืžื’ื™ืœื” ืึท ืคืึทืจืฉืจื™ื‘ืขื ืข ืื•ื™ืฃ ืคึผืึทืคึผื™ืจ-- ืึท ืงืœืœื”, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขื”ืึทื˜ ืคืึทืจืคืึทืกื˜ ื ืึธืš ื‘ืขืช 
ื—ื ื” ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ, ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™, ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ืขื ื’ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ื ืขื ืคึนึผืึทืคึผื™ืจ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ 
ืงืœื™ื™ื ืข ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช, ื“ืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืš ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืœื˜ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ื“ืึทืŸ ืคึผืึทืจืฉืึธืœื˜ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ืกื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืคืขืœืงืขืจ ื ืึธืš ื“ืขื ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจืฉืึธืœื˜ืขื ืข ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึท ืกื•ืฃ ื’ืขืžืึทื›ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืœื™ืงืขืจ 
ืขื“ื” ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืŸ. ื‘ื™ื– ืื™ื™ื ืขื, ื‘ื™ื–ืŸ ืœืขืฆื˜ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ ื–ื™ื™ ืคืึทืจืฉื ื™ื˜ืŸ. ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืœื˜ื•ื ื’ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ื”ืœืœ 
ืฆื™ื™ื˜ืœื™ืŸ ื–ืง"ืœ, ืœื–ื›ืจ ืงื“ื•ืฉ ืœื‘ืจื›ื” = ื ืึธืš ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ืฑื‘ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื”ืจื’ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ, ืฆึทื•ื•ื™ื™ 
ื™ืึธืจ ืคืจื™ึดืขืจ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฐื•ื™ื ื˜, ืื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืžืฉืคึผื—ื”, ืื™ืฆื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืžืฉืคึผื—ื” ื ื™ืฉื˜, ื ืึธืจ ืื™ืš ืื•ืŸ 
ืžืฒึทืŸ ื–ื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ-- ื“ืขืžืึธืœื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขืฐื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ืจื” ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื. ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืึท ืžืึธืœ ื’ืึธืจ ืคืจื™ 
ืึทื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื•ืจื›ืŸ ืขืกืฆื™ืžืขืจ, ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ืื™ื ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธืคืŸ ื•ื™ ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึทืฐื•ื ื˜. ืฆื™ื™ื˜ืœื™ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ืš ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื˜, 
ืฐืฒึทืœ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคึผื ื™ื ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื ื“ื˜ ืฆื•ื ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ื ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ืฐื•ื™ ืขืจ ืฉื™ืœื˜ ืื™ื™ืคืขืจื“ื™ืง ืื•ื™ืฃ 
ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืชึผืคื™ืœื” ื”ื™ื˜ืœืขืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืึธืœืง ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืขื ื“ื™ืงื˜: "ื’ืฐืึทืœื“, ืจื‘ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื!"... ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจืฉื™ื˜ืขืจื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืจืึทืฉื•ื ื’, ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื™ืึธืจ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ืคืึทืจ ืื™ื ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืœื™ื™ืขื ื˜, ืขืจื‘ 
ื“ืขืจ ืคืึทืจื ื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’-ืชึผืงื•ืคื” ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึธืœืง ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ, ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฉื™ืœื˜ื•ื ื’, ืฐืึธืก ืึธื ื’ืขื”ืฑื‘ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืจ ืจ' ื”ืœืœ ืžื™ื˜ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื™ืึธืจ 
ืคืจื™ืขืจ, ื“ืึทืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืื™ืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึทืจืฑืกื’ืขื‘ืจืึทื›ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฆืŸ, ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขืคึฟื•ื ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจ ืื™ืจ ื“ืขื ืจื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื“ืจื•ืง; 
"ื’ื•ื•ืึทืœื“, ืจื‘ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื!" ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื™ืึธืจ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืงืœืœื” ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขืฆืฒึทื˜ื™ืงื˜, ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื–ื™ ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ 
ืื•ื™ืฃ ืคึผืึทืคึผื™ืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจ ืื™ื ื–ื™ ื’ืขืœื™ื™ืขื ื˜" (ื“ืึธืจื˜, ื–' 203), 

ื“ืขืจ ืึธืจื™ื’ื™ื ืขืœืขืจ ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“, ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืคึผื ืขื”ื™ื˜, ื”ืึทืœื‘ ืฆืขืจื™ืกืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ื™.ืง.-ืึทืจื›ื™ื•ื• ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ืœื•ื—ืžื™ ื”ื’ื™ื˜ืื•ืช 
ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืŸ ืึธืจื™ื’ื™ื ืขืœืขืจ ืฉืจืฒึทื™ื‘ืžืึทืฉื™ืŸ-ืงืึธืคึผื™ืข ื’ืขืžืึทื›ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ. ื‘ืฒึทื ื“ืขืฉื™ืคืจื™ืจืŸ ื“ืขื 
ื”ืึทืœื‘ ืฆืขืคืœื™ืงื˜ืŸ ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืš ื‘ืึทื ื•ืฆื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธืคึผื™ืข. ื“ืขืจ ืžืงื•ืจ ืื™ื– ืจืขื’ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ืจื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื ื•ืž' 
4 ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึธืคึผื™ืข -- 1024ื'/811. 


033 


ื•ื•ื™ื™ ื“ื™ืจ 


ื•ื•ื™ื™ ื“ื™ืจ, ื”ืึธืกื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื”ืจื’ืขื˜ ืžืฒึทื™ื ืข ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืึทืœืข 
ืื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืข ืึทืœืข ืึทืœื˜ืข, ื’ืึธืจ ืึทืœื˜ืข ืžืฒึทื ืข ืœืฒึทื˜! 
ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก, ืžืขืจื“ืขืจืคืึธืœืง: ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจืคืึทืœืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืฉื˜ืึทืจื‘ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืึทืœื˜ืข ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜. 


ื•ื•ื™ื™ ื“ื™ืจ, ื”ืึธืกื˜ ืืฑืกื’ืขืจืึธื˜ืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืžืฒึทื™ืŸ ืคืึธืœืง ืื™ืŸ ืคืจื™ื“ืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธืกื˜ ืคืึทืจื‘ืจืขื ื˜ ื“ื™ ื”ืฒึทื–ืขืจ ืžืฒึทื ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืขื˜, 

ื“ื™ ืฉื•ืœืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืข ืึทืœืข ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ, 

ืื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืข ื”ื™ื™ืœื™ืงืข, ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข, ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืขื˜. 


ื•ื•ื™ื™ ื“ื™ืจ. ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ืึท ืคืึธืœืง ืคืึทืจื ื™ื›ื˜ ืึทืŸ ืื•ืžื‘ืึทืฐืึธืคึผื ื˜{ืกืŸ 

ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจื˜ื™ื™ื“ื™ืงื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืงื™ื™ื ืขื ื”ืึธืกื˜ื• ืคืึทืจืŸื ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืŸ 

ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก, ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจื˜ื™ื™ื“ื™ืงื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืงื™ื™ื ืขื ืฐืขืœืŸ ื”ืึทืŸืจื‘ ื“ื™ืš ืฉื˜ืจืึธืคืŸืŸ 
ื“ื• ืฐืขืกื˜ ืคืึทืจ ืื•ืžื‘ืึทืฐืึธืคื ื˜ืข ื–ื™ืš ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ {ืฆื•ื ื’ืขืจื™ื›ื˜!ืŸ 


ื•ื•ื•ื™ื™} ื“ื™ืจ, ืึธ ืคืึธืœืง ืคื•ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ-ืŸืžืขืจื“ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœื˜ืขืŸ 

! ื•ึทื”ืึธืกื˜ ืžืฒึทื ืข ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ (ืื•ืŸ} ื“ื™ !ืึทืœื˜ืข ืžืฒึทื ืข ืื•ืžื’ืขื‘ืจืึทื›ื˜,ืŸ 
ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก, ืึท ื’ืขื”ืจื’ืขื˜ืขืจ ืึท ื–ืงืŸ ืœืึธื–ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืึทื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ 

ืื•ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืจืฒึทืกืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ืงื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืžืึทืžืขืก ื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜. 


ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก, ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก: ืขืก ืฉื˜ืึทืจื‘ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ื ื™ื˜, ื“ืขืจื”ืจื’ืขื˜ืข ืื•ืžื–ื™ืกืŸื˜ื–ืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืฐืขืจื˜ ืึท ืคืึธืœืง ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืžื’ืขื‘ืจืึทื›ื˜ ืึธืŸ ืึท ืคึฟืึทืจืฐืึธืก... 
ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก, ืžืขืจื“ืขืจืคืึธืœืง, ืžืขืŸ ืงืขืŸ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ืžืก ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจืฐื•ื™ืกื˜ืŸ -- 
ืฉื™ืก! ืฉื™ืก ืื™ืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฅ. ืžื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืก... ืขืก ืื™ื– ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืœืขืฆื˜ืขืจ ืฉืึธืก! 


ื•ื™ ื“ื™ืจ-- ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื–ืข ืฉืขื”, ื”ืขืจ, ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฉืœืึธื’ืŸืŸ,} 
ื‘ืึทืœื“, ื‘ืึทืœื“, ืึธ ืคึผืœืึธื’ ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ืจ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืืฑืกืŸื™ืŸ 
ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึทืœืข ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืฐืขืœืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื“ื™ืš ื™ืึธื’ืŸ, 

ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื‘ืจื™ื ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ืึทืจืฑืก 


634 


ืžื™ื˜ ืฐื•ืฒึทื‘ ืื•ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“, ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ื“ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ืึธ{ื‘ืขืก,ืŸ 
ื“ื™ ืืฑื™ืกื’ืขืฉืึธืกืขื ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืืฒึทืš ืื•ืžื–ื™ืกื˜, 

ื“ืึธืก ืคืึธืœืง ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืœืขื‘ืขื“ื™ืง ื‘ืึท|ื’ืจืึธื‘ืŸ;ืŸ 
ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืึธื ืงื•ืงืŸ ืืฒึทืš ืฐื™ืกื˜ 


ืžื™ืจ ืฐืขืœืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึทืœืข, ืึทืœืข ื•ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸืŸ 

ืื•ืŸ ืฉืฐื•ืฒื™ื’ืŸ, ืฉืฐืฒึทื’ืŸ, ืฉืฐืฒึทื’ืŸ ืฐื™ ื“ืึธืก (ื’ืจืึธื–,} 

ืžื™ืจ ืฐื•ืขืœืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ืžืข ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ืžืŸืข ืคืจืขื’ืŸ:ืŸ 
ืคืึทืจ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืจ ื’ืขื”ืจื’ืขื˜ (ืื•ื ื“ื–, ืคืึทืจ ืฐืึธืก?ืŸ 


ืื™ืจ ืฐื•ืขื˜ ืคึผืึทืจื‘ืœื•ื˜ื™ืง{ื˜ื–ืข ืื•ืŸ ืื•ืžืจื™ื™ื ืข ืึทื ื˜ืœืฑืคืŸ 
ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืคึผืึทืœืขื ืขืจ ืืฒึทื™ืš, ื•ื•ื™ืœื“ืขืจ ืฉืจืขืง, 

ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ, ื˜ืฑื˜ืข, ืึทืœืข ืฉืœื™ืึทื›ืŸ ืืฒึทืš ืคืึทืจืœื•ื™ืคืŸ, 
ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืืฒึทื™ืš ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’, 


ืžื™ืจ ืฐืขืœืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจื”ืจื’ืขื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ ืงื•ืงืŸ, 

ืึธื ืงื•ืงืŸ ืืฒึทืš ืฉื˜ื•ื ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืคึผืฒึทืŸ; 

ืื•ืŸ ืงื•ืงื ื“ื™ืง ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ึทื™ืš, ืืฒึทืš ืฉื˜ื•ืžืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจืฆื•ืงืŸ, 
ืžื™ืจ ืขืกืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืืฒึทืš ื–ื™ืš ืืฒึทืŸ 


ืื™ืŸ ืืฒึทืขืจ ืขืงืœื“ื™ืงืŸ ืœืฒึทื‘, ืื™ืŸ ืงืึทืจืง ืื™ืŸ ืจื•ื™ื˜ืŸ 

ื•ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืจื•ื“ื™ืงืŸ ืึท ื–ื•ืžืคึผ, ืื™ืŸ ืฉืœื™ืึทื ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ื™ื, 

ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื˜ื•ื™ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืœืขื‘'ื“ื™ืงืข, ื˜ืจืึธื’ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ืข 
ื˜ืจืึธื’ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืคึผืœืฒืฆืขืก ืื•ื ื“ื– ืฆื• ืืฒึทื™ืš ืึทื”ื™ื™ื {...ืŸ 


ืฆื• ืืฒึทืš ืึทื”ื™ื™ื!... ื ื™ื˜ืึธ ืื™ืจ, ืืฒึทื™ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ื -- ืžืขืจ! 

ื–ื™ ืœื™ื’ื˜ ืึท ื—ื•ืจื‘ื”, ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขืจื™ืกืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฆืขืฉื˜ืขืจื˜; 
ื‘ืึทื”ืึทืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืœืขื›ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš, ืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืœืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื”ื™ื™ืžืข, 
ืื™ืจ ืคืึธืœืง ืคื•ืŸ ื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืงืข ืจื•ืฆื—ื™ื ืื•ื™ืฃ ื’ืึธื˜ืก ืขืจื•ื“ื™ืŸ 


ื‘ืึทื”ืึทืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš! ื ื™ื™ืŸ... ืก'ื‘ืึทื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคืึทืจืฉืขืžื˜ืข 
ืื™ืจ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ-ืžืขืจื“ืขืจ, ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ ื“ืึธืš ืื•ืžืคืŸืึทืจืฉืขืžื˜ื•ืŸ 


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ืงืจื™ื›ื˜, ืื•ืžืคืึทืจืฉืขืžื˜ืข, ืื•ื™ืฃ ื—ื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ืื•ื ืคืจืขืžื“ืข, 
ืื•ืŸ ื–ืึธืœืŸ ืืฒึทืš ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืขืจ, ื“ื™ ืฆืขืคืึทืœืขื ืข ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืจืขืžื“. 


ื–ื•ื›ื˜, ืžืขืจื“ืขืจ, ืืฒึทืขืจ ื—ื™ื™ื ืื•ืŸ ืจ'ื–ืึธืœื˜ ื–ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ... 
ื‘ืœืึธื ื“ื–ืฉืขื˜ ืื•ื ื•ื™ ืžื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืจ'ืขืจื“ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื•ื›ื˜, 

ืื•ืŸ ื–ื•ื›ื ื“ื™ืง ืื•ื™ืฃ ื—ื•ืจื‘ื•ืช-- ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืึทืจืึธืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื ืขืŸ, 

ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืžืฉื•ื’ืขืช ืื™ืŸ ืืฒึทืขืจืŸ ืคืึทืจืคืœื•ื›ื˜! 


ืึทื ื˜ืœืฑืคื˜! ื•ื™ ืžืฒึทื™ื– ืœื•ื™ืคื˜ ื ืึธื›ืŸ ืงืจื™ื’ ื™ืขืฆื˜ ื“ืขื ืคืึทืจืฉืคึผื™ืœื˜ืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืฐื•ึผ ืึทื”ื™ืŸ? ืื•ืŸ ื–ืึธืœืŸ, ืจื•ืฆื—ื™ื, ืืฒึทืš, 

ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ืžืขืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืจืขื–ืขืœืขืš ืคืึทืจืฉื™ืœื˜ืŸ 

ืื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืข ื–ืฉืึทื‘ืข ื‘ืฒึทื™ื ื‘ืจืขื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ื˜ืฒึทืš. 


ืœื•ื™ืคื˜, ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉ ื‘ืึทื”ืึธื ื’ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื™ื™ึดื“ ื’ืขื”ืจื’ืขื˜, 
ืžื™ืจ ืงืœืึทืžืขืจืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ืข ืึทืจื•ื ื”ืึทืœื“ื– ืืฒึทืš ืฉื˜ื•ื, 
ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืฐืึทืจื’ืŸ, ืฐืึทืจื’ืŸ ืืฒึทืš ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจืฐืึทืจื’ืŸ -- 
ื“ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืก (ื“ื™ ืง}ืขืคึผ, ื“ื™ ืงืขืคึผ ืื•ืŸ ืงื•ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื:... 


ื“ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ) ืžื™ืจ... ืžื™ืจ, ืžื™ืจ! ื“ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–'ืจืข ื ืขื’ืœ 
ื–ื™ื™ {ื–ืขื ืขืŸ} ืืฑืกื’ืขืฐืึธืงืกืŸ ืฉืึทืจืฃ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื ืึธื›ืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜, 

ืื™ืŸืจ ื”ืึธื˜} ื’ืขื•ึธื”ื–ืจื’ืขื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึทืœืข ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ 

ื•ึธืื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื–ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸื ื“ื– ื’ืขืžืึธืœืŸ ืจื•ื˜ { } 


ื™ืขืฆื˜ ื˜ืจืึธื’ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–, ื˜ืจืึธื’ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฉืจืขืง ืื•ื ื“ื– ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืžื”, 
ืื™ืจ ื’ืขืคื™ื ื˜ ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืขื’ ื ื™ื˜? ื’ื™ื™ื˜! ืคืึธืจืฑืก! ืคืึธืจืฑืก! 

ืžื™ืจ, ืžื™ืจ! ืžื™ืจ ืฐืขืœืŸ, ื™ืขืฆื˜ ืคืึทืจืงื™ืจืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึทื”ื™ื™ื ืืฒึทืš, 

ืžื™ืจ ืฐืขืœืŸ ืืฒึทืš ืืจืฒึทื™ื ืคื™ืจืŸ, ืืฒึทืš ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื”ื•ื™ื–. 


ืžื™ืจ ื•ืขืœืŸ ืขื“ื•ืช ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ืงื•ืงืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืฆืขื ืข, 

ื•ื™ ืื™ืจ ื‘ืึทื’ืขื’ื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ืืฒึทืขืจ ืฐืฒึทื‘ ืื•ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“, 

ื•ื™ ืื™ืจ ืคืึทืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื”ืึทืœื“ื–... ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ืœืŸ ื–ืขืŸ ืขืก 
ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ืœืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืงื•ืงืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึทืจ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืœื™ื ื“... 


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ื ื™ื™ืŸ! ื ื™ื™ืŸ! ืื™ืจ ื–ืึธืœื˜ ื•ื™ ืžื™ืจ ืขืก ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจืœืขื‘ืŸ, 
ื˜ืจืขืฃ ื™ืขื“ืขืจืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืืฒึทืš ืฆื• ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฆืขืคืึทืœืŸ ื”ื•ื™ื–, 

ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื˜ืจืขืคื˜ ื“ื™ ืฐืฒึทื‘ืขืจ ืืฒึทืขืจืข ื‘ืฒึทื ืœืขื‘ืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืืฒึทืขืจืข ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืฉื•ื™ืก... 


ื˜ืฑื™ื˜. ืื™ืŸ ืึธืคึผื™ื ืข ื˜ื™ืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ื•ื•ืขื ื˜ ื’ืขืฉืคึผืึธืœื˜ืŸ 
ื”ืขืจืŸ ืงืœืœื•ืช ื–ื™ืš... ืขืก ืฆื™ื˜ืขืจื˜ ืงืึทืœื˜ ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื™ื˜ - 
ื“ืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืืฒึทืš ื“ื™ ืฐืฒึทื‘ืขืจ ืืฒึทืขืจืข ืคืึทืจืฉืึธืœื˜ืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืืฒึทืขืจืข ืคืึทืจ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜. 


ื–ื™ ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ื™ืš ืฉื˜ืึทืจืข, ืฉื˜ืึทืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืคึผืจืึธืจืŸ, 
ื–ื™ื™ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ืฆื• ืื™ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ืฉืึธืงืœืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ-- 
ื“ื™ ืฐืฒึทื‘ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืืฒึทืขืจืข ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืึธืจื ื˜ 

ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื˜ืŸ... ืžื™ืจ ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืืฒึทืš ื ื™ื˜ ืึธืคึผ. 


ื–ื™ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึธืจื ื˜... ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ, ืžื™ืจ ืืฒึทื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื˜ืŸ -- 

ืคืึทืจ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืจ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื”ืจื’ืขื˜, ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืคืึทืจ (ืฐื•ืึธืก 
ืื™ืจ ื”ืึทืœื˜'ืก ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ืื•ืŸ ืœื•ื™ืคื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืœืข ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ืŸ, 

ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ื ืงืขืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ื™ื˜ืขืจืŸ ื“ืขื ื›ึผื•ืก. 


ืื™ืจ ืœื•ื™ืคื˜, ืึท ืžื—ื ื” ืงื™ื ืก, ืึท ื•ื•ื™ืœื“ืข ืจื•ืฆื—ื™ื-ื”ืึธืจื“ืข, 
ืœื•ื™ืคื˜ ื–ื™ื ื“ื™ืงืข, ืœื•ื™ืคื˜, ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืจืึทืกื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืจื•ื˜-- 
ืึทืš, ืฐื•ึผ ืื™ืจ ืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืึท ืคื•ืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืจ ื’ืขืžืึธืจื“ืขื˜, 
ืืฑืฃ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืงืœ ืขืจื“ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืจ ืคืึทืจื’ืึธืกืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื˜. 


ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืœืขื’ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื˜ืœ 

ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืจ ืื™ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ ื’ืขื˜ื•ื ืงืขืŸ ื˜ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜ืŸ } 
ื™ืขื“ืข ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ืื™ื– ืึท ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจ ื‘ืœืขื˜ืœ 

ืื™ืŸ ืืฒึทืขืจ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ื‘ื•ืš, ืคึผื—ื“ื ื™ื, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜! 


ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ืฉืฐืึทื›ืขืจืข ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืข, 
ื‘ืึทืจืฑื‘ืŸ ืขืœื ื˜ืข-- ื“ืขืจ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจืกื˜ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ืจื•ื™ื‘! 


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ืึท ืคืึธืœืง ืึทืŸ ืื•ืžื‘ืึทื”ืึธืœืคืขื ืขื ื–ืขื ื˜ ืื™ืจ ื‘ืึทืคืึทืœืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ืฆืขื˜ืจืึธื˜ืŸ ืื™ื, ืฆืขืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ื ื•ื™ ืฉื˜ื•ื™ื‘. 


ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืึทืฐื™ื–ืŸ ืืฒึทืขืจ ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื‘ืฒึท ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ 
ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืฒึท ืึทืœื˜ืข... ืึธ, ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ื˜, ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ื˜ ื“ื™ ืงื•ื ืฅ 
ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึธืจื“ืŸ ืจื™ื™ื ืข, ืจื™ื™ื ืกื˜ืข, ืฉืžื•ืฆื™ืงืข ืื™ืจ ื–ื™ื ื“ืขืจืŸ.ืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืงืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผื—ื“ื ื•ืช ืื•ื ื“ื–... 


ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฆืขื‘ืจืึธื›ืŸ ืคืขืœืงืขืจ, ื ืึธืจ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืจ ืคืึทืจื˜ื™ืœื™ืงื˜ืŸ,} 
ืคืึทืจืคึผืฒึทื ื™ืงื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–, ื’ืขื’ืขืกืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืฐื•ื™ {(ื‘ืจื•ื™ื˜,ืŸ 

ืฐื™ ืฐืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืจื•ื ืงืขืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื˜, ืื™ ืึทืœื˜, ืื™ ื‘ื™ืœื™ืง, 

ืึธ ื•ื•ืขืจ ื•ื™ ืžื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืจ'ืขืจื“, ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืื•ืžื‘ืึทืฉื˜ืŸืจื–ืึธืคึผื˜ ื’ืขื˜ื•ื™ื˜?... 


ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืฐื™ ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึธืจื‘ืขื ืข ื’ืขื–ืฆื˜ื™ืงื˜ ืืฒึทืขืจ ืชึผืื•ื•ื” 
ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜, ื”ื™ืขื ืขื ืคืึธืœืง ื’ืขื˜ืจื•ื ืงืขืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื‘ืœื•ื˜, 

ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขื”ืึธืœืคืŸ ืืฒึทื™ืš... ืื™ื–'ืก ื’ืึธื˜? ืฆื™ ืื™ื–'ืก ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืฒึทืฐืœืŸ } 
ืื•ื‘ ื’ืึธื˜-- ื˜ืึธ ื–ืึธืœ'ืก ืื™ื ืฉืžืขืงืŸ ื’ื•ื˜! 


ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืฒึทืฐืœ ืื™ื–'ืก... ื–ื™ึทื™ื˜ ืึทืœืข, ื–ืฒึทื˜ ืคืึทืจืฉืึธืœื˜ืŸ, 
ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืึธื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืคืึทืจืฉืึธืœื˜ืŸ, ื“ื• ื•ื•ื™ืœื“ืข ื—ื™ื”, ื“ื•! 

ืžื™ื˜ ืžืขืคื™ืกื˜ืึธืคืœืขืŸ ื–ื™ื ืงื˜ ื˜ื™ืฃ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืจ'ืขืจื“ ื’ืขืฉืคึผืึธืœื˜ืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ื˜ื™ืฃ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืจ'ืขืจื“ ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ื–ืึธืœื˜ ืื™ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืจื•... 


ืขืก ื–ืึธืœ ื“ื™ ืขืจื“ ืื™ืŸ ืฆืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืจืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื”ืึทืกืŸ 
ืืฒึทืš ืืฑืกืฉืคึผืฒึทืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืขืงืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืžื•ื™ืœ - 

ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึทืœื’ืขืจื˜ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ืข ื–ื™ืš, ื•ื™ ืžื™ืจ, ืฐื•ืฑื™ ืžื–ื™ืจ, ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึทืกืŸ 
ืžื™ื˜ ืฐืฒึทื‘ ืื•ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืงื ื•ื™ืœ. 


ืื•ืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ื“ื™ ืฉื•ื•ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ืืฒึทื™ืจ'ืข, ื“ื™ ื”ื™ืขื ืข ื–ื•ื™ืŸื’ืฅ 

ืคื•ืŸ ืืฒึทืขืจ ืœืฒึทื‘ ื“ืขื ืœืขืฆื˜ืŸ ื˜ืจืึธืคึผืŸ (ื’ื™ืคื˜,ืŸ 

ืื•ืŸ ืฉืคึผืึทืจื‘ืขืจ ื–ืึธืœืŸ ืืฑืกืงืึทืœื•ืคึผืขืŸ ืื™ึทื•ื™ึทืš ื“ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื’ืจื•ื™ื–ืึทืžืข ื“ืึธืก ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ืข ื”ืึทืจืฅ ืื™ึทื™ึทืš ื˜ื™ืฃ}... 


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ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขื’ืขืกืขื ืข, ืžื™ื˜ ื”ืขืจืฆืขืจ ื–ืึธืœื˜ ืื™ืจ ืฉืคึผื™ืจืŸ, 
ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืจื•ื ืขื ืข ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื–ืึธืœื˜ ืื™ืจ ื–ืขืŸ, 

ืฐื™ ืก'ื’ื™ื™ืขืŸ ืœื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื•ืŸ ืฉืขืžืขืจื™ืจืŸ -- 

ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืึทื ืขืŸ? ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฐื•ึผ? ืื•ืŸ ื•ื™ ืึทื–ืฑ? ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืŸ? 


(ืžื™ื˜ ื”ืขืจืฆืขืจ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ) ืคืึทืจื•ื•ืขืจืขืžื˜, ืคื™ืœื˜, ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ-ืฉืขื ื“ืขืจ, 
ื•ึฐืžื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืืฑื™/ืกื’ืขืคึผื™ืงื˜ืข ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืงื•ืงื˜, ื–ื™ื ื“ื™ืงืข ืื•ืŸ ื–ืขื˜: 
ื•ึทื•ื•ื™ ืก'ืœืขื‘ืŸ) ื ืึทืฆื™ืึธื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœืข ืœืขื ื“ืขืจ, 

ื•ื™ ืก'ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ) ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืœื™ึดืขืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ืœืขื›ืข ืื•ื™ืฃ ืฉื˜ืขื˜! 


ืžื™ื˜ ืžื•ื—ื•ืช ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื˜ืจื™ืงื ื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ืžืœื˜ 

ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืขืจืŸ ืคืึทืจืžืึธื›ื™ืงื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ื™ืœืข ื”ืขืจื˜: 

ื•ื™ ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืฑืกื’ืขืœืฒึทื˜ืขืจื˜ ืงืœืึธืจ ื ืึธืš ืืฒึทืš ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ืžืœ, 
ื•ื™ ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ืฆืขืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ืึธืš ืืฒึทืš ื“ื™ ืขืจื“... 


ื”ืขืจื˜, ื”ืขืจื˜: ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืฆืขืงืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื‘ืข ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืœื•ื™ื‘ื•ืŸืŸ 
ืื•ื™ืฃ ื’ืึธืจ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ืึท ื”ืขืจืœืขื›ืข ืึท ืœื™ื“-- 

ื”ืขืจื˜, ื”ืขืจื˜ ืึท ืฉื˜ื™ืžืข ืžืขื›ื˜ื™ืง, ืื™ ืคืจืฒึทื™ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ ื“ืขืจื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸืŸ - } 
ื“ืึธืก ื–ื™ื ื’ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืคืขืœืงืขืจื›ืึธืจ ื“ืขืจ ืืฒื™ื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ื•ึทื™ื™ึดื“.ืŸ 


ื”ืขืจื˜ ื”ืขืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ืึท ืฉื˜ื•ืจืขื ื•ื•ื™ืœื“ ืืฒึทื™ืš ื‘ืึทืœื“ ืื•ื™ืฃ {ืฉื˜ื•ื™ื‘ ืฆืขืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ) 
ืคืึทืจื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื•ืช ืืฒึทื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ืฐืฒึท|ื‘ ืื•ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“- } 
ืขืก ื–ืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื“ืขื›ืขื ื™ืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸื™ึดืš ืคืึทืจื‘ืœืฒื™ื‘ืŸ} 


ืึธ ื—ืœื•ื ื‘ื™ื™ื–, ืฐื•ืขืจ ืึธืคึผื ืขืžืขืงื˜, ืคืึทืจืŸื•ื•ื™ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืฐื™ื ื˜ื•ึผืŸ 


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ืึทืจื™ื™ื ืคื™ืจ 33 


ืึท ืœืฑื‘ื’ืขื–ืึทื ื’ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ืื•ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขื ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืคึผื ื™ื-ืืœ-ืคึผื ื™ื ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืขื ื˜ื•ื™ื˜. ืคื•ืŸ 
ื™ื•ื ื™ 1942 ื‘ื™ื– ืึทืคึผืจื™ืœ 1943, ืคืึทืจื ืขืžื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื™.ืง. ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื•ื•ืขืจืง ื›ึผืžืขื˜ ืื•ื™ืกืฉืœื™ืกืœืขืš ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืจืขืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ื‘ืฒึทื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืŸ ื ืึทืฆื™ืฉืŸ ืจืขื–ืฉื™ื, ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจืข ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืึทื ื˜ืคึผืœืขืงื•ื ื’ืขืŸ: (ื) ื“ื™ ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ืคื•ืŸ ืืžื•ื ื”, (ื‘) ื“ื™ 
ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทืฐืึธืคึผื ื˜ืŸ ืืฑืคืฉื˜ืึทื ื“. ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื™ื˜, ื‘ืึทื–ื™ื ื’ื˜ ื™.ืง. ื“ื™ ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืฉื˜ืขื ื“ืœืขืจ, ืฐืฒึทืœ ืขืจ 
ื“ืขืจืฉืคึผื™ืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืื™ื™ื ืขื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืขืจื”ื•ื™ื‘ื ืกื˜ืข ืื•ื™ืกื“ืจื•ืงืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืฒึทืกื˜ ื‘ืฒึท ื“ืขืจ ืžื—ื ื” ื—ืœื•ืฆื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื’ืœื•ืช, 
ืื™ื ืขื ื‘ืึทืฐืึธืคึผื ื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืฉื˜ืึทื ื“ ื“ืขืจื–ืขื˜ ื™.ืง. ืึท ืกื™ืžื‘ืึธืœื™ืฉืŸ ืื•ื™ืคื˜ื•, ืื•ื™ืก ืื™ื“ืขื ื˜ื™ืคื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืข ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื’ื•ืจืœ ืคึฟื•ืŸ 
ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืึธืœืง ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื“ื™ ื—ืœื•ืฆื™ื ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื ืึทืฆื™ืึธื ืึทืœืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ, 
ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืึทืจืฒึทื ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืงืึทืžืฃ ืคึฟืึทืจืŸ ืงื™ื•ื ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืฐืึธืคื ื˜ืŸ ืงืึทืžืฃ ืคืึทืจ ืึท ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืืจืฅ- 
ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ-- ื•ื™ ืžื™ืจ ื“ืจื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ืึทืจืฑืก ืคื•ืŸ ื™-ืง'ืก ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ื‘ืขืชืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืืฑืคืฉื˜ืึทื ื“ ืึธื ื”ืฒื‘ 1943 (ื–ืข: ืฆื‘ื™ื” 
ืœื•ื‘ื˜ืงื™ืŸ, ืกืคืจ ื“ืจื•ืจ, ื–ื™ 482). ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜ ืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื™.ืง. ื“ืขื ื˜ืจืึธืคึผ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืึทืคืŸ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืื•ื™ืฃ 
ื™ืขื ืขืจ ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ืฐืึธืก ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ืื™ื ื›ืึทืจืึทืงื˜ืขืจื™ื–ื™ืจื˜ ื•ื™ -- ื“ื™ ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืืžื•ื ื” ืฉืœืžื” ื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื 
ืื•ืŸ ืึทืœืข ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื“ืจื›ื™ื, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื“ืจื™ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืก ื”ืฑืคึผื˜ื–ืึทื›ืœืขืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื™ื ืขืŸ ื’ืึธื˜.- ืื™ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจืฐื•ืึทืจื˜ื•ื ื’ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืื•ืœื” ืฉืœืžื” -- ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ื•ื™ ื–ื™ ืื™ื–. ืึทื–ืึท ืžื™ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืฒึทื™ืกื˜ ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืึทืจืฑืก ื™.ืง. 
ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื™ืŸ ืฉืึทืคืŸ ื‘ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื™ื•ื ื’ืข ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ื“ืจืฒื™ืกื™ืงืขืจ ื™ืึธืจืŸ -- ื‘ืฒึท ืฉืœืžื” ื–ืฉืขืœื™ื›ืึธื•ื•ืกืงื™ืŸ, ืึท ื’ืขืจืขืจ ื—ืกื™ื“, 
ืึทืจื•ื 37 ื™ืึธืจ ืึทืœื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืฒึท ื“ืขื ืจื‘ื™, ืจ' ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืฉืœืžื” ืœื™ื™ื ืขืจ, ื“ืขืจ ืคื™ื ืคื˜ืขืจ ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืจื‘ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ืจืึทื“ื–ื™ืŸ, 
ืึทืจื•ื 33 ื™ืึธืจ ืึทืœื˜ (ื–ืข: ืชื‘ืข"ืค - ื‘ืจืงื•ื‘ื™ืฅ, ื–ื™ 5; ืฉืจื’ืื™, ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ, ื–ื™ 76), ืื•ืŸ ื–ืข ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ: "ื“ืึธืก 
ืœื™ื“ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืจืึทื“ื–ื™ื ืขืจ", ื ื•ืž' 35, 

ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืข ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“ ื ื™ืฉื˜ืึธ, ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ืžืขื ื˜ืึทืœืก ืจืฉื™ืžื” ื ื•ืž' 37, ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ื™ืึธืจ 
2, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืคื•ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื, ืชืฉื›"ื˜, ืคืขืœืŸ -- ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื˜ืขื›ื ื™ืฉืข ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช, ืึท ืจื™ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจืง ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ 
ื–ื™ื™ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธื–ื™ืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ "ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืฉืœืžื” ื–ืฉืขืœื™ื›ืึธืฐื•ืกืงื™". ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึทืจ-ืœืขืฆื˜ืขืจ ืืฑืกื’ืึทื‘ืข ืคื•ืŸ 
ื›ืชื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื, ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ ืชืฉื˜"ื– (ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืข ืืฑืกื’ืึทื›ืข), ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ืขืจ 
ื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ืึธื’ืจืึทืคื™ืฉืขืจ ืจืฉื™ืžื”, ื ื•ืž' 35, ืึท ื”ืฉืขืจื” ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึทื˜ืข: ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉ"ื‘ 177 ื˜ืขืจ ืžืื™-- 15 ื˜ืขืจ ื™ื•ื ื™' 
2 ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ืฒึทื˜ 370, ื•ื•ืขืจื˜, ืึธื ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืึทื– ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื ืึธืš ื“ืขื ื•ื™ ืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ื“ืขืจืฐื•ึผืกื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืึทื– ืึทืจื•ื ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขื”ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ 10 ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ื–ื“ื•ื ืกืงืข- 
ืฐืึธืœื™ืข, ืื•ืŸ ืึทื– ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฉืœืžื” ื–ืฉืขืœื™ื›ืึธื•ื•ืกืงื™. ื–ืฉืขืœื™ื›ืึธื•ื•ืกืงื™ืก ื”ืขืœื“ื™ืฉืข ื”ืึทืœื˜ื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– 
ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืขืœ ื‘ืึทื˜ืึธื ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ. ืึทื–ืึท ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ืฐืขืจื˜ ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืขืจื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืื™ื ืคืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข-ื‘ื™ื•ืœืขื˜ื™ืŸ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ "ื“ืจื•ืจ"-ื‘ืึทื•ื•ืขื’ื•ื ื’, ืื™ืŸ ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช, ื ื•ืž' 6, ืคื•ืŸ ืคื˜ืŸ ื™ื•ื ื™ 1942, ื–ื™ 3. ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื‘ื–ื” ื”ืœืฉื•ืŸ; 

"ื–ื“ื•ื ืกืงื-ื•ื•ืŸืืœืืŸ { ื“ื– ื“ื•ืฒึทื˜ืฉืขืŸ (ื”ืขื ื–ืงืขืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขื”ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคื•ืจื™ื 1731 ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ.  {โ€ ืื™ืŸ 
ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื—!ื–ืจื˜} ื“ืขื ื“ืื–ื™ืงืŸ ื˜ืฒื™ืฐืœืึธื ื™ืฉืŸ ืกืคึผืขืงื˜ืึทืงืœ ืื•ื™ืš ืขืจื‘ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช. ื–ื•ื™ื™ ื”ืื‘ืŸ ืื–ื•ื™ืคื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืึท ืชืœื™ื”, 
ื ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื–ืงืœื™ื‘ืŸ 10 ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ืื•ืŸ ืึทืจื™ื™ื ื’ืขืœืื–ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื“ืื–ื™ืงื–ืขืจ "ืคืืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’" ื“ื™ ื’ืึทื ืฆืข ื•ืฉื˜}ืื˜ื™ืฉืข 
ื‘ืืคืขืœืงืขืจื•ื ื’. ืฆื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืืจืžืŸืฉืŸืคื˜ืŸืขืŸ ืฆื•ื {ึทื˜ืฑื™ื–ื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ื“ืืจื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืคืฉื•ื˜ืขืจ, ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ื™ื™ื“, 
ืฉืœืžื” ื–ืฉืขืœื™ืŸื›ืื•ื•}ืกืงื™, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ื”ืื˜ ืื•ื™ืคื’ืŸืขืžื•ื ื˜ืขืจื˜ืŸ ื{ืœืขืŸ ืืจืŸื•ื–ื, ืžื™ื˜ {ื›}ื•ื— ืฆ{ืขื–ื ื•ื™ืคื’ืขื‘ืจืื›ื˜ืข ื™ื™ื ื“ืŸืŸ 
{ื•ืื–ื•ื™ืฃ } ื–ื™ื™ ืคืืจืฐืขืจืŸื˜ืŸ ืฆื• ื•ึทื˜ืจื–ื•ื™ืขืจืŸ, ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื–ื•ื™ื™} ื‘ื˜ื—(ื•ื–ืŸ ื ึทืื•ื–ืŸ ื ื’ืขื–ื•ื•ื ืขื–ืŸ ื ืฆื•ืคืŸืจื™ื“ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืžืงืจืฑื™ื‘?ืŸ 
11 } ื–ื•ื™ื™ื–ืŸ ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืืŸื ืฆืขืจ ืขื“ื”, ื•ื”ืืœื˜ื ื“ื–ื™ืง ื“ืืก {ืคืึทืจ ืึท ื–ื›ื•ืช. ื“ืขื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ ื”ืŸืื˜ 


40 


} {ื’ื–ืขื–ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืžืฉืžื— ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ." 

ืฉืœืžื” ื–ืฉืขืœื™ื›ืึธื•ื•ืกืงื™ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ื’ืขืจืขืจ ื—ืกื™ื“, ืึท ื–ื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื“ื•ืจื•ืช-ืึทืœื˜ืขืจ ืžืฉืคึผื—ื” ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขืจืขืจ ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ื, 
ื“ืขืจ ื–ื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื ื’ื™ื“ ืจ' ืžืฉื” ื’ื“ืœื™ื” ื–ืฉืขืœื™ื›ืึธื•ื•ืกืงื™. ืึทืœืฒืŸ ืึท ืกื•ื—ืจ, ืึทืŸ ืื•ื”ื‘-ื ื’ื™ื ื” ืื•ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืขืœ-ืชึผืคื™ืœื” ื™ืžื™ื- 
ื ื•ืจืื™ื, ืึท ืงื•ื‘ืข-ืขื™ืชึผื™ื ืœืชึผื•ืจื”, ืฉืœืžื” ื–ื™ืฉืขืœื™ื›ืึธื•ื•ืกืงื™ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ื•ื˜ ืืฒึทื ื’ืขืึธืจื“ื ื˜, ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืจื•ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ 
ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืงืœื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืฐืขื‘ืขืจืฒึท ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืคึผืึธืจ ืฆืขื ื“ืœื™ืง ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืขืจ, ืื•ื™ืš ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืžืฉืคึผื—ื” ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขืจืขืจ 
ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื–ื“ื•ื ืกืงืข-ืฐืึธืœื™ืข (ื“ื™ ืึทืœืข ืคึผืจื˜ื™ื ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื“ืึธ ืคืึทืจืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืœื•ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื ืคืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื’ื•ื˜ืข ื’ืึธืœื“ืข 
ื‘ืขืจืงืึธืฐื™ื˜ืฉ, ืฉืœืžื” ื–ืฉืขืœื™ื›ืึธื•ื•ืกืงื™ืก ื˜ืึธื›ื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืฐืฑื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ, ื–ืข: ืชื‘ืข"ืค- ื‘ืจืงื•ื‘ื™ืฅ, ื–'2, 
5, 9). | 

ื ืึธืš ื“ืขื ื•ื™ ืฉืœืžื” ื–ืฉืขืœื™ื›ืึธื•ื•ืกืงื™ ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจืื•ืจื˜ื™ื™ืœื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืฒึทื™ื˜ืฉืŸ, ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืึธืš ื ืฒึทื™ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ, 
ืฆื• ืฉื˜ืึทืจื‘ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืชึผืœื™ื” ืขืจื‘-ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื ืึทื›ื˜ ืคืึทืจ ืขืจื‘-ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืคืึธืจื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืข - 
ืชึผืคื™ืกื”-ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืฆื• ืคืึทืกื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึทืฐื ืขืŸ ื™ื•ื-ื›ึผื™ืคึผื•ืจื“ื™ืงืข-ืชึผืคื™ืœื•ืช, ืื•ืŸ ืึทื–ืฑ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ. ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ 
ื“ืขืจื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื• ื ืขื™ืœื”, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื‘ืฒึท ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื’ืขื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืึทื– ืžืข ื–ืึธืœ ืคึผืึทืจืขื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ื“ืขื ื“ืึทื•ื•ื ืขืŸ ืฆื• ืžืึธืจื’ื ืก ื‘ืฒึท 
ื“ืขืจ ืชึผืœื™ื”, ืื•ืŸ ืึทื–ืฑ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ (ื–ืข: ืคืจืื’ืขืจ (ืชืฉื›"ื–), ื–ื–ื™ ืงื›"ื—-ืงืž"ื“-- ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื‘ืจืขื ื’ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืžื—ื‘ืจ 
ื“ื™ ืขื“ื•ืชืฉืึทืคื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืขื“ื™-ืฉืžื™ืขื” ืื•ืŸ ืขื“ื™-ืจืื™ื™ื”; ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื–ื“ื•ื ืกืงื”-ื•ื•ืœื”, ื–ื–' 338- 343). 

ืœื•ื˜ ื•ื™ ืขืก ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœืŸ ืคึผืึทื‘ื™ืึทื ื™ืฆืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ, ืื™ื– ืฉืœืžื” ื–ืฉืขืœื™ื›ืึธื•ื•ืกืงื™ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืขืจ ืึท ื‘-ืขื™ืจ ืื•ืŸ ืึท 
ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืชึผื•ืฉื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืึทื‘ื™ืึทื ื™ืฅ. ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื“ื•ื ืกืงืข-ืฐืึธืœื™ืข ืื™ื– ืขืจ ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ, ื ืึธืš ื“ืขื ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ืžืœื—ืžื” ืื™ื– 
ืืฑืกื’ืขื‘ืจืึธื›ืŸ (ื–ืข: ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ืช ืœื•ื—ืžื™ ื”ื’ื™ื˜ืื•ืช, ื ื•ืž' (13) 1, ื™ืึทื ื•ืึทืจ 1956, ื–ื™ 43). ืœื•ื˜ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข, 
ื˜ืฒื™ืœืฐืฒึทื– ืื•ืžื‘ืึทืงืึทื ื˜ืข ืžืงื•ืจื™ื, ืื™ื– ืงืœืึธืจ ืึทื– ื™.ืง. ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคืึทืจื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื˜ืจืฒึท ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ, ืื™ื ืขื ืœื™ื“ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ 
ืฉืœืžื” ื–ืฉืขืœื™ื›ืึธื•ื•ืกืงื™ืŸ, ืึทืŸ ืื•ื™ื˜ืขื ื˜ื™ืฉืข ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืข ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทืœื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืึท ืจืขืึทืœืข ืคึผืึทืกื™ืจื•ื ื’. ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื‘ื™ื– 
ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ืคืึทืจื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืข ืขื“ื•ืช ืื•ืŸ ื’ื‘ื™ืช-ืขื“ื•ืชืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื“ืขืจืžืขื’ืœืขื›ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืึธื ืฆื•ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืึทื– "ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ 
ืฉืœืžื” ื–ืฉืขืœื™ื›ืึธื•ื•ืกืงื™", ืึทืคื™ืœื• ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืกืžืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ืคื•ืŸ "ื“ืจื•ืจ" (ื–ืข ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ), ื”ืึธื˜ ืึทืŸ 
ืึธื ืฉืคึผืึทืจ ื‘ืœื™-ืกืคืง ืื™ืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืขืจืขืจ ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึทืจืฉืข, ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืขืจ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืŸ-ื”ืกืชึผื ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจืฐื•ึผืกื˜ ื“ื™ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืข ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืข ืคึผืจื˜ื™ื ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืœื™ื“ ืื•ืŸ 
ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ืคื•ืŸ "ื“ืจื•ืจ" ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคืึทืจืึทืŸ (ื–ืข ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื™-ืงื™ืก ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื•ืฉืข ืคืจื™ื“ืžืึทืŸ, ืึท 
ื’ืขืจืขืจ ื—ืกื™ื“ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธื ืคื™ืจืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื’ื•ื“ื” ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืฑืœืŸ, ื‘ืฒึท: ืขืง, (ืชืฉ"ืš), ื–ื™ 206). 

ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืœืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืจื™ื’ื™ื ืึทืœ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื“ืึธ ืฆื•ื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜, ืึธืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจืงื™ืจืฆื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืฐืึธืก 
ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืžืึทื›ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ื‘ื™ึทื™ื ืึธืคึผื“ืจื•ืงืŸ ืื™ื ื ืึธืš ื“ืขืจ ืžืœื—ืžื”. ื ืึธืš ื“ืขืจ ืžืœื—ืžื” ืื™ื– "ื“ืึธืก 
ืœื™ื“ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืฉืœืžื” ื–ืฉืขืœื™ื›ืึธื•ื•ืกืงื™" ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืžืึธืœ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ืกื’ืึทื‘ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉืืจื™ืช-ื”ืคึผืœื™ื˜ื”, 
ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืคืึทืœืŸ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคื•ืœืงื•ื, ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืข ื—ืœืงื™ื ืคืขืœืŸ; ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ 
ืื™ืŸ: (ื) ืคึผื™ึทื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืขื‘ืจ ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงืขื’ื ื•ื•ืึทืจื˜. ื“ืจื™ื˜ืข 
ืื•ื™ืคืœืึทื’ืข ืžื™ื ื›ืขืŸ, "ื“ืจื•ืจ", 1947, 6, ื–ื–' 97-- 102. ื“ืึธ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืึทืจืฑืกื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื˜ืจืึธืคึผืขืก ื ื•ืž' 
33:31-17- 34; 36-- 38. ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ: (ื‘) ื‘ืึทืคึผืจื™ื™ื•ื ื’, ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื™ืึธืจ, 16ื˜ืขืจ ืึทืคึผืจื™ืœ 1948, ื ื•ืž' 55. ื“ืขืจ 
ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธ ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ืึทืจืฑืกื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ืข ืกื˜ืจืึธืคืขืก. ื“ื™ ืึทืจืฑืกื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ืข ืฉื•ืจื•ืช 
ื‘ืึทื˜ืจืขืคืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ืึธืจ ืึท ื”ืขืœืคื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืงื•ืจ, ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืฉื™ื™ืš ื“ืขื ืฆืขื ื˜ืจืึทืœืŸ ืžืขืžื“ ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื“, ืึธืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื’ืึทื ืฆืขืจ ื›ืึทืจืึทืงื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืง ื‘ืœืฒื™ื‘ื˜ ืคืึทืจืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืคึผืจืขื˜ืึทืฆื™ืข -- ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื˜ืŸ, 

ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืœื™ื™ืขื ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืคืึทืจ ื™.ืง'ืก ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ "ื“ืจื•ืจ"-ืงืึธืžื•ื ืข ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื–ื™ืขืœื ืึท 24, ืื•ืŸ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืึทืจืฑืกื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜, ืึท ื“ื™ืกืงื•ืกื™ืข -- ืฐืฒึทืœ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื—ื‘ืจื™ื, ื“ื™ ื—ืœื•ืฆื™ื, ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ื’ืขืคื™ืœ 
ืึทื– ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ืœื™ื“ ื”ืึธื˜ ื™.ืง. ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ืึทืจืงื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ-ื”ืฉื ืื•ืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฉืฐืึทื›ื˜ ื“ื™ 


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ืงืึทืžืคืก-ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ืงื™ื™ื˜ ื‘ืฒึท ื“ื™ ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคื˜ื™ืงืข ืื•ื™ืคืฉื˜ืขื ื“ืœืขืจ - ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืฆืฒึทื˜ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• 
ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ื™ืจืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืฐืึธืคื ื˜ืŸ ืฐื™ื“ืขืจืฉื˜ืึทื ื“ (ื–ืข: ืฆื•ืงืจืžืŸ - ืžื‘ืคื ื™ื, ื™"ื’, ื–ื™ 36). ืžืขืจ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืจื˜ื™ื ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืึทื–ืึท 
ื“ื™ืกืงื•ืกื™ืข, ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคืึทืจืึทืŸ. ื“ืึธืก ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ืข ืื™ื– ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื’ืขื ื•ื’ ื›ึผื“ื™ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทื˜ืึธื ืขืŸ ื“ืขื ืžืขืžื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื™-ืง'ืก 
ืฉืึทืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ, ืฆื• ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืึทืฆืฑื’ืŸ ื•ื™ ืขืก ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืงืœืึธืจ-- ื•ื™ ืฆื• ืึท ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉ ืฐืึธืก ืคึฟืึทืจืžืึธื’ื˜ ืึท 
ืคึผืึธื˜ืขื ืฆื™ืขืœืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืฆืฒื™ื’ืขืจื™ืฉืŸ ื›ึผื•ื— ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืคื™ืœื˜ ืึท ื ืึธืจึนืžืึทื˜ื™ื•ื•ืข ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ืข ื“ื•ืจื›ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจืฉื˜ืึทืจืงืŸ ื“ืขื ืฆื•ื‘ื•ื ื“ ืฆื• 
ืœืขื‘ื ืก-ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ืŸ ื‘ืึทืืฒึทื ึฐืคืœื•ืกืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืœืขื›ืข ื”ืึทื ื“ืœื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜ืข ืื•ืžืฉื˜ืึทื ื“ืŸ. ืงื•ืจืฅ ืคืึทืจืŸ 
ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธืขืžืข ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืฆื•ื ื“ืจื•ืง, ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืจื•ืจ-ื”ื—ืœื•ืฅ, ื•ื™ ืึท ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ 
ืึท ืกืคืขืฆื™ืขืœืขืจ ืืฑืกื’ืึทื‘ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ึฐืงื™ืก ื’ืขื˜ืึธ-ืœื™ื“ืขืจ (ื–ืข ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ, ืื™ืŸ ืึทืจืฒึทื ืคึฟื™ืจ ืฆื• "ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึธื“ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืœืึทื›ื˜", ื ื•ืž' 
4) ืึทืŸ ืึทื ืึทืœื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืกื˜ืจื•ืงื˜ื•ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื“ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืžืงื•ืจื™ื, ื–ืข ืื™ืŸ: ืฉื™ื™ื ื˜ื•ืš (1982), 

ื“ืขืจ ืึธืจื™ื’ื™ื ืขืœืขืจ, ื˜ืฒืœืฐื•ืฒึทื– ืฆืขืฉืขื“ื™ืงื˜ืขืจ ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“, ื’ืขืคื™ื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื™.ืง. -ืึทืจื›ื™ื•ื• ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ืœื•ื—ืžื™ ื”ื’ื™ื˜ืื•ืช, 
ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืจืขื’ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ืจื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื ื•ืž' 811/1035. ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืš ืึธืคึผื’ืขืจืึทื˜ืขืฐืขื˜ ืึท 
ืฉืจืฒื™ื‘ืžืึทืฉื™ืŸ-ืงืึธืคึผื™ืข, ื’ืขืžืึทื›ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืื™ื– ืจืขื’ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ืจื˜, ื“ืึธืจื˜, ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื ื•ืž' 811/10358. 
ื‘ืฒึทื ื“ืขืฉื™ืคืจื™ืจืŸ ื“ืขื ืึธืจื™ื’ื™ื ืขืœืŸ ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืš ื‘ืึทื ื•ืฆื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธืคึผื™ืข, ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืŸ ืึทืœื˜ืขืจ 
ืคืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืคึผื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืžืงื•ืจ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ืก'ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคึผืึทืจื”ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ืฒึท ื“ื™ ืจืึทื ื“ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึธืจื™ื’ื™ื ืขืœืŸ 
ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“. ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉืฐื•ึผื ื“ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ืึธืจืŸ. 


ื•ื“ื–ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ื•ื•ื ืขื’ืŸ} ืฉืœืžื” ื•ื–ื–ืฉืขืœื™ื›ืึธื•ื•ืกืงื™ 


ืžื–ื™ื ื’|ื˜, ืขืจื“ ืื•ืŸ ื”ื™ืžืœ ื–ื™ื ื’ื˜, ื–ื™ื ื’ ื’ืึธื˜, ื–ื™ื ื’ ื™ื•ื“ื“ "ืงื”-ืฐืึธื•-"ืงื”, 
ื–ืฑื™ื ื’ื˜ ืึทืœืข ืื•ื ื˜ืŸ ื“ืึธ, ื–ื™ื ื’ื˜ ืึทืœืข ื“ืึธืจื˜, ื–ื™ื ื’ื˜ ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ! 

ื–ื™ื ื’ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ืŸ ืึทืœืข, ื–ื™ื ื’ื˜ ื“ืขื ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืฉืœืžื” ื–ืฉืขืœื™ื›ืึธื•ื•ืกืงื™.- 
ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืจ'ืขืจื“, ื“ืขื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ื“ืขืจื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ. 


ืฉื˜ื™ื™ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื”ืึธืžืขืจื•ืก, ื‘ืœื™ื ื“ืขืจ ื“ื• ืื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ื–ื™ื ื’ืขืจ, 

ืื•ืŸ ื“ื•ื“, ื“ื•ื“, ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ื–ื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืฉื™ืŸ -- ืื•ื™ืคืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ืขืจ! 

ื ืขืžื˜ ื“ื™ ื”ืึทืจืคืŸ, ืงืœืึทืคึผื˜ ื“ื™ ืกื˜ืจื•ื ืขืก ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื™ื“ืขืœืข ืื™ืจ ืคื™ื ื’ืขืจ 
ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื ื’ื˜ ืึท ืœื™ื“ ืฆื• ืฉืœืžื”ืŸ, ื“ืขื ื™ื™ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื“ื•ื ืกืงืึท-ืฐืึธืœื™ืข. 


ื–ื™ื ื’ื˜, ื˜ืจื™ื™ืกื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“... ื˜ืจื™ื™ืกื˜ ื˜ืจื™ื™ืกื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืคืœื•ืช ืื™ืจ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืงื˜ ื–ื™: 
ืฐื•ื™ืœ ื“ื™ืจ, ื•ื•ื•ื™ืœ, ืึธ, ืขืจื“, ื‘ืึทื’ื ืขื“ื™ืงื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื ืฒึท ืื•ืŸ ื ืฒึท ื‘ืึทืฉืึธื ืงืขืŸ 
ื•ื•ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื”ืขืจืึทืงืœืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืึทื›ื™ืœืขืก ื•ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืื•ืŸ ืฐืขืจ ืื™ื– ื”ืขืงื˜ืึธืจ? 
ืงืขื’ืŸ ื”ืขืœื“ ืฐืึธืก ืž'ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื“ื•ื ืกืงืึท-ืฐืึธืœื™ืข ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืžืึทืจืง ื’ืขื”ืึธื ื’ืขืŸ? 


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ืื™ืŸ ื–ื“ื•ื ืกืงืึท-ืฐืึธืœื™ืข ื˜ื•ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืขืก ืจืขืฉื˜, ืขืก ืจื•ื“ืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืื•ืŸ ืก'ื˜ื•ืžืœื˜ 

ืก'ืื™ื– ืขืจื‘-ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช -- ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืชึผืŸ-ืชึผื•ืจื” ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– ืงืึธื ื˜ื™ืง; 

ืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ื“ืขื ืคึผืึทืจืžืึทื›ื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขืขืคื ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืจื•ื ื“ืึธืจื˜ 
ืึทืœื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉืŸ ืžืึทื›ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ื›ื ื•ืช ืฆื• ื“ืขื ื™ื•ื-ื˜ื•ื‘. 


ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืขืคื ื˜, ืืฑืคื’ืขืคึผืจืึทืœื˜ ื“ื™ ื˜ื•ื™ืขืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ-- 
ืžืขืŸ ืžืขื’ ืึทืจืฒึทื ื’ืฒืŸ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ืึทื”ื™ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ, ืขื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืžืŸื™ื–ืื•ืก, 
ืก'ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฐืึธืก} ืึธื ืฆื•ืงื•ืงืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜, ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืึทืœืข, ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืขื˜ ืขืก 
ืขืก ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืขืŸ ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ, ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ {ืก}ืึทืžืข ืžืึทืจืง ืฆืขืŸ |ืชึผืœื™ื•ื–ืชืŸ } 


ื“ื™ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉืŸ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืคืจืฒื•ื•ื™ืœื™ืง ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฆืฑืžื˜ืŸ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืŸืขื–ื˜ืœ, 
ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฐื•ื™ื ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืฐืึทืœื“ ืื™ืŸ ืžืึทืจืง ื’ื•ืขื–ื˜ืŸืจื™ื–ื‘ืŸ 

ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืึธืœืŸ ื–ืขืŸ ืขืก... ืฉืึทื˜! ืžืขืŸ ืคื™ืจื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ, ืžืขืŸ ืœืขื–ื˜ ืึทืจืึธืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ {ืฆืขื˜ืœืŸ 
ืฆืขืŸ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข, ืฆืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื“ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื™ืœื˜ืข, ืฆืขืŸ ื’ืขืฆื™ื™ื›ื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืงืœื™ื‘ืŸืŸ.ืŸ 


ืฉืœืžื” ื–ืฉืขืœื™ื›ืึธืฐืกืงื™!... ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืึท ืงืœื•ื ื’ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ, ืึท ื”ื™ืœืš ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœื•ืคื˜ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ, ื“ืขืจ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™'ืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืึธื ื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืข, 

ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื”ื•ื™ืš ื“ืขื ืงืึธืคึผ ืึท ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ, ืฐื™ ืขืžืขืฅ ืจื•ืคื˜ืฅ-- 
ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืขืจ, ืงื•ืงื˜! ืื™ืจ ืฐืขื˜ ืื™ื ืื•ื™ืฃ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจื‘ืฒื™ื˜ืŸ! 


ืฉืœืžื” ื–ืฉืขืœื™ื›ืึธื•ื•ืกืงื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื“ื•ื ืกืงืึท-ืฐืึธืœื™ืข... ืงืœื™ื ื’ื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืฉืขื ืขืจ 
ืึทื’ืึทืžืขืžื ืึธืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ืงืขื ืข? ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืคืขืœืขืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืึทื›ืึทื™ืึท? | 
ืึธ ื”ืขืœื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ื“ื• ื™ื™ึดื“, ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึทืจืงืขืจ ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืžื™ืงืขื ืขืจ, 
ืขืก ืงื•ืงื˜ ืึทืจืึธืคึผ, ืขืก ืฉืคึผื™ื’ืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืคึผื ื™ื ื–ื™ืš, ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืŸ, ื”ื•ื™ื”! 


ืฉืœืžื” ื–ืฉืขืœื™ื›ืึธื•ื•ืกืงื™-- ืึทื–ืึท ืึท ื ืึธืžืขืŸ? ืฆื™ ืึทืŸืŸึฐ| ืึธื ื”ืฒื‘ ืื™ื– ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื–ืžืจ? 

ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืึทืจื”ื™ืœื›ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืžืึทืจืง, ืฆืขืงืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืื•ื™ืขืจ-- 

ืึธื˜ ืื™ื– ืขืจ, ืึธื˜! ืึธื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืขืฉืึทืคืึธื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืฃ ืึท ื‘ืึทืœืขืžืขืจ, 

ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืœืฒึทื›ื˜ ื“ื™ ื–ื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื”ืขืœืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืœื™ืง, ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ืžืœ, ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ืžืœ ื‘ืœื•ื™ืขืจ... 


ืฉืœืžื” ื–ืฉืขืœื™ื›ืึธื•ื•ืกืงื™! ืึทื–ืึท ืึท ื ืึธืžืขืŸ, ืึท ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื™ื™ึดื“, ืึท ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ-- 
ื“ืขืจ ื’ืึทื ืฆืขืจ ืžืึทืจืง ื”ืึธื˜ ืฐื•ึผื ื“ืขืจืœืขืš ื“ืึธืก ืžืึธืœ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื ืคืึทืจืงืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ-- 


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ืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืฐื•ืฒึทืŸ ืึท ื›ึผื•ืก ืึทืฐืขืง ืื™ื ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื”ืึทื ื˜ืคืœืึทืš ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฉื˜ืจืขืงื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ืžืึทื›ื˜ ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ, 
ืฐื•ืขืจ ื–ื™ื ื’ื˜? ื•ื•ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืžืึทืจืง ื“ืึธ ื’ืฐืึทืœื“ื™ืง ื–ื™ืš ืึทื–ืฑ ืฆืขื–ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ? 


ืขืจ ืึทืœื™ื™ืŸ, ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืก ืคืึทืจืŸ ื˜ื•ื˜ ืฆืขื–ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืชืคึผืขืœื•ืช ื–ื™ืš ื‘ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช, 

ืื•ืŸ ื•ื• ื ื™ื˜ ืขืจ ืึทืœืฒื™ืŸ, ืขืก ื–ื™ื ื’ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื ื“ืึธืก ื’ืึทื ืฆืข ืคืึธืœืง ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ-- 
ื ืึธืœืง 

ืขืจ ื–ื™ื ื’ื˜-- ืื•ืŸ ืก'ื–ื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืงืขืœ ืึทืจืฑืก ืื™ื ืึทืœืข, ืึทืœืข ื™ื™ื“ืŸ, 

ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขืคืœืึทืžื˜ ืึทื–ืฑ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ืึทื–ืฑ ื ืชืคึผืขืœ. 


ืขืจ ื›ืึทืคึผื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ื ื™ื™ืŸ! ื“ืขืจ ืขื•ืœื ื–ื™ื ื’ื˜ ื ื™ื˜... ืขืก ื”ื–ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื ื’ืขื“ืึทื›ื˜ ื ืึธืจ 
ืึทื– ื“ื™ ื’ืึทื ืฆืข ืขื“ื” ืึทืจื•ื ืื™ื ื“ืึธ ื–ื™ื ื’ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ, 

ืึทืคื™ืœื• ื ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ื‘ืฒึท ื“ื™ ืชึผืœื™ื•ืช! ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื ื“ื˜ ืึทืŸ ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขื‘ืจืึทื›ื˜ืขืจ 

ื•ื–ื™ืšึฐ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ {ืจืขื“ื˜ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™,} ืึทื–ื•ืฑื™ ืฆื• ื–ืึธื’ืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืค}ืœืึทืžืขืŸืขืŸืŸ: 


"ืคืึทืจ ืฐืึธืก? ืคืึทืจ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื•ืื–ื™ืจ ื“ื™ ืงืขืคึผ !ืึทืจืึธืคึผื’ืขืœืึธื–ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืข |?} 
ืฐืึธืก ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจืข ืึทื–ืฑ, ื’ืขืœื™ื™ืžื˜ืข ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ืคึผืœืึทืฅ - ื“ืึธ? 
ืฉื˜ืึทืจืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืฉื˜ืึทืจืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืœื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš, ืื™ืจ ื–ืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทืจืงื˜ ื™ืขืฆื˜ ืฐืขืจืŸ! 
ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื ืึธืš ื—ืœื™ืœื”, ืึทืจืฒึทื ืคืึทืœืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ืืฒึทืš ืื™ืŸ ืขืฆื‘ื•ืช! 


"ืก'ืื™ื– ืขืจื‘-ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช, ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ! ืžืึธืจื’ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืื•ื™ืฃ ืก'ื ืฒึท ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ, 
ื“ื™ ืึทืœื˜ืข ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ืื™ืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ื“, ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืœื™ืงืข, ื“ื™ ืชึผื•ืจื”, 

ืžื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืš! ืžื™ืจ ืžืขืจืขืจ ื ืึธืš ื•ื™ ืึทืœืข, ื”ื’ื ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื 'ืก ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจืœืขื‘ืŸ-- 
ืžื™ืจ {ื˜ืึธืจืŸ) ื ื™ื˜, ืžื™ืจ ื˜ืึธืจืŸ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืึทืจืžืจื”-ืฉื—ื•ืจื”ื˜. 


"ื ืึธืžื™ืจ ืคืจื™ื™ืœืขืš ื–ืฒึทืŸ! ืึทื–ืฑ ืฆื• ืฉื˜ืึทืจื‘ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ, ืื™ื– ืึท ื–ื›ื™ื”! 

ื•ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืื•ื ื“ื–! ืžื™ืจ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืคืึทืจืŸ ื›ึผืœืœ ืื•ื, ืื•ื™ืฃ ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ-ื”ืฉื ืžื™ืจ! 
ืก'ืื™ื– ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ื–ื›ื•ืช ืฆื• ื”ืขื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืชึผืœื™ื”. 
ื ืึธืžื™ืจ ื–ื™ื ื’ืขืŸ, ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ, ื ืึธืžื™ืจ ื–ื™ืš ืฆืขื–ื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื–ืžืจ" 


ื ืึธืš ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืœื™ืงืข ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขืขื˜ืŸืขืŸืžื˜ ืคืจืฒึทืขืจ, 
ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ืงืึธืคึผ ื“ืขื ื”ืขืจืœืขื›ืŸ ืฆื• ื”ื™ืžืœืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ืข, 
ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืžืึทืจืง ืื™ืŸ ื–ื“ื•ื ืกืงืึท-ืฐืึธืœื™ืขืจ ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื: 
"ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ืื™ื™ื‘ื™ืงืข ื“ื•... ืื–ื›ึผืจื” ืืœื”ื™ื ื•ึฐืึถื”ึฒืžึธื™ึธื” - 
ืื–ื›ึผืจื” ืืœื”ื™ื -- ืึทื– ืื™ืš ื“ืขืจืžืึธืŸ ื–ื™ืš, ื’ืึธื˜-- 


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ื•ื•ื™ื™ ืžื™ืจ! 

ื•ึฐืึถื”ึฒืžึฐื™ึธื” - ื‘ืจื•ื ืื™ืš, ื•ื•ื™ื™ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื’ืŸ... 

ื‘ึฐืจึฐืื•ึนืชื™-- ื‘ืขืช ืื™ืš ื–ืข, ื›ึธึผืœ ืขึดื™ืจ -- 

ื™ืขื˜ื•ื•ืขื“ืข ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ 

ืขึทืœ ืชึตึผื™ืœึธื” ื‘ึฐื ื•ื™ึธื” -- ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ื˜ ื”ื•ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ืจ ื”ื™ื’ืœ... 
ื•ึฐืฆึดื™ืจ ืึถืœึนื”ึดื™ื-- 

ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ 

ื“ื™ ื’ืขื”ืฒื™ืœื™ืงื˜ืข ืคืึทืจ ืื™ื -- 

ืžื•ืฉึฐืืคึธึผืœึถืช -- ื“ืขืจื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืงื˜, ืึธืš, ืึธืš 

ืื•ืŸ ื•ื™ ื’ืขืฉืจืŸื™ึดื–ืขืŸ 

ืขึทื“ ืฉึฐืื•ึนืœ ืชึทึผื—ึฐืชึผื™ึตื” -- ื‘ื™ื– ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืฉืื•ืœ-ืชึผื—ืชึผื™ื”... 
ื•ึผื‘ึฐื›ึธืœ ื–ึนืืช -- ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืš ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืš -- 

ืึธื ื•ึผ ืœื™ื” -- 

ื™ืึธื• ื™ืึท! 

ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืฆื• ื’ืึธื˜, 

ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ืึธ! 

ึฐืขึตื™ื’ึดื™ื ื•ึผ ืœึฐื™ึถื” - 

ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื“ืึธ, 

ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ืฆื• ืื™ื ื’ืขืฐืึธื ื“ืŸ...." 


ืึทื–ืฑ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืŸ ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืขื ืขื ืึท ืงืึธืคึผ ืขืจ, ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื”ืึทืœื“ื– ืขืจ 
ืึทืŸ ืืฑืกื’ืขืฉื˜ืจืขืงื˜ืŸ ืฐืฒึทื˜... ืื•ืŸ ืก'ื’ืขื–ืึทื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื”ืึธื˜ ืึทืจืฒึทื ื’ืขื“ืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ 
ืื™ืŸ ื”ืขืจืฆืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืจืึธื›ืขื ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื“ื•ื ืกืงืึท-ืฐืึธืœื™ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ื•ื™ ืึท ื‘ืึทืœื–ืึทื 

ืื•ืŸ ื•ื™ ืึท ื˜ืจื™ื™ืกื˜ ืึทืจืฒึทื ื’ืขื’ืึธืกืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™... ืึทื–ืฑ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ! 


ืื•ืŸ ืก'ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ, ืึทืœื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื™ื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ืžืึทืจืง, ืื™ืŸ ื–ื“ื•ื ืกืงืึท-ืฐืึธืœื™ืข 

ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทืจืงื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืก ื‘ืึทื’ืึธืกืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ื˜ืจืขืจืŸ, 

ืื•ืŸ ื’ืึธื˜ ืึทืœืฒืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ืขืจ ื–ื•ืŸ ืึท ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœ ืื•ืžืขื˜ื™ืง ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ - ืก'ืื™ื– ืื™ื ื’ืขืคืขืœืŸ 
ืื™ ืฉืœืžื” ื–ืฉืขืœื™ื›ืึธื•ื•ืกืงื™, ืื™ ื“ืึธืก ื’ืขื–ืึทื ื’ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืก ื’ืขืจืŸ. 


ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ืœื™ื‘, ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืœืžื” ื–ืฉืขืœื™ื›ืึธื•ื•ืกืงื™, ื“ืขื ื‘ืœืึทืกืŸ ื“ืขื, ื“ืขื ืฉืœืึทืคืŸ-- 
"ืึธ ืฐืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื ืื™ื– ืžืขื›ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืžืขืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืžืฒื™ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ืขืจื“ ื“ืึธ? 


15 


ืื™ื, ืื™ื ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ื“ืขื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ื‘ืึทืฉืึทืคืŸ, 
ืึธ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื—ืœื•ืžื˜ืขืจ ื“ื• ืžืฒึทืŸ, ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื‘ืขื ืงื˜ืขืจ ืžืฒึทื ืขืจ, ืžืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืึทืฉืขืจื˜ืขืจ ื•ื™ื– 


ื–ื™ื ื’, ื–ื™ื ื’, ืคืึทืจื’ื™ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึทืงืก, ืฐืึทืงืก ืื™ืŸ ื”ืชืœื”ื‘ื•ืชื•ืŸ"ืŸ 

ืขืจ ืฐืึทืงืกื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืก'ื•ื•ืึทืงืกื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื ื“ื™ ืขื“ื” ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืึทืจื•ื ืื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืžืึทืจืง ื“ืึธืจื˜-- 
ืฉืœืžื” ื–ืฉืขืœื™ื›ืึธื•ื•ืกืงื™-- ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฆืŸ ืฐื™ ืก'ื’ืขื–ืึทื ื’ ื–ืฒึทื ืก ืื™ื– ื›ึผืœื• ืจืฆื•ืฃ ืื”ื‘ื”, 
ืึทืŸ ืขื“ื” ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ืคืึทืจ ืื™ื ื’ืขื˜ืจื™ื™ืกื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทืจืงื˜ืข. 


ืขืจ ืฐืึทืงืกื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืก'ื•ื•ืึทืงืกืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทืจืงื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืจื™ื™ืกื˜ืข 
ื•ื™ ืฐืึธืœื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ ื™ืขืฆื˜ ืฐืขืœืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ืกื“ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื™ืœื˜ืข ืฆืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื˜ื•ื™ืฉืŸ -- 

ืึทืš ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžืขืŸ ืœืึธื–ื˜ ื–ื™ื™... ื–ื™ื™ ืฐืึธืœื˜ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืชึผืœื™ื•ืช ืฆื•ื’ืขืคืึทืœืŸ ื“ืจื™ื™ืกื˜ืข: 

"ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ืœืŸ ืื•ื™ืš! ืžื™ืจ ืึทืœืข ื“ืŸืึธ} ืื™ืŸ (ื–ื“ื•ื ืกืงืขืŸ-ืฐืึธืœืŸื™ืข} ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืึทืœืข {ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื"ืŸ 


ื•ื“ืขืจื•ืฐื•ืฒึทืœืข} ืงื•ืžื˜ ืฆื• ืื™ื, ืฆื• ืฉืœืžื”ืŸ ืฆื•, ืึท ื‘ืขืกื˜ื™ืข ื‘ืœืึธื ื“ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืœื“ ืึท ื—ื™ื”, 
ื“ืขืจ ืงืึทืจืง ืื™ื– ืจื•ื˜ ืื™ื, ื“ืึธืก ืคึผื ื™ื ืึธื ื’ืขื’ืึธืกืŸ, ื˜ืขืžืคึผ-- ืึท ืžืึทืกืงืข, 

ืื•ืŸ ื’ื™ื˜ ืึท ืคืจืึทืกืง ื“ืขื ื’ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืŸ ื“ืขื ืžืึทืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื–ื™ื ื’ื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื 
ืื•ืŸ ืฉืœืžื” ื–ื™ื ื’ื˜, ืขืจ ื–ื™ื ื’ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืึทื– ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื’ืขืคืจืึทืกืงืขื˜. 


ืขืจ ืงื•ืงื˜ ืึทืจืฑืฃ. ืขืจ ื–ืขื˜ ืื™ื ื ื™ื˜, ืขืจ ื–ืขื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืงืœื™ื™ื ื˜ืฉื™ืง ื“ืขื ืคืึทืจื‘ืจืขื›ืขืจืŸ,} 

ืฐืึธืก ืฉืคึผืจื™ื ื’ื˜, ืึท ืฆืึทืคึผืœ-ืฉืจืฅ ืฆื• ืื™ื ืฆื• ืื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืก ืžืึธืœ ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ 

ืขืจ ืคึผืึทื˜ืฉื˜ ืื™ื, ืคึผืึทื˜ืฉื˜, ื“ื™ ืคึผืขื˜ืฉ-- ื–ื™ ื”ื™ืœื›ืŸ ืึธืคึผ, ื ืึธืจ ื“ืึธืก ื’ืขื–ืึทื ื’ ืฉื˜ืฒึทื’ื˜ {ื”ืขื›ืขืจืŸ 
ื“ืึธืก ื’ืขื–ืึทื ื’ -- ืึทืš ืื•ืžืขื˜ื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื‘ืขื ืงืฉืึทืคื˜ืŸ ืึทื–ืฑ, ืื•ืŸ ืขืก ื“ืขืจืžืŸื•ื ื˜ืขืจื˜.ืŸ 


ืขืจ ื–ื™ื ื’ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืก'ื–ื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ืึทืœืข ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ึดื ืžื™ื˜, ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื‘ืข 

ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื”ืฒื™ืœื™ืงืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ืฐืึธืก ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื›ื–ืจื™ื•ืช ืคืึทืจื•ื•ื™ืกื˜ ื–ื™-- 
ืขืก ืงืœืึทืคึผืŸ ื–ื™ื ื’ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฆืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ืก'ื’ื™ื™ืขืŸ ื–ื™ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ, 

ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื–ื™ ืึทืŸ ืึธืคึผื˜ืจื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืึท ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื–ืขื ืขืจ ื‘ื•ื ื“ื™ืกื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜-- 


ืืฉืžื ื•... ื™ืึธ, ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคืึทืจื–ื™ื ื“ื™ืงื˜, ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืึธืคึผื˜ืจื™ื ื™ืง ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื–ืŸ, 

ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ื•ื˜ืฐื™ืœื™ืง ื–ื™ืš ืึธืคึผื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜, ืื™ืŸ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืกืš, ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื—ืœืง 
ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”... ืžื™ืจ, ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ, ื˜ื™ืฃ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–, ืคืึทืจืœื™ื™ืงื ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื–ืŸ-- 
ืึธ, ืื–ื›ึผืจื”... ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“! ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ืึทืœืขืžืขืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืคืึทืจืŸ ื˜ื•ื˜ ื’ืขื”ื™ื™ืœื™ืงื˜. 


046 


ื“ืขืจืฐืฒึทืœืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืชึผืœื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืฉื˜ืจื™ืง ื’ืขื”ื™ื™ืกืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจืœืึทื ื’ืขืŸ, 

ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืจื™ืง ืคืึทืจืฐืึธืจืคืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื ื–ื™ื™ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื”ืขืœื“ื–ืขืจ-- 

ืฆืขืŸ ื”ืขืœื“ื–ืขืจ ืฐืึทืจืขืžืข, ืฆืขืŸ ืึธืคึผืขื ืข ืคึผืึธืจ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ, ื”ืขืจืฆืขืจ ืฆืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืขื ืงืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทื ื’ื ืขืŸืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื‘ืฒื™ ืฆืขืŸ ื–ืฒึทืœืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื”ืึทืžืขืจื˜ ืฉื˜ืึทืจืง, ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืขืจื ืข ืฆืขืŸ ืคืขืœื“ื–ืŸ. 


ื–ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืขืŸ ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜, ื‘ืึทืฉืœืึธืกืŸ ืคืขืกื˜ ื•ื™ ืึธื“ืœืขืจ ืคืึทืจืŸ ืคืœื™, ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืึธืคึผืฆื•ืคืœื™ึดืขืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื ื“ืŸ ื˜ืจืฒึท, ืื™ืŸ ืœืฑื™ื‘ืฉืึทืคึผื˜ ืฆื• ืฉืœืžื” ื–ืฉืขืœื™ื›ืึธื•ื•ืกืงื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™'ืจืข ื‘ืœื™ืงืŸ -- 
ืื•ืŸ ืฉืœืžื” ื–ืฉืขืœื™ื›ืึธื•ื•ืกืงื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื”ืึธืคืขืจื“ื™ืง ืฆื• ืึทืœืข ื–ื™ื™ ื”ื•ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฉืจื™ึดืขืŸ: 
"ืก'ืื™ื– ืขืจื‘ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื”ืฒึทื ื˜, ืงื•ืžื˜, ืœืึธื–ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื–ื™ืš, ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืจื™ืงื•ื“! 


ืึธื˜ ืฐืขืœืŸ ืคืึทืจืŸ ื˜ื•ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื™ืขืฆื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื›ึผืฉืจืŸ ืึท ื˜ืึทื ืฅ ื“ืึธ! 
ืขืก ืื™ื– ืื•ื ื“ื– ืฐื•ื•ื™ืœ ืื•ืŸ ื’ื•ื˜ ืื™ื– ืื•ื ื“ื–, ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธ, ืื™ืŸ ืžืึทืŸืจืง,ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ 
ืžืงืจื™ื‘ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคืึทืจืŸ ื›ึผืœืœ-ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ, ื›ึผืœื™ืœ-ื›ึผืœื™ืœ, ื’ืึทืŸื ืฅ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฆืŸ,} 

ื“ืขืจ ื—ื•ืžืจ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ืœ'ืก ื•ื™ ื“ืขืจ ื ืคืฉ -- ืœืึธืžื™ืจ ื˜ืึทื ืฆืŸ, ื™ื™ึดืŸื“ืŸ!"ื– 


ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฉื˜ืจืขืงื˜ ื“ื™ ื”ืึทื ื˜, ืึท ื‘ื•ื™ื’ ื“ืขื ืงืึธืคึผ, ืึท ื”ื•ื™ื‘ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ |ืึท ืคึผืœืฒื™ืฆืขืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื ืฒึทืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืœืฒึทืš ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื ืคืึทืจื’ืœื™ื™ื–ื˜ (ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ- } 

ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ื ื•ื˜ ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื’ืขืœืึธืคืŸ ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉ ืึท ื•ื•ื™ืœื“ ืฆืขืจื™ื™ืฆ|ื˜ืขืจ,ืŸ 

ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืจื™ืง ื–ื™ื™ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื”ืขืœื“ื–ืขืจ ื–ืฒื™ืขืจืข, ืคืึทืจืฆื•ื™ื’ืŸ. 


ื–ื™ื ื’ื˜, ืขืจื“ ืื•ืŸ ื”ื™ืžืœ ื–ื™ื ื’ื˜! ื–ื™ื ื’ ื’ืึธื˜, ื–ื™ื ื’ ื™ื•ื“-"ืงื” -- ืฐืึธื•ื•-"ืงื” 
ื–ื™ื ื’ื˜ ืึทืœืข ืื•ื ื˜ืŸ ื“ืึธ, ื–ื™ื ื’ื˜ ืึทืœืข ื“ืึธืจื˜, ื–ื™ื ื’ื˜ ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ-- 

ื–ื™ื ื’ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ืŸ ืึทืœืข, ื–ื™ื ื’ื˜ ื“ืขื ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืฉืœืžื” ื–ืฉืขืœื™ื›ืึธื•ื•ืกืงื™, 

ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืจ'ืขืจื“, ื“ืขื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ื“ืขืจื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ! 


ื˜ืึธ ื–ื™ื ื’ื˜ ื–ืฉืข ืื™ื, ื–ื™ื ื’ื˜ ืื™ื ืึท ืœืฑื‘ื’ืขื–ืึทื ื’, ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ 
ืึท ืœืฑื‘ืœื™ื“, ื–ื™ื ื’ื˜ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ื–ื•ืŸ ืื™ื! 
ืฆื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืจ ืึทื–ืขืœื›ืŸ ืึท ืžืึทืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ? 

ืฆื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืจ ืึทื–ืขืœื›ืŸ ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ? 


647 


ื•ื–ื™ื ื’ื˜ ื–ืฉืข ืึท ืœื•ื™ื‘ื’ืขื–ืึทื ื’ ืœืขื ื“ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื™ืžืขืŸ, 
ื–ื™ื ื’ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืœื“ืขืจ, ื–ื™ื ื’ื˜ ื”ื™ื’ืœืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืึธืœืŸ! 

ื–ื™ื ื’ื˜ ื–ืฉืขืœื™ื›ืึธื•ื•ืกืงื™ืŸ, ื“ืขื ื™ื™ึธื“, ื–ื™ื ื’ื˜ ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ 
ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ื ื’ื˜: ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืื•ื ื“ื– ื’ืขืคืึธืœืŸ! 


ื–ื™ื ื’ื˜ ื–ื•ื ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœืข ืขืง ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ืŸ, 

ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื ื’ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคืจื™ื“ืŸ, 

ื–ื™ื ื’ื˜ ืื™ื, ื‘ืึทื–ื™ื ื’ื˜ ืื™ื, ื“ืขื ื”ืขืœื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืขืœื“ืŸ, 
ื–ื™ื ื’ื˜ ืื™ื, ื“ืขื ื™ื™ึทื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ! 


ื–ื™ื ื’ื˜, ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜, ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ื ืขื ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืจ'ืขืจื“ ื“ืึธ 
ื“ืขืจื”ืจื’ืขื˜, ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ื ืขื ื’ืขืฉืึธืกืŸ, 

ื–ื™ื ื’ื˜, ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื–ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืžืขืจื“ืขืจ 

ื”ืึธื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจื’ืึธืกืŸ. 


ื ื™ื˜ ื—ืจื•ื‘ ื’ืขืžืึทื›ื˜, ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืึธืจืฃ ื ื™ื˜ 
ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืžืึทืฉื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืคืœื•ื™ื’ืŸ 

ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ ื ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ืึธืžื‘ืขืก ื‘ืึทืฐืึธืจืคืŸ 
ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืฐื•ืขืจื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืฉื™ื™ื“ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฆื•ื™ื’ืŸืŸ.ืŸ 


ื–ื™ื ื’ื˜ ืื™ื, {ื“ืขื ื”ืขืœื–ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืึธืจืขืž(ืขื–ืŸ ืฉื˜ืŸืขื–ื˜ืŸืœืŸ, 
ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขืก1ืขื–ืœืŸืขื–ืš ื•ืขืŸื ื’ืข ืื•ืŸ ืฉืžืึธืœืข 

ื•ื–ื™ื–ื ื’ื˜ ืื™ื ื‘ืึทื–ื™ื ื’ื˜ ืื™ื, ืึธื˜ ืื™ื– ืขืจ ื–ืขื˜, ื–ืขื˜ ืื™ื, 
ื ื“ืขื ื”ื™ื™ืœื™ืงืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื“ื•ื ืกืงืึท-ืฐืึธืœื™ืข.ืŸ 


648 











ื“ืขืจ ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“ ืคื•ืŸ "ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืฉืœืžื” ื–ืฉืขืœื™ื›ืึธื•ืกืงื™ื™ 


ืึทืจื™ื™ื ืคื™ืจ 34 


ืึท ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ืคืจืึทื’ืžืขื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืคืึทืจืœืึธืจืŸ ื’ืขื’ืึทื ื’ืขื ืขืจ ื’ืจืขืกืขืจืขืจ ืคึผืึธืขื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืฉืึทืคื•ื ื’, ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืข 
ืฐืึธื›ืŸ ืคืึทืจืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ. ื“ืขืจ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืึธืจื™ื’ื™ื ืขืœืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคืึทืจื”ื™ื˜, ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื“ืึธ ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ 
ืฆื•ื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืžืึธืœ. ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืื™ื– ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืข ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคืึทืจืึทืŸ. ื“ื™ ื”ืฉืขืจื” ืื™ื– ืึทื– ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ 
ืคืจื™ืœื™ื ื’ 1942 (ื–ืข: ื›ืชื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื, ืชืฉื›"ื˜,ื–' 370). ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื‘ืึทืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืึท ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท 
ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉืŸ ืคืœื™ึดืขืจ, ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืึทืก, ื‘ืฒึท ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ื™.ืง. ืึทืœื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึทืŸ ืขื“ื•ืช; ืžื™ื˜ ืึท 
ื™ืึธืจ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ ืœืขืจืš, ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื˜ ื™.ืง. ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคื ืงืก ื•ื™ื˜ืœ: "...ืึท ืคึผืœื™ึดืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื”ืจื’ืขื˜ ืึท ื™ื™ึธื“ ืื™ืŸ 
ื’ืึทืก. ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืคืœื™ึดืขืจ ื’ืขื ื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ื™ื ืขื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืฆื•ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ 2 ืื•ืŸ ืึทืฐืขืงืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ+ ืึท ืคื•ืก ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื˜ืฑื™ื˜ื ืก 
ื‘ื•ื™ืš, ืจื•ื™ื›ืขืจืŸ ืึท ืกื™ื’ืึทืจืขื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœืขืŸ, ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœืขืŸ ืึธืŸ ืื•ื™ืคื”ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื– ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืื™ื ืคืึธื˜ืึธื’ืจืึทืคื™ืจืŸ... ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืื™ื ืคืึธื˜ืึธื’ืจืึทืคื™ืจื˜, ืืคืฉืจ ื›ึผื“ื™ ืื™ื ืึทืจืฒึทื ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืจื•ืฆื— ืฉื˜ืจืฒึทื›ืขืจืก ื‘ืœืขื˜ืœืขืš, ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืื™ื ืคึผืึทื˜ืึธื’ืจืึทืคื™ืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจื˜ืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขื ื’ืขื”ืจื’ืขื˜ืŸ, ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืฉืคึผื™ืฆืจื•ื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื”ืึทื ื˜, ืฐืฒึทืœ ื“ืขืจ 
ื™ื™ึดื“ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฆื•ื’ืขืืฒื™ืœื˜ ืึทืฐืขืงืฆื•ื’ืฒื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ืฆื• ืœืึทื›ืŸ. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ? ืขื ื“ืœืขืš 6 
ืคืึทืจื˜ืจื™ื‘ืŸ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ืึธืก ื’ืขืœืขื›ื˜ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคึผื ื™ื ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึธืคึผื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ... ืึท ืžืฉื•ื’ืขื ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขื ืขืจื•ื•ื™ืจื˜ืขืจ ื’ืขืœืขื›ื˜ืขืจ" (ื“ืึธืจื˜, ื–ื–' 162- 163). ืœืฑื™ื˜ืŸ ื”ืงืฉืจ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ืข ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ 
ื’ืขื‘ืจืึทื›ื˜ ืื™ื– ืงืœืึธืจ ืึทื– ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ื‘ืึทืฆื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ืึท ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ, ื•ื™ ื™.ืง. ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜ -- ืžื™ื˜ 20 
ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืคืจื™ึดืขืจ: "ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืข ืฐืึธื›ืŸ ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขื ื•ื™ ืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืคืึทืจืฉื™ืงื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืŸ ... ืฆื•ื ื˜ื•ื™ื˜, 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืึธื ื’ืขื”ืฑื‘ืŸ ื“ืขืจื”ืจื’ืขื ืขืŸ ื˜ืึธื’-ื˜ืขื’ืœืขืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืึทืกืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜"; ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืึทื–ืฑ ืึทืจื•ื ืงืœืึธืจ ืึทื– 
ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ื‘ืึทืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื˜ ืึท ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธืคืŸ ืกื•ืฃ ื™ื•ื ื™ ืฆื™ ืึธื ื”ืฒื™ื‘ ื™ื•ืœื™ 1942, ืžืŸ-ื”ืกืชึผื ืื•ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืฃ 
ื“ืขืจ ืงืึทืจืžืขืœื™ืฆืงืข-ื’ืึทืก (ื–ืข ื“ืึธืจื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจื’ืœืฒึทืš ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืœื™ื“ "ืงืึทืจืžืขืœื™ืฆืงืึท", ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึทืจืฒึทื ืคื™ืจ ื“ืึธืจื˜, 
ื ื•ืž' 6 - 

ืžืข ื“ืึทืจืฃ ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจ ืึธื ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืึทื– ื“ืขืจ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืคื•ื ืขื ืขืจ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืคืึทืจืŸ 20 ื™ื•ืœื™ 1942 -- 
ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื˜ืขื ืขื ื‘ื•ื™ื ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืึทื’ืจืึธื‘ืŸ ื™-ืง'ืก ืฐืขืจืง, ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ "ื“ืจื•ืจ"-ืึทืจื›ื™ื•ื•, ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื–ื™ืขืœื ืึท 
4 (ื–ืข: ื˜ืขื ืขื ื‘ื•ื™ื - ื‘ืงืจ, ื–' 112 ื‘')- ืฐืฒึทืœ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืื™ื– ืึธืคึผื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื˜ืึทืงืข ื“ืึธืจื˜ (ื–ืข: 
ื›ืชื‘ื™ื-ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื, ืชืฉื›"ื˜, ื–ื™ 370). ื“ืขืจ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืคื•ื ืขื ืขืจ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืจืขืกื˜ืŸ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ, ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ืขืจ 
ืึธืจื™ื’ื™ื ืขืœืขืจ ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“ (ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืคึผืึทืจืœืึธืจืŸ ื’ืขื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ ื›ึผืžืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฆืŸ), ืขืก ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืึท ืฉืจืฒื™ื‘ืžืึทืฉื™ืŸ- 
ืงืึธืคึผื™ืข ื’ืขืžืึทื›ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ. ื ืึธืจ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ืึธืจื™ื’ื™ื ืขืœืŸ ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“ ืื™ื– ืึธืคึผื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ. 
ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ืขืจ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืžืึทืฉื™ืŸ-ืงืึธืคึผื™ืข, ืึทื ื˜ื”ืึทืœื˜ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืงื™ื ื - ื— ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ืคื•ืŸ 
ืคึผืจืง ื™"ื. ื“ืึธืก ืึธืคึผื’ืขืคื•ื ืขื ืข ื–ืฒึทื˜ืœ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืึธืจื™ื’ื™ื ืขืœืŸ ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“ ืึทื ื˜ื”ืึทืœื˜ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืงื™ื ื˜ -- ื™ (ื–ืข ืคืึทืงืกื™ืžื™ืœื™ืข, ืื•ื™ืฃ 
ื–ื™ึทื˜ 657).. ืฐื™ ืขืก ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื”ืขืจื” ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ืขืจ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ึดืฉืขืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’, ื”ืึธื˜ ื™.ืง. 
ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืึธืก ืฐืขืจืง ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืœื™ื™ืขื ื˜ ืคึผืึทืจืŸ ืขื ื’ืŸ ืงืจื™ื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื—ื‘ืจื™ื, ืžืŸ-ื”ืกืชึผื ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื–ื™ืขืœื ืึท 34. ื•ื™ ืขืก ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ 
ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ื”ื™ืคึผืฉืข ืฆืึธืœ ืคึผืจืงื™ื, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื‘ื™ื– ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ (ื–ืข: 
ื›ืชื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื, ืชืฉื›"ื˜, ื–ื™ 370). 

ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื˜ืขื ืขื ื‘ื•ื™ื ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื›ึผืชื‘ื™ื, ื•ื™ ืื™ื™ื ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื™. ืง'ืก ื•ื•ืขืจืง ืฐืึธืก 
ืฉืคึผื™ื’ืœื˜ ืึธืคึผ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืคื™ืœืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ. ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ ืขืก ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืึท ื’ืขืขื ื“ืขืจื˜ืŸ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ "ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ ืฐืึธืก 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืœืึทื›ื˜". ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ืื™ื–, ืœื•ื˜ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื˜ืขื ืขื ื‘ื•ื™ืžืขืŸ, ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื•ื ื“ืจื•ืง, ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ "ื“ื™ 


50 


ืงืœืœื”" (ื–ืข ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ, ื ื•ืž' 32) ืื•ืŸ "ืฉืœืžื” ื–ืฉืขืœื™ื›ืึธื•ื•ืกืงื™" (ื–ืข ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ, ื ื•ืž' 33) -- ื•ื™ ืึท ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืื•ืกื’ืึทื‘ืข 
ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก "ืฆืึธืจืŸ ืœื™ื“ืขืจ". ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืึทื›ืข ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ืขืจืฉื™ื ืขืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขื ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ ืฐืึธืก 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธื ื’ืขืจื•ืงื˜ (ื–ืข ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœื’ืขืžืฒื ืขื ืึทืจืฒึทื ืคื™ืจ, ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื‘ืฒึท: ื˜ื ื ื‘ื•ื™ื, ื–ื™ 84, 120). ื“ื™ ื”ืฉืขืจื” 
ืื™ื– ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืงื™ื ืฐืึธืก ืคืขืœืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึธืจื™ื’ื™ื ืขืœืŸ ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“, ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจื‘ืึธืจื’ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจื’ืจืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“ 
ืคื•ืŸ ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ-ื”ื›ืฉืจื” ืคื•ืŸ "ื”ื—ืœื•ืฅ", ืื™ืŸ ื’ืจืึธื›ืึธื•ื•, ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจืœืึธืจืŸ ื’ืขื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ (ื–ืข: ื›ืชื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื, 
ืชืฉื›"ื˜, ื–' 363; 370. ื–ืข ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืึธืก ืฐืึธืก ื™ืฆื—ืง ืฆื•ืงืขืจืžืึทืŸ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜, ืื™ืŸ: ื‘ืฉื“ืžื•ืช ื’ืจื•ื›ื•ื‘, ื–ืŸ' 
6 - 357). 

ื“ื™ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืžืึทืฉื™ืŸ-ืงืึธืคึผื™ืข ื’ืขืคื™ื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื™.ืง. -ืึทืจื›ื™ื•ื• ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ืœื•ื—ืžื™ ื”ื’ื™ื˜ืื•ืช, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ืจืขื’ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ืจื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ 
ื ื•ืž' 11/'81027ื. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืขื ืข ื–ืฒึทื˜ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“, ื’ืขืคื™ื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืึธืจื˜, ืจืขื’ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ืจื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื ื•ืž' 
7.,. 

ืœื•ื˜ ื“ื™ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืขื ืข ื–ืขืงืก ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืง ื™"ื, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉืจืฒื™ื‘ืžืึทืฉื™ืŸ-ืงืึธืคึผื™ืข, ืฐืฒึทื–ื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ืึทื– ื“ืขืจ 
ืคื•ืœืขืจ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคึผืœืึทื ื™ืจื˜ ืึทืจื•ืžืฆื•ื ืขืžืขืŸ ื‘ืึทืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉืฒื™ื“ืขื ืข ืขืจึฐื˜ืขึถืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื’ืขื ืขืจืึทืœ-ื’ื•ื‘ืขืจื ื™ืข, ืฐื•ึผ ื˜ืขืจืึธืจ ืื•ืŸ ืžืึทืกื ืžืึธืจื“ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืคืึธืจื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ. ื ืึธืš ืฐืึทืจืฉืข, ื‘ืึทืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื˜ ื™.ืง. 
ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื ืขืจืึทืœ-ื’ื•ื‘ืขืจื ื™ืข ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืœื ืข, ื‘ืขืช ืขืจ ืคื™ืจื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื™ื™ึทื“, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืœืึทื›ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– 
ืžืฉื•ื’ืข ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ, ืคื•ืŸ ืึธืจื˜ ืฆื• ืึธืจื˜; ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืึท ื™ื™ื“ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ -- ืœื•ื™ืคื ื“ื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฐืึทื ื–ื™ืŸ, ื”ืึทืœื˜ ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ 
ืึทื ื˜ืœื•ืคืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื•ืžืžืขื’ืœืขืš ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืฉื™ืฆืŸ. 


ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืœืึทื›ื˜ 


ืึท ื“ืฒึทื™ื˜ืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึท ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ื“ืขืจื”ืจื’ืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึทืก, 
ืึท ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉ, ืึท ืจืฑื˜ืงืึทืจืงื™ืงืขืจ ืคืœื™ึดืขืจ, 
ืฐืึธืก ืืžืช ืื™ื– ืืžืช: ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ื“ ื ืขื‘ืขืš ื‘ืœืึทืก 
ืื™ื– ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื–ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืจื™ืขืจ... 


ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ื“ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื–ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืจื™ึดืขืจ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜, 

ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืงื•ื™ื-ืงื•ื™ื ื ืึธืš ื‘ืึทืฐืฑื’ืŸ, 
ื’ืขืฉืœืขืคึผื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึท ืกืงืขืœืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื”ืฑื™ื˜, 
ืึท ืฉื™ื™ื“ืœ ืžื™ื˜ ืึธืคืขื ืข ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ. 


ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืง ืื™ื ืึท ืฉื˜ื•ื™ืก ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื”ืึทืจื‘, 
ื“ืขืจ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ืขืจ -- ืขืจ ื’ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึท ืฐืึทืงืœ, 

ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืœื˜ ื•ื™ ืึท ืœืขื‘'ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ื‘ืขืช ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืึทืจื‘ื˜, 
ืฆื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ื’ื˜ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื ืึทืงืŸ. 


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ื“ืขืจ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉ ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจื‘ืฒึท ืื™ื ื’ืขื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ,,ื‘ื™ื™ื ื’ื™ื™ืŸ 
ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืคืŸ ืึท ื‘ืœื™ืง ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืงืจื‘ืŸ, 

ืขืจ ืงืขืจื˜ ืฆื• ืื™ื ืื•ื ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืœืฒึทื™ื‘ื˜ ื‘ืฒึท ืื™ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ: 
"ื“ืขืจ ืฉื•ืจืงืข ืื™ื– ืขื ื“ืœืขืš ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึธืจื‘ืŸ!" 


ื‘. 
ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื“ืขืจื”ืจื’ืขื˜? ื ื™ื˜ ืืžืช, ื ื™ื˜ ืขืจ! 
ืจ'ืื™ื– ื˜ื•ื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื–ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืจื™ึดืขืจ - 

ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืœื™ึดืขืจ ืงื•ืงื˜ ืื•ื ื–ื™ืš ืึทื”ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืึทื”ืขืจ - 
ืฐืึธืก ื–ื•ื›ื˜ ืขืจ? ืฐืึธืก ื•ื™ืœ ืขืจ, ื“ืขืจ ืคืœื™ืขืจ? 


ื“ื™ ื’ืึทืก ืึท ืคืึทืจื–ื™ื™ื˜ืข ืžื™ื˜ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ื’ืขื“ื™ื›ื˜, 

ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืฉื™ื˜ืขืจ, ืฆืขืจื™ื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืจื’ืข, 

- ืžืขืŸ ื›ืึทืคึผื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืžืขืŸ ื“ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ื ืื•ื™ืฃ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ื–ื™ืš, ื’ื™ืš-ื’ื™ืš -- 
"ืฐืึธืก ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ?" "ืึธ ืคืจืขื’ ื ื™ื˜, ืึธ ืคืจืขื’ ื ื™ื˜..." 


ืึท ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉ ืฐืึธืก ื’ืขื”ืจื’ืขื˜ ืึท ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึทืก, 
ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืึธืŸ ืฆื™ืœ ืขืจ... 

ืฐืึธืก ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืขืจ? ืฐืึธืก ืžื™ื™ื ื˜ ืขืจ? ืฆื™ ื‘ืœื•ื˜? ืฆื™ ืึท ืฉืคึผืึทืก 
ืฐืึธืก ืฐื•ื™ืœ ืขืจ? ืฐืึธืก ืฐื•ื™ืœ ืขืจ? ืฐืึธืก ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืขืจ? | 


ืฐืึธืก ื•ื•ื™ืœ ื–ื™, ื“ื™ ื—ื™ื”, ืื™ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ-ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทืœื˜? 
ืฐืึธืก ื ื™ืฉื˜ืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ ื•ื•ื™ืœื“ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื‘ืœื™ืงืŸ? 

ื–ื™ ื–ื•ื›ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืฆื™ืœ ืฐืึธืก, ื–ื•ื›ื˜ ืจื•ื™ึทืง ืื•ืŸ ืงืึทืœื˜, 
ืžื™ื˜ ืขืงืฉื ื•ืช, ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืจืขื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืึทื ื˜ืฉื•ื™ื’ืŸ... 


: 
ืขืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืึทืœืข ื‘ืึทืฐื™ื–ืŸ ืึทืฐืขืง, 

ืื•ืŸ ืจืึทื˜ืขืฐืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคื•ื ืขื ืคืฒึทื™ืขืจ - 

ื“ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืึทืจื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ื“ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคื•ืœ ืฉืจืขืง 

ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจื ืขื ื˜ืขืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ื™ื™ื˜, ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจื‘ืฒึท ืื™ื. 


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ื–ื™ื™ ื’ื™ื™ืขืŸ ืื™ื ื’ืœื™ืงืœืขืš ืึทื“ื•ืจืš ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืฒึทื™ื˜ืฉ 
ื‘ืึทื’ืœืฒื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ืœื™ืงืŸ ืฆืขืจื™ื™ืฆื˜ืข -- 

ืฆื™ (ืื™ื–| ืขืก ืึท ื‘ืœื™ืง ื ืึธืจ? ืฆื™ {ืื™ื–ืŸ ืขืก ืึท ื‘ืฒึทื˜ืฉ 
ืฐืึธืก ืคืึทืœื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื‘ืจื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืœืฒื™ืฆืข 


ื–ื™ ื’ื™ื™ืขืŸ ืื™ื ืจื•ื™ึดืง ืื•ืŸ ื’ืœื™ืงืœืขืš ืึทื“ื•ืจืš, 

ืึธืจืขืžืข, ืžืึธื’ืขืจืข, ื‘ืœืึทืกืข - 

ื“ืขืจ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉ - ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืขืจ ื’ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืจื™ืจ ื ื™ื˜, ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ืจืš 
ืื™ื– "ื‘ื™ื™ื–ืข", ื“ืขืจ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉ ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื›ึผืขืก ืฉื•ื™ืŸ. 


ื ืึธืจ ืึธื˜-ืึธื˜ ืฐืึทื›ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืขืจ, ื“ืขืจ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืžืึธืœ, 
"ืึท ื™ื™ื“" ืึทืš ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื“ืขืจื–ืขืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ, 

ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ืœื™ืงืŸ ืืฒึทื– ืงืึทืœื˜ืข, ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ืœื™ืงืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึธืœ 

ืขืกื˜ ืืฒึทืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจ ื“ืฒึทื™ื˜ืฉ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ. 


ื“. 
"ื”ืึทืœื˜, ื™ื•ื“ืข!" ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึท ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื™ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ: ื”ืึทืœื˜! 
ื“ื™ ื’ืึทืก-- ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืึทืจื•ื ืึทื–ืฑ ืฉื™ื˜ืขืจ, 

ื“ื™ ื’ืึทืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืึทืจืฆื™ื˜ืขืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืœื“ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึทืœื“, 

ืขืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืฒึทื–ืขืจ ืคึฟืึทืจืฆื™ื˜ืขืจื˜. 


ื“ื™ ื’ืึทืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืึทืจื”ื™ืœื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื“ื•ื ืขืจ: {"}ื‘ืœืฒึทื™ื‘ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ! 
ื“ืึธ ืฉื˜ืขืœ ื–ื™ืš ืึทืฐืขืง ื‘ืฒึท ื“ืขื ื˜ืฑื™ื˜ืŸ, 

ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืฉื˜ืึทืจืง ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืงืกื™ืง, ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ื“ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืฉื™ื™ืŸ, 
ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืคึผื ื™ื-- ืื™ ืคืจื™ืฉ, ืื™ ื’ืขืจื•ื™ื˜ืœื˜... 


ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจืฉืจืึธืงืŸ! ื ื™ื˜ ืฉืจืขืง ื–ื™ืš, ื–ืฒึท ืฐืึทืš, 
ื“ื• ื–ืึธืœืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืคืึทืจืžืึทื›ืŸ, 

ื“ื• ืฉื˜ืขืœ ื ืขื‘ืŸ ื˜ืฑื˜ืŸ ืึทืฐืขืง ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ืœืึทืš, 

ื–ืึธืœืกื˜ ืœืึทื›ืŸ! ื–ืึธืœืกื˜ ืœืึทื›ืŸ ื–ืึธืœืกื˜ ืœืึทื›ืŸ! 


ื“ื• ืฉืคึผืึทืจ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ืŸ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืคื•ืก ืึธืŸ... ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื–? 
ื“ืขืจ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ืขืจ- ืขืจ ืฐืขื˜ ืขืก ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืกืŸ, 


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ืึทื–ืฑ! ื™ืึธ, ืึทื–ืฑ... ื™ืขืฆื˜ ืœืึทืš ืฆื• ืžื™ืจ ื–ื™ืก-- 
ืื•ืŸ ืฐื•ืขืกื˜ื• ื ื™ื˜ ืœืึทื›ืŸ -- ื“ืึทืŸ ืฉื™ืก ืื™ืš.ืŸ"ืŸ 


ื”. 
ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืœืึทื›ื˜... "ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืึทืš ื ืึธืš ื ื™ื˜, ืฐืึทืจื˜!" 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉ ืึท ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื™ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืคึผืœื•ืฆืœื™ื ื’-- 

ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ ืฐืึธืก-- "ื ืึท, ื ืขื ืึท ืกื™ื’ืึทืจ! 
ื“ื• ืจื•ื™ื›ืขืจืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜? ื ืขื ืื™ื ืฆื•ื ืคึผื•ืฅ ื ืึธืจ. 


ื ืขื ืื™ื ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขืง ืื™ื ืึทืจืฒึทื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืžื•ื™ืœ, 
ืื•ืŸ ืคึผื™ืคึผืงืข ืื•ืŸ ืคึผื™ืคึผืงืข... ื ืขื ืคึผืฒึทืขืจ! 

ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืกื˜ื• ื ื™ื˜ ืคึผื™ืคึผืงืขืŸ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืกื˜ื• ืึท ืงื•ื™ืœ, 
ืื™ืš ื”ืึทืœื˜ ืื™ื, ืื™ืŸ ื”ืึทื ื˜ ืื™ื, ื“ืขื ืฉืคึผืฒึทืขืจ. 


ืึทื–ืฑ! ืฉื˜ืขืœ ืึท ืคื•ืก ืื™ื ืึทืฐืขืง ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื‘ื•ื™ืš, 
ื“ืขื ืงืึธืคึผ ื”ืึทืœื˜ ืึท ื‘ื™ืกืœ ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ -- 

ืคื•ืŸ ืกื™ื’ืึทืจ ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ืš ื•ื•ืขืœื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ืŸ-ื“ื™ื ื˜ืฉื™ืง ืึท ืจื•ื™ืš, 
ืื™ืš ืฐื•ื™ืœ ืžืขืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ื–ืขืŸ ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ื’ืœื•ื™ื‘ืŸ... 


ืึทื–ืฑ, ืึธ, ืžืขืŸ ื“ืึทืจืฃ ื“ื™ืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืกืš, 

ืื™ืš ื–ืข ืฉื•ื™ืŸ, ื“ื• ืฐืขืกื˜ ืขืก ืžื™ืจ ืžืึทื›ืŸ, 

ืื•ืŸ ื™ืขืฆื˜? ื™ืขืฆื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืขื™ืงืจ: ืคืึทืจื’ืขืก ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ -- ืœืึทืš! 
ื–ืึธืœืกื˜ ืœืึทื›ืŸ! ื–ืึธืœืกื˜ ืœืึทื›ืŸ! ื–ืึธืœืกื˜ ืœืึทื›ืŸ!" 


ื•ื– 

ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืœืึทื›ื˜, ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืœืึทื›ื˜, ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืœืึทื›ื˜-- 
ืึธ ื’ืึธื˜ ืžืฒึทื ืขืจ, ื’ืึธื˜, ืžืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜ืขืจ! 

ืฐืขืจ ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ื™ื™ึดื“ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ืฑื™ื˜ืŸ ื‘ืึทื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜, 
ืฐืขืจ ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ืขืœืขื›ื˜ืขืจ! 


ื“ืขืจ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ืื™ื, ื“ืขืจ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉ, ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืš 
ืึท ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ืคืจื™ื“ืŸ 
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ืคืึทืจืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื”ืขื ื˜, ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื”ืขื ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ื•ื™ืš, 
ืื•ืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ื–ื™ื™, ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ, 


ื“ืขื ื˜ืฑื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขื, ื“ืขืจ ืฐืึธืก ืœืึทื›ื˜... ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืจืึทืฉ 
ืฆืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืื™ื™ื“ืœ-- 

ื’ืขืฆื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืึธื“ืึทืง ืึทืจืฑืก ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืึทืฉ, 

ืื•ืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืื™ื ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ื™ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืŸ, 


ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ื, ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ... ื”ื™ื™, ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจืžืึทืš, 
ื“ื• ื–ืึธืœืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืคืึทืจืžืึทื›ืŸ! 

ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ื”ืขื›ืขืจ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืคื•ืก ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืœืึทืš! 
ื–ืึธืœืกื˜ ืœืึทื›ืŸ! ื–ืึธืœืกื˜ ืœืึทื›ืŸ! ื–ืึธืœืกื˜ ืœืึทื›ืŸ! 


ืž.ื– 

ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืœืึทื›ื˜... ืึธ ื’ืึธื˜, ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ื’ืึธื˜! 
ืžืขืŸ ืจื•ืคื˜ ื ืึธืš ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืก ื’ืœืฒื‘ื™ืง... 

ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ื“ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืœืึทื›ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืœื™ึดืขืจ -- ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜... 
ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ื’ืขืœืขื›ื˜ืขืจ ืคืึทืจืืฒื‘ื™ืงื˜! 


ืฆื•ื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืœื™ึดืขืจ, ื“ืขืจ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉ, ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ -- ื“ื•! 
ืึธ ื’ืึธื˜, ืึธ, ืคืึทืจ ืฐืึธืก ื–ืึธื’ ืฉื˜ืจืึธืคืกื˜ื• ืื™ื? 

ื“ืขืจ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืฆื• ืจื•, 
ืคืึทืจ ืฐืึธืก, ืึธ, ืœืึธื–ืกื˜ื• ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืจื• ืื™ื? 


ื“ืขืจ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉ ืื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื ืก ื’ืขืœืขื›ื˜ืขืจ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื–ืึทื˜, 
ืื•ืŸ ื’ืึธื˜ ืงืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืกืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึธืŸ ืื™ื! 

ื“ืขืจ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืึทืจืื™ืฒื™ื‘ื™ืงื˜ ืื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืึทืคึผืึทืจืึทื˜, 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ื• ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืคึผื ื™ื... 


ื“ืขืจ ื“ืฒึทื™ื˜ืฉ ืฉืจืฒึทื˜: ื’ืขื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ! ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ ืœืึทื›ื˜ ื ืึธืš ืึทืœืฅ 
ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ืŸ ืคืึทืจื˜ืจื™ื‘ืŸ-- 


655 


ืคืึทืจื™ืึธื’ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืฉืคึผื™ืฆืจื•ื˜ ืื™ื ืื™ื‘ืขืจืŸ ื”ืึทืœื“ื–, 
ื“ืึธืก ืœืึทื›ืŸ ืื™ื– ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ... 


ื—. 
ืขืจ ืœืึทื›ื˜, ืขืจ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ื ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืึทืกืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืงื•ื•ืขืœื˜, 
ืื•ื™ืฃ ื‘ืœื™ื ื“ืข, ืคืึทืจืžื•ื™ืขืจื˜ืข ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ, 

ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึทืกืŸ ืคืึทืจืจื™ื’ืœื˜, ืื•ื™ืฃ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ - 
ืื•ืŸ ืœืึทื›ื˜ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืง ืึทื ื˜ืงืขื’ืŸ. 


ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ื‘ืจื™ืง ื–ื™ืš, ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜, 
ืคืึทืจืœืฒื™ื’ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ื’ืึทืก ืึท ืคืึทืจืžืึทื›ื˜ืขืจ.- 

ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืขืค ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ืœืึทื›ื˜, ืœืึทื›ื˜- ืึธ, ื’ืึธื˜, 
ืฐืึธืก ืœืึทื›ื˜ ืขืจ? ืฐืึธืก ืœืึทื›ื˜ ืขืจ? ืฐืึธืก ืœืึทื›ื˜ ืขืจ? 


ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื ื“ื˜ ืฆื• ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ "ื’ืขื ืฉื™ืข" ืึท ืžื™ื™ื“ืœ ืฆื•ื ืกืœื•ืคึผ, 
ืึท ืงื™ื ื“ ื ืึธืš... ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืจืึทื›ื˜ ืื™ืจ 

ืคื•ืŸ "ื“ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ" ืฆื•ื ืฉื™ืกืŸ... ื–ื™ ื‘ืฒึทืกื˜ ืื™ื, ื–ื™ ืฆื•ืคึผื˜, 

ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื ื“ื˜ ื–ื™. ืื•ืŸ ืœืึทื›ื˜... ื’ืฐืึทืœื“, ืฐืึธืก ืœืึทื›ื˜ ืขืจ? 


ืื•ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ -- ื ืฒึทืŸ ืฐื•ึผื ื“ืŸ ืคืึทืจืื™ื™ื˜ืขืจื˜, ื’ืขืœ-ืจื•ื™ื˜, 
ืื•ืŸ ืคึผื ื™ืžืœืขืš ื ืขื‘ืขืš ืคืึทืจืฉืžืึทื›ื˜ืข-- 

ืขืจ ื–ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ื–ื™ืš ืฐืึทืœื’ืขืจืŸ ื ืึทืงืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืงื•ื™ื˜ 

ืื•ืŸ ืœืึทื›ื˜... ืึทืš ืฐืึธืก ืœืึทื›ื˜ ืขืจ? ืฐืึธืก ืœืึทื›ื˜ ืขืจ? 


ื˜. 
ืฐืึธืก ืœืึทื›ื˜ ืขืจ? ืฐืึธืก ืœื•ื™ืคื˜ ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืœืึทื›ื˜? ืึธ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืจืขื’! 
ืขืจ ืœื•ื™ืคื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ืœืึทื›ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืจ-- 

ืขืจ ืœื•ื™ืคื˜ ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืคืึทืจืฆื•ื™ืžื˜ ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจ ืื™ื ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื’, 
ืคืึทืจืฉืœืึธืกืŸ ืคืึทืจ ืื™ื ื˜ื™ืจ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ืขืจ. 


ืขืจ ืฉืคึผืจื™ื ื’ื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขื›ืขืจ, ืขืจ ืงืœืขื˜ืขืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื•ื•ืขื ื˜, 
ื‘ืจืขื›ื˜ ืžื•ื™ืขืจืŸ ืืฒึทื™ืŸ ืฐื™ ืžื™ื˜ ื”ืขืจื ืขืจ; 


6 





ืคึผืจืงื™ื ื˜' -- ื™ื™ ืคื•ืŸ "ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึธื“ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืœืึทื›ื˜" -- ื“ื™ ืื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืงืข ื–ื™ื™ื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืคึฟืึทืจื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“ 


ืœื•ื™ืคื˜ ื—ืจื•ื‘ืข ืฉื˜ืขื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืกืœืขืš ืคืึทืจืŸื‘}ื“ืขื ื˜, 
ืก'ืื™ื– ืคื•ืœ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื ื’ืึทื ืฅ ื“ื™ "ื’ื•ื‘ืขืจื ื™ืข". 


ืขืจ ืœื•ื™ืคื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ืœืึทื›ื˜, ืฉืจื•ืžืคึผื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืœืึทื›ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืืฒึทืŸ, 
ืงืึธืจื˜ืฉืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฉืžืึทืจืฅ ื–ื™ืš - ืึท ื—ื™ื”ืŸ,} 

ืื•ืŸ ืงืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขืœืขื›ื˜ืขืจ, ืื™ืŸ ืฉืจืขืง ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืฒึทืŸ, 

ืขืจ ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืึทืคึผืจืฒึทืขืŸ... 


ืขืจ ืœืึทื›ื˜, ืœื•ื™ืคื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืœืึทื›ื˜, ืœื•ื™ืคื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก {ื ื™ื˜ืŸ ืึทืฐื•ึผ, 
ืจืฒึทืกื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ื–ื™ืš, ื“ื•ืจืš ืฐืึทื›ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื›ื˜ืขืจ-- 

ืขืจ ืงื•ืงื˜ ืื•ืžืขื˜ื•ื ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืงืŸ ืฆื• 

ืื•ืŸ ืœืึทื›ื˜, ืœืึทื›ื˜... ืึธ ื’ืึธื˜, ื“ืึธืก ื’ืขืœืขื›ื˜ืขืจ! 


2 

ืขืจ ืงื•ืงื˜ ื ื™ื˜, ืขืจ ืœื•ื™ืคื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื™ืŸ, 
ืขืจ ืœื•ื™ืคื˜ ื•ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ, 

ืขืก ื™ืึธื’ื˜ ื ืึธืš ืื™ื ื ืึธืš ื–ื™ืš ืึท ื‘ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื’ืขืฐื•ื™ื™ืŸ, 

ืื•ืŸ ืงืจืขื›ืฆืŸ -- ื–ื™ ื™ืึธื’ืŸ ืื™ื, ื™ืึธื’ืŸ... 


ืฆื™ ื”ืขืจื˜ ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜? ื–ืขื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืึทืœืฅ ืฐืึธืก ืึทืจื•ื? 
ืฆื™ ืื™ื– ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึธืœ ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืืฒึทื–ืŸ? 

ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืจ'ืื™ื– ืึทืŸ ืขื“ื•ืช ืฐืึธืก ืงื•ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื, 
ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคึผื ื™ื ื‘ืึทืฐืฒึทื–ืŸ, 


ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืœืึทื›ืขื“ื™ืง ืคึผื ื™ื... ื ื™ื˜ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื˜ื•ื™ื˜ - 
ืคืึทืจ ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฉืข ืึทื ื˜ืœืฑืคื˜ ืขืจ ื•ื™ ืงื™ืŸ? 

ืขืก ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ื’ืขืœืขื›ื˜ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืฒึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื ื•ื™ื˜ืŸ,ืŸ 
ืขืจ ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืึทืคืจืฒึทืขืŸ. 


ืขืจ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืึทื ื˜ืœื•ืคื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืฐืฒึทื–ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืฉื˜ื•ื, 


1 } ืฐืึธืก ื‘ืึทืฉืฐืขืจื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ, 
1 } ืขืจื’ืขืฅ ืื•ืŸ { ืื•ืžืขืŸื˜ื•ื 
1 | ื• 


8 


ื ื™ื.ืŸ 

ืขืจ ืงื•ืžื˜ ื™ืขืฆื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืœื ืข... ืึธ, ื‘ื™ืœื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืจืขืง. 
ืึธ, ื‘ื™ืœื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืœ ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืžื” -- 

ืขืจ ื–ืขื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜: ืžืขืŸ ืคื™ืจื˜ ืึท ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืึทืฐืขืง, 
ื–ื™ื™ ื•ืขืœืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึทื”ื™ื™ื ืžืขืจ. 


ืื™ื™ืŸ ืฐื™ืœื ืขืจืŸ ื ืึธืจ, ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜, ื”ืขืจื˜ ืึท ื’ืœื™ืง! 
ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืงื•ื™ืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ 


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ืึทืจื™ื™ื ืคื™ืจ 35 


ืึท ืคึผืึธืขืžืข ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ืคึผื ื™ื-ืืœ-ืคึผื ื™ื ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื˜ื•ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืึทื ืฆืขืจ 
ืขื“ื” ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ. ื‘ืขืช ื‘ืฒึทื™ ืฉืœืžื” ื–ืฉืขืœื™ื›ืึธื•ื•ืกืงื™ืŸ (ื–ืข ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ, ื ื•ืž' 33) ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืคื•ืŸ ืืžื•ื ื” -- ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” -- ืึทืŸ 
ืึธื ืฉืคึผืึทืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืึทื ืฆืขืจ ืขื“ื” ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืžื•ื– ืฆื•ื–ืขืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ื‘ืจืขื ื’ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ื“ื™ ืจืขื˜ื•ื ื’ ืœื•ื™ื˜ ื•ื™ ืžืข ื’ื™ื˜ 
ื–ื™ ืฆื• ืคึฟืึทืจืฉื˜ืฒืŸ, ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื“ืึธ ื“ื™ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืคื•ืŸ ืืžื•ื ื” ืื™ืŸ ืจืึทื“ื–ื™ื ืขืจืก ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ืืฑืกื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืึธื ืฉืคึผืึทืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ 
ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜-- ื‘ืืฉืจ ื“ื™ ืขื“ื” ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจืžืึธืจื“ืขื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ. ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธ ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ 
ืึทืœื™ื™ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืžืžื™ืœื ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ ื‘ืึทืœืฑื›ื˜ืŸ: ืฉืœืžื” ื–ืฉืขืœื™ื›ืึธื•ื•ืกืงื™ืก ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ-ื”ืฉื, ืื™ื– ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ. 
ื”ืฉื ื‘ืจื‘ื™ื - ืคืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืืฑื’ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื’ืึทื ืฆืขืจ ืขื“ื”, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ืจื”. ื“ืขื ืจืึทื“ื–ื™ื ืขืจืก ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” 
ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ืฒื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทื’ืจืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ื”ืขื ื˜ ื“ื™ ืžืชื™ื, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจื ืขืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ืคึผื“ื™ื•ืŸืฉื‘ื•ื™ื™ื ื›ึผื“ื™ 
ืื•ื™ืกืœื™ื™ื–ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื™ื™ื ืฆืœื ืข ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืขื ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ืฆื•ื’. ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ืฒื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ-ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ ื“ื•ื•ืงื, ืฐืึธืก 
ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ-ื”ืฉื ืฐื™ ืžืข ืงืขืŸ ืึทืจื•ื™ืกื“ืจื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืขืžืข ืึทืœื™ื™ืŸ, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื•: ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ-ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– 
ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื”ืชึผื•ืจื”, ื“ื•ืจืš ืžืงื™ื™ื ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื›ึผืœืœ-ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ, ืึทืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืขืช ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜. 

ืขืก ืื™ื– ื˜ืขื•ืชื“ื™ืง ืึธื ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ, ืึทื– ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื™.ืง. ื“ื™ ื’ืึทื ืฆืข ืคึผืึธืขืžืข, ื ืึธื›ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ -- ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ 15 ื˜ืŸ 
ื ืึธื•ื•ืขืžื‘ืขืจ 1942 ืื•ืŸ 7 ื˜ืŸ ื™ืึทื ื•ืึทืจ 1943 (ื–ืข: ื›ืชื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื, ืชืฉื˜"ื–, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ืง'ืก 
ืฉืจื™ืคื˜ืŸ, ื ื•ืž' 39, ื–ื™ 365). ืื•ื™ืš ื‘ืฒึทื ืึทืจืฑืกื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืฆื•ื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ื“ืขื ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืขืžืข ืื™ืŸ ืึท 
ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื ื ื“ืขืจ ืืฑืกื’ืึทื‘ืข ืื™ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ 1964, ื—ื–ืจื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืจืขื“ืึทืงืฆื™ืข ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ื“ืึทื˜ืข (ื–ืข: ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ 
ืจืึทื“ื–ื™ื ืขืจ, ื–' {5}; ื–ืข ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ืึธื’ืจืึทืคื™ืฉืขืจ ื”ืขืจื” ืฆื•ื ื˜ืขืงืกื˜, ืื™ืŸ: ื›ืชื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื, 
ื—ืชืฉื›"ื˜, ื–' 371). | | 

ืจื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืื™ื– ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ืึทื– ื™.ืง. ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ืฑื‘ืŸ ืฉืจืฒื™ื‘ืŸ "ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืจืึทื“ืฑื ืขืจ", 12 ื˜ืขื’ ืคืึทืจืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ 
ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ-- ื“ืขื 10 ื˜ืŸ ื™ื•ืœื™ 1942, ื•ื™ ืขืก ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื ืึทืœืฒืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขืฐื™ื–ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“, ืฆื•ื ืกื•ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืกื˜ืจืึธืคืข 
ื˜"ื•, ืื™ืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ื’ืขื–ืึทื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืขืžืข. ื“ื™ ืกื™ื‘ื” ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืึทืจื–ืขืŸ, ื•ื™ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ื™ ืกื™ื‘ื” ืคื•ืŸ ืฆืขื ื“ืœื™ืงืขืจ 
ืื•ืžืคึผื™ื ืงื˜ืœืขื›ืงืฒื™ื˜ืŸ, ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ืข ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืื•ืŸ ืึทืจืฒึทื ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ืข ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืฉื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืืฑืกื’ืึทื‘ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ 1964, 
ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืคึผืึทืงื˜ ืฐืึธืก ื™ืขื ืข ืืฑืกื’ืึทื‘ืข ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืกืžืš ืคื•ืŸ ืึธืจื™ื’ื™ื ืขืœืŸ ื›ึผืชื‘- 
ื™ื“, ื ืึธืจ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืกืžืš ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืคืึทืจื’ืจืฒึทื–ื˜ืขืจ ืฉืจืฒื™ื‘ืžืึทืฉื™ืŸ-ืงืึธืคึผื™ืข ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืŸ ืื™ื ืกื˜ื™ื˜ื•ื˜ 
ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข (ื–ืข ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ, ื‘ืฒึทื ืกื•ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืจืฒึทื ืคื™ืจ). 

ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืืฑืกื’ืึทื‘ืข ื“ืจื•ืงืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื“ืึธ, ืฆื•ื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืžืึธืœ, ื“ืขื ืคื•ืœืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜, ืœืฑื˜ืŸ ืึธืจื™ื’ื™ื ืขืœืŸ 
ืžืึทื ื•ืกืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืขืžืข. ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื˜ ื“ืึทื˜ืขืก ื–ืขืงืก ืžืึธืœ, ืื™ืŸ ื–ืขืงืก ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข. 
ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“; 

ืฆื•ื ืกื•ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ืกื˜ืจืึธืคืข ื˜"ื• ืคื•ืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ื’ืขื–ืึทื ื’-- 10/7/42 

ืฆื•ื ืกื•ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ืกื˜ืจืึธืคืข ื›' ืคื•ืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ื’ืขื–ืึทื ื’-- 15/241/42 

ืฆื•ื ืกื•ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ืกื˜ืจืึธืคืข ื™"ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืจื™ื˜ืŸ ื’ืขื–ืึทื ื’-- 6/1/43 

ืฆื•ื ืกื•ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ืกื˜ืจืึธืคืข ื˜"ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืจื™ื˜ืŸ ื’ืขื–ืึทื ื’-- 6/1/43 

ืฆื•ื ืกื•ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ืกื˜ืจืึธืคืข ื™"ื— ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืจื™ื˜ืŸ ื’ืขื–ืึทื ื’- 7/1/43 

ืฆื•ื ืกื•ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืขืžืข, ืขื ื“ืข ืกื˜ืจืึธืคืข ื›'-- 7/1/43 

ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึทืจืฉืจื™ื‘ืขื ืข ื“ืึทื˜ืขืก ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืงืœืึธืจ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธืขืžืข ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืš ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื”ืึทืœื‘ ื™ืึธืจ, ืžื™ื˜ 


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ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ื”ืคืกืงื•ืช. ื™.ืง. ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื’ืขืขื ื“ื™ืงื˜ ืฉืจืฒึทื™ื‘ืŸ 11 ื˜ืขื’ ืคืึทืจืŸ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉืŸ ืคึผืจื•ึผื•ื• ืฆื• ื‘ืึทื ืฒึทืขืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืจืึทื›ื˜ ืฆื•ื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืืฑื™ืคืฉื˜ืึทื ื“ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ - ื“ืขื 18ื˜ืŸ ื™ืึทื ื•ืึทืจ 1943. ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธืขืžืข ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ 
ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืคืึทืจืฉืฒื™ื“ืขื ืข ืชึผืงื•ืคื•ืช ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืŸ ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขืฆื•ื•ื•ื ื’ืขื ืขืจ ื”ืคืกืงื” ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ, ื‘ืขืชืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ 
(22ื˜ืขืจ ื™ื•ืœื™-- 12ื˜ืขืจ ืกืขืคึผื˜ืขืžื‘ืขืจ 1942). ื“ื™ ืึธื ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืขื ืข ื“ืึทื˜ืขืก ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืึทืจืฑืก ื“ืขื ืคืึทืงื˜ ืึทื– ืึธื ื’ืขื”ื•ืฑื™ื‘ืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืขื ื“ื™ืงื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื™.ืง. ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธืขืžืข, ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืชึผืงื•ืคื•ืช -- ื’ืขืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ืข ื˜ืขื’ ืคืึทืจ ื“ื™ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ืžืึทืกืŸ-ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ื ืื™ืŸ 
ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ, ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืฐืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžืฆื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฆืŸ ื›ึผืœืœ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืึทืœืฅ 
ืื•ืžื“ืขืจื˜ืจืขื’ืœืขื›ืขืจ. 

ื“ื™ ืงืึธืจืขืœืึทืฆื™ืข ืฐืึธืก ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ ื“ืึธ, ืฆืฐื™ืฉืŸ ืฉืึทืคืขืจื™ืฉืงืฒื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทื“ืจืึธื˜ืŸ ืงื™ื•ื, ืื™ื– ืืฑืš 
ื›ืึทืจืึทืงื˜ืขืจื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉ ืคืึทืจ ื™-ืง'ืก ืฉืึทืคืŸ ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ืžืงื•ื-ื™ืึธืจืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ืึธืจ ื‘ืฒึท ืื™ื. ื•ื™ ืขืก ืฐืฒึทื–ื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ืึทืจืฑืก, ืื™ื– ืขืก ืึทืŸ ืึทืœื’ืขืžืฒื ืข ื“ืขืจืฉื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’: ืื™ืŸ ืึธื ื‘ืœื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื˜, ืฐืึทืงืกื˜ ื“ื™ ืฉืึทืคึผืขืจื™ืฉืงืฒื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ื•ื•ืงื 
ืคืึทืจืงืขืจื˜ (ื–ืข: ืงืขืกื˜ืขื ื‘ืึธื•ื ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจื’ืœืฒึทืš ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ื˜ื™ื˜ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื™ืš ื‘ื•ืš: :"ืž2681 01 ืฅื•ื•ื’4/' ืกืžื™ื“ื™:). ื‘ื™ื™ 
ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืขืŸ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืขืก ื‘ื•ืœื˜ ืฆื•ื ืื•ื™ืกื“ืจื•ืง, ืกืฒึท ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึทืจื˜ื™ืคื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืึทืคืŸ -- ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืฐืขืจืง ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื˜ ืฆื•ื ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืกื˜ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืกืฒึท ืื™ืŸ ืฉืึทืคืขืจื™ืฉืŸ ืื™ืžืคึผืขื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืฆืขืฐืึทืงืกื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื ืึทืœืฅ 
ืžืขืจ ื ืึธื›ืŸ ืคืึทืจืขื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธืขืžืข "ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืจืึทื“ื–ื™ื ืขืจ", ื‘ื™ื– ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืฉืœื™ืกื˜ ื“ืขื 17ื˜ืŸ ื™ืึทื ื•ืึทืจ (ืื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ 
ืคืึทืจืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืฉื˜ืึทื ื“) ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฆืŸ ืึธืคึผืฆื•ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื•ื›ื˜ ืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ืึท ืžืขื’ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืคึผืึทืจืœืึธื–ืŸ 
ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฉืึธืคึผ ื›ึผื“ื™ ืื•ื™ืกืฉืœื™ืกืœืขืš ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ืคืึทืจื ืขืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ (ื–ืข: ืฆื•ืงืจืžืŸ (ืชืฉื›"ื˜), ื–' 
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ืื™ืŸ ืึทืจืฒึทื ืคื™ืจ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืขืžืข, ืจื•ืคื˜ ื™.ืง. ืึธืŸ "ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืจืึทื“ื–ื™ื ืขืจ": "ืึท ื”ืขืœื“ื ืœื™ื“". ื“ืขืจ ื”ืขืœื“ ืื™ื– ืจ' 
ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืฉืœืžื” ืœื™ื™ื ืขืจ (1909 -- 1942), ื“ืขืจ ืœืขืฆื˜ืขืจ ืจื‘ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ืจืึทื“ื–ื™ืŸ, ื“ืขืจ ืคื™ื ืคื˜ืขืจ ื“ื•ืจ ืจื‘ื™ื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ืจืึทื“ื–ื™ื ืขืจ 
ื—ืกื™ื“ื•ืช ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื’ืจื™ื ื“ืขื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืจ' ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื–ืฉื‘ื™ืฆืข, ืจ' ืžืขื ื“ืœ ืงืึธืฆืงืขืจืก ืึท ืชึผืœืžื™ื“. ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ื–ื™ื™ื“ืข, ืจ' ื’ืจืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืขื ืขืš ืœื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืžื™ืฆื•ื•ื” ืคื•ืŸ "ืคึผืชื™ืœ-ื”ืžื›ืœืช" - ื ืึธืš ื’ืจื•ื ื˜ื™ืงืข 
ืืฑืกืคืึธืจืฉื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื•ื—ื™ื ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื‘ืขืœื™-ื”ืœื›ื” ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื™ืŸ ื“ื•ืจ, ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืคึผืึธืจ 
ืกืคืจื™ื. ืื™ืŸ ืจืึทื“ื–ื™ื ืขืจ ื—ืกื™ื“ื•ืช ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคืึทืจืึทืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื•ืœื˜ืขืจืขืจ ืกื™ืžื‘ืึธืœ ืคืึทืจ ื“ื™ ื›ึผื™ืกื•ืคื™-ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื“ื•ืจื›ืŸ ืงื™ื•ื 
ื”ืžื™ืฆื•ื•ืช ืœืฉื ืฉืžื™ื, ื•ื™ ื“ืขืจ ืขื ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึธืคึผืคืึทืจื‘ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคึผืชื™ืœ-ื”ืชึผื›ืœืช ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ืฆื•ื•ืช ืฆื™ืฆื™ืช. ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืœื›ื”-ืขื ื™ืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืš ืึท ืกืš ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข ืขื ื™ื ื™ื ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึท ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ืŸ ืฉืฒึทื›ื•ืช ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื’ืฒึทืกื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืžืึทื˜ืขืจื™ืขืœืขืจ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข 
ืคื•ืŸ ืจืึทื“ืฑื ืขืจ ื—ืกื™ื“ื•ืช, ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ืคึผืึธืขืžืข. ื–ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื‘ืึทืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื•ื™ 
"ื“ืขืงืึธืจืึทื˜ื™ื•ื•ืข" ื“ืขื˜ืึทืœืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื•ื ื’ืŸ ืจืึทื“ื–ื™ื ืขืจ ืจื‘ื™ืก ื™ื™ื—ื•ืก-ืึธื‘ื•ืช, ื ืึธืจ ื“ืขืจ ืขื™ืงืจ ื•ื™ ืึทืŸ ืึธื ื“ืฒึทื˜ื•ื ื’ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ 
ื™ื™ื—ื•ืก-ืขืฆืžื• ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ื”ืขืœื“ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธึถืขืžืข. ืจ' ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืฉืœืžื” ืœื™ื™ื ืขืจ, ื“ืขืจ ืœืขืฆื˜ืขืจ ืจืึทื“ื–ื™ื ืขืจ ื™ื•ื ื’ืขืจ 
ืจื‘ื™ -- ืึทืคื™ืœื• ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ืข ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืึธื‘ื•ืช, ืคืœืฒึทืกื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ื›ึผื•ื—ื•ืช, 
ื‘ืฒึทื ืฆื•ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื’ืื•ืœื”-ืฉืœืžื”. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืขืžืข ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื”ืขืœื“ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ 
ืื•ืกื’ืขื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ื™ ืคึผืจื˜ื™"ืคึผืจื˜ื™ื ืฐืึธืก ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืื™ื ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜, ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืึท ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืขืจ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทืœื˜. ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ ื’ืœื™ื“ืขืจื˜ ืืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืขืžืข, ืื•ื™ื˜ืขื ื˜ื™ืฉืข ืžืกื•ืจื•ืช ืื•ืŸ 
ืขื“ื•ืชืฉืึทืคื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืจืึทื“ื–ื™ื ืขืจ ืจื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขืช ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืœืขืฆื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’. ืขืก ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื’ืขืžืึทื›ื˜ ืึท ืกืขืœืขืงืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืจื˜ื™ื 
ืื•ืŸ ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ืฉืข ืชื•ืจื•ืช, ืฐืฒึทืœ ื™-ืง'ืก ืฆื™ืœ ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึธื ืฆื•ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ ืึท ื”ืึทื’ื™ืึธื’ืจืึทืคื™ืฉืข ืคึผืึธืขืžืข ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืฐื•ึผื ื“ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ 
ืžื•ืคื—ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืกื— ืฉื‘ื—ื™-ื”ืจื‘ื™, ื ืึธืจ ืฐื™ ืขืจ ืึทืœืฒื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจื˜, ืึทื– ืฉืจืฒึทื™ื‘ืŸ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื˜ ืขืจ ืึท ื”ืขืœื“ื ืœื™ื“ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืฐึผื ื“ืขืจ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ืื™ืŸ ืงืขื’ื ื–ืึทืฅ ืฆื• ืื•ืŸ ืœื”ื‘ื“ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ื‘ืฒึท ื“ื™ ืื•ืžื•ืช-ื”ืขื•ืœื. 

ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข ืื™ื– ืจืึทื“ื–ื™ื ืขืจ ื—ืกื™ื“ื•ืช ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจืฐืึธืจืฆืœื˜ ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฆืขื ื“ืœื™ืงืขืจ ื™ืึธืจืŸ, ืฐืฒึทืœ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื•ืฐื•ื™ื ื˜ 
ืจ' ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืœื™ื™ื ืขืจ, ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืขืœ "ืชืคืืจืช-ื™ื•ืกืฃ", ื“ืขื ืœืขืฆื˜ืŸ ืจืึทื“ื–ื™ื ืขืจ ืจื‘ื™ืก ืคึฟืึธื˜ืขืจ. ื ืึธื›ืŸ ื˜ื•ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 


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ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืึธื˜ืขืจ, ืื™ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ ืชืจืฆ"ื•, ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื™ื•ื ื’ืขืจ ืจื‘ื™ ืึทืฐืขืง ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืจืึทื“ื–ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื‘ืึทื–ืขืฆื˜. ื ืึธื›ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื‘ืจื•ืš 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜-ืžืœื—ืžื” ืื™ื– ืขืจ ืึทื ื˜ืœืึธืคืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฐืœืึธื“ืึทืฐื•ืข ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ, ื‘ื™ื– ืขืจ ืื™ื– 
ื“ืขืจืžืึธืจื“ืขื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ -- ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื”ืขืœืคื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืžืึทื™ 1942. 

ืึท ืงื•ืจืฆืข ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืจืึทื“ื–ื™ื ืขืจืก ื˜ืฑื˜, ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ืขืจืฉื™ืกืŸ, ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจืฉื™ื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ, ืื™ืŸ 
ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืขืจื“ื™ืฉืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ืœืขื˜ื™ืŸ "ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช", ืคื•ืŸ "ื“ืจื•ืจ" (ื–ืข: ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช, ื ื•ืž' 5, ื“ืขื 2ื˜ืŸ ื™ื•ื ื™ 1942). ืขืก ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ 
ืึธื ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ืกื•ื“ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืขืžืข (ื–ืข: ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ืช ืœื•ื—ืžื™ ื”ื’ื™ื˜ืื•ืช, ื›"ื– 
ื‘ื ื™ืกืŸ ืชืฉ"ืš -- ืึทืคึผืจื™ืœ 1960, ื ื•ืž' 22, ื“ืึธืจื˜ -- ื”ืขืจื” ื ื•ืž' 1, ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ืฒึทื˜ 18). ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืจื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ 
ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึทื˜ืข ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื™.ืง. ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ืฑื‘ืŸ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธืขืžืข, ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืš ืงืœืึธืจ ืึทื– ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ืึทื–ืฑ ื•ื™ 
ื‘ืฒึทื ืœื™ื“ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืฉืœืžื” ื–ืฉืขืœื™ื›ืึธื•ื•ืกืงื™ืŸ (ื–ืข ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ, ื ื•ืž' 33) ืึทื–ืฑ ืื™ื– ื™.ืง. ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืึธ ื‘ืึทืงืึทื ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ 
ืคึผืจื˜ื™-ืคึผืจื˜ื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืŸ ื”ืขืœื“, ืึท ืกืš ื˜ื™ืคืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื•ื™ ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืก ื“ืขืจืžืขื’ืœืขื›ื˜ ื“ื™ ืงื•ืจืฆืข 
ืื™ื ืคืึธืจืžืึทื˜ื™ื•ื•ืข ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ "ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช". ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจ ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืืฑืกื’ืขืฉืœืึธืกืŸ ืึทื– ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืคืึทืœืŸ, ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข 
ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืฉืึทืคื•ื ื’ืขืŸ -- ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืฉืœืžื” ื–ืฉืขืœื™ื›ืึธื•ื•ืกืงื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืจืึทื“ื–ื™ื ืขืจ-- ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ืึธืจ ืึท ื”ื•ื™ื›ืŸ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืจื™ืฉืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜, 
ื ืึธืš ืื•ื™ืš ืึท ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืฐืขืจื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ืึธืจ ื‘ืึทืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ื”ืขืœื“ื™ืฉืงื™ื™ื˜ ืœื•ื˜ ื•ื™ ื™ืฆื—ืง 
ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ืึทื ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืคื•ืจืขืžื˜, ื ืึธืจ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืขืจ ืงืขืจืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจื˜ื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืข 
ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉืŸ. ืึทืคึผื™ืœื• ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจืึทืŸ ื‘ื™ื– ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืข ืœืขื‘ืขื“ื™ืงืข ืขื“ื•ืช, ืฐืฒึทื–ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืึทืจืฑืก ืึทื– ื“ืขืจ 
ืคึผืึธืขื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืึทืจืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคึผืึธืขืžืข ืื•ื™ืš ืื•ืžื‘ืึทืฐื•ึผืกื˜ืข ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืข ืคึผืจื˜ื™ื ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืŸ"ื”ืกืชึผื 
ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ื‘ืฒึท ืขื“ื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฆืฒึทื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ื˜ื™ืคืขืจ ื‘ืึทื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืืฒื™ื‘ื™ืงื˜. ืึท ืกืš ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ 
ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืจืึทื“ื–ื™ื ืขืจืก ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื˜ ื‘ืขืช ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜-ืžืœื—ืžื”, ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืขืžืข ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจืึทืŸ 
ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืข ืึธืคึผืฉืึทืฆื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื™-ืง'ืก ืœื™ื“ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืฉืœืžื” ื–ืฉืขืœื™ื›ืึธื•ื•ืกืงื™ืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ื›ื™ื– ืึทื”ืขืจ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืขื ืข ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืคืึทืจื“ื™ื ืขืŸ ื™-ืง'ืก ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ืข ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืข ืคึผืึธืขืžืขืก, ืึท ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจืŸ 
ืึทื ืึทืœื™ื– ืื•ืŸ ืึธืคึผืฉืึทืฅ, ื–ืข: ืฉื™ื™ื ื˜ื•ืš (1982). 

ื ืึธื›ืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืฉื˜ืึทื ื“ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืจืึทื“ื–ื™ื ืขืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ืึทืงืึทื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ. ื™ื™ืง. ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืคืึธืจื’ืขืœืฒื™ืขื ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธืขืžืข ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ืงื•ื ืกื˜-ืึธืฐื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืคึผืจื™ื•ื•ืึทื˜ืขืจ ื“ื™ืจื” ืื•ื™ืฃ ื ืึธืฐืึธืœื™ืคึผื™ืข 58. ืœื•ื™ื˜ืŸ ืžืงื•ืจ ืฐืึธืก 
ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื, ืื™ื– ืงืœืึธืจ ืึทื– ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคืจื™ึดืขืจ ื•ื™ ืขื ื“ืข ื™ืึทื ื•ืืจ 1943, ืฆื™ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ (ื–ืข: 
ืคืจื™ื“ืžืŸ, ืง., ื–ื™ 123). 

ื“ืขืจ ืึธืจื™ื’ื™ื ืขืœืขืจ ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“ ื’ืขืคื™ื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืจื™ื ื’ืขืœื‘ืœื•ื-ืึทืจื›ื™ื•ื•, ืื™ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืŸ ืื™ื ืกื˜ื™ื˜ื•ื˜ ืื™ืŸ 
ืฐืึทืจืฉืข, ืจืขื’ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ืจื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื ื•ืž' 350. ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืืฑืกื’ืึทื‘ืข ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ 
4 (ื–ืข: ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืจืึทื“ื–ื™ื ืขืจ) ื‘ืึทื–ื™ืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ืคืึทืจื’ืจืฒึทื–ื˜ืขืจ ืงืึธืคึผื™ืข ื’ืขืžืึทื›ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ 
ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืŸ ืื™ื ืกื˜ื™ื˜ื•ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืขืฉื™ืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ 1954 ืฆื•ื ื™.ืง.-ืึทืจื›ื™ื•ื• ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ืœื•ื—ืžื™ ื”ื’ื™ื˜ืื•ืช, 
ื‘ื™ืช ืœื•ื—ืžื™ ื”ื’ื™ื˜ืื•ืช ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืคึผื™ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืžืงื•ืจ, ืขืจืฉื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ 1967. ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ 
ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื“ืึธ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื ืฒึท ื“ืขืฉื™ืคืจื™ืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜, ืœื•ื™ื˜ืŸ ืคืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืคึผื™ืจื˜ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืžืงื•ืจ. ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืคื™ืœืฆืึธืœื™ืงืข 
ื’ืจืฒึทื–ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ืžืคึผื™ื ืงื˜ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืืฑืกื’ืึทื‘ืข, ืงืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืžื™ืจ ื“ืจื•ืงืŸ ื“ืึธ 
ืคึฟืึทืจืจืขื›ื ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืคึผืจื•ึผื•ื• ืึทืจืฑืกืฆื•ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืึท ืคื•ืœืข ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืจืฒึทืข ืขื“ื™ืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืขืžืข. 

"ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืจืึทื“ื–ื™ื ืขืจ" ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ื’ืจืขืกืขืจืข ืฉืึทืคื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื™.ืง. ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก 
ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ืฐืขืจืง ื–ืฒึทื ืก ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืฆื• ืื•ื ื“ื– ื“ืขืจื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืฉืึทืคื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืขืจื™ืึธื“ 
ืฐืึธืก ืฆืฐื™ืฉืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื‘ืึทืฐืึธืคึผื ื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืฉื˜ืึทื ื“ (18ื˜ืขืจ ื™ืึทื ื•ืืจ-- 19ื˜ืขืจ ืึทืคึผืจื™ืœ 1943). ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ื“ืจืฒึท-ืคึฟื™ืจ ืžืึธื ืึทื˜ืŸ, ื‘ื™ื–ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ืืฑืคึผืฉื˜ืึทื ื“ ื”ืึธื˜ ื™.ืง. ืึธื ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืข ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ ืื•ืŸ 
ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจืœืึธืจืŸ ื’ืขื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ. 


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ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืจืึทื“ื–ื™ื ืขืจ 

ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื“ืžืขื˜ ืžืฒึทื™ืŸ ื—ื ื”ืŸ. 
ื’ืขื–ืึทื ื’ ื' 
ืึทืจืฒึทื ืคื™ืจ 


ื›'ืฐื•ื™ึทืœ ื–ื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ึทื™ืš ืึท ื”ืขืœื“ื ืœื™ื“ -- 
ืึธ ืœืึทื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื ื™ื˜, ื‘ืจื™ื“ืขืจ, 
ื ื™ื˜ ืฐื•ึผื ื“ืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš: ืฐื™ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืึท ื™ื™ื“ 
ืฆื• ื–ื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ื”ืขืœื“ื ืœื™ื“ืขืจ? 


ื”ืขืœื“ื ืœื™ื“ืขืจ... ื™ืึธ, ืึทื–ืฑ! 

ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืจ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจืฉืจืึธืงืŸ 
ืึท ื”ืขืœื“ื ืœื™ื“ ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจ ืึท ื’ื•ื™, 
ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื—ื–ืงื”... 


ื’ื•ื™ื™ื... ื–ื™ืฒื™ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื–ื™ื’! 
ื–ื™ื™, ื ืึธืจ ื–ื™ื™ ื“ื™ ื”ืขืœื“ืŸ! 
ื–ื™ื™, ื–ื™ื™ ื˜ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืงืจื™ื’ 
ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฐื™ืกื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ืŸ. 


ืก'ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืึธื ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ืขืจืคึผืึทืจ ืžื™ืจ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ, 
ืขืก ื˜ืจืึธื’ื˜ ืึท ื™ื™ื“ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื™ืึธืจืŸ 

ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืœืขื ื“ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืฐื•ืขืจ, 

ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื•ื•ืœ ืื™ื– ืึธืŸ ืฉืคึผืึธืจืŸ, 


ืขืจ ืคึผืึธื›ืขื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืฐืขืจื“ ื ื™ื˜, ื ื™ื™ืŸ, 
ืขืจ {ืœืขืจื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืฉื™ืกืŸ 

ืื•ืŸ ืจื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜, ื“ื™ ื”ืขืจืฆืขืจ ืจื™ื™ืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ืจื™ื™ืŸ, ืจื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ... 


663 


ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจื’ื™ืกื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ ืึท ื™ื™ึดื“, 
ืื™ื– ืขืก ื–ืฒึทื ืก, ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ื ืก, 
ื–ื™ื ื’ ืื™ืš ืืฒึทืš ืึท ื”ืขืœื“ื ืœื™ื“ 
ืื•ื™ืฃ ื’ืึธืจ ืึทืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื’ืขืจ. 


ืฐื•ืœืึธื“ืึทืฐืข! ืืžืช... ื™ืึธ, ืฐืœืึธื“ืึทืฐืข, ื™ืึธ 

ืึท ืฉื˜ืขื˜ืœ ืึทื–ืึท ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ืงืจืฑื ืคึผืฑืœืŸ ื“ืึธ, 

ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜, ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื ืึธืจ ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ 
ืคืึทืจืึทืŸ ืึทื–ืึท ืฉื˜ืขื˜ืœ ื‘ืฒึท ืื•ื ื“ื– ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“, 
ื“ืขืจ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืงืœืึทืคึผื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึธืœ 
ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื”ืขืจ ืžื™ืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืฉื˜ืขื˜ืขืœืขืš ื ืึธืš ืึธืŸ ืึท ืฆืึธืœ, 
ืฉื˜ืขื˜ืœืขืš ื’ืขื‘ืขื ื˜ืฉื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉืึธืœื˜ืŸ ืฆื• ื’ืœืฒึทืš, 
ืฉื˜ืขื˜ืขืœืขืš ืึธืจืขื, ืื™ ืึธืจืขื, ืื™ ืจืฒึทืš... 
ืฉื˜ืขื˜ืœืขืš ืคืึทืจืฐืึธืจืœืึธื–ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธืคึผืขืจื“ื™ืง ืื•ื™ืš, 
ืฆืขืฐืึธืจืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืึธืœืŸ, ืื•ื™ืฃ ื”ื™ื’ืขืœืขืš ื”ื•ื™ืš, 

ื”ืฒึทื–ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื™ื’ืœ, ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืึธืœืฅ ืฆื™ ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื™ื - 

ืึท ื“ืื’ื” ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืก... ืึทื‘ื™ ืฐืึทืจืขื ืึท ื”ื™ื™ื. 

ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื›ื ื•ืช ืžื™ื˜ ื’ื•ื™ื™ื... ืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ 

ืื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื•ืŸ ืื™ื ืขื ื”ื™ืžืœ, ืื™ืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฆืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืึธื˜, 

ืึท ื”ื•ื™ื›ืขืจ ืึท ืงืœื•ื™ืกื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื“'ืจื™ืง ืึท ืฉื•ืœ, 

ืึท ืœื™ื™ื“ื™ืงืข ืงืจืขืžืœ, ืึท ื‘ื™ืช-ืžื“ืจืฉ ืคื•ืœ, 

ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืš ืึท ื‘ื™ืช-ืžื“ืจืฉ, ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืš ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™, ื ืึธืš ื“ืจืฒึท - 
ืึท ืจื‘ ืื•ืŸ ืึท ืจื‘ื™ ืื•ืŸ ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ืžืœืขืš ื˜ืจื™ื™, 

ื˜ื•ื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืœื‘ืขืจ, ื“ื™ ื—{ืกื–ื™ื“ื™ื-ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ืฐืึทืš - 
ืฐืœืึธื“ืึทืฐืข! ืื™ื™ื ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื˜ืœืขืš ืึท ืกืš... 


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ืฐื•ืœืึธื“ืึทืฐื•ืข! ื‘ืึทืงืึทื ื˜ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื ืึธืจ - 

ืื™ืš ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ืื™ืš ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™, ืื™ืš ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ ื‘ื™ื– ื’ืึธืจ... 

ืึทื–ืฑ ืฐื™ ืื™ืš ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืึท ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืคืึทืจื‘ืจืึทื›ื˜! 

ืึธ, ืœืึธื–ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืœืึธื“ืึทืฐืข ืึทืจืฒืŸ ืžื™ืš ื‘ืฒึทื ืึทื›ื˜, 

ืคื™ืจื˜ ืžื™ืš ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืœืึธื–ื˜ ืžื™ืš ืึทืœืฒื™ืŸ - 

ืื™ืš ื’ืฒื™... ืึธ, ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืคืึทืจืžืึทื›ื˜ ืฐืขืœ ืื™ืš ื’ื™ื™ืŸ! 

ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืจืขืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ื’ืขืกืœ -- ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืขื ื’... 

ืึท ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ื’ืึทืก ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืคืึทืจื‘ืขื ืงื˜... 

ื–ื™ ืจื•ืคื˜ ืžื™ืš: ื“ืึธ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš! ื–ื™ ืจื•ืคื˜ ืึธืŸ ืึท ืงื•ืœ 

ื“ืึธืก ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ื’ืขืกืœ-- ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืขื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืฉืžืึธืœืŸ, 
ืื™ื– ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืจืขืกืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก, 
ืงืขืŸ ืขื ื’ ื–ืฒึทืŸ, ืงืขืŸ ืฉืžืึธืœ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืึท ืžืึทืžืขืก ืึท ืฉื•ื™ืก? 

ืึท ืžืึทืžืขืก ืึทืŸ ืึธืจืขื ื ืขืžื˜ ืึทืœืฅ ืึทืจื•ื, 

ื“ื™ ืขื•ืคืขืœืขืš ืึทืœืข ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืขืžื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ืฉื˜ื•ื, 

ืื™ืจ ืื•ื™ื’ ื•ื•ื™ื ืงื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืŸ: ืึธ ืงื•ื, ืงื•ื ืึทื”ืขืจ! 

ื–ื™ ืฐื•ื™ื ืงื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื”ื™ื™ืกืขืจ, ื‘ืึทื”ืึทืœื˜ืขื ืขืจ ื˜ืจืขืจ, 

ืึธ ืงื•ื... ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ื’ืขืจื•ื ืฆืœื˜, ื’ืขืงื ื™ื™ื˜ืฉื˜ ืื™ื– ืžืฒึทื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ื˜, 
ื”ืึทืจื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืœืขื’ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืจื•ืงืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื‘ืจื•ื™ื˜, 

ื–ื™ ืจื•ืคื˜ ืžื™ืš, ื–ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื ืงื˜ ืฆื• ืžื™ืจ ืฉื˜ื™ืœ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืจื™ื™ืกื˜: 
"ืงื•ื, ื–ื•ื ืขื ื™ื•, ื˜ืจื™ื™ืกื˜ ืžื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ืฐืขืจ ื“ืึธ ื’ืขื˜ืจื™ื™ืกื˜!" 


ืึทืš, ืฐืœืึธื“ืึทืฐื•ืข, ืฉื˜ืขื˜ืขืœืข ืึธืจืขื ืื•ืŸ ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ -- 
ืึธืจืขื ืื•ืŸ ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ? ืึธ, ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืŸืกื–ื˜ ืขืก ื ื™ื˜, ื ื™ื™ืŸ! 
ืก'ืื™ื– ืจื™ึทื™ืš ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืคืึทืจืฐืึธืจืคืขื ืข, ืึธืจืขืžืข ื’ืึทืก, 
ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ืชึผื™ื™ืžื“ืจืฉื™ื, ืžื™ื˜ ืชึผื•ืจื”, ืžื™ื˜ ืฉ"ืก! 

ืžื™ื˜ ืชึผื•ืกืคื•ืชืŸ, ืจืฉื™ืก, ืจืฉื‘ืืก ืื•ืŸ ืจืžื‘ืžืก, 
ืžื™ื˜ ืฉืืœื•ืช-ื•ืชึผืฉื•ื‘ื•ืชืŸ ื–ื™ืก ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทื˜ืขืžื˜, 

ืžื™ื˜ ืžืขืฉื‚ื™ื ืื•ืŸ ืžืขืฉื‚ื™ื•ืช-ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ืึท ืกืš - 
ืื•ืŸ ื”ืฒืœื™ืง ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ื“ืœ ื“ื™ ืฉืคึผืจืึทืš, 


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ืฐืึธืก ืœืึธื–ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื”ืขืจืŸ ื‘ืฒึท ื“ื™ืจ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขืฆืขืœื˜ - 
ืฐืœืึธื“ืึทื•ื•ืข, ืœื•ืžื“ื™ืฉืข, ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ืฉืข ืฐืขืœื˜! 

ืฐืœืึธื“ืึทืฐืขืจ ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื, ื™ื•ื ื’, ื™ื•ื ื’ื™ื ืงืข ื ืึธืš - 

ืงื•ืงื˜, ืงื•ืงื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผื ื™ื ืื•ืŸ ื–ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืชึผื•ืš! 

ืื™ืจ ืงื•ืงื˜, ืงื•ืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ื’ ื–ื™ื™ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื–ืขืœ - 
ื“ื™ ืืฑื’ืึทืคึผืœืขืŸ ืฉืฐืึทืจืฆืข, ื“ื™ ื‘ืœื™ืงืŸ ื”ืขืœ ื”ืขืœ, 

ื“ื™ ืคึผื ื™ืžืœืขืš ื‘ืœืึทืกืข, ื“ื™ ืคึผืื”ืœืขืš ืฉืฐืึทืจืฅ 

ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธืคึผ ื”ื™ืฆื™ืง ื”ื™ืฆื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ื–ื•ื“ื™ืง ื“ืึธืก ื”ืึทืจืฅ, 

ืึธ, ืฐืœืึธื“ืึทืฐืขืจ ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ื -- ื•ื•ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืฆื• ืื™ื™ืš ื’ืœืฒึทืš? 
ื“ืขืจ ืจื‘ื™, ืขืจ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืจืึทื“ื–ื™ืŸ, ื“ืึธ ืฆื• ืืฒึทืš, 

ื“ืขืจ ื™ื•ื ื’ื™ื ืงืขืจ ืจื‘ื™, ืฉืึท... ืฉืึท ืคึผืชื—-ืฉื™ืŸ! 

ืžืขืŸ ื–ื•ื›ื˜ ืื™ื ื“ืขื ืจื‘ื™ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืงื•ืžื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืจืึทื“ื–ื™ืŸ {.ืŸ 


ืžืขืŸ ื–ื•ื›ื˜ ืื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืฐืœืึธื“ืึทืฐืข ืื•ื, ื™ืึธ, ืžืขืŸ ื–ื•ื›ื˜, 
ืื•ืŸ ื–ื•ื›ื ื“ื™ืง ื–ื™ื“ืœื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืื™ื ืื•ืŸ ืžืขืŸ ืคืœื•ื›ื˜, 
ื ื™ื˜ ืฉืจืขืงื˜ ืคืึทืจ ืึท ื”ื•ื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึท ื‘ื™ื™ื–ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื‘ื™ืœื˜, 
ืึท ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉ-- ื ื”ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคืึทืจ ืื™ื ื‘ืขืช ืขืจ ืฉื™ืœื˜! 
ืขืก ืจืฒึทืกืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉืŸ ืื™ืŸ "ืฉื˜ื™ื‘ืœ" ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ - 
ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืœื“ืข ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื™ืขืŸ: "ื“ืขืจ 'ืจึฐื‘ื™' ื–ืึธืœ ื–ืฒึทืŸ! 
ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ืœื™ืงืขืจ ืจื‘ื™... ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืื•ื™ืก - 
ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ืœืŸ ืื™ื ืฉื™ืกืŸ, ื“ืขื ื”ืฒืœื™ืงืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื–... 
ืื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื™ื“ ืึทื ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ืึทืœืข! ืฐื•ึผ ืื™ื– ืขืจ? ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืฐื•ึผ? 
ืืฒึทืš ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืœืขื‘ืŸ, ืืฒึทืš ืœืึธื–ื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ืจื•..." 
"ื ื™ื˜ืึธ ืื™ืŸ ืจืึทื“ื–ื™ืŸ ืื™ื, ื“ืขื ื’ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืŸ ืžืึทืŸ..." 
"ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืื™ื™ืš ื“ืึธ, ื‘ืฒึท ืืฒื™ืš ื“ืึธ ืคืึทืจืึทืŸ! 
ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ืจืึทื“ื–ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืœืึธื“ืึทืฐืข ืึทืฐืขืง..." 
ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ-- ื–ื™ ื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืœืฒืฆืขืก ืื™ืŸ ืฉืจืขืง: 
"ื ื™ื˜ืึธ ืื™ื ื“ืขื ืจื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฒึท ืื•ื ื“ื–, ืœื™ื‘ืข ืœืฒึทื˜, 
ื“ืขืจ ืจื‘ื™ ืื™ื– ื˜ืฑื˜, ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื˜ื•ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืฆืฒึทื˜ 
ืจ'ืื™ื– ืึทืœื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื–ืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ืึธ ืื™ื ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืžืขืจ.. " 
ื™ื™ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ืœืŸ ื“ืขื ื™ื•ื ื’ืŸ! ื“ืขื ื™ื•ื ื’ืŸ ืึทื”ืขืจ! 

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ื“ืขื ืจื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื™ื•ื ื’ืŸ, ืื™ืจ ื‘ืจืขื ื’ื˜ ืื™ื ืื•ื ื“ื– ื’ืœืฒึทืš 
ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืื™ืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืื™ื -- ื“ืขืจืฉื™ืกืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืื™ื™ืš!" 


ืื•ืŸ ืก'ื”ืขืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ื“ืขืจ ืขื•ืœื ื“ื™ ืฉืจืขืงืœืขื›ืข ืจื™ื“ 
ืื•ืŸ ืจื•ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ "ืฉื˜ื™ื‘ืœ" ืึทืจืฑืก ืฉื˜ื™ืœืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜ 

ืžืขืŸ ืœืึธื–ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืขืก ื›ึผืœื•ืžืจืฉื˜ ืึทืจืฑืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ 
ืื•ื™ืคื–ื•ื›ืŸ ืื™ื... ื“ืขื ืจืึทื“ื–ื™ื ืขืจ -- ืึธ ื’ืึธื˜! 

ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืึทืฐื™ื–ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื“ืึธ -- ืื•ืŸ 

ื’ืึธืจ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ ืคืึทืจืฉืฒื™ื ื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืžืœ ื“ื™ ื–ื•ืŸ 

ื“ื™ ืขืจื“ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจืคืจื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ื’ืขืงืœื™ื™ื“ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื’ืจื™ืŸ {... 
ื“ืขืจ ืจื‘ื™, ื“ืขืจ ืจื‘ื™ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธ ืคื•ืŸ ืจืึทื“ื–ื™ืŸ! 

ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ืขืœืขืš ืคึผืœืึทืคึผืœืขืŸ, ืคืจืฒึทื™-ืคืจื™ื™ืœืขืš ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึทืš, 
ืคื™ื™ื’ืขืœืขืš ืคึผื™ืคึผืกืŸ ืึทืจืึธืคึผ ืคื•ื ืขื ื“ืึทืš - 

ืฆื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉืขืจืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ืœืขืš ืคื™-ืคื™ ืื•ืŸ ืคื™-ืคื™!... 

ื“ืขืจ ืจื‘ื™! ื“ืขืจ ืจื‘ื™! ื“ืขืจ ืจื‘ื™ ืื™ื– ื”ื™! 

ื“ืขืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื–ืึธืœ ืœืขื‘ืŸ - ืขืจ ืฐื•ื™ื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื”ื•ื™ื– - 

ืึธ ืคื™ื™ื’ืขืœืขืš ืงืœื™ื™ื ื™ื ืงืข - ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืขืก ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืก! 

ืึธ, ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ืขืœืขืš ืœืฒึทื›ื˜ืข, ืึธ ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ืขืœืขืš ื”ืœ - 
ืคึผืœืึทืคึผืœื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ืขืœืขืš, ื–ืฉื•ืžื˜ ื ื™ื˜, ื”ืึทืœื˜ ืก'ืžื•ื™ืœืŸ.ืŸ 
ื’ืจืขื–ืขืœืขืš ื’ืจื™ื ืข -- ืคืึทืจื‘ืœื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืึทืจืฐืขืœืงื˜! 

ื–ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืžืœ -- ื ื™ื˜ ืฉืฒื™ืŸ ืึทื–ืฑ ื”ืขืœ! 

ื‘ื™ื– ืขืก ืฐืขื˜ ืžืฒึทื“ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืจืขืงืœืขื›ืข ืฉืขื” - 

ื–ืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืงืึธื ื˜ื™ืง ืึทื– ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธ ื“ืึธ... 


ืึธ, ื–ืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืงืึธื ื˜ื™ืง... ืื•ืŸ ืงืึธื ื˜ื™ืง ืื™ื– ืคืึธืจื˜! 
ืœืึธื–ื˜ ื—ืก-ื•ื—ืœื™ืœื”, ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืœืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฐืึธืจื˜, 

ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฐื•ึผื ืง ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ื’ ื ื™ื˜, ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึทืš ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืึทื ื˜, 
ืงื•ืงื˜ ืฉืฐืฒึทื’ื ื“ื™ืง ืฆื• ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ืžื˜ ืฐื™ ื“ื™ ืฐืึทื ื˜..ืŸ.ืŸ 
ืฐืœืึธื“ืึทืฐืข ืงืขืŸ, ื–ื™ ืงืขืŸ ื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ืึท ืกื•ื“... 


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ืฐื•ึผ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื‘ืึทื”ืึทืœื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ื’ืขื ืึธื“? 

ื–ื™ ืฉื•ื•ืขื‘ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืึทืกืŸ, ื–ื™ ืจืขื“ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ ืจื•ืคื˜ - 

ืžืขืŸ ื”ืขืจื˜ ื–ื™, ืžืขืŸ ื–ืขื˜ ื–ื™, ื–ื™ ื”ืขื ื’ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืœื•ืคื˜! 

ื–ื™ ื’ื™ืกื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ ืฐื™ ืึท ืฉืฒึทืŸ, 

ื–ื™ ื“ืจื™ื ื’ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืขืจืฆืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœืข ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ... 

ืขืก ื’ื™ืกื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืขืก ื“ืจื™ื ื’ื˜ ื˜ื™ืฃ ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืึทืจืฑืก 

ืึท ืœื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ื”ืฒืœื™ืง, ืึทืŸ ืื™ื™ื“ืœืงื™ื™ื˜ ื’ืจื•ืก - 
ืฐืœืึธื“ืึทืฐืข ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜-- ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืจืึทื“ื–ื™ืŸ! 
ืคึฟืึทืจืฉืžืขืงื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืึธื ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ืฐื•ึผ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ? 

ืงืขืŸ ืจื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ืื™ืŸ ืขืจื’ืขืฅ ืฐื•ึผ ื“ืขืŸ 

ืื•ืŸ ื’ืึธื˜ - ืขืจ ื–ืึธืœ ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ? 

ืฆื™ ืคึผืึทืœื˜ ืคึฟื•ื ืขื ื”ื™ืžืœ ืึท ืœื™ื›ื˜ ืึทืจืึธืคึผ ืคืจืฒึท 

ืื•ืŸ ื’ืึธืœื“ื™ืง ื“ื™ ื–ื•ืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื“ืึทืŸ ื“ืขืจื‘ื™ื™? 

ืขืก ืฉื•ื•ืขื‘ื˜ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืึท ืคืจื™ื™ื“ ืื•ื ืžื™ื˜ ืฉืจืขืง ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื’ืขืคึผืึธื• 
ืก'ืื™ื– ื“ืึทื›ื˜ (ื–ื™ืš} ื ื™ื˜ ืงืึธื ื˜ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ืงืึธื ื˜ื™ืง ืื™ื– ืคืึธืจื˜." 


ืก'ืื™ื– ืงืึธื ื˜ื™ืง ืฐื™ ืงืึธื ื˜ื™ืง ืก'ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืจื™! 
ื“ืขืจ ืจื‘ื™, ื“ืขืจ ืจื‘ื™, ื“ืขืจ ืจื‘ื™ ืื™ื– ื—ื™... 
ื“ืขืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื–ืึธืœ ืœืขื‘ืŸ, ืึท ื™ื•ื ื’ืขืจ ื ืึธืš ื’ืึธืจ 
ืึท ื“ืจืฒึทื™ืกื™ืงืขืจ, ืจื™ื™ืŸ ืฐื•ื™ ืึท ืงื™ื ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื™ืึธืจ. 
ื‘ืŸ-ืฉื ื” - ืึท ื™ืึธืจ ืึทืœื˜ ืื™ื– ืฉืื•ืœ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ 
ืฐืขืจื ื“ื™ืง ืžืœืš-- ืžืึทื›ื˜ ืจืฉื™: ืึท ื‘ึถืŸ 
ืฉืœืฉื™ื ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื–ืŸ ืื™ื– ืฉืื•ืœ ื“ืึทืŸ, ื ืึธืจ 
ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืชึผืžื™ืžื•ืช, ืื™ื– ื•ื™ ื‘ืฒึท ืึท ืงื™ื ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื™ืึธืจ. 
ืึทื–ืฑ ืฐื™ ื“ืขืจ ืžืœืš - ื“ืขืจ ืจื‘ื™ ืึทื–ืฑ: 
ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืฐื™ ื˜ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ, ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธืคึผ ืคื•ืœ ืžื™ื˜ ื˜ื•ื™, 
ืื•ืŸ ื’ื•ื˜ ืฐื™ ืึท ืงื™ื ื“, ืฐื™ ืึท ืงื™ื ื“ ืึทื–ืฑ ืจื™ื™ืŸ, 
| ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจื‘ื™ ืึทืœื™ืŸ, 
ืคืึทืจืฉืžืขืงื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฐืœืึธื“ืึทืฐืข ืคื•ืŸ ืขืง ื‘ื™ื–ืŸ ืขืง, 
ืฐืœืึธื“ืึทืฐื•ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืึธื‘ื•ืช ืคืึทืจืฉืžืขืงื˜, 
ืžื™ื˜ ืžืฉื” ื•ืึทื”ืจืŸ, ืžื™ื˜ ื”ื™ื™ืœื™ืงืข ืœืฒึทื˜ 

8 


ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืžืึธืœ, ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ืคืึทืจื’ืขืกืขื ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜, 
ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืึทื˜ืข ื–ืฆ"ืœ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื–ื™ื™ื“ืข - ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืš 

ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืชึผื›ืœืช ืฆื™ื˜ ื ืึธืš ื–ื™ืš ื ืึธืš ืื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื•ื™ืš, 
ืึธ, ืึธืจื—ื•ืช-ื—ื™ื™ื, ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืคืึธื“ืขื ื‘ืœื•ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ 

ื•ื•'ืึท ื–ื•ื ืฉื˜ืจืึทืœ ืคืึทืจื•ื•ื™ืงืœื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ืึทื ืฆืขื ืข ืฉื˜ืึธื˜. 


ืขืก ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืึทืœืข ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜, ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก, 
ืขืก ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื“ืขื ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืกืŸ,} 
ืคื™ื™ื’ืขืœืขืš ืคึผื™ืกืคึผืกืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื ืึธืจ ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ืœื˜, 

ื ืึธืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืจื‘ื™ืŸ... ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ืขืœืขืš ืงื™ืœ 
ื‘ืœืึธื ื“ื–ืฉืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึทืกืŸ, ืึทืจืฑืก ืื•ืŸ ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ - 

ื•ื•ื™ืœืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืืฒื™ืŸ... 

ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ืขืœืขืš ืงื•ืžืขืŸ, ืฆืขืจื™ื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ -- 

ืึทืœืฅ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืื™ืจ, ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืึทืœืฅ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื ื•ื™ 
ืฐืึธืก ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืžืขืŸ ื˜ืึธืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืฐืึธืก ืžืขืŸ ื˜ืึธืจ - 
ื“ืขืจืฐื•ืฒึทืœ ืฐื•ื™ื ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื“ืึธ ืงื ืึทืคึผืข ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื™ืึธืจ 
ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืœืึธื“ืึทืฐืข ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจืคื•ืŸ, 

ื ืึธืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคื™ื™ื’ืœ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื•ืŸ.. 

ื–ื™ื™ ืคืจื™ื™ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึทืœืข ืื•ืŸ ืฉืฐืฒึทื™ื’ืŸ ืคืึทืจ ืคืจื™ื™ื“, 

ื‘ืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื–ื™ืš, ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืขื ื˜ืฉื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ืœืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜, 

ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™, ืึทืœืข ื–ึตื™ื™ 

ืคื•ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืฐื•ื™ื ื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ ื™ืึธืจืŸ ื‘ืึทืœื“ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™, 

ื“ืขืจ ืจื‘ื™ ืฐืึธืก ืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคืึทืจ ืฐืœืึธื“ืึทืฐืข ืืฒื™ืŸ, 

ื•ื™ ืขืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื›ึผืœ-ื™ืžื™ื• ืื™ืŸ ืฐืœืึธื“ืึทืฐืข ื–ืฒึทืŸ..ืŸ.ืŸ 
ืึทืœืฅ ืœื•ื™ื‘ื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ืœ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ, ืึทืœืฅ ืœืขื‘ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื–ื›ื•ืช 
ืžืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจ ืงื™ื™ื ืขื ื‘ืึทืฐื•ึผืกื˜, 


ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื™ืึธืจ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจ, ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื™ืึธืจ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื›ึผืžืขื˜-- 
ืจืึทื“ื–ื™ืŸ ื ืขื‘ืขืš ืฐื™ืกื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึทืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืง ื’ืขื”ืึทื˜, 


669 


ืื•ืŸ ืฐืœืึธื“ืึทืฐืข, ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึท ื’ืœื™ืง ื‘ืึทืฉืขืจื˜ ื’ืึธืจ! 

ื“ืขืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื”ืึทืœื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืงื ืึทืคึผืข ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื™ืึธืจ! 

ืคึผืฑืœืŸ ืฆืขื‘ืจืึธื›ืŸ, ืคืึทืจื ื™ื›ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฐื•ื™ืกื˜, 

ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืฒึทื ื˜ ืึท ืจื•ืฆื— ืขืจ ืจื•ื™ื‘ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืฉื™ืกื˜, 

ื“ื™ ืงื•ื™ืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธืคืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืฐืœืึธื“ืึทืฐืข ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ 

ืขืจ ืคึผืฒึทื ื™ืงื˜ ืคึผืึธืœื™ืึทืงืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ื ืึธืš ืžืขืจ, 

ื•ื•ืขืจ ืื•ืžืฉื•ืœื“ื™ืง ืžืขืจ ืื™ื– -- ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืขืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜, 

ืื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก, ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื“ืขืจ {ืขืœื ื˜} ืื•ืŸ ืฉืจืขืงืœืขืš ื“ื™ ื ื•ื™ื˜... 
ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ืื™ื– ืึท ืคึผื—ื“, ืึท ืžื•ืจื ืฆื• ื–ืฒึทืŸ - 

ืžืขืŸ ื“ืจื™ื ื’ื˜ ื˜ื™ืฃ ืื™ืŸ ืงืึทืžืขืจืก, ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœืงืขืจืก ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ 

ื‘ืฒึท ื˜ืึธื’ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืฒึท ื ืึทื›ื˜, ืคื•ืŸ ืคืจื™ืžืึธืจื’ืŸ ื‘ื™ื– ืฉืคึผืขื˜ 

ืžืขืŸ ืจืฒึทืกื˜ ืคื•ื ืขื ืฉืœืึธืฃ ืื•ื™ืฃ, ืžืขืŸ ืฉืœืฒึทื“ืขืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื˜, 
ื‘ืึทืฐืฒึทื–ื˜ ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึทืก ื–ื™ืš - ืขืจ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืฆ'ืจื™ืง! 
ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึทืจื‘ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืฑื˜ ืฐืขืจ -- ืึทืš, ืฐืึธืก ืคืึทืจ ืึท ื’ืœื™ืง! 
ืื•ืŸ ืฉืฐืึทืจืฆืข ื“ื™ ื ืขื›ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืš ืฉืฐืึทืจืฆืขืจ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขื’, 

ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืก ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืŸืก} ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืข ื“ื™ ืฉืจืขืง, 
ืฐืœืึธื“ืึทืฐื•ืข ืึธื‘ืขืจ-- ื–ื™ ื˜ืจื™ื™ืกื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืฉืžืึทืš: 

ื“ืขืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื–ืึธืœ ืœืขื‘ืŸ -- ืขืจ ื”ืึทืœื˜ ื‘ืฒึท ืื™ืจ ืฐืึทืš. 


ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืฐืึทืš... ืึทืš, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื™ื’ื ื˜ืœืขืš ืงืขืŸ 
ืึท ืจื‘ื™ ืคืึทืจื”ื™ื˜ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจื–ืขืŸ? 

ืึท ื”ืฒืœื™ืงืขืจ ืžืึทืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืงืขืŸ ื˜ืึธืŸ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ื”ืขืจืฉื˜ 

ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืจืฑื‘ืขืจืคืึธืœืง ืžื™ืื•ืก ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืœื˜ื™ืงื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื”ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ?} 
ืฐืึธืก ื”ืขืœืคื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ, ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึธื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืจืึทื“ื–ื™ืŸืŸ?} 
ืึทื– ืื•ื ื“ื– ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืึทืจื•ื•ืขื‘ื˜ ืขื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจ ืึท ืฉืคึผื™ืŸ. 

ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืคึฟืึทืจื•ื•ืขื‘ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจืงืœืขืคึผื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืžืึทื›ื˜... 
ืึธ ืจื‘ื™, ืฐืึธืก ืงื•ืžื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืึทืจืฑืก ืฐืึธืก ื“ื• ืฐืึทื›ืกื˜? 

ืฐืึธืก ืงื•ืžื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืึทืจืฑืก ืฐืึธืก ื“ื• ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืกื˜ ื“ืฒึทื ืข ื”ืขื ื˜ 
ืฆื• ื”ื™ืžืœืขืŸ ืฆื• ื”ื•ื™ื›ืข, ืฆื• ืฐืฒึทื˜ืข ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื ื“ื˜? 

ื–ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉืœืึธืกืŸ ืคืึทืจ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืฐื™ ื“ื™ ืขืจื“ - 

ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืœื™ืคึผ, ืจื‘ึผื™, ืฆื™ื˜ืขืจื˜, ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืื•ื™ื’ ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจื˜ืจืขืจื˜... 


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ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืขืก ืžืชืคึผืœืœ ืคืึทืจ ืื•ื ื“ื–, ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ืžืึทืŸ? 

ืฆื™ ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ืึท ืจืขื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคืึทืจ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื“ืึธ ืคืึทืจืึทืŸ? 

ืฆื™ ืงืขื ืกื˜ื• ื“ื™ ืคึผืฒึทืŸ ื ื™ื˜? ืื•ืŸ ื–ืขืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื ื•ื™ื˜? 

ื“ื™ ืึทืœื˜ืข ื“ืขืจื”ืจื’ืขื˜, ื“ื™ ื™ื•ื ื’ืข, ื’ืขื˜ื•ื™ื˜... 

ืžื™ืจ ืึทืœืข ืคืึทืจืžืฉืคึผื˜ ืฆื•ื ืื•ืžืงื•ื ืคื•ืŸ ืคืฒื™ื ื˜, 

ืขืก ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื ืึธืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืจ ืžืึธืจื’ืŸ, ืฐืขืจ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜.., 
ืฐืึทื›ืกื˜ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืœื™ื‘ืข ืื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื’ื•ื ืกื˜ 
ืฐืึธืก ื”ืขืœืคื˜ ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ืึทืš, ืฐืึธืก ื“ื• ืฐืึทื›ืกื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื ื“ื–? 


ื™ื. 


ืฐืึธืก ื”ืขืœืคื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–, ืึธ ืจื‘ื™, ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืฐืึทืš! 
ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ืึธ ืงื ืึทืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืกืš, 

ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืฐื™ ื’ืึธืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ืขืŸ - 

ืื•ืŸ ื’ืึธื˜, ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื’ืึธื˜ -- ื•ื™ ืขืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ... 

ื•ื™ ืขืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜, ืฐื•ื™ ืขืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜-- 
ืœื™ื™ื“ื™ืง ื“ื™ ื’ืึทืกืŸ, ื“ื™ ืฐื•ื™ื ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคึผื•ืกื˜, 

ืžืขืŸ ื–ืขื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืึทืœื˜ืŸ, ืžืขืŸ ื”ืขืจื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ืŸ,} 
ืขืก ืจืฒึทืกื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืึธืคึผืขื ืข ื˜ื™ืจืŸ ืึท ื•ื™ื ื˜ืŸ,ืŸ 

ื–ื™ ืขืค'ื ืขืŸ ืึทืœื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ืžืึทื›ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• - 

ืฐื•ึผ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ? ืึธ, ืคืจืขื’ื˜ ืžื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืฐื•ึผ... 

ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ืจืŸ -- ื–ื™ื™ ืขืคืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ื™ืš ืึทืœืฒืŸ โ€ - 

ื ื™ื˜ืึธ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืž'ื”ืขืจื˜ ืึท ื’ืขืฐื™ื™ืŸ! 

ืžืขืŸ ื”ืขืจื˜ ืึท ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืžืขืŸ ื–ืขื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืขืจ - 

ืึท ื˜ืจืขืจ ืึท ื‘ืึทื”ืึทืœื˜ืขื ืข ืขื’ื‘ืขืจื˜ ื ืึธืš ืžืขืจ! - 

ื•ื•ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ื ื˜ืึธื’ ืื•ืŸ ื ืึทื›ื˜ืŸ?ืŸ 
ืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืš ื–ื™ ืึทืœืขืžืขืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืื•ืžื’ืขื‘ืจืึทื›ื˜ืŸ?ืŸ 

ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฆืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ืœ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ืขืจ ืจืฒึทืกื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืœื“ ืึทืจืฑืก ื–ื™ืš, ืึทืจืฑืก ืื•ืŸ ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ... 

ืขืจ ืจืฒึทืกื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึทืจืฑืก ืื•ืŸ ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ื”ืึทืกื˜.., 

ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืึทืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ืŸ, ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึทืก.., 


11 


ื™ื‘. 


ืึธ ืจื‘ื™, ื“ื• ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื•ืึทืš-- ืก'ืื™ื– ืื•ืžื–ื™ืกื˜ 
ืคืึทืจื™ืชื•ืžื˜ ืžืฒึทื™ืŸ ื’ืขืกืœ, ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฆืขืœื˜ ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจืฐื•ื™ืกื˜... 
ืžืขืŸ ื–ืขื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ื‘ืฒึท ืžื™ืจ, ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“, 
ืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืึทืฐืขืงื’ืขืฉื™ืงื˜ ื‘ืœื™ื ื“! 

ืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ืš ืึทืฐืขืงื’ืขืฉื™ืงื˜ ื ืึทืงืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึทืก, 

ืื™ืŸ ืžืึทืจืง ืžื™ืš ื“ืขืจืฉืึธืกืŸ, ืคืึทืจื’ื™ืคื˜ ืžื™ืš ื•ึทืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื’ืึทื–, 
ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื“ืขืจ, ืื™ืŸ ืคืขืœื“ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืฐื•ื™ืกื˜ืข ืคืึทืจืคื™ืจื˜ืŸ,ืŸ 
ื’ืขืคึผืึทืงื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืคึผืจืึธืคึผื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทื’ืึธื ืขืก ืคึผืœืึธืžื‘ื™ืจื˜, 
ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขื ื’ืขืงืฐืขื˜ืฉื˜ ืžื™ืš ืฐื™ ืงืขืคึผืœืขืš, ืฐื™ ืงืจืฑื˜ - 
ืคึผืœืึธืžื‘ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจื—ืชืžืขื˜, ื’ืขื—ืชืžืขื˜ ืฆื•ื ื˜ื•ื™ื˜, 
ืึทืœื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ ื™ื•ื ื’ืข ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขื ื’ืขืคึผืึธืจื˜ - 

ื”ืขื™, ืžืึทื›ื˜ ืึท ืฐืึทืจืข, ื“ืขืจ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ื ืฆื•ื’ ืคืึธืจื˜! 

ืื•ืŸ ื–ืขื˜ ืึท ืฐืึธืงื–ืึทืœ ืขืจ - ืขืจ ืœื•ื™ืคื˜ ืื™ื ืคืึทืจื‘ืฒึท - 
ืขืจ ืœื•ื™ืคื˜ ืึท ืคืึทืจืžืึทื›ื˜ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืคืขืœื“ ืึทืจืฒึทื™ืŸ ืคืจืฒึท { } 
ืขืจ ืคืึธืจื˜ ืึธืŸ ืึทืŸ ืึธืคึผื”ืึทืœื˜, ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืึธืคึผ 
ืก'ืฉื˜ืฒึทื’ื˜ ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืึทืจืฑืฃ ื ื™ื˜, ืก'ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืึทืจืึธืค... 
ืฐื•ึผ ืคืึธืจื˜ ืื™ืจ, ืฐืึทื’ืึธื ืขืŸ? ืึธ ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืฐื•ึผ ืึทื”ื™ืŸ? 

"ืฆื•ื ืื•ืžืงื•ื! ืฆื•ื ืื•ืžืงื•ื! ืึธืŸ ืžืฉืคึผื˜, ืึธืŸ ื“ื™ืŸ... 
ืœื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ืœื™ืช ื“ื™ื™ืŸ!" ืฐื•ืขืจ ืงืœืึทืคึผื˜ ืึทื–ืฑ ืงืœื•ื’? 

ืฆื™ ืงืœืึทืคึผื˜ ืขืก ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื’ ืื•ื™ืก? ืฆื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื’? 


ื™ื’. 


ื“ืขืจ ืจื‘ื™, ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืฐืึทืš ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ื”ื™ื˜ - 
ืื•ืŸ ืจื•ื™ืง ื“ื™ ื‘ืœื™ืงืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื˜ืจื™ื˜, 

ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืึทื–ืฑ ื™ื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ืฉื˜ืึทืจืง ืฐื™ ืึท ืจื™ื– - 

ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืึทื–ืฑ ื’ืœืฑื‘ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ืคืจื•ื ื•ื™ ืขืจ ืื™ื–! 

ืึธ ืจื‘ื™, ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ื“ืึธืš -- ื ื™ื˜ ืจื•ื™ึดืง, ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก - 

ืขืก ืฉืœืึธื’ื˜ ื“ืึธืš ืึทืจืฑืก ื“ื™ืจ ืึท ืงืึทืœื˜ืขืจ ืึท ืฉื•ื•ื™ื™ืก... 
ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ื“ืึธืš ื ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ, ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืขืก ื ื™ื˜, ื ื™ื™ืŸ! 
ืฐืึธืก ืงื•ืงืกื˜ื• ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื ื™ืขื“ืข ืฐืฒึทืœืข ื‘ืฒึทื ื’ื™ื™ืŸ? 


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ืื•ืŸ ื™ื•ื ื’ ื‘ื™ืกื˜ื• ืื•ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜, ื ื™ื˜ ื™ื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืฉื˜ืึทืจืง, 
ื’ืขืจื•ื ืฆืœื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ, ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงืึทืจืง, 

ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืึทื˜ืข, ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื–ื™ื™ื“ืข -- ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื–ื™ื™ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก 
ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ืงื‘ืจื™ื ืึทืจืฑืก, 

ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืึทืฐืขืง ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ืจ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืจื™ื™ - 

ืึธ, ื™ื•ื ื’ื™ื ืงืขืจ ืจื‘ื™, ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืขืœื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™! 

ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื–ื™ื™ื“ืข, ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ืคึผืชื™ืœ-ืชึผื›ืœืช ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื‘ื˜... 
ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืึทื˜ืข -- ืฆื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื“ืขืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืœืขื‘ื˜, 

ืฆื™ ืคืึธืจื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืฆื™ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ื•ื•ืขืŸ 

ืฆื• ื“ืขื ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื–ื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืจ'ืขืจื“ ื“ืึธ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ? 
ืึท ืฉื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ืœืฒึทื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืงืึทืœื˜. 
ืึธ, ื™ื•ื ื’ ืึทื–ื•ึนื™, ืจื‘ื™, ืื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืึทื–ืฑ ืึทืœื˜!... 


ื™ื“. 


ืึธ ื”ื™ืฒืœื™ืงืขืจ ืจื‘ื™, ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืจื•ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึทื›ืกื˜ - 

ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ื“ืึธืš ื ื™ื˜ ืจื•ื™ึดืง! ื“ื• ืžืึทื›ืกื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ืึธืจ, ืžืึทื›ืกื˜ 
ืึทื–ืฑ ืฐื™ ื“ื• ืฐืึธืœื˜ืกื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืจื•ื™ืง ื‘ื™ื– ื’ืึธืจ 

ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ... ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ื“ืึธืš ื ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ, ื ื™ื˜ ืฐืึธืจ! 

ืื•ืŸ ื™ื•ื ื’ ื‘ื™ืกื˜ื• ืื•ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึทืจืง ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืš, 
ื“ื• ื”ื•ื™ื‘ืกื˜ ื“ืฒึทื ืข ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ, ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื•ื™ืš - 

ื“ื• ื’ืœื•ื™ื‘ืกื˜ ื ืึธืš... ืฆื• ื•ื•ืขืžืขืŸ, ื–ืึธื’, ื”ื•ื™ื‘ืกื˜ื• ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜? 
ืคืึทืจื‘ืจืขืš ื–ื™ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืฆืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืึทื˜ืฉ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืœืขื ื“! 
ืจืฒึทืก ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ืคืœื•ื ื’ ื“ื™ ื”ืึธืจ ื–ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ, 

ืœืึธื– ื“ืฒึทื ืข ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ, ื“ื™ ืคืฒื™ื›ื˜ืข, ืึทืจืึธืคึผ... 

ืึธ, ื’ืœืฑื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ืจื‘ื™, ื“ื• ื’ืœื•ื™ื‘ืกื˜ ื“ืึธืš ื ื™ื˜ ืžืขืจ! 

ืฐืฒึทื– ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ื”ื™ืžืœ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื–ื•ื“ื™ืงืข ื˜ืจืขืจ... 

ื ื™ื˜ ืขืคืŸ ืคืึทืจ ืื™ื ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืฆืขืฐืฒื™ื˜ืึธื’ื˜ืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฅ - 

ืื•ืŸ ืฐืฒึทื– ื ื™ื˜ ืึทื ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ื˜ื™ืฃ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืœื•ื™ื‘ืŸ, ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืžืึทืจืฅ... 
ื–ืฒึท ืžืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืžืชืคึผืœืœ... ืื™ืŸ ืฉืฐืฒึทื’ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ื•ื - 

ืึธ, ืคืจื•ืžืขืจ ืจืึทื“ื–ื™ื ืขืจ, ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ื“ืึธืš ื ื™ื˜ ืคืจื•ื! 

ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ืื™ื, ื“ืขื ืื™ื™ื‘ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ื“ืฒึทื ืขื, ื ืึธืจ ืœื™ื‘ 
ืคืึทืจื’ื™ื‘ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื’ื•ื˜ืกืงื™ื™ื˜, ืคืึทืจื’ื™ื‘ ืื™ื, ืคืึทืจื’ื™ื‘!... 


673 


ืขืจ ืงื•ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ื ืื•ืžืงื•ื ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึธืœืง ื–ืฒึทื ืขื ืฆื• - 
ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ืื•ืžื‘ืึทื”ืึธืœืคืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืžืึทื›ื˜ืœืึธื– ื•ื™ ื“ื•... 


ืกื•. 


ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืฐืึทืš... ืื•ื‘ ื ื™ื˜ ืขืจ -- ื–ืึธื’, ืฐืขืจ 
ืฐื•ืขื˜ ืขืก ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจืขืจ ื ืึทื›ื˜, ื‘ืฒึท ื“ืขื ืกื˜ืขืจ? 
ืคื•ืŸ ืฆืขื‘ืจืึธื›ืขื ืขื ืฉื™ืฃ? ืื•ื‘ ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜-- ื˜ืึธ ื–ืึธื’, 
ื•ื•ืขืจ ื ืึธืš ืฐืฑ ืขืจ, ื“ืขืจ ืจืึทื“ื–ื™ื ืขืจ, ืคืึทืจืžืึธื’ื˜ 

ืึท ื›ึนึผื— ืžื™ื˜ ืึธืคึผืขื ืข ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืฆื• ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, 

ื“ืขื ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืึทื ื’ ื–ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืฆื•ื’ื™ื™ืŸ? 

ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืฃ - ื–ื™ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ, ืขืจ ื–ืขื˜ ืขืก, ืขืจ ื–ืขื˜ - 
ืจื‘ื™, ืึธ ืจืึทื˜ืขืฐืข ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ื‘ืจืขื˜... 

ืึท ื‘ืจืขื˜ืขืœืข, ื–ืข ื ืึธืจ, ืฉื•ื•ื™ืžื˜ ืœืฒึทื›ื˜ ืฆื• ืฆื• ื“ื™ืจ - 
ื›ืึทืคึผ ืึธืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืŸ ื‘ืจืขื˜, ืฉื•ื•ื™ื ืื•ืŸ ืคืจืขื’ ื ื™ื˜ ืึทืฐื•ึผ? 
ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœ-- ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืึท ื•ื•ื™ืœื“ืข, ืึธืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ ืื•ืŸ ืึธืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื’ - 
ืฐืขื˜ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ื“ื™ืš ืคื™ืจืŸ ืฆื• ืขืจื’ืขืฅ ืึท ื‘ืจืขื’, 

ื“ื• ื–ืขืฅ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื‘ืจืขื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึทืฐืขืง ืื•ืŸ ืึทื ื˜ืœืฑืฃ, 

ืžืขืŸ ื ืขืžื˜ ืฐื•ึผ ื“ื• ืงื•ืžืกื˜ ื ืึธืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื›ึผื‘ื•ื“ ื“ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืฃ! 
ืžืขืŸ ืฐืขื˜ ื“ื™ืš ื‘ืึทื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ืฐื™ ืžืขืŸ ื‘ืึทื”ืึทืœื˜ 

ื“ื™ ื”ืฒื™ืœื™ืงืข ืชึผื•ืจื” -- ืื™ ื”ืฒื™ืœื™ืง, ืื™ ืึทืœื˜... 

ืึธ ืจื‘ื™, ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืขืœื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืœื™ืงืขืจ ื“ืึธืš! 

ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ืชึผื•ืจื” ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืขืคึผืขืก ื ืึธืš... 

ื“ื™ ืชึผื•ืจื” ืื™ื– ื’ืฐืึทืœื“ื™ืง, ืึท ื™ื™ึทื“ ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ืžืขืจ! 

ืึธ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ ื ื™ื˜, ืจืึทื“ื–ื™ื ืขืจ, ื ื™ื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ ื™ืขืฆื˜ ื‘ืฒึทื ืกื˜ืขืจ. 
1842 


ื˜ื–, 


ืื™ืš ืฉื˜ื™ื™... ื™ืึธ, ืื™ืš ืฉื˜ื™ื™... ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื“ืึธ ื’ืขืœืึทื›ื˜ - 
ืฐืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืก ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืึทื– ืื™ืš ืฉื˜ื™ื™ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืฐืึทืš?... 
ืฐืขืจ ืœืึทื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืจืึทื“ื–ื™ื ืขืจ, ืคื•ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ืŸ? ืึธ ืฐืขืจ! 

ืฐืขืจ ืœืึทื›ื˜ ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืœืึธื–ื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ืœ ื‘ืฒึทื ืœืึทื›ืŸ ืึท ื˜ืจืขืจ? 


674 


ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึท ื’ืขืœืขื›ื˜ืขืจ ื’ืขืžื™ืฉื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ืŸ - 

ืึทืœืฒืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจืึทื“ื–ื™ื ืขืจ, ื“ืขืจ ืจื‘ื™ ืึทืœืฒืŸ 

ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืก ื’ืขืœืึทื›ื˜, ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ื•ืจืœ ื’ืขืœืึทื›ื˜ืŸ:ืŸ 
ื‘ืึทื”ืึทืœื˜ืขื ืขืจื”ืฒื˜ ื“ืึธ ืฆื• ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืฐืึทืš, 
ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืฒึทืœืŸ ื“ื™ ืคื•ื™ืกื˜ืŸ ื‘ืึทื”ืึทืœื˜ืขื ืขืจื”ืฒื˜ - 

ืขืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื“ืึธืš ื’ืขืฆื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืึท ืฉื•ื•ืขืจื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืฉื™ื™ื“, 
ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทื”ืขืœื˜ืขื ื™ืฉ ื“ืึธ, ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื–ื™ื™, ืขืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ 
ื‘ืึทืฆืึธืœื˜ ื“ื™ ืจืฉืขื™ื, ื“ื™ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉืŸ ื‘ืึทืฆืึธืœื˜... 

ืขืจ ื‘ืฒึทืœื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืคื•ื™ืกื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืงืจื™ืฆื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื™ืŸ โ€ - 
ืฐืขืจ ืœืึทื›ื˜ ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ื“ืึธ? ื“ืขืจ ืจื‘ื™ ืึทืœื™ื™ืŸ... 
ืขืจ ื’ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทื”ืขืœื˜ืขื ื™ืฉ ื–ื™ืš ืึท ื“ืขืจืžืึธืŸ: 

ื“ืึธ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ ืื™ืš ื‘ืฒึทื ืกื˜ืขืจ -- ืื•ืŸ ืึท ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ... 
ื“ืึธ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ ืื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื˜, ื“ืึธ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ ืื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึทืš? 
ื“ืขืจ ืจื‘ื™! ื“ืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจ ืจื‘ื™ ืฆืขืœืึทื›ื˜, 

ืื•ืŸ ืœืึธื–ื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ืœ ืึท ื˜ืจืขืจ ื“ืขืจื‘ืฒื™ ื”ื™ื™ืก ื“ืึธืจื˜ - ืึธ, ืคึผืฒึทืŸ! 
ืึทื–ืฑ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ... ืื•ืŸ ืึทื–ืฑ ืื•ืžื‘ืึทื”ืึธืœืคืŸ ืฆื• ื–ืฒื™ืŸ! 


ื™ืŸ, 


ืขืก ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ื“ืึธ ืึธืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืŸ, 

ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ ืึทื”ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึทื ืขืŸ ืึทื”ื™ืŸ... 
ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ืฐืึธืก ืฐืึทืจืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืงืขืœื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืฅ, 
ืขืก ืคืึทืœื˜ ื•ื™ ืึท ื“ื•ื ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื ืฒึทื™ื“ื˜ ืฐื™ ืึท ื‘ืœื™ืฅ, 
ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืŸ! ื“ื™ ื’ืขืงืจื•ื™ื ื˜ืข, ื“ื™ ืขื™ืจ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื, 

ื“ื™ ืึทืœื˜ืข, ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืฒึทืข, ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ื”ื™ื™ื, 

ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ืคื•ื ืขื "ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ", ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช-ื“ืคื•ืก, 
ื™ืขื˜ื•ื•ืขื“ืข ื’ืžืจื ื’ื™ื˜ ืึธืคึผ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืึท ื’ืจื•ืก, 

ื“ืขืจ ืจื™ื—-ื ื™ื—ื•ื— ื“ืขืจื’ื™ื™ื˜ ื“ืึธืš ื‘ื™ื– ืฐืฒึทื˜, 

ื“ื™ ืึทืœื˜ืข ื“ื™ ืชึผื•ืจื” -- ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ ื‘ืึทื ืฒึทื˜! 
ื“ื™ ืึทืœื˜ืข ื“ื™ ืชึผื•ืจื” ืื•ืŸ ื ืฒึท ื“ืขืจ ืœื‘ื•ืฉ... 

ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืงื˜ ืึท ื›ึผืœื” ื“ื™ืจ ืฆื• ืื•ืŸ ื“ื• ืงื•ืฉ! 

ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืกื™ื ื™ ืคืึทืจืงื•ืงื˜, 
ืฉื™ืงื˜ ืึทืœื˜ ื“ื™ืจ ื“ืขื ืกืคืจ ืื•ืŸ ื ืฒึท ื“ื™ืจ ื“ืขื ื“ืจื•ืง. 


675 


ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืŸ! ืึทืš, ืขืก ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ื™ืขืฆื˜ ืึธืŸ - 

ืฆื•ื ืจื‘ื™ืŸ... ืฐืึธืก ื˜ื•ื˜ ืžืขืŸ? ืฐืึธืก ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืึธืŸ ื˜ืึธืŸ? 
ืขืก ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช: ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืคืึทืจืœืขื ื“ื˜! 

ื“ืขืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจื‘ืจืขื›ื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื”ืขื ื˜. 
ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืŸ, ื“ื™ ืึทืœื˜ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข, ื”ื™ื™ืœื™ืงืข ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ - 

ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืŸ -- ื–ื™ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ... ืึธ, ืจืึทื˜ืขืฐืข, ื’ืึธื˜! 


ื™ื—. 


ืขืก ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช - ืขืก ื’ืœื™ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื“ืึธืก ื‘ืœื•ื˜ - 

ืฐืึธืก ื˜ื•ื˜ ืžืขืŸ? ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืึทืœืฒื™ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืžืขืŸ ื˜ื•ื˜... 
ื“ืขืจ ืจื‘ื™, ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืฉื˜ืึทืจ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื ืงืœ ืื•ืŸ ื”ืขืจื˜ 
ืฐืึธืก ืคื•ืŸ ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜, 

ืฐืึธืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจืข ืžืขืŸ ืžืึทื›ื˜ - 

ื“ืขืจ ืจื‘ื™! ื“ืขืจ ืจื‘ื™! ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืฐืึทืš... 

ืขืก ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืจื‘ื™, ืขืจ ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœื˜ ื ืึธืš ืึทืœืฅืŸ} 

ื“ืขืจ ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœ ืื™ื– ื‘ื™ื˜ืขืจ, ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืขืจ ืื™ื– ื•ื™ ื–ืึทืœืฅ, 

ื–ื™ ืงืึทืคึผืขื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืงืึทืคึผืขื˜-- ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื, 

ื–ื™ ื’ื ื‘ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ื’ ื–ื™ืš ืึทืจืฑืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืจืขื, 

ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืจืขื ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื‘ืึทืง, ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทืง ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืึธืจื“ - 

ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืึท ืคืึทืจื’ืœื™ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ, ืฉื˜ืฒึทืฃ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืึธืจื˜ 
ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืœื•ืฆืœื™ื ื’ - ื“ืขืจ ืจื‘ื™ ืฉืจืฒึทื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ืŸ: 
ืจื‘ื•ื ื•ื™ืฉืœ-ืขื•ืœื, ืื™ืš ืฉื˜ื™ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ืึทืœืฒืŸ! 

ืžื™ืจ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืš ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืฐืึทืš ื“ืึธ... ืื•ื™ืš ื“ื• 
ืงื•ืงืกื˜ ืฆื• ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืฒึทื˜ื ืก ื ืึธืจ ืฆื•... 

ืื•ื™ืš ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ื‘ืึทื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ื•ื™ ืื™ืš ื“ืึธ... ืงื•ืงืกื˜ ืึธืŸ - 
ืื•ืŸ ืงืขื ืกื˜ ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ื•ื™ ืื™ืš ืคืึทืจ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืคืึธืœืง ื’ืึธืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื˜ืึธืŸ!... 
ืื™ืš ืฐืึทืš ื ื™ื˜ ืึทืœื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืึธ ืฆืขืฐื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขื ื˜ - 

ื“ื• ืื•ื™ืš... ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจื‘ื™ ืคืึทืจื‘ืจืขื›ื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื”ืขื ื˜. 


ื™ื˜. 
ืจื‘ื•ื ื•ื™ืฉืœ-ืขื•ืœื, ืฐืึธืก ื˜ื•ื˜ ืžืขืŸ? ืขืจ ืคืจืขื’ื˜ 
ืื•ืŸ ืงื•ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ืคืœ ืึทืจื•ื ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉืจืขืง, 


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ืฐืึธืก ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืขืจ ื“ืขื ืงืึธืคึผ ืขืจ ืฆื•ื ืื™ื™ื‘ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืš? 

ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ื– ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื ื“ืึธ ื‘ืึทื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ... ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืš 

ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืึทืจื‘ืจืึธื›ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ, ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฆืขืจ - 

ื“ืขืจ ืจื‘ื™ ืงื•ืงื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ืึทืจื•ื ื–ื™ืš... ืงื•ืงื˜ ืฉื˜ืึทืจ, 

ืื•ืŸ ืฉืคึผืจื™ื ื’ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืึธืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื•ืŸ ื›ืึทืคึผื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืฒึทื ืงืึธืคึผ -- 
ืจ'ืื™ื– ื“ืึธ, ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ ืžื™ืจ ื“ืึธ! ืขืจ ื”ื™ื˜ ืžื™ืš ื“ืึธ ืึธืคึผื•ืŸ 

ื“ื• ืจืึทื˜ืขืฐืขืกื˜ ืžื™ืš ื’ืึธืจ?! ืึธ, ื’ืึธื˜ืขื ื™ื• ื’ืจื•ื™ืก, = . 

ืขืจ ืœื•ื™ืคื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ืขืคื ื˜ ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ: ืึทืจืฑืกืŸ!ืŸ 

ื’ื™ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืŸ!... ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืŸ ื“ืึทืจืฃ ื“ื™ืš ืžืขืจ!... 

ืฐืึธืก ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืึทืŸ ืขื“ื” ืื•ืŸ ืฐืขืจ? 

ืึทืŸ ืขื“ื” ืžื™ื˜ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืื™ื– ื‘ื™ืœื›ืขืจ... ื’ื™ื™, ื’ื™ 

ืื•ืŸ ื”ืขืœืฃ ื“ืฒึทื ืข ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืจืึทื˜ืขืฐืข ื–ื™ื™... 

"ื“ื• ื˜ืจืฒึทื‘ืกื˜ ืžื™ืš ืึทืจืฑืก?" ืฆื™ ื“ืึทื›ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื ื ืึธืจ? 

ืฆื™ ื”ืขืจื˜ ืขืจ, ื“ืขืจ ืจื‘ื™, ื“ืขื ืงื•ืœ ื–ืฒึทื ืขื ืงืœืึธืจ? 

"ื“ื• ื˜ืจืฒึทื‘ืกื˜ ืžื™ืš... " ืื™ืš ื˜ืจืฒึทื‘ ื“ื™ืš! ืื™ืš ื˜ืจืฒึทื‘ ื“ื™ืš, ื™ืึธ, ื™ืึธ! 
ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืŸ! ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืŸ! ืื™ืš ื“ืึทืจืฃ ื“ื™ืš ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ืึธ... 

ืคืึธืœื’ืกื˜ ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื•ืก ื‘ืงืฉื”, ื˜ืึธ ืคืึธืœื’ 

ืื•ื™ืš ืžืฒึทื ืข -- ื–ื™ ื’ืึธื˜ืขื ื™ื• ืžืฆื™ืœ ื“ืฒื™ืŸ ืคืึธืœืง! 


ืจืึทื“ื–ื™ื ืขืจ! ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜, ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื ื•ื’... 

ื“ื• ื˜ืจืฒึทื‘ืกื˜ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืจื‘ื•ื ื•ื“ืฉืœ-ืขื•ืœื... ืื™ืŸ ืคืœื•ื’ 

ืงืขืŸ ืื™ืš ืื•ื™ืฃ ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ื“ืึธืš ื–ืฒึทืŸ, ืื•ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืฃ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™, 

ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ืจ ื“ืึธ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜... ืื™ืŸ ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜, ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ 
ืื•ืŸ ื”ืขืœืคืŸ ืื™ึทื™ืš ืึทืœืข... ืื™ืš ืงืขืŸ, ื™ืึธ ืื™ืš ืงืขืŸ, 

ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ื˜ื•'ืก... ื“ืขืจ ืจืึทื“ื–ื™ื ืขืจ-- ืขืจ ืžื•ื– ืขืก ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืขืŸ... 
ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ ืฆื• ื–ืขืŸ ืึทื–ืฑ ืฐืฒึทื˜,.. 

ื˜ืจืฒึทื‘ืกื˜ ื ืขื‘ืขืš ืึทืจืฑืก ืžื™ืš... ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฆืฒึทื˜! 
ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื ืขื‘ืขืš ืื•ื™ืฃ ื”ื™ื™ืกืข ืื•ื™ืฃ ืงื•ื™ืœืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืจืขื ืกื˜ -- 
ื–ืึทื›ื˜ืข... ื“ื• ื˜ื• ืื•ืŸ ื“ื• ืžืึทืš ืฐืึธืก ื“ื• ืงืขื ืกื˜! 

ืื•ืŸ ืจืึทื˜ืขืฐืขืกื˜ื• ืฆื™ ื“ื• ืจืึทื˜ืขืฐืขืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜ - 

ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขื”ื™ืฒืœื™ืงื˜ืขืจ, ืžืฒึทืŸ ื’ื•ื˜ืขืจ ื™ื™ื“! 


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ื“ื• ืฉืจืฒึทืกื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืžื™ืจ ืึธืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื• ื’ื™ืกื˜ ื‘ืฒึทื™ื– ืึท ื˜ื•ืคึผ 
ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืก ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืจืฒึทื‘ืกื˜ ืžื™ืš ืึทืจืฑืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘... 
ื˜ืจืฒึทื™ื‘, ื˜ืจืฒึทื™ื‘ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืฆืขืจ ืžื™ืš, ื ื™ื˜ ืœืึธื– ืžื™ืš ืฆื• ืจื• 
ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขืก ืžืงื‘ืœ ื‘ืื”ื‘ื” ื•ื™ ื“ื•... 

ืื™ืš ืื•ื™ืš, ืื™ืš ื’ืขืคื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืึท ื˜ืจื™ื™ืกื˜ -- 

ื‘ืขื˜ ืžื™ืš ื ื™ื˜, ื”ื™ื™ืก ืžื™ืš! ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืœื™ื‘ ืึทื– ื“ื• ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜! 
ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืคืึทืจ ืกืชึผื-ื™ื™ึทื“ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ื“ืึธ, ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ 

ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขืืก ืœืขืชื™ื“-ืœื‘ื•ื, ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจ ืจืึทื“ื–ื™ืŸ! 


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ืกื•ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ื’ืขื–ืึทื ื’ 


ื’ืขื–ืึทื ื’ ื‘' 


ืจืึทื“ื–ื™ืŸ! ืฐืึธืก ืจืึทื“ื–ื™ืŸ? ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืฉื™ืกื›ืข? ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืจ? 
ืฉื˜ืขื˜ืขืœืขืš ืงืœื™ื™ื ืข ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืฑืœืŸ, ื ื™ืฉืžืขืจ! 

ืืฒึทืŸ,} ื“ื™ ืจื‘ื™ื™ื? ืžืขืŸ ืœื™ื™ืงื ื˜ ืขืก ื ื™ื˜ - 

ื”ื™ื™ืœื™ืงืข ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ! ืึท ื”ื™ื™ืœื™ืงืขืจ ื™ื™ึธื“, 

ืื™ื– ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื ืึธืจ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืึท ื™ื™ึดื“ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื™ืŸ! 

ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืึท ื™ื™ื“ - ืขืจ ืžืขื’ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื–ืฒึทึทืŸ, ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืงืœื™ื™ืŸืŸ - 
ืื™ื– ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ! ื ืึธืจ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืึทืœื™ืŸ! ื˜ื• ืื•ืŸ ืžืึทืš... 

ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืงื•ืžื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืฆื• ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืึท ืกืš! 

ืฆืขืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืึท ืžื ื™ืŸ! ืื•ืŸ ืžืขืจืขืจ ืึท ืฉื˜ืึทื! 

ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจ ืฆื•ื•ืขืœืขืฃ ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื ืฉืคึผืึทืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึท ื™ื! 

ืื•ืŸ ื’ืึธื˜ ื‘ืจื•ืš-ื”ื•ื ืœืึธื–ื˜ ืึทืจืึธืคึผ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™, 

ืื•ืŸ ื’ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ ืึท ืชึผื•ืจื” ืื•ืŸ ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ื–ื™ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™, 

ืื•ืŸ ืคื™ืจื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืื•ืŸ ื’ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ืึท ืœืึทื ื“, 

ื–ื™ื™ ื‘ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ืคืจื•ืช ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืคืึทืœื˜ ืืฒึทืŸ ืึท ืฐืึทื ื˜! 

ืื•ืŸ ื’ื™ื™ืขืŸ ื’ืขื”ืฒืœื™ืงื˜ ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ - 

ืื•ืŸ ืจื™ืจืŸ ื ื™ื˜, ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜, ื“ืึธืก ืึทืœืฅ ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจ ื’ืึธื˜! 


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ืขืก ื–ื™ื ื“ื™ืงื˜ ื ืึธืจ ืขื›ืŸ, ื ืึธืจ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืึทืœืฒื™ืŸ - 

ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืึท ื™ื™ึทื“-- ืขืจ ืžืขื’ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื–ืฒึทืŸ, ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ - 
ืื™ื– ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ! ืื•ืŸ ืžืขื’ ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉื˜ืึทืจืง ืฆื™ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืฐืึทืšืŸ...ื– 
ื’ืขื‘ืขื ื˜ืฉื˜ ื–ืึธืœืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ, ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืึท ืกืš! 


ืจืึทื“ื–ื™ืŸ! ืฐืึธืก ืจืึทื“ื–ื™ืŸ? ื™ืึธ, ืื™ืš ื˜ืึทืงืข ื‘ื™ืŸ 
ืึท ืจื‘ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื˜ืœ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืจืึทื“ื–ื™ืŸ... 

ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฉื˜ืึทื ื•ื™ ื“ืึธืก ืฉื˜ืขื˜ืœ: ืื™ ืึทืœื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ ืคืจื™ืฉ, 

ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื“ืขื ื˜ืึทื˜ื ืก ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ืื™ื, ื“ืขื ื˜ื™ืฉ. 

ื“ืขื ื–ื™ื™ื“ื ืก ืคึผืชื™ืœ-ืชึผื›ืœืช, ื“ืขื ืคืขื“ื™ืžืœ ื‘ืœื•ื™ 

ื’ืขืฆื•ื™ื’ืŸ... ืื™ืš ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืื™ื ื’ืขืฆื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืึทื–ืฑ 

ื“ืขื ื“ื™ื ื™ื ืงืŸ ืฉื ื™ืจืœ, ื“ืขื ืœื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืคึผืชื™ืœ - 

ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ื– ืขืก ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ืœ... 

ืขืก ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ืจืึทื“ื–ื™ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื–ืŸ ืฆื• ืขื ื’-- 

ืก'ืื™ืŸื–| ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืš ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ืื™ืš ื‘ืขื ืง... 
ืึธ, ื“ื™ ืงืœื™ื™ื ืข ืจืึทื“ื–ื™ืŸ ืื™ื– ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื ื™ื˜ ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ, 

ืื•ืŸ ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ื -- ืึธ, ื’ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืขื™ืŸ-ื”ืจืข ื ื™ื˜, ื ื™ื™ืŸ! 

ืจืึทื“ื–ื™ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืึท ืกืš ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืคึผืึทืจืฉืžื˜, 

ืžืขืŸ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืŸ, ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืจืขืžื“, 
ืžืขืŸ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืจืึทื“ื–ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืึทื ืฆืขื ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ - 
ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ื... ืขืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ื’ืขืคืขืœื˜! 

ื˜ืฒึทืขืจืข ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ื ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืจืฒื™ืข... ื ืึธืจ ื•ื•ืขืจ 

ืื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืžืขืจืขืจ? ืึท ืกืชึผื-ื™ื™ึดื“ ืื™ื– ืžืขืจ! 

ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ื - ืึท ืกืš ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืื™ืŸ ืฆืึธืœ - 

ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ - ืžื™ืจ ืึทืœืข, ืžื™ืจ ื“ืึธ, ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืžืึธืœ! 


ืจืึทื“ื–ื™ืŸ! ืฐืึธืก ืจืึทื“ื–ื™ืŸ ? ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข! ื–ื™ ื–ื™ 
ื“ืขืจ ืจื‘ื™ ืคืึทืจืฆื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืœื™ืคึผืŸ, ืื•ืŸ - ืคึผื™ื™ 
ื“ืขืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื”ืึธื˜, ื“ืึทื›ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืึท ืคึฟืฒึทืฃ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืœ, 


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ืึท ืคึผืฒึทืฃ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ: ืฐืึทืจืฉืข! ืึธื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืš ืฐื™ืœ! 

ื“ืขืจ ืจื‘ื™, ืขืจ ื’ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคืึทืจืฉืขืžื˜ ื‘ืึทืœื“ ืึท ื›ืึทืคึผ-- 

ื”ืึธื˜ ื˜ืึธืžืขืจ ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ื•ืขืจ... ื ื•, ืึทืจื˜ ืขืก ืžื™ืš ืงื ืึทืคึผืŸ...ืŸ 
ืฐืึทืจืฉืข -- ื•ื™ ืจื—ืœ ื•ืœืื”, ืึท ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ - 

ืื•ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืืžื”ื•ืช ื’ืขื’ืœื™ื›ืŸ, ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ 

ืึท ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืึธืœืง ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื‘ื•ื™ืš! ื•ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืจ 

ืฉื•ื•ื™ื‘ืœื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืจื™ื‘ืœื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจ... 

ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื˜ืขืœืขืš, ื”ื™ื˜ืœืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื˜ - 

ื ื™ื˜ืึธ, ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื—ื™ืœื•ืง - ืึทื‘ื™ ื ืึธืจ ืึท ื™ื™ื“! 

ื–ื™ื™ ืžืขื’ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืจื•ื ื–ืฒึทืŸ, ื–ื™ื™ ืžืขื’ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืจื•ื - 

ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ! ื“ืขืจ ืจื‘ื™ - ืขืจ ืงื•ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึทืจื•ื... 

ืึท ืžื™ืžืจื ืฆื• ืฉืึทืจืฃ - ื”ึถื... ืคืึทืจืฉืึธื“ื˜ ืึธืคื˜, ืคืึทืจืฉืึทื˜, 
ื ืึธืจ... ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ - ืึท ื™ื™ื“ ืžืขื’ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื”ืึทืœื‘ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืฉืžื“ื˜ 

ืื™ื– ืึท ื™ื™ึธื“! ื™ืึธ ืึท ื™ื™ึทื“! ื ื•, ืฐื™ืœ ืื™ืš ืึทื–ืฑ! 

ืึท ื”ืึทืœื‘ืขืจ ืึท ื™ื™ึทื“ ื•ื•ืขื’ื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืึท ื’ื•ื™... 

ืื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืคึผืจื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื•ื•ืขื’ื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืึทื ืฅ, 

ืึท ื’ืึทื ืฆืขืจ ืึท ื’ื™ ืื™ื– ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืึทื ืฅ... 


ืึท ื’ืึทื ืฆืขืจ ืึท ื’ืฑ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืึทื ืฅ ื“ืึธืš, ืื™ื ืคืขืœื˜ 

ืื™ืŸ ืคึผื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆืขื‘ืจืึธื›ืขื ืข, ื—ืจื•ื‘ืข ื”ืขืœืคื˜... 

ืขืก ืคืขืœื˜ ืื™ื ืฆืขืฐืฒื™ื˜ืึธื’ื˜ ืึท ื”ืึทืจืฅ, ืขืก ืคืขืœื˜ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ 
ืึท ื’ืขืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื... ืฆื™ ื’ื™ื˜ ืขืจ, ื“ืขืจ ื’ืฑ ื“ืขืŸ ืึท ืงืœืขืจ 
ืคืึทืจืŸ ื™ืจื™ื“ ื•ื• ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ื“ ืคื•ืœ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืึธืจื’? 

ืขืจ ืฉืคึผืึทื ื˜ ืืฒึทืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืขืจื“ืœ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึธืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื˜ืึธืจื’! 
ืขืก ืคืขืœื˜ ืื™ื ื“ืขื ื’ืฑ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืึทืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืง... ื’ืึธื˜ ืฉื™ืŸืงืŸ 
ืึทืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืง ืื•ื™ืฃ ืžื™ืจ... ื ืึธืš ืึทืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืง ืงื•ืžื˜ ื’ืœื™ืง! 
ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื“ื™ื ื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึท ื’ื•ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืžืฆืจื™ื, ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš 

ื‘ืึทืคึผืจืฒึทื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ... ืขืจ ื˜ืจืึธื’ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืึธืš, 

ืขืจ ื‘ืจืขื ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื™ื’ืœ, ืขืจ ืงื ืขื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืœื™ื™ื, 
ืื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืขื ืงืฉืึทืคื˜ ืึทื”ื™ื... 
ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ื–ื™ืก ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ืฉื˜ืึทืจื‘ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ื”ืฉื - 


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ืึท ื’ื•ื™ ื™ืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก ื ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื. 

ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจื˜ืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืฉืึทื ื“ 

ืึท ื’ื•ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื—ืจื•ื‘ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืขื ืขื ืœืึทื ื“-- 

ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืœื•ืช ืคืึทืจืฉืขืžื˜ 

ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืคึผืฒึทื ื™ืงื˜ ืื•ืžื–ื™ืกื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืจืขืžื“! 
ืขืก ืคืขืœืŸ ืื™ื ืฆืจื•ืช, ืขืก ืคืขืœืŸ ืื™ื ืงืœืึธื’ - 

ืึท ื”ืึทืœื‘ืขืจ ืึท ื™ื™ึทื“ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ืžืขืจ ืฐืึธื’! 


ืึท ื’ืฑ - ืœืฒึทื›ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืŸ, ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ, 
ืœืฒึทื›ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืื•ืŸ ืจื™ืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš - ืึท ื‘ืขืจ. 

ืึท ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื“ืจื•ืง ืื•ืŸ ืœืฒึทื›ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขืžื™ื˜ - 

ืฆื™ ื”ืึธืกื˜ื• ืื™ื ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื ื™ืึทืจื™ื“? 

ืขืจ ื–ื™ืฆื˜ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืคื•ืจ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืฉื˜ืจื•ื™ ืฐื™ ืึท ื‘ืœืฒึท - 

ืื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ, ื–ื™ ืจื™ื ื’ืœืขืŸ ืึทืจื•ื ืื™ื ืื•ืŸ ืฉืจืฒื™'ืŸ, 

ืื•ืŸ ืึทืœืข ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขื, ืื•ืŸ ืึทืœืข ื–ื™ื™ ื’ืœืฒึทืš, 

ืื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ืขื ืžืงื— ืื•ืŸ ืžืึทื›ืŸ ืื™ื ืจืฒึทืš. 

ื“ืขืจ ื–'ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ืึท ืจืขื ื“ืœ, ื“ืขืจ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™... 

ื“ืขืจ ื’ื•ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื ืชืขืฉืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื ื˜ืขืœืข ื”ื™ื™, 

ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื“ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ืฒึทื™ื’, ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึทืจื˜ืึธืคืœืข ืื™ืŸ ื–ืึทืง, 

ืึท ื™ื™ื“ ื”ืึธื˜ ืœื™ื‘ ืงื•ื™ืคืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฆืึธืœืŸ ื’ืขืฉืžืึทืง. 

ื ืึธืš ื’ื•ื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืกื•ื—ืจ, ื“ืขืจ ื’ื•ื™! 

ืขืจ ื ืขืžื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืึธืก ื’ืขืœื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืื•ืŸ ื’ื™ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ืฉื˜ืจื•ื™ืŸ...ืŸ 
ื ืึธืš ื’ื•ื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ืžืึทื›ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืึธืŸ ืขื ื“ - 
ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืœ - ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืš ืึท ื”ืึทืง ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜.., 

ืขืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื“ืึธืš ืึท ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื’ืขื”ืจื’ืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืจืขืŸ 

ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขืฉืคึผืจืขืš, -- ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื“ืึธืš ื ื™ื˜ ืฉื•ืœื“ื™ืง ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ! 
ืฐืฑืœ ื“ืขื ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ื”ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืคึผืจื•ึผื•ื•ื˜ 

ืคืึทืจ ืึท ื’ืฑ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจ ืžืึทื›ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืœื•ืคื˜... 


681 


ืึท ื’ืึทื ืฆืขืจ ืึท ื’ืฑ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืึทื ืฅ ื“ืึธืš, ืขืจ ืื™ื– 
ื•ื™ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืงืœื•ื™ืกื˜ืขืจ, ืื™ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืื•ืŸ ืื™ ืžืขื›ื˜ื™ืง - ืึท ืจื™ื–. 
ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื•ื™ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืงืœื•ื™ืกื˜ืขืจ, ืคืึทืจืจื™ืกืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึธืœืฅ 
ื”ืึทืจื˜ ื•ื™ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืžื•ื™ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืฒึทื™ืฃ ื•ื™ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื”ืึธืœืฅ. 

ื–ื™ ื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฆืœื ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืึธืœื“ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืจื•ืกื˜ 

ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ื’ืขืคึผื•ืฆื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื ืฐื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืง ืคึผื•ืกื˜.... 
ืื™ื ืฐื™ื™ื ื™ืง ื˜ื•ื ืงืœ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ืึท ื’ืœืึทื ืฅ, 

ื“ืขืจ ื’ื•ื™ ื•ื™ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืงืœื•ื™ืกื˜ืขืจ -- ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืึทื ืฅ. 

ืขืก ืจืขื“ื˜ ืขืจ ืึท ืคืจืขืžื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืขืœ ืื™ื ืึทืจืฑืก 

ืื•ืŸ ืงืึทืœื˜ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืชึผืคื™ืœื” ืื™ืŸ ืงืึทืœื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ื–... 

ื•ื•'ืึท ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจืงื•ืœ ื”ื•ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืคึผื•ืกื˜ืขืจ ืึท ืคืึทืก - 

ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื“ื™ ืœื™ื‘ืข, ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืึทืก... 

ื“ื• ื”ืขืจืกื˜ ืื™ื ืฐืึธืก ืจื™ื™ื“ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื‘ืฒึท ืื™ื ื‘ืึทืœื“ 
ืฆื™ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืœื—? ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืขื ืง? ืฆื™ ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืึทืœื“?ืŸ...ืŸ 
ืึท ื’ื•ื™ ืฐื™ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืงืœื•ื™ืกื˜ืขืจ, ืึท ื™ื™ึทื“ ื•ื™ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉื•ืœ! 

ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ืคืึทืจืฐืึธืจืœืึธื–ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื ืฐื™ื™ื ื™ืง ืคื•ืœ! 

ืงื•ืง ืึธืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ื™ืช-ืžื“ืจืฉ ืื•ืŸ ืงื•ืง ืึธืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึทืœืฒื™ืŸ - 

ืื™ืจ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืึท ื—ื•ืจื‘ื” ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ, 

ืขืคืŸ ืึท ื˜ื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื•ืŸ ืงื•ื, ืงื•ื ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ - 

ืึท ืฉืฒึทืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ืš ืฐื•ืึทืจ'ื ืคืึทืจืคืœื™ื™ืฆื˜, ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืึท ืฉืฒึทืŸ! 


ืฐืึทืจืฉืข! ืึธ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ื‘ื™ืช-ืžื“ืจืฉ ืื™ืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ื“! 

ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึทืกืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœืข, ืื™ืŸ ืกืงื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉืคึผืจืฒื˜, 

ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืคืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืงืขืœืขืจืก, ืื•ื™ืฃ ื‘ื•ื™ื“ืขืžืขืจ ื”ื•ื™ืšืŸ!ืŸ 

ืคื™ืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืึธื˜ืขื, ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืฐืึทืจืขืžืขืจ ื”ื•ื™ืš... 

ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืฐืึทืจืฉืข, ื“ื™ ื’ืึทื ืฆืข ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ - 

ืื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื‘ื™ืช-ืžื“ืจืฉ! ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืคืึทืจ ื’ืึธื˜, 

ืจ'ืื™ื– ืžืขืจ ืคืึทืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื™ื™ึทื“, ืคืึทืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืขื’ืœืขืš ื’ืขื‘ืจื•ื™ืšืŸ...ืŸ 
ื“ื™ ืฉื›ื™ื ื” - ื–ื™ ืจื•ื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜, ืึทืฐื“ืื™, ื–ื™ ืื•ื™ืš! 


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ื“ืขืจ ื™ึดื“ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ืขื™ืงืจ, ื“ืขืจ ืชึผื•ืš! 

ืก'ืึท ื”ื•ื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจ ืฉื‘ืช, ืก'ืื™ื– ืžืขืจ ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ืฐืึธืš! 
ื“ื• ืงื•ื ื ืึธืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืžืงื•ื-ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ, 

ืคืึทืจื’ื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึท ื˜ืึธื’ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฐืึธื›ืŸ ื“ืึธ ื–ืฒึทืŸ, 

ืื•ืŸ ืงื•ืง ืฆื• ื“ืขื ืฐืึธื›ื ื˜ืึธื’ ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ืŸ:ืŸ 

ื’ืฒ ืœืึทื ื’ื–ืึทื ืคืึทืจื‘ืฒึทื™ ื–ื™ื™... ื‘ืœืฒึทื™ื‘ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืฐืฐื•ึผ ื ื™ื˜ ืฐื•ึผืš} 
ื“ืขื ืฐืึธืจืฃ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜ ื–ืข, ื“ืขื ืžืึทืš ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ - 
ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื“ืขื ืึทื ื“ืขืจืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื ืึทืจื˜ ืึธืคึผ... 

ื“ื• ื ืึธืจ, ื ื™ื˜ ืฉืจืขืง ื–ื™ืš, ืื•ืŸ ืฆื™ื ื“ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื”ื™ื™ืก... 
ื›'ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืชึผื™ืจ ื“ื™ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื”! ื ื•, ื ื•... ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื–! 
ืืฒึท-ืื™ื™... ื–ื™ื™ ื’ืขื ืึทืจืŸ?! ื“ืขืจ ื™ืขื ืขื, ื“ืขืจ ื“ืขื! 

ืฆื™ ื”ืึธื˜, ื—ืก-ื•ืฉืœื•ื, ื’ืขื”ืจื’ืขื˜ ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื? 


ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืœื™ื‘ ืึท ื‘ื™ืช-ืžื“ืจืฉ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜. ื ืึธืจ ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ 

ื“ืขื ืึธืจื•ืŸ-ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ืื™ื ืœื™ื‘, 

ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ืชึผื•ืจื” ื’ืขืงืจื•ื™ื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื”ื™ืœื˜ 

ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื“ืขื ืขื ืžืึทื ื˜ืœ... ืื™ืจ ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืจ ืฐื™ืœื˜! 
ื‘ืฒึท ืžื™ืจ, ืื™ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืึทืœืงืขืจ - ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ 
ืึท ืจื™ื™ื ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜-ื”ืฒื™ืœื™ืง -- ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜, ืึธ, ื ื™ื™ืŸ, 

ืก'ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช-ืžื“ืจืฉ! ื“ื™ ืชึผื•ืจื”... ื™ืึธ, ื™ืึธ ืŸ- } 
ื›ึผื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื”... ื ืึธืจ ืื•ื‘ ืก'ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ืึธ 

ืึทืŸ ืขื“ื” ืžื™ื˜ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ื‘ืฒึท ืžื™ืจ ืื™ืŸ ืžืฒื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘, 

ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื ื™ื˜, ื“ืขืจ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ื ื™ื˜, ื“ืขืจ ื’ื™ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ืคึผ, 
ื“ืขืจ ื ืขืžื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืึทืจืฑืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืกืคืจื™ื-ืฉืึทื ืง ืฐืึธืก 
ืื•ืŸ ืœืขืจื ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื‘ืจื•ืžื˜ ืขืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ื ืึธื– 

ืึท ื ื™ื’ื•ืŸ... ืžืขืŸ ื”ืขืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืจืขื“ืœ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื ืฒึทืก, 

ืึท ื“ืึทื•ื•ื ืขืจ ืคืึทืจืฐืึทืจืคื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืœื™ืชืœ ืฐืฒึทืก 

ื‘ื™ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืึทืงืกืœ ืื•ืŸ ื’ื•ืจื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืœืขื ื“, 

ืžืขืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืฒึทื™ื ื›ึผื™ื•ืจ, ืžืขืŸ ื•ื™ืฉื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜, 
ืžืขืŸ ื–ืึธื’ื˜ "ืืฉืจ ื™ืฆืจ" ื ื™ื˜, ืžืขืŸ ืงื•ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื, 
ืžืขืŸ ื–ื•ื›ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจื‘ืขื ืงื˜ ืึท ื’ืžื™ืœื•ืช-ื—ืกื“ืœ ืฉื˜ื•ื 


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ืื•ืŸ ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคึผืึทืจืงื•ื™ืคื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืงื•ื™ืคื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืฑื– - 
ืื™ื–'ืก ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช-ืžื“ืจืฉ! ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืงืœื•ื™ื–. 


ื“ื™ ืชึผื•ืจื”!... ืึทืฐื“ืื™... ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ื•-- 
ื“ื™ ืชึผื•ืจื”! ื“ื™ ืชึผื•ืจื”! ืขืก ื•ื•ืขื ื“ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ืึธืจ ืฐื•ึผ, 

ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืฒึท ื•ื•ืขืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืชึผื•ืจื” ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืืฒึทืŸ - 
ืžืขื’'ืก ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ื‘ื•ื™ื“ืขื, ืื™ืŸ ืงืขืœืขืจ ืžืขื’'ืก ื–ืฒึทืŸ, 
ืื™ืŸ ื–ืึทืœ, ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืคึผืึทืœืึทืฅ... ื“ืขืจ ืขื™ืงืจ ืื™ื–: ื˜ืึธืŸ 

ื“ืึธืก ืฐืึธืก ื–ื™ ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–, ืื•ื ื“ื– ืึทืœืขืžืขืŸ ืึธืŸ, 

ืึทืœืฒื™ืŸ ืคึฟื•ื ืขื ื”ื™ืžืœ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“ โ€ - 

ืฐื•ื•ื™ืœ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืฐืึธืก ืื•ื ื“ื– ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืชึผื•ืจื” ื‘ืึทืฉืขืจื˜! 

ืึทืœืฒื™ืŸ ืื™ื– ื–ื™ ืฉื‘ืช ืื•ืŸ ืจืขื“ื˜ ื“ื‘ืจื™-ื—ื•ืœ - 

ื ื™ื˜ ืฉื˜ืฒื™ื’ื˜ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืกื™ื ื™, ืžืขืŸ ื”ืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืึธืœ... 

ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื“ืขืจื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ืึทืจืึธืคึผ, 

ื“ืขืจ ืขื™ืงืจ: ื”ื™ื˜ ืึธืคึผ ื–ื™! ื“ื™ ืชึผื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื˜ ืึธืคึผื• {-- } 

ืื™ืจ ื”ืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ืึธืจ ืฆื• ื’ื•ื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืš ืึท ืžืึธืœ, ื ืึธืš - 
ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืžื™ืฉื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจ ืฉื‘ืช ืื•ื™ืก ืื™ื™ื ืก ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืฐืึธืš... 
ื“ื™ ืฐืึธืš ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื“ืขืจื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ, ื“ืขืจ ืฉื‘ืช - ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืš! 

ืขืก ื“ืึทืจืฃ ืื™ื ื“ืขื ืชึผื™ืงื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฐืึธืš... 

ื“ื™ ืฐืึธืš ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื“ืขืจื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ, ื“ืขืจ ืฉื‘ืช - ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืš! 

ืขืก ื“ืึทืจืฃ ืื™ื, ื“ืขื ืชึผื™ืงื•ืŸ, ืื•ื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื™ืš... 
ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื™ืš ื”ืึธื˜ ืึท ืชึผื™ืงื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ืืฒึทืš - 

ืฐื•ื™ืœ, ืึธืจืขืžืงืฒื˜, ื“ื™ืจ, ื‘ืฒึทื ืžืชืงืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืจืฒึทืš... 

ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืฉื‘ืช ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึธืš - ื–ืฒึทื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืขื ื˜ืฉื˜! 
ืึทืจืฒื™ืŸ ื•ื™ ื’ืึธื˜ืก ืึธื˜ืขื ืื™ืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ! 


ืื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ืช ืื™ื– ืฉืงื•ืœ ื›ึผื ื’ื“ ืึท ืฐืึธืš-- 
ื ืึธืจ ื’ื–ืฉื™ื‘ืึธื•ื• ืื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื•ืึทืจื“ืึท ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื ืฉืึท-- ืฐืึธืก ื ืึธืš? 
ืกืžืึธื˜ืฉืข! ื’ืขื‘ืขื ื˜ืฉื˜ืขืจ ื’ืขื–ืฉื•ื ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืจื•ื, 


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ืื™ืš ื•ื•ืขืจ ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ ื‘ื˜ืœ, ืื™ืš ืงื•ื ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ ืื•ื. 

ืื™ืš ื•ื•ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜, ืฐืขืจ ื‘ื˜ืœ ื‘ืฉื™ืฉื™ื ืื•ืŸ ืžืขืจ - 

ืึท ื’ืึทืก ืคื•ืœ ืžื™ื˜ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ -- ืฐืึธืก ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจ? 
ืึทืจืฑืฃ ืžืึทืจืฉืึทืœืงืึธื•ื•ืกืงืึท ืื•ืŸ ื”ืขื›ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืœืขืฉ, 
ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ืึท ืจื‘ื™ ื’ืขืฐืขื–ืŸ, ืึท ื™ืฉ! 

ื ื™ื˜ ืึธืคึผื ืขืžืขืงื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ืš, ื—ืœื™ืœื”-ื•ื—ืก, 

ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจืœื™ื™ืงื ื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ื•ื™ื™ึดืฉืข ื’ืึทืก... 

ื‘ืฒึท ื’ืฑื™ื ืึท ืจื‘ื™, ื‘ืฒึท ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ - ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื ื™ืฉื˜! 

ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืœื™ื‘ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืคึผืึทืจืžื™ืฉื˜, ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืžื™ืฉื˜... 
ืึท ื™ื™ื“ ื“ืึทืจืฃ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ืŸ... ืขืจ ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึทืœืฒืŸ 

ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืจื‘ื•ื ื•ื“ืฉืœ-ืขื•ืœื ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ... 

ื“ื™ ืชึผื•ืจื” -- ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืข, ื“ื™ ืชึผืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธืจ, 

ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ื’ืžืจื - ื ื™ื˜ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืึธืจ 

ืึท ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืข ื”ืœื›ื” ื˜ืจืขืคื˜ - ืจ'ื’ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึท ืงื•ื•ืฆื˜ืฉ 
ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืš ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžื˜ ื–ื™... ืฐืึธืก ื˜ื•ื’ ืื™ื ืึท ื’ืขื˜ืฉ? 
ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืš ืคืจืขื’: ืฐืึธืก ื˜ื•ื’ ืžื™ืจ, ื“ืขืจ ื›ึผื‘ื•ื“ ืฐืึธืก ื˜ื•ื™ื’? 
ืฐืึทืจืฉืข! ืึทึธ ืฉืฐืึทืจืฆืึทืคึผืœ ื“ื•, ืคื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืื•ื™ื’. 


ื™ื. 


ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืฐืึทืจืฉืข -- ืฐืึทืจื˜... ื›'ื•ื•ืึทืฉ ื–ื™ืš ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜ - 
ื’ืขื‘ืขื ื˜ืฉื˜ ื–ืฒึท ื“ื™ ืฉืขื” ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื“ื™ืš ื“ืขืจืงืขื ื˜, 
ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื–ื™ ื“ืขืจืงืขื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืขื ื˜ืฉื˜ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืฉืขื” - 
ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืฐื•ืึทืจืฉืข -- ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืข ื–ื™ื ื™ื˜ืึธ! 

ืื™ืš ืงืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืข - ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืื™ื– ื–ื™, ื’ืจื•ื™ืก! 
ื ื™ื˜ ืžื™ืฉื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข ื–ื™ ืื•ื™ืก... 

ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื›'ื›ื™ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื’ืฑื™ื™ื ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื–ืขืœื˜ืŸ ืึทืจืึธืคึผ -- 

ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ืึท ืฉื˜ืจืฒึทืžืœ ื’ืขื”ืึทื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ, 

ื‘ืฒึท ืžื™ืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ื, ืฆื™ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึทืก, ืฆื™ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ 
ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ืึท ื”ื™ื˜ืœ ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ... ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืœื™ื‘ 

ืึท ื”ื™ื˜ืœ ืึท ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืก... ืก'ืื™ื– ืœืฒึทื›ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ืก'ื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ืขืก ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ - ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจ ืื™ื– ืขืก ืฉื™ื™ืŸ! 
ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจ ืื™ื– ืขืก ื”ื™ื™ืœื™ืง... ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืืฒึทื™ืš ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืœืฒึทืš! 


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ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฅ, ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื–ืขืŸ ื’ืขื’ืœื™ื›ืŸ ืฆื• ืืฒึทืš, 

ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืฐืฒึทืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ื™ึทื™ื ืฉื™ื›ึผื•ืจ ืื™ืŸ ืคืœืึทืฉ, 
ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืึธืœื“ืขื ืขืจ ืจืขื ื“ืœ ื‘ืฒึทื™ื ืขื•ืฉืจ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืึทืฉ, 

ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ืœ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขื–ืึทืœืฆืŸ ืึท ื˜ืจืึธืคึผืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื™ื - 

ืžืขืŸ ื“ืึทืจืฃ ืขืก ืฆื• ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืฆื• ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ืขื... 
ืฐืึทืจืฉืข! ื•ื™ ื“ื•ื“ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื’ืขื ื•ื™ 

ืื™ืš ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืึทื–ืฑ... 


ื™ื‘, 


ืฐืึทืจืฉืข! ืขืก ื‘ืขื ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ืึธืš ืฐืึทืจืฉืข... ืื™ืš ื‘ืขื ืง 
ื ืึธื›ืŸ ื ืึทืœืขื•ื•ืงืขืจ ื”ื•-ื”ืึท, ืฆื•ื ื’ืขื ืฉืขืจ ื’ืขื“ืจืขื ื’, 

ืื•ืŸ ืžื•ืจืึทื ืึธืฐ! ื“ื–ืฉื™ืงืข! ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืœืข - ืึท ืจื•ืš! 

ืื™ืš ืžื™ืฉ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืขื•ืœื... ื’ื™ ื–ื•ืš! 

ื‘ืึทืฐืฒึทื™ื– ืžื™ืจ ืึท ืงื•ื ืฅ: ื–ื•ืš ืžื™ืš ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืคื™ืŸ! 

ื“ื• ืงืขื ืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜! ื“ื• ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜, ืžืฒึทืŸ ื™ื™ึทื“, ืฐื•ึผ ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ... 
ื“ื• ืงืขื ืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜, ื“ืขืจืงืขื ืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื—ืกื™ื“ืœ ื˜ืจืฒึท, 
ื“ืขืจืงืขื ืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืจื‘ื™ืŸ... ืื™ื– ืžืื™ ื›ึผื•ืœื™ ื”ืื™?! 

ืื™ื– ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื—ื™ืœื•ืง? ื“ืขืจืงืขื ืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜ - ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜! 
ื“ื• ื›ืึทืคึผ ืคืึทืจืŸ ื”ืึทื ื˜ ืึธืŸ ื™ืขื˜ื•ื•ืขื“ืขืจืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“, 

ื˜ื• ืึธืŸ ืื™ื ืึท ืฉื˜ืจืฒึทืžืœ, ืึธ, ื—ืกื™ื“ืœ ืžืฒึทืŸ, 

ืื•ืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ืขืจ ืึท ืจื‘ื™, ืžื™ื˜ ืžื–ืœ, ื“ื™ืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ! 

ื“ื• ืคืจืขื’ ื ืึธืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื ืื•ืŸ ืคืจืขื’ ืื™ื ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™? 

ื˜ื• ืึธืŸ ืื™ื ืึท ืฉื˜ืจืฒื™ืžืœ, ืึท ื’ืึทืจื˜ืœ ืคืึทืจืฆื™ 

ืขืจ ืžืขื’ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืึท ืฉื ืฒึทื“ืขืจ, ืึท ืฉื•ืกื˜ืขืจ ืึธืงืึธืจืฉื˜ - 

ื ื™ื˜ ืคืจืขื’ ืฐืึธืก ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื ืขื›ื˜ืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึธืจืฉ, 

ื ื™ื˜ ืคืจืขื’ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื”ืึทื ื“ืœ, ื ื™ื˜ ืคืจืขื’ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืึธืŸ - 
ื›ืึทืคึผ ืึธืŸ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึทืก, ื›ืึทืคึผ ืื™ื ืึธืŸ, 

ืื•ืŸ ืจื•ืฃ ืื™ื ื”ื•ื™ืš: ืจื‘ื™! ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืขืก ืื™ืŸ ืชึผื•ืš - 

ืจื•ืฃ: ืจื‘ื™ ืื™ื, ืจื‘ื™! ืื•ืŸ ื’ื™ื™ ื ืึธืš ืื™ื ื ืึธืš. 


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ื™ื’. 


ืฐืึทืจืฉืข! ืื™ืš ืžื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืึทืงืข ืฐืึทืจืฉืข, ืื™ืš ืžื™ื™ืŸ 

ื“ืขื ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืึธื ื‘ืœื™ืง, ื“ืขื ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ื—ืŸ 

ืฐืึธืก ืœื™ื’ื˜ ืืฑืกื’ืขื’ืึธืกืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึทืœืฅ ืžื™ื˜ ืึทื ืึทื ื“ืŸ,} 

ืื•ืŸ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืื™ืŸ ื“ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ... ืึท ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืฐืึทื ื˜ 

ืจื•ืคื˜ ื“ืึธืš ื”ื•ื™ืš: ืงื“ื•ืฉ! ืึท ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, ื™ืึธ ืึท ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ 

ื”ืึธืจืš, ื”ืึธืจืš: -- ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ? ืึธื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืš ืžื™ื™ืŸ! 
ื“ืึธืก ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜: ืึทื– ืึทืคื™ืœื• ืื•ื™ืฃ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืง 

ืจื•ื˜ ื–ื™, ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืฉื›ื™ื ื”... ืงื•ืง, ืงื•ืง 

ืื•ืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ ื–ื™ืš, ืื•ืŸ ืฉืึทืจ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ืจืฒึทื‘ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืŸ ื–ื™ื™, 

ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื•ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ - ืขืก ื˜ื•ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ืฐื•ื™ื™... 

ืึท ื™ึดื“ ืึทื– ื“ื• ืจืฒึทื‘ืกื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืŸ ืื™ื -- ืื™ื– ื•ืœ ื“ื™ืจ, 

ืื•ืŸ ืฐื•ื™ืœ ืื™ื... ื˜ืึธืžืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืืฒึทืš ืึท ื’ืขืฉื•ื•ื™ืจ, 
ืึท ืฐื•ึผื ื“ ืฆื™ ืึท ื‘ืœืึธื˜ืขืจ ื‘ืึทื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ, ืฐื™ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก - 

ืคึผืœืึทืฆื˜ ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ื˜ืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืก 

ืื™ื™ื˜ืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืก ื˜ื™ืฃ ืื™ืŸ ืึทืจื‘ืœ ื’ืขื”ื™ื™ื - 

ืืฒึทืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืึทืกืŸ ืึทื”ื™ื... 

ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึท ืจื™ื‘ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฐื™ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืึทื”ืขืคื˜, 
ื‘ืึทืงืขื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ื‘ืึทืงืขื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ืžืึทื›ื˜ ืึท ื’ืขืฉืขืคื˜! 
ืึทืžืคึผืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš! ืก'ืฉืึธื“ื˜ ื ื™ื˜, ืขืก ื˜ืจื™ืงื ื˜ ื“ื™ ืฐื•ึผื ื“, 

ืื™ืจ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืึทื”ืฒื ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืื™ ืคืจื™ืฉ, ืื™ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜. 


ื™ื“. 


ืึทืžืคึผืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืงืจื™ื’ื˜ ื–ื™ืš! ืขืก ืฉืึธื“ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืึธืจ! 

ืฆื™ ืžืึทื›ื˜ ืื™ืจ ืึท ืžืกื—ืจ? ืื™ืจ ืœืขืจื ื˜ ื“ืึธืš ื’ืึธืจ! 

ืฆื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืก ื“ืขืจ ืžืงื—-ื•ืžืžื›ึผืจ ืคืึทืจืฉืฒึทื˜ - 

ืฆื™ ื’ืึธืจ ื“ื™ ื’ืžืจื, ื“ืขืจืฐื•ืขืงื˜ ืื™ื, ื“ืขื ืฉื˜ืจืฒึทื˜? 

ืื™ืจ ืฉืคึผืจื™ื ื’ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื ืงืœืขืš, ืื™ืจ ืงื•ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ื™ื™ื– ืึธืŸ, 
ืื™ืจ ืžื™ื™ื ื˜ ืึท ื”ืœื›ื” ืฆื™ ื’ืขืœื˜ ืึท ืžื™ืœื™ืึธืŸ? 

ื ืึธืจ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืจ ื–ืึธืœื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ, ืื™ืจ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ื˜ - 

ืึท ืฉืงืœื-ื•ื˜ืจื™ื ืฆื™ ืชึผื•ืจื” -- ืึทืœืฅ ืื™ื™ื ืก! 


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ืื™ืจ ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื“ืึธืš ื“ื™ ืคื•ื™ืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜, ืื™ืจ ื’ื™ื˜ ื ืึธืจ ืึท ื“ืจื™ื™ 
ืžื™ื˜ ืืฒึทืขืจืข ืคื™ื ื’ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื’ืจืึธื‘ืข, ื“ื™ ืฆึทื•ื•ื™ื™ 

ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืจืขื ื’ื˜ ื“ื™ "ื•ื”ืึธ-ืจืึทื™ื”", ืื•ืŸ ืœืขืจื ื˜ ื“ืขื ืคึผืฉื˜... 
ืึทืœืฅ ืื™ื™ื ืก ืฆื™ ืึท ืžืกื—ืจ, ืฆื™ ื’ืžืจื ืึท ื‘ืœืึทื˜! 

ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ื ื™ื’ื•ืŸ, ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ื˜ืึธืŸ, 

ืื™ืจ ืฉืคึผืจื™ื ื’ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืขื ืงืœืขืš, ืื™ืจ ืงื•ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ื™ื™ื– ืึธืŸ. 
ืื™ืจ ืžื™ืฉื˜ ื‘ืึทืœื“ ื“ืขื ื“ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ, ืื™ืจ ื‘ืจืขื ื’ื˜ ืึท ื‘ืึทืฐืฒึทื–, 
ืื™ืจ ื›ืึทืคึผื˜ ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืขืจ ื‘ืึธืจื“ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ืจืฒึทืกื˜, 
ืขืก ื”ืขืœืคื˜ ื ื™ื˜, ื“ืขืจ ืฆื“-ืฉื›ึผื ื’ื“ ื”ืึทืœื˜ ืงืึธืคึผ, 

ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื’ืขืจื˜... ืื™ื– ืชึผื™ืงื•! ื“ืขืจ ื›ึผืขืก ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืืฒึทืš ืึธืคึผ, 
ืก'ื’ืขืฉืขืคื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืžืึทื›ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืš ื™ืขื“ืขืจื ืก ืฐื•ึผื ื˜ืฉ - 
ืจื•ืคื˜ ืžื™ืš ืฆื•ื "ืฉื”ื›ึผืœ" ืžื™ื˜ ืืฒึทืš, ืฆื• ื“ืขื ืคึผื•ื ื˜ืฉ. 


ื˜ื•. 


ืึท ืคึผื•ื ื˜ืฉ... ื™ืึธ, ืžืึทืš ื’ื™ื›ืขืจ ืฉื”ื›ึผืœ ืื•ืŸ ื›ืึทืคึผื™ืก 

ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ื™ื“ื™ืง ืื™ื ืื•ื™ืก ื“ืขื ื’ืขืฐืึทืจืขืžื˜ืŸ ืฉื ืึทืคึผืก, 
ื›ึผืœื™ื–ืžืŸ ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืฐืึทืจืขื ื˜ืจื™ื ืง ืื•ื™ืก ืื™ื, ื“ืขื ื›ึผื•ืก! 
ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ื’ืขืคืจืขื’ื˜ ืžืฒึทื ืก ืึท ื—ืกื™ื“: ืคืึทืจ ืฐืึธืก 
ืฐืึทืจืขืžืขืŸ ืึท ืžืฉืงื”? ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืงืึทืœื˜ืก -- ื•ื™ ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก 
ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืงืึทืœื˜ืŸ ื˜ืจื•ื ืง ื‘ืจืึธื ืคืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืึธืš ืื•ื ื“ื– ื”ื™ื™ืก! 
ืžืฒึทืŸ ื—ืกื™ื“ -- ืึท ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื˜ืึทืงืข, ื‘ืฒึท ื–ื™ืš 

ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข, ื–ืฒึทื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ื - ืขืจ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ื™ืš, 
ืขืจ ื™ืึธื ืงืขื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ื™ืึธื ืงืขื˜ ื–ื™ืš... "ืจื‘ื™, ืžื”-ื“ืึธืš, 

ืึท ืงืึทืœื˜ืก... ื™ืึธ, ืขืก ืฐืึทืจืขืžื˜, ื™ืึธ... ืžืขืจืขืจ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื ืึธืš 
ืžืฉืงื” ืึท ื›ึผื•ืก ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืฐืึทืจืขืžืขืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืš... 

ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ, ืกืชึผื-ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ, ื˜ืจื™ื ืงืขืŸ ื“ืึธืš ืื•ื™ืš, 

ื“ืขืจ "ืฉื”ื›ึผืœ" ืื™ื– ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืŸ ืžื™ืŸ... 

ืก'ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ "ืฉื”ื›ึผืœ" ืฐืึธืก ื‘ืจื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืจืึทื“ื–ื™ืŸื™|"ืŸ 
ืฐืึทืจืฉืึทืฐืขืจ! ืฉืจืฒึทื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ื“ืขืจ ืจื‘ื™ -, ื ื™ื˜ ืจื™ื™ื“ 
ืื•ื™ืฃ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ, ืื•ื™ืฃ ืกืชึผื-ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ... ืก'ื“ืึทืจืฃ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ื™ื“ 
ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึทืจืขืžื˜ ื•ื™ ื™ื•ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืœื™ื˜! 

ื ืขื ื“ื™ืจ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืคึผื•ื ื˜ืฉ!... ืฐื™ ืกืชึผื,.ืกืชึผื ืึท ื™ื™ื“ 


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ื˜ืจื™ื ืง ืงืึทืœื˜ ืื™ืš ืึท ื’ืœืขื–ืขืœืข ืคึผืฉื•ื˜ืŸ ื™ื™"ืฉ - 
ืึท ื”ืึทืจืฅ, ืื•ื‘ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืงื•ื™ืœืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึทืจืขืžื˜, ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืึทืฉ... 


ื˜ื–, 


ืฐืึทืจืฉืข! ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืฐืึทืจืฉืข, ืึท ื™ื™ื“ 

ื‘ืจืขื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืึทืกืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจืข ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื˜... 

ืขืก ื“ื•ื›ื˜ ื–ื™ืš: ืขืจ ื‘ืจื™ื˜... ื’ืขื ืขืŸ ื ืึธืจ, ื’ืขื ืขืŸ 

ื•ื™ ืžืฉื” ืฆื•ื ืกื ื”... ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื“ืขื ืกื ื” ื“ืึธืš ื“ืขืจื–ืขืŸ! 

ื ืึธืจ ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ื“ื• ืงื•ืžืกื˜ ื ืขื ื˜ืขืจ ืฆื• ืฆื• ืื™ื - ื–ืข: 

ืขืจ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ืจ ืึทื ื˜ืงืขื’ืŸ - ื“ื• ืื•ื™ืš ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืึท ืกื ื”! 

ืžืึธื’ืขืจ - ืึท ื“ืึธืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืจื•ืงืŸ - ืึท ืฉื˜ืึทื, 

ืืฒึทืš ืคืœืึทืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ - ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ืœื™ืงืขืจ ืคึผืœืึทื! 

ืขืจ ื‘ืจืขื ื˜ ื ืึธืจ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื˜ ื ื™ื˜... ืขืจ ืคืœืึทืงืขืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืฉื˜ืึทืจืง 
ื‘ืึทืœืฒึทื›ื˜ ืึท ืฉื˜ื™ืง ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ืฐื™ ื“ืขืจ ืกื ื” ืึท ืฉื˜ื™ืง ื‘ืึทืจื’... 
ื“ื• ืฉื˜ืขืœ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืœื™ื›ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ืงื•ืง ื–ื™ืš ื’ื•ื˜ ืืฒื™ึทืŸ, 

ืงื•ืง ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืฃ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข ืึทืจื•ื ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืฒึทืŸ, 

ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ืฒื™ ืื™ื, ื“ืขื ื˜ืฒึทื˜ืฉ, ืฐืึธืก ื‘ืึทื˜ืฒึทื˜, 
ืคื•ื ืขื ืคึผื™ื ื˜ืขืœืข ื™ื™ื“ ืื™ื ืขื ืœื•ื™ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜... 

ื“ืขื ื ืฆื—-ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื˜ืฐื•ืขื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ืกื˜ - 

ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ ื“ื• ืึทืœืฒื™ืŸ, ืฐืขืจ ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜! 

ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืžืึธืœ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืš ื“ืขืจ ืฐืึธืก ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขืฆื˜ 

ืื™ืŸ ืžื•ืงื“ื ื•ืžืื•ื—ืจ - ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜! 

ื“ื™ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืข ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ ืฐื™ ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ ืคื•ื ืขื ื™ื™ื“ - 
ืฐืึทืจืฉืข! ื“ื™ ื’ืึธืœื“ืขื ืข, ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืžื™ื˜! 


ื™ื– 


ื”ืึทื ื“ืœื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืžืึทื›ื˜ ืึท ืœื—ื™ื™ื, ืื™ืจ ืžืึธื’ื˜! 

ืึท ื™ื™ื“ ืึทื– ืขืจ ื”ืึทื ื“ืœื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืจื™ื ืงื˜ -- ื•ื™ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ 
ืื™ื– ืฐื™ ืขืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืชึผื•ืจื” ื’ืขืฉืžืึทืง - 
ื”ืึทื ื“ืœื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื—ืฉืง ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืจื™ื ืงื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืงื ืึทืง! 
ื“ื™ื ื’ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืฒึทื ืงื•ื™ืคืŸ, ืึทื–ืฑ ื‘ืฒึทื ืคืึทืจืงื•ื™ืฃ - 


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ืึท ื’ืจืึธืฉืŸ ืึทืจืึธืคึผ ืื•ืŸ ืึท ื’ืจืึธืฉืŸ ืึทืจืฑืฃ... 

ึฐื”ึธึดื™ืชึธ ื‘ึธึผื” ื™ื•ึนืžึธื ื•ึฐืœึธื™ึธืœึธื” -- ืึทื–ืฑ 

ืื•ื™ืš ื‘ืฒึท ืึท ืžืฉื‚ื-ื•ืžืชืŸ, ื’ืขื ื•ื™! 

ื”ืึทืœื˜ ื ืึธืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืฉื˜ืึทืจืง ืคื•ืŸ ืžืžืงื•ึผืžื• ืœื ืžืฉ - 
ืžืึทืš ื“ืขื ืกืš-ื”ื›ึผืœ... ื ื™ืฉืงืฉื”... ื ื™ืฉืงืฉ'ืŸ...ื– 

ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธืœื™ืฆืข ืœื™ื™ื“ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืœ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ื˜ืึทืฉ - 

ืจื•ืฃ ืžื™ืš, ืื™ืš ืงื•ื ืฆื• ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืคืœืขืฉืขืœืข ื™ื™"ืฉ! 

ืจื•ืคืกื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ื—ืชื•ื ื” ืžื™ืš, ืืฑืฃ ืึท ื‘ืจื™ืช, 

ืจื•ืฃ ืื•ื™ืš ื ืึธืš ืึท ืžืกื—ืจ ืžื™ืš, ืจื•ืฃ ืžื™ืš... ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื–? 
ืฐืึทืจืฉืึทืฐืขืจ! ืึทืœืฅ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืจ ืžืึทื›ื˜, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืจ ื˜ื•ื˜, 
ืื™ื– ื”ืฒืœื™ืง, ื’ืขื”ืฒื™ืœื™ืงื˜, ืื™ื– ืฐื•ื™ืœ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ื•ื˜! 
ืึทื”ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืคืœืึทืฉ ืžืฉืงื”! ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธืคึผืŸ ื–ื™ืฆื˜ ื˜ื™ืฃ - 
ืื™ืš ืฉื˜ืขืœ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืึทื ื˜ืคืœืึทืš ืื•ื™ืฃ ืžืฒึทื ืขืจ ื–ื™ ืฉื™ืฃ 
ืื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืก... ืึธ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ื•ืš ืื™ื, ื“ืขื ืคึผืจืึธืคึผืŸ, ืฆื• ืฐืึธืก? 
ื“ื™ ืคืœืึทืฉ ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืึธืคืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืœ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื›ึผื•ืก. 


ื™ื—. 


ืื™ืš ืขืคืŸ ื–ื™ ืœืฒึทื›ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจืคึผืจืึธืคึผื˜ืข, ื“ื™ ืคืœืึทืฉ, 

ืœืฒึทื›ื˜ืขืจ ื ืึธืš ืขืคืŸ ืื™ืš ืื•ื™ืฃ ืืฒึทืขืจ ื˜ืึทืฉ! 

ืื™ืš ื“ืึทืจืฃ ื–ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ืขืค'ื ืขืŸ... ื–ื™ืื™ื– ืึธืคืŸ ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ! 

ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืื™ืš ื–ืึธื’ ืขืก ืืฒึทืš - ืื™ื– ืขืก ื’ืขืฉืขืŸ! 

ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ื’ื•ื˜ืŸ ื’ืขืฉืขืคื˜ ืื™ื ื’ืขืžืึทื›ื˜, 

ื™ืชื•ืžื™ืžืœืขืš ืขืœื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืงืจืึทื ืงืข ืคืึทืจืฉืžืึทื›ื˜! 

ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืชึผืœืžื•ื“-ืชึผื•ืจื”ืก, ืฉืคึผื™ื˜ืขืœืขืจ -- ืึทื”ื™ืŸ, 

ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืคืึทืœืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื ืก... 

ื’ืขืคืึทืœืขื ืข, ื™ื•ืจื“ื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื™ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื”ื™ - 

ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขืจื™ื›ื˜ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื ืึธืจ ื“ื™! 

ืึทื– ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึทืจืึธืคึผ ืฆื•ื ื’ืœืึธื– ืฐืฒึทืŸ - 

ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ืจ ื ืึธืจ ื’ืขืขืคื ื˜ ืฆื• ืืฒึทืš ืื•ืŸ ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ, 

ืื™ืš ื˜ืจืขืฃ ื‘ืฒึท ื“ืขื ื˜ื™ืฉ ื“ืขื ื’ืขื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ืŸ, ื‘ืฒึท ืืฒึทืš - 

ืึธืจืขืžืข ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ... ืžืขืจ ืึธืจืขื ื•ื™ ืจืฒึทืš... 

ืคืึทืจ ืจืฒึทืš ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื”ืขืจื™ื ื’, ืคึผืึทืจ ืึธืจืขื ื“ื™ ืคื™ืฉ! 
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ืฐืึทืฉื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืœืึธื–ื˜ ื•ื•ื•ื™ืœื’ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึทืœืข ื‘ืฒึทื ื˜ื™ืฉ! 
ืžืึทื›ื˜ ืึท ืœื—ื™ื™ื, ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืื™ื™ื ืก... ื™ื™"ืฉ ื‘ืึทื”ืขืคื˜ - 
ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืžืึทื›ื˜ ืื™ื, ื“ืึธืก ื’ื•ื˜ืข ื’ืขืฉืขืคื˜! 
ื’ืึธื˜ ื‘ืจื•ืš-ื”ื•ื, ื‘ืจื•ืš-ืฉืžื•, ืขืจ, ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ 

ื’ืขืžืึทื›ื˜'ืŸ... ื’ืขื‘ืขื ื˜ืฉื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืœื•ื™ื‘ื˜ ื–ืฒึท ืื•ื ื“ื–, ื’ืึธื˜! 


ื™ื˜. 


ืื•ืŸ ื™ืขืฆื˜, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก 

ืื™ื– ืฐืึทืจืฉืข ืึท ื˜ืจื™ื™ืกื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–, ื–ื™ ืฉืฒื™ื ื˜ ื“ืึธืš ืึทืจืฑืก 
ืื™ืŸ ื—ื•ืฉืš, ืื™ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื ืขืžื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืึทืจื•ื, 

ื ื™ื˜ืึธ, ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืึธืจื˜ ืฐื•ึผ ืžืขืŸ ื‘ืจืขื ื’ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื. 
ื“ื™ ื’ืึทื ืฆืข "ื’ื•ื‘ืขืจื ื™ืข" -- ืื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ื™ืงืข ื‘ืึธื“! 

ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืœื™ื˜ืข, ืื•ืงืจืึทื™ึดื ืข, ืื•ืŸ ืจื•ืกืœืึทื ื“ -- ืึธ, ื’ืึธื˜! 

ื“ื• ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ืกื˜ ื“ืึธืš ืึทืœื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืึธ, ืึทืœืฒืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜, 
ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืคืึธืœืง ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ืึธ ืื™ื, ืคืึทืจื‘ืจืขื ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขืฆืขืœื˜! 
ืึธืŸ ืึท ื‘ื™ืช-ืžื“ืจืฉ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืจ'ืขืจื“ ื“ืึธ ืื•ืŸ ืึธืŸ 

ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ... ืึธืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื•ื•ืขืกื˜ื• ื“ืขืŸ ื˜ืึธืŸ? 

ื•ื•ืขืจ ื–ืึธื’ื˜ {ืื™ื ืขื} ืชึผื”ืœื™ื? ืฐืขืจ ืœืึธื–ื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ืœ ืึท ื˜ืจืขืจ? 
ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจ? ื•ื•ืขืจ ืฐืขื˜ ืœืฒึทื“ืŸ ืื•ืžื–ื™ืกื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“? 
ื•ื•ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืฆื•ื ื”ื™ืžืœ? ืื•ืŸ ื“ื• - 

ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืจื™ื™ืกื˜ -- ื•ื•ืขืžืขืŸ ืฉื™ืงืกื˜ื•? ื–ืึธื’ ื•ื•ืขืžืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฐื•ึผ? 
ื•ืขืจ ื“ืึทืจืฃ ื–ื™ ื“ืขืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ? ื“ื™ ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ื“ืึธืš ื ื™ื˜! 

ืื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ? ืฐืึธืก ื“ืึทืจืฃ ืึท ื’ืขื”ืจื’ืขื˜ืขืจ ื™ื™ื“ 

ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืจื™ื™ืกื˜? ื–ื™ ืคืึทืœื˜ ื•ื™ ื“ืฒึทื™ืŸ ื–ื•ื ืฉืฒื™ืŸ ืื•ืžื–ื™ืกื˜ 
ืื•ื™ืฃ ืงื‘ืจื™ื, ืื™ืŸ ืคืขืœื“ืขืจ ืฆืขื’ืจืึธื‘ืขื ืข ื•ื•ื™ืกื˜.., 

ืื™ื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข, ื–ื™ ืึธื˜ืขืžื˜ ื ืึธืš ืึธืคึผ ืขืคึผืขืก ืคืจื™ื™, 

ืฉื˜ื™ื™ ื’ืึธื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืคื™ื ืคื˜ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ืžืึทืžืขืŸ ื™ืขืฆื˜ ื‘ื™ื™! 


ืฐืึทืจืฉืข -- ื–ื™ ืจื•ืคื˜ ืžื™ืš, ื–ื™ ืฉื™ืงื˜ ื ืึธืš ืึทื ืึทื ื“ 
ืืฑื˜ืึธืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ืืฑื˜ืึธืก: ืึธ ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืก'ืœืึทื ื“! 


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"ืฐืึธืก ื“ืึทืจืคื˜ ืื™ืจ ืžื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ? ืื™ืš... ืื™ืš ืึทืœืฒืŸ - 
ืื™ืš ื“ืึทืจืฃ ื“ืึธืš ืืฒึทื™ืš ืžืขืจืขืจ... ื ืึธืจ ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ, 
ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ืื™ืŸ ืขื ื’ืŸ ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขื ื’ืขืคึผืจืขืกื˜ - 

ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ ื“ืขืจื˜ืจื™ื ืงื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ ื“ืขืจืขืกื˜, 

ืžืขืŸ ืฉื˜ืึทืจื‘ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืึทืกืŸ ื‘ืฒึท ืืฒึทืš, ืžืขืŸ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืก, 
ืžืขืŸ ืฐืึทืจืคื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ื ืึทืงืขื˜ ื“ื™ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ืข ืึทืจืฑืก 

ืื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืขืœื ื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืฉืจืขืงืœืขืš ื“ื™ ื ื•ื™ื˜ - 

ื–ื™ ืœืขื‘ื˜ ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ืฐืึทืจืฉืข! ื–ื™ื™ื– ืฉื˜ืึทืจืงืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜, 

ื–ื™ ื“ืึทืจืฃ ืžื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ! ืื™ืš ืคืึธืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืึทื”ื™ืŸ! 

ืขืก ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ืฆื• ืžื™ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืŸ... 

ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืžื•ืจื: ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืŸ ื“ืึทืจืฃ ืžื™ืš ืื•ื™ืš ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืžืขืจ - 
ืึธืคึผื ืขืžืขืงื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“... 

ื“ื™ ื”ืฒึทื™ื–ืขืจ -- ื–ื™ ื‘ืœืฒึทื™ื‘ืŸ, ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ ืื•ื™ืš - 

ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ -- ื–ื™ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืจื•ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื™ ืจื•ื™ืš... 

ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืกื˜ ืžืขืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทื’ืึธื ืขืก ืื•ืŸ -- ืคื™ื•! 

ืื™ืŸ ื•ื™ืกื˜ืข ืื™ืŸ ืคืขืœื“ืขืจ... ืžืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืึทืฐื•ึผืŸ?} 

ืื™ืš ืคืึธืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข ืฆื• ืื™ื™ืš ื“ืึธืจื˜... ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ 
ืึท ืœื•ื•ื™ื”...ืŸ"} ืื•ืŸ ืก'ื›ืึทืคึผื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื‘ืฒึทื ืงืึธืคึฟ... 


ืกื•ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื’ืขื–ืึทื ื’ 


ื’ืขื–ืึทื ื’ ื’' 


ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืึท ืœื•ื•ื™ื” -- ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืŸ ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจืœืขื ื“ื˜, 

ื—ืจื•ื‘ ื“ื™ ืฉื•ืœืŸ, ื“ื™ ืชึผื•ืจื•ืช ื’ืขืฉืขื ื“ื˜, 

ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ื”ืฒึทื–ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืžืขืŸ ืคืึทืจืฐื•ื™ืกื˜ 

ื“ื™ ื–ื•ืŸ ืฉืฒึทื ื˜ ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืžื–ื™ืกื˜, 

ืื•ืžื–ื™ืกื˜ ืจืฒึทืกื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจ ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ - 
ื ื™ื˜ืึธ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืฐืึธืก ื–ืึธืœ ื ื”ื ื” ื–ืฒึทืŸ 

ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืœื™ื›ื˜, ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฐืึทืจืขืžืขืŸ ื’ืœืึทื ืฅ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื•ื™ื‘ 


92 


ืฐืึธืก ื–ืึธืœ ื“ืึทื ืงืขืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ: ืื™ืš ื’ืœื•ื™ื‘ 

ืื™ืŸ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื—ืกื“ ืฐืึธืก ืงื•ืžื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืœื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก, 
ื ืึธืจ ืฐืึธืก, ื˜ืึทื˜ืข-ืคืึธื˜ืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก ืงื•ืžื˜ ื“ื™ืจ ืึทืจืฑืก 

ืฐืึธืก ื“ื• ืฉื™ืงืกื˜ ืื™ื ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืœื™ื›ื˜ ืงืœืึธืจ ืึทืจืึธืคึผ ื“ืึธ ืึทื”ืขืจ, 
ื ื™ื˜ืึธ ื“ืึธ, ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ, ื ื™ื˜ืึธ ื–ื™ื™ ื“ืึธ ืžืขืจ... 

ืึทื—ื•ืฅ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉืึธืกืขื ืข ื“ืึธ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘, 

ื–ื™ ืœื™ื’ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืขื˜ ื ืึธืš ืื•ืŸ ื•ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื’ืจื•ื‘, 

ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืขื ื‘ืขื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืขืจ ื‘ืœื•ื˜, 

ื–ื™ื™ ืœื™ื’ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ, ืœื™ื’ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ื•ืžื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทืจื•ื˜, 

ืื•ืžื–ื™ืกื˜ ืคืึทืœื˜ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืœื™ื›ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ืข ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืขื˜, 
ืื•ืžื–ื™ืกื˜ ื“ืฒึทื ืข ืงื•ืฉืŸ, ืื•ืžื–ื™ืกื˜ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ื’ืœืขื˜, 

ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืœื™ื›ื˜, ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ื’ืึธื˜, ืคืึทืœื˜ ืื•ืžื–ื™ืกื˜ ื•ื™ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืจืขืจ, 
ื–ื™ื™ ืขืคืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืžืขืจ! 


ืึทื–ืฑ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืฒึทื–ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืึทื–ืฑ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืึทืก- 

ืึธ, ื’ืึทืกึฐืŸ ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืขืจ ืฐื™ ืจื•ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื™ ื ืึทืก! 

ื ืึทืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืขืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืจื•ื˜ ืคื•ื ืขื ื‘ืœื•ื˜-- 

ืฐืฑื™ืœ ืืฒึทื™ืš, ื“ืขืจื”ืจื’ืขื˜ืข, ืื™ึทื™ืš ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ื•ื˜! 

ื”ื’ื ืฉื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืžืึทืจืš ืคื•ืŸ ืฆืขืฉืžืขื˜ืขืจื˜ืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ 

ืงื•ืงืŸ ืฆื•ื ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืฑื™ืขืจ ืึทืจืึธืคึผ, 

ืงื•ืงืŸ ืื™ื ืึธืŸ, ืึธืŸ ื’ืขื“ืึทื ืง, ืงืึทืœื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคืจืขืžื“. 

ืึธ, ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืžื•ื—, ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืึทื–ืฑ ื˜ืขืžืคึผ! 

ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื”ื™ื™ืก ืฐืึธืก ื’ืขื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ ืขืจืฉื˜, ื’ืขื‘ืจืขื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืจื™ื˜ 
ืื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ... ืก'ืื™ื– ืื™ื ื’ื•ื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ, ื“ืขื ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ืŸ, ื“ืขื ื™ื™ึธื“... 
ื”ื’ื ืก'ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ืฐืึทืจืขื ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ ืฉืึทืจืœืึทืš ืจื•ื™ื˜ืŸ...ืŸ 
ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ื˜ืฑื˜ืข ืฐืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜, 

ืฐืึธืก ืจืึทื ื’ืœืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื ืึธืš ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื˜ื•ื˜ ื ืขื‘ืขืš ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ, 

ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึทืก, ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืง, ื ื™ื˜ ืึทื”ื™ืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ ืึทื”ืขืจ, 

ืžืขืŸ ืœื™ื’ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจืขื ืขืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื’ื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืจ-- 
ื’ืขืฉืึธืกืขื ืข ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจืฉืึธืกืŸ ื‘ื™ื– ื’ืึธืจ... 

ืึธ, ืœื™ื’ื ืขืจื™ืฉ ืœืขื‘ืŸ, ืึธ ืœืขืฉ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืื•ื™ืก! 


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ื ืขื, ื˜ืฑื™ื˜, ืื•ื ื“ื–, ืฐืึธืก ืฐืึธืจ ืื™ื–, ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืก 
ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉ ืžื—ืžืช ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ืกืงื™ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฆื™ืœื˜ ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ ื“ื™ ืงื•ื™ืœ. 
ืฐืฑืœ ื“ื™ ื’ืขื”ืจื’ืขื˜ืข ื™ื™ื“ืŸ ื“ืึธ, ืฐื•ื™ืœ! 


ืึทื–ืฑ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืึทืกืŸ, ืึทื–ืฑ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืง - 

ืžืขืŸ ืœื•ื™ืคื˜ - ื”ืขื ื˜ ืคืึทืจื‘ืจืึธื›ืŸ, ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืขืจืง, 
ืžืึทืžืขืก ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืึทื˜ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืขื›ื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืŸ 

ืฐื•ึผ ืœื•ื™ืคื˜ ืื™ืจ ืขืก, ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ, ืึธ, ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืฐื•ึผ ืึทื”ื™ืŸ? 

"ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ -- ืžื™ืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ื 'ืก ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ 

ืžืขืŸ ื™ืึธื’ื˜... ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜'ืก ืฐื•ึผ ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื’ืขื™ืึธื’ื˜ืŸ... ื™ื™ื– 
ื“ืขื ื–ื•ืŸ ื˜ืจืขืคื˜ ืึท ืงืฑืœ ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ืœืึธื–ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึทืจืึธืคึผ - 

ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึทื˜ืข ืœื•ื™ืคื˜ ืฐืฒึทึทื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืึธืคึผ. 
ื”ื•ื™ื˜-ื‘ื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืึท ืžืึทืžืข ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืœื˜ ืฐื™ ืึท ื‘ืœืฒึท- 

ื“ื™ ื˜ืึธื›ื˜ืขืจ ื–ื™ ื–ืขื˜ ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืœื•ื™ืคื˜ ืื™ืจ ืคืึทืจื‘ื™... 

ืขืก ื™ืึธื’ื˜ ื“ืึธืš ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ!... "ืžืข ื™ืึธื’ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–, ื™ืึธ, ื™ืึธ..." 
ืžืขืŸ ืฉื™ืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ืฐื™ื–ื˜ืึธืก, ืึท ืฉืึธืก-- ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ืึธ! 
ื ื™ืฉื˜ืึธ ืื™ื ื“ืขื ืืฑื˜ืึธ, ื ื™ืฉื˜ืึธ ื“ืขื ืขืก-ืขืก... 

ื ื™ืฉื˜ืึธ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึทื“ ืžืขืจ, ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึทืก ืœื™ื’ื˜ ืึท ืžืช, 

ืžืขืŸ ืฉื™ืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืืฑื˜ืึธืก ืึทืจืฑืก ืื•ืŸ ืžืขืŸ ื˜ืจืขืคื˜, 

ืฐืฑืœ ื“ืขื ืฐืึธืก ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ ื’ืขืคึผืœืขืคื˜ 

ืฐืฑื™ืœ ื“ืขื ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธืคื™ื ืขื ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืœื•ื™ืฃ 

ืฐืฑืœ ื•ื•ืขืจ ื’ืขืคืึทืœืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึทืก, ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืฃ, 

ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘, ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืขื˜, ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืขืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื”ื•ื™ื– - 
ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึธืจื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืึทื’ืจืึธื‘ืŸ - ืื•ืŸ-- ืืฑืก! 


ืื•ื™ืก... ืื•ื™ืก... ืขืจ ืžืึทื›ื˜ ืฉืœื•ื ืžื™ื˜ ืึธื˜ ืึทื–ืึธ ื˜ืฑื˜? 

ืึท ื—ืœื‘ืŸ ืœื™ื›ื˜ืœ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ ืงื ื•ื™ื˜, 

ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ื˜ืึทื˜ืข ืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืžืœ, ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื ื™ื™ืŸ! 

ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืœืึธื–ื˜ ื“ืึธืš ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืจ'ืขืจื“ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื™ื™ืŸ! - 


ืขืœ ;ืขื• 


604 


ืึท ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ื“ืึทืจืฃ ื“ืึธืš ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืœืข ืฉื˜ื•ื™ื‘, 
ืฆื• ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืึท ื˜ืจืขืจ ื“ืึธืจื˜, ืื™ื ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืœืฑื‘.., 
ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืึทืจืึธืคึผืœืฒื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ -- 
ื“ืขืจืœืึธื– ื ื™ื˜, ืจื‘ื•ื ื•ื™ืฉืœ-ืขื•ืœื, ืึธ ื ื™ื™ืŸ, 

ืœืึธื– ื–ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ืฐืึทืœื’ืขืจืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืง - 

ื“ื• ืงื•ืงืกื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืœืขื‘'ื“ื™ืงืข ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ื ื™ื˜, ืงื•ืง 

ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ืข... ื“ื™ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ืข ื–ื™ื™ ื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืึทืจืฑืฃ 
ืคืึทืจืœืึธืฉืขื ืข ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ืจ, ืฆื•ื ืื™ืŸ ืกื•ืฃ -- 
ื‘ืึทื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ ื–ื™ื™, ื“ื™ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ืข, ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ - ื•ื•ื™ื™, ื•ื•ื™ื™.., 
ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืš ืคื•ืœ ืึทืœืข ื’ืึทืกืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™, 

ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืŸ! ืึทืœืข ื’ืึทืกืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืกืงื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืžืขืจืง, 
ืขืก ืฐืึทืœื’ืขืจืŸ ืžืชื™ื ื–ื™ืš ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข -- ื‘ืขืจื’! 
ื’ืขื”ืจื’ืขื˜ืข ืึทืœืข, ื’ืขื˜ื•ื™ื˜ ืึธืŸ ืึท ืฆืึธืœ 

ืื•ืŸ ืึทืœืข ื–ื™ื™ ืฉืจืฒึทืขืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ืจ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืงื•ืœ; 

"ื“ื• ื”ืขืœืคืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืฒึทื ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–, ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื ื•ื™ื˜, 
ื˜ื• ื—ืกื“ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™, ื’ืึธื˜, ืฐืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜!" 


ื“ืขืจ ืจื‘ื™ -- ืขืจ ืœืึธื–ื˜ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืึทืจื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ -- 

ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืจืขืจืŸ ืฐื™ ื‘ืึธื‘ ืงืึทืคึผืขืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืข ืึทืจืึธืคึผ... 

ืฐืึธืก ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ืขืจ, ื“ืขืจ ืจื‘ื™? ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ืขืจ - ืคืึทืจ ืฐืึธืก 
ืœืึธื–ื˜ ืขืจ, ื“ืขื ืงืึธืคึผ ื˜ื™ืฃ ืึทืจื•ื ื˜ืขืจ? ื ื™ื˜ ืœืึธื– 

ืึธ, ืึทืจืึธืคึผ ืื™ื, ื”ื•ื™ื‘ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ื™ื™ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฐื™ื™ืŸ! 

ืื•ืŸ ื–ืึธืœืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืฆืขืจ ื“ืึธ ืฆืขื’ื™ื™ืŸ... 

ืื•ืŸ ื–ืขืŸ ื–ืึธืœืŸ ืึทืœืข, ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืคื•ืœืข, ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืจืขืจ - 

ืึธ ืœืึธื– ื ื™ื˜ ืึทืจืึธืคึผ ืื™ื, ื“ืขื ืงืึธืคึผ ื“ืฒึทื ืขื ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ... 
ื˜ืึธืจืกื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืึทืฐื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืฐืึธืก ืก'ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืขืŸ. 
ื‘ืึทื”ืึทืœื˜ ื–ื™, ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืขืจ ื ื™ื˜, ืึธ ื–ืึธืœ ืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ ื–ืขืŸ... 
ื“ืขืจืฉื˜ื™ืง ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืงืจืขื›ืฅ ื˜ื™ืฃ, ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืžืึทืจืฅ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืึทื”ืึทืœื˜ - 
ืฆืขืงืจืขื›ืฅ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืงื•ืœ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื’ืฐืึทืœื“! 

ืฉืจืฒึท ืื•ื™ืก ืฐืฒึทื˜ ื“ืขื ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง, ืจื•ืฃ ื”ื•ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืก ื“ื™ ื‘ืจืึธืš, 
ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืฐืึทืœื“ ืฉืคึผืึทืœื˜ ื“ื™ ืขืจื“, ืžืึทื›ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืžืœ ืึท ืœืึธืš... 


95 


ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืฒึทืฐืœ ืฉืคึผืจื™ื ื’ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื˜ื™ืฃ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืึธื˜ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืึทืจืึธืคึผ - 
ืึธ, ืœืึธื– ื ื™ื˜ ืึทืจื•ื ื˜ืขืจ, ื“ืขื ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืŸ, ื“ืขื ืงืึธืคึผ, 

ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืจืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ื’ ืึธืคืŸ, ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืจืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ - 
ื–ืึธืœ ืื•ื™ืคื˜ืจื™ื™ืกืœืขืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืื™ืจ, ื“ืขืจ ื–ื™ื ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜, 

ืึธ, ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ ื“ืขืจื–ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืจืขืจ - 


ื™ื˜ 


ืึธ, ืœืึธื– ื ื™ื˜ ืึทืจืึธืคึผ ืื™ื, ื“ืขื ืงืึธืคึผ ื“ืฒึทื ืขื ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ. 


ื“ 


ื“ืขืจ ืจื‘ื™ ืฆืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš... ืึธ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜, ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ืขืœ! 
ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ืขืœ ื“ื™ืจ ื“ืึธืก ืคึผื ื™ื, ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืขืŸ ื–ืึธืœ'ืก ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜... 
ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜, ืึทืš ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜! ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ื ืขื‘ืขืš - ืึธืš 

ื–ื™ ืงืขืŸ, ื—ืก-ื•ืฉืœื•ื, ืคืึทืจืฉืขืžื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื ืึธืš... 

ืึท ืžืขืฉื‚ื” ื–ื™ืš ืึธื ื˜ืึธืŸ, ื—ืœื™ืœื”-ื•ื—ืก -- 

ืคื•ืŸ ืึธืคึผื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ืจืฑื™ืœ ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื–ืขืŸ ื“ืขื ืฉืคึผืึทืก... 
ืก'ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ืงืขืŸ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืคึผืœืึธื’ืŸ ืื™ืจ -- ืื™ื™! 

ืก'ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ, ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ืก - ื ืึธืจ ืขืก ื”ืึทืœื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจื‘ื™ื™... 
ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืžืึทื›ื ื™ืก, ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ืงื•ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•-- 

ืึธ, ื•ื•ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืŸ ืื™ื– ืขืจื’ืขืจ? ื–ืึธื’, ื“ื•ื™ 

ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ืื™ื ื“ืขื ืงืึธืคึผ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืŸ, ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื ื™ื™ืŸ! 
ืื•ืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ื”ืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜, ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ืŸ. 

ื ื™ื˜ ืฉืคึผื™ื’ืœืขืŸ ืึท ืฉืžื•ืฆื™ืงืข ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืจืขืจ, 

ื–'ื”ืึธื˜ ืœื™ื‘ ื“ื™ ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื, ื“ื™ ื–ื™ื ื“ ืœื™ื‘ื˜ ื–ื™ ืžืขืจ, 

ืขืก ืฐืฒึทืกืœื˜ ืื™ืจ ืื•ื™ื’ ื–ื™ืš, ื“ืขืจ ื ืคืฉ ืื™ื– ืฉืฐืึทืจืฅ, 

ื–ื™ ื–ื™ื ื“ื™ืงื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืงืœืึทืคึผื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืขืช-ืžืขืฉื‚ื” ืื™ืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฅ, 
ืื•ืŸ ื’ืจืึธื‘ ืื™ื– ืื™ืจ ื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ื“ืœ ืื™ืจ ืฉืคึผืจืึทืš, 
ืื™ืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฅ ื–ื™ื‘ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืœืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืึทื ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืชึผื "ืš... 

ืึธ, ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ืงืึธืคึผ ืื•ื™ืฃ, ืึธ, ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ืื™ื ื ื™ื˜, ื ื™ื™ืŸ! 
ืื•ืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืขืŸ ื“ื™ืš, ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜, ื•ื™ ื“ื• ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืกื˜. 


ื– 
ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜, ืึทืš, ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜... ืฐืขืจ ื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜, 
ื ื™ื˜ืึธ, ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืกื™ืžืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขืฆืขืœื˜, 

6 


ื“ืขื ืจื‘ื™ืก ื’ืขืฆืขืœื˜ ืœืึธื–ื˜ ื“ืขืจืฐืฒึทืœ ื–ื™ ืฆื•ืจื•, 

ื ื™ื˜ืึธ ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ, ื ืึธืจ ื’ืึธื˜ ื‘ืจื•ืš-ื”ื•ื, 

ื“ืขืจ ืจื‘ื™, ื“ืขืจ ืจื‘ื™ - ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฆืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜, 

ืฆืขืฐื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคืึทืจ ื’ืึธื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืขืก {ืื™ื–ืŸ ืื™ื ืึทืœืฅ ืื™ื™ื ืก 

ืฆื™ ื–ืขื˜ ื–ื™ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ืื™ื, ืฆื™ ื–ืขื˜ ื–ื™ ืื™ื ื ื™ื˜ - 

ืขืจ ืœื™ื™ืงื ื˜ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ืึธืคึผ, ื“ืขืจ ื ึนืกืชึผืจ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึธื“, 

ืขืจ ืœื™ื™ืงื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื•ื™ ื–ื™ ืœื™ื™ืงื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึธื˜ 

ืคืึทืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ืขืจ ืฐื™ื™ื ื˜ ื™ืขืฆื˜, ืคืึทืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืคืึทืจืฐืึธืจืคืŸ ื“ืขื ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืŸ, ืฆืขืฐื•ืฒื™ื˜ืึธื’ื˜ืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ -- 

ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืื™ื ืคืึทืจืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ืคืœื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืœืึธื–ื˜ ืื™ื ืึทืจืึธืคึผ. 

ืขืจ ืงืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜, ื“ืขืจ ืจื‘ื™, ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื•ื–ืขืŸ ื’ืึธื˜ืก ืคึผืฒึทืŸ, 

ืขืจ ืงืขืŸ ืื™ื ื ื™ื˜ ืงื•ืงืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผื ื™ื ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ, 

ืื™ืŸ ืคึผื ื™ื ืคืึทืจืฐืึธืœืงื ื˜, ืื™ืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฆืŸ ืคืึทืจืงืœืขืžื˜ - 

ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื™ื‘ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ, ื ืขื‘ืขืš, ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคืึทืจืฉืขืžื˜ืŸ,} 
ื“ืขืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ืœืขืจ, ืžืขืŸ ื”ืขืจื˜ ืงื•ื™ื ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืกืŸ -- } 
ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜, ื“ืขืจ ืจืึทื“ื–ื™ื ืขืจ ืจื—ืžื ื•ืช ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ื 

ืขืจ ืฐื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ - ืื•ืŸ ื’ืึธื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ื”ื™ื™ืก ื”ื™ื™ืก ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืจืขืจ - 
ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืœืึธื–ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืจืึทื“ื–ื™ื ืขืจ ื“ืขื ืงืึธืคึผ ืึทืจืึธืคึผ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ. 


ื‘ืึทืœื“ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืึท ืฉืœื™ื— ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข ื’ืขืฉื™ืงื˜ - 

ืžืขืŸ ืœืึธื–ื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ืœ ืึทืจืฒึทื™ืŸ ืื™ื, ืขืจ ืฐืึทืจืคื˜ ืฉื˜ื•ื ืึท ื‘ืœื™ืง 
ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืจื‘ื™ืŸ... ื“ืขืจ ืจื‘ื™, ื’ืขื‘ืจืึธื›ืŸ ืึท ื–ืฒึทืœ, 

ืขืจ ื–ืขื˜ ืื™ื ื ื™ื˜, ื”ืขืจื˜ ื ื™ื˜... ืขืจ ืฐืึทืจื˜ ื ืึธืš ืึท ืฐืฒึทืœ 
ืื•ืŸ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืฆื•ื ืจื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ืœืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜: 

ืคืึธืจ, ืจื‘ื™, ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข, ื“ืขืจ ืืฑื™ื˜ืึธ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜, 

ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืึท ืคืึทืจืžืึทื›ื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื– ื’ืึธืจ... 

"ืื™ืš ืคืึธืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข!" "ืคึผืึธืจ, ืจื‘ื™ื ื™ื•, ืคึผืึธืจ! 
ื“ืขืจ ืืฑื˜ืึธ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ, ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจืŸ ื”ื•ื™ื–, 

ื“ืขืจ ืฉืึธืคืขืจ ืึท ื“ืฒึทื™ื˜ืฉ... ืงื•ื, ืจื‘ื™ ืึทืจืฑืก, 

ืื•ืŸ ืคืึธืจ, ืคืึธืจ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–, ืฐืึทืจืฉืข ืฐืึทืจื˜..." 
ื“ืขืจ ืจื‘ื™ ืื™ื– ื‘ื™ื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ, ืขืจ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื˜ ืื™ื ื”ืึทืจื˜: 


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"ืื™ืš ืคืึธืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข!" "ืคืึธืจ ืจื‘ื™ื ื™ื•, ืคืึธืจ! 

ื“ืขืจ ืืฑื˜ืึธ ืื™ื– ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืœื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ืฉืคึผืึธืจ, 
ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื’, ื“ื™ ืกื›ึผื ื” ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก - 

ื ืึธืจ ื˜ืึธืžืขืจ ืึทืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืง -- ืžื™ืจ ืงื•ื™ืคืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืก... 

ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ ืืฒึทืš, ืจื‘ื™ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข, ื–ื™ ื’ืึทืจื˜ 

ื–ืขืŸ ืืฒึทื™ืš... ืืฒึทื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื‘ืฒึท ื–ื™ืš... ืฐืึทืจืฉืข ืฐืึทืจื˜..." 
"ืื™ืš ืคืึธืจ ื ื™ื˜, ืื™ืš ืคืึธืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข!... ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ 
ืึท ืœื•ื•ื™ื”.." ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืคืึทืœื˜ ืื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธืคึผ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืึทืจืึธืคึผ. 


ืึธ ืจื‘ื™, ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ื˜ืึธ - ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื‘ืฒึท (ื“ืฒึทืŸ} ื˜ื™ืจ, 
ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข ืงื•ืงื˜ ืืฑื™{ืก} ื“ื™ืจ, ืึธ ืจื‘ื™... "ื•ื•ื™ื™ ืžื™ืจ! 
ืฐืึทืจืฉืข ืงื•ืงื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ืžื™ืจ, ืฐืึทืจืฉืข ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜! 

ืื™ืš ืคืึธืจ ื ื™ื˜! ืึทืœื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืก ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืžื™ืš ืžืฒึทื™ืŸ ื’ืึธื˜! 
ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืš, ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ื•ื ื” ื”ื ื‘ื™ื, ืื™ืš ืฐืึธืœื˜ 
ื’ืขื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื ึดื™ื ื•ื•ึนื”... ื™ืึธ, ืื™ืš ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ 
ืจืึทื˜ืขืฐืขืŸ ื ื™ื ื•ื•ื”, ื“ื™ ื’ื•ื™ื™ื, ื“ื™ ืคื™-- 

ืฐืึทืจืฉืข ืื™ื– ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื ื“ื™ืง ื•ื™ ื–ื™... 

ืฐืึทืจืฉืข, ืžืฒึทื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข -- ื–ื™ ื“ืึทืจืฃ ื“ืึธืš ืžื™ืจ ื ื™ื˜ 
ืฐืึทืจืฉืข ื•ืœ ืจืึทื˜ืขืฐืขืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขื ืึท ื™ื™ื“, 

ืฐืึทืจืฉืข ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืจืึทื˜ืขืฐืขืŸ ืžื™ืš ื’ืึธืจ, ื–ื™ ื•ื•ื™ืœ 
ืึทืฐืขืงืคื™ืจืŸ ืžื™ืš ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื’ื™ืš, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื™ืœ, 

ื–ื™ ืฉื™ืงื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืึทืŸ ืืฑื˜ืึธ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืœื˜ ืฆื•... ืึทื”ืขืจ! 
ืึทื”ืขืจ ื’ื™ื‘ ื“ืึธืก ื’ืขืœื˜ ืžื™ืจ, ืื•ืŸ ืžืขืจืขืจ ื’ื™ื‘, ืžืขืจ! 
ืื™ืš ื“ืึทืจืฃ ื–ื™ื™ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืœื˜ืขืจ, ืึท ืกืš, ื’ืึธืจ ืึท ืกืš -- 

ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืึธืœืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืฆื•ืฉื™ืงืŸ ื’ืขืœื˜ืขืจ ืžื™ืจ ื ืึธืš... 

ื›'ื“ืึทืจืฃ ืจืึทื˜ืขืฐืขืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ืข... ืึท ื˜ืฑื˜ืขืจ ืึท ื™ื™ื“ 
ืœืขื›ืฆื˜ ื ืึธืš ืึท ืงื‘ืจ, ื•ื•ื™ืœ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื˜... 

ื•ื•ื™ืœ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื ื•ื—ื”... ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืจื•-- 
ืงื‘ื•ืจื”-ื’ืขืœื˜, ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ, ืฉื™ืงื˜ ืงื‘ื•ืจื”-ื’ืขืœื˜ ืฆื•!" 


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ื“ืขืจ ืฉืœื™ื— ืคืึทืจืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื“ื˜ ืฐื•ื™ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ -- ื’ืขื”ื™ื™ื -- 
ื“ืขืจ ืจื‘ื™-- ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ื– ืึทืฐืขืง ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื”ื™ื™ื, 

ื“ืขืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืฃ ื’ื™ืš -- 

ืึท ืœืขื“ืขืจื ืข ืงื•ืจื˜ืงืข ืคืึทืจืฐืึธืจืคืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ื™ืš, 
ืคืึทืจืฐื•ื™ืงืœื˜ ืึท ืจื•ื™ื˜ืŸ ืึท ืฉืึทืœ ืึทืจื•ื ื”ืึทืœื“ื– -- 

ืึท ื’ืœืึทื ืฆื™ืงืŸ ื“ืึทืฉืขืง ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื•ื•ืœ -- ื“ืึธืก ืึทืœืฅ, 
ื’ื•ื™ื™ึดืฉืข ืงืœื™ื™ื“ืขืจ -- ืึท ื’ืฑ ื”ื•ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืœืึธื ื“, 

ื“ื™ ืจื‘ื™ืฆื™ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ืจื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจืงืึธื ื˜! 

ื“ืขืจ ืจื‘ื™, ื“ืขืจ ืจื‘ื™, ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ืขืœื˜, 

ืขืจ ื ืขืžื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืคึผืœืฒืฆืขืก ืึท ื–ืึทืง ืคื•ืœ ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืขืœื˜, 
ืื•ืŸ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื–ืึทืง ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืคึผืœืฒื™ืฆืขืก ืึทืจืฑืก 

ืฉื˜ื™ืœ -- ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื”ื•ื™ื–, 

ืื•ืŸ ืฉืคึผืจืฒื™ื–ื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ืฐื•ืœืึธื“ืึทืฐืขืจ ื’ืึทืกืŸ ืึทื–ืฑ - 

ืฆื™ ืื™ื– ืขืก ื“ืขืจ ืจื‘ื™? ืฆื™ ืื™ื– ืขืก ืึท ื’ืฑ? 

ืจื‘ื™, ืฐื•ื•ึผ ื’ื™ื™ืกื˜ื•? ืึธ, ื–ืึธื’ ืฐื•ึผ ืึทื”ื™ืŸ? 

ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจืคืขืจ, ืื•ื™ืฃ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืึทืจื•ื, ื‘ืฒึท ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืŸ, 

ืื™ืŸ ืคืขืœื“ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืฐื™ืกื˜ืข, ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื“ืขืจ -- ืงื•ืง, ืงื•ืง: 
ืึธื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืขืŸ ืฐืึทื’ืึธื ืขืก ืคืึทืจืžืึทื›ื˜ืข - ืึท ืฆื•ื’. 

ื“ื™ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ืข ืฐืึทื’ืึธื ืขืก-- ืฐืขืจ ืขืคื ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ืื•ื™ืฃ? 

ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจ? ืฐื•ืขืจ ืคืึทืจืงื•ื™ืคื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื“ื™ ืžืชื™ื? ืื™ืš ืงื•ื™ืฃ! 


ื™ื. 


ืื™ืš ืงื•ื™ืฃ! ืขืคื ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืฐืึทื’ืึธื ืขืก ืคืึทืจืฉืคึผืึทืจื˜ 
ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืจืขื ื’ื˜ ืžืฒึทื ืข ื˜ืฑื˜ืข ืฆื• ืžื™ืจ ื“ืึธ ืื™ืš ืฐืึทืจื˜. 
ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื’ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืคืขืœื“ ื“ืึธ ื›ึผืžืขื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืึท ืฐืึธืš, 
ืขืก ื”ืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืงืจืขื›ืฅ ื ื™ื˜, ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืึธืš, 
ืึท ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ืข ืึท ืฉื˜ื™ืœืงื™ื™ื˜ ื”ื™ืœื˜ ืืฒึทื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฆื•ื’ -- ื”ืขื™! 
ืคืึทืจืงื•ื™ืคื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื“ื™ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ืข, ืคืึทืจื”ืึทื ื“ืœื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื–ึดื™ื™ื• 
ืื™ืš ืฐื•ื™ืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื, ื‘ืึทืฆืึธืœื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื–ืึธืœ 
ืื™ื˜ืœืขื›ืขืจ ืžืช ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืจ ื‘ืจืขื ื’ื˜ ืžื™ืจ... ืื™ืš ืฆืึธืœ 


699 


ื“ืจืฒึท ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ ื’ื™ืœื“ืŸ ืคืึทืจ ืื™ื˜ืœืขื›ืŸ ืžืช, 

ื’ืขืคื™ื ื˜ ืื™ืจ ืึท ื™ื™ื“ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื–, ืขืœ-ืคึผื™ ื ืก 
ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ื‘ืฒึทื ืœืขื‘ืŸ -- ื›'ื‘ืึทืฆืึธืœ ืคืึทืจ ืื™ื ืžืขืจ-- 
ืื™ืจ ื’ื™ื˜ ืžืฒึทื ืข ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืึทืจืฑืก ืžื™ืจ ืึทื”ืขืจ! 

ืึท ื˜ืฑื˜ืŸ, ืึท ืœืขื‘'ื“ื™ืงืŸ -- ื’ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ืึทืจืฑืก, 

ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื’ ืฆื™ื˜, ืฆื™ื˜ ืœืึทื ื’ ื–ื™ืš, ืื™ ืœืึทื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก 
ืœืึทื ื’ ืฐื™ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืœื•ืช ืื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ืŸ,} 

ืื™ืš ื’ื™ื‘ ืืฒึทื™ืš ืึทืฐืขืง ื’ืึทื ืฅ ื“ืขื ื–ืึทืง ืคื•ืœ ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืขืœื˜, 
ืคืึทืจ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ืข, ืคืึทืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื ืึธืš 

ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื’ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืคืขืœื“ ื“ืึธ ื›ึผืžืขื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืึท ืฐืึธืš-- 
ืขืคื ื˜ ืื™ื ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืึทืจืžืึทื›ื˜ืŸ, ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืก 

ืื•ืŸ ื’ื™ื˜ ืžืฒึทื ืข ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืžื™ืจ, ื’ื™ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืึทืจืฑืก! 


ื™ื‘. 


ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขื ืจื‘ื™ื ืก ื“ืขืจ ืจื•ืฃ ืฉื˜ื™ืœืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜ 

ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจืคืขืจ ืคืึทืจืฐืึธืจืคืŸ, ืื•ื™ืฃ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉืคึผืจืฒื˜, 

ืื•ืŸ ืึธืจืขืžืข ืคึผื•ืฑืขืจื™ื ืงื•ืงืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืŸ-- 

ืื•ืŸ ื’ื ื‘ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืึทื’ืึธืŸ ืฆื• ืฐืึทื’ืึธืŸ 

ื“ืขืจ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืฆื• ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึทื ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื–ืฒึทื˜ 

ืื•ืŸ ืจืฒึทื˜ื˜ ืฉื ืขืœ ื“ื™ ืคึผืœืึธืžื‘ืข ืึทืจืึธืคึผ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทืคึผืจืฒึทื˜ 

ื“ื™ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืึธื’ืŸ, ืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืงืขืคึผ-- 

ืื•ืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื™ื™ื“ ื–ื™ืš ืฐืึธืก ืœืขื‘ื˜ ื ืึธืš, ืฐืึธืก ืœืขื‘ื˜ 
ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื™ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื“ืขืจืคืจื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ื, ื ื™ื˜ ืก'ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฉืึธื ืงืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืึธื˜... 

ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืึธืจ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื™ืžืขืจ, ื“ืขืจ ื’ืœืึทื ืฅ ืคื•ื ืขื ื’ืึธืœื“ 

ืึท ื™ื™ื“ ืื•ื™ื‘ ืขืจ ืœืขื‘ื˜ ื ืึธืš-- ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื˜ืึธืคึผืœื˜ ื‘ืึทืฆืึธืœื˜! 
ื“ืขืจืฆื• ืžื•ื– ืึท ื˜ืฑื˜ืขืจ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืฐื•ืขืจืŸ ื’ืขืฉืœืขืคึผื˜... 
ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ ื’ืึธืจ ืื™ื– ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืœืขื‘ื˜! 

ืžืขืŸ ืขืคื ื˜ ื ืึธืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ืฐืึทื’ืึธืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืœืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜ -- 
ื”ื•ื™ื‘ื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืฐืึทืงืœืขื ื“ื™ืง ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ 

ืžืขืŸ ื”ืึทืœื˜ ืื™ื ื ืึธืจ ืฆื• ืื•ืŸ ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ -- ืึธื˜, ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืคืึทืœื˜! 
ื“ื™ "ืœืขื“ืขืจื ืข ืงื•ืจื˜ืงืข" ื“ืขืจื–ืขื˜ ืื™ื ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืจืึทืœื˜ 


200 


ืื•ืŸ ืขืคื ื˜ ื“ืขื ื–ืึทืง ืื•ื™ืฃ - ื“ืขื ื™ื™ึธื“ ื’ื™ื‘ ืึทื”ืขืจ! 
ืึท ืฉืึธื“ ืฐืึธืก ื“ื™ ืœืขื‘'ื“ื™ืงืข ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืžืขืจ! 


ื™ื’. 


ื“ื™ ืœืขื“ืขืจื ืข ืงื•ืจื˜ืงืข, ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ื•ื•ืœ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธืจ, 

ื“ืขืจ ื’ืœืึทื ืฆื™ืงืขืจ ื“ืึทืฉืขืง, ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืœืึธื ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธืคึผ ื”ืึธืจ! 
ื“ืขืจ ืฐื•ึผืงืก, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืืฑื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืœืึธืจืข ื”ืขืœ ื‘ืœื•ื™-- 

ืฆื™ ืื™ื– ืขืก ื“ืขืจ ืจื‘ื™? ืฆื™ ืื™ื– ืขืก ืึท ื’ืฑ? 

ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื“ืœ, ื“ืึธืก ื•ื•ืขืœื“ืขืœืข ืฉืฐืึทืจืฆื˜, 
ื“ืขืจ ืจื‘ื™ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ื™ ืึทืจื‘ืœ ืคืึทืจืฉืึทืจืฆื˜ 

ืื™ืŸ ื”ืึทื ื˜ ื“ื™ ืœืึธืคึผืึทื˜ืข, ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืึธืคึผ 

ืžื™ื˜ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ื’ืขืจืึทื˜ืขืฐืขื˜ ืขืจืฉื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ื’ืจืึธื‘ื˜ 
ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ื’ืจืึธื‘ื˜ ืขืจ ืงื‘ืจื™ื ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืก, 

ืึท ื•ื•ืขืœื“ืขืœืข ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ืึท ื‘ื™ืช-ืขื•ืœืžืœ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก, 

ืžืขืŸ ื˜ืจืึธื’ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ื“ื™ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืš ื–ื™ื™ ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืš 

ื–ื™ ืœื™ื’ืŸ, ื•ื™ ืึธืคึผื’ืขื”ืึทืงื˜ ื‘ื•ื™ืžืขืจ, ืื™ืŸ ืžืึธืš 

ื–ื™ ืœื™ื’ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึทืจื˜ืŸ. ืึท ืงื‘ืจ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืœื“ 

ื’ืจืึธื‘ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื’ื™ืš ืึทื–ืฑ, ื ื™ื˜ ืึทื–ืฑ ื‘ืึทืœื“, 

ื“ื™ ืฆืึธืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืชื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื“ืขืœืข ืฐืึทืงืกื˜, 

ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืคืึทืจื’ืœื™ื™ื–ื˜ืข ื“ื™ ืคึผื ื™ืžืขืจ ืฐืึทืงืก, 

ื“ืขืจ ืžืชื™ื-ื‘ืึทืจื’ ืฐืึทืงืกื˜ ื”ื•ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืžืœ ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ื–ืึทืง ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื’ืขืœื˜ ืคื•ืœ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ื‘ื™ืกืœืขื›ืฐืฒึทื™ื– ืื™ื™ืŸ, 
ื“ืขืจ ืœืขืฆื˜ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ืงื“ื•ืฉ, ืžืขืŸ ื˜ืจืึธื’ื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืžืขืจ-- 
ื“ืขืจ ื–ืึทืง ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืœื™ื™ื“ื™ืงื˜, ืœื™ื™ื“ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ืœืขืจ! 


ื™ื“. 


ื“ืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทื’ื™ื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื“ื•ื™ืขืจื˜ ื‘ื™ื– ืฉืคึผืขื˜-- 

ืžืขืŸ ื–ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ื“ื™ ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืœืขืš ืขืจื“ ื ืึธืš, ืžืขืŸ ื–ืขื˜, 

ืžืขืŸ ืœื™ื’ื˜, ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธื ื˜ ืึทื–ืฑ ื ืึธื ื˜. 

ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืจืขื“ื˜ ื™ืขื“ืขืก ื‘ืขืจื’ืœ ืื•ืŸ ืžืึธื ื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืื•ืŸ ืžืึธื ื˜ 
ืžื™ืจ ืžืึธื ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜, ืžื™ืจ ืœื™ื’ืŸ ื‘ืึทืจื•ื˜ - 


701 


ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึธืจื‘ืŸ ื‘ืึทื’ืจืึธื‘ืŸ, ืขืก ืื™ื– ืื•ื ื“ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ื•ื˜... 

! ืฉื•ื™ืŸ, ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ... ื“ืึทื ืงืขืŸ ื’ืึธื˜, ืึธืคึผื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืจืึธืฃ - 
ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ืžืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ ืฉืึธืงืœืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื–ืฒื™: ืฉืœืึธืคื˜ 
ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืžื™ืœื™ืึธื ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจืฉื˜ื™ืงื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืึทืจืกืžื˜ 

ืฐืึธืœื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืึทื–ืึท ื”ืฒึทืคืœ ื–ืึทืžื“... 

ืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืฒึทื™ืš ืฆื• ืงื‘ืจ-ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ ื’ืขื‘ืจืึทื›ื˜.- 
ืฉืœืึธืคื˜ ื–ืฉืข... ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจ ืคืึทืœื˜ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืœื“ ื“ื™ ื ืึทื›ื˜ 
ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืœืขืจ ื“ื™ ืคึผืฒึทืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ืžืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™.- 
ื™ืชื’ื“ืœ! ืึธ ืฐืขืจ? ืฐืขืจ ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืงื“ื™ืฉ ื ืึธืš ื–ื™ื™? 

ื“ืขืจ ืจื‘ื™, ื“ืขืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืงื“ื™ืฉ, ืขืจ ื–ืึธื’ื˜ 

ืึท ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜, ื‘ืœื™ื ื“, ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืขืขื•ื•ื“ื™ืง ืงื•ืžื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฆืขื˜ืจืึธื’ื˜ 
ื“ื™ ื•ืฐืขืจื˜ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื˜ืจื•ื™'ืจื™ืงืข ืฐืฒึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื“ 

ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืึธืคึผ ืืžืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜. 

ืึทืœื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจืึทื“ื–ื™ื ืขืจ, ื“ืขืจ ืจื‘ื™ ืึทืœืฒืŸ -- 

ื“ืขืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืงื“ื™ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ืขืžืขืฆืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜... 


43- 6/1 
ื˜ื•. 


ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ืขืก? ื•ื•ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ืขืก ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื ืึทื›ื˜? 
ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ืึธืš ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ืข ื’ืขื‘ืจืึทื›ื˜ 

ืฆื• ืงื‘ืจ-ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ, ืื™ืจ, ืื™ืจ ืœืขื‘ื˜-- 
ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืœืึธื–ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืึทืจื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืงืขืคึผ..ืŸ.ืŸ 
ื•ื™ ื–ึฐืžึดื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืจื‘ื™, ืžื™ืจ ืคืจื™ื™ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฉื˜ื•ื 
ื‘ืึทื’ืจืึธื‘ืขื ืข ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื -- ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืคืŸ - } 

ืึท ืžืึทืžืขืก ืึท ื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ ืฆื™ ืึท ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืœืข. ืขืจื“, 

ืžื™ืจ ืคืจื™ื™ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืจื‘ื™ ืฐืึธืก ืื•ื ื“ื– ืื™ื– ื‘ืึทืฉืขืจื˜ 
ื’ืขืจืึทื˜ืขืฐืขื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื”ืขืœืคืŸ ืืฒื™ืš, ื™ืึธ, 
ื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื• ืงื‘ืจ-ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ ื–ื™ื™ ื“ืึธ... 

ืžื™ืจ ืคืจื™ื™ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืจื‘ื™" ... ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืœ 
ื ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ืขื ืจื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื ืึทื›ื˜ ื˜ื™ืฃ ื’ืขื”ื™ืœื˜..ืŸ.ืŸ 

ื“ืขืจ ืจื‘ื™-- ืขืจ ืงืขืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืจื•ื™ืง ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 


202 


ืขืจ ืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ืฆื• ืึทืŸ ืื•ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื”ืขืจื˜, ื”ืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืฒื™ืŸ: 
ืขืžืขืฆืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ื“ืึธ... ื“ื™ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ืข ื“ืึธืš ื ื™ื˜, 

ื“ื™ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืขื ืข ื–ื™ืฆืŸ ื“ืึธ ืžื™ื“, 

ื“ื™ ืคึผื•ืขืจื™ื ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืึทืฐืขืง ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืึทื”ื™ื™ื - 

ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจื‘ืึธืจื’ืŸ ืึทื–ืฑ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื”ื™ื™ื? 

ืฆื™ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืคื•ื ืขื ื‘ืึทืจื’ ืขืก, ืฆื™ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืึธืœ 
ื“ืขืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ื ืึธืš, ื ืึธื›ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืขื ื“ืŸ ืงื•ืœ... 


ื˜ื–. 


ืขืจ ื–ืขื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืขื’... ื ืึธืจ ืขืจ ืคื™ืœื˜, ืขืจ ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ 
ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก ืื™ื, ื“ืขืจ ืจื‘ื™, ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืขื’ ืฐื•ึผ ืขืจ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ 

ืขืจ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืขืก ืฆื•ื ืฆื•ื’ ืฆื•, ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื ืึธืš ืื™ืŸ ืคืขืœื“-- 
ืื•ืŸ ืึธื˜-- ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื ื” ื”ืึธื˜ ืคึผืœื•ืฆืœื™ื ื’ ืคืึทืจื”ืขืœื˜, 

ื–ื™ืึทืจืฑืก ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืฐืึธืœืงืŸ ื’ืขื“ื™ื›ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ืจืึทืœื˜ 

ื“ืขื ืื™ื™ื ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืฆื•ื’ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืœื™ื›ื˜ ื‘ืœืึทืก ืื•ืŸ ืงืึทืœื˜, 
ืฐืึทื’ืึธื ืขืŸ ืฐื™ ืงื‘ืจื™ื ื’ืขืขืคื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืœ, 

ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืฐืึทื’ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืึธืคึผืขื ืขื ืžื•ื™ืœ, 

ื“ืขืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื‘ืึทื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ ืื™ื ื‘ืฒึทื ื‘ืœืึทืกืŸ ื‘ืฒึทื ืฉืฒึทืŸ: 
ื ื™ื˜ืึธ ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื™ ืก'ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื•ืขืจ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ! 
ืื™ื ืฐื™ื™ื ื™ืง ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจ-- ื“ืขืจ ืจื‘ื™ ืคืจืขื’ื˜ ืึธืŸ: | 
ืฐืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜? ื–ืึธื’ ื•ื•ืขืจ? ืื•ืŸ ื–'ืึทืจืฒื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทื’ืึธืŸ, 
ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจืกื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื ืงืœ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืึธืจื˜, 
ืคืึทืจืฉื•ื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืฒื™ื˜ืึธื’ืŸ, ืืฒึทืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื”ืึธืจื›ื˜ 

ืฆื• ื“ืขื ืจื‘ื•ื ื•ื“ืฉืœ-ืขื•ืœืžืก ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ืŸ, 

ื“ืขืจ ืจื‘ื™ ืื™ื– ืœืึทื ื’ ื ืึธืš ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, 

ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื™ื“ื™ืงืŸ, ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจืŸ ื˜ื™ืคืŸ ืฐืึทื’ืึธืŸ -- 

ื“ืขืจ ืจื‘ื™ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืจื™ืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ 

ืฆื•ื ืื™ื™ื‘ืขืจืฉื˜ื ืก ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ื“ืจื™ื™ืกื˜ 
ื’ืขืฉื•ื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฐืึธืจื˜ ืื™ื ื’ืขื˜ืจื™ื™ืกื˜ {.ืŸ 


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7203 


ื™ืŸ, 


ืขืจ ืฐืขื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืฒื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื‘ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ื˜ืจื™ื™ืกื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืฒึทืŸ, 
ืจ'ื“ืึทืจืฃ ื‘ื™ืœื›ืขืจ ืคื™ืœ ืžื ื—ื-ืึธื‘ืœ |ื“ืึธืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ!-- 

ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉืขืžื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฆืขืงืœืขืžื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื’ืึธื˜ืก ืขืจื“... 

ื“ืขืจ ืจื‘ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืึทืœืฅ ื ืึธืš ืื•ืŸ ื”ืขืจื˜ ื ืึธืš ืื•ืŸ ื”ืขืจื˜ 
ืจื‘ื™, ื“ื• ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืึธืจื˜... ื“ื• ืคึผึผืจื•ึผื•ื• ื’ื™ื™ืŸ 

| ืื•ืŸ ื”ืขืจ ืื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืฐืึทื’ืึธืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ืŸ 

ืื™ืŸ ื“ืจื™ื˜ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืคืขืจื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฐืฒึทื™ื˜ืขืจ-- ื’ื™ื™ ื”ืขืจ 

ืฐืึธืก ืึท ืฐืึทื’ืึธืŸ ืึทืœืฅ ื‘ื™ื˜ืขืจืขืจ ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืขืจ, 

ืึทืœืฅ ื’ืจืขืกืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ืฐืฒื™ื˜ืึธื’, ืึทืœืฅ ื˜ื™ืคืขืจ ื“ื™ ืงืœืึธื’ 

ื”ืขืจ ืฆื• ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ื–ืึธื’ ืื™ื ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืึธืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜, ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืึธื’ื•!ืŸ 

ื“ื• ื“ืึทืจืคืกื˜ ืื™ื ื ื™ื˜ ื˜ืจื™ื™ืกื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืจื™ื™ืกื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ื™ 
ืฐืึธืก ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืึท ื˜ืจื™ื™ืกื˜ ื ืขื‘ืขืš... ืก'ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ืฆื• ืคึฟืจื™..ืŸ.ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ืจื‘ื™ ืขืจ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืึทื’ืึธืŸ ืฆื• ืฐืึทื’ืึธืŸ 

ืื•ืŸ ื–ืึทืคึผื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ืื™ื™ื‘ืขืจืฉื˜ื ืก ื˜ืจืขืจืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืŸ 

ืื•ืŸ ื˜ื™ืฃ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฆืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืจืขืงืŸ,ืŸ 
ืคืึทืจื˜ืึธื’ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืจื‘ื™ ืฆื•ื ื•ื•ืขืœื“ืœ ืึทืฐืขืงืŸ.| 

ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ื’ืขืจืึทื˜ืขืฐืขื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึทืจื˜ 

ื’ืขืฐืึทืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืจื‘ื™ืŸ, ืขืจ ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึทืจื˜: 

"ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฐืœืึธื“ืึทืฐืข, ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ!" ืื•ืŸ ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื’ืึธืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ืึธืš, 

ืขืจ ืœืึธื–ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ ื‘ืึทืœื“, ื–ื™ ื’ื™ื™ืขืŸ ืื™ื ื ืึธืš. 


ื™ื—. 


ื“ืขืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื–ื™ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜-- ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจืฉืฒึทื ื˜, 
ืขืจ ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ื˜ ืคืึทืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื”ื•ื™ื– ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ, 
ืขืจ ืงืœืึทืคึผื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ื™ืจ ืึธืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืืฒึทื™ืœืขื ื™ืฉ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก: 
ื ื™ื™ื–ื˜ืจืึธื’ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืœื™ืช ื•ืชึผืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ืึทืจืฑืก! 

ื“ืขื ืงื™ื˜ืœ ื“ืขื ืฐืฒึทืกืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืจืขื ื’ื˜ ืื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ืœ..." 
ื“ื™ ืฉื•ืœ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ืคืึทืจืคื•ืœื˜! 

ื“ืขืจ ืขื•ืœื ืฆืขืฉืจืึธืงืŸ: ื“ืขืจ ืจื‘ื™-- ื•ื•ื™ื™, ื•ื•ื™ื™-- 

ืื™ื– ื‘ืœืึทืกืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ืžืขืจ ืฆืขืฉืจืึธืงืŸ ืฐื™ ื–ื™ื™... 


704 


ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜, ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื‘ื™ึทื™ื ืึธืจื•ืŸ-ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืœ 

ืฐืึธืก ืื•ื™ืกืจื•ืคืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืš ื“ืึธ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ืœ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ืœ, 
ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฐืึธืก ื“ืขืจื”ืขืจื˜ ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ: 
ื“ืึธืก ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ืฐืึธืก ื ืขื›ื˜ืŸ... ื“ืึธืก ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ืŸ 

ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฐืึทื’ืึธื ืขืก, ืฐืึธืก ื ืขื›ื˜ืŸ ื‘ืฒึทื ืึทื›ื˜ 

ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ืขืžื™ืฆืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืึธืจื•ืŸ-ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืคืึทืจืžืึทื›ื˜ 

ื“ืขืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื“ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ื ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ื ืงื•ื“ืฉื-ื‘ืจื™ืš-ื”ื•ื 

ืื•ืŸ ืฉืจืฒึทื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืจื•ื›ืช, ืฉืจืฒึทื˜: ื•ื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜, ื ื™ื˜ ื“ื•! 

ื“ื• ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืกื˜ ื“ืึธ ืื™ืŸ ืึธืจื•ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืฐืึทื’ืึธืŸ -- 

ื ื™ื™ื•ื•ื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜! ื“ื• ื“ืึทืจืคืกื˜ ืขืคึผืขืก ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ ื™ืขืฆื˜ ื˜ืึธืŸ! 
ืžื™ืจ! ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ..." ืขืจ ื“ืจื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื ื’ืœืฒึทืš: 
ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ! ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ื•ื–ืจ ืชึผืขื ื™ืช ืื•ื™ืฃ ืืฒึทืš! 


43- 7/1 
ื™ื˜. 


ื“ืขืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื•ื•ื™ืœ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื ืึธืš ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ื•ืžื˜ 

ื“ืขืจ ืขื•ืœื, ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืึทื ืขืŸ ืขืจ ืงื•ืžื˜, 

ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืฐืึธืก ืขืก ื˜ื•ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฅ ื–ื™ืš, ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก 
ืื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ืœ -- ื–ื™ื™ ืฆืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื”ื™ื™ืก 

ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืœ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึธืจื•ืŸ... ืึท ื’ืึทื ืฆืข ืึท ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ 
ืžื™ื˜ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ื’ืขืคึผืฒึทื ื™ืงื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ืฉื˜ืึทืจืงืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืึธื˜! 

ืžืขืŸ ื–ืขื˜ ื“ืขื ื™ื ื˜ืจืขืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืึทื ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฐื•ึผ 

ืขืจ ืจื™ื ื˜ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืึทืจื•ื ื˜ืขืจ... ืžืขืŸ ื“ืึทืจืฃ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจืฆื• 
ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื”ืฒื™ืœื™ืง ืึท ืจื‘ื™... ื“ืขืจ ืจื‘ื™ ืึทืœืฒืŸ 

ืฆืขืฐื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ื‘ืฒึท ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ืŸ, 

ืขืจ ืฉืฐื•ืฒึทื’ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจืขืงืฉื ื˜ ืึทื–ืฑ... ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื™ื™ื“ 
ื‘ืจืขื›ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืจืึทื“ื–ื™ื ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืืฒื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ืžื™ื˜, 

ื–ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืึทื ืฆืข, ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ 

ืึธ, ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ, ืึทืœืžืขื›ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ, ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ื’ืึธื˜ 

ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืื™ื ืžืงื ื, ื“ืขื ืขื•ืœืžืก ื’ืขืฐื™ื™ืŸ! 

ื•ื•ื™ืœืกื˜ ื•ื™ ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ืก ืึท ื•ื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืึธืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืงืขื ืกื˜ ืขืก ื ื™ื˜, ื ื™ื™ืŸ... 


205 


ืฉืึท, ืฉื˜ื™ืœืขืจ, ืึท ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉ ืจืฒึทืกื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ืœ ื–ื™ืš ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ-- 
ื“ืขืจ ืจื‘ื™! ืขืจ ื˜ืึธืจ ืึท ืžื™ื ื•ื˜ ื“ืึธ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืฃ / 

ืžืขืŸ ืžื™ืฉื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ืขื•ืœื ืื™ื ืื•ื™ืก ืื•ืŸ ืึทืจืฑืก - 
ืื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืึธื˜ ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ื˜ ืึทืœื™ืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ืœ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื”ื•ื™ื–. - 


ื›. 


ื“ืขืจ ื’ื•ื–ืจ-ืชึผืขื ื™ืช ื–ืฒึทื™ืŸ ืคืœื™ื˜, ืคืึทืจืคืœื™ื˜ = ื”ืขื˜! 

ืึท ืชึผืฉืขื”-ื‘ืึธื‘ ื ืฒึท ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืขื˜ืœืขืš ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื˜, 

ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืก ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื ืึธื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืฒึทื˜, . 

ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื‘ืึทื ืฒึทื˜ ืื™ื, ื“ืขื ืชึผืขื ื™ืช ื‘ืึทื ืฒึทื˜. | 
ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืŸ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ืึธ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ, ืคืึทืจืœืขื ื“ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจื ื™ื›ื˜, 

ืžืขืŸ ืคืึทืกื˜ ืฉื˜ื•ื ืื™ืจ ืชึผืขื ื™ืช, ืžืขืŸ ืฆื™ื ื“ื˜ ืคืึทืจ ืื™ืจ ืœื™ื›ื˜, 
ืื™ืจ ืฉึตื‚ืจ, ื“ืขืจ ืจืึทื“ื–ื™ื ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ืึธ, 

ื“ืขืจ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจืฐื•ึผืกื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ืชึผืขื ื™ืช ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ื“ืขื ืจื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ืคืึทืจื”ืขืจ-- | 

ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืึทื”ืฒื ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืžืขืจ. 

ื“ื™ ืจื‘ื™ืฆื™ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื’ืขืฐืึธืจื ื˜: ื ื™ื˜ ื’ื™ื™! 

ื“ืขืจ ืจื‘ื™ ืงื•ืงื˜ ืึธืŸ ืื™ืจ ืื•ืŸ ื’ื™ื˜ ืึท ื’ืขืฉืจื™: 

"ื–ื™ื™ ืฐืขืœืŸ ืžื™ืš ื˜ืฑื˜ืŸ, ื™ืึธ" ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืขืจ ืื™ืจ ื”ืึทืจื‘ 

ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทืœื“ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื‘ืขื ืงืฉืึทืคื˜: ืึทืš, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืš ืฉื˜ืึทืจื‘, 
ื•ื™ ืจื‘ื™ ืขืงื™ื‘ื -- ืžืขืŸ ืงืึทืžื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืœืฒึทื‘ 

ืžื™ื˜ ืืฒึทื–ืขืจื ืข ืงืึทืžืขืŸ... ื ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื ื“ื™ืง, ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฐืฒึทื‘, 

ื•ื™ ืจื‘ื™ ืขืงื™ื‘ื... ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืฉื, 

ื•ื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜!... ืึทืš ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื–ื•ื›ื” ืฆื• ื“ืขื, 

ืคืึทืจ ืžืฒึทื ืข ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ, ืคืึทืจ ื’ืึธื˜... ืึทื–ืึท ื’ืœื™ืง! 

ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืึทืฐืขืง, ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืžืขืจ ืฆ'ืจื™ืง. 


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ืึทืจื™ึทื™ื ืคื™ืจ 36 


ืึท ืคึผืึธืขืžืข ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืจืขื‘ืœื™ื ืงืข ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืจื•ื™ ื—ื ื” ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื–ื™ืŸ -- ื‘ืŸ-ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ืžื™ืŸ, ื“ืึธืก 
ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ื•ื•ืขืจืง ืฐืึธืก ื™.ืง. ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื ืึธื›ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ. ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืœืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื“ืึธ ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ 
ืฆื•ื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืžืึธืœ. ืคึผืจืึทื’ืžืขื ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขึถืจ ืคึผืึธืขืžืข ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ 1958, ืื™ืŸ: ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข 
ืฉืจื™ืคื˜ืŸ (ืฐืึทืจืฉืข). | | 

ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึทื˜ืข ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธืขืžืข ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ, ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจืึทืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื˜ืขื•ืชื“ื™ืงืข ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ: (ื) ื‘ืขืจ 
ืžืึทืจืง ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื˜ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธืขืžืข ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื“ืขื 14ื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ื’ื•ืกื˜ 1942 (ื–ืข: ืžืึทืจืง (1954), ื–ื™ 92). 
ื‘ืขืจ ืžืึทืจืง ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืŸ-ื”ืกืชึผื ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื˜ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืขื ืข ื“ืึทื˜ืข, ืžื™ื˜ ื™.ืง'ืก ื”ืึทื ื˜ืฉืจื™ืคื˜-- ื‘ืจืืฉ ืคื•ืŸ 
ืื™ื™ื ืขื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืขืžืข: "42-- 14/8" (ื–ืข ื“ื™ ืคืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืคึผื™ืข ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ืฒึทื˜ 709) ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ื™ 
ื“ืึทื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืขื ืขื ื˜ืขืงืกื˜, ื ืึธืจ: 1. ืึท ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ืฒื˜ืฒืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ื™ื˜ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืขืžืข; 2. ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืข ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืจื•ื™ 
ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื–ื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืึทืฐืขืงื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืจืขื‘ืœื™ื ืงืข (ื–ืข: ืคื ืงืก ื•ื™ื˜ืœ, ื–' 171; ืœื•ื™ืŸ, ื,, ื–ื™ 
3- ื“ื™ ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ืคืึทืจืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ืขื 14ื˜ืŸ ืืฑื™ื’ื•ืกื˜ 1942). (ื‘) ืœื•ื˜ ื“ื™ ืจืขื“ืึทืงื˜ืึธืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™-ืง'ืก ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ืฉืจื™ืคื˜ืŸ, 
ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธืขืžืข ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืจืฒึท ื—ื“ืฉื™ื: ืื•ื™ื’ื•ืกื˜-- ืกืขืคึผื˜ืขืžื‘ืขืจ - ืึธืงื˜ืึธื‘ืขืจ 1942. ื“ื™ 
ืฆื•ื•ื™ื˜ืข ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธืขืžืข ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ, ื‘ืึทื–ื™ืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคึผื™ื ืงื˜ืœืขื›ืขืจ 
ืœืขืงื˜ื•ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึทื˜ืข ื‘ื™ึทื™ื ืกื•ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืงื™ืจืฆืขืจืŸ ื ื•ืกื— (ื–ืข ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจื’ืœืฒึทืš ื“ื™ ื”ืขืจื” ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืจืขื“ืึทืงื˜ืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื, ืชืฉื›"ื˜, ื–' 371). ื–ื™ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธื ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืขื ืข ื“ืึทื˜ืข, ืึทื–ืฑ: 42-- 
0 9- 8, ื“ืขืจ ืคืึทืงื˜ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืึธื ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืขื ืข ื“ืึทื˜ืข ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜, ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืึทื–ืฑ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ: "42-- 
0- 8". ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจ ื“ืึทืจืฃ ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืข ื’ืขืœื™ื™ืขื ื˜ ืฐืขืจืŸ: ื“ืขืจ ืึทื›ื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื ืฒึทื ื˜ืขืจ ืึธืงื˜ืึธื‘ืขืจ 1942. ื“ืึธืก ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ 
ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธืขืžืข ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื˜ืขื’, ืึท ืคึผืึธืจ ืฐืึธื›ืŸ ื ืึธื›ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ, ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื‘ืžืฉืš ื“ืจืฒึท 
ืžืึธื ืึทื˜ืŸ. ื ืึธืš ืžืขืจ, ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ ื’ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึธืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืข ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“ืŸ ืœื•ื™ื˜ืŸ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ 
ืึทืœืฒื™ืŸ. ืื•ื™ื‘ ืขืจ ืคืึทืจืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืึท ื“ืึทื˜ืข ืคืึทืจืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื˜ ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืขื ื˜ืึธื’ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ. ืžืขืŸ ื“ืึทืจืฃ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืš 
ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจ ืจืขื›ืขื ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืœืึธืงืึทืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืจื™ืš ืฐืึธืก ื ืึธื›ืŸ ื ื•ืžืขืจ-ืค ืื™ืŸ ืงืขื’ื ื–ืึทืฅ ืฆื•ื ืฉื˜ืจื™ืš ืฐืึธืก ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ 
ื“ื™ ื ื•ืžืขืจืŸ 9-- 8. | | | 

ืœื•ื˜ ืฆื‘ื™ื” ืœื•ื‘ืขื˜ืงื™ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื™.ืง. ืคืึธืจื’ืขืœื™ื™ืขื ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธืขืžืข ืคืึทืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืงืึทืžืคืก- 
ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ืึทืฆื™ืข, ื‘ืขืช ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืฆื• ื–ื™ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ, ืื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ ืคืึทืจืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืฉื˜ืึทื ื“, ื“ืขื 17ื˜ืŸ ื™ืึทื ื•ืืจ 1943 (ื–ืข: 
ืกืคืจ ื“ืจื•ืจ, ื–' 481). 

ื“ืขืจ ืึธืจื’ื™ื ืขืœืขืจ ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืขืžืขื™ืื™ื– ื‘ื™ื– ื”ืฒึทื™ื ื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืื•ืžื‘ืึทืงืึทื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ืžืŸ-ื”ืกืชึผื ืคืึทืจืœื•ื™ืจืŸ 
ื’ืขื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ. ืžื™ืจ ื“ืจื•ืงืŸ ื“ืึธ ื“ืขื ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืขืžืข ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืกืžืš ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธืคึผื ืขืจืึทื˜ืขืฐืขื˜ืข 
ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคืึทืจื”ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืจื™ื ื’ืขืœื‘ืœื•ื-ืึทืจื›ื™ื•ื•. ืœื•ื˜ ื‘ืขืจ ืžืึทืจืง, ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ 
ืจื™ื ื’ืขืœื‘ืœื•ื-ืึทืจื›ื™ื•ื•, ืื™ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืŸ ืื™ื ืกื˜ื™ื˜ื•ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฐื•ืึทืจืฉืข, ืคื™ืจ ืฉืจื™ึทื™ื‘ืžืึทืฉื™ืŸ-ืงืึธืคึผื™ืขืก "ืื™ื™ื ืข ืึท 
ืคื•ืœืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืจื™ื™ื ืข ืื•ืŸ ื“ืจืฒึท ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืข ืฐืึทืจื™ืึทื ื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื™ื’ื ื”ืขื ื˜ื™ืงืข ืื•ื™ืกื‘ืขืกืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื 
ื“ื™ื›ื˜ืขืจ" (ื–ืข: ืžืึทืจืง (1954), ื–ื™ 93). ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ืœื•ื—ืžื™ ื”ื’ื™ื˜ืื•ืช ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืคึผื™ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืคื•ืœืข 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคื™ืจ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ืฐืึทืจื™ืึทื ื˜ืŸ, ืึท ืงื•ืจืฆืขืจ ืฐืึทืจื™ืึทื ื˜ (428 ืฉื•ืจื•ืช) ืื•ืŸ ืึท ืœืึทื ื’ืขืจ ืฐืึทืจื™ืึทื ื˜ (476 ืฉื•ืจื•ืช). 

ื“ืขืจ ื™ืกื•ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืžื™ืจ ื“ืจื•ืงืŸ ื“ืึธ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืœืึทื ื’ืขืจ ื ื•ืกื—. ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื•ืžืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ื™ืžืขืŸ 
ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ื ื•ืกื— ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคื™ืจ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืœืขืฆื˜ืขืจ -- ื›ึนึผืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืžืขื’ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคืึทืจืึทืŸ ืฆื• ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ 


707 


ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืคื•ืœืข ืฐืึทืจื™ืึทื ื˜ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข. ืœื•ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืคึผืจืึทื’ืžืขื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื ืึธืš ืื™ื™ืŸ ื ื•ืกื— ืฐืึธืก ื’ืขืคื™ื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ืœื•ื—ืžื™ ื”ื’ื™ื˜ืื•ืช ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ืึท ืคืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืคึผื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆึทื•ื•ื™ื™ 
ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ืฐืึทืจื™ืึทื ื˜ืŸ, ื–ืขื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ืึทื– ืก'ืื™ื– ื˜ืึทืงืข ืคืึทืจืึทืŸ ืึท ื ื•ืกื— ืžื™ื˜ ื™-ืง'ืก ืคื•ืœืขืจ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืฉืจื™ืคื˜ 
(ืคืึทืจื’ืœืฒึทืš: ืžืึทืจืง (1954), ื–ื™ 92), ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ืึทื ื˜ื”ืึทืœื˜ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืกื˜ืข ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื’ืขืžืึทื›ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื™.ืง'ืก ื”ืึทื ื˜. 
ื“ืขืจ ืคืจืึทื’ืžืขื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื ื•ืกื—, ื–ืขื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ืฆื• ื–ืฒึทื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึธื ื”ืฒื™ื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ-ื ื•ืกื—, ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื ืึธื›ืŸ ืงื•ืจืฆืŸ 
ืฐืึทืจื™ืึทื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืŸ ืœืึทื ื’ืŸ: ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื˜ืœ (ื–ืข ื“ื™ ืคืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืคึผื™ืข ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–' 709) ืื™ื– ืœืžืขืฉื‚ื” ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ืขืจ 
ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืžืึทืฉื™ืŸ-ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืงื•ืจืฆืŸ ื ื•ืกื—, ืžื™ื˜ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ื”ืึทื ื˜ืฉืจื™ืคื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืชึผื™ืงื•ื ื™ื ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืึธื‘ืŸ 
ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึทืœืข ืึทืจืฒึทื ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœืึทื ื’ืŸ ื ื•ืกื—. ื“ืขืจ ืœืึทื ื’ืขืจ ื ื•ืกื— ืื™ื– ืึทื–ืฑ ืึทืจื•ื ื‘ืœื™ ืกืคืง 
ื“ืขืจ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืกื˜ืขืจ ื ื•ืกื— ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ืข ื“ืจืฒึท. ื“ืขืจ ืคืขืจื˜ืขืจ ื ื•ืกื— ืื™ื– ืื•ื ื“ื– ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืื•ืžื‘ืึทืงืึทื ื˜. ื“ื™ ืึทืœืข 
ืคื™ืจ ืฐืึทืจื™ืึทื ื˜ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืขืœ, ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืขื“ื•ืช ื“ืขืจ ืึธืจื˜ 
ื•ื• ื–ื™ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื ืึธืš ื“ืขืจ ืžืœื—ืžื” -- ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืจื™ื ื’ืขืœื‘ืœื•ื-ืึทืจื›ื™ื•ื•. ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื˜ืขืงืกื˜-ืึทื ื˜ืฐื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ื ื•ืกื— ืฆื• ื ื•ืกื—, ื–ืข ืื•ื™ืกืคื™ืจืœืขื›ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืฉืŸ ืฆื•ื”ืึทื ื’. 

"ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืง" ืื™ื– ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจืก ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ืึทื ื˜ืฐื™ืงืœื•ึนื ื’-ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื™.ืง'ืก 
ืฉืึทืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข. ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธืขืžืข, ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืš ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื˜ืขื’, ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืกื“ืจื•ืง ืคื•ืŸ ื™.ืง'ืก ื•ื•ื™ื™ 
ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืจ ื ืึธื›ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ, ืคืึทืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืš ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ ืึท ืฉืจื™ืคื˜ืœืขื›ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื“ืจื•ืง -- ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ 
ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืขืจ ืœืึทืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืฆืขืฉื™ื™ื“ื•ื ื’ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื˜ืฒึทืขืจืกื˜ืข, ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง 
ืฐืึธืก ื”ื•ื™ื›ื˜ ืึทืจืฑืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืขืžืข. ื™.ืง'ืก ื›ึผื•ื— ืฆื• ืฉืจืฒึทื™ื‘ืŸ, ืึทืคึผื™ืœื• ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ืึธืš ืึทืœืขืžืขืŸ, 
ื“ืขืจ ื›ึผื•ื– ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ืฆื• ืฉืึทืคืŸ ืึทืคื™ืœื• ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืœืื—ืจ-ื™ื™ึดืื•ืฉ, ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื‘ื•ืœื˜ ื‘ืึทื˜ืึธื ื˜ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ืฒึทื ืื•ื™ืคืงืœืขืจืŸ 
ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜-ืฐืึทืจื™ืึทื ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืขืžืข. ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืฆืึธืœ ื‘ืึทืฐืฒึทื–ื˜ ืึทื– ื™.ืง. ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืคืœืฒึทื™ืกื˜ 
ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจื™ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื”ืึทืœื˜ืœืขืš ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธืขืžืข ืฆื• ืคื•ืจืขืžืขืŸ, ื•ื™ ืขืก ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืงืœืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ืŸ-ืคืึทืจื’ืœืฒึทืš (ื–ืข 
ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืฉืŸ ืฆื•ื”ืึทื ื’). | 

ืึท ื’ืขื ื•ื™ืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืจื™ืฉืขืจ ืึทื ืึทืœื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืขืžืข ืฐืขื˜ ื‘ืึทืฐืฒึทื–ืŸ, ืึทื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ืฐืึธืก "ื“ืึธืก 
ืœื™ื“ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืจืึทื“ื–ื™ื ืขืจ" ืื™ื– ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืกื˜ืข ื•ื•ืขืจืง ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืื•ื ื“ื– ื‘ืึทืงืึทื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ 
ื’ืขื˜ืึธ, ื“ืึทืจืฃ ืึธื‘ืขืจ "ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืง" ื‘ืึทื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืฐื™ ื“ืขืจ ืฉืœื™ืกืœ ืคืึทืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ืฐืฒื™ื˜ืขืจื“ื™ืงืŸ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืจื™ืฉืŸ ืฉืึทืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืขืœ, ืฐืฒึทืœ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจื™ืฉ ื’ืขืคื•ืจืขืžื˜ ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ืคืกื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ 
ืฉื•ื™ื“ืขืจืœืขื›ืกื˜ืข ืื•ื™ื‘ืจืœืขื‘ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืึธืขื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ ื˜ืจืึธื’ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขื ืงืขืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™.ืง'ืก ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจื“ื™ืงืขืจ 
ื˜ืขืžืึทื˜ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืึธืขื˜ื™ืง, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึทื–ืฑ ืฉืขืคืขืจื™ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ืฉืคืขื“ื™ืง ืฆืขืฐื•ืึทืงืกืŸ ื‘ืขืชืŸ ืœืขืฆื˜ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฉืึทืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืขืœ. 


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ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ื–ืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืฆืฐื•ื™ืฉืŸ-ื ื•ืกื— ืคื•ืŸ "42-- 14/8 ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืง" ืžื™ื˜ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœื˜ืึธื ืก ื”ืึทื ื˜ืฉืจื™ืคึผื˜ืœืขื›ืข 
ืฆื•ื’ืึธื‘ืŸ 


2- 14/8 ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืง 
ืื™ืš ืจืฒึทืก ื–ื™ืš ืึทืจื™ึทื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืœืข ืคื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขื ื˜ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ. ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจืขืจ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ืžื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจื‘ืจืึธื›ืขื ืข ื”ืขื ื˜ - 


ื—ื ื”! ื ื™ืฉื˜ืึธ ืื™ืจ, ื–ื™ืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืข - ืื•ื™ืš 
ื ื™ื˜ืึธ... ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื›ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™, ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืš. 


ื—ื ื”! ืื™ืš ืจื•ืฃ ืื•ื™ืก ื“ืขื ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืึทื ื˜ื–ืขืฆื˜, ื™ 
ืื™ืš. ื”ืึธื‘ ื–ื™ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ ื™ืขืฆื˜ ื“ืึธ ื’ืขืœืึธื–ืŸ, ืขืจืฉื˜ ื™ืขืฆื˜! 


ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื–ื™ื™ ื’ืขื”ืึทื˜ ื“ืึธ! ืึทืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืง, ืึท ื‘ืจืึธืš! 
ื“ืขืจ ื˜ื•ื ืงืขืœืขืจ ืฆื™ืžืขืจ ืื™ื– ื˜ื•ื ืงืขืœืขืจ ื ืึธืš, 


ื“ืขืจ ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจืขืจ ืึทืœืงืขืจ ืื™ื– ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจืขืจ ืžืข / 
ืึท ืœื™ื™ื“ื™ืงืข ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ - ืื•ืŸ ืขืก ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืœืขื ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืจ... 


ืึท ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ืึทืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืง ืฐืึทืงืกื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ืœืขื ืžื™ืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก, 
ืขืก ืฐืึทืงืกื˜, ืฐืึทืงืกื˜ ืึธืŸ ืื•ื™ืคื”ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื—ืœืœ ืึทืจืฑืก... 


ื—ื ื”! ืžืฒึทืŸ ื—ื ื”! ืžืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืงืข ื“ื•ื™ 
ืึธ ื–ืึธื’ ืžื™ืจ, ืฐื•ึผ ื‘ื™ืกื˜ื•, ืžืฒึทื™ืŸ ื—ื ื”ืœืข ื•ื•ึผ? 


ืฐื•ึผ ืื™ื– ื‘ืšืฆื™ื•ืŸ? ื‘ื ื™ืžื™ื ืงืข? ื•ื•ื™... 
ื•ื•ื• ื–ืฒึทื™ื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื ื’ืขืœืขืš ืžืฒึทื ืข ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™? 


ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ืžึดื™ืจ ื’ืขื”ืึทื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืฒื˜ืึธื’ืŸ ื–ื™ืก= . 
ืฐื•ึผ ืื™ื– ื‘ืŸ-ืฆื™ื•ืŸ! ื‘ื ื™ืžื™ืŸ, ืฐื•ึผ ืื™ื–? 


ื“ื™ ืœื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืข ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ? ื“ื™ ื”ืขืจืœืขื›ืข ืงืขืคึผ? | 
ืึธ, ืื™ื™ื“ืขืœืข ืžืฒึทื ืข, ืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืฒึทืš ืคืึทืจืฉืœืขืคึผื˜! 


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ืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืฒึทืš ื’ืขื˜ืจื™ื‘ืŸ, ื’ืขื™ืึธื’ื˜ ืืฒึทืš ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืฒึทืŸ, 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื ืึธืฐืึธืœื™ืคึผื™ืข ื’ืึทืก ืื•ื™ืก ืื•ืŸ ื’ืึทืก ืืฒึทืŸ, 


ืฆื•ื ืื•ืžืฉืœืึทื’! ืฆื•ื ืื•ืžืฉืœืึทื’, ืžื™ื˜ ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜ืขืจ ื ืึธืš 
ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉืœืขืคึผื˜ ืืฒึทืš-- ืึทืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืง! ืึท ื‘ืจืึธืš! 


ื“ื™ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉืŸ, ื“ื™ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉืŸ! ื“ื™ ืžื™ืื•ืกืข ื–ื™ืŸ 
ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ืื•ืกื˜ืŸ ืคืึธืœืง... ืึธ ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืฐื•ึผื”ื™ืŸ 


ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจืฉืœืขืคึผื˜ ืืฒึทืš ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืฐืึทืœื“, ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืฐืึทืœื“, 
ืฆื™ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ, ืื™ืŸ ืคืขืœื“ ืื™ืจ, ืฆื™ ื–ืขื ื˜ ืื™ืจ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืœื“? 


ืฆื™ ืœืขื‘ื˜ ืื™ืจ? ืึธ ื–ื™ืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืข... ื—ื ื”... ืื™ืจ ืœืขื‘ื˜! 
ืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื›ื–ืจื™ื•ืช ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืœื“ ืืฒึทืš ืคึผืึทืจืฉืœืขืคึผื˜... 


ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก ืฐืึธืก ืžืขืจ ืื™ื™ื“ืœ ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ ืžืฒึทื ืข, ืžืขืจ 
ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืื™ืจ ื’ืขืคึผืจื•ึผืฐื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืืฑืกืฐื•ึผืจืคืŸ ืฉืฐืขืจ! 


ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก ืฐืึธืก ืžืขืจ ืคึผืฒึทื ืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก ืจื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜-- 
ืžืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืื™ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืฒึทื™ื˜ืฉ, ืคื•ืŸ ืจื•ืฆื— ื’ืขืฉืขื ื“ื˜! 


ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืก ืคึฟืึทืจืฉืœืขืคึผื˜ ืืฒึทืš!... ื–ืึธื’ ื—ื ื”ืœืข ืฐื•ึผ? 
ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืฒึท ื˜ืึธื’ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืฒึท ื ืึทื›ื˜ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืจื•... 


ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืขืคึผืขืก ืึธืคึผื ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜-- ืกื˜ืึธืคึผ! 
ืื•ืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก ืฐืึธืก ื™ืึธื’ื˜ ืžื™ืš, ื™ืึธื’ื˜ ื™ืึธื’ื˜ ื‘ืึทืจื’-ืึทืจืึธืคึผ. 


ืฆื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฒึทื ื’ืขื“ืึทื ืง ืื™ืš? ื‘ืฒึทื ืงืœืึธืจืŸ ื‘ืฒึทื ื–ื™ืŸ? . 
ืื™ืš ืฐืึทืงืœ ื‘ืฒึทื ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืš, ืึทื”ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืึทื”ื™ืŸ, 


ืฉื˜ืึทืจืง ืื™ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฐืึทืงืœืขืŸ ื“ืขืจื–ืข ืื™ืš ื“ื™ืš, ืงื™ื ื“! 
ื—ื ื”! ืคืึทืจ ืฐืึธืก ืึธ, ืคืึทืจ ืฐืึธืกืขืจืข ื–ื™ื ื“? 


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ืึท ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ื˜ืึธื›ื˜ืขืจ, ืฉื˜ืึทืจืง ืขื ืœืขืš ืฆื• ื“ื™ืจ, 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืš ืžื™ื˜ ืงื ืึทืคึผืข ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜ ื™ืึธืจ ืคืจื™ื™ืจ 


ืึท ื’ืึธืก ื–ื™ ื“ื™ ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ืจืŸ, ื“ื•-- ื•ื•ื™ื™ื™.. 
ื”ืึธืกื˜ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื“ืึธืš ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ืจืŸ ื–ื™ื™, ื’ืขื˜ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ ืฆืฐื•ื™ื™! 


ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื™ื™ึดื ื’ืขืœืขืš ืžืฒึทื ืข, ืึธ ื—ื ื”ืœืข ืžืฒื™ืŸ 
ืื™ืจ ืžืึทื›ื˜ ืื™ื ืึทื“ื•ืจืš ืื™ื, ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืขื’ ืื™ื, ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืฒึทืŸ... 


ืื™ืจ ืžืึทื›ื˜ ืื™ื ื“ืขื ื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืจื•ื•ืขื’ ื“ื•ืจืš ื–ืึทืœื‘ืข ื“ืจื™ื˜-- 
ืคึผื™ืœืึทื˜ื•ืก! ืฐืึธืก ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื’ืขืžืึทื›ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื™ื“ 


ืžืึทื›ื˜ ืขืก ื“ืขืจ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืึธืœืง! 
ืฉื˜ื™ื™ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืงื‘ืจ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ืฉ ืื™ื ื“ืขืจืคืึธืœื’! 


ื“ื• ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืกื˜ ื’ืึธืจ... ืงื•ืงืกื˜ ืฆื• ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืกื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื•ื ื“ื– 
ื™ืึธ, ื™ืึธ... ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืึท ืจื•ื™ืžืขืจ ื ืึธืจ, ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉ! 


ื“ื™ ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ืื•ื™ืฃ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ -- ื–ื™ ืงื•ืงืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• 
ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ... ื ืึธืจ ื“ื• ื•ื•ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึทื“ืึธื ืข ื ืึธืจ, ื“ื•, 


ื“ื• ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜... ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก, ื“ื• ืœืึธื–ืกื˜ ื–ืขืœื˜ืŸ ืึท ื˜ืจืขืจ, 
ื“ื• ืœืึธื–ืกื˜ ืขืก ื“ืขื ืงืึธืคึผ ื ืึธืจ ืึทืจืึธืคึผ ืึทื–ืฑ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ- 


ืึธ, ืœืึธื– ื ื™ื˜ ืึทืจืึธืคึผ ืื™ื, ืžืฒึทืŸ ื—ื ื”ืœืข, ื ื™ื™ืŸ! 
ื“ื• ืงื•ืง ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ืึธืŸ ืžื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขืกืขืจ, ื•ื•ื™ื™ืŸ... 


ื“ื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืฃ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืœืฒึทื›ื˜ืขืจ ื•ื™ ืžื™ืจ... ื“ื•, ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ 
ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™! ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš -- ื•ื•ื™ื™ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืกื˜, 


ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ืึธืš ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื™ื ืขื ืึทืœื™ืŸ, 
ืžื™ื˜ ืฆื‘ื™ึดืขืŸ... ืื™ืš ื‘ืขื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ื‘ืฒึท ืื™ื ื–ื™ืš: ื•ื•ื™ื™ืŸ, ื•ื•ื™ื™ืŸ... 


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,.. ืกื˜ืฒึทื™ื˜ืฉ! 


ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ื ื™ื˜... ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืš ื’ืขืจืึธื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ืจ! 
ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื™ื’ื˜ ืืฒึทืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืึธืคึผ ืื•ืŸ... ืขืจ ืงื•ืงื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืžื™ืจ... 


ืขืจ ืคืึธืœื’ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื ื™ื˜, ืฆื‘ื™, ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืื™ืš ื‘ืขื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ืฉืจืฒึท- 
ืืฒึทืš ื“ืึทืจืฃ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ืœืขื›ืขืจ -- ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ ื“ืึธืš ื“ืจื™ื™! 


ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืจืฒึทื™, ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืจืฒึท! ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ ื“ืึธืš ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜! 
ืฐื™ืกื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืึธืŸ ืืฒึทืš ืžืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขืฆืขืœื˜, 


ื•ื•ื™ืกื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจื˜, ืคืึทืจืื™ื™ื ื–ืึทืžื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคึผื•ืกื˜ 
ืึท ืงื•ืžืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฆืŸ, ืึท ืฐืฒื™ื˜ืึธื’ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืกื˜, 


ืื™ืš ื“ืจื™ื™ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืฆื™ืžืขืจ, ื’ืขืคื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืึธืจื˜, 
ืื™ืš ืจื™ื™ื“ ืฐืึธืก ืฆื• ืฆื‘ื™ึดืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฐืึธืจื˜ 


ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืš ื–ืึธื’ ืื™ื, ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืขืจ -- 
ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ื“ืึธ, ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜. 


ืฉื˜ื•ื ื–ื™ืฅ ืื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื ืงืœ, ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ืฆื˜ ืฆื‘ื™-- 
ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข, ืื™ ืื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ืื™ ืฆื‘ื™ -- ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ื™... 


ืขืก ื˜ืจืขืคื˜ ืื™ืš ืงื•ืง ืึธืŸ ืื™ื ืื•ืŸ ืก'ื‘ืึทืคึผืึทืœื˜ ืžื™ืš ืึท ืฉืจืขืง 
ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฆื‘ื™ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืš ืื•ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืžืึทืžืขืŸ ืึทืฐืขืง! 


ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืš ื ื™ื˜ ืขืจ, ื“ืขืจ ืฐืึธืก ื–ื™ืฆื˜ ื“ืึธ ื‘ืฒึท ืžื™ืจ-- 
ื‘ืึทืœื“ -- ื‘ืึทืœื“ ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื ื™ื˜, ื‘ืฒึทื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ, ื‘ืฒึทื ืจื™ืจ.., 


ื“ืึธืก ืคึผื ื™ื- ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืก, ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ื -- 
ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ืึธืจ ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืึท ืฉืึธื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื! 


ืื™ืš ืื•ื™ืš, ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืขืจืขืจ ื‘ืฒึท ื“ื™ืจ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื•ื• ื“ืึธ, 
ืื™ืš ืฐืึทื ื“ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืฆื™ืžืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืœืฒึทืš ื•ื™ ื ื™ืฉื˜ืึธ... 


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ื—ื ื”! ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื“ืึธืš ืื•ื ื“ื– ืึทืœืขืžืขืŸ... ืื•ืŸ 
ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜, ืžืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืฒึทืขืจืข, ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจืคื•ืŸ... 


ืื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ืœืขื›ืขืจ! ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ื™ื“ ืื™ื– ืึทืฐืขืง 
ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ึทื™ืš ื“ืึธืš ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ, ืžื™ื˜ ืืฒึทืš ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’, 


ื‘ืฒึท ื™ืึธืžืขืœืขืŸ ืื™ื– ื–ื™! ืื™ืŸ ื™ืึธืžืขืงืก ื’ืขืžื™ื˜ -- 
ื ืขืžื˜ ื™ืึธืžืขืœืขืŸ, ื ืขืžื˜ ืื™ื ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜! 


ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื“ื• ื’ื™ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ, ื“ื•, ื—ื ื”ืœืข, ื“ื•! 
ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ, ื‘ืฒึท ื“ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜ ืื™ืจ! ืฐื•ึผ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ ืขืก, ืฐื•ึผ? 


ืื™ืจ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ื ื™ื˜, ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืื›ื–ืจื™ื•ืช ื’ืขืฉืœืขืคึผื˜ 
ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจ ืœืึธื–ื˜ ืึทืจืึธืคึผ ืื™ืจ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืงืขืคึฟ... 


ื‘ื ืฆื™ืง ื“ื• ืื•ื™ืš, ืึธ ื“ื• ืœืึธื–ืกื˜ ืื™ื ืึทืจืึธืคึผ? 
ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื“ืึธืš ืœื™ื‘ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืš ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืึธืคึผ! 


ืึธ. ื’ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ืึทืฐืขืง ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื‘ื ืฆื™ืงืœ! ืฐืขืจ 
ืฐืขื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืึท ืงืฉื™ื ืคืึทืจืขื ื˜ืคืขืจืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ 


ื‘ื™ึทื™ื ืฆื™ื™ื›'ื ืขืŸ ืึท ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทืœื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื™ื™ึดื“ 
ืฆื™ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื’ืฑื™ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื“ืจืึทืžืข, ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื“... 


ื“ื•! ื“ื•! ืคืขืจืฆืŸ-ื™ืขืจื™ืงืขืจ ื–ื•ื ืขืœืข ืžืฒึทืŸ, 
ืคืœืขื’ืกื˜ ื“ืึธืš ืžืฒึทืŸ ืื•ืจื™ื-ื•ืชึผื•ืžื™ื ืžื™ืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ! 


ืžืฒึทืŸ ืคืึธื˜ืขืจ -- ืขืจ ืคืจื™ึดืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ ื“ื•, ื“ื• 
ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ืžื™ืš ื’ืขืœืขืจื ื˜... ืฐื•ึผ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ ืขืก, ืฐื•ึผ? 


ืฐืึทืจื˜, ืืฒึทืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึทื–ืฑ ื ื™ื˜, ื ื™ื˜ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืึทื–ืฑ ื’ื™ืš, 
ืžื™ืจ ื’ื™ื™ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืš ื ืึธืš ืืฒึทืš, ืื™ ืฆื‘ื™ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ ืื™ืš... 


714 


ืžื™ืจ ื’ื™ื™ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืš ื ืึธืš ืืฒึทื™ืš! ืžืขื’'ืก ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืขืง ื•ื•ืขืœื˜. 
ืื•ืŸ ืžืขื’ ืžืขืŸ... ืื•ื ื“ื– ืฐืึทืจืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืฅ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืงืขืœื˜ 


ืฆื™ ืื™ืŸ ืคืœืึทืก-ืคืฒึทื™ืขืจ ืฆื™ ื˜ื™ืฃ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื˜ืฒึทืš 
ืžื™ืจ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืืฒึทืš ืื•ื, ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืืฒึทืš - 


ืžื™ืจ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ืฉืคึผืขื˜-- 
ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื’ ืื™ื– ืึทืฐืขืง ืฉื•ื™ืŸ, ืึทืฐืขืง ืฉื•ื™ืŸ, ื”ืขื˜-ื”ืขื˜... 


ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืก'ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืึทื–ืฑ ืฉื ืขืœ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขืืฒึทืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฉืขืŸ- = 
ืื™ืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื“ืึธืš ืื•ื ื“ื– ื‘ืึทืœื“ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ "ืื•ืžืฉืœืึทื’" ื“ืขืจื–ืขืŸ! 


ืื™ ืฆื‘ื™ึดืขืŸ, ืื™ ืžื™ืš -- ื“ื™ ืงืœืขื ืขืจืข ื”ืขืœืคื˜ | 
ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืคื™ื ืฃ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืš ืื•ื™ืš ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžื•ื™ืœ ื‘ืฒึท ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœืฃ 


ืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืฒึทืš ื’ืขื˜ืจื™ื‘ืŸ, ื’ืขื™ืึธื’ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขืืฒึทื™ืœ- + 
ืึธ, ื’ืึธื˜, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืก ื“ื•ื™ืขืจื˜ ืึท ืฐืฒึทืœ ื ืึธืš, ืึท ืฐืฒึทืœ-- 


ืื™ืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทื’ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ, ืึธ ื ื™ื™ืŸ! 
ืžืขืŸ ืจืฒึทืกื˜ ืืฒื™ืš ืฐื™ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื‘ืึทืœื“ ื‘ืฒึทื ืฐืึธืœืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื™ืŸ, - 


ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ื™ื”ื ื•ื ืคืึทืจ ื’ืขืœื˜ ื‘ืึทืœื“ ืึทืจืฑืก- 
ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ื™ื”ื ื•ื ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ -- ืื™ืŸ ืžืฒื™ืŸ ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจืŸ ื”ื•ื™ื–.., 


ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘, ืื™ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฆืขืจ ืืฒึทืš ื“ืขืจื–ืขืŸ: 
ื“ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืึธื˜ื ืก ืคื•ืŸ ืืฒึทืš ื ืึธืจ ื’ืขืฐื•ืขืŸ... 


ืึธ ืฉืึธื˜ื ืก ื›'ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื”ื•ื™ืš ืืฒึทื™ืš ื‘ืึทื’ืจื™ืกื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืขื ื˜ืฉื˜ 
ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืก'ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื ืขื‘ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืืฒึทืš ื“ืึธ, ื“ืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ... 


ื“ืขืจ ืฐืึทืจืขืžืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื–ื•ื ื™ืง ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทืœื˜= - 
ืื™ืจ ืฉืึธื˜ื ืก ื–ืขื ื˜ ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจ, ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ ืึทื–ืฑ ืงืึทืœื˜! 


215 


ืึธืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื–ืขื ื˜ ืื™ืจ ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜, ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื ื–ืขื ื˜ ืื™ืจ ืื™ื™ื ืก 
ื’ืฒื˜ ืฆ'ืจื™ืง ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืœื™ื‘ืกื˜ืข, ื ื™ื˜ ืœืึธื–ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ืึทืœื™ื™ืŸ..ืŸ.ืŸ 


ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื‘ื™ืขืŸ, ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืžื™ืš -- 
ื–ืึธืœืŸ ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืึธื˜ื ืก ืœืขื ื–ื™ืš... 


ืื™ืš ื‘ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™, ืื™ืš ืฐืขืง ื‘ืฒึท ื–ื™ื™ ืžื™ื˜ืœืฒึทื“ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืง -- 
ื“ื™ ื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืจ-ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืึทืฐืขืง... 


ื™ืขืฆื˜ ื–ืข ืื™ืš ื“ื™ ืฉืึธื˜ื ืก ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืืฒึทืš-- 
ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ... ื“ื™ ืืฑื’ืŸ-- ื–ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืคืฒึทื™ื›ื˜... 


ืื™ืš ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ืึธืŸ ืฆื• ื”ืึธืคืŸ: ืื™ืจ ืœืขื‘ื˜! ื™ืึธ, ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืก! 
ืึธ ื‘ื™ื˜ืขืจืขืจ ื—ืœื•ื, ืื™ืš ื’ืœื™ื™ื‘ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ืจ ื–ื™ืก! 


ืื™ืจ ื–ืึธืœื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื ืึธืจ ืœืขื‘ืŸ, ืื™ืจ ื”ืขืจื˜, ืื™ืš ื‘ืึทืคืขืœ! 
ืื•ืŸ ืœืขื‘ื˜ ืื™ืจ -- ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ ืืฒึทืš ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ, ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ! 


ื™ืขืฆื˜ ื–ืข ืื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื—ืœื•ื, ืื™ืŸ ื—ืœื•ื ืื™ึทื™ืš ื ืึธืจ - 
ืก'ืื™ื– ืึธืคื˜ ื’ืึธืจื ื™ื˜ ืฐืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื—ืœื•ื ืฆื• ืฐืึธืจ... 


ืื™ืš ื‘ืจืขื ื’ ื ืึธืš ืึทื”ื™ื™ื ืืฒึทื™ืš, ืืฒึทืš ืึทืœืขืžืขืŸ ื“ืจื™ื™, 
ืžื™ืจ ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืึธืŸ ืฐื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ืึท ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืก'ื ืฒื™, 


ื“ื•, ื‘ื ืฆื™ืงืœ, ื™ืึธืžืขืง ืื•ืŸ ืฆื‘ื™ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ืื•ื™ืš -- 
ื“ืึธืก ื‘ื™ื™ื– ืฐืขื˜ ืึทืฐืขืง, ืฐื•ืขื˜ ืฆืขืจื™ื ืขืŸ ื•ื™ ืจื•ื™ืš, 


ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ, ืคืึทืจื ืึทื›ื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ, ืงื•ื ืื™ืš ืฆื• ื’ื™ื™ืŸ 
ื”ืึธืคึผืขืจื“ื™ืง ืืฒึทืœ ืื™ืš ื–ื™ืš, ืืฒึทืœ ื–ื™ืš ืึทื”ื™ื™ื, 


ืื™ืš ืฉืคึผืจื™ื ื’ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืขืคึผืŸ, ื’ื™ืš-ื’ื™ื›ืขืจ ืึทืจืฑืฃ, 
ืื™ืš ืงืœืึทืคึผ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ื™ืจ ืึธืŸ -- ื“ื• ืขืคื ืกื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ -- 


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ื—ื ื”! ืžื™ืจ ื–ื™ืฆืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื–ืึทื, 
ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืจื•ื™ื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึท ื˜ืขื, 


ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ืฐืขื˜ ื‘ื ืฆื™ืงืœ ืžืึธืœืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืึทืคึผ, 
ืก'ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื™ืึธื ืื™ื ืึท ืฉื˜ื•ืคึผ ื˜ืึธืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื›ืึทืคึผืŸ ืึท ืงืœืึทืคึผ. 


ืฆื‘ื™ ื’ื™ื˜ ื”ื•ื™ืš ืึท ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ื’ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึท ื ืขื -- 
ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื•ื•ืขืžืขืŸ? ืฆื• ื“ืขื ืฆื™ ืฆื• ื“ืขื? 


ืคืึทืจืœืึธื–ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืฃ ืฆื‘ื™ืขืŸ, ืฆื‘ื™ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืš ื ื™ื˜ ืฉืœืขื›ื˜, 
ืฆึดื‘ื™ ื”ืึทืœื˜ ื“ืึธืš ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื ืึธืจ ืฐืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜, 


ืขืจ ื”ืึทืœื˜ ื“ืึธืš ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืŸ, ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™, ืžืŸ-ื”ืกืชึผื, 
ื–ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข, ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ืึทืขืฐืœื˜ ืฆื•ื–ืึทื 


ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ืœื™ืงืขืจ ืžืึทืžืขืŸ, ื–ื™ ื“ืจื™ื™, 
ืœืžืึทื™ ื–ืึธืœืŸ ื•ืฐืขืจืŸ ื’ืขืฉืžื™ืกืŸ, ืœืžืึทื™ 


ืคื•ื ืขื ืื›ื–ืจ, ืคื•ืŸ ื’ื•ืจืœ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืึท ื‘ืฒึทื™ื˜ืฉ? 
ื’ืขืฉื˜ืจืึธืคื˜ ื’ืึธื˜, ื–ืึธืœ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืึทื–ืฑ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉ! 


ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฐืฒึทื‘ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืงื™ื ื“-- ืžืฒึทืŸ ื—ื ื” ื–ื™ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืคื•ื™ืœ 
ื–ื™ ืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื“ื™ ืฐื•ืึทืจืขืžืข ื”ืึทื ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืžื•ื™ืœ 


ืงื•ืงื˜ ื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืจื™ืง ืึธืŸ ืžื™ืš, ืื™ ื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืจื™ืง, ืื™ ืžื™ืœื“-- 
"ื–ืฉื™ืœื˜ ื–ื™ื™, ื ืึธืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ื–ืึทื ืึทื–ืฑ, ื–ื™ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ืฉื™ืœื˜.. * 


ื•";ื’ืขืฉื˜ืจืึธืคื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื•ื™ ืื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ื™ืŸ ื“ืฒึทื ืข -- ื”ืขืจ, 
ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ืฉ ืขืก ื“ื™ ืขืจื’ืกื˜ืข, ื“ื™ ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ืกื˜ืข ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืจ'ืขืจื“!" 


ื—ื ื”, ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ ื“ื™ืš ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ, ืื™ ื“ื™ืš 
ืื™ ืžืฒึทื ืข ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื˜ืฒึทืขืจืข ื’ื™ืš, 


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ืžืฒึทืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฅ ืฐืขื˜ ืžื™ืš ืคื™ืจืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืคืึทืจืžืึทื›ื˜, 
ืžืฒึทืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฅ ืฐื™ ืึท ืœื™ื›ื˜ ืฐืขื˜ ื‘ืึทืœืฒึทื›ื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืึทื›ื˜, 


ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืฒึทืš ื’ืขืฉืœืฒึทื“ืขืจื˜, ืื™ืš ืงื•ื 
ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื”ืึทืœื“ื– ืืฒึทืš ืื•ืŸ ื ืขื ืืฒึทืš ืึทืจื•ื... 


ืื•ืŸ ืฐื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ืื™ืš ื‘ืจืขื ื’ ืืฒึทืš, ืึทื”ื™ื™ื ืืฒึทืš ืื™ืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ื“, - 
ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืขื ื“ื™ ื‘ืœื™ืงืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฆื™ืง ื“ื™ ืจื™ื™ื“, ื™ื™ 


ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ื“ื™ ื˜ืขื’ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื ืขื›ื˜- - 
ืžืขืŸ ืจืขื“ื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฐืึธืก ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืฉืœืขื›ื˜, 


ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉืึทืคื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืคืึธืœืง ืึทื–ืึท ืคึผืฒึทืŸ, 
ื–ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื–ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืžืขืจ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ, 


ื–ื™ื™ ื•ืขืœืŸ ืฐื™ ืžื™ืจ... -- ื“ื•, ื—ื ื”ืœืข, ื“ื• 
ื“ื• ืžืึทื›ืกื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืฐื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ื“ืขื ืžื•ื™ืœ ืžืฒึทื ืขื ืฆื•? 


"ืฉื™ืœื˜ ื–ื™ื™, ื“ื™ ืขืจื’ืกื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืข, ืฉื™ืœื˜, ืฉื™ืœื˜, 
ื ืึธืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืึทื’ืฒ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ื•ื™ ื–ื™ื™ ื•ื•ื™ืœื“...ื™ 


ืื•ืŸ ื–ืึธื’ื ื“ื™ืง ื“ืึธืก -- ืึทืจืึธืคึผื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ 
ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืจื•ื™'ืจื™ืง ื“ืขื ืงืึธืคึผ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืขืจ, 


ื—ื ื”! ื›'ื‘ืึทืฉืฐืขืจ ื“ื™ืš ื‘ืฒึทื ืงื•ืžืขื ื“ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’; 
ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืฒึทื™ื˜ืฉืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืืฒึทื™ืš ื–ืึธื’? 


"ื ื™ื˜ ืคืจืขื’! ืคืจืขื’ ื“ืฒื™ืŸ ืฐืฒึทื‘ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคืจืขื’ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื–ื•ืŸ - 
ืึธ ื’ืึธื˜ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจื’ืขืกืŸ ื“ืขืจืคื•ืŸ... | 


ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจื’ืขืกืŸ ืื™ื– ืฉื˜ืึทืจื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ..." ืฐืฒึทื‘, 
ื“ืึธืก ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื ืฒึทืข ืฉืฒึทื ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจื˜ืจืฒึทื‘ื˜ 


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ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ื–ืข ื“ื™ ืฉืึธื˜ื ืกืŸ,} ื“ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืžืึธืœ... 
"ื“ื• ื—ืœื•ืžืกื˜!" ืื™ืš ื—ืœื•ื! ืฐื•ึผ ื‘ื™ืกื˜ื•? ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืงื•ืœ! 


ืื™ืš ื”ืขืจ ืื™ื: "ื“ื• ื—ืœื•ืžืกื˜"... ืื™ืš ื—ืœื•ื, ื™ืึธ, ื™ืึธ! 
ืื™ืš ื—ืœื•ื! ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ื“ืึธ ื ืึธืš! ืฆื™ ื‘ื™ืกื˜ื• ื ืึธืš ื“ืึธ? 


ืื™ืš ื–ืข ืืฒึทืš, ืื™ืš ื–ืข ื‘ืขืช ืื™ืš ืฉืœืึธืฃ ื‘ืขืช ืื™ืš ืฐืึทืš 
ืื™ืš ื–ืข ืืฒึทืš ืคืึทืจืฉืžืึทื›ื˜ืข ืื™ืŸ ืคืขืœื“, ืึธืŸ ืึท ื“ืึทืš, 


ืื™ืš ื–ืข ืืฒึทืš ืคืึทืจืœืึธื–ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื ืึทืงืขื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื–, 
ืื™ืš ื–ืข ืืฒึทืขืจ ืขืœื ื˜, ื“ื™ ืคึผืฒึทืŸ ืืฒึทืขืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก, 


ืื™ืš ื–ืข ืืฒึทืš ืื•ืŸ ื–ืข ื ื™ื˜, ืื™ืจ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉืฐื™ื ื“ื˜ 
ืคืึทืจื•ื•ื™ืฉื˜ ืขืก ืžืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืจืขืจ ืืฒึทืš, ืžืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืจืขืจ ืžืึทื›ื˜ ืžื™ืš ื‘ืœื™ื ื“... 


ื™ืึธ, ื‘ืœื™ื ื“... ืึทืš ืฐื™ ืฆื•ืคืขืœื™ืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ืึทืจืฑืก 
ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขื ืคืจื™ืžืึธืจื’ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืœื™ื ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื”ื•ื™ื–! 


ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืฐืึธืก ืคืึทืจื–ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืš, ื™ืึธ, ืขืคึผืขืก ืคืึทืจื–ืขืŸ 
ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืืฒึทื™ืš ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืง ื’ืขืฉืขืŸ... 


ืื™ืš ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืฉืขื ืงืขืŸ... ื ืึธืš ื‘ืึทืœื“ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืจื™ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจ ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ื ืึธื ื˜ ืฆื•ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื, 


ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืึทืจืฑืก ืคื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฐืฑื ื•ื ื’ ื‘ืึทืจื•ื˜-- 
ืึทืจืฑืก... ืื•ืŸ ืขืก ืคืขืœื˜ ืžื™ืจ, ืžื™ืจ ืคืขืœื˜ ืึท ืžื™ื ื•ื˜ 


ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ืžืงื•ืงืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืฒึท ื“ืขืจ ื˜ื™ืจ... ื ืึธืจ ืึท ืงื•ืง! 
ืื™ืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฅ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึท ืฆื•ืง ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื™ืขืฆื˜ ืึท ืฆื•ืง-- 


ืคืึทืจ ืฐืึธืก ื‘ื™ืŸ ืึทืจืฑืก ืื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ืกืชึผื ืึทื–ืฑ? 
ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืžื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื–ื™ืŸ, ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืคืจื•ื™? 


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ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื›'ื–ืข ื“ื™ืš, ืžืฒึทืŸ ื—ื ื”, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื›'ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื“ื™ืš ื“ืขืจื–ืขืŸ -- 
ืื•ืŸ ืึทืœืฅ, ืึทืœืฅ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ, ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ! 


ื’ืขื“ืขื ืงืกื˜? ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื‘ื•ื™ื“ืขื, ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืึทืจืฑืฃ 
ืžื™ืจ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ืจ ืคื™ื ืฃ... ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืฃ 


ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืฉื•ื•ื™ืฉื˜ืฉืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืœื•ืคื˜ ื•ื™ ืึท ื‘ืฒึทื˜ืฉ 
ื“ืึธืก ืงื•ืœืขื›ืœ ืขืงืœื™ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ืฉืึทืจืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉ: 


"ืึทืœืข ืึทืจื•ื ื˜ืขืจ!" ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ 
ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืœืึทืก ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœ ื’ืขืžืึทื›ื˜ ืขืก ืคึผืึทืจืงืขืจื˜: 


ืขืจ ืจื•ืคื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื ื™ื“ืขืจ -- ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื”ืขื›ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืฃ! 
ื—ื ื”ืœืข, ื–ื™ืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืข, ื’ื™ืš, ื’ื™ืš ืึทืจืฑืฃ! 


ืฆื•ื ื‘ื•ื™ื“ืขื ืฆื•ื ื“ืึทืš, ืฆื•ื ืงื•ื™ืžืขืŸ -- ื”ื•ื™ืš, ื”ื•ื™ืš! 
ืžื™ืจ ืคืœื™ืขืŸ ืฐื™ ืคื•ื™ื’ืœ ืคืึทืจืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื“ืŸ ื•ื™ ืจื•ื™ืš... 


ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืึทืจืฑืฃ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื‘ื•ื™ื“ืขื-- ื’ืขื“ืขื ืงืกื˜? 
ืžื™ืจ ื–ื•ื›ืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ื•ื ืงืœืกื˜ืŸ ืึธืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ, ื“ื• ืฉืขื ืงืกื˜ 


ืžื™ืจ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืึท ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœ ืื•ืŸ ืก'ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ 
ืื•ื ื“ื– ืœื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง, ืฐื™ ืœื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืขืก ืฐืขืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“ 


ื‘ืฉืขืช ืขืก ื‘ืึทืฐืฒึทื–ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ื™ ื–ื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืจืึทื ื“. 
ืคื•ื ืขื ืžื–ืจื— -- ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื–ืขืกืŸ ื‘ืฒึทื ืึทื ื“, 


ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ื’ืขืฉื•ื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜-- | 
ื–ืข ืก'ืคืึทืœื˜ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื‘ื•ื™ื“ืขื ื“ื™ ื ืึทื›ื˜ ืฆื• ืื•ืŸ ืก'ื˜ืึธื’ื˜! 


ืก'ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืืฒื™ื ืฆืฒึทื™ื˜ื™ืง ื ืึทื›ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืขืก ื˜ืึธื’ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื”ืขืœ-ืจื•ื™ื˜, 
ืžื™ืจ ื–ื™ืฆืŸ, ืžื™ืจ ืคื™ื ืฃ, ืฆืฐื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜... 


220 


ื“ื™ ื ืึทื›ื˜ -- ื–ื™ ืคืึทืจื“ืขืงื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–, ื‘ืึทืœืขืงื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–, ื‘ืึทืฉืžืขืงื˜ 
ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืคืึทืœื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคื™ืก ืื•ื ื“ื– ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’ ืื•ืŸ ืึทื ื˜ืคึผืœืขืงื˜... 


ืึท ืฉื˜ื™ืง ื˜ืึธื’ ื•ื™ ืึท ืฉืคึผื™ืึธืŸ... ืื™ืš ืฆื™ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ืฆื•ื ืฐืึทื ื˜ 
ืžืฒึทื ืข ืคื™ืก... ืื•ืŸ ืขืก ื’ื™ืœื“ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’ ืึธืคึผ ื“ื™ ื”ืึทื ื˜, 


ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ืื™ืš ื“ื™ ื”ืึทื ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ, ืœื™ื™ื’ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื–ื™ ืœืฒึทื›ื˜- 
ื–ืขืฆื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืึทืงืกืœ ืื•ืŸ ืœืฒึทื›ื˜... 


ืžื™ืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืคืึทืจ, ื–ื™ืš ืฆืขืœืึทื›ื˜ -- 
ื–ื™ื™ ืคึผืœืขืคืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข, ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืึทื›ื˜! 


ืžื™ืจ ืœื™ื’ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื ืึทื›ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ืึธื’... 
ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืฉืึธืœืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืฐืึธื’! 


ื“ื™ ื–ื•ื ื™ืงืข ืคืœืขืงืŸ -- ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ืขืจื•ื•ืขืงื˜ 
ืึท ืคืจื™ื™ื“ ื˜ื™ืฃ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฆืŸ ื‘ืฒึท ืื•ื ื“ื– ืื•ืŸ ืึท ืฉืจืขืง... 


ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ืœ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืงืœืขืคึผ 
ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื˜ื™ืจ, ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื ืขืจื™ืฉืข ื˜ืจื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืขืคึผ... 


ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืคืึทืจื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ื“ืขื ืึธื˜ืขื -- ืึธื˜, ืึธื˜... 
ื’ืขื“ืขื ืงืกื˜ ื“ื™ ื‘ืœืึธืงืึทื“ืข? ื ืึธืš ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืึท ื˜ืจืึธื˜-- 


ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืฐืฒึทื–ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจ, ื“ืขืจ ื’ื–ืœืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืกื˜.., 
ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึธื ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ื“ืึทืžืึธืœืก|ื˜}... ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ 


ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึทื–ืฑ ืจื•ื™ึดืง, ื‘ืึทืฉืœืึธืกืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืจื™ื™ืกื˜-- 
ื—ื ื”! ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืึธื ืงื•ืงืŸ ืžื™ืš...! ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื• ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ 


ืฐื™ ื’ืขื˜ืจื™ื™ืกื˜ ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ืึทืžืึธืœืกืŸื˜} ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทืจืงื˜! 
ืงื•ื ืžื™ืื•ืกืขืจ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืฉื™ืก ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืฐืึทืจื’! 


721 


ื“ื• ืฉืจืฒื™ืกื˜! ืฉืจืฒึทืกื˜: ืึทืจื•ื ื˜ืขืจ, ื’ื™ืš, ื’ื™ืš! 
ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืึทืจืฑืฃ ืื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืš ืึธื ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš... 


ื“ื• ืจื•ื™ื‘ืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜, ื“ื• ื ืขืžืกื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื’ืœื™ืง, 
ืžื™ืจ ื’ื™ื‘ืŸ ืึท ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืคืึทืจ ืื™ื™ื ืขื ืึท ื‘ืœื™ืง! 


ื ื™ื˜ ื ืึธืจ ืึท ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืœื™ืง, ืž'ืงืขืŸ ืฉื˜ืึทืจื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืจื• / 
ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืึทื– ื“ืขืจ ืืฑืกืฐื•ึผืจืฃ ืฐืึธืก ื ืขืžื˜ ื‘ืฒึทื™ ืžื™ืจ ืฆื•. 


ืžืฒึทืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ, ืื™ื– ืขืจื’ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืฅ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“= . 
ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš -- ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœื•ื™ื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืจื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื™ ืึท ื˜ืจืขืจ, 


ืื™ ืื™ืš, ืื™ ื“ื™ ืคืจื•ื™ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ื™ืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืข ื“ืจืฒึท - 
ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึธื ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ืจื•ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ืคืจื™ื™... 


ื’ืขื“ืขื ืงืกื˜?... ืื•ืŸ ืึทืฆื™ื ื“ ืื™ื– ืžื™ืจ ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜, 
ืขืก ืคืขืœื˜ ืขืคึผืขืก-ืฐืึธืก ืžื™ืจ ืฐืึธืก ืึทืœืฅ ืื™ื–... ืขืก ืคืขืœื˜ 


ื“ืขืจ ืึธ ืงื•ืง ื˜ืึธืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืืฒึทืš... ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ 
ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื›'ื“ืจื™ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืก ื“ืขื ืงืึธืคึผ, ืงื•ืง ืืฒึทืš ืึธืŸ - 


ืงื•ืง ืึธืŸ ืืฒึทืš-- ืื™ืš ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื“ืึธืš ื’ืขื”ืึทื˜ ืืฒึทืš ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš- . 
ื‘ื ืฆื™ืงืŸ, ื™ืึธืžืขืงืŸ... ืื•ืŸ, ื“ื™ืš, ื—ื ื”, ื“ื™ืš! 


ืื™ืš ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื“ืึธืš ื“ืขืจื–ืขืŸ ืืฒึทืš! ืื™ืš ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืืฒึทื™ืš ื“ืขืจืฉืคึผื™ืจื˜-- 
ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื›'ื“ืจื™ื™ ื ืึธืจ ื“ืขื ืงืึธืคึผ ืื•ื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ื™ืจ, 


ืื•ืŸ ื–ืข ื“ื™ืš, ืงื•ืง ืึธืŸ ื“ื™ืš ืึท ืฐืฒึทืœืข ื’ื•ื˜-ื’ื•ื˜, 
ืื™ ื“ื™ืš ืื™ ื“ื™ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ื ืึธืš, ื ืึธืš ืึท ืžื™ื ื•ื˜-- 


ืึท ืงื•ืง ื˜ืึธืŸ ืึท ืœืขืฆื˜ืขืจ, ืึท ืœืขืฆื˜ืขืจ ืึท ื‘ืœื™ืง 
ืขืกื˜ ืืฒึทืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื ืคืฉ ื ืึธืš ืžืขืจ ื•ื™ ืึท ื‘ื™ืงืก, 


2722 


ืฉื™ืกื˜ ื“ื™ืงืขืจ, ืฉืึทืจืคืขืจ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืฐื•ึผ ืžืขืŸ ื‘ืึทื“ืึทืจืฃ, 
ืžืขืจ ืฐื™ ืึท ืคึผื™ืกื˜ืฑืœ-ืงื•ื™ืœ ืื™ ื–ื•ื“ื™ืง ืื™ ืฉืึทืจืฃ. 


ืื™ืš ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืœื™ืง ืืฒึทืš ืคึผืึทืจืฉืœืขืคึผื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ื, 
ืื™ืš ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืืฒึทืš ื‘ืึทื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ, ืืฒึทืš ืึทืœืข ื’ืขื”ื™ื™ื..,. 


ืึธ, ื—ื ื”ืœืข, ื’ืœื™ืง ืžืฒึทื ืขืจ, ื—ื ื”ืœืข ืžืฒึทืŸ-- 
ืึทืœืฒืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืึท ื’ืœื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ืึทื–ืฑ ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืงืœืขืš ื–ืฒึทืŸ! 


ื–ื™ืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืข ื™ื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืึทื–ืฑ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืคึผืจื•ึผื•ื•ื˜! 
ืื™ืจ ืจื•ืคื˜! ืึธ, ืื™ืš ื”ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื”ืขืจ ื•ื™ ืื™ืจ ืจื•ืคื˜... 


ืื™ืจ ืจื•ืคื˜ ืขืก ื ื™ื˜ ืžื™ืš... ืื™ืš ื–ืข ืฐื™ ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืฆื• ื’ืึธื˜... 


ืึธ ื•ื•ืขื ื“ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ืžื™ืจ! ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืœื™ื‘ืขืจ ืืฒึทืš ืžืขืจ, 
ืื•ืŸ ืžืขืจืขืจ ื‘ืึทื–ืึธืจื’ื˜... ืึทืš, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืš ื“ืขืจื”ืขืจ 


ืืฒึทืขืจ ืงื•ืœ... ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืš ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื ืึธืจ ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜ 
ืฐื•ึผ ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜-- ืึธ, ืื™ืš ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื“ืึทืŸ ื’ืขื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื• ืคื•ืก, 


ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื‘ืจื•ื™ื˜ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ืึธืจืขื, ืžื™ื˜ ืฐืึทืกืขืจ ืึท ืคืœืึทืฉ, 
ืึท ื”ืขืžื“ ืื•ืŸ ืึท ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืžื–ื•ืžืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืึทืฉ-- 


ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืก ื”ื•ื ื’ืขืจื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืจืฉื˜ื™ืง ื“ืึธืš ืื•ื™ืš -- 
ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขื ื—ื™ืžืœ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื”ื•ื™ืš | 


ื•ื•ืขื ื“ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ืžื™ืจ... ืื™ื™ืŸ ืจื•ืฃ ื ืึธืจ, ืึท ืจื•ืฃ - 
ืื•ืŸ ื›'ืงื•ื ื“ืึธืš ื‘ืึทืœืึธื“ืŸ ืฆื• ืืฒึทืš ืžื™ื˜ ื›ึผืœ-ื˜ื•ื‘! 


ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื˜ืจืขืจ, ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืคืจื™ื™ืœืขื›ืขืจ ื˜ืจืขืจ ืื™ื ืขื ืื•ื™ื’, 
ืžื™ื˜ ืฆืึทืจื˜, ืฆืึทืจื˜ ืึท ื”ืึทื ื˜... ืึธ ื’ื™ื‘ ื–ื™ืš ืึท ื‘ื•ื™ื’ 


723 


ืฉืคึผืึทืจ ื—ื ื”ืœืข ืึธืŸ ืื™ื, ื“ืขื ืงืึธืคึผ ื“ืฒึทื ืขื ืฉืฐืึทืจืฅ, 
ืื•ื™ืฃ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฆืขื‘ืจืึธื›ืขื ืขื, ื’ืœืฒื™ึดืงืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฅ, 


ืื•ื™ืฃ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฆืขื‘ืœื•ื˜ื™ืงื˜ืข, ืฆืขืฐืฒื™ื˜ืึธื’ื˜ืขืข ืฐื•ึผื ื“-- 
ืื™ืš ื’ืœืขื˜ ื“ืฒึทื ืข ื”ืึธืจ ืงื™ืœ, ืื™ืš ืงื•ืฉ ื“ื™ืจ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืจื•ื ื˜ 


ืื™ืš ื‘ืขื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืขื ื“ื™ืง ืฉื•ืœื“ื™ืง, ืคึฟืึทืจื’ื™ื‘! 
ืจื•ื™ื ืื™ึทื™ืŸ ื“ื™ืจ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ืขืจ ืึทื– ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื“ื™ืš ืœื™ื‘... 


ื“ื• ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ืœืึทื ื’ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ, ืคื•ืŸ ืœืึทื ื’ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ, ืžืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืจื™ื™ืกื˜, 
ืก'ืื™ื– ื’ื•ื˜ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื”ืขืจืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืฐืึธืก ืžืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜.., 


ื“ื• ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืขืก... ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืขืก ืึทืœื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื– ืึทื”ืขืจ 
ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜ ืึทื– ืื™ืš ืึทื–ืฑ ืœื™ื‘ ื“ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ืžืขืจ... 


ื‘ื ืฆื™ืงืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ืžื™ื ืงืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš -- 
ืึธ ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื”ื•ื™ืš, 


ื•ื•ืขื ื“ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ืžื™ืจ... ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืื™ืš ืงืขืŸ ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜ ื˜ืึธืŸ-- 
ืื™ืš ืงื•ืง ืืฒึทื™ืš ื ืึธืจ ื”ืึทืจืฆื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ื‘ืขืคื•ืœ ืึธืŸ... 


ืจื•ืฃ ื—ื ื”ืœืข, ืจื•ืฃ ืžื™ืš, ืจื•ืคื˜ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจืœืขืš, ืจื•ืคื˜-- 
ืื™ืš ืงื•ื ื“ืึธืš ื‘ืึทืœืึธื“ืŸ ืฆื• ืื™ึทื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ืคึผืœื™ื˜ื•ื‘: 


ื“ืจืฒึท ืกื•ื•ืขื˜ืขืจืœืขืš ืฐืึทืจืขื, ื“ืจืฒึท ืžืึทื ื˜ืขืœืขืš ืึทืœื˜, 
ื ืึธืจ ืืฒึทื™ืขืจืข, ืืฒึทืขืจืข... ืขืก ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื“ืึธืš ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืงืึทืœื˜, 


ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืงืึทืคึผืขื˜ ืึท ืจืขื’ืŸ, ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ืžืœ ืื™ื– ื’ืจื•ื™-- 
ืงื•ืžื˜ ื–ื™ืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืข, ืื™ื™ื“ืขืœืข, ืงื•ื ืื™ื™ื“ืขืœืข ืคืจื•ื™, 


ืฐืึธืก ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ ืคืึทืจืื™ื™ื ื–ืึทืžื˜ ืึทื–ืฑ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืงืœืขืžื˜? 
ืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืฒึทืš ื’ืขืคึผืฒึทื ื™ืงื˜ ืคืึทืจืฉืขืžื˜ 


724 


ืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืฒึทืš ื’ืขืžืึทื˜ืขืจื˜ ืื•ืžื–ื™ืกื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ืžื ื™ืฉื˜ 
ืึธ, ืื™ื™ื“ืขืœืข ืžืฒึทื ืข, ืึธ ืฐื™ืฉื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜, ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืฉื˜ 


ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืขืจืŸ... ื–ื™ ืงืึทืคึผืขืŸ ืืฒึทื™ืš ืฉื˜ื•ืžืข ืึทืจืึธืคึผ-- 
ื“ื™ ืœื•ื™ื˜ืขืจืข ื˜ืจืขืจืŸ - ื™ืึธ ืฐื™ืฉื˜ ื–ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ืึธืคึผ! 


ื–ืึธืœืŸ ื–ื™ ืงืึทืคึผืขืŸ... ืึท ื˜ืจืขืจ ื–ืขืŸ ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ-- 
ื ืึธืจ ื“ืขื ืฐืึธืก ืคืึทืจื’ื™ืกื˜ ื–ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืœืฒึทื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืจืขืจ. 


ื—ื ื”ืœืข! ื–ื™ืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืข-- ื“ืขืจืฉืœืึธื’ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื“ 
ืื™ืจ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื’ืึธืจ ื ื™ื˜... ืฆื™ ื–ืขื˜ ืื™ืจ ืžื™ืš ื ื™ื˜? 


ืฐืึธืก ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ ืื™ืŸ ืฐื™ืกื˜ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืคืขืœื“ ื“ืึธ ืึทืœืฒืŸ? 
ื–ืขื˜ ื˜ื™ืฃ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืึท ื”ืฒึทื–ืœ, ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ื ื™ื“'ืจื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ -- 


ืึท ืคึผืฑืขืจื™ืฉ ื”ืฒึทื–ืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืึธืš ืึท ื“ืึทืš, 
ืงื•ืžื˜ ืื™ื™ื“ืขืœืข ืžืฒึทื™ื ืข, ืคึผืึทืจื—ืœืฉื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฉืฐืึทืš. 


ืื™ืจ ืจื•ื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ืก ื–ื™ืš, ืื™ืจ ืฐืขื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ-- 
"ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืฑืขืจ ืึท ืคืึธืœืงืกื“ืฒื™ื˜ืฉ, ืขืจ ืœืึธื–ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ..." 


ืึท ืคืึธืœืงืกื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉ!?... ืื™ื– ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ืžื™ืจ ืžืฒึทื“ืŸ ืื™ื ืื•ื™ืก, 
ื“ืึธืก ืคืขืœื“, ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืขื™ืŸ-ื”ืจืข, ืื™ื– ื’ืจื•ื™ืก, ืึทื–ืฑ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก! 


ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืขืจื™ืฉืข ื”ืฒื™ื–ืœืขืš -- ื–ืขื˜, ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืขืŸ ืึท ืกืš! 
ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื ืึธืš ืึท ื“ืึทืš... 


ืึท ืคึผืฑืขืจ, ืื•ื‘ ื ื™ื˜ ื ืึธืจ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉ, ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืฉืœืขื›ื˜, 
ืจ'ืื™ื– ืจืฒึทืš ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืึทืŸ ืึธืจืขืžืขืจ, ืจ'ืื™ื– ืคืจืฒึทื™ ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืคึฟืึทืจืงื ืขื›ื˜. 


ืขืจ ืฉืขื ืงื˜ ืึท ืงืึทืจื˜ืึธืคืœืข, ืึท ืคึผืขื ืขืฆืœ ื‘ืจื•ื™ื˜-- 
"ืคืึทืจ ื”ืขืœืคืŸ ืึท ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืคึผืฑืขืจืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜.. " 


725 


ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜... ื ื•, ืื™ื– {ื ื™ื˜! ืึทื–ืŸ ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ืœ ื ื™ื˜-- ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜!ึผ 
ืฉืœืขื›ื˜, ื—ื ื”ืœืข ืžืฒึทื ืข, ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืึท ื™ื™ึดื“... 


ืื™ ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ ื’ื•ื˜! ื™ืึธ ื’ื•ื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื˜ืึธืจื˜ 
ื ื™ื˜ ืจื™ื™ื“ืŸ ื“ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ืจ ื™ืขืฆื˜, ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฐืึธืจื˜, 


ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ื˜ ืืฒึทืขืจ ื˜ืึทื˜ืŸ, ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืขืงืฉืŸ, ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืžืึทืŸ! 
ืคืึทืจืึทืŸ ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ืŸ, ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื’ื•ื˜ืก, ื™ืึธ ืคืึทืจืึทืŸ! 


ืื•ืŸ ืœืึธื–ื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืึทืจืฒึทื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื“ืึธ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื”ื•ื™ื–-- 
ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืฉืคึผืจืฒึทื–ืŸ ืคืขืœื“ ืืฒึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคืขืœื“ ืื•ื™ืก, 


ืžื™ืจ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจืœืขืš -- ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืึท ื’ืขืคืึธืœื’, 
ืžื™ืจ ื™ื•ื ื’ืข ืื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื ื’ืกื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœื˜ื™ื˜ืฉืงืŸ ืคืึธืœืง! 


ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื’ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืš ืึธืคืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคืจืฒึท ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืจื•ื™ื-- 
ืงื•ืžื˜, ื–ื™ืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืข, ื—ื ื”... "ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจืฆื•ื™ืžื˜..." 


ืื™ืš ื–ืข ื ื™ื˜! ืื™ืš ื–ืข ืื™ื, ื“ืขื ืฆื•ื™ื ื ื™ื˜... ืงื•ื! ืงื•ื! 
ื—ื ื”ืœืข, ืงื•ืง ืžื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืึธืŸ ืึทื–ืฑ ืฉื˜ื•ื, | 


ื–ืข, ื‘ื ืฆื™ืงืœ! ื‘ื ืฆื™ืง!-- ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ืš ื“ืขืจืงืขื ื˜.., 
ืื•ื™ืš ื™ืึธืžืขืงืœ ืฆื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืžื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืก ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื”ืขื ื˜, 


ื ืึธืจ ื“ื•, ื—ื ื”ืœืข, ื—ื ื”ืœืข, ืงื•ืงืกื˜ ืžื™ืš ืึทืœืฅ ืึธืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ืงืขื ืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืึทื’ืจืฒึทืคืŸ... ื“ืขืจืงืึธืŸ ืžื™ืš, ื“ืขืจืงืึธืŸ! 


ืื•ืŸ ืฉืขื ืง ืžื™ืจ ืึท ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœ ืื•ื‘ ืก'ืื™ื– ื“ื™ืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ, 
ืึท ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ืžืขื˜ ื’ืขืžื™ืฉื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื˜ืจืขืจ + 


ืื™ื– ืžืขืจ ืฐื™ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ืฐืึธืก, ืื™ื– ืžืขืจ ืฐื™ ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ 
ืฐืึธืก ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืกื˜ื•? ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื“ื™ืจ ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืึท ื’ืœืขื˜... 


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ืึท ื’ืœืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืง, ืึท ื’ืœืขื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืึทื ื˜ 


ืึท ืœืฒึทื›ื˜ืขืจ ืึท ื’ืœืขื˜ -- ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืš ืึทืœืฅ ืžื™ื˜ ืึทื ืึทื ื“! 


ืฐืึธืก ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืกื˜ื•!? ื“ื• ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืกื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื• ืœืึทื›ืกื˜ ื’ืึธืจ... ืึธืš, ืึธืš! 
ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื˜ืกื˜ ืฉื˜ื•ืžืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืžื™ืจ: "ื’ืœืขื˜ ื ืึธืš ืžื™ืš, ื’ืœืขื˜ ื ืึธืš 


ืื™ ืžื™ืš ืื™ ื“ื™ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ... ืฆื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ื• ื“ืขื ื˜ืฒึทื˜ืฉ 
ืฐืขืจืŸ ื’ืขืฉืœืขืคึผื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืฉืœืึธื’ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉ..." 


ื–ื™ ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืึทืจืฑืก ืขืก... ื“ื™ ืคึผืฒึทึทืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก, 
ื“ื™ ืคึผืฒึทืŸ ืจืขื“ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืœื™ืงืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ืžืข ืึทืจืฑืก, 


ืึธืŸ ื’ืจืขื ืขืฅ ืึท ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ืœืฒึทื“ ืึธืŸ ืึท ืžืึธืก - 
ื“ื™ ื–ื™ืŸ ืงื•ืงืŸ ืึธืŸ ืžื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ืคืจืขื’ืŸ: ืคืึทืจ ืฐืึธืก? 


ืขืก ืคืจืขื’ื˜ ืžื™ืš ื‘ื ืฆื™ื•ืŸ, ื‘ื ื™ืžื™ืŸ, - ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืš! 
"ืคืึทืจ ืฐืึธืก?" ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื”ื•ื™ืš, 


ื–ื™ื™ ืคืจืขื’ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึทืจื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ -- ื ื™ื˜ ืฐืึทืจื˜! 
ื’ืึธื˜? -- ื•ื™ ื ื™ืฉื˜ืึธ ืื™ื... ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ืžืœ ื’ืขื ืึทืจื˜, 


ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ืคึฟืžืึทืžืข ืขืจื“ ืงื•ืงื˜ ืงืึทืœื˜ ืฆื• ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ืคืจืขืžื“ 
ื•ื™ ืึทืœืข ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื‘ืึทืฉืคึผืฒึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉืขืžื˜... 


ื•ื™ ืึทืœืข ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืคืึทืจื˜ื™ืœื™ืงื˜ ืื•ืžื–ื™ืกื˜ 
ืคื•ืŸ ืคืขืœืงืขืจ ืฐืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืžื™ืกื˜. 


ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืš -- ืžื™ืš ืคืจืขื’ื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜... ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก ื ื™ื˜ ืึทืœืฒื™ืŸ 
ืคืึทืจ ืฐืึธืก ืžืขืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉืœืขืคึผื˜ ืžืฒึทื ืข ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจืœืขืš ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ? 


ืคืึทืจ ืฐืึธืก ืžืขืŸ ืคืึทืจืคึผืฒึทื ื™ืงื˜, ืžืขืŸ ืžืึทื˜ืขืจื˜ ืึทื–ืฑ 
ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืžืึทืžืขืŸ, ืžืฒึทืŸ ื™ื•ื ื’ืขืจ, ืžืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื™ื“ืขืœืขืจ ืคึฟืจืฑื™? 


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ืžืฒึทืŸ ื—ื ื”ืŸ, ืžืฒึทืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฅ ื˜ื™ืฃ ืฐืึธืก ืงืœืึทืคึผื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื™ืœ-- 
ืฐืึธืก ืฉืฐืฒึทื’ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืฉืฐืฒึทื’ื ื“ื™ืง ืคื™ืœ ืึทื–ืฑ, ืคื™ืœ... 


ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืฐืฒึทื’ืŸ-- ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ื ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ืฐื™ ืึท ืฉื˜ื™ื 
ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืึทื–ืึท ืกืš ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืœืขืจื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื... 


ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืžืขืจ ื“ื™ืš ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ืึทื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ืจืขื“ื˜... 
ื“ืขืจ ืืžืชืขืจ ืฉืฐืฒึทื™ื’ืขืจ-- ืขืจ ื”ืขืจื˜ ื“ืึธืš ืื•ืŸ ื–ืขื˜! | 


ืฆื™ ื”ืึธืกื˜ื• ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ืื™ื, ื“ืขื ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืง, ืฐืึธืก ืงื•ืžื˜? 
ืึธ ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื”ืึธืกื˜ ืฆื• ืžื™ืจ ื“ืึธืš ื’ืขืฉื•ื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืคึผืึทืจืฉื˜ื•ืžื˜... 


ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืฐืฒึทื’ืŸ - ืขืจ ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ืžื™ืš ื‘ืึทืจืฑึทืงืŸ, ืขืจ ืคืœืขื’ื˜ 
ืžืึทื›ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื’ืœื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืขืกืขืจืข ื˜ืขื’, 


ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืฐืฒึทื’ืŸ -- ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืึทืคื•ื™ืœืŸ ืžื™ืจ: ื’ืœื•ื™ื‘! 
ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื“ืึธืš ื’ืขืฉื•ื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ื•ื˜ืกืงื™ื™ื˜ ืึท ื˜ื•ื™ื‘, 


ืฆื• ืžื™ืจ, ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ, ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื˜ืขื ืข ื“ืจืฒื™, 
ืื•ืŸ ืœืขืจื ืกื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฉืฐืฒึทื’ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืœื™ื‘ืŸ, ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืจืฒื™... 


ื™ืขืฆื˜ ื˜ืจื™ื ืงื˜ ืื™ืจ ื“ืขื ื‘ื™ื˜ืขืจืŸ ืื•ื™ืก ืื™ื, ื“ืขื ื›ึผื•ืก-- 
ืื•ืŸ ื›'ืคืจืขื’ ืขืก ืึทืœืฒืŸ ื“ืึธืš! ืคืึทืจ ืฐืึธืก? ืคืึทืจ ืฐืึธืก? 


ืคืึทืจ ืฐืึธืก ืงื•ืžื˜ ื“ื™ ืคึผืฒึทืŸ ืืฒึทืš? ืคึฟืึทืจ ืฐืึธืก ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื“ื™ ืฉืžืึทืš? 
ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก ืึทื– ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ ืื™ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืกืš, 


ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ ื“ื™ ื‘ืขืกื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืฅ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ืึธ 
ื ื™ื˜ืึธ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ! ืก'ืื™ื– ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืืฒื™ืš ื“ืึธ ื ื™ื˜ืึธ! 


ื ืึธืจ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื’ืกื˜ืขืจ ืฐืึธืก ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืื•ืžื’ืขื‘ืจืึทื›ื˜ ืฉื˜ื•ื 
ืื™ื– ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ื ืื•ื. 


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ืื™ื– ื”ืขืœื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืžืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ืžื•ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืžืขืจ - 
ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ืขืŸ ืึท ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“ ืึธืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืจ? 


ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ืขืŸ ืึท ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื’ืึธื˜ืก ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ืขืจื“ 
ืึธืŸ ืคืฒึทืœ ืื•ืŸ ืึธืŸ ื‘ื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธื˜ืŸ? ืึธืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจื“? 


ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืฐืึธืคื ื˜-- ืจืฒึทื™ืคื˜ ืคื•ืœืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื ื“, 
ืื•ืŸ ื–ืขื˜ื™ืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืคืจื•ื™ ื–ื™ืš, ืื•ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“... 


ื“ื™ ืœืฒึทื›ื˜ืกื˜ืข ืžืœื—ืžื”! ื“ืขืจ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจืกื˜ืขืจ ื–ื™ื’, 
ื“ืขืจ ืงืจื‘ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืœื™ื‘ืกื˜ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ืฉืคึผื™ื ืก ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืคืœื™ื’, 


ื“ืขืจ ื‘ื™ืกืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ื™ืกื˜ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ืœื“ืก ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ื˜ื•ื™ื‘! 
ื•ื•ื™ื™ ื“ื™ ืฐืึธืก ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึธืจื“ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืจื•ื™ื‘! 


ื•ื•ื™ื™ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื—ื™ื” ืื™ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ-ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทืœื˜! 
ืฐืึธืก ื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ื ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืกืŸ ืื•ื™ืก ืึทืœื˜! 


ื“ืขืจื”ืจื’ืขื ืขืŸ ืขื•ืคืขืœืขืš, ืจื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืึทืฐืขืง 
ื‘ืฒึท ื–ืงื ื™ื-- ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข, ื’ืขืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ืข ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื˜ืขื’... 


ืฆื™ ืœืขืฉื˜ ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื–ื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืก? ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจ? 
ืึท ืžืขื ื˜ืฉื ืก ืึท ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืคืึทืจืœืขืฉืŸ ืื™ื– ืžืขืจ! 


ืึท ืžืขื ื˜ืฉื ืก ืึท ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ื– ืžืขืจ ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ื–ื•ืŸ! 
ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืžืขืจื“ืขืจ -- ื–ื™ ืœืึทื›ืŸ ื“ืขืจืคื•ืŸ. 


ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ืจื•ืฃ ืื•ื™ืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฉืจืขืงืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืœ 
ื•ื•ืขืจ ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ืึท ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืึท ืฆื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืžื•ื™ืœ: 


ืึท ืžื™ืœื™ืึธืŸ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉืข ืžืขืจื“ืขืจ ืคืึทืจ ืึท ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ ืงื™ื ื“, ื’ืึธื˜! 
ืคืึทืจ ืึท ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ ื”ื•ื™ื– ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืคืึทืจืฐื™ืกื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ืึท ืฉื˜ืึธื˜! 


7229 


ื”ืึธื‘ ืคืฒึทื ื˜ ื•ื™ ืึท ืฉืคึผื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™... ืึธ, ืžื™ืื•ืกืขืจ ืฉืคึฟื™ืŸ, 
ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืคืึทืจืžืฉืคึผื˜ ืึธืŸ ืžืฉืคึผื˜, ืึธืŸ ื“ื™ืฃ - 


ื”ืึธืกื˜ ืึทืœืขืžืขืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืขื‘ืจืึทื›ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืื•ืŸ ืื•ืžื–ื™ืกื˜, 
ื—ืจื•ื‘ ื“ื™ ื”ืฒึทื–ืขืจ, ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืžืขืŸ ืคึผืึทืจืฐื™ืกื˜, 


ืขืก ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ื ืึธืš ืึทื–ืฑื ืก ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฉืขืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ืึธืŸ ืึท ืคืึทืจืฐืึธืก ืื•ืŸ ืึธืŸ ืึท ืคืึทืจืฐืขืŸ... 


ืึธืŸ ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืžื™ืจ, ืฐื•ึผ ื–ืขื ื˜ ืื™ืจ? ืื™ืš ืคืจืขื’ ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก: 
ืื™ืš ืคืจืขื’ ืืฒึทืš ืื•ืžื–ื™ืกื˜... ืก'ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืงืึทืœื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืก... 


ืื•ืŸ ืจื•ืคื˜ ื™ืขืฆื˜ ืขืจ ืึธืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื“ืึธืก ืึธืจื˜ ืฐื•ึผ ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜-- 
ืื™ืš ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื“ืึธืš ืฆื• ืืฒึทืš ื ืึธืš ื™ืขืฆื˜ ืฆื•ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืงืขื ื˜ 


ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืฆื• ืืฒึทืš -- ืึทืš, ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจ ืžืฒึทื™ืŸ ื•ืขืœื˜! 
ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื–ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจืฆืึทืžื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ืขืœื˜... 


ื ื• ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืฐื•ึผ ื–ืขื ื˜ ืื™ืจ? ื›'ื•ื•ืขืœ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึทื”ื™ืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื‘ ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืคื•ืก, ืึทืš, ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืžื™ื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื–ื™ืŸ, 


ืžื™ื˜ ืžื™ื™ื ืข ื’ืขื“ืึทื ืงืขืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืฐื•ึผ ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜, 
ืฆื• ืืฒึทืš ืžืฒึทื ืข ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืจืขืจืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื ื“ื˜... 


ืึธ, ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืฐื•ึผ ื–ืขื ื˜ ืื™ืจ? ืื•ืŸ ื”ืขืจื˜ ื•ื™ ืขืก ืฉืœืฒึทื›ื˜. 
ืžืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืขื ืงืฉืึทืคื˜, ืžืฒึทืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ื‘ืข ืฆื• ืืฒึทืš- 


ื—ื ื”! ืึท ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืกื˜ 
ืคืึทืจืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื“ ื ื™ื˜... ืึธ, ื—ื ื”, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืš ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜ 


ื•ื•ึผ ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜, ื•ืฐื•ึผ ืื™ืš ืงืขืŸ ืืฒึทืš ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ-- ืื™ืš ืฐืึธืœื˜ 
ืžื™ื˜ ืžืฒึทื™ืŸ ืฆืขื‘ืจืึธื›ืขื ืขื ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื‘ืึทืฆืึธืœื˜ | 


230 


ืคืึทืจ ืึท ืงื•ืง ื ืึธืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืืฒึทืš ื ืึธืจ ืื™ื™ื ืขื ืึท ืงื•ืง 
ืึท ืงื•ืง ื ืึธืš ืึท ืœืขืฆื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื ื•ื’... 


ืžืขืŸ ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืึท ืžืึธืœ ืึทืœืฅ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืฐืึธืจื˜... ืก'ืื™ื– ืึท ื’ืœื™ืง! 
ืื•ืŸ ืึทืœืฅ, ืึทืœืฅ ื“ืขืจื–ืขื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขื ืึท ื‘ืœื™ืง 


ืขืก ื‘ืจืขื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืขืก ื‘ืจืึธื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืึท ืฐืึธืจื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจื–ืึธื’ื˜ 
ืคืึทืจืคึผืึทืกื˜ ืึธืคึผื˜ ืึท ื–ื•ื ืฉื˜ืจืึทืœ ืื•ืŸ ืฐื™ ืก'ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืึธื’ื˜... 


ืœืึทื ื’ ืงื•ืงืŸ ืื™ื– ืึธืจืขื, ืื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืœื™ืง ื˜ืึธืŸ ืื™ื– ืจืฒึทืš - 
ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ืœ ื ืึธืจ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืงืŸ ื‘ืœื™ืง ื˜ืึธืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืืฒึทื™ืš. 


ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืกืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืคื•ืœืŸ, ืคื•ืŸ ืงืจื•ื’, 
ืึท ืฉืœื•ืง ืื™ื– ื’ืขื ื•ื’ ืžื™ืจ, ื ืึธืจ ืื™ื™ื ืขื ืึท ืฉืœื•ืง! 


ื—ื ื”ืœืข! ื–ื™ืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืข, ืื™ื™ื“ืขืœืข ื–ื™ืŸ! 
ืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืš ืฆืขืฉื™ื™ื“ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื“ืขืจื™ืŸ 


ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื’ืขืฉืคึผืจืขืš ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื’ืขื“ืึทื ืง-- 
ื•ื•ืขืจ ืฐืึทื ืงื˜ ืขืก? ื“ื•, ื—ื ื”?... ืฆื™ ืื™ืš ื’ืึธืจ, ืื™ืš ืฐืึทื ืง? 


ื‘ื ืฆื™ืงืœ -- ื”ืึทืœื˜ ืžื™ืš! ื“ื• ื™ืึธืžืขืงืœ -- ื”ืึทืœื˜! 
ื”ืึทืœื˜ ื–ื™, ื“ื™ ืžืึทืžืขืŸ, ื–ื™ ืคืึทืœื˜, ืึทืš, ื–ื™ ืคืึทืœื˜! 


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ืฆื•ื”ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ 


ืฆื• ืึทืจืฒึทื ืคื™ืจ 10 ืง ืชึผื "ืš-ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’ืขืŸ 6 ืื™ื•ื‘, ื’' 


(11 ื˜ืขืจืŸ ืึทืงื˜. 5 


ืงืึทืคึผื™ื˜ืœืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืชึผื "ืš 


ืื™ื•ื‘ ื’', 


ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจืฉืจื™ื‘ืขื ืข (ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืžืขืงื˜ืข) ืคึผืึธืจ ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืจืึทื›ื˜ืŸ ืฉืขืจ-ื‘ืœืขื˜ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื™ื›ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜ืข 
ืชึผื "ืš-ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ืŸ, ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืื™ื•ื‘, ื’'-- ืื™ื– ื•ื™ ืขืก ืฐืฒึทื–ื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜ืขืจ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜, 
ืฉืคึผื™ื’ืœืขืŸ ืึธืคึผ ื™-ืง'ืก ื•ื•ืขื’ -- ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆืŸ ื‘ื™ื–ืŸ ื“ืจืึทืžืึทื˜ื™ื–ื™ืจืŸ ื“ืขื ืชึผื "ืš-ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ (ื–ืข ืื™ืŸ ืึทืจืฒึทื ืคื™ืจ ืฆื• ื ื•ืž' 
0 ื‘ื™ึทื™ื ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืจื™ื˜ืŸ ืึทืงื˜. 

ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ืึท ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืฉืข ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ืขื ืชึผื "ืš-ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื™ึดื™ื“ื™ืฉ ืื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขื ื–ืขืœื‘ืŸ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ื ืึธืš ื“ืขื ื•ื™ ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ืฒื˜ืฒืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืจืึทืžืข "ืื™ื•ื‘". ืึทืคื™ืœื• ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืฉื™ืžื” 
ืื™ื– ืึท ืงืœื™ื™ื ืข ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืงืขืŸ ืžืขืŸ ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ืขืจืข ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืื™ื– 
ื“ื™ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจืข ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืข, ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืขื ื“ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ื•ืึทืฆื™ืข. 


ืกืคืจ ืื™ื•ื‘ (ืคืจืง ื’') ื“ื™ ื“ืจืึทืžืข "ืื™ื•ื‘" (ืึทืงื˜ 111) 

0 ื“ืขืจ ืกื•ื‘ื™ืขืงื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืึทืฅ ื•ืขืจื˜ ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ- ื“ืขืจ ืกื•ื‘ื™ืขืงื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืึทืฅ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืขื‘ืŸ ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ- 
ื–ื›ืจ ("ืฐืฒึทืœ ืจ'ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจืžืึทื›ื˜/ ..-- //ื ืงื‘ื” '"ืฐืฒึทืœ ื–ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ืจืŸ ื ื™ื˜ 
ืขืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื“ืขืจืžื™ื˜..... ") ืคืึทืจืžืึทื›ื˜/..... ื–ื™ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื“ืขืจืžื™ื˜.....") โ€ - 


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ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืชึผื "ืš-ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’ ื”ืึธื˜ ื™.ืง. ืึธื ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ืขื ืžื™ืŸ ื–ื›ืจ ืคืึทืจืŸ ืกื•ื‘ื™ืขืงื˜ "ื“ื™ ื ืึทื›ื˜", ืœื•ื™ื˜ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉ, ื•ื•ึผ 
"ื ืึทื›ื˜" ืื™ื– ืœืฉื•ืŸ-ื–ื›ืจ. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืจืึทืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืขืก ืงืึธืจืขื’ื™ืจื˜ ืœื•ื˜ ื™ึดื™ื“ื™ืฉ, ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืœืฉื•ืŸื™ื ืงื‘ื” - 
ืœื•ื™ื˜ืŸ ื™ื™ื“ื™ืฉืŸ ื’ืจืึทืžืึทื˜ื™ืฉืŸ ืžื™ืŸ. ืึท ืคึฟืึทืจืงืขืจื˜ืข ืกืขืงื•ื•ืขื ืฅ ื‘ืฒึทื™ื ืึทืจืฒึทื ืคื™ืจืŸ ื“ืขื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืคึผืึทืกื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ืœืึธื’ื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆืŸ. 


1 ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึทืžืขืก ื‘ื•ื™ืš ืึทืจืฑืก ืื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸืึท ืงืจื‘ืŸ. ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึทืžืขืก ื‘ื•ื™ืš ืึทืจืฑืก ืื•ืŸ ื’ืœืฒึทื™ืšืึท ืงืจื‘ืŸ. 

1 ืึธ ื“ื™ ืฐืึธืก ืงื•ืงืŸ ืื•ื™ืก ื“ืขื ื˜ื•ื˜ ืึธ, ื“ื™ ืฐืึธืก ืงื•ืงืŸ ืื•ื™ืก ื“ืขื ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ 

3 ื“ืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืื™ืŸ ืคืœื•ื’ -- / ืึธ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื ื•ื’ ื“ืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืื™ืŸ ืคืœื•ื’ / ืึธ, ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื ื•ื’ 

4. ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ื ืึธืš ืื™ืš ื˜ืจืึธื’ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืจื•ื™ื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ื ืึธืš ืื™ืš ื˜ืจืึธื’ ืžื™ึทื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื•ื™ื˜, ืžืฒึทื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืกืŸ 
ื‘ื™ืกืŸ ืฆื•..... ืฆื• 2 

ืื•ืŸ ื’ื™ืกืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฆืขื’ื™ืกืŸ / ื•ื™ ืฐืึทืกืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ื“ื™ ืื•ืŸ ื’ื™ืกืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฆืขื’ื™ืกืŸ / ื•ื™ ืฐืึทืกืขืจ ื–ื™ืš, ื“ื™ 
ื•ื•ื™ื™ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื™ืขืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืข..... ื•ื•ื™ื™ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื™ืขืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืข ื™ื™ 

5 ื“ืขืจ ืคึผื—ื“ ืคืึทืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขืฆื™ื˜ืขืจื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผื—ื“ ืคืึทืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขืฆื™ื˜ืขืจื˜ ื•ื™ ืึท 
ื•ื™ ืึท ื‘ืœืึทื˜ / ืื™ื– ืžื™ืจ ืคืึธืจืฑืกื’ืขืœืึธืคืŸ / ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืœืึทื˜--- / ืื™ื– ืžื™ืจ ืคืึธืจืฑืกื’ืขืœืึธืคืŸ, / ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืฉืจืขืง ืคืึทืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ != ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืžื•ืจื ืฉื˜ืึทืจืง ืฉืจืขืง ืคืึทืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืžื•ืจื ืฉื˜ืึทืจืง 
ื’ืขื”ืึทื˜/ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ืš ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธืคืŸ. ื’ืขื”ืึทื˜-- / ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ืš ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธืคืŸ... 

6. ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ, ืึทืš ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ, ืึทื— ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื’ืจืฑื™ืก ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ 
ืคืึทืจื“ืจื•ืก! ืคืึทืจื“ืจื•ืก... 


ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธืจืขื’ื™ืจื˜ืขืจ ื“ืึทื˜ื™ื‘ (ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืกื•ืง 25) ื•ื™ ืื•ื™ืš ืึทืœืข ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข ื“ืึธ ืึธื ื’ืขืฐื•ื™ื–ืขื ืข ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ื•ืึทืฆื™ืข-ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื, ืฐืฒึทื–ืŸ 
ืึธืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืจื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ ื‘ืฒึทื ื‘ืึทืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคึผืจืง ื’' ืคื•ืŸ ืกืคืจ ืื™ื•ื‘ -- ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืชึผื "ืš ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ 
ื“ืจืึทืžืข. ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขื‘ืจืึทื›ื˜ืข ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืื™ื– ืึท ืคืึทืจืงืขืจื˜ืข ืจื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืึท ืกืš ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืึทื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจืฐืฒึทื–ืŸ. 


ืฆื• ืึทืจืฒึทื ืคื™ืจ 11 ื™ืขืงื‘ ืื•ืŸ ืขืฉื‚ื• 


ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ ื“ืึธ ืึท ืงื•ืจืฆืข ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ ื›ืึทืจืึทืงื˜ืขืจื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืข ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ึดืฉืŸ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’, ืœื•ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืžื™ืจ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื•ื ืื•ื™ืกืคื™ืจ -- ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ ืื™ื– 
ื“ืขืจ ืขื™ืงืจ ื’ืขืžืึทื›ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืœืฉื ืจืขืคึผืขืจื˜ื•ืึทืจ-ื‘ืึทื“ืขืจืคืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™-ืง'ืก ื“ืจืึทืžืึทื˜ื™ืฉืข ืึทืจืฑืกื˜ืจืขื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ื“ืจืึทืžืึทื˜ื™ืฉืŸ ืงืจืฒึทื–. ื“ืึธืš ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ, ืึทืคื™ืœื• ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงืœื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืฆืึธืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื, ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืข 
ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื˜ืขื ืขืจ ืฐืึธืก ืคืึทืจืžืึธื’ืŸ ืึท ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืข ืึทืงื˜ื•ืขืœืข ืึธื ืฆื•ื”ืขืจืขื ื™ืฉ. 


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ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ 


ื–' 192 ื˜ื•ื‘ ืืžื•ืช ืฉื ื” ืงื“ื .....ื›'ื•ื•ื™ืœ ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื™ืึธืจ ืึท ื’ืึทื ืฆืก ืึทืคึผืจื™ึดืขืจ 
ืฉื˜ืึทืจื‘ืŸ 


ื ืึธืจ ืื™ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขืฉื˜ืจืึธื›ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ: "ืึท ื™ืึธืจ" 


ื–ื™ 193; ืขืฉื‚ื•: ืื ื›ื™ ืื ืขื™ืคืชื™-- ืชืจื•ืคื” ืื—ืช ืœื™: ืขืฉื‚ื•: ืื™ืš -- ืงื•ื™ื ื•ื•ืขืจ ืื™ืš ืฉืฐื•ืึทืš-- / ืื™ื– ื“ืึธ ืื™ื™ืŸ 
ืื›ืœ! ื”ื‘ ื”ื‘... ื–ืึทืš /ืฐืึธืก ืงืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืžื™ื“ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืžืึทื›ืŸ ืžื™ืจ 
| ืคืึทืจื’ืขืกืŸ/ืขืกืŸ! / ืึท ืฉื˜ื™ืงืœ ื‘ืฉื‚ืจ, ืึท ื‘ื™ืกืœ ื“ื - / 

ื”ืึทื! ื”ืึทื! 


ืขืฉื‚ื•ืก ืขืฉื‚ื•ื“ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขืฉื˜ืจืึธื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฆื•ื’ืึธื‘ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ ืคื•ืŸ "ื‘ืฉื‚ืจ" ืื•ืŸ "ื“ื" (ืœื™ื™ืขืŸ: ื“ืึทื, 
ืึธื ืฐื™ื ืงืขื ื“ื™ืง ืื•ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขื ื”ืขืคื˜ "ื‘ืฉื‚ืจ-ื•ื“ื" ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืึธื ืฆื•ื”ืขืจืขื ื™ืฉ ืึทื– ืขืฉื‚ื• ืื™ื– ืึท ืžืขื ื˜ืฉื ืคึผืจืขืกืขืจ. 
ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืžืขื’ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจ ืึทืŸ ืึทืงื˜ื•ืึทืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืŸ ืคึผื™ืจื•ืฉ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึทื ื˜ืฐื™ืงืœื˜ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ, 


ื–' 194: ืืฉืชืขืฉืข ื‘ื” 2220 ืื™ืšืฉืคึผื™ืœืžื™ื˜ืื™ืจื–ื™ืš (ืฉืžื—ื”)... 
ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื’ืึธื‘ ืื™ืŸ ืงืœืึทืžืขืจืŸ, ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ -- ืคืขืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ึดืฉืŸ. 

ื–ื™ 195; - ื— - - - - ///( ื˜ืึธื’ ืื™ื, ื™ืขืงื‘, ืื•ื™ืก.. 

ืึท ืฆื•ื’ืึธื‘ ืื™ืŸ ืขืฉื‚ื•ืก ืจื™ื™ื“, ืื™ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜, ืคืขืœื˜ ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉ. 

ื–' 2199 ..ืชื‘ืงืฉ ืžื ื™ ืืช ื”ื“ื•ื“... .. ื ืขืžืกื˜ ืึธืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื“ืขื ื˜ืึธืคึผ (ืฉืจื™ื™ื˜)..... 


ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื’ืึธื‘ ืื™ืŸ ืงืœืึทืžืขืจืŸ, ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ -- ืคืขืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ึดืฉืŸ. 


ืฆื• ืึทืจืฒึทื ืคื™ืจ 16 ืึทืจื•ื ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื (ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึทืกื˜ืขื›ืขืจ) 


ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืฉืข ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ึดืฉืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜: 


ื–' 382: ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ืขื ืคืึทื ื’ื˜ ืึธืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืึทื ื“ืœื•ื ื’, ืื•ื™ืฃ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ, ืื™ื– ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื‘ื™ื˜ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ. ืกืฒึท ืื™ืŸ "ื‘ื™ืŸ 
ื”ืจื•ืขื™ื" ืื•ืŸ ืกืฒึท ืื™ืŸ "ืึทืจื•ื ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื" ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ึดืฉ ืœื™ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื™.ืง.: ืื™ืŸ "ื‘ื™ืŸ 
ื”ืจื•ืขื™ื" ืคืึทื ื’ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืœื™ื“ "ืขืจื‘", ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ ืชืจืฆ"ื, ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืจื™ื, 
ืชืจืฆ"ื—, ื‘ืึทื ื“ 111 ื–' 9 ; ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืจื™ื, ืชืฉืœ"ื”, ื–' 262. ืื™ืŸ "ืึทืจื•ื ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื" ืคืึทื ื’ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืœื™ื“ "ื™ืคื™ื ื”ืœื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ื›ื ืขืŸ", ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ ืชืจืก"ื•, ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืจื™ื, ืชืจืฆ"ื—, 
ื‘ืึทื ื“ 11, ื–' 9, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืชืฉืœ"ื” ื–' 110. 

ื–' 390-389: ื“ืขืจ ืคืจืึทื’ืžืขื ื˜, ืคื•ืŸ-- "ืื™ืจ ืืคืฉืจ, ืื™ืจ, ืฐืขื˜ ืืคืฉืจ ืขืก ื‘ืึทืฐืฒึทื–ืŸ", ื‘ื™ื– -- "ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทืœื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 
ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืŸ ืึท ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืžืึธืœ", ืื™ื– ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื’ืจืขืกืขืจืข ืคืจืึทื’ืžืขื ื˜ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื™.ืง. ื”ืึธื˜ ืฆื•ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ 
ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ. 

| ื–ื™ 393-391: ื“ืขืจ ืคืจืึทื’ืžืขื ื˜, ืคื•ืŸ-- "ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื ืฉื˜ืึทืจื‘ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื™ ืก'ืฉื˜ืึทืจื‘ื˜ ืึท ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืึธืคึผ ืกืชึผื", ื‘ื™ื–-- "ืืœื™ื”ื• 


237 


(ืคืึทืจื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜): ื“ืึธืก ืœืึทื ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜.../ ื™ึธื, ื™ืึธ...", ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื’ืจืขืกืขืจืขืจ ืคืจืึทื’ืžืขื ื˜ ืฐืึธืก ื™.ืง. ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืฆื•ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ. 

ื–ื™ 395-394: ื“ืขืจ ืกื˜ืจื•ืงื˜ื•ืจ-ืื™ื‘ืขืจื‘ื•ื™ (ื“ืึธืก ืฆืขื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ ื“ืขื ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ึดืฉืŸ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึทืงื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ื ื•ืกื—), 
ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืึทื ื’-ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืงื˜ ืฆื• ืึทืงื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืชึผื ื•ืขื•ืช ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื ืข (ื“ืึธ ืœื™ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืขืœืช- 
ืื•ื‘ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึทื ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคื™ืจ ืคืจื•ื™ืขืŸ-ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทืœื˜ืŸ) -- ื“ืึธืก ืึทืœืฅ, ืื™ื– ื™-ืง'ืก ืึท ืฆื•ื’ืึธื‘ ืฆื•ื ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ึดืฉืŸ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜, ืื™ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ. 

ื–ื™ 407: ืื™ืŸ "ืึทืจื•ืก ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื", ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืึทืจืึทืžืขื™ึดืฉืขืจ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ "ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืจื•ืขื™ื" ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ 
ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ, ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ื’ื™ื˜ ื™.ืง. ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ: "ื”ืึธืกื˜ ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขื‘ืจืึทื›ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืคืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืงืขื ื™ื’ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืœ ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืก?" 
ื–' 413: ืึท ืฆื•ื’ืึธื‘ ืคื•ืŸ 5 ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืจื™ื™ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืขืœืช-ืื•ื‘, ืคืึทืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืขืก ืื™ื– ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื›ืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคืึทืจืึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ 
ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ึดืฉืŸ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜: ืคื•ืŸ -- "(ื–ื™ ื’ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึท ื“ืจื™ื™ ื•ื™ ืึท ื•ื•ื™ืจื‘ืœื•ื•ื™ื ื˜)", ื‘ื™ื–-- "ืื™ืš ื“ืจื™ื™ ืžื™ืš!" 

ื–' 416: ื“ืึธืก ืฐืึธืจื˜: "ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ", ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขืฉื˜ืจืึธื›ืŸ ื ืึธืจ ืื™ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ. 

ื–ื™ 417: ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืขื ืกื˜ืจื•ืงื˜ื•ืจ-ืื™ื‘ืขืจื‘ื•ื™ ื“ืึธ, ืื™ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ื ื•ืกื— (ื“ืึธืก ืฆืขื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ ื“ืขื ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ึดืฉืŸ ืืฒื™ื ืึทืงื˜ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ 
ื“ืจืฒึท ืึทืงื˜ืŸ)-- ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื ืึธืจ ืื™ืŸ "ืึทืจื•ื ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื". | 

ื–' 421-418: ื“ื™ ืคืจืึทื’ืžืขื ื˜ืŸ, ืคื•ืŸ - "ืืœื™ื”ื•: ื“ื™ ื‘ืขืœืช-ืื•ื‘!", ื‘ื™ื– -- "ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ื ืึธืจ ืึท ืžื™ื˜ืœ... (ื‘ืึทืคืขืœื˜)", ืื•ืŸ 
ืคึฟื•ืŸ-- "ื‘ืขืœืช-ืื•ื‘: ื™ื•ืกืคืŸ - ื™ืึธ, ื™ืึธ, ืคืึทืจืึทืŸ!", ื‘ื™ื–-- "ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”: (ื˜ืจืขื˜ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง)", ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืœืขื ื’ืขืจืข ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืฆื•ื’ืึธื‘ืŸ 
ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ. ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ืข, ื•ื™ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ื™ ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ืข ืคื•ื ืขื ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืขื ืขื ืœื™ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืขืœืช-ืื•ื‘ (ืื•ื™ืฃ 
ื–ืฒึทื˜ืŸ 395-394) ืื™ื– ืฆื• ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืึทื ื’-ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืึทืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ. 

ื–' 2427 "ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ" -- ืฆื•ื’ืึธื‘-ื–ืึทืฅ, ืึทืจืฒึทื ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ื ืึธืจ ืื™ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜, ื•ื™ ืึท ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืืœื™ื”ื•ืก 
ืœื•ื™ื‘ืจื™ื™ื“ ืฆื• ื™ื•ืกืคื•ืก ืคืœืึทื•ื•ื™ื•ืกืŸ. 

ื–' 428: ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฆื•ื’ืึธื‘-ืคืจืึทื’ืžืขื ื˜, ืคื•ืŸ - "ื•ื•ื™ื™ืš-ื˜ื™ื™ื’ืขื“ื™ืง", ื‘ื™ื–-- "ืึธื˜ ืงืึทืคึผืขื˜/ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื ื™ืง,/ ืึธื˜ 
ืงืึทืคึผืขื˜/ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื ื™ืง,/ ืึธื˜ ื˜ืจื™ืคื˜/ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื’ืึธืจ ื’ื™ืคื˜,/ ืกื!/ ืึท ืฆื•ื ื’ - ", ืึทื ื˜ืฐื™ืงืœื˜ ื™.ืง. ืื™ืŸ "ืึทืจื•ื 
ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื" ืื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ึดืฉืข ืฉื•ืจื” ืคึฟื•ืŸ "ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืจื•ืขื™ื" ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืฉืœืžื” ืžื•ืœื›ื•ืก ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฉื ื™ื˜ืขื ืจ ืฆื•ื ื’ (ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจื™ื™ื“ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืขืœืช-ืื•ื‘): "ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืื“ืžื“ืžืช, ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืจื›ื” ื“ืงื”, ืžืชืคืชืœืช, ืžืชืคืœืฉืช, ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื›ืืฉ ืื•ื›ืœืช" (ื–ืข: ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืจื•ืขื™ื, 
ื–' 69). ื™.ืง. ืคึฟืึทืจืฐืึทื ื“ืœื˜ ื“ื™ ืฉื•ืจื” ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื˜ืขืึทื˜ืจืึทืœื™ืฉืŸ ืžืึธื ืึธืœืึธื’ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ "ืฉื‘ื—ื™-ื”ืฆื•ื ื’" ืื™ืŸ ืžื•ื™ืœ (ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจื™ื™ื“) 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืขืœืช-ืื•ื‘. 

ื–ื™ 436; "ืžื•ืœื›ื• (ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœืขื ื“ื™ืง)" -- ืึท ืฆื•ื’ืึธื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืกืฆืขื ื™ืฉืขืจ ืึธื ืฐืฒึทื–ื•ื ื’, ื‘ืฒึทื ืึธื ื”ืฒื™ื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืœืžื” ืžื•ืœื›ื•ืก ืึท 
ืจืขืคึผืœื™ืงืข, ื ืึธืš ื“ืขื ืฐื•ื™ ื“ื™ ื‘ืขืœืช-ืื•ื‘ ืคืึทืจืžืึทื›ื˜ ื“ืขื ื–ืึทืง. 

ื–ื™ 437: "ื“ื™ ืฉื•ืจื•ืช: "ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืึทืฐื™ื–ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื™ืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฆืขืจ ืจืฉืขื•ืช -- /ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื”ืจื’ืขื˜ ืžื™ืš," ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื•ืจื•ืช: 
"ืึทืœืข: ื™ืึธ! ื™ืึธ! / ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”: ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื”ืึทื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื™ื˜ื”!", ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืฆื•ื’ืึธื‘ืŸ - ืื™ืŸ ืฉืœืžื” ืžื•ืœื›ื•ืก ืจื™ื™ื“, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท 
ื“ืึธืคึผืœื˜ืขืจ ืจืขืคึผืœื™ืงืข. 

ื–ื™ 440: "ื•ื•ื™ ืึทืœืข ืžื™ืจ" -- ืฆื•ื’ืึธื‘ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืคึผืึธืœืึทืฆื™ืข ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ืจืฒึท ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ, ืฆื•ื ืกื•ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื ื—ืžื™ื”ืก ืจื™ื™ื“ ื‘ืฒึท ื“ืขืจ 
ืขื ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’. 


238 


ืฆื• ืึทืจื™ื™ื ืคื™ืจ 22 ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืœ 


ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื ื ื•ืกื— ืคื•ืŸ "ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืœ": 


ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืข ืฉื•ืจื” ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ืกื˜ืจืึธืคืข ืื™ืŸ ืงืึทืคื™ื˜ืœ ื”' ื“ืจื•ืงืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื“ืึธ: "ืคื•ืŸ ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจ ื”ืขืœ ืึท ืฉืฒื™ืŸ", 
ืœื•ื™ื˜ืŸ ืงืึธื ื˜ืขืงืกื˜. ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœืข ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ืข ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืงืึธืคึผื™ืขื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืึทื ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ "ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจ"-- 
ื™ื™ืคื™ื ืกื˜ืขืจ". ืžื™ืจ ืงืึธืจืขื’ื™ืจืŸ ืึทื–ืฑ ืึทืจื•ื ืึท ื˜ืขื•ืช ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืฉืจืฒื™ื‘ืขืจ, 


ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ืขืงืกื˜, ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ "ื‘ืœืขื˜ืขืจ ืคืึทืจ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข", ืขื ื“ื™ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“-- ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื•ืจื”: "ืื™ืŸ 
ืงืขืœืขืจ ื”ืขืจืฉื˜ ื“ื™ ื ื•ื™ื˜". ืžื™ืจ ื“ืจื•ืงืŸ ื“ืึธ: "ืื™ืŸ ืงืขืœืขืจ ื”ืขืจืฉื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜", ืœื•ื˜ ืึท ืคืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืคื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืคืจื™ืกื˜ืŸ 
ืึธืคึผื’ืขืจืึทื˜ืขืฐืขื˜ืŸ ืžืงื•ืจ-- ืึท ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืžืึทืฉื™ืŸ-ืงืึธืคื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ (ื–ืข ืึทืจืฒึทื ืคื™ืจ 22). 


ืฆื• ืึทืจืฒึทื ืคื™ืจ 31 2 ืขืคืขื ื•ื ื’ ืฆื• ืึท ืœืขืจืขืจ-ืžืกื™ื‘ื” ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ 
ืกื“ืจ-ื ืึทื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ ืชืฉ"ื‘ = 


ื“ื™ ื ืึทื›ื˜, {ืึท ื’ืจืฑืœื ืึทื›ื˜... ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข, } ืึทืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ื ืึทื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืื•ืœื”... ืึธื˜ ื˜ืึทืงืข: ื“ื™ ืึธ ืึธื ื’ืขืœืขื ื˜- 
ื–ื™ืฆื ื“ื™ืงืข ืคืึทืจื–ืึทืžืœื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืš ืึท ืฉื‚ืžื—ื” ืœื›ึผื‘ื•ื“ ืขืจืฉื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ื’ืื•ืœื”, ืžื™ืจ ืึท ื’ืจื•ืคึผืข ? ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉืข + ืœืขืจืขืจ ืื™ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื‘ืึทืœืึทื’ืขืจื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืขื ื’ืขื ื™ืฉ-- ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืึธ ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขื ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธืคืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ื™ื•ืก-ื˜ื•ื‘... ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื™ื•ื- 
ื˜ื•ื‘ ืคืจื™ืœื™ื ื’ ื™ืึธืจ... ืžื™ืจ ืคึผืจืึทืฐืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ื’ืื•ืœื”-ื ืึทื›ื˜ ืฐืึธืก ื™ื•ื™ืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– (ื”ืฒึทื ื˜} ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ืึทื ืฒึทื˜ืขืจ 
ืงืจืึทืคึผื˜, ืฐืึธืก ืฉื˜ืฒึทื’ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืึทืœืฅ ืžืึทื›ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก ืฉืœืึธื’ื˜ (ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทื’ืฒื™ืกื˜ืขืจื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืžื™ื˜ 
ื“ืึธืคึผืœื˜ืขืจ ืึทืœืฅ ืฐืึทืงืกื ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ื’ื‘ื•ืจื”. ื“ืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืขืœื“ืŸ, ื“ื™ ื”ืขืœื“ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ื™ึทื™ืกื˜ ื‘ืขืช ื–ื™ื™ ืฉื˜ืฒึทื’ืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ 
ืขืฉืึทืคืึธื˜ ืคืขืกื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืืžื•ื ื” ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื—ื“ื•ื•ื” ื ืึธืš ืžืขืจ, ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ื—ื“ื•ื•ื” ืฐืึธืก ืงื•ื•ืขืœื˜! ื“ื™ ืฐืึธืก 
ืงื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืขื ื˜ื•ื˜ ืึทื ื˜ืงืขื’ืŸ! ื•ื™ ืคืจืขืžื“ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื–... ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืžืึทืจืึทื ืขืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธืคืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ืกื“ืจ ืึท 
ื’ืขื”ื™ื™ืžืขืŸ, ื ืึธืจ (ื“ืขืจืœื™ื™ื–ื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ} ืคืึทืจืžื™ืฉืคึผื˜ืข ืฆื•ื ื˜ื•ื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคืึทืจื–ืึทืžืœื˜ ื‘ืฒึท ืึท ืฉื‚ื™ืžื—ื” ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ืœืขืฆื˜ืขืจ 
ืกืขื•ื“ื”-ืฉื‚ืžื—ื”... ื—ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื—ื’ื - ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉืขื” ื˜ื•ื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืฉืฐื•ืฒึทื™ื’ืŸ... ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื“ืึธืš ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ืœ ืฉื˜ื™ืœ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ 
ืฉื—ื™ื˜ื” ืžื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ื•ืžื˜ืข ืžืฒึทื™ืœืขืจ ืึธืŸ ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืฆื™ึดืขืŸ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ื‘ืจื™ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืก ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื”ืึทืœื“ื– ืฆื•ื ื—ืœืฃ ืื•ืŸ 
ืžื™ืจ ืจื™ื™ื“ืŸ {(ื”ืฒึทื ื˜} ืงืœืึธืจ, ืึธืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืึธืจ ืžืœื™ืฆื”. ืึทื– ืžืข ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืขืฉืึทืคึผืึธื˜ ืจืขื“ื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ 
ืœืฉื•ืŸ. ื•ื™ ืคืจืขืžื“ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื–, ื“ืึธืš ืฐื™ ืคืจืขืžื“ ืขืก ื–ืึธืœ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื–ืฒึทื™ืŸ ืื™ื– ืขืก ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื˜ืจื™ื‘ืŸ. 

ื˜ืึทืงืข, ืึท ื ืึทื›ื˜ ืคืึทืจ ื’ืื•ืœื” ืื™ื– ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ื™ืงืข ื ืึทื›ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื ืึทื›ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืงื ืขื›ื˜ืฉืึทืคึฟื˜... ืึท ื’ืจื•ืœื ืึทื›ื˜ ืื•ื™ืš 
ื˜ืึทืงืข, ืึท ื ืึทื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืจืขืงืขื ื™ืฉ -- ื™ืึธ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจ ืคึผืึทืจืฉืงืœืึทืคื•ื ื’... ืคืจืฒึทื™ืข ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืื™ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื 
ื™ืึธืžืขืจื˜ืึธืœ, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืœืึทื ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผื•ืจืขื ื™ื•ืช, ืคืจืฒึทื™ืข ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืœืขื•ืœื ื•ืขื“... ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ืžื™ื˜ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆืขืฉื˜ืขืจื•ื ื’ ื•ื•ืขื˜ 
ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื‘ืึทืฐืฒึทื–ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืฆื• ืคืึทืจืฉืงืœืึทืคืŸ, ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคืขื™ึดืง ื’ืขืžืึทื›ื˜ ืคึผืึทืจ ืื™ืจ ืคึผืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืื•ืœื” ื“ื•ืจืš ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืื•ืŸ 
ืœืฒึทื™ื“ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืš ืคื•ืŸ ืชึผืงื•ืคื•ืช ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคึฟืขื™ึดืง ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ! ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื”ืึทื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืกืฉื•ืœื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ืžื“ื‘ืจ 
ืคื•ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืฒึทื™ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขืœืฒึทื˜ืขืจื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ืจืขื ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื›ืขืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ, 
ื“ืขืจื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืจื™ื™ื ื™ืงื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ. ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืžืขืจ ืฆื• ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ืคึผืจืขื” ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคืึทืจืฉืงืœืึทืคืŸ, ืžื™ืจ ื•ืขืœืŸ 
ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื’ื•ื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืœืŸ ืžืขืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืื•ื™ืคื‘ื•ื™ืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผื™ืชื ืื•ืŸ ืจืขืžืกืก ืคืึทืจ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืกืคืึธื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉืงืœืึทืคึผืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ 
ืื•ื‘ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจืึทืŸ ื“ืึธ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื•ื•ืขืจ ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฅ ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื•ื™ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืก ืคื•ืœ ืืฒึทื™ื ืฉื˜ื™ืžื™ืง ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืš ื–ื™ึทื™ืŸ ื’ืึธื˜ ืฐืึธืก ื”ื•ื™ื–ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื’ืขื”ื™ื™ืžืข ื’ืขื”ื™ื™ืžืขื ื™ืฉืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืš ื“ื™ 


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ื“ื™ื ืกื˜ืข ืคืขื“ืขื ืฐืึธืก ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ืŸ ืื™ื ืฆื• ืื™ื ืื•ืŸ ืฆื• ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ืคืึทืจืžืขื’ื ืก, ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืึธืคืขื ื•ื ื’ ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืึธืœืŸ ื ืึธืš 
ืฐืึทืงืกืŸ -- ืื•ื™ื‘ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจืึทืŸ ื“ืึธ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืึทื–ืึท ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ-- ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืฉืขื™ื ืื™ื– ืขืจ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ื– ืขืจ 
ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืœื™ื™ื–ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื’ืื•ืœื” ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช, ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืจืึธื˜ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœื•ื™ื˜ืขืจืŸ ืคื™ึทื™ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืื•ืœืช- 
ืขื. ืžื™ืจ ื“ื™ ืฐืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืึธ ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืคืึทืจื‘ืจื™ื“ืขืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ื“ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฆืจื•ืช, ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ ื“ืขืจืงืขื ื˜, 
ื™ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ ื’ืขืงืขื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ืจืึทื ื’ืœืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœืข ืฉื•ื•ืขืจื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ, ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ 
ืื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ืงื˜, ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืฐื•ึผืกื˜ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื– ื–ื™! ืื•ืŸ ืึท ืฉื™ืžื—ื” ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืื•ืœื” ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจืึทืŸ ื ืึธืจ ื‘ืฒึท ื“ื™ ืฐืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ 
ื‘ืึทืฐื•ึผืกื˜ื–ื™ื ื™ืง. 

ืžื™ืจ ื“ื™ ืœืขืจืขืจ, ืžื™ืจ ื“ื™ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ึดืขืจ... ืขืœื˜ืขืจืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ! ื•ื•ืขืจ ื•ื™ ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ืึทื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืื•ื™ืกืฆื•ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ 
ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ, ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึทืจืฑืคืฆื•ึผืฐืึทืจืคืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื™ืึธืš ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทื ืขื ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ "ืชึผืœืžื™ื“ื™ื", ืžื™ืจ 
ืงื•ืžืขืŸ -- ืฆื• ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ, ืึธื ืฆื™ื™ื›ืขื ืขืŸ ืึท ืœื™ื ื™ืข, ืึธื ืžืขืจืงืŸ, ืฐืฒึทื–ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืชึผื•ืจื” -- ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื‘ืขืจื™ืงืข -- 
ื“ืขืจื’ืจื™ื™ืš ืึทืœื™ื™ืŸ, ืฉืคึผืึทืŸ ืคึผืึธืจืฑืก ื“ื• ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ืคืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืจื•ื ื˜, ื’ืขืคื™ืŸ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืขื ื•ื•ืขื’. ืึท ื’ื•ื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื’ ืื•ื™ื‘ 
ื“ื• ืึทืœื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืึธืกื˜ ืื™ื ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ -- ืื™ื– ื–ื™ื‘ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ื‘ืขืกืขืจ! ืžื™ืจ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื™ื•ื’ื ื˜ {ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ื—ืœื•ืžื•ืช, 
ื“ื™ ื—ืœื•ืžื•ืช ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืœืขื‘ื•ื ื’} ื•ื™ ืึท ืžืึทืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืฆื• ืึท ืคืจื•ื™ ืงื•ืžื˜, ืœืึธื–ื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื‘ืฉืึทืคื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื“ืขื 
ื•ื•ื™ื ืงืœ-ื˜ืจืึธืคึผืŸ, ื“ืขื ื˜ืจืึธืคึผืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื™ืกื•ื“ ืื•ืŸ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืึทืฐืขืง ื–ื™ืš, ื•ื™ ืขืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืึทืฐืขืงื’ืขื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ, ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจื˜ 
ื–ื™ืš ื ืึธืจ, ืฐื™ ืžืจื™ื ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื‘ืจืขื’ ื˜ืฒึทื™ืš, ืฆื• ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื’ืขืฉืขืŸ... ืžื™ืจ ื“ืขืจื•ื•ืฒึทื™ื˜ืขืจืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืขื˜ืฐืึธืก ืžื™ื˜ 
ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืฆื™ื˜ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฆืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื–ืึธืจื’... {ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื–ื•ื™ืžืขืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืคืึทืจืคืœืึทื ืฆื˜-- ืฆื™ ื•ื•ืขื˜ 
ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืฒื™ื’ืŸ? ืฆื™ ืฐื•ืขื˜ ืขืจ ืคืจื•ื›ืคึผืขืจื“ื™ืง ื–ืฒึทืŸ? ืฐืึทืงืกืŸ? ืฆื™ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืขืจ ืคืจื™ ืฆืฒึทื™ื˜ื™ืงืŸ... ืฐื™ ื’ืึธื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ, ื“ืขืจ ืฐืึธืก 
ืคืึทืจืคืœืึทื ืฆื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื™ืฆืจื™ื ืื•ืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ื™ืงืข ื›ึผื•ื—ื•ืช {ืฐืึธืก ืฐืึทืงืกืŸ} ืื•ืŸ ืฆืฒึทื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึทืœื™ื™ืŸ. ื’ืึธื˜ 
ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื‘ื™ื– ื’ืึธืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืื™ื, ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจืขืจ... ืžื™ืจ-- ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ืขื ื˜ืขืจ ืฆื•ื {ืฆืึทืจื˜ืŸ} ? ืงื™ื ื“.+ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ 
ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทืœื˜ื™ืงื˜ ื ืึธืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืึธืคึผื ืขื”ื™ื˜ืงืฒื˜ {ืœืึธืžื™ืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ! ื•ื™ ื’ืึธื˜ ื ืึธืขื ื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ื‘ื ื“ื™ืงืข, 
ืœื™ื‘ ื”ืึธื‘ื ื“ื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื ืึธืขื ื˜. ืœืึธืžื™ืจ ืฆื•ึผื•ื•ืึทืจืคืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื•ื’ื ื˜ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืคื•ื ืง, ืฐืขื˜ ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืึท ืคืœืึทื... ืื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืฆืจ ื ืึธืจ 
ืœืึธืžื™ืจ ืึทืจืฒึทื ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฅ -- ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื™ืฆืจื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื’ืขื‘ืจืึทื›ื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืžื•ื˜ืขืจืก ื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ ื“ื™ ืื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื’ื‘ืขื ืข... ืก'ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ืฒื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืฆืจ ื ืึธืจ ืฆื•ื’ืึธื‘ืŸ (ืฆื•ื ื™ืฆืจ} ื•ืขืœืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืื™ื ืฆื•ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ, ืฆื•ื ื™ืฆืจ- 
ื”ื˜ื•ื‘, ืขืจ ื–ืึธืœ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทืจืงื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ, ื–ืึธืœ ื“ื™ ืืฒื™ื‘ืขืจื”ืึทื ื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฆืึทืจื˜ืŸ ? ืงื™ื ื“ + ืก ื’ืฒึทืกื˜ (ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึทืœื™ืŸ.} 

ืึท ื’ืื•ืœื”-- ืื•ืŸ ืึท ื’ืจื•ืœื ืึทื›ื˜ ืื™ื– ืื•ื ื“ื– ื“ื™ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ื™ืงืข ื ืึทื›ื˜... ื“ืขืจ ืคืจื™ืœื™ื ื’-ื”ื™ืžืœ {ื“ืขืจ ืฐืฒึทื™ื˜ืขืจ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื˜} 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ืงืขืคึผ ืื•ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืึธืคึผื ืจื•ื ื˜ ืœื™ื’ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืฆื•ืคื•ืกื ืก... ื–ืขื˜: ื“ื™ ืคืึธืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ 
ื”ืึทื ื˜... ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืึธืก ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜-- ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืึท ืฆื•ื•ื™ืœื™ื ื’ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ื™ืงืข ื ืึทื›ื˜. ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืœื™ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ 
ื’ื•ืจืœ... ืžื™ืจ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจืŸ ืึธืคึผืขื ืขื ืงื‘ืจ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืึทืคืขืœืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืึธืœืง. ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ื’ืขื“ืึทื ืงืขืŸ, ื–ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ 
ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืคืึธืœืง, ืื™ืŸ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืŸ ื’ืœื•ืช ื–ืขื ืขืŸ {ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ื‘ืจื™ื“ืขืจ} ื›ึผืžืขื˜ ืึทืœืข ื“ืขืจื”ืจื’ืขื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ 
ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื‘ืึทืคึฟืฑืœืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ื•ื‘ืขืจื ื™ืข... ืึธื˜-- ืฆื™ ืงื•ืžื˜ (ืื™ืฆื˜} ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข 
ืจื™ื™? ืฆื™ ืงื•ืžื˜ ื–ื™ ื ื™ืฉื˜? ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืชึผืคื™ืœื” ื˜ืึธืŸ ืฆื•ื ื˜ื•ื˜ 2 ืขืจ ื–ืึธืœ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ +, ืžื™ืจ ืึธื‘ืขืจ -- ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜.., 
ื‘ืึทืฐื•ึผืกื˜ื–ื™ื ื™ืง 2 ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ + ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ื•ื™ื˜-- ืื•ืžื–ืขื‘ืึทืจืข ืคืขื“ืขื ืฆื™ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืœืขื‘ืŸ 
ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืขื ืข. ื’ื™ื™ืขืŸ ืึทืจืฑืก ื“ื™ ื˜ืจื•ื™ืžืขืŸ ืคืึทืจ ืื•ื™ืคืœืขื‘ื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืจืขื‘ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื• ืฉืึทืคึผืขืจื™ืฉืงืฒื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทืคืจืฒึทื•ื ื’ 
ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืึธืœืงืก ื’ืฒื™ืกื˜ {ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืึทื ืฆืขืจ} ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฅ ื‘ืฒึท ื“ื™ ืึทืฐื•ืขืงื’ืฒื™ืขื ื“ื™ืงืข ืฆื•ื ื”ืึทืจืฅ ืคื•ืŸ 
ืึธื ืงื•ืžืขื ื“ื™ืงืข. ื“ื™ ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ื‘ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืจืฒึทืกื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ! ืžื™ืจ ื–ืฒึทื™ื ืขืŸ ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืฉื˜ืึทืจื‘ืŸ... ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ ืืคื™ืœื• 
ืื•ื™ืš ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ื™ืงืข ื ืึทื›ื˜, ืื™ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืจื’ืข ืื•ื™ื‘ ืขืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื“ื™ ื”ืึทื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืจื•ืฆื— ืึธื ืงืœืึทืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื˜ื™ืจ. ืขืก 
ื’ืขืฉืขื˜ ืึทื– ื–ื™ื™ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ {,} ื“ืขืจ ืจื•ืฆื— ืื•ืŸ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื”ื ื‘ื™ื -- ... ืึทื–ืฑ ื–ืฉืข, ืžื™ืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜! ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ 
ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื˜ื•ื˜ -- ืฐืขืœืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืึทืคึผืขืœืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืคืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฆื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืคืึธืœืง ืฐื•ึผ ื ืึธืจ ื–ื™ ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš, 


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{ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ื–ืึธืœื˜ ืื™ืจ, ืื•ืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ืขืจ ื˜ืจื™ื™ืกื˜ ืฐืขืจืŸ:) ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืึทืคืจื•ื›ืคึผืขืจืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืžืขืจืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ 
ืื•ื™ืฃ ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื”ืฉื, ืื•ื™ืฃ ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื”ืขื, ื•ื™ ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืœืขื‘ืŸ... 

ืก'ื˜ื•ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืœื™ื™ื“ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื ืึทื›ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืžืฉื•ืžื“ื™ื ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ื‘ืฒึท ืฉืžืึทื“ืŸ ื–ื™ืš, ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืฐืึธืก 
ื‘ืœืึธื ื“ื–ืฉืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืคื™ืจืŸ ืื•ื™ืก ื˜ืขืžืคึผืงืฒื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขืคื™ืœ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืฒื™ืกื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืึธืจืขืžืงืฒื˜, ื“ื™ ืฐืึธืก ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื“ืึธ ื“ืขืจื”ืจื’ืขื˜ 
ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื•ืฐืขืจืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืึทืจืฒึทื ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื‘... ืึท ื‘ืจื•ื“ืขืจ-ืงื‘ืจ ืžื›ึผืœื•ืžืจืฉื˜ ื“ืขืจ 
ืงื‘ืจ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคึผืึทืจื‘ืจื™ื“ืขืจืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขืื™ื™ื ื™ืงื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ {ืฐื™ ืึท ืžืคึผื™ืœ-ืงื™ื ื“ ืึท 
ื‘ืึทื’ืจืึธื‘ืขื ืขืจ ื•ืขืœืŸ ื–ื™ ื–ืฒึทืŸ}. ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื“ืขืจื”ืจื’ืขื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื•ื™ ืžื™ืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืœืึธื–ืŸ 
ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ืื” ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื”ื•ื™ื–ื’ืขื–ื™ื ื“. ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื–ื™ื ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื—ืœืง ื ื™ืฉื˜, 
ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืฆื• ืคืึทืจื–ืึธื’ืŸ. ื•ื™ ืึทื–ื™ืชื•ืคืœ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™, ื•ื™ ื™ืขื ืข ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคืึทืจื“ื™ึทื™ื˜ืฉื˜ ืื•ืŸ 
ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืืฉื›ึผื ื–ื™ื, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ ืขืฆื”ืŸ, ืึทืŸ ืขืฆื” ืึท ืชึผืคืœื“ื™ืงืข ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ื’ื ืขืจื™ืฉ ื—ืกืจ- 
ื“ืขื”ื“ื™ืงืข -- ื˜ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ ื”ืขื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ื”ืึทื˜ืฉื™ืง, ื˜ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืŸ ืึท ืžืขืฉื‚ื”, ื ืขืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืึธืก ืœืขื‘ืŸ -- ืื•ืŸ ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืคืึทืจ 
ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ืื” ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ... ืก'ื™ื˜ื•ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืœื™ื™ื“ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ื™ื™, ื“ื™ ื›ึผื•ืกืข ื’ื™ืคื˜ ื˜ืจื™ื ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื•ื™ ืื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ 
ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื‘ืึทืคืขืœืŸ ื–ื™ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคืึทืจืŸ ื“ื•ืจ. 

ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื”ืขื›ืขืจ ืคืึทืจ ื–ื™ื™. ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืึธืžืขื ื˜ืŸ, ื‘ืขืช ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืึทืจืฑืคืฆื•ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืขืฉืึทืคึผืึธื˜, 
ืœืึธืžื™ืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฆื• ืขื ื™ื•ื•ืชื“ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ืœืึธืžื™ืจ ืขื“ื•ืช ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ื™ืš ืึทืœืฒืŸ: ืื•ื™ืš ืžื™ืจ, ืึทืคึผื™ืœื• ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ื ื™-ืœื•ื™ 
ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ, ื“ื™ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืคืจืฒึทื™ืขืŸ ืฉื‘ื˜ ื‘ืฒึทื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ, ืก'ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื‘ืึทืฐื•ึผืกื˜ื–ื™ื ื™ืง ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ืกื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืฉืึทืคึผืขืจื™ืฉืŸ 
ืคืึธืœืง, ืคืึทืจืฉืงืœืึทืคื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืฆื• ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืคึผืจืขื”, ื’ืขื ื™ื™ื˜ืข ืฉืงืœืึทืคึฟืŸ. ื’ืขืฆืฐื•ึผื ื’ืขื ืข ื“ื™ื ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื–ื™ื™, ื’ืขื ื™ื™ื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ 
ื“ื•ืจืš ื’ืฐืึทืœื“ ื‘ื•ื™ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื–ื™ ืฉืฒื™ืขืจืฉื˜ืขื˜, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืจืขืงืœืขื›ืข ื˜ื•ึผื•ื ื’, ืื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ 
ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ: ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึทืจืฒึทื ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืคืจืขืžื“ืŸ ืžื•ื™ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคืึทืจืžืฑืขืจื˜ ื•ื™ 
ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืจื™ืจื˜ืขืจ ืžื•ืœื™ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื™ื™ึธืื•ืฉ ื˜ื•ื˜ ื‘ืึทื“ืขืงืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ ืžื™ื˜ ื˜ื™ื ืง ื›ึผื“ื™ ืขืจ ื–ืึธืœ ื ื™ืฉื˜ 
ื”ืขืจืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื™ ืฐืึธืก ืจืฒึทืกื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึทืจืฑืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื”ืึธืœืฅ ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, ืึธื˜ ื˜ื™ื ืงืขื•ื•ืขื˜ ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ืงื™ื ื“-- ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืึทืจื“ืขืงื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื’ืœืฒื™ื›ื˜, ื’ืœืฒึทืš ื’ืขืžืึทื›ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืžื•ืœื™ืขืจ-ืฉืคึผืึทื›ื˜ืœ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืก. ืื•ื ื“ื– ืื•ื™ื‘ ืึท ืฆื™ื’ืœ 
ืคืขืœื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืื•ื™ืก ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื–ื™ืš ืึทืœื™ื™ืŸ ืึทืจืฒึทึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžืฑืขืจ, ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืงื™ื ื“ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขื–ืฉืึทืœืขืฐืขื˜, ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ 
ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื‘ืขืจื‘ืœื™ื™ื‘ืก ืึธืคึผื’ืขื”ื™ื˜. | 

ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื‘ืขืจื‘ืœืฒื™ื‘ืก! ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืฉืืจื™ืช- ? ื”ืคึผืœื™ื˜ื” +, ืืฒื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ืฉื‘ืช ืื™ื– ื–ื™, ืฆื™ ืฐืึธืœื˜ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืš 
ื›ึผื•ื—ื•ืช ืคืึทืจื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ืึทื”ืขืจ ืฆื• ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืžืกื™ื‘ื” ื“ื™ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ื™ืงืข ื ืึทื›ื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ืจื•ื™ืœื ื ืึทื›ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคืจื™ืœื™ื ื’ ืคึฟื•ืŸ 
ืฆืขืžื™ืฉื•ื ื’. ื“ื™ ืฉืืจื™ืช- ?ื”ืคึผืœื™ื˜ื”+ -- ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืฐืขืœืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื ืึธืš ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื˜ืฑื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ืžื™ืจ 
ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืขืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืงื•ืงืŸ ืื™ื ืึธืŸ ืึธืŸ ืžื•ืจื. 
{ื' ืœ!ืคืกื— ืชืฉ"ื‘. 


ืฆื• ืึทืจืฒึทื ืคื™ืจ 36 2 - 14/8 ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’ ืคื•ืŸ 
ืžืฒึทืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืง 


ื ืึธืš ื“ืขื ื•ื™ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืืฑืกื’ืึทื‘ืข ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืจื•ืง, ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจืฉื™ื ืขืŸ ืึทืŸ ืขื“ื™ืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืง 
ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ืคึผืึธืขืžืข, ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทื ื“ 218 ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืœืขื˜ืขืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข, ื–ื–' 13- 26, ืึทืจืฑืกื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ 
ืฐืึทืจืฉืข ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืŸ ืื™ื ืกื˜ื™ื˜ื•ื˜. ื“ื™ ืขื“ื™ืฆื™ืข-ืคึผืจื™ื ืฆื™ืคึผืŸ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ืืฑืกื’ืึทื‘ืข ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ 
ืขื ื“ื’ื™ืœื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ื ื•ืกื— ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื•ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืžื™ืจ ื“ืจื•ืงืŸ ื“ืึธ ื“ืขื ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก 


741 


ืคึผืึธืขืžืข. ืžื™ืจ ืคืึทืจืฆื™ื™ื›ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ืึธ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ, ื“ื™ ืขื™ืงืจ-ื“ื™ืคืขืจืขื ืฆืŸ: 

(1) ื“ืขืจ ืขื ื“ื’ื™ืœื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ืืฑืกื’ืึทื›ืข ืื™ื–, ืœื•ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืึทืจืฑืกื’ืขื‘ืขืจ, ืจืขืงืึธื ืกื˜ืจื•ื™ึธืจื˜ 
ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืคึผืจื™ื ืฆื™ืคึผื™ืขืœ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืกืžืš ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืข ื“ืจื™ึทื™ ืฐืึทืจื™ืึทื ื˜ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ืึทืงืึทื ื˜-- ื“ืขืจ ืงื•ืจืฆืขืจ ื ื•ืกื—, ื“ืขืจ 
ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ-ื ื•ืกื— ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืœืึทื ื’ืขืจ ื ื•ืกื—, ืฉื˜ื™ืฆื ืฆื™ื“ืง ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืœืึทื ื’ืŸ ื ื•ืกื—. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึทืงื˜ื™ืง ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจื–ืขืŸ 
ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืข ืฆื•ื’ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืชึผื™ืงื•ื ื™ื ืฐืึธืก ืฐืึธืœื˜ืŸ ื’ืขืงืขื ื˜ ื’ืขืžืึทื›ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ืœืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข 
ืฐืึทืจื™ืึทื ื˜ืŸ. 

(2) ื’ืจืึทืคื™ืฉ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ืืฑืกื’ืึทื‘ืข, ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื•ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืงื•ืจืฆืŸ ื ื•ืกื—: ืื™ื™ืŸ 
ื›ึผืกื“ืจื“ื™ืงืขืจ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืึธืŸ ืกื˜ืจืึธืคืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื•ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืœืึทื ื’ืŸ ื ื•ืกื—: ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™-ืฉื•ืจื”ื“ื™ืงืข ืกื˜ืจืึธืคืขืก ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืœื™ื™ื“ื™ืงืขืจ 
ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืœื™ื ื™ืข ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื–ื™ื™. 

(3) ืื™ืŸ ืขื ื“ื’ื™ืœื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ืืฑืกื’ืึทื‘ืข ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืฆื•ื ืœืึทื ื’ืŸ ื ื•ืกื— 
(=476 ืฉื•ืจื•ืช) ื ืึธืจ ื ืึธืš ืคื™ืจ ืฉื•ืจื•ืช (ืึท ืฆื•ื’ืึธื‘ ื‘ื›"ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืขืŸ) ืฐืึธืก ืคื™ื’ื•ืจื™ืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืขื ืข ื˜ืขืงืกื˜-ืคืจืึทื’ืžืขื ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ-ื ื•ืกื—. ื“ืขืจ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื ื•ืกื— ื”ืึธื˜ ืึทื–ืฑ ืึทืจื•ื 480 ืฉื•ืจื•ืช. 
ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืึทื‘ืข ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึทืจื™ื™ื ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ 24 ืฉื•ืจื•ืช (ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ืื™ื™ื’ื ื”ืึทื ื˜ื™ืงืข 
ื“ืขืจื’ืึทื ืฆื•ื ื’ืขืŸ) ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืžืœื›ืชึผื—ื™ืœื” ืื•ื™ืš ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึทืจืฒึทื ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœืึทื ื’ืŸ ื ื•ืกื—, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืึท 
ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ืฒื˜ืฒืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืขื ืข 58 ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ-ื ื•ืกื—, ืžื™ื˜ื™.ืง'ืก ื”ืึทื ื˜ืฉืจื™ืคื˜. 

(4) ื“ื™ ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ื•ืึทืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืขื ื“ื’ื™ืœื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืึทื‘ืข ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึธืคึผื’ืขื”ื™ื˜ ื•ื™ ื–ื™ ืื™ื– 
ืื™ืŸ ืึธืจื™ื’ื™ื ืึทืœ, ื–ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืงืึธืจืขื’ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉื˜ ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืึธืคื˜. 


(1ื') ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืžื™ืจ ื“ืจื•ืงืŸ ื“ืึธ, ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืืฑืกื’ืึทื‘ืข, ืฉื˜ื™ืฆื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคึผืจื™ื ืฆื™ืคึผื™ืขืœ ืื•ื™ืกืฉืœื™ืกืœืขืš 
ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืœืึทื ื’ืŸ ื ื•ืกื—, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืึทื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืŸ ืคืึทืจืŸ, ื‘ื™ื– ืื™ืฆื˜ ื‘ืึทืงืื ื˜ืŸ, ืœืขืฆื˜ืŸ ื ื•ืกื—. ื ืึธืจ ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ื“ืขื ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืขืžืข ืฐืฒึทื›ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืึธืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืจื™ื ืฆื™ืคึผ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืจื•ืงืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ื˜ ื”ืึทื ื˜ืฉืจื™ืคื˜ืœืขื›ืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืึธื‘ (ืื™ืŸ 
ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ-ื ื•ืกื—): 14/8-42. ืื™ืŸ ืœืึทื ื’ืŸ ื ื•ืกื— ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืึทื ืฉื˜ืึธื˜: "42" -- ืคืึทืจืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ: "ื“ืขืจ". ื“ืึธืก ื–ืขื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ืฆื• ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ืึท ื˜ืขื•ืช. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึทืงื˜ื™ืง ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข ืฐืึทืจื™ืึทื ื˜ืŸ ืึทืจืฑืกื’ืขื”ืึธืœืคืŸ ื‘ืฒึทื ืงืึธืจืขื’ื™ืจืŸ ืงืึธื ื˜ื™ืงืข ื’ืจืฒึทื–ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจืฉืจืฒื™ื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืœืึทื ื’ืŸ ื ื•ืกื—. 

(2ื') ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื“ืึธ ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ืฉื•ืจื”ื“ื™ืงืข ืกื˜ืจืึธืคืขืก -- ื•ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืœืึทื ื’ืŸ ื ื•ืกื—; ื“ืึธืก ืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜ 
ืื•ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื”ืึทื ื˜ืฉืจื™ืคื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืฆื•ื’ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ-ื ื•ืกื—, ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืก'ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ื“ืึธืก ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœืข 
ืฆื•ื’ืึธื‘ืŸ -- ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืžืึทื ื’ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืึธืจื˜ ื‘ืฒึท ื“ื™ ืจืึทื ื“ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืฐื•ึผ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื’ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ. 

(ื‘ื') ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืื•ืกื’ืึทื›ืข ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืจืึทื›ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฆื•ื”ืึทื ื’ ืึทืœืข ื”ืึทื ื˜ืฉืจื™ืคื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืฆื•ื’ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื™ืฆื—ืง 
ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึทืจืฒึทื ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ-ื ื•ืกื— ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจื“ื™ืงืŸ ืœืึทื ื’ืŸ 
ื ื•ืกื—. ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืึทืจืฒึทื ืคึฟื™ืจ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ืืฑืกื’ืึทื‘ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืขืžืข ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืึทื– ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ-ื ื•ืกื— (ื“ืขืจ 
"ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ืฐืึทืจื™ืึทื ื˜", ืœื•ื˜ ื—ื™ื™ื ืคึผืขืกืขืก ื“ืขื ืžื—ื‘ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืจืฒึทื ืคื™ืจ) ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืคึผื’ืขื”ื™ื˜ ื ืึธืจ ืคืจืึทื’ืžืขื ื˜ืึทืจื™ืฉ: 
ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ื–ืฒื™ื˜, ื–ืฒึทื˜ ื ื•ืžืขืจ 5 ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืฆืขืฉืขื“ื™ืงื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืึท ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืœืขืฆื˜ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜. ืœืฑื˜ืŸ ืœืึทื ื’ืŸ ื ื•ืกื— 
ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืึทื– ืึท ื—ื•ืฅ ื“ื™ 58 ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืฆื•ื’ืึธื‘ืŸ ื‘ื›"ื™ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ-ื ื•ืกื—, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ 4 
ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืฆื•ื’ืึธื‘ืŸ ื‘ื›"ื™ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืœืขืฆื˜ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜ (ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืคื™ืจ ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื™ืึธ ืึทืจืฒึทึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื ื•ืกื—) -- ื–ืขื ืขืŸ 
ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึทื ืขืŸ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ-ื ื•ืกื— ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ืึธืš ื”ืึทื ื˜ืฉืจื™ืคื˜ืœืขื›ืขืจ ืฆื•ื’ืึธื‘ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœืึทื ื’ืŸ ื ื•ืกื— 
ืื•ืŸ ืึทื–ืฑ ืึทืจื•ื ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ื•ื™ ืึท ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืขื ื“ื’ื™ืœื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึธืขืžืข. 

(4ื') ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืืฑืกื’ืึทื‘ืข ืื™ื– ืึธืคึผื’ืขื”ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ื•ืึทืฆื™ืข, ื•ื™ ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ืœืึทื ื’ืŸ ื ื•ืกื— ืึธืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื 
ื‘ื›ึผื™ื•ื•ื ื“ื™ืงืข ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืงืข ืคืึทืจื‘ืขืกืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ. 


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ืึท ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื•ื ื’ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืฆืึธืœ ืฐืึทืจื™ืึทื ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืขืžืข, ืฐืึธืก ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืŸ 
ืื™ื ืกื˜ื™ื˜ื•ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข: ืขืก ื“ืึทืจืฃ ื“ืึธ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืึทื– ื‘ืขืช ื‘. ืžืึทืจืง ืจืขื“ื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ 4 ืฐืึทืจื™ืึทื ื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ 
ืึธื ื’ืขืฐื•ื™ื–ืŸ ื ืึธืจ ื“ืจืฒึทื™ ืกืฒึทื™ ืื™ืŸ ืึทืจืฒึทื ืคื™ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื ืคึผืขืกืขืก ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ืืฑืกื’ืึทื‘ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืขืžืข, ืื•ืŸ 
ืกืฒึทื™ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืึธืงื•ืžืขื ื˜ืึทืจืŸ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืจื•ื˜ืข ืกืึทืงืึธื•ืฐืกืงืึท (ืคึผื•ืคึผืก) 26410) ื”ืžืฐืฐ/ื˜21086 ืžื–ื˜ื˜ื•ืžืกื–ื’, 
2 ,1980 252464ืฉื˜ .1943 ืž26ืกืฅ)8 -- 1942 ืกืกื•ืงื’ 1 ,52208416ื–ื’ืขื˜. ื ืึธืจ ื‘ืขืจ ืžืึทืจืง ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ 
ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ื•ืš, ืึท ื ื•ืกื– ืžื™ื˜ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ืคื•ืœืขืจ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืฉืจื™ืคื˜, ืขืก ืงืขืŸ ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืฒึท ืื™ื ืึท 
ืคึผืฉื•ื˜ืขืจ ื˜ืขื•ืช ื‘ืฒึทื ืื™ื‘ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœืŸ ื“ื™ ืฐื•ืึทืจื™ืึทื ื˜ืŸ. | 

ืึท ืคืึทืจื’ืœืฒึทื™ืš ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืงื•ืจืฆืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืœืึทื ื’ืŸ ื ื•ืกื— ื‘ืึทืฐืฒึทื–ื˜, ืึทื– ื“ืขืจ ืœืึทื ื’ืขืจ ื ื•ืกื— ืื™ื– ืึท ื’ืจื•ื ื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื‘ืึทืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ื•ื ื’ 
ืคื•ืŸ ืึธืจื™ื’ื™ื ืึทืœืŸ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜. ืขืจ ืึทื ื˜ื”ืึทืœื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ืึธืจ ืฆืขื ื“ืœื™ืงืขืจ ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืขื ืข ื ืฒึทืข ืฉื•ืจื•ืช, ื ืึธืจ ืื•ื™ืš ืœืขืงืกื™ืงืึทืœืข 
ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื, ืชึผื™ืงื•ื ื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื–ืึธื“ื™ืฉืŸ ื›ืึทืจืึทืงื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืกื™ื˜ื ื˜ืึทืงื˜ื™ืฉืข ืื•ื™ืกื‘ืขืกืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื•ื™ ืื•ื™ืš ืึธืŸ ืึท ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ 
ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ื•ืึทืฆื™ืข-ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื. ื“ืึธ ื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ, ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื”ืึทื ื’, ื™ืขื ืข ืฆื•ื’ืึธื‘-ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ-ื ื•ืกื— ืฐืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ 
ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึธืคึผื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœืึทื ื’ืŸ ื ื•ืกื—, ื•ื™ ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ื ื™ืงืข ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทื“ืฒึทื˜ื ื“ื™ืงืขืจืข ืชึผื™ืงื•ื ื™ื ืฐืึธืก 
ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ ื”ืึทื˜ ืึทืจืฒึทื ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ื‘ื™ื™ื ื‘ืึทืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืึท ืคืจื™ื™ืขืจื“ื™ืงืŸ ื ื•ืกื—. 


ืฆื•ื’ืึธื‘-ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืื•ืŸ ืฉื•ืจื•ืช-ืฐืึทืจื™ืึทื ื˜ืŸ; 
ื–' 711: {ื ืึธืš ื“ืขืจ ืกื˜ืจืึธืคืข ืฐืึธืก ืคืึทืจืขื ื“ื™ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ: "ืึท ื‘ืจืึธืš"}: 
ืฆื•ื ืื•ืžืฉืœืึทื’ ืฆื•ื ืื•ืžืฉืœืึทื’, ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทื’ืึธืŸ-- 
! ืฐืึธืก ื•ื•ื™ืœืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืฒื™ื˜ืฉืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืœืข ืืฒึทืš ื˜ืึธืŸ? 
ื–' 712: {ื ืึธืš ื“ืขืจ ืกื˜ืจืึธืคืข ืฐืึธืก ืคืึทืจืขื ื“ื™ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ: "ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืฒื™ื˜ืฉ"ืŸ: 
ื“ื™ืš ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื–ื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืึท ืฐืึธืœืคื™ื›ืข ืฉืœืขื›ื˜, 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ื• ื“ืขื {ื’ืขืจืžื–ืึทื ืขืจ, ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจืŸ ืงื ืขื›ื˜, 


ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืžืึทืžืข {, ื“ื™ ื•ื™ืœ}ื“ ื–ื™ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ืจ 
{ืื•ืŸ ื“ื•, ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉ ืคื•ืŸ 


ืฐืึธืก ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ืึทืœืฅ {ืขืจื’ืขืจ ืจืฒึทืŸ!ืŸ 
ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืขืจื’ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ {ื“ืฒึทื™ื˜ืฉืŸ}, ื“ืึธืก ืฐืขื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ! 


ืฉื˜ื™ื™ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืจื•ื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ืงื‘ืจ, ืงื•ืง ืึธืŸ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืฐืึทืกืึทืœ 
ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืŸ, ื•ื•ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ื™ื˜ืขืจืข ื˜ืจืขืจืŸ ื•ื™ ื’ืึทืœ - 


ื–ื™ 712: {ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืึธืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื•ืจื” "ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ... ื ืึธืจ ื“ื• ื•ื•ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึทื“ืึธื ืข ื ืึธืจ, ื“ื•", ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ: 
ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ {.} ื“ื• ื—ื ื”ืœืข, ืื™ื™ื ืข ื ืึธืจ ื“ื• 

ื–ื™ 712: ื•ึทื ืึธืš ื“ืขืจ ืฉื•ืจื” "ื“ื• ืงื•ืง ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ืึธืŸ ืžื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขืกืขืจ, ื•ื•ื™ื™ืŸ... " ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ"ื ื•ืกื— 12 
ืฉื•ืจื•ืช, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืœืึทื ื’ืŸ ื ื•ืกื— ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึทืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจ ืึธืจื˜. ื“ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื•ืจื•ืช, ืคื•ืŸ "ืื™ืจ 
ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ื ื™ื˜, ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืื›ื–ืจื™ื•ืช ื’ืขืฉืœืขืคึผื˜" ื‘ื™ื– "ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ืžื™ืš ื’ืขืœืขืจื ื˜... ืฐื•ึผ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ ืขืก, ื•ื•ึผ?", 
ืื™ืŸ ืœืึทื ื’ืŸ ื ื•ืกื— ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ื ืึธืš ื“ืขืจ ืกื˜ืจืึธืคืข ืฐืึธืก ืคืึทืจืขื ื“ื™ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจืŸ: "ืื•ืŸ 
ืื™ืจ, ื‘ืฒึท ื“ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜ ืื™ืจ! ืฐื•ึผ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ ืขืก, ืฐื•ึผ?" ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ื™ 714; 
(ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืึธืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื•ืจื” "ืึธ ื’ืฒ ื ื™ื˜ ืึทืฐืขืง ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื‘ื ืฆื™ืงืœ! ื•ื•ืขืจ"}: 
ืึธ ื’ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ืึทืฐืขืง ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื‘ื ืฆื™ืง, ื–ืึธื’ ื•ื•ืขืจ 


7243 


ื–ื™ 713: 


ื– 713: 


(ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืึธืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื•ืจื” "ื‘ืฒื™ื ืฆื™ื™ื›'ื ืขืŸ ืึท ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทืœื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื™ื™ึดื“"ืŸ: 

ื‘ื™ึทื™ื ืžืึธืœืŸ ืึท ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทืœื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื™ื™ื“ 

ื•ื ืึธืš ื“ื™ 12 ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืฐืึธืก ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ-ื ื•ืกื— ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœืึทื ื’ืŸ ื ื•ืกื— ืื•ื™ืฃ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ืขืจื˜ืขืจ, 
ื’ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ ื ืึธืš 14 ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืฐืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœืึทื ื’ืŸ ื ื•ืกื— ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคืึทืจืึทืŸ}: 


ื™ืึธืžืขืง, ืขืœืฃ-ื™ืขืจื™ืงืขืจ ืžืฒึทื ืขืจืŸ,} ืžืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืจื™ื™ืกื˜ 
ื“ื• ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ, ื“ื• ื’ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืึทื–ืฑ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ื“ื• ื’ื™ื™ืกื˜ 


ื•ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืฉืœืขืคึผื˜ืขืจืŸ,} ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจืขืจ ื’ืึทื ื’ 
ืขืก ืคืึทืœื˜ ื“ื™ืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืืฒึทืŸ, ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ืขืจ ื’ืขื“ืึทื ืง {...ืŸ 


(ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ื’ื•ื˜ ื™ืึธืžืขืง, ืžืฒึทื™ืŸ ืงืœื™ื™ื ื™ื ืงืขืจ, ื™ืึธืžืขืงืœ ืงืœื™ื™ืŸืŸ 
{ื’}ืจื•ื™ืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ืฒึทืŸ {ื’ื•ื˜ืกืงื™ื™ื˜ ื“ื• ื’ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืึทืœืฒืŸืŸ 


ื ื’ื–ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื™ื™ึดื“ืขืœืข ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืคึผื ื™ื ืื™ื– 
ืขืคึผืขืก ื ืึธืš ื“ืึธ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืขืœืข ื–ื™ืก 


ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืขืœืข ืงื•ื™ื ืงื•ื™ื ื’ืขืžื™ืฉื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืฉืจืขืง - 
ื“ื• ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜, ืึธ ื“ื• ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื•ึทืฐื•ึผืŸ ืžืขืŸ ืคื™ืจื˜ ืืฒึทื™ืš ืึทืฐืขืง 


ื“ื• ื•ื•ื™ืœืกื˜ ื ืึธืจ ืคึผืึทืจื”ื™ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ (ื–ื™ื™{} ืื•ืŸ ื“ื• ื’ื™ื™ืกื˜ 
ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœ, (ื“ืฒึทืŸ) ื’ื•ื˜ื™ื ืงืขืจ. ื“ื•, ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ 


ืื•ืŸ ื•ืฉื˜ืจืขืงืกื˜ ืื™ืจ} ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืžืึทืžืข ื“ืฒึทืŸ (ืฆืึทืจื˜ืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜ - 
ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืกื˜ ื—ื ื” - ื“ื™ ืืฑื’ืŸ ืฆื•ื ื”ื™ืžืœ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื ื“ื˜... 


ื•ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืึธืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืฉื•ืจื•ืช "ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืš ื ื™ื˜ ืขืจ, ื“ืขืจ ืฐืึธืก ื–ื™ืฆื˜ ื“ืึธ ื‘ื™ ืžื™ืจ-- /ื‘ืึทืœื“ -- ื‘ืึทืœื“ 
ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื ื™ื˜, ื‘ื™ึทื™ื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ, ื‘ื™ึทื™ื ืจื™ืจ..."ืŸ: 

ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืš ื ื™ื˜ ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ืฐืึธืก ื–ื™ืฆื˜ ื“ืึธ ืžื™ื˜ ืžื™ืจ 

ื‘ืึทืœื“, ื‘ืึทืœื“ ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื ื™ื˜, ื‘ืฒึทื ืงืœืขื ืกื˜ืŸ, ื‘ืฒึทื ืจื™ืจ-- 


ืฆื•ื’ืึธื‘ืŸ (ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ-ื ื•ืกื— ืžืŸ-ื”ืกืชึผื), ืฐืึธืก ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืœืึทื ื’ืŸ ื ื•ืกื— ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืงื•ืจืฆืŸ, ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ื™ 
ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ืฒึทื˜ืŸ: 


ื–ื™ 717: 
ืฑ 118: 
ื–' 722: 
ื–ื™ 730: 


ืคื•ืŸ "ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ืœื™ืงืขืจ ืžืึทืžืขืŸ" ื‘ื™ื– "ืœืžืึทื™ {2 ืฉื•ืจื•ืชืŸ 

ืคื•ืŸ "ืื•ืŸ ื–ืึธื’ื ื“ื™ืง ื“ืึธืก" ื‘ื™ื– "ื‘ืึทื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืขืจ" 21 ืฉื•ืจื•ืชืŸ 

ืคื•ืŸ "ื ื™ื˜ ื ืึธืจ ืึท ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืœื™ืง" ื‘ื™ื– "ืจื•ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ืคืจืฒื™..." 61 ืฉื•ืจื•ืชืŸ. 
ื•ื ืึธืš ื“ืขืจ ืฉื•ืจื” "ื—ืจื•ื‘ ื“ื™ ื”ืฒึทื™ื–ืขืจ, ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืžืขืŸ ืคืึทืจื•ื•ื™ืกื˜"ืŸ: 


744 


ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืฒึทื›ืขืจ, ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื“ ื ืึธืš 
ื’ืขื˜ื•ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืžืึทืžืขืก ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืžืขืกืขืจืฉื˜ืึธืš, 


ื’ืขืฉืึธืกืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื ืงืขืœืข ื–ื™ื™ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืฉื˜ื™ืฃ 
ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ืฉืขืœืขืš ื˜ื™ืฃ. 


ื›ืึทืจืึทืงื˜ืขืจื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืข ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทื“ืฒึทื˜ื ื“ื™ืงืกื˜ืข ื˜ืขืงืกื˜-ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืงื•ืจืฆืŸ(= ืง"ืŸ) ืื•ืŸ ืœืึทื ื’ืŸ ื ื•ืกื—(= ืœ"ืŸ): 


ื– 


;:11 


14 


|"ืŸ: ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ืื•ืกื˜ืŸ ืคืึธืœืง -- , ืึธ ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืฐื•ึผ ืึทื”ื™ืŸ? 
ืœ"ืŸ: ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ืื•ืกื˜ืŸ ืคืึธืœืง... ืึธ ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืฐื•ึผื”ื™ืŸ 
|"ืŸ: ื‘ืฒึท ื™ืึธืžืขืงืŸ ืื™ื– ื–ื™, ืื™ืŸ ื™ืึธืžืขืงืก ื’ืขืžื™ื˜-- /ื ืขืžื˜ ื™ืึธืžืขืงืŸ, ื ืขืžื˜ ืื™ื ืึทืจืฒึทื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜! 
ืœ"ืŸ: ื‘ืฒึท ื™ืึธืžืขืœืขืŸ ืื™ื– ื–ื™! ืื™ืŸ ื™ืึธืžืขืงืก ื’ืขืžื™ื˜-- /ื ืขืžื˜ ื™ืึธืžืขืœืขืŸ, ื ืขืžื˜ ืื™ื ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜! 


5 ืงืŸ: ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืก'ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืึทื–ืฑ ืฉื ืขืœ, ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ื•ืžืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฉืขืŸ -- 


:17 


ืœ"ืŸ: ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืก'ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืึทื–ืฑ ืฉื ืขืœ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขืืฒึทืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฉืขืŸ-- 

ืง"ืŸ: ื’ืขืฉืžื™ืกืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ื•ืจืœ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืึท ื‘ืฒึทื˜ืฉ - 

ืœ"ืŸ: ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื”ืฒื™ืœื™ืงืขืจ ืžืึทืžืขืŸ, ื–ื™ ื“ืจืฒึท,/ืœืžืึทื™ ื–ืึธืœืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื’ืขืฉืžื™ืกืŸ, ืœืžืึทื™/ืคื•ื ืขื ืื›ื–ืจ, ืคื•ืŸ ื’ื•ืจืœ 
ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืึท ื‘ืฒึทื˜ืฉ? 


9 ืง"ืŸ: ืื™ืจ ื—ืœื•ืžื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืขืช ืื™ืš ืฉืœืึธืฃ, ื‘ืขืช ืื™ืš ืฐืึทืš โ€ - 


:21 


:1 


:22 


123 


127 


ืœ"ืŸ: ืื™ืš ื–ืข ืืฒึทื™ืš, ืื™ืš ื–ืข ื‘ึฐืขืช ืื™ืš ืฉืœืึธืฃ ื‘ืขืช ืื™ืš ืฐืึทืš 
|"ืŸ: ืคืึทืจื•ื™ืฉื˜ ืขืก ืžืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืจืขืจ ืื•ื™ืš |?} ืžืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืจืขืจ ืžืึทื›ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืœื™ื ื“, 
ืœ"ืŸ: ืคืึทืจื•ื•ื™ืฉื˜ ืขืก ืžืฒึทื™ืŸ ื˜ืจืขืจ ืืฒึทื™ืš, ืžืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืจืขืจ ืžืึทื›ื˜ ืžื™ืš ื‘ืœื™ื ื“.., 
"ืŸ: ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืง ื’ืขืฉืขืŸ... 
ืœ"ืŸ: ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื™ืš ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืง ื’ืขืฉืขืŸ.... 
ืง"ืŸ: ื–ืขืฆื˜ ืขืจ ืžื™ืจ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืึทืงืกืœ {ืื•ืŸืŸ ืœืฒึทื›ื˜ - 
ืœ"ืŸ: ื–ืขืฆื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืึทืงืกืœ ืื•ืŸ ืœืฒึทื›ื˜... 
|"ืŸ: ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื–ืŸ ืจื•ื™ึดืง, ื‘ืึทืฉืœืึธืกืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืจืฒึทื™ืกื˜ - 
ืœ"ืŸ: ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึทื–ืฑ ืจื•ื™ึดืง, ื‘ืึทืฉืœืึธืกืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืจืฒึทืกื˜ - 
ืง"ืŸ: ืึท ืงื•ืง ื˜ืึธืŸ ืึท ืœืฒึทื›ื˜ืขืจ, ืึท ืœืฒึทื›ื˜ืขืจ ืึท ื‘ืœื™ืง 
ืœ"ืŸ: ืึท ืงื•ืง ื˜ืึธืŸ ืึท ืœืขืฆื˜ืขืจ, ืึท ืœืขืฆื˜ืขืจ ืึท ื‘ืœื™ืง 
ืง"ืŸ: ืฉื™ืกื˜ ื–ื•ื“ื™ืงืขืจ, ืฉืึทืจืคืขืจ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืฐื•ึผ ืžืขืŸ ื‘ืึทื“ืึทืจืฃ, 
ื•ื™ ืึท ืจืขืฐืึธืœืฐืขืจ-ืงื•ื™ืœ ืึท ื“ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฉืึทืจืฃ. 
ืœ"ืŸ: ืฉื™ืกื˜ ื“ื™ืงืขืจ, ืฉืึทืจืคืขืจ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืฐื•ึผ ืžืขืŸ ื‘ืึทื“ืึทืจืฃ, 
ืžืขืจ ืฐื™ ืึท ืคึผื™ืกื˜ืฑืœืงืฑืœ ืื™ ื–ื•ื“ื™ืง ืื™ ืฉืึทืจืฃ. 
ืง"ืŸ: ืขืก ืคืจืขื’ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืŸ-ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ืžื™ื ืงืข ืื•ื™ืš! 
ืœ"ืŸ; ืขืก ืคืจืขื’ื˜ ืžื™ืš ื‘ืŸ-ืฆื™ื•ืŸ, ื‘ื ื™ืžื™ืŸ, -- ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืš! 


0 ืง"ืŸ: ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื‘ ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืคื•ืก -- ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ ืžื™ื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื–ื™ืŸ, 


ืœ"ืŸ: ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื‘ ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืคื•ืก, ืึทืš, ืื™ืš ืฐื™ืœ ืžื™ื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื–ื™ืŸ, 


25 


ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ืง'ืก ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ืŸ -- (ืึทื ื™ืฉื˜ ืื™ื“ืขื ื˜ื™ืคื™ืฆื™ืจื˜ืขืจ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ึดืฉืขืจ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜) 


ืง ืชืืžื™ื ื•+ ื‘ืืชื ื”ื•ื™ ื‘ืŸื ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืžืžื•ืŸ 
: 4 ืืœ ื“ืœืช ื”ืขื, ืืœ ื”ื”ืžื•ืŸ 
ื‘ืžืœื™ืฆื” ื ื‘ื•ื‘ื” ื•ืžืฉึทืงืจืฑื™ื}-- 
ื”ึฒืขึตื™ื ึดื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ืชื ืงืจื•? 


2 ืœื‘ืœื™ ืžืขื•ืฃ, ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ 

ื‘ืืชื ืžืžื–ืจื™ื ื•ืืœ ื–ืจื™ื 6 
ืืชื ืฉื›ื—ื™ ื’ื™ืœ, ืฉื›ื—ื™ ืื”ื‘ื” 
ืœื ืชืื”ื‘ 

ืœื ื’ื™ืœ ื•ืœื ืื”ื‘ื” 


ืงืœื ื‘ืืชื 

ืžืงื•ืฆืฆื™ ื›ื ืฃ = 

ืžื—ื•ืกืจื™ ื›ื ืคื™ื ? ืขึฒื•ืœื™ื + {ื ื•ืขืœื™ื} 
ืžืจื˜ืชื ื›ื ืคื™ ื’ื•ื–ืœื™ื - 

ืœื ื›ืžื•ื ื•: 


ืื—ื™ื {ื ื–ืคื•ืœื™ื 

1 ื• 
ื•ื‘ื›ื•ืช ืขื ื•ืชื ื• 7 4 ืขืœ ืขืคืจ 
ืชืงื•ืชื›ื ืื ื ืฉืืจื” ืžืขืœ= = 


2 ืชื ืงืจื• 6 


ื•ืื ื ืฉืืจื•, ื‘ื ื™ ื‘ืœื™ืขืœ 

ื›ืœ ืชืงื•ึนืชื™ื›ื ืคื” ืžืขืœ 

? "ืฉื‘ื• (ื“ื } ืขืœ ื”ื“ื {ื”ื™ื“ืžื•ืŸ 
ืชืงื•ื” ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืืœ ืชืกืคื•: 


ื”ื• ื˜ืžืื™ื} ืชืจื”ื‘ื• ?ื˜ืžืื™ื + ืœื’ืฉืช 

ืงืืœ ืชืกืคื• = 

ืงื•ืขื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืžื›ื ืืœ ืชืชื—ืจื•= 

ืœืืœ 0 ืœื’ื—ืœืช ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ?ืืœ ืชื›ื‘ื•= {ืœื ืœื•ื—ืฉืช) 


ื™.ืง. -ืึทืจื›ื™ื• -- ื‘ื™ืช ืœื•ื—ืžื™ ื”ื’ื™ื˜ืื•ืช -- 1034/ื–ื 


46 





ืึท ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉืขืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืื™ื“ืขื ื˜ื™ืคื™ืฆื™ืจื˜ืขืจ ื›ืชื‘-ื™ื“ 


ืฐืึธืงืึทื‘ื•ืœืึทืจ 


ืึธืึทื–ืŸ: ืึธืึทื–ื™ืกืŸ. 
ืึทื‘ืขืจื’ืœืฑื‘ืขืจ: ื’ืœืฒื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืกื’ื•ืœื•ืช ืื•ืŸ ื–ืึทื‘ืึธื‘ืึธื ืขืก. 


ืึทื’ืึทืžืขืžื ืึธืŸ (ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ืงืขื ืข): ืึท ื‘ืฉื‚ืจ-ื•ื“ื, ืึท ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจ. ื“ืขืจ ืžืœืš ืคื•ืŸ 
ืžื™ืงืขื ืข. ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ืจื™ื›ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืžืœื—ืžื” 
ืžื™ื˜ ื˜ืจืึธื™ืข, 


ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื“ืจื™ืœืขื•ื•ืขื˜ืข: ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืœืขื›ืขืจื˜ืข. 
ืืฑืกื’ืขืฉืึธื˜ืŸ (ื–ืฒึทืŸ): ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึท ื”ืฑื˜ืงืจืึทื ืงืฒื˜; ืฆืจืขืช. 


ืื•ื™ืคืฆื™ืฉืŸ: ืคึฟืึทืจื’ืœืฒึทืš ืฆื™ืฉ(ืข)ืŸ. ืคึผืœื•ืฆืœื™ื ื’ ื˜ืึธืŸ ืึท ืฆื™ืฉืข ืฐื™ ืึท 
ืฉืœืึทื ื’ (ืึธื ืึธืžืึทื˜ืึธืคึผืฒื™ึดืฉ). 


ืื•ื™ืคืฉื˜ื™ื™ื’ืœื™ื“: ืฉื™ืจ-ื”ืžืขืœื•ืช. 


ืืฑืจืขืึธืœืข: ืื•ื™ืจืข, ืึทื˜ืžืึธืกืคืขืจ ืฐืึธืก ืœืฒึทื›ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืึทืจืฐื™ืงืœื˜ ื•ื™ 
ืึท ืจื™ื ื’ ื“ืขื ืงืึธืคึผ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธืก ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทืœื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืจื™ืกื˜ืœืขื›ืข 
ื”ื™ื™ืœื™ืงืข ืื™ืŸ ืงืจื™ืกื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืงื•ื ืกื˜ื•ื•ืขืจืง. 


ืื•ืœื™ืงืขืก: ืฉื˜ืึทืจืง ื’ืขื–ืึทืœืฆืขื ืข, ืคืขื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื›ืข ื”ืขืจื™ื ื’. 


ืื•ืžื’ืขื”ื™ื™ืขืจ: ืึท ืœืขื’ืขื ื“ืึทืจื™ืฉ ื‘ืึทืฉืขืคืขื ื™ืฉ, ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื–, 
ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึท ืกื›ึผื ื” ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ื‘ืึทื’ืขื’ืขื ืขืŸ. 


ืื•ืžืฉืœืึทื’: ืื•ืžืฉืœืึทื’- ืคึผืœืึทืฅ. ื“ืขืจ ืึธืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข (ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ 
ืกื˜ืึทื•ื•ืงื™ ื’ืึทืก) ืฐื•ึผ ืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ืึธืจืŸ 1942 -- 1943, 
ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคื’ืขื˜ืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจืŸ ืึทืฐืขืงืคื™ืจืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทืŸ" 
ืฐืึทื’ืึธื ืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืจืขื‘ืœื™ื ืงืข ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข ื˜ื•ื™ื˜- ืื•ืŸ 
ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืก-ืœืึทื’ืขืจืŸ. ืคืึทืจืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ, ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ืึธืจืŸ 
0- 1942 ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื’ืขื˜ื•ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ- 
ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืงืฆื™ืข ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืขืกื ื•ื•ืึทืจื’ ืคืึทืจืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ. 


ืื•ืคืœ: ืฉื‚ื˜ืŸ (ืงืœืœื”-ืœืฉื•ืŸ, ืœื•ื˜ ืื™ื•ื‘ ื’, 6). ื“ืขืจ ืฉืฐืึทืจืฅืฒื™ืึธืจ 
(ืœื•ื™ื˜ ื™.ืงื™ืก ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื•ื‘ ื’, 6). 


ืืฒึทื ื”ืฑืขืจืŸ (ื–ื™ืš): ื–ื™ืš ืืฒึทื ื‘ืฒื’ืŸ, ื–ื™ืš ืืฒึทื ืงืึธืจื˜ืฉืขืŸ. 


ืื™ื ื“: ื”ื™ื ื“. 
ืื™ืจื™ืกืŸ: ืฆื•ืงืขืจืงืขืก. 


ืึทื›ืึทื™ืึท: ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ื’ืจื™ื ื›ื ืœืึทื ื“, ืึท ื’ืขื‘ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฆืคื•ื“ื™ืงืŸ 
ืคึผืขืœืึธืคึผืึธื ืขืก. 


ื’ืจื™ื›ื™ืฉืข ื’ืขื˜ืขืจ. ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื™ื•ื’ื ื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืงืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืฆื• 
ืฉื˜ืึทืจื‘ืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืคึฟืึทืจื’ืขื“ืขื ืงื˜ ืฐื•ืขืจืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื•ืขืœื˜ืจื•ื, 
ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืœืึทื ื’ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืึธืŸ ืึธื ืขืจืงืขื ื•ื ื’. ื“ืขืจ ืžืœื—ืžื”-ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจ 
ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื”ืึธืžืขืจืก ืื™ืœื™ืึทื“, 


ืึทื›ื™ืœืขื˜: ืึท ื‘ืฉื‚ืจ-ื•ื“ื ืึท ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ืึท ื–ื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืœืขืš ืคื•ืŸ 


248 


ืึทืœืขืงืกืึทื ื“ืขืจ ืžื•ืงื“ื•ืŸ (ื“ื™ืึธื’ืขื ืขืกืŸ): ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึทืœืขืงืกืึทื ื“ืขืจ ืžื•ืงื“ื•ืŸ 
ืื™ื– ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืงืึธืจื™ื ื˜ืึธืก ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธืคืŸ ืžื™ื˜ 
ื“ื™ืึธื’ืขื ืขืกืŸ, ื“ืขื ืคึผื™ืœืึธืกืึธืฃ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึฟืึทืก - ืฐืขืจื˜ 
ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ืึทื– ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืฒึท ืื™ื ื’ืขืคึฟืจืขื’ื˜: "ืฆื™ ืงืขืŸ ืื™ืš 
ื“ื™ืจ ืึธื ื˜ืึธืŸ ืึท ื’ืขืคืขืœื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ืึธื’ืขื ืขืก?" ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื 


ื“ื™ืึธื’ืขื ืขืก ื’ืขืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื˜: "ื™ืึธ, ืื•ื‘ ื“ื• ื•ื•ืขืกื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ืึทื ืขืŸ ืึธืคึผื˜ืึธืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคึผืึทืจืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ื•ืŸ". 


ืึธื ื’ืขื’ื•ืจื˜ืข: ืึทืจื•ืžื’ืขื’ืึทืจื˜ืœื˜ืข. 
ืึทื ื˜ื–ืขืฆื˜: ืฆืขื˜ื•ืžืœื˜, ืึธืŸ ืึท ื’ืœืฒึทื›ื’ืขืฐื™ื›ื˜, ื“ืขืจืฉื™ื˜ืขืจื˜. 
ืึทื ื˜ืงื•ืžืขืŸ: ืึทื ื˜ืจื™ื ืขืŸ, ืึทื ื˜ืœืฑืคืŸ. 


ืึทืกื˜ืึทืจื˜ืข: ืขืฉืชืจืช -- ื“ื™ ื”ืฑืคึผื˜ื’ืขื˜ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื“ื•ื ื™ื. ื’ืขื˜ื™ืŸ 
ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื‘ืข, ืคืจื•ื›ืคึผืขืจื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืžืขืจื•ื ื’. ื”ืฑืคึผื˜ื’ืขื˜ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืคึฟืขื ื™ืงื™ืฉ- ื›ึผื ืขื ื™ืฉืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืข ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืžืขื ืก ืงื•ืœื˜ ืขืก 
ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืคืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืžืขืฉื™-ื–ื ื•ืช, ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืื•ื™ืš ื“ื™ ื‘ื ื™- 
ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื–ืึธืœืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื‘ืึทื˜ืฒืœื™ืงื˜. 


ืึธืคึผืึทืกืงืข: (ืคึผืฑืœื™ืฉ -- 085424)) ืึธืจืขืžื‘ืึทื ื“. ืื•ื™ืฃ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ-ืœืฉื•ืŸ 
-- ืึธืจืขืžื‘ืึทื ื“ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืžื’ืŸ-ื“ื•ื“ ืฐืึธืก ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืžื•ื–ื˜ 
ื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ื‘ืฒึทื ืึทืจืฑืกื’ืฒืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื’ืึทืก. ืœื•ื˜ ืึท ืคืึทืจืึธืจื“ืขื ื•ื ื’ 
ืคื•ืŸ 23 ื˜ืŸ ื ืึธื•ื•ืขืžื‘ืขืจ 1939, ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขื ืขืจืึทืœ-ื’ื•ื‘ืขืจื ืึทื˜ืึธืจ 
ืคืจืึทื ืง ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึทืœืข ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื ืขืจืึทืœ-ื’ื•ื‘ืขืจื ื™ืข 
ื‘ืึทื“ืึทืจืคื˜ ื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ -- ืคื•ืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ื“ืขืฆืขืžื‘ืขืจ 1939 -- 
ืึท ืœืขื ื˜ืข ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืกื˜ื ืก ืฆืขืŸ ืกืขื ื˜ื™ืžืขื˜ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜, 
ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืจืขื›ื˜ืŸ ืึทืจื‘ืœ, ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืžื’ืฑื“ื•ื“. ืœืฑื˜ ืึท 
ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืคืึทืจืึธืจื“ืขื ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืคื™ืฉืขืจ - ื“ืขืจ 
ื“ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ืงื˜-ื’ื•ื‘ืขืจื ืึทื˜ืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข, ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ื—ืœ 
ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ 12 ื™ืึธืจ ืึทืœื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžื’ืŸ-ื“ื•ื“ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืึทื“ืึทืจืคื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™, ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ืฐืฒึทืกืŸ ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืจื•ื ื˜. 


ืึทืคึผืœื‘ืฑื: ื™ื™.ืž. ืึทืคึผืขืœื‘ืฑื -- ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžื™ื˜ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ 
"ืžืึธืžืขื ื˜", ืึท ื–ืฉื•ืจื ืึทืœื™ืกื˜. ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ - ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ืึทืจ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงื™ืš ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ื ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืœื™ื’ืขื ืฅ 
ืื•ื™ืฃ ืœืขืฉื ืึธ 14. ืื™ื– ืื•ืžื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ 
2. 


ืึธืคึผืœืฒึทื˜ื–ืขืœื™ืงืŸ (ื–ื™ืš): ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจืŸ, ื–ื™ืš ืึธืคึผืฉืฒื“ืŸ. 


ืึธืงืขื ื˜ืฉืข: ื“ื™ ื’ืขื’ื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ืคืœื™ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ืฐื•ึผ ืขืก ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ 
ืคึฟืึทืจืจื™ื›ื˜ ืึทืขืจืึธืคึผืœืึทื ืขืŸ. ืึทื”ื™ืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ื™ื˜ืขื’ืœืขืš 
ื’ืขืฉืœืขืคึผื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜, ืžืขืจื“ืขืจืœืขืš ื’ืขืฉืœืึธื’ืŸ 
ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ, ืฆืขื‘ืœื•ื˜ื™ืงื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขื˜ื•ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ. 


ืึทืจืฑืคึฟืฐืขืœื‘ืŸ (ื–ื™ืš): ื–ื™ืš ื“ืจื™ื™ืขืŸ ืึทืจื•ืคืฆื• ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื‘ื•ื™ื’ืŸ. 


ืึทืจื•ืžื‘ืจืฑืขืŸ: ื˜ื•ืžืœืขืŸ, ืจื•ื“ืขืจืŸ, ืึธื ืžืึทื›ืŸ ืฉืึธื“ื ืก. 


ืึธืจื—ื•ืช-ื—ื™ื™ื (ื“ืขืจ): ืจ' ื’ืจืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืขื ืขืš ืœื™ื™ื ืขืจ, ื“ืขื ืจืึทื“ื–ื™ื ืขืจืก 
ื–ื™ื™ื“ืข, ื“ืขืจ ืžื—ื‘ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืกืคืจ "ืึธืจื—ื•ืช-ื—ื™ื™ื". ื–ืข ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ: 
ืชึผื›ืœืช, 


ืึทืจืŸ (ืžืขืŸ ืึทืจื˜ ื ื™ื˜): ื”ืึทืจืŸ, ืฐืึทืจื˜ืŸ. 


ื‘.: ืืคืฉืจ ื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ื˜ ื‘ืึธืจื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ. ืื™ื™ื ืขื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ื–ืฉื•ื™ื ื˜- 
ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ืึธืจืŸ, 


ื‘ืึทื’ืขื‘ื ืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ: ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉืŸ. 
ื‘ืึทื–ืึทืžืขืŸ: ื‘ืฒึทื ืึทื ื“, ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ. 
ื‘ืึทื–ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ: ื‘ืึทืฉื•ืœื“ื™ืงืขืจ. 


ื‘ืึทืžืึทื ืขืจ: ื“ืขืจ ืฐืฒึทื‘ืก ืžืึทืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืฒึทื˜ืฉ-ืฉืคึผืจืึทืš ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ 
ืึธื ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ "ื‘ืึทืžืึทื ืขืŸ" ืฐื™ ื“ื™ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’ ืคืึทืจ "ื‘ืขืœ", 
ื•ื™ ืœืžืฉืœ ื™ื•ึผื‘ึฐืขึทืœึฐืชึธึผื”ึผื™ื™ (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›"ื, 13). ื“ืึธ ืฐืขืจื˜ 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜ "ื‘ึทืขึฐืœึดื™", ืื•ื™ืฃ: ืžืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืึทืžืึทื ืขืจ. 


ื‘ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ (ืœืฉื•ืŸ-ืจื‘ื™ื): ืฆืขืจ, ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง. 
ื‘ืึทืงืขืจืŸ: ืคื•ืœืงื•ื ืื•ืžืงืขืจืŸ. 


ื‘ืึทืจื˜ืฉื™ื ืกืงื™: ื”ืขื ืขืš ื‘ืึทืจื˜ืฉื™ื ืกืงื™ (ืœืึธื“ื–ืฉ, 1896 -- 1939(?), 
ื‘ืึทืงืึทื ื˜ืขืจ ืžืึธืœืขืจ. ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ืึท 
ืคืจืฒึทื ื“. ืึธื ื”ืฒื™ื‘ ืžืœื—ืžื” ืื™ื– ืขืจ ืึทื ื˜ืœืึธืคืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืœืึธื“ื–ืฉ ืื•ืŸ 
ื’ืขื”ืึทื˜ ื‘ื“ืขื” ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ื“ืขืจืฉืœืึธื’ืŸ ื‘ื™ื– ื˜ืึธืžืึทืฉืึธื•ื• ืฆื• 
ืคึผืจืฒึทื ื“. ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืžืึธืœื˜ ืึธืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืฉืคึผืจืŸ 
ืคืึทืจืฉื•ื•ื•ื ื“ืŸ. 


ื‘ืœื•ืžืขื ืฉื˜ืจื•ื™ืš: ื‘ืœื•ืžืขื ืงืฉืึทืง, ืงื•ืกื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ืœื•ืžืขืŸ. 
ื‘ืขืœ-ืžืฆืจ: ื’ืจืขื ืขืฅ-ืื•ื™ืคื–ืขืขืจ, ื˜ื•ื™ืขืจ-ื•ื•ืขื›ื˜ืขืจ. 

ื‘ืจืึธื ื™ืขืŸ: ื‘(ืึธ)ืจืึธื ืขืฐื•ืขืŸ. 

ื‘ืจื™ื“ืœืขืŸ: ื‘ืจื™ืขืŸ, ื‘ืจื™ืœืŸ ื•ื™ ืึท ืœื™ื™ื‘ ืื™ืŸ ื›ึผืขืก, ืื•ื™ืกื’ื™ืกืŸ ืงืœืœื•ืช. 
ื’.: ืืคืฉืจ ื’ื™ื˜ืขืจืžืึทืŸ, ืืคืฉืจ ื’ื•ื–ืฉื™ืง (ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ืึธืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื–ืฉื•ื™ื ื˜)? 


"ื’ื•ื‘ืขืจื ื™ืข": ื“ื™ ื’ืขื ืขืจืึทืœื™ื’ื•ื‘ืขืจื ื™ืข, โ€ ืœืฑื˜ ื“ืขืจ 
ื”ื™ื˜ืœืขืจื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืึทื“ืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ืจืึทื˜ื™ืฐืขืจ ื˜ื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ 
ืึธืงื•ืคึผื™ืจื˜ืŸ ืคึผืฑืœืŸ: ื“ื™ ื“ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ืงื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืจืึธืงืข, ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืŸ, 
ืจืึทื“ืึธื, ืฐืึทืจืฉืข, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื— ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืฒึทื›ืŸ ืกืึทืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ื–ื‘ืจื•ื˜ืฉ -- ื“ืขืจ ื’ืึทืœื™ืฆื™ืข-ื“ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ืงื˜. 


ื’ืฑื™ื ืขืจ: ื’ื ื‘. 
ื’ื•ื ืกื˜: ื—ืกื“, ืœืฒึทื˜ื–ืขืœื™ืงืฒื˜. 


ื’ื–ืฉื™ื‘ืึธืฐื•: ื“ื™ ื’ืขื’ื ื˜ ื‘ืึทืฐืฑื ื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื’ืึทืก ื’ื–ืฉื™ื‘ืึธื•ื•ืกืงื™ ืื•ื– ื’ื–ืฉื™ื‘ืึธื•ื•ืขืจ ืคึผืœืึทืฅ, ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข. 


ื’ื™ื˜ื™ืงืก (ืึทื“ืฐืขืจื‘): ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ื•ื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืœืŸ. 


749 


ื’ื™ื˜ืขืจืžืึทืŸ: ื™ืฆื—ืง ื’ื™ื˜ืขืจืžืึทืŸ (1889 -- 1943). ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทื ืขืŸ ื‘ืจืืฉ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื–ืฉื•ื™ื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข. ืึท ื›ึผืœืœ-ื˜ื•ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ. 
ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทื ืขืŸ ื ืึธืขื ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืึทืงื˜ื™ืฐืฑื˜ืขื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื—ืœื•ืฆื™ืฉื™ืขืจ ื‘ืึทื•ื•ืขื’ื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ "ืขื•ื ื’-ืฉื‘ืช"-ืึทืจื›ื™ื•. 
ืžื™ื˜ื’ืœื™ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผื™ื ืึทื ืฆืŸ ืงืึธืžื™ืกื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ 
ืงืึธืึธืจื“ื™ื ื™ืจ-ืงืึธืžื™ื˜ืขื˜. ื“ืขืจืžืึธืจื“ืขื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื‘ืขืชืŸ 
ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืืฑื™ืคึผืฉื˜ืึทื ื“ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ, ื“ืขื 18ื˜ืŸ, 
ื™ืึทื ื•ืึทึธืจ 1943, 


ื’ื™ืกืึธืคึผืคืขืจ: ืฐื•ืึทืกืขืจ-ืงืจื‘ืŸ. ื“ืึธืก ื’ื™ืกืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืžื–ื‘ื—, ืกื•ื›ึผื•ืช-ืฆืฒึทื˜, 
ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆืฒื™ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช-ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ. 


ื’ืœื™ืžืขืจืŸ: ืคื™ื ืงืœืขืŸ. 

ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืžืœ: ืคื™ืœืคืึทื›ื™ืงืข ื‘ืึทืฐื•ืขื’ื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืงืจื™ื›ืขื ื™ืฉ. 
ื’ืขื–ื•ื™ื–: ื’ืขืจื•ื™ืฉ, ื’ืขื–ืฉื•ื™ืข? 

ื’ืขื˜ืึธืงื˜ืข: ื•ื™ ื’ืขืฉื ื™ืฆื˜ืข. 

ื’ืขืžื™ื–ืข: ื’ืจื™ื ืกืŸ, 

ื’ืขืคืึทืœืŸ: ื’ืขืคืขืœื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ, ื—ืกื“ื™ื, ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช, 


ื’ืขื ืฉืึท: ื’ืขื ืฉืข. ื“ื™ ืœืขื ื’ืกื˜ืข ื’ืึทืก ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ, ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืฆื•ื™ื’ืŸ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืึทืœืขืฐืงืขืก ืื™ืŸ ืžื–ืจื— ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื–ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ื‘ื™ืช-ืขื•ืœื 
ืื™ืŸ ืžืขืจื‘.. 


"ื’ืขื ืฉื™ืข" (ื“ื™): ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื’ืึทืก, ืืฑืฃ 
ื’ืขื ืฉืข. ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื ื“ื–ืŸ-ืคื™ืกืœืขืš ื“ืึธ, ืฐืขืจื˜ ื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ื˜ ื“ื™ 
ืชึผืคื™ืกื” ืคืึทืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื’ืขื ืฉืึท. ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืคื™ืกื” 
ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข "ืคืึทืจื‘ืจืขื›ืขืจ" ื“ืขืจืฉืึธืกืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ. 


ื’ืขืคึผืจื™ื–ืŸ: ื–ืข -- ืคึผืจืฒึทื–ืŸ. 
ื’ืขืงืœื™ืžืคืขืจ: ื”ื™ืœื›ื™ืงืขืจ ื’ืขืงืœืึทืคึผ. 
ื’ืจื™ื (ื“ืขืจ): ืœืฒึทื“ืŸ, ืฆืึธืจืŸ, ื’ืจื™ืžืฆืึธืจืŸ, 


ื“ืึธืžื‘ืจืึธื•ื•ืกืงื™, ื“ื•ื“: ื“ืขืจ ืฉืฐืึธื’ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก 
ื‘ืจื•ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืขืจืœ. ืึท ืœืขืจืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท 
ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ึดืฉืขืจ ืฉื•ืœืข ืื™ืŸ ืœืึธื“ื–ืฉ, ื’ืขื’ืจื™ื ื“ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืง 
ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืขืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ืึธืจ ืคึฟื•ืŸ 
ื‘ื™ืช-ื™ืชื•ืžื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข, ืื•ื™ืฃ ื˜ืฐืึทืจื“ืึท 7. ืคึผืึทืจืฉื™ืงื˜ 
ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืจืขื‘ืœื™ื ืงืข ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืชึผืœืžื™ื“ื™ื (ืื•ื™ื’ื•ืกื˜ 
2, 


ื“ืึทื ื™ืขืœืขืฐื™ื˜ืฉ, ื”ืขืจืฉ: ื”ืขืจืฉืขืœืข (1882-- 1941), ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ 
ืคืึธืœืงืกื“ื™ื›ื˜ืขืจ, ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึธืจื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื’ืขืจ, 
ืคืจื™ืœื™ื ื’-ืฆืฒึทื™ื˜ 1941. ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ืึท ืœืึทื ื’- 
ื™ืขืจื™ืงืขืจ ืคืจืฒื™ื ื“. ืื™ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ 1907 ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืึธืคึผื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜, 
ืžื™ื˜ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ื”ื™ืœืฃ, ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ื‘ื™ื›ืœ 
ืœื™ื“ืขืจ: "ื”ืขืจืฉืขืœืขืก ืœื™ื“ืขืจ"; ืื™ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ 1913 - 
"ื–ื•ื ืคื™ื™ื’ืขืœืขืš", ืื•ืŸ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ 1929 -- "ืฉื‘ืช 


ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื˜ืจืึทืงื˜". ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืึทืจื›ื™ื•ื• ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคื™ืœ ืœื™ื“ืขืจ 
ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ, ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจืœืึธืจืŸ 
ื’ืขื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ. ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื’ืขื˜ืึธ-ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ 
ื–ื™ืš, ืึธืคึผื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ืข, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืจื•ืจ, ื ื•ืž' 877 (13), ืžืึทื™-ื™ื•ื ื™ 
1, ื–ื–' 37-- 39, 


ื“ื–ืฉื™ืงืข: ืึท ื’ืจืขื ืขืฅ-ื’ืึทืก ืื™ืŸ ืฆืคื•ืŸ-ืžืขืจื‘-ื˜ื™ื™ืœ, ื”ืึทืœื‘ ืื•ื™ืกืขืจ 
ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ, ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื•ืžืฉืœืึทื’ืคึผืœืึทืฅ. 


ื“ื™ืžืขื ื˜: ืึธื ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืึทืคึผืจืึธืฐื™ื–ืึทืฆื™ืข-ืึธืคึผื˜ืฒืœ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื™ื™ึดื“ื ืจืึทื˜, ื‘ืฒึท ืงืฑื™ืœืŸ-ืคืึทืจื˜ืฒืœื•ื ื’. 


ื“ื™ื ืึทืกื™: ืึท ื’ืึทืจืึทื–ืฉ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืืฑื˜ืึธ-ืจืขืคึผืึทืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ ืื™ืŸ ืงืึทืžื™ื ืกืงื™ืก 
ื˜ืขืึทื˜ืขืจ-ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึธื‘ืึธื–ืฉื ืข, ืึท ื’ืขืกืœ ื‘ืฒึท ื“ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 
ืงืจืึธืงืขืฐืขืจ ืคึฟืึธืจืฉื˜ืึธื˜, ืฐื•ึผ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ื™ื˜ืขื’ืœืขืš 
ืคืึทืจืฉืœืขืคึผื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืคึผืฒึทื ื™ืงื˜ 
ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ. 


"ื“ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ" (ืคื•ืŸ): ืคื•ืŸ ืžื—ื•ืฅ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ, ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึทืจื™ืฉืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜. 


ื”ื ื’ื‘ืจื ื•ื”ื ื˜ืจืืกืงื: ืœื•ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืžืกื›ืชื ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืข: ื”ื ื’ื‘ืจื 
ื•ื”ื ื“ึดืกึฐืงึธื {(ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ื™ 
ืคืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ื•ื ื’} -- ืึธื˜ ืื™ื– ืขืจ, ืคึผืึทืจืฉืฑื ืœืขืš. 
ื”ื•ืžืึธืจื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉ: ืึธื˜ ืื™ื– ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ (ื’ืึทื ืฆืŸ) ื˜ืจืึทืกืง (ื”ื•ื™ื›ืŸ 
ืึธื ืฉื˜ืขืœ) ื–ืฒึทื ืขื. 


ื”ืึธืžืขืจื•ื˜: ื’ืจื™ื›ื™ืฉืขืจ ืขืคึผื™ืฉืขืจ ืคึผืึธืขื˜, ื’ืขื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ืคืึทืจืŸ ืฉืึทืคึผืขืจ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืจื™ื›ื™ืฉืŸ ื”ืขืœื“ืขืคึผืึธืก. ืฐื™ื–ืึทืฐื™ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืžืœื—ืžื”- 
ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื™.ืง. ืึทืจืฑืก ื“ื•ื“ืŸ, ื“ืขื ืœื™ืจื™ืฉืŸ ืคึผืึธืขื˜, 
ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืชึผื”ื™ืœื™ืก-ืžื™ื–ืžื•ืจื™ื, ื’ืขื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ืคืึทืจืŸ ืฉืึทืคืขืจ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืœื•ื™ื‘ื’ืขื–ืึทื ื’ ืฆื•ื ืื™ื™ื‘ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ, 


ื”ืึทื ื“ืœืึทืจ: (ื”ืึทื ื“ืœืึทืจื•ืฉ): ื’ืึทืกืŸ-ื”ืขื ื“ืœืขืจ, ืื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ 
ืึทืœื˜ืฐืึทืจื’. 


ื”ืื•ื“: ืกื˜ืึทื“ืข. 


ื”ื•ื™ื–ื•ืฑื™ืจื˜: ืึทืŸ ืึทื“ืฐืึธืงืึทื˜ (ืฆื™ ืึทืŸ ืึทืกืคึผื™ืจืึทื ื˜) - ื’ืขืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ 
ืืฑืคึฟื–ืข-ืึทืžื˜ ื‘ืฒึทื ื™ื™ึทื“ื™ืฉืŸ ื”ื™ืœืคืก-ืงืึธืžื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ 
ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ, ื•ื•ืขืžืขื ืก ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ืข ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฆื• 
ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืงื˜ื™ืฐืฑื˜ืขื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึธืœืงืกืงื™ื›ืŸ. 


ื”ื•ื™ืคื˜ืขืจ: ืžื™ืœื™ื˜ืขืจื™ืฉืข ืžืœื—ืžื”-ืคืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ื‘ืขืช ืึทืŸ ืึทื˜ืึทืง. 


ื”ื™ื’ืœืขืŸ (ืœืฉื•ืŸ-ืจื‘ื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื’ืœ): ื‘ืขืจื’ืœ-ื”ื™ื™ื›ืŸ. 
ื”ื™ืจื˜: ืคึผืึทืกื˜ืขืš. 


ื”ืขื ืจื™ืงืึธืฐ: ืึท ืฉื˜ืขื˜ืœ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข ืฐื•ึผ ื”ืขืจืฉืขืœืข (ื–ืข 


ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ) ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฐื•ื•ื™ื ื˜, ื‘ื™ื– ืก'ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ 
ืึท ื’ืขื˜ืึธ, ืกื•ืฃ ื™ืึธืจ 1940. 


ื”ืขืงื˜ืึธืจ: ืึท ื‘ืฉื‚ืจ"ื•ื“ื, ืึท ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจ. ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืึทื– ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ 


ืฉื˜ืึทืจื‘ืŸ ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขืฉืจืึธืงืŸ. ืึท 
ื˜ืจืึธื™ืึทื ืขืจ ืคึผืจื™ื ืฅ, ืึท ืžืœื—ืžื”-ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ื’ืขืคืึทืœืŸ ื˜ืฑื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 
ืึทื›ื™ืœืขืกืขืก ืฉื•ืขืจื“. 


ื”ืขืจืึทืงืœืขืก: ื”ืขืจืงื•ืœืขืก. ืึท ื’ืจื™ื›ื™ืฉืขืจ ื’ืึธื˜ ื‘ืŸ"ื’ืขื˜ืขืจ. ื“ืขืจ 
ืขืœื˜ืกื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจื™ื›ื™ืฉืขืจ 
ืžื™ื˜ืึธืœืื’ื™ืข ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืขืจ ืึธื ื’ืขื–ืขืขื ืกื˜ืขืจ, ื‘ืึทืฐื•ึผืกื˜ 
ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื›ึผื•ื— ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกืขืจื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืœืขืงืข ืื•ื™ืคื˜ื•ืขืŸ. 


ื”ืขืจืฉื˜: ืจืืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทื ื“ืข. 
ื”ืขืจืฉืขืœืขืก ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜ ืœื™ื“ืขืจ: ื–ืข ื”ืขืจืฉืขืœืข. 


ื”ืขืจืฉืขืœืข -- ื–ืข: ื“ืึทื ื™ืขืœืขืฐื™ื˜ืฉ, ื”ืขืจืฉ. ื ืึธืš ื”ืขืจืฉืขืœืขืก 
ื˜ืฑื˜ ืื™ื– ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืึทืจื›ื™ื•ื• ืึทืจื™ื›ืขืจื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ 
ื“ื–ื™ืขืœื ืึท 34, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธืžื•ื ืข ืคื•ืŸ "ื“ืจื•ืจ", ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ 
ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ืงืึทืกื˜ื ืก. ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ ืฆืฒึทื˜ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฉื•ืจื ืึทืœืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ 
ืึธืคึผื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ, ื•ื™ ืื•ื™ืš ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืข 
ื‘ื›ึผืชื‘-ื™ื“, ื ืึธืš ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ืข, ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ 
ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืขื ืข. ื“ืขืจ ืคืึธืœืงืœืึธืจื™ืกื˜ ื ืชืŸ ื”ื•ื‘ืขืจืžืึทืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ืคึผืึทืจืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืกื™ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืกื“ืจื˜. ื‘ืขืชืŸ 
ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ, ื–ื•ืžืขืจ 1942, ืื™ื– ืขืจ ืื•ืžื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ. ืื™ืŸ 
ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื”ืขืจืฉืขืœืขืก ืœื™ื“ืขืจ, ืžื™ื˜ืŸ 
ืืจื›ื™ื•ื•, ืคืึทืจืœืึธืจืŸ ื’ืขื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ. 


ืฐืึทื‘ืึทื ืง: ืงืึธืจื˜ื ืฉืคึผืจืึทืš. ืฉืคึผื™ืœืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืึทื ืฆืขืจ ืงืึทืกืข. 
ืฐืึธื ื™ืง: ืึท ืคืึทืจื’ืขื ื™ื’ืŸ. 
ืฐืึทื ืงืขืŸ: ืฐืึทืงืœืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš. 


ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ (ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืฆื• ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ): ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื“ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ, ืžื™ืื•ืก-ื•ืžืึธื•ืก 
ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ. 


ื•ื•ื™ื™ื’ืขืจืŸ: ืึธืคึผื–ืึธื’ืŸ. 


ื•ื•ื™ื™ืฅ: ืขืžื™ืœ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืฅ, ื“ืขืจ ื’ื‘ื™ืจ-ืคื™ืœืึทื ื˜ืจืึธืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืึธืจื ืข. ืึท 
ื‘ืึทืจืฉื˜ืŸ-ืคึฟืึทื‘ืจื™ืงืึทื ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืจืฑืกืข ื’ืขืฉืขืคื˜ืœืขื›ืข 
ืคึฟืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ, ืื•ื™ืคึฟืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื‘ืึทืจืฉื˜ืŸ-ืคึผืึทื‘ืจื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืข. ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื•ืฐื•ื™ื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืึธืจื ืข ืื•ืŸ 
ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ืึธืคึฟื˜ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ 
ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื’ืขืฉืขืคื˜ืŸ. 


ื•ื•ื™ืœื“ (ื“ื™): ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืœื“, ื—ื™ื”. 
ื•ื•ื™ืœื˜ืฉื™ื ืกืงืึท: ืกื˜ืขืคืึท. ื•ืฑืœื˜ืฉื™ื ืกืงืึท. (1886 - 1942). 


ื“ืขืจืฆื™ึดืขืจื™ืŸ. ืึท ื’ืขื‘ืฑื™ืจืขื ืข ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข, ื™ืึทื ื•ืฉ 
ืงืึธืจื˜ืฉืึทืงืก ื ืึธืขื ื˜ืกื˜ืข ืžื™ื˜ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืขืจื™ืŸ. ืื™ื– ืขื•ืœื” 


ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ 1938 ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืึทื–ืขืฆื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืขื™ืŸ-ื—ืจื•ื“. ืื™ืŸ 
ื™ืึธืจ 1939 ืฆื•ืจื™ืงื’ืขืคืึธืจืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืฑืœืŸ ื›ึผื“ื™ ืฆื• ื”ืขืœืคืŸ 
ืงืึธืจื˜ืฉืึทืงืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืขื•ืœื” ืฆื• ื–ืฒึทืŸ. ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื‘ืจื•ืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืžืœื—ืžื”, ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื™. ืงืึธืจื˜ืฉืึทืงืก ื‘ื™ืช- 
ื™ืชื•ืžื™ื. ื’ืขื’ืึทื ื’ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช"ื™ืชื•ืžื™ื ืื•ื™ืฃ 
ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืœืขืฆื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’, ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืจืขื‘ืœื™ื ืงืข. 


ื•ื•ื™ืžืขืจืŸ: ืฐื™ืžืคึผืขืจืŸ, ืงืœืึธื’ืŸ. 
ื•ืฑืจ: ื•ื•ื™ืจื‘ืœ, ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืจื‘ืœ ืฐืึทืกืขืจ-ืฐืขืจื‘ืœ, 
ื•ื•ืขืœื‘ืŸ (ื–ื™ืš): ื–ื™ืš ืืฑืกืฉืคึผืจืฒื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืคืึธืจื ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื‘ื•ื’ืŸ. 


ืฐื•ืขืœื™ืงืึธื•ื•ืกืงื™: ื“"ืจ ื’ื•ืกื˜ืึทื•ื• ืฐื™ืขืœื™ืงืึธื•ื•ืกืงื™. ืึทื“ืฐืึธืงืึทื˜, 
ืงืจื™ืžื™ื ืึธืœืึธื’, ืคึผืจืขื–ื™ื“ื™ื•ื-ืžื™ื˜ื’ืœื™ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ 
ืกืึธืฆื™ืึทืœืขืจ ืึทืœืฒื ื”ื™ืœืฃ. ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทื ืขืŸ ื‘ืจืืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื 
ืื•ื™ืคื–ืข-ืึทืžื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืคืึธืœืงืกืงื™ื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ 
ื’ืขื˜ืึธ. ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืจืึทื˜ื’ืขื‘ืขืจ ืคื•ื ืขื ื“ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ืงื˜-ืฉืขืฃ 
ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืกืึธืฆื™ืึทืœืขืจ ืฉื•ืฅ, ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ืื•ื™ืš 
ืคึผืจืขื–ื™ื“ื™ื•ื-ืžื™ื˜ื’ืœื™ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื ืจืึทื˜. 


ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ (ืœืฉื•ืŸ-ืจื‘ื™ื): ื›ืฐืึทืœื™ืขืก. 

ื–ืึทื˜ืขืกืŸ (ื–ื™ืš): ื–ืึทื˜ื™ืฉืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš, ื‘ืึทืจืฑืงืŸ ื–ื™ืš. 
ื–ืึทื›ื˜ืข (ืึทื“ืฐืขืจื‘): ืœืึทื ื’ื–ืึทืก, ื‘ื”ื“ืจื’ื”ื“ื™ืง. 
ื–ืึธื ื™ืง (ืึทื“ื™ืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื•): ื–ื•ื ื™ืง, ืœื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง, ืฉืฒึทื ืคื•ืœ. . 


ื–ืึทืงืจืฑื‘: ืœืฉื•ืŸ-ื”ื˜ืฒึทื˜ืฉ ืคึผืึทืจืŸ ืฐืึธืจื˜ "ืฉืœืœ" (ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื—, 27) ื–ืข 
ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ: ืขื›ืŸ. 


ืขืžื ื•ืืœ ืจื™ื ื’ืขืœื‘ืœื•ืžืขืŸ (ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ื™ืขืงื‘ ื–ื™ืœื‘ืขืจ- 
ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ) ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืขืžื™ืœ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืฆืŸ - ื–ืข ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ. ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข 
ืคืœืขื’ืŸ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข ืžื›ึผื•ื— ื’ืขืฉืขืคื˜ืŸ. ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ 
ืืฑืกื’ืขืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ื‘ืึทืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉืขืจ ืึทืจืžืฒ ืื•ืŸ 
ืคึฟืึทืจื“ื™ื ื˜ ืžื™ืœื™ืึธื ืขืŸ ื–ืœืึธื˜ืขืก. 


ื–ื™ืœื‘ืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, ืง: ืึท ื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื˜ืึธืจื ืข. ืฐืขืจื˜ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ ื‘ืฒึท 


ื–ืขื’ืŸ: ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช. 


ื–ืฉื™ื˜ืึธืก-ืงื™ื›ืŸ: ื–ืฉื™ื˜ืึธืก (01681) ืกื!ืคืฅ2ื–ืคืฉืกื™ื“ 16ืขืคืฉืกื˜ืฅ,7 
(80016026) ืึท ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคึผื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ืึทืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืกืึธืฆื™ืึทืœืขืจ ืึทืœืฒื ื”ื™ืœืฃ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ืคืึทืจื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืขืœื‘ืกื˜ื”ื™ืœืฃ ื“ื•ืจืš ื”ืฑื–-ืงืึธืžื™ื˜ืขื˜ืŸ, 
ืคึผืœื™ื˜ื™ื-ื”ืฒึทื–ืขืจ, ืคึฟืึธืœืงืกืงื™ื›ืŸ, ืื“"ื’ืœ. 


ื–ืฉืขืœื™ื›ืึธื•ื•ืกืงื™, ืฉืœืžื” --- ื–ืข: ืื™ืŸ ืงื•ืจืฆืŸ ืึทืจืฒึทื ืคึฟื™ืจ ืฆื• ื“ืขื ืœื™ื“: 
"ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืฉืœืžื” ื–ืฉืขืœื™ื›ืึธื•ื•ืกืงื™". 


21 


ื—ื ื” (ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ): ื™. ืง'ืก ืคืจืฑ (1942:1900), ื—ื ื” 
ืจืึธื–ืขื ื‘ืขืจื’, ืคึฟืึทืจื˜ืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืจืขื‘ืœื™ื ืงืข ืžื™ื˜ 
ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื™ื™ึดื ื’ืขืจืข ื–ื™ืŸ, ื‘ืŸ-ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ืžื™ืŸ, ื“ืขื 14ื˜ืŸ 
ืืฑื’ื•ืกื˜ 1942. 


ื˜ืึธื’ืข: ืจื•ื™ืžื™ืฉืข ืคึผืขืœืขืจื™ื ืข. 


ื˜ืึธืจืงืฐืขืžืึทื“ืข: ื˜ืึธืžืึทืก ื“ืข ื˜ืึธืจืงืขืžืึทื“ืึท (1498771420), ื“ืขืจ 
ืฉืคึผืึทื ื™ืฉืขืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก-ืื™ื ืงืฐื•ื™ื–ื™ื˜ืึธืจ. 


ื˜ื•ื’ื ื˜: ื’ื•ื˜ืข ืžื™ื“ื”, ืฆื™ื“ืงื•ืช, 


ื˜ืฐืึทืจื“ืึท: ื“ื™ ืื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืงืข ื’ืึทืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ืจื•ื-ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ -- ืคื•ืŸ 
ื’ื–ืฉื™ื‘ืึธื•ื•ืกืงื™-ืคึผืœืึทืฅ (ืฆืคื•ืŸ-ืžื–ืจื—) -- ืฐืึธืก ืงืจืฒึทื–ื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ื“ื•ืจื›ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ืกืงืึธืกื ืข, ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื‘ื•ืœื˜ืขืจ ื“ืจื•ื-ืžืขืจื‘- 
ืจื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’, 


ื˜ืจืขืžืข: ืฆื™ื˜ืขืจื ื™ืฉ, ืžื•ืจื. 
ื˜ืจืขื ื“ืขืจ: ื˜ืจืขื ื“ืœ, ื“ืจื™ื™ื“ืœ, 


ื™ืึท ืžืึทืก ืœื™ื“ืœืขืš: (ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ ื’ืขืžื™ืฉื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืคึผื•ืœื™ืฉ) ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ 
ืœื™ื“ืœืขืš. 


ื™ืึธื ืงืขืŸ(ื–ื™ืš): ืคึฟืึทืจื”ื™ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš, ืคึผืึทืจื”ืึทืงืŸ ื–ื™ืš, ืฉื˜ืึทืžืœืขืŸ. 
ื™.ื”.ืง.: ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ื”ื™ืœืคืก-ืงืึธืžื™ื˜ืขื˜. 


ื™ื•ื“-"ืงื”-ืฐืึธื•ื•-"ืงื” (ืœื™ื™ืขืŸ--ื™ื•ื“ืงืข-ืฐืึธื•ื•ืงืข): ืื•ื™ืกืœื™ื™ื’ ืื•ืŸ 
ืืฑืกืฉืคืจืึทืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฉื-ื”ืžืคื•ืจืฉ. 


ื™ื•ื ื’ืคืขืจ: ื™ื•ื ื’ืคืจื•ื™, ื‘ืชื•ืœื”. 


ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื“ื™ืœื” ืจื™ื ื”: ื”ืึทืœื‘ ืœืขื’ืขื ื“ืึทืจืข ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทืœื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืืจืฅ- 
ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœื“ื™ืงืŸ ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ืึทืจืึธืคึผื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ 
ืžืฉื™ื—ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื ืขื ื˜ืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืื•ืœื” ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข 
ื›ึผื•ื—ื•ืช, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืคืึทืœืŸ. ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืขืก ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืื™ื 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขื™ืงืจ ื“ื™ ืžื™ื ื“ืœืขื›ืข ื˜ืจืึทื“ื™ืฆื™ืข, ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš 
ืึทื ื˜ืฐื™ืงืœื˜ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ 15ื˜ืŸ-17ื˜ืŸ ื™ืึธืจื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜. ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึทืŸ ื‘ื™ื– 
ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืžืขืจื˜ ื“ื™ ืฉืจื™ืคื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื•ื•ืขืจืง 
ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ึดืฉืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ, ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ 
ืื™ื ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ื•ืจืœ, ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืงืึทืžืฃ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืฉื‚ื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ 
ืœื™ืœื™ืช. 


"ื™ื“ื™ (ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ืคื•ื ืขื "ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ", ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช-ื“ืคื•ืก): ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืŸ, 
ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืจ' ื™ืขืงื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืคึผืฉื™ืกื›ืข, ื“ืขืจ "ื™ื™ื“" 
ืึธื“ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ "ื™ื™ึดื“ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ", ื“ืขืจ ืจื‘ื™ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืจื‘ ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืคื•ืŸ 
ืคึผืฉื™ืกื›ืข ืื•ืŸ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืจื‘ ืžืขื ื“ืœ ืงืึธืฆืงืขืจ. ืจ' ื™ืขืงื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืคื•ืŸ 
ืคึผืฉื™ืกื›ืข ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคืจื™ึดืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ืชึผืœืžื™ื“ ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธื›ื“ืขื ื“ืขืจ 


ืงืขื’ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืจ' ื™ืฆื—ืง ื™ืขืงื‘ ื”ืœื•ื™ ื”ื•ืจื‘ื™ืฅ, ื“ืขืจ "ื—ื•ื–ื”" 
ืคื•ืŸ ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืŸ. ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ื“ืจื•ืงืขืจืฒึท ืื™ืŸ ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืŸ ืื™ื– 
ื’ืขื’ืจื™ื ื“ืขื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื”ืขืœืคื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 16ื˜ืŸ 
ื™ืึธืจื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜. 


ื™ืจืžื™ื”ืก ื‘ืจื™ื•ื•: ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื ื”ืึทืœื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื›ึผืชื‘ ืฐืึธืก ื“ืขืจ ื ื‘ื™ื ื™ืจืžื™ื”ื• 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฉื™ืงื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืึทืœืข ืฐืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ 
ืคืึทืจื˜ืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื ื›ื•ื›ื“ื ืืฆืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืœื•ืช ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืœ. 
ื–ืข: ืกืคืจ ื™ืจืžื™ื”, ืคืจืง ื›"ื˜. | 


ื›ืึธื“ื ื™ืง: ื˜ืจืึธื˜ื•ืึทืจ, ืฉื˜ืขื’, ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืึทื ื’ ืคืึทืจ ืคื•ืกื’ื™ื™ืขืจ. 


ื›ืขืœืžื ืึธ: ืคืึทืจืœืขื ื“-ืœืึทื’ืขืจ ืคืึทืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืึธืจืฃ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื–ืขืœื‘ืŸ 
ื ืึธืžืขืŸ, 14 ืงื™ืœืึธืžืขื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ืงื˜-ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ 
ืงืึธืœืึธ, ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจื˜ืขื’ืึทื•ื’ืขื‘ื™ื˜ (ืžืขืจื‘-ื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืฑืœืŸ 
ืฐืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืึทื ืขืงืกื™ืจื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืฆื•ื ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉืŸ ืจืฒึทื™ืš). ืžืขืŸ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขืคืึทื ื’ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขืžืึทื˜ื™ืฉ ืฆื• ืคืึทืจื˜ื™ืœื™ืงืŸ 
ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืฆืขืžื‘ืขืจ 1941. ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜-ืœืึทื’ืขืจ 
ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืฑืœืŸ. | 


"ื“ื™ ืœืึธืžืข ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืœื™ื ื“ืข": ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทืจื™ืฉืข ืึทืœื•ื–ื™ืข, ืคึผืึทืจื’ืœืฒึทืš 
ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘', ื”, 6-- 8. ื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ื˜ ืฆื• ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืึทื– ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืื™ื– 
ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืคืจืขืžื“ืข ื”ืขื ื˜ ื•ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ื™ื‘ื•ืกื™ื, ืื•ืŸ ืึทื– ื•ื™ ื“ืึทืŸ ื“ื•ื“ -- ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคื˜ 
ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืคึผืจืฒึทื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืจืขืžื“ืขืจ ื”ืขืจืฉืึทืคึผื˜, ื“ื•ืจืš 
ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ. 


ืœืึธืงืŸ: ืจื™ื™ืฆืŸ, ืฆื•ืฆื™ึดืขืŸ. โ€ 
ืœืฒึทื’ืŸ: ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืœื™ื’ืŸ, 


ืœืขืฉ: ื“ื™ ื’ืึทืก ืœืขืฉื ืึธ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข, ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ืจื•ื-ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืื•ืŸ ืฆืคื•ืŸ 
ื’ืขื˜ืึธ, ื’ืขืœืึธืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืžื–ืจื—-ืžืขืจื‘-ืจื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’, 


ืœืขืฉื ืึธ 14: ืื•ื™ืฃ ืœืขืฉื ืึธ 14 ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื™ืš ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ 
ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ื ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืœื™ื’ืขื ืฅ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ: ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš 
ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืคึผืจืึธืฐื™ื–ืึทืฆื™ืข-ืึธืคึผื˜ืฒื™ืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื ืจืึทื˜, 
ืึธื ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื‘ืจื”ื ื’ืขืคึผื ืขืจ, 


ืžืื™ ื›ื•ืœื™ ื”ืื™: ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ืึทืœืฅ? (ื“ื™ ื ืคืงื-ืžื™ื ื”). ื”ื›ึผืœืœ 
ืฐืึธืก? 


ืžืึทืจื™ื ืึธืฐืขืจ: ืึทืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึทืคึผืจืึธืฐื™ื–ืึทืฆื™ืข- 
ืึธืคึผื˜ืฒื™ืœื•ื ื’, ื“ื™ ืกืขืงืฆื™ืข ืคึฟืึทืจ ืงื•ื™ืœืŸ-ืคืึทืจื˜ืฒืœื•ื ื’. 


ืžืึทืจืฉืึทืœืงืึธืฐืกืงืึท:ืึท ื’ืึทืก ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข, ืžื—ื•ืฆืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืจื•ื- 


ืžื–ืจื— ื˜ื™ื™ืœ. ืœื•ื™ืคื˜ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื ื“ื™ืง ื‘ืฒึทื ื–ืึทืงืกื™ืฉืŸ ื’ืึธืจื˜ืŸ, 


ืคื•ืŸ ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืจื•ื. 


ืžื•ื˜ืœืขืจ: ืžืึธื˜ืœืขืจ, ืคึผืœืึทืคึผืœืขืจ, 


ืžื•ืจืึทื ืึธื•: ืึท ื’ืึทืก ืื•ืŸ ืึท ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ืื™ืŸ ืฆืคื•ืŸ-ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ, ืื•ื™ืคืŸ 
ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืคึผืึทืœืึทืฅ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื’ืึธืจื˜ืŸ - ื“ืึธืจื˜ 
ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืึทืฐื™ ืึท ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื ืึธื›ืŸ 
ืื™ื˜ืึทืœื™ืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ืื™ื ื“ื–ืœ "ืžื™ืจืึทื ืึธ", ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื ืขืฆื™ืข. 


ืžื™ืึทืœ: ืงื•ื™ืœื ืฉื˜ื•ื™ื‘ ืคืึทืจืžื™ืฉื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืžื™ืกื˜; ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื’ืกื˜ืขืจ ืกืึธืจื˜ 
ื”ื™ื™ืฅ-ืžืึทื˜ืขืจื™ืึทืœ, 


ืžื™ืœืข: ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืึทืก ืžื™ืœืึท, ืื™ืŸ ืฆืคึฟื•ืŸ-ื˜ืฒืœ ืค 
ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ. ื’ืขืœืึธืคืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื•ืจืึทื ืึธื•ื•ืกืงื™ ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ื‘ื™ื– 
ืกืžืึธื˜ืฉืึท, ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืžื–ืจื—-ืžืขืจื‘-ืจื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’. 


ืžื™ื ื“ืกื˜ืข (ืึท): ืึท ื“ื™ื ืกื˜? 
ืžืขื ื’ืŸ: ืžืขื ื’ืขืก, ื”ืžื•ื ื™ื. 


ื ืึทื“ื–ืึธืจ: ื”ืฉื’ื—ื”-ืึทืžื˜ (ืคึผืฑืœื™ืฉ). ื“ืึธ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ื˜ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ืคื–ืข- 
ืงืึธืžื™ืกื™ืข ืคึผืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืคืึธืœืงืกืงื™ื›ืŸ, ื‘ืฒึทื˜ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ื”ื™ืœืคืก- 
ืงืึธืžื™ื˜ืขื˜, ื‘ืจืืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ืก'ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทื ืขืŸ ื“"ืจ 
ื’ื•ืกื˜ืึทื•ื• ืฐืขืœื™ืงืึธื•ื•ืกืงื™. 


ื ืึธืฐืึธืœื™ืคื™ืข: ืึท ื’ืึทืก ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ืคึผืึทืจืึทืœืขืœ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ 
ื’ืึทืก ื ืึธืฐืึธืœื™ืคึผืงื™ ืืฑืฃ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ื™.ืง'ืก ืžืฉืคึผื—ื” ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื’ืขื•ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜, ื‘ืขืชืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ. 


ื ืึทืœืขืฐืงืขืจ ื”ื•-ื”ืึท: ื ืึทืœืขืฐืงืขืก, ืึท ื’ืึทืก ืื™ืŸ ืฆืคื•ืŸ-ืžื–ืจื—. ืคืึทืจ 
ื“ืขืจ ืžืœื—ืžื”, ื“ืขืจ ืฆืขื ื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืžืกื—ืจ ืื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ื–- 
ืื™ื ื“ื•ืกื˜ืจื™ืข. 


ื ื™ืฉื˜ (ื”ืขืจื™ื ื’ ืžื™ื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜): (ื”ืขืจื™ื ื’) ืึธืŸ ื‘ืจื•ื™ื˜, 


"ื ืขื™ื ื–ืžื™ืจื•ืช": ื“ื•ื“ ื”ืžืœืš ื“ืขืจ ืžื—ื‘ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืกืคืจ ืชึผื”ื™ืœื™ื (ืœื•ื™ื˜ 
ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ื›"ื’, 1). 


ืกื˜ืขืจ: ืจื•ื“ืขืจ, 


ืกื™ื™ื: ื“ืขืจ ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืกื™ื™ื (ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืฑืœื™ืฉืŸ ืคึผืึทืจืœืึทืžืขื ื˜), ืื™ื™ื ืก ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ื™ ืฉืจืขืงืœืขื›ืกื˜ืข ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืฐื•ื•ึผ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืคืœืขื’ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉืœืขืคึผื˜ 
ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื˜ืขื’, ืื•ืŸ ืื›ื–ืจื™ื•ืชื“ื™ืง 
ื’ืขืคึผืฒึทื ื™ืงื˜ ืฐืขืจืŸ. ื“ืขืจ ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ืื™ื– ื”ืึทืœื‘ ืฆืขืฉื˜ืขืจื˜ 
ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื‘ืขืช ื“ื™ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื‘ืึธืžื‘ืึทืจื“ื™ืจื˜ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข, 
ืื™ืŸ ืกืขืคึผื˜ืขืžื‘ืขืจ 1939, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงื‘ื•ืจื”- 
ืึธืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืขืงื–ืขืงื•ืฆื™ืข-ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืœืึทืงืŸ. 


ืกื›ืŸ (ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืกื›ืŸ): ืœืฉื•ืŸ-ืจื‘ื™ื ืคืึทืจ "ืึท ืกืš". 


ืกืžืึธื˜ืฉืข: ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืึทืก ืกืžืึธื˜ืฉืึท, ืื™ืŸ ืฆืคื•ืŸ-ืžืขืจื‘-ื˜ื™ื™ืœ 


ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ. ื’ืขืœืึธืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืฆืคื•ืŸ-ื“ืจื•ื ืจื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ 
ื’ืึทืกืŸ ืึธืงืึธืคึผืึธืฐืึท ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืฐืึธืœื™ืคึผื™ืข. 


ืขื›ืŸ: ืขึธื›ึธืŸ ื‘ืŸ ื›ึผืจืžื™ (ื–ืข ืื™ืŸ ืกืคืจ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข, ืคึผืจืง ื–ื™, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ 
ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืคึผืจืง ื‘'), ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื ื–ืึทืงืจืฑื‘ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื™ืจื™ื—ื• ืื•ื™ืฃ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจื˜ ืึท ื—ืจื. 
"ืขื ื˜ืœืึทืกื˜ืขื˜?: ื–ื™ืš ืึทื ื˜ืœืึทืกื˜, ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืึทืคึผืจืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืœืึทืกื˜. 
ืคืึทืจืคึผืึทืกืŸ: (ืงืึธืจื˜ื ืฉืคึผืจืึทืš) ืคืึทืจืคืขืœืŸ. 


ืคึฟืึทืจื˜ืฉืึทืงืขืŸ: ืึธืคึผื ืึทืจืŸ, ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืฉืคึผื™ืœืŸ. 


ืคืึทืจื’ืขืœื˜ืŸ (ืคืึทืจื’ืึทื ื’ืขื ืขืจ ืคึผืึทืจื˜ื™ืฆื™ืคึผ---ืคืึทืจื’ืึธืœื˜ืŸ): ื‘ืึทืœืฑื’ืขืŸ, 
ืคืึทืจื’ื™ื˜ื™ืงืขืŸ. 


ืขืจืคื•ืจื›ื˜: ืขืจ(ืข)ืคึผืึธืจื›ื˜, ื™ืจืืช-ื”ื›ึผื‘ื•ื“, 

ืคืึทืœื™ืงืข (ื“ื™): ืขืคึผื™ืœืขืคึผืกื™ืข. | 

ืคืึธืœืงืกื“ื™ื™ืฉ: ืึทื–ืฑ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉืŸ ื™ืขื ืข ืื™ื™ื ื•ื•ื•ื™ื ืขืจ . 
ืคื•ืŸ ืึธืงื•ืคึผื™ืจื˜ืข ืœืขื ื“ืขืจ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึทืžืข ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉืœืึทื ื“, ื•ื™ ืื•ื™ืš ื™ืขื ืข ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ, ืึธืคึผืคึผืจืขืžื“ื ื“ื™ืง 
ื–ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืคืึธืœืง, ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจื˜ ื•ื™ ืฆื•ื’ืขื”ืขืจื™ืงืข 
ืฆื•ื ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉืŸ ืคึผืึธืœืง. 

ืคืึทืงืกืŸ: ืคึฟืึธืงื•ืกืŸ. 

ืคืึทืจื•ื•ื™ื™ืขืŸืŸ: ืคืึทืจืคึผืœื™ึดืขืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืึทืฐืขืงื’ืขื‘ืœืึธื–ืŸ. 

ืคืึทืจื•ื•ื™ืจื˜ (ื–ืฒึทืŸ): ื“ืขืจืฉื˜ื•ื™ื ื˜, ืฆืขืžื™ืฉื˜, 

ืคืึทืจืฆื™ื›ื˜ืŸ: ืžื ื•ืชืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ. 

ืคืึทืจืงืึทืฉืขืจืŸ: ืคึฟืึทืจืงืฒึทืงืœืขืŸ ืึทืจืฑืคืฆื•, 

ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื•ื•ื™ ื–ืฉื™ื“: ืงืจืขืฆื™ืงืขืจ ื™ื™ื“. 

ืคื™ึทื™ืขืจื’ืœื•ื˜: ืคึผืฒึทืขืจื’ืœื™, 

ืคืœื™ื ื“ืขืจืŸ: ื‘ืึทืจืฑื‘ืŸ. 

ืคืœืขื›ื˜ืŸ (ืœืฉื•ืŸ-ืจื‘ื™ื): ืฆืขืคึผ. 

ืคึผืขื˜ื™-ืžืขื˜ื™: (ืกืœืขื ื’) ื’ืขืœื˜. . 

ืคึผืจืฒึทื–ืŸ: ืจื™ืžืขืŸ, ืœื•ื™ื‘ืŸ. 


ืคึผืจืฒึทื™ืฉืคึผืจืขื›ืŸ: ื‘ืึทืคึผืจืฒึทืขืŸ (ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืฉื•ืœื“), 


233 


ืคืจืขื–ืขืก: ื™ื•ืฉื‘-ืจืึธืฉ, ืจืึธืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื ืจืึทื˜. 
ืฆืึธ ืคืึธื˜ืฉืขื‘ื•ื™ืขืฉ: (ืคึผืฑืœื™ืฉ) ืฐืึธืก ื“ืึทืจืคืกื˜ื•? 


ืฆื‘ื™ (ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ): ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ืขืœื˜ืกื˜ืขืจ ื–ื•ืŸ. ืึท 
ืชึผืœืžื™ื“ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืขืจื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ื’ื™ืžื ืึทื–ื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ "ื“ืจื•ืจ". 
ืึท ืžื™ื˜ื’ืœื™ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืงืึทืžืคืก-ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ืึทืฆื™ืข. ืื™ืŸ 
ื“ืขืฆืขืžื‘ืขืจ 1942 ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ 
ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข, ืึทืŸ ืึทื˜ืขื ื˜ืึทื˜ ืงืขื’ืŸ ืึท ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ื’ืขืกื˜ืึทืคึผืึธื“ 
ืึทื’ืขื ื˜. ืื™ื– ืึทืจืขืกื˜ื™ืจื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธื›ื“ืขื ื‘ืึทืคึผืจืฒึทื˜ 
ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืงืขืžืคืขืจ. ืื™ืŸ ื™ืึทื ื•ืึทืจ-. 
ืื•ื™ืคึผืฉื˜ืึทื ื“, ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืึธื˜ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท 
ืงืขืžืคื ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ "ื“ืจื•ืจ". ืื™ืŸ ืžืึทื™ 1943 
ืึทืจื™ื›ืขืจื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ 
ืœืึทื’ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืขืœ. ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ืžืึทื™ ื“ืขืจืžืึธืจื“ืขื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ 
ืื•ื™ืฉื•ื•ื™ืฅ, 18 ื™ืึธืจ ืึทืœื˜. 


ืฆื•ื•ืขืจื’: ืงืึทืจืœื™ืง. 
ืฆืขื“ืจื™ืœืขื•ื•ืขื˜ืข: ืฆืขืœืขื›ืขืจื˜ืข, 
ืฆืขืœื˜: ื’ืขืฆืขืœื˜, ืฐื•ื•ื™ื ื•ื ื’, 
ืงืึทืžื™ื–ืขืœืงืข: ื–ืฉื™ืœืขื˜, ื•ื•ืขืกื˜ืœ. 


ืงืึธืžื™ื˜ืขื˜ (ื“ืขืจ): ืึท ื”ื•ื™ื–-ืงืึธืžื™ื˜ืขื˜, ื“ืึธืก ืงืœืขื ืกื˜ืข ืงืขืžืขืจืœ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ื™ืจื˜ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืกืึธืฆื™ืึทืœืขืจ ืึทืœืฒื™ื ื”ื™ืœืฃ, 
ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ. ืื™ื– ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ืึทื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืืฒึทื ืฐืฑื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื”ื•ื™ืฃ. ืฆืฐื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข 
ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข, ื‘ืึทื–ืึธืจื’ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืึธืจืขืžืขืœืฒื˜ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืฃ. ื“ื™ ื’ืขืœื˜-ืžื™ื˜ืœืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช 
ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขื ืฆืฐืขืง ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทืœืŸ, 
ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื ืขืžื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืฒึทืฉื˜ืฒึทืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืฒึทื›ืขืจืข 
ืืฒึทื ืฐื•ื™ื ืขืจ. 


ืงืึธืจื˜ืฉืึทืง ื™ืึทื ื•ืฉ: ืคึผืขื ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“"ืจ ื”ืขื ืจื™ืง ื’ืึธืœื“ืฉืžื™ื“ื˜ 
(1878) ืฆื™ 1879 - ืจืืฉื™ืช ืืฑื’ื•ืกื˜ 1942) ื“ืขืจ 
ื‘ืึทืฐื•ึผืกื˜ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ื“ืึธืงื˜ืขืจ, ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ึดืขืจ, 
ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื•ื•ืขืœื˜-ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช, ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืฑืœืŸ. 


ืงืึทืจืžืขืœื™ืฆืงืข: ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืืฑื˜ืฉืคึผืจืึทืš ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืึทืก 
ืงืึทืจืžืขืœื™ืฆืงืึท, ื“ื™ ืื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืงืข ื’ืึทืก ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืคืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ื“ืขื ื“ืจื•ืžื“ื™ืงืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืฆืคื•ื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคึฟื•ืŸ 
ืœืขืฉื ืึธ ื‘ื™ื– ื“ื–ืฉืขืœื ืึท. ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืคึฟื•ืœ ืžื™ื˜ ืžืึทืกืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ 
ืฐืึธืก ื’ื™ื™ืขืŸ ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ. 
ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉืŸ ืคึผืจืึทืงื˜ื™ืฆื™ืจื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒืขืจ 
ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ื˜ืขืจืึธืจ, ืึธื ืคืึทืœื ื“ื™ืง ืคึผืœื•ืฆืขื ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืื™ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ื’ืึทืก, ื‘ืขืช ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื“ื•ืจื›ืคืึธืจ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึทืฐื™ืึทืง-ื˜ื•ืจืžืข. 


ืงื“ืจ: ื“ืึธืก ื•ืฐื™ื ืึธืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึทืกื˜ืขื›ืขืจ, ื“ื™ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืงื“ืจ, ื“ื™ 
ืึทื–ืฑ ื’ืขืจื•ืคืขื ืข ื ืึธื›ืŸ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืงื“ืจ -- ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื™ืฉืžืขืืœืก ื–ื™ืŸ, 

ืงื•ืžืขืจ: ืงืึธืคึผื™ื“ืจืฒืขื ื™ืฉ, ื–ืึธืจื’. 


ืงื•ืจืฅ: ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืœืขื‘ืึธืก ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืขืงืขืจืฒึท ืื™ืŸ ืœืึธื“ื–ืฉ, ืคึผืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ 
ืžืœื—ืžื”. 


ืงืขืจืŸ (ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืงืขืจ ืขืจ): ื’ืขื”ืขืจืŸ ืฆื•. 
ืงืขืจืงืขืจ (ื“ืขืจ): ืงืึทืจืฆืขืจ, ืชึผืคื™ืกื”. 
ืงืจื•ื™ื ืคื•ื™ืœืŸ: ื“ืึธืก ืขื˜ื ื™ืฉืข ืคึผืฑืœืŸ. 


ืจืึทื“ื–ื™ื ืขืจ (ื“ืขืจ): ื–ืข ืื™ืŸ ืงื•ืจืฆืŸ ืึทืจืฒึทื ืคื™ืจ ืฆื•: "ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ 
ืจืึทื“ื–ื™ื ืขืจ" 


ืจื•ืš: ื‘ืึทื•ื•ืขื’ื•ื ื’. 
ืฉืึทืคึผืึธื˜: ืขืฉืึทืคืึธื˜. 

ืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื’ืขืŸ: ื‘ืึทื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืœื•ืคื˜ืŸ ื”ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง. 
ืฉื•ืจืš: ืฉืึธืจืš. 

ืฉื•ืจืงืข: ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืฐืึธืก ื˜ื•ื˜ ืึธืŸ ืฆืจื•ืช. 

ืฉื˜ืึธืก: (ืคึผืฑืœื™ืฉ) ืึท ืงืึธืจื˜ื ืฉืคึผื™ืœ, 


ืฉื˜ืึธืงืŸ: ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึธื ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื˜ื•ึผื•ื ื’, ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขืงืŸ, 
ืึธื ืžืึทื›ื˜ื™ืง. 


ืฉื˜ืึทืจ (ืงื•ืงืŸ, ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ); ืื•ืžื‘ืึทื•ื•ืขื’ืœืขืš, ืื•ืžืฉืคึผื™ืจืขื•ื“ื™ืง. 


ื™ืฉื˜ื™ืจืžืขืจ": "ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื™ืจืžืขืจ; ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉืข ืฐืึธื›ื ืฉืจื™ืคื˜ ืฆื•ื 


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ืงืึทืžืฃ ืคืึทืจืŸ ืืžืช" ื”ื™ื˜ืœืขืจื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืข ืึทื ื˜ื™ืกืขืžื™ื˜ื™ืฉืข 
ืฆืฒึทื˜ืฉืจื™ืคื˜ ื“ืขืจืฉื™ื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื ื™ืจืขื ื‘ืขืจื’ ืคื•ืŸ 1922 ื‘ื™ื– 
5, ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ืจืขื“ืึทืงืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื•ืœื™ื•ืก ืฉื˜ืจืฒึทื›ืขืจ. 

ืฉื™ื˜ืงืข: ื˜ื•ื ืงืœ ืงืึธืจื ื‘ืจื•ื™ื˜. 

ืฉื™ืœืฃ: ื™ืึทืžืฉืฉื˜ืึธืง, ืฐืึทืกืขืจ-ืฉื˜ืขืงืขืœืข. 

ืฉื™ืœืคื‘ื•ื™ื: ืจืึธืจ, ื‘ืึทืžื‘ื•ืก. 

ืฉื™ืœืคืจื•ื™ืจ-ืฉื™ืคืŸ: ืจืึธืจ-ืฉื™ืคืŸ. 

ืฉืœื™ืึทืก: ืฉืœืฒึทื, ื‘ืœืึธื˜ืข. 

ืฉืœื™ื›ืึธื˜ืข: ืกืœื™ืึธื˜ืข, ืฉืœื™ื•ื›ืึธื˜ืข, ืฉื™ื˜ืขืจืข ื‘ืœืึธื˜ืข. 

ืฉืžืึทืš: ื”ื•ื ื’ืขืจ, ื“ืึธืจืฉื˜, ื‘ืึทื’ืขืจ. 

ืฉืžื•ืง: ืฆื™ืจื•ื ื’, ื‘ืึทืคึผื•ืฆื•ื ื’. 

ืฉืคึผืฒึทืขืจ: ืจืขืฐืึธืœืฐืขืจ. 

ืฉืคึผืœื™ื˜ืขืจ: ืงืœื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืึธืคึผื‘ืจืึธืš, ืึธืคึผืฉืคึผืึทืœื˜, 

ืชึผื›ืœืช: ืคื™ืึธืœืขื˜-ืงืึธืœื™ืจ. ืจ' ื’ืจืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืขื ืขืš ืœืฒื ืขืจ, ื“ืขื 
ืจืึทื“ื–ื™ื ืขืจืก ื–ื™ื™ื“ืข, ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ื•ืš "ืคึผืชื™ืœ ื”ืชึผื›ืœืช" 
ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึทื– ืงื“ืžื•ื ื™ื ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคื™ืึธืœืขื˜-ืงืึธืœื™ืจ, 
ืึธืคึผืฆื•ืคืึทืจื‘ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคึผืชื™ืœ-ื”ืชึผื›ืœืช ืื™ืŸ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช-ืฆื™ืฆื™ืช, 
ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืึท ืžื™ืŸ ื˜ื™ื ื˜ืคื™ืฉ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืœื•ื˜ ืื™ื ื“ืขืจ 
ื‘ืึทืฐื•ึผืกื˜ืขืจ ื—ืœื–ื•ืŸ, ืœื•ื˜ ืฐื™ ื“ื™ ื”ืœื›ื” ืคืึธื“ืขืจื˜ (ื–ืข: 
ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื˜ื•, 38; ืชื•ืกืคืชื ืžื ื—ื•ืช ื˜ ื˜ื–). ืื™ืŸ ืจืึทื“ื–ื™ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืขืจ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืื•ืŸ ืืฑื™ืคื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืึท 
ืฐืึทืจืฉื˜ืึทื˜ ืฆื• ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืฆื™ืจืŸ ื“ืขื ืชึผื›ึดืœืช-ืงืึธืœื™ืจ ืฆื• ืคืึทืจื‘ืŸ 


ื“ื™ ืฆื™ืฆื™ืช. 


ืชืจืชืคึผื™-ื“ืกืชืจื™: ืฐื™ื“ืขืจืึทื ืึทื ื“, 


ื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ืึธื’ืจืึทืคื™ืฉืขืจ ืฉืœื™ืกืœ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ืข ืžืงื•ืจื™ื 
ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืจืฒึทื ืคื™ืจืŸ ืฆื• ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ืฉืจื™ืคื˜ืŸ 


ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ืข ืฐืขืจืง; 


ื‘ื—ื•ืจื™ื; ืงืึธืžืขื“ื™ืข. 1. ืืงื˜. ื•ื•ืืจืฉื, ืคืขืจืœืื’ืก-ื‘ื™ื•ืจื, ืชืจืก"ื˜- 1908 

ื“ืžื“ื•ืžื™ื; ืฉื™ืจื™ื. ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื—ืœืงื™ื. ื•ืจืฉื”, ืชื•ืฉื™ื”, ืชืจ"ืข-- (1910), ืขืž' {1}- 128; {1}- 126, 

"ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืจื•ืขื™ื; ืœื™ืœื” ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื". ื—ื–ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืขืจื›ื” ืื—ืช. ืื—ื“ื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” (ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘), ื›ืจืš ืฉืœื™ืฉื™, ืชืžื•ื– 
ืชืจืฆ"ื, ืขืž' 1531-- 73. 

ื”ื ื‘ื™ื; ื—ื–ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช. (ืœื•ื“ื–, ืกืคืจ, ืชืจืค"ื‘) 

"ืžืฉืœื— ืžื ื•ืช" (ืžื—ื–ื”), ืขื•ืœืžื™ (ื•ืจืฉื”), ืฉื ื” ื’', ื™"ื“ ืื“ืจ ื‘' ืชืจืฆ"ื—, ื’ืœื™ 13 (42), ืขืž' 195 - 198. 

"ื™ืขืงื‘ ื•ืขืฉื•" (ืžื—ื–ื”), ืขื•ืœืžื™ (ื•ืจืฉื”), ืฉื ื” ื’', ื' ืื™ื™ืจ ืชืจืฆ"ื—, ื’ืœ' 16 (45), ืขืž' 2387237; ื˜"ื– ืื™ื™ืจ ืชืจืฆ"ื—, 
ื’ืœ' 17 (46), ืขืž' 254-253. - 

(ื”ืงื“ืžืช ืชืจืฆ"ื–ืŸ: "ื”ืงื“ืžื”" |ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืืฑืกื’ืึทื‘ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืข ืœื™ื“ืขืจ}: ืฉื™ืจื™ื, ืชืจืฆ"ื—, ื›ืจืš ื', ืขืž' 11-81ืื’. 

{ืฉื™ืจื™ื, ืชืจืฆ"ื—}: ืฉื™ืจื™ื; ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื›ืจื›ื™ื, ืœื•ื“ื–, ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื—ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ ืฉื™ืจื”, ืชืจืฆ"ื—. 

ื•ึทื ืชื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื, ืชืฉ"ื–): ื›ืชื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ืก; ืชืฉ"ื’--ืชืฉ"ื“. ืขื™ืŸ ื—ืจื•ื“, ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“, ืชืฉ"ื–. ืขืจืฉื˜ืข 
ืืฑืกื’ืึทื‘ืข. 

(ื›ืชื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื, ืชืฉื˜"ื–ืŸ: ื›ืชื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื; ืช"ืฉ---ืชืฉื™'ื“. (ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘), ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“ ื•ื‘ื™ืช ืœื•ื—ืžื™ 
ื”ื’ื™ื˜ืื•ืช, (ืชืฉื˜"ื–-- 1956). ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืข ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืขืจื˜ืข ืืฑืกื’ืึทื‘ืข. 

(ื›ืชื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื, ืชืฉื›"ื˜)}: ื›ืชื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื, ืช"ืฉ--ืชืฉ"ื“, (ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘), ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“ ื•ื‘ื™ืช ืœื•ื—ืžื™ 
ื”ื’ื™ื˜ืื•ืช, (ืชืฉื›"ื˜ -- 1969). ื“ืจื™ื˜ืข ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืขืจื˜ืข ืืฑืกื’ืึทื‘ืข. 

{(ืคื ืงืก ื•ื™ื˜ืœืŸ: "ืคื ืงืก ื•ื™ื˜ืœ", ื›ืชื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื, ืชืฉื›"ื˜, ืขืž' (145}-- 204. (ืึธื ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ 22ื˜ืŸ ืžืึทื™ -- 
6ื˜ืŸ ืกืขืคึผื˜ืขืžื‘ืขืจ 1943}. 

ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ืคื•ื ืขื ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื”ืจื’ืขื˜ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืึธืœืง (ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื˜ืึทื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื•ืš ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืจืึทื›ื˜ ืœื•ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืืฑืกื’ืึทื‘ืข ืคื•ืŸ 
ื™ืึธืจ 1964, ื–ืข ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ.ืŸ 

ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืจืื“ื–ื™ื ืขืจ. ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ืคื•ื ื ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื”ืจื’ืขื˜ืŸ ื™ื™ื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืืœืง. (ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘), ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“ ื•ื‘ื™ืช 
ืœื•ื—ืžื™ ื”ื’ื™ื˜ืื•ืช, 1964, 61}, 171-- 54; 551}-- 101. 

{ืขืœ ื ื”ืจื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืœืŸ: ืขืœ ื ื”ืจื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืœ; ื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ืฉืข ื˜ืจืึทื’ืขื“ื™ืข ืื™ืŸ ืคื™ืจ ืึทืงื˜ืŸ. ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘, ื’ืึธืœื“ืขื ืข ืงื™ื™ื˜ ื•ื‘ื™ืช ืœื•ื—ืžื™ 
ื”ื’ื™ื˜ืื•ืช, (ืชืฉื›"ื–-- 1967). ื•ึตืฆื• ืขืจืฉื˜ ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ: ื“ื™ ื’ืึธืœื“ืขื ืข ืงื™ื™ื˜, 1966, ื ื•ืž' 55 -- 56, ื–ื–' 7-- 56; 
6 - 124. 

{ืฉื™ืจื™ื, ืชืฉืœ"ื”}; ืฉื™ืจื™ื 1903---1938; ืžื‘ื—ืจ. ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื‘ืืจื™, ื‘ื™ืช ืœื•ื—ืžื™ ื”ื’ื™ื˜ืื•ืช ื•ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“, ืชืฉืœ"ื”. 
ื•ืึทืŸ ืึธืคึผืงืœืฒึทื‘ ืคื•ืŸ: ืฉื™ืจื™ื, ืชืจืฆ"ื—ืŸ. | 


295 


ื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ืึธื’ืจืึทืคื™ืฉืข ืจืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ืฐืขืจืง: 


ื ื™.ืงื™ืก ืฐื•ืขืจืง (1946)}: ื–ืข ืฆื•ืงืจืžืŸ---ืžื‘ืคื ื™ื ื™"ื; ื–ืข ืื•ื™ืš: ืœื•ื™. 

ื ื™-ืงื™ืก ืฐืขืจืง (1951)}: ื–ืข ื‘ืœื•ืžืขื ื˜ืึทืœ (1951), 

(ื™-ืง'ืก ืฐืขืจืง (1954): (ืฆื‘ื™ ืฉื ืจ}. "ืžื•ืจืฉืชื• ื”ืกืคืจื•ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืฆื ืœืกื•ืŸ ืžืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืฉื•ืื”", ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ืช 
ืœื•ื—ืžื™ ื”ื’ื™ื˜ืื•ืช, ื™ื ื•ืืจ 1954 ื’ืœ' 4, ืขืž' 13-- 16, 

ื™ื™ืก ื•ื•ืขืจืง (1956)}: "ื™ืฆื™ืจื•ืช ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืฆื ืœืกื•ืŸ ืช"ืฉ- ืชืฉ"ื“", ื›ืชื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื, ืชืฉื˜"ื–-- 1956, ืขืž' 444- 
5, 


ืฉืœื™ืกืœ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ืข ืžืจืื™-ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื•ืš: 


ื•ืื•ื• }: ืื•ื•. "ื‘ื™ืื’ืจืืคื™ืฉืข ื ืื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืืฆืขื ืขืœืกืืŸ", ืคืืœืงืกืฆื™ื™ื˜ื•ื ื’ (ื•ื•ืืจืฉืข), ื™ื•ืœื™ 22 1948, ื–ื™ 13. 

ื ืืฑืขืจื‘ืึทืš (1974)}: ืืฑืขืจื‘ืึทืš, ืจื—ืœ. ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ืฆืฐืึธื•ืช; ื‘ืึทื’ืขื’ืขื ื™ืฉืŸ, ืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืขื˜ืŸ, ื’ื•ืจืœื•ืช 1943-1933, 
ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘, ื™ืฉืจืืœ-ื‘ื•ืš, ืชืฉืœ"ื” -- 1974, 

ื ืื™ื ืขืจืœืขื›ืข ืงืืจืขืกืคืื ื“ืขื ืฅ}: "ืงื•ืจืกืคื•ื ื“ื ืฆื™ื” ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช", ืžืก' 4. ื‘ืชื•ืš: ื“ืคื™ื ืœื—ืงืจ ื”ืฉื•ืื” ื•ื”ืžืจื“, ืžืืกืฃ 
ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ื™ื ื•ืืจ 1951, ืขืž' 157-148. 

ื ืืฉ (1973)}: ืืฉ, ืฉืื•ืœ, ืขื™ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื—ืงืจ ื”ืฉื•ืื” ื•ื™ื”ื“ื•ืช ื–ืžื ื ื•. ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ื”ืžื›ื•ืŸ ืœื™ื”ื“ื•ืช ื–ืžื ื ื• -- ื™ื“ื™ื•ืฉื - 
ืžื›ื•ืŸ ืœื™ืื• ื‘ืง, ืชืฉืœ"ื’. 

ื ื‘ืœื•ืžืขื ื˜ืึทืœ (1951)}: ื‘ืœื•ืžื ื˜ืœ, ื ื—ืžืŸ. "ื›ืชื‘ื™-ื™ื“ ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืฆื ืœืกื•ืŸ ื”ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ื’ื ื–ื™ ื‘ื™ืช ืงืฆื ืœืกื•ืŸ", ื“ืคื™ื 
ืœื—ืงืจ ื”ืฉื•ืื” ื•ื”ืžืจื“, ื›ืจืš ื' ืืคืจื™ืœ 1951, ืขืž' 189-184, 

ื•ื‘ืœื•ืžืขื ื˜ืึทืœ (1954)}: ื‘ืœื•ืžื ื˜ืœ, ื ื—ืžืŸ. "ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืฆื ืœืกื•ืŸ ื›ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืฉื•ืื”", ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ืช ืœื•ื—ืžื™ 
ื”ื’ื™ื˜ืื•ืช, ืืคืจื™ืœ 1954, ืžืก' 6-5, ืขืž' 6-4, 

ื•ื‘ืœื•ืžืขื ื˜ืึทืœ (1955)ืŸ: ื‘ืœื•ืžื ื˜ืœ, ื ื—ืžืŸ. "ื”ืฉื™ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืจื“ื–ื™ื ืื™ ืœื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืฆื ืœืกื•ืŸ", ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ืช ืœื•ื—ืžื™ ื”ื’ื™ื˜ืื•ืช, 
ื˜ื‘ืช ืชืฉื˜"ื•-- ื™ื ื•ืืจ 1955, ื’ืœ' (8) 1, ืขืž' 7-4, 

(ื ื‘ืขื’ื ืขืจืŸ: ื‘ืขื’ื ืขืจ, ืž. "ืžื™ื˜ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ (ื–ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืช)", ืื™ื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืงืขืžืคืขืจ. ื›ืจืš ืฉ1ืื, ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” 
ืชืฉ"ื–, 27 ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 1947. ื ื•ืž' 699, ื–ื–' 86-- 88. {ืื•ื™ืฃ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉ ืื™ืŸ: ืžื‘ืคื ื™ื, ื›ืจืš ื™"ื, ืขืž' 641 -- 
4 | 

(ื‘ืขืจื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ -- ืจื•ื˜ืงืึธื‘ืกืงื™): ื–ืข ืœื•ื˜ ื’ื•ื˜ืžืŸ (1977), ื–ื™ 443, ื”ืขืจื” ื ื•ืž' 5. 

ื•ื‘ืฉื“ืžื•ืช ื’ืจื•ื›ื•ื‘}: ืกื’ืœ, ืฉืจื”; ืืจื™ื” ืคื™ืืœืงื•ื‘ (ืขื•ืจื›ื™ื). ื‘ืฉื“ืžื•ืช ื’ืจื•ื›ื•ื‘, ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ื”ื›ืฉืจื” ื’ืจื•ื›ื•ื‘ ื•ืคืœื•ื’ื•ืชื™ื•. 
ืžืืกืฃ, ื‘ื™ืช ืœื•ื—ืžื™ ื”ื’ื™ื˜ืื•ืช, ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“, ืชืฉืœ"ื•. 

(ื’ืึธืœื“ืงืึธืจืŸ!: ื’ืึธืœื“ืงืึธืจืŸ, ื™ืฆื—ืง. ืœืึธื“ื–ืฉืขืจ ืคืึธืจื˜ืจืขื˜ืŸ, ืื•ืžื’ืขืงื•ืžืขื ืข ื™ื™ื“ื™ืฉืข ืฉืจืฒื™ื‘ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ื™ืคืŸ. ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘ 
ืชืฉื›"ื“-- 1963, 

(ื’ืึทืจ-ืคืจื™ื“ืžืึทืŸ!: ื’ืึทืจ, ื™ื•ืกืฃ -- ืคืจื™ื“ืžืึทืŸ, ืคึฟื™ืœื™ืค, ื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ืึธื’ืจืึทืคื™ืข ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ื‘ื™ื›ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ืจื”, 
ื ื™ื•ื“ื™ืึธืจืง, ื™ื“ื™ื•ืฉื -- ื™ื™ึทืฐืึธ, ืชืฉื›"ื‘-- 1962. 

(ื’ื•ื˜ืžืŸ (ืชืฉืœ"ื”)}: ื’ื•ื˜ืžืŸ, ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืชื ื•ืฆืช ื”ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช ื•ื”ืžืจื“ ื”ืžื•ื•ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื•ืืจืฉื” ืขืœ ืจืงืข ื—ื™ 
ื”ื’ื™ื˜ื•---1939---1943. (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื), ืชืฉืœ"ื” -- 1975. ื“ื™ืกืขืจื˜ืึทืฆื™ืข. ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื•ื›ืคืึธืจื ืื•ื™ืฃ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ึดืฉ - ื–ืข: 
ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื•ืืจืฉื” 1939---1943. (ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘) ืชืฉืœ"ื–. 


26 


(ื’ื•ื˜ืžืŸ 11977: ื–ืข ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ. 

(ื’ื™ื ืฆื‘ื•ืจื’: ื’ื™ื ืฆื‘ื•ืจื’, ืœื•ื™ ืื’ื“ื•ืช ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื. ืฉืฉื” ื›ืจื›ื™ื. ืจืžืช ื’ืŸ, ืžืกื“ื”, ืชืฉื›"ื•-- ืชืฉืœ"ื”. ืชืจื’ื ื•ืขืจืš ื”ืจื‘ 
ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื›ื”ืŸ. {ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืขื ื’ืœื™ืฉ: .1665 106 04 1,626049 ืกืช1 .1,015 ,20618ืž31)| 

(ื’ืœืขื“}: ื’ืœืขื“, ื–ืจื•ื‘ื‘ืœ. ืฉื™ื—ื” ืฉืœื ืชืžื” ืขื ืจืขื™ื ื•ืžื•ืจื™ื. (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘), ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“, ืชืฉื›"ื” - 1964, 
{ืคืจื™ึดืขืจ ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ: ื—ื™ื™ื ื•; ื”ื•ืฆืื” ื—ื“ ืคืขืžื™ืช. ืขื™ืŸ ื—ืจื•ื“, ื—ืฉื•ืŸ ืชืฉ"ื“-- ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 1943.ืŸ 

{(ื“ืฐืึธืจื–ืฉืขืฆืงื™ (1948)}: ื“ืฐืึธืจื–ืฉืขืฆืงื™, ืžืึทืจืง. ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื“ืœื™ื˜ื ืื™ืŸ ืงืึทืžืฃ ืื•ึผืŸ ืื•ึผืžืงื•ึผื. (ืคืืจื™ื–). 
ืคืึธืœืงืกืคืืจื‘ืื ื“, ืชืฉ"ื— -- 1948, 

- {ึธื”ืึทืœื˜ืขืจ (1937)}: ื”ืึทืœื˜ืขืจ, ืžืจื“ื›ื™. ืžื™ืจ ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ืš; ืจืืžืืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื›ืฉืจื”-ืœืขื‘ืŸ. ืฐืึทืจืฉืข, "ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”", 1937. 

ื•ึทื”ืืœื˜ืจ -- ืžื‘ืคื ื™ื, ื™"ืืŸ: ื”ืืœื˜ืจ, ืžืจื“ื›ื™. "ื™ืคื’ื™ืฉื” ืื—ืช ืขื ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืฆื ืœืกื•ืŸ", ืžื‘ืคื ื™ื, ื›ืจืš ื™"ื, ืชืฉ"ื”-ืชืฉ"ื• 
-- 1946-1945, ืขืž' 634-632, 

(ื”ื™ืœื‘ืขืจื’}: 0/8145 1801 ,018 1166 .2665 ืž8ืกืงืกื–ื˜ืช 406 01 12681/106100 ืกืž .1ื˜ื’ืช ,ืคื–ืกื˜ื•ื•ื’ืŸ 
3, 

ื•ึทื•ื•ืึทืกืขืจ): ืฐืึทืกืขืจ, ื”ืขืจืฉ (ืึท ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืง ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื‘ื•ืš ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืœืœ ื–ืฒึทื™ื“ืžืึทืŸ "ื˜ืื’ื‘ื•ืš ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืืจืฉืขื•ื•ืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ื"ืŸ. ื‘ืœืขื˜ืขืจ 
ืคืืจ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข (ืคืขืจื˜ืœื™ืืจืฉืจื™ืคื˜), ื‘ืื ื“ 1, ื™ืึทื ื•ืืจ-ืžืขืจืฅ 1948, ื”ืขืคื˜ 1, ื–ื™ {(19771186. 

ื•ื•ื•ื™ื™ืœืื ื“ืŸ: ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธื–ื™ืฆื™ืข "ืฐืฒึทืœืึทื ื“, ื’ืจืฉื•ืŸ-ืคืกื—" - ื–ืข: (ืœืขืงืกื™ืงืึธืŸ} ื“ืจื™ื˜ืขืจ ื‘ืึทื ื“. ื ื™ื•-ื™ืึธืจืง, 
ืึทืœื•ื•ืขืœื˜ืœืขื›ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ-ืงืึธื ื’ืจืขืก, 1960, 

ื•ื–ื“ื•ื ืกืงื” ื•ื•ืœื”): ืืจืœื™ืš, ืืœื—ื ืŸ. ื–ื“ื•ื ืกืงื”-ื•ื•ืœื” (ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘), ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื™ื•ืฆืื™ ื–ื“ื•ื ืกืงื”-ื•ื•ืœื”, 1968. 

(ื–ืฒึทึทื“ืžืึทืŸืŸ: ื–ืฒึทื“ืžืึทืŸ, ื”ืœืœ. ื˜ืึธื’-ื‘ื•ืš ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ. ื‘ื•ืขื ืึธืก-ืื™ื™ืจืขืก, ืฆืขื ื˜ืจืืœ-ืคืึทืจื‘ืึทื ื“ ืคื•ืŸ 
ืคื•ื™ืœื™ืฉืข ื™ื™ื“ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึทืจื’ืขื ื˜ื™ื ืข, 1947, 

ื˜ื•ืจืงืึธื•ื• (1)1948: ื˜ื•ืจืงืึธื•ื•, ื™ืึธื ืึทืก. ืึทื–ืฑ ืื™ื– ืขืก ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ...; ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข. ื‘ื•ืขื ืึธืก ืื™ื™ืจืขืก, ืฆืขื ื˜ืจืึทืœ- 
ืคืึทืจื‘ืึทื ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืคื•ื™ืœื™ืฉืข ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึทืจื’ืขื ื˜ื™ื ืข, 1948, 

ื ื˜ื•ืจืงืึธื•ื• (1972)}: ื˜ื• ื˜ื•ืจืงื•ื‘, ื™ื•ื ืก, ืกื•ืคืŸ ืฉืœ ืืฉืœื™ื•ืช; ืžื”ืกื›ื ืžื™ื ื›ืŸ ืขื“ ืชืื™-ื”ื’ื–ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืฉื•ื•ื™ืฅ. ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘, 
ื”ืžื ื•ืจื”, ืชืฉืœ"ื’. ืึท ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืืฑืกื’ืึทื‘ืข ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจืฉื™ื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ 1972. 

{ื˜ื ื ื‘ื•ื™ื): ื˜ื ื ื‘ื•ื™ื, ืžืจื“ื›ื™. ื“ืคื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ื“ืœืงื”; ืคืจืงื™ ื™ื•ืžืŸ, ืžื›ืชื‘ื™ื ื•ืจืฉื™ืžื•ืช, ืžืืช ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื˜ื ื ื‘ื•ื™ื-ืชืžืจื•ืฃ. 
(ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘), ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“, ืชืฉ"ื— - (1947) 

{ื˜ื ื ื‘ื•ื™ื -- ื‘ืงืจ}: ื˜ื ื ื‘ื•ื™ื - ื‘ืงืจ, ื ื™ื ื”. ื”ืื“ื ื•ื”ืœื•ื—ื; ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื˜ื ื ื‘ื•ื™ื-ืชืžืจื•ืฃ ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื’ื™ื˜ืื•ืช. ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ื™ื“- 
ื•ืฉื, ืชืฉืœ"ื“. 

ื˜ืจื•ื ืง ื™. - ืœืื“ื–ืฉ}: ื˜ืจื•ื ืง, ื™ืฉืขื™ื”. ืœืึธื“ื–ืฉืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ; ืึท ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืข ืื•ืŸ ืกืึธืฆื™ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืฉืข ืฉื˜ื•ื“ื™ืข ืžื™ื˜ 
ื“ืึธืงื•ืžืขื ื˜ืŸ, ื˜ืึทื‘ืขืœืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืžืึทืคืข. ื ื™ื•-ื™ืึธืจืง, ื™ื“ื™ื•ืฉื -- ื™ื™ึทืฐืึธ, 1962, 

(ื˜ืจื•ื ืง, ื™. (1962)}: ื˜ืจื•ื ืง, ื™ืฉืขื™ื”. ื’ืขืฉื˜ืืœื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉืŸ (ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืข ืขืกื™ื™ืขืŸ). ื‘ื•ืขื ืึธืก-ืื™ื™ืจืขืก, 
ืฆืขื ื˜ืจืึทืœ-ืคืึทืจื‘ืึทื ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืคื•ื™ืœื™ืฉืข ื™ื™ื“ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึทืจื’ืขื ื˜ื™ื ืข, ืชืฉื›"ื’-1962, 

(ื™ืึทืกื ื™, 1}: ื™ืึทืกื ื™, ื. ืฐืึธืœืฃ. ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ื“ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœืึธื“ื–ืฉ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ื™ื™ื˜ืฉืขืจ ื™ื™ื“ืŸ- 
ืื•ื™ืกืจืื˜ื•ื ื’. 2 ื‘ืขื ื“ืขืจ. ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื‘ืึทื ื“: (ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘), ื™.ืœ. ืคืจืฅ, 1960. 

ื™ืึทืกื ื™, 111: ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื‘ืึทื ื“: ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘, ื”ืžื ื•ืจื”, ืชืฉื›"ื–-- 1966, 

ื•"ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช" -- ื•ืจืฉื”}: ื–ืข ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ืช ืœื•ื—ืžื™ ื”ื’ื™ื˜ืื•ืช. 

ื ื™ึดื“ื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ืช ืœื•ื—ืžื™ ื”ื’ื™ื˜ืื•ืชืŸ: ืฉื ืจ, ืฆื‘ื™ (ืขื•ืจืš). ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ืช ืœื•ื—ืžื™ ื”ื’ื™ื˜ืื•ืช ืข"ืฉ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืฆื ืœืกื•ืŸ ืœืžื•ืจืฉืช 
ื”ืฉื•ืื” ื•ื”ืžืจื“. ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 1951 -- ืืคืจื™ืœ 1960. 221 ื”ืขืคื˜ืŸ. -- ืื™ืŸ ืœืขืฆื˜ืŸ ื”ืขืคื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ื“ืขืจ 
ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ "ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช" (ื•ืจืฉื”), ืื•ื™ืฃ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉ, ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืจื›ื™ื•ื• ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ืœื•ื—ืžื™ ื”ื’ื™ื˜ืื•ืช, ื”ืขืคื˜ืŸ 4, 5, 6, 7, ืคื•ืŸ 


27 


ื“ื™ ืžืึธื ืึทื˜ืŸ ืžืึทื™-- ื™ื•ื ื™ 1942}: "ืขืชื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ 'ื“ืจื•ืจ' ื‘ืžื—ืชืจืช ื’ื™ื˜ื• ื•ืืจืฉื”', ื“ืึธืจื˜, ื–ื–ื™ 34-5, 

(ืœื•ื‘ื˜ืงื™ืŸ!: ืœื•ื‘ื˜ืงื™ืŸ, ืฆื‘ื™ื”. "ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื›ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืžืจื“", ืื™ืŸ: ืกืคืจ ื“ืจื•ืจ. ืขื™ืŸ ื—ืจื•ื“, ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“, ืชืฉ"ื–-- (1947), 
ืขืž' 446-- 508. ืึท ืงืึธืจืขื’ื™ืจื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจื’ืจืขืกืขืจื˜ืข ืืฑืกื’ืึทื‘ืข ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจืฉื™ื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื•ื›ืคึผืึธืจื ืื™ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ 
ืชืฉืœ"ื˜- ื–ืข: ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื›ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืžืจื“. ื‘ื™ืช ืœื•ื—ืžื™ ื”ื’ื™ื˜ืื•ืช ื•ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“ (1979)} 

{ืœื•ื™ืŸ: ืœืฑื™, ืจืื•ื‘ืŸ. "ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืฆื ืœืกื•ืŸ -- ื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื”", ื™ื“ ืœืงื•ืจื, ื›ืจืš ื', ื™ื•ืœื™-ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 1946, ื—ื•ื‘ืจืช ื’-ื“, ืขืž' 
6. | 

(ืœื•ื™ืŸ, ื.}: ืœื•ื™ืŸ, ืื‘ืจื”ื. ืžืคื ืงืกื• ืฉืœ ืžื•ืจื” ืžื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื”; ื’ื™ื˜ื• ื•ืืจืฉื”, ืืคืจื™ืœ 1942---ื™ื ื•ืืจ 1943. (ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘), 
ื‘ื™ืช ืœื•ื—ืžื™ ื”ื’ื™ื˜ืื•ืช ื•ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“, ื—ืฉื›"ื˜ - (1969), 

{ืœื•ื™ืŸ, ืœ.} ืœื•ื™ืŸ, ืœื™ื™ื–ืจ, "ืœื–ื›ืจื•" {ืฉืœ ื™.ืง.}, ืžื‘ืคื ื™ื, ื›ืจืš ื™"ื, ืžืื™ 1946, ื—ื•ื‘ืจืช ื“', ืขืž' 644 -- 649. 

{ืœื•ื™ื ืกื•ืŸ): ืœื•ื™ื ืกื•ืŸ, ืื‘ืจื”ื. ื›ืชื‘ื™ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืœื•ื™ื ืกื•ืŸ. ื›ืจืš ื': ืขืž' 200 -- 203. ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘, ืžืจื›ื– ืœืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ืœื—ื™ื ื•ืš, 
ืชืฉื˜"ื–-(ืชืฉื™"ื˜). 

ื•ึทืœืขืงืกื™ืงืึธืŸ): ืœืขืงืกื™ืงืึธืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื ื™ื™ืขืจ ื™ื™ื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ. ื‘ืขื ื“ืขืจ ื -- ื—. ื ื™ื•-ื™ืึธืจืง, ืึทืœืฐืขืœื˜ืœืขื›ืขืจ 
ื™ื™ื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ ืงืึธื ื’ืจืขืก (ืคืืจืื™ื™ื ื™ืงื˜ ืžื™ื˜ "ืฆื™ืงืึธ"), (1981-1956). 

{ืœืขืฉืฆื™ื ืกืงื™ (1951)}: ืœืขืฉืฆื™ื ืกืงื™ ื™ืขืงื‘. ืขืจื‘ ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ื“ื™ืฉืข ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคื•ื™ืœืŸ 1935---1937, ื‘ื•ืขื ืึธืก- 
ืื™ื™ืจืขืก, ืฆืขื ื˜ืจืึทืœ-ืคืึทืจื‘ืึทื ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืคื•ื™ืœื™ืฉืข ื™ื™ื“ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึทืจื’ืขื ื˜ื™ื ืข, 1951, 

{ืžืืจืง (1954)}: ืžืืจืง, ื‘ืขืจ, ื“ื™ ืื•ืžื’ืขืงื•ืžืขื ืข ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืก ืื•ืŸ ืœืื’ืขืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ื•ื•ืขืจืง. 
ื•ื•ืืจืฉืข, "ื™ื™ื“ื™ืฉ ื‘ื•ืš", 1954. 

ื•ึทืžื™ื™ื–ื™ืœ): ืžืฒึทื–ื™ืœ, ื’ื™ื˜ืœ. "ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ", ื™ื™ื“ื™ืฉืข ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ (ื ื™ื•-ื™ืึธืจืง), ืžืขืจืฅ 1946, ื ื•ืž' 3, ื–ื–' 37-34, 

ื•ื ื™ื™ืฉื˜ื˜: ื ื™ื™ืฉื˜ื˜, ืžืœืš (ืžืœืงื˜ ื•ืขื•ืจืš). ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื•ืžืจื“ ืฉืœ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื•ืืจืฉื”; ืกืคืจ ืขื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ืื–ื›ืจื•ืช, ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘, ื•ืขื“ 
ื”ืคื•ืขืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืกืชื“ืจื•ืช ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, 1947. 

ื•ื ืฉืžื™ืช}: ื ืฉืžื™ืช, ืฉืจื”. "ืœืคืจืฉืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ืžืื•ืจื’ืŸ ื‘ื’ื™ื˜ื• ื•ืืจืฉื”", ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ืช ืœื•ื—ืžื™ ื”ื’ื™ื˜ืื•ืช, ืžืื™ 1959, 
ื’ืœ' 21, ืขืž' 114797. | 

(ืกืืง}: ืกืืง, ื™ืขืœ, "ื”ื’ืžื ืกื™ื” ืฉืœื ื•", ืกืคืจ ื“ืจื•ืจ, ืขื™ืŸ ื—ืจื•ื“, ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“ ืชืฉ"ื–-- (1947), ืขืž' 404, 406. 

{ืกืึทืงืึธื•ื•ืกืงืึท (ืคึผื•ืคึผืก)}; ืฉื™ 0/81522606 ืฉืฉ 2021 ;(2:800201616 ืขืกื•ืž122161 2 1214216 ,262 ,00942ืข52 
.1975 3/21:924024 ,1943 81281260 ,1939 4ื•ื—ื–214216ืง ,02011ื˜08 (0008216/ืก11111 0816816ืก 

1ืกื“ืŸ (ืชืฉื›"ื’)ืŸ: ืกื“ืŸ, ื“ึนื‘. "ื“ืžื“ื•ืžื™ื ื•ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื”ื; ืขืœ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืฆื ืœืกื•ืŸ", ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ืŸ ืœื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ; ืžืกื•ืช ืขืœ ืกื•ืคืจื™ื 
ื•ืกืคืจื™ื. ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘, ื“ื‘ื™ืจ, ืชืฉื›"ื’-- 1963, ืขืž' 45-- 58, 

ื•ึทืกื™ืคื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ-ื”ื›ืฉืจื”}: ืื‘ืŸ-ืฉื•ืฉืŸ, ืฉืœืžื” (ืขื•ืจืš). ืกื™ืคื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ-ื”ื›ืฉืจื”; ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ืข"ืฉ ื‘. ื‘ืจื•ื›ื•ื‘ 
ื‘ืœื•ื“ื–' ื•ื‘ื ื•ืชื™ื”, ืžืืกืฃ. (ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘) ื‘ื™ืช ืœื•ื—ืžื™ ื”ื’ื™ื˜ืื•ืช ื•ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“, ืชืฉ"ืœ- (1970). (ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืง 
ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ, ื–ืข ื“ืขืจ ืขื™ืงืจ ื–ื–' 43, 47, 49, 52-- 53, 85, 93, 114, 142, 144, 182:,163, 189, 204, 219, 
4, 251}. 

ื ืกืคืจ ื“ืจื•ืจ}: ื“. ื’ื•ื˜ื˜ืคืจื•ื›ื˜; ื—. ื”ื“ืจื™; ื. ืจื™ื›ืžืŸ (ืขื•ืจื›ื™ื). ืกืคืจ ื“ืจื•ืจ. ืขื™ืŸ ื—ืจื•ื“, ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“, ืชืฉ"ื– - 
(1947). 

ื•ึธืกึดืคึตืจ ื”ืื’ื“ื”}: ืกืคืจ ื”ืื’ื“ื”; ืžื‘ื—ืจ ื”ืื’ื“ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืชืœืžื•ื“ ื•ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉื™ื, ืกื“ื•ืจื•ืช ืœืคื™ ื”ืขื ื™ื ื™ื ื•ืžืคื•ืจืฉื•ืช ืข"ื™ ื™.ื—. 
ืจื‘ื ื™ืฆืงื™ ื•ื—.ื . ื‘ื™ืืœื™ืง. ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื›ืจื›ื™ื. ื›ืจืš ืจืืฉื•ืŸ: ืงืจืืงื, ืชืจืก"ื—; ื›ืจืš ืฉื ื™; ืงืจืืงื, ืชืจืก"ื˜; ื›ืจืš 
ืฉืœื™ืฉื™: ืื•ื“ื™ืกื”, ืชืจืข"ื -- ืžื”ื“ื•ืจื” ืฉื ื™ื™ื”. 

ื•ืขืง (ืชืฉื™"ื–)}: ืขืง, ื ืชืŸ. "ื ืกื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืฆืœื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื“ืจื›ื•ื ื™ื ื•ืชืขื•ื“ื•ืช ืื–ืจื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืืจืฆื•ืช ืืžืจื™ืงื” ื”ืœื˜ื™ื ื™ืช", ื™ื“- 
ื•ืฉื; ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื™ื“-ื•ืฉื; ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ื‘ืคืจืฉื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ืื” ื•ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืจื”. ื›ืจืš ื', ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ืชืฉื™"ื–, ืขืž' 93-- 111. 


238 


ื ืขืง (1964)}: ืขืง, ื ืชืŸ. "ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ื›ื˜ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ืžืงื•ื", ื“ื™ ื’ืึธืœื“ืขื ืข ืงื™ื™ื˜, 1964, ื ื•ืž' 49, ื–ื–ื™ 35725, 

ื•ืขืง ืชืฉ"ืš)}: ืขืง, ื ืชืŸ. ื”ืชื•ืขื™ื ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ืžื•ื•ืช; ื”ื•ื•ื™ ื•ื”ื’ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื”ื›ื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืžืืช ื ืชืŸ ืขืง (ืขืงืจื•ืŸ). ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, "ื™ื“ 
ื•ืฉื", ืชืฉ"ืš-(1960). 

{ืคืจืื’ืจ (ืชืฉื›"ื’)): ืคืจืื’ืจ, ืžืฉื”. ืืœื” ืฉืœื ื ื›ื ืขื•; ืงื•ืจื•ืช ืชื ื•ืขืช ืžืจื™ ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ืช ื‘ื’ื™ื˜ืื•ืช. ื‘ื ื™ ื‘ืจืง, "ื ืฆื—", 
(ืชืฉื›"ื’). 

ืคืจื™ื“ืžืŸ, ืง.}: ืคืจื™ื“ืžืŸ, ืงืœืžืŸ. "ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืฆื ืœืกื•ืŸ ื‘ื’ื™ื˜ื• ื•ืจืฉื”, 1943 (ืฆืจื•ืจ ื–ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืช)", ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ืช ืœื•ื—ืžื™ 
ื”ื’ื™ื˜ืื•ืช, ืืคืจื™ืœ 1957, ื’ืœ' (18-- 19) 1-- 2, ืขืž' 124-123. ืึธืคึผื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื•ื›ืคืึธืจื ืื™ืŸ: ืœื•ื—ื•ืช; 
ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื•ืจืฉื™ืžื•ืช. ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, "ืื•ื’ื“ืŸ", (ืชืฉื›"ื“) ืขืž' 127 -- 155}, 

(ืคึผืจืขืžื™ื ื’ืขืจืŸ: ;9ืก1615 ืฉืกื•! ,61005ืกืงืŸ 406 //66ืกืง 01 66184ืง10ืกืฅืกืž2 ืž2110660 .{.2.0} 8ืก/3 ,ื–ืกืงืžื•ื ืขืกื–ืข 
.1972 ,2109 ืฅ01816ื˜1ืž 11006604? 

ื ืฆื•ืงืจืžืŸ -- ื“ืคื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ื“ืœื™ืงื”}: ืฆื•ืงืจืžืŸ, ื™ืฆื—ืง. ื™ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื˜ื ื ื‘ื•ื™ื". ืื™ืŸ: ื˜ื ื ื‘ื•ื™ื, ืžืจื“ื›ื™. ื“ืคื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ื“ืœืงื”, ืขืž' 
5, 

ื ืฆื•ืงืจืžืŸ -- ืžื‘ืคื ื™ื, ื™"ืืŸ: ืฆื•ื•ืงืจืžืŸ), ื™ืฆื—ืง: "ืขื–ื‘ื•ื ื• ื•ืฉืœ ื™.ืง.} ื‘ื’ื™ื˜ื• ื•ืจืฉื”", ืžื‘ืคื ื™ื, ื›ืจืš ื™"ื, ืžืื™ 1946, 
ื—ื•ื‘ืจืช ื“', ืขืž' 656, 

ื ืฆื•ืงืจืžืŸ -- ืžื‘ืคื ื™ื, ื™"ื’}: ืฆื•ืงืจืžืŸ, ื™ืฆื—ืง. "ืขื ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืฆื ืœืกื•ืŸ ื‘ื’ื™ื˜ื• ื•ืจืฉื”", ืžื‘ืคื ื™ื, ื›ืจืš ื™"ื’, ืžืจืฅ 1948, 
ื—ื•ื‘ืจืช ื', ืขืž' 30-- 38, 

ื ืฆื•ืงืจืžืŸ-- ืชืฉื›"ื˜}: ืฆื•ืงืจืžืŸ, ื™ืฆื—ืง. "ื‘ื’ื™ื˜ื• ื•ืืจืฉื” ื•ื‘ืžื—ื ื” ื•ื™ื˜ืœ", ืื™ืŸ: ื›ืชื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื, ืชืฉื›"ื˜, ืขืž' 358- 
2 

ื ืฆื™ื™ื˜ืœื™ืŸ, ื. (1963)}: ืฆื™ื™ื˜ืœื™ืŸ, ื. "ืึท ืฐืึธืจื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ", ื“ื™ ื’ืึธืœื“ืขื ืข ืงื™ื™ื˜, 1963, ื ื•ืž' 46, ื–ื–' 
7 9, 

(ืฆ'ืจื ื™ืืงื•ื‘): ืฆ'ืจื ื™ืืงื•ื‘, ืื“ื. ื™ื•ืžืŸ ื’ื™ื˜ื• ื•ืืจืฉื 6.9.1939---23.7.1942. ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ื™ื“-ื•ืฉื, ืชืฉื›"ื˜. 
ืจืขื“ืึทื’ื™ืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื ื—ืžืŸ ื‘ืœื•ืžื ื˜ืœ, ืืจื™ื” ื˜ืจื˜ืงื•ื‘ืจ, ื ืชืŸ ืขืง, ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืงืจืžื™ืฉ. 

(ืงื•ืจื ื™ืื ืกืงื™ืŸ: ืงื•ืจื ื™ืื ืกืงื™, ื™ื•ืกืฃ, "ื‘ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ืœื•ื“ื–'", ืžื‘ืคื ื™ื, ื›ืจืš ื™"ื, ืžืื™ 1946, ื—ื•ื‘ืจืช ื“', ืขืž' 638-- 641. 

ื•ึทืงืึธืจื˜ืฉืึทืง, ืจ.}: ืงื•ืจืฆื™ืืง, ืจื™ื™ื–ืœ (ืจื•ื–'ืงื”). ืœื”ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืืคืจ. ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ื”, ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ืืจืฆื™, (1946). 

(ืงืขืกื˜ืขื ื‘ืึทื•ื!: 206 ืฆืงึทืก1ืกืืกืฅืค2 174151606:41 ืžื– ืคืขื”ืคืคื ,1620 )0 {1866ืฉื ืกืž .26461 ,ืžื–ื˜8ื˜ืžืก160691 
.1971 ืฆืžื’ืงืžื–ืกืก) ืงืžื•ืช108ืกื˜? 016046006) ,(1005620:1) .ืฅื’ื•ืงืกืคืกื•ื•ืžืช 

(ืงืึทืคึผืœืึทืŸ): ืงืคืœืŸ, ื—.ื. ืžื’ื™ืœืช ื™ืกื•ืจื™ืŸ: ื™ื•ืžืŸ ื’ื™ื˜ื• ื•ืจืฉื”---1 ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 1939---4 ื‘ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 1942. (ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘), 
ืขื ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื•ื™ื“-ื•ืฉื, (ืชืฉื›"ื•). 

(ืงืฆื ืœืกื•ืŸ, ื.}: ืงืฆื ืœืกื•ืŸ, ืื‘ืจื”ื. "ืขื ื–ื›ืจื• ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืื—ื™", ืžื‘ืคื ื™ื, ื›ืจืš ื™"ื, ืžืื™ 1946, ื—ื•ื‘ืจืช ื“', ืขืž' 
1-- 628. | 

ื•ึทืงื–ืขืจืžื™ืฉ (1980)}: ืงืจืžื™ืฉ, ื™ื•ืกืฃ (ืขื•ืจืš). ืขืชื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžื—ืชืจืช ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช ื‘ื•ื•ืืจืฉื”. ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ื™ื“-ื•ืฉื, ืชืฉ"ืž. 
ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื‘ืึทื ื“: ืžืึทื™ 1940 -- ื™ืื ื•ืืจ 1941; ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื‘ืึทื ื“: ืคืขื‘ืจื•ืึทืจ.- ื™ื•ื ื™ 1941, 

(ืงืจืงื•ื‘ืกืงื™ (ืชืฉืœ"ื’)}: ืงืจืงื•ื‘ืกืงื™, ืฉืžื•ืืœ. "ืœื•ื— ืชืืจื™ื›ื™ื 1945-1933", ืฉื•ืืช ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืื™ืจื•ืคื”, ืขืž' 515-- 
5 ื–ืข ืœื•ื™ื˜: ืฉื•ืืช ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืื™ืจื•ืคื”. 

(ืจื™ื ื’ืขืœื‘ืœื•ื, 11: ืจื™ื ื’ืขืœื‘ืœื•ื, ืขืžื ื•ืืœ. ื›ืชื‘ื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ. ื‘ืึทื ื“ ืื™ื™ื ืก: ื˜ืึธื’ื‘ื•ืš ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ 
(1939 -- 1942). ืฐืึทืจืฉืข, ื™ื™ื“ื™ืฉ ื‘ื•ืš, (1961). 

ืจื™ื ื’ืขืœื‘ืœื•ื, 111; ืจื™ื ื’ืขืœื‘ืœื•ื, ืขืžื ื•ืืœ. ื›ืชื‘ื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ. ื‘ืึทื ื“ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™: ื ืึธื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืึธืคึผื”ืึทื ื“ืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ (1942-- 
3). ื•ืึทืจืฉืข, ื™ื™ื“ื™ืฉ ื‘ื•ืš, (1963), 


259 


ื ืจื™ื ื’ืขืœื‘ืœื•ื (1)1959: ืจื™ื ื’ืขืœื‘ืœื•ื, ืขืžื ื•ืืœ. {ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ื ืื˜ื™ืฆืŸ. "ื•ื™ ืึทื–ืฑ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ื“ื™ืฉืข 

ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืขืจ", ื‘ืœืขื˜ืขืจ ืคืืจ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข, ื‘ืึทื ื“ 2411 1959, ื–ื–'ื™ 1073, 
{ืจื™ืงืขืจื˜ืŸ: ,861260005 ืžื”ื•ื–ื˜ื”! 01 ื’ื•ื—ื’ื–2! ืก0) 206 ืกืื–ื˜ื 6600640 11 6002 0ื–40ืกืกื˜ืง 

.1963 ,00115ืฐ062ืž841. 

ื ืฉื•ืืช ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืื™ืจื•ืคื”ืŸ: ื’ื•ื˜ืžืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœ; ืจื•ื˜ืงื™ืจื›ืŸ ืœื™ื•ื™ื” (ืขื•ืจื›ื™ื). ืฉื•ืืช ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืื™ืจื•ืคื”; 
ืจืงืข---ืงื•ืจื•ืช---ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช; ืžื‘ื—ืจ ืžืืžืจื™ื, ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ื™ื“ื“ื•ืฉื ืชืฉืœ"ื’. 

ื ืฉื™ื™ื ื˜ื•ืš-- ื™.ืง.}: "ืงืฆื ืœืกื•ืŸ; ื™ืฆื—ืง ื™ื—ื™ืืœ" ืื™ืŸ: ื”ืื ืฆื™ืงืœื•ืคื“ื™ื” ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช, ื‘ืึทื ื“ ื›"ื˜. ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ืชืฉืœ"ื–, ื–ื–' 
2-- 1013. 

(ืฉื™ื™ื ื˜ื•ืš (1978)}: ืฉื™ื™ื ื˜ื•ืš, ื™ื—ื™ืืœ, "ื“ืจืฒึท ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืฆื• ืึท ืจืขืคืขืจืึทื˜ ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ื›ึผืชื‘ื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืง 
ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ", . ื‘ื™ื™ ื–ื™ืš, ื ื•ืžืขืจ 12, ื“ืขืฆืขืžื‘ืขืจ 1978, ื–ื–' 113-- 123. 

ื•ืฉื™ื™ื ื˜ื•ืš (1979}: ืฉื™ื™ื ื˜ื•ืš, ื™ื—ื™ืืœ. "ื–ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขื ืžื•ื‘ืœ ืœื”ืจื™ื’ื”", ืžื‘ืคื ื™ื, ื›ืจืš ืž"ื, ืกืชื™ื• ืชืฉ"ืž, 4-3, ืขืž 
1, ื•ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก "ืคื ืงืก ื•ื™ื˜ืœ"ืŸ. 

(ืฉื™ื™ื ื˜ื•ืš (1982)}: ืฉื™ื™ื ื˜ื•ืš, ื™ื—ื™ืืœ, "ื”ืคืจื˜ ื•ื”ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืคื•ืืžื” ืฉืœ ืฉืœืžื” ื–'ืœื™ื›ื•ื‘ืกืงื™ ('ื™ื“ืืก ืœื™ื“ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืฉืœืžื” 
ื–ืฉืขืœื™ื›ืื•ื•ืกืงื™') ืžืืช ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืฆื ืœืกื•ืŸ - ืžื‘ื ื” ื•ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช", ื’ืœืขื“, ืžืืกืฃ ืœืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ื™ื”ื“ื•ืช ืคื•ืœื™ืŸ, ื›ืจืš ื•', 
ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘ 1982, ืขืž' 185 - 214, 

ืฉื ืจ (ืชืฉ"ืœ)}: ืฉื ืจ, ืฆื‘ื™. "ื‘ืฉื•ืœื™ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื" (ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ื”ื›ืฉืจื” ืขืœ ืฉื ื‘. ื‘ืจื•ื›ื•ื‘ ื‘ืœื•ื“ื–'ืŸ ืื™ืŸ: ืกื™ืคื•ืจื• ืฉืœ 
ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ื›ืฉืจื”, ืขืž' 357 -- 359. (ื–ืข ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸืŸ. 

ื•ืฉืงื“}: ืฉืงื“, ื’ืจืฉื•ืŸ. ื”ืžื—ื–ื” ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื”; ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื•ืฆื•ืจื•ืช. ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ืžื•ืกื“ ื‘ื™ืืœื™ืง, 
(ืชืฉ"ืœ- 1970). 

ื•ึทืฉืจื’ืื™ืŸ: ืฉืจื’ืื™, ืฉ"ื–, ื‘ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ ื—ืกื™ื“ื•ืช ืื™ื–ื‘ื™ืฆื-ืจืื“ื–ื™ืŸ; ืคืจืงื™ื ื‘ืžืฉื ืช ื‘ื™ืช ืžื“ืจืฉื ืฉืœ ืžืื•ืจื•ืช ืื™ื–ื‘ื™ืฆื- 
ืจืื“ื–ื™ืŸ. ืฉื ื™ ื—ืœืงื™ื. ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืชืฉืœ"ื‘ - ืชืฉืœ"ื“. 

(ืฉืจืฉืจื‘ืกืงื”}: ืฉืจืฉื‘ืกืงื”, ื”ืœื ื”. ื”ืคืจืง ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ; ื–ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืžื’ื™ื˜ื• ื•ืืจืฉื”. (ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘), ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“ ื•ื‘ื™ืช 
ืœื•ื—ืžื™ ื”ื’ื™ื˜ืื•ืช, ืชืฉื›"ื— - (1968). 

{ืชื›ืข"ืค-- ืื•ื™ืขืจื‘ืืš}: ืฉื™ื—ื” ืžื•ืงืœื˜ืช ืขื ืจื—ืœ ืื•ื™ืจื‘ืš, ืžื™ื•ื 10 ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 1973. ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ื’ืขืคื™ื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ: 
ื”ืžื“ื•ืจ ืœืชืขื•ื“ ื‘ืขืœ ืคื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื›ื•ืŸ ืœื™ื”ื“ื•ืช ื–ืžื ื ื• ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื” ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื. 

(ืชื‘ืข"ืค.-- ื‘ืจืงื•ื‘ื™ืฅ}: ืจืื™ื•ืŸ ืžื•ืงืœื˜ ืขื ื’ื•ื˜ื” ื‘ืจืงื•ื‘ื™ืฅ ืœื‘ื™ืช ื–'ืœื™ื›ื•ื‘ืกืงื™ ื“ื™ ื˜ืึธื›ื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืœืžื” ื–'ืœื™ื›ื•ื‘ืกืงื™), 
ืžื™ื•ื 29 ื‘ืืคืจื™ืœ 1976. ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ื’ืขืคื™ื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืึทืจื›ื™ื•ื• ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ืœื•ื—ืžื™ ื”ื’ื™ื˜ืื•ืช. 

ื•ึทืชื‘ืข"ืค -- ืจื‘ืŸ (ืคื•ืœืžืŸ)}: ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื•ื” ืจื‘ืŸ (ืคื•ืœืžืŸ), ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื”ื—ื•ื’ ืœื™ื™ื“ื™ืฉ ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื” ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช, 
ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืœื•ื—ืžื™ ื”ื’ื™ื˜ืื•ืช, ืขืž' 25715, 36732, ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ื’ืขืคื™ื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืึทืจื›ื™ื•ื• ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ืœื•ื—ืžื™ ื”ื’ื™ื˜ืื•ืช. 

(ืชื‘ืข"ืค-- ืจื‘ืŸ (ืคื•ืœืžืŸ) -- 11978: ืจืื™ื•ืŸ ืžื•ืงืœื˜ ืขื ื—ื•ื” ืจื‘ืŸ (ืคื•ืœืžืŸ), ื‘ืงื™ืฅ 1978. ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ื’ืขืคื™ื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ 
ืึทืจื›ื™ื•ื• ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ืœื•ื—ืžื™ ื”ื’ื™ื˜ืื•ืช. 


200 


ื–ื•ื›ืฆืขื˜ืœ 


ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืขืจื–ืึธื ืขืŸ, ืขืจื˜ืขืจ, ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ืึทืฆื™ืขืก, - ืคึผื•ื‘ืœื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืฉืึทืคื•ื ื’ืขืŸ* 
ื“ืขื ื–ื•ื›ืฆืขื˜ืœ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืจืื•ื‘ืŸ ื™ืฆื™ื‘ ืื•ืŸ ืขื–ืจื ืœื”ื“ 


ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธื ืก ืฉืึทืคื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื ื“ื–ื ืคื™ืกืœืขืš, 

ื‘ืฒึท ื“ื™ ืฉืึทืคื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ืžืœื—ืžื” ืฐืขืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ืคืึทืจืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืงืœืึทืžืขืจืŸ, ื“ืึธืก ื™ืึธืจ, 

ื“ืขืจ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ืฐืึทืจืฉืข ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื•ื›ืฆืขื˜ืœ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜. ืื•ื™ืš ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื“ืึธ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ ื“ื™ ื ืขืžืขืŸ 
ืื™ื•ื‘ (ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืจืึทืžืข ืื™ื•ื‘) ืื•ืŸ - ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ. 


261 


ืึทื‘ืึทืœืข 615 

"ืื‘ื“ื”" (ืชืจืค"ื”) 100 

ืึทื‘ื™ื’ื™ืœ 387 388 

ืึธื‘ืคืึทืœ 633 

ืึทื‘ืจื”ื (ืึธื‘ื™ื ื•) 200 201 306 385 

ืึทื‘ืจืึทืžืึธืฐื™ื˜ืฉ, ืฉืœื•ื-ื™ืขืงื‘ ื–ืข: ืžืขื ื“ืขืœืข ืžื•ื›ืจ ืกืคืจื™ื 

ืึทื’ืึทืžืขืžื ืึธืŸ 643 

ืึทื’ื’ 454 

ืึทื’ื•ื“ืช-ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ 641 

ืึธื“ื (ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ) 58 

ืึธื“ืขืก 136 139 

ืึทื”ืจืงืข 615 

ืืฑืขืจื‘ืึทืš, ืจื—ืœ 75 76 106 

"ืื•ื™ืฃ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืžืึธืœ" 24 37 115 

ืื•ื™ืฉื•ื•ื™ืฅ 90 | 

ืื•ืžืœืขื’ืึทืœืข ืคึผืจืขืกืข, ืฐืึทืจืฉืข 16 33 39 40 61 63 91 92 
2 117 125 132 629 

ืื•ืžืฉืœืึทื’ ื–ืข: ืื•ืžืฉืœืึทื’ืคึผืœืึทืฅ 

ืื•ืžืฉืœืึทื’ืคึผืœืึทืฅ 84 711 715 

ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืจื•ื ื˜-ื‘ืึทื•ื•ืขื’ื•ื ื’ 15 43 45 61 67 95 98 102 103 
10 

ืื•ืงืจืึทื™ึดื ืข 86 627 691 

ืื•ืจ-ื›ึผืฉื‚ื“ื™ื 329 

ืึธื–ืึธืจืงืขืฐ 60 

ืึธื–ืฉืขืš, ืžืึทื•ืจื™ืฆื™ 107 

ืึทื—ืึธื‘ ื‘ืŸ-ืงื•ืœื™ื” 261 263 264 296 327 329- 333 
5 - 339 341 - 343 345.- 347 350-- 352 354 
5 358 360- 362 364 368 369 

ืึถื—ึธื– 177 

ืึทื—ื™ืชืคืœ 631 

ืึทื—ืจื™ืžื•ืŸ 406 

ืื™ื‘ืœื”ืขืจ, ืคืจื™ื“ืจื™ืš 94 

"ืื™ื•ื‘" (ื“ืจืึทืžืข) 5 24 32 42 70 71 104 151 152 232 
6 498-- 500 610 611 735 736 

ืื™ื•ื‘ (ืกืคืจ) 32 151 152 186 431 497 498 610-- 612 
5 736 

ืื™ื˜ืึทืœื™ืข 435 

ืืฒึทื–ื ืžืึทืŸ, ืฆื‘ื™ 7 

ืื™ื ื“ืขืœืžืึทืŸ, ืืœื—ื ืŸ 190 

"ืื™ืŸ ืงืขืœืขืจืฉื˜ื•ื‘" ื–ืข: "ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืœ" 

ืึทื›ืึทื™ืึท 643 

ืึทื›ื™ืœืขืก 642 

"ืืœื’ื™ื”" (ืชืจืก"ื“) 20 49 99 

ืึทืœื’ืขืžืฒื ืข ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ืกื˜ืŸ 95 

ื.ืœ. ?ืึท ืœื™ืฆืžืึทื ืฉื˜ืึทื˜ืขืจ+ 227 


ืืœื™ืคื– ืคื•ืŸ ืชื™ืžืŸ 517 540 543 544 551 553 556 570 573 
5 - 588 590 -- 592 594 600-- 605 607 -- 609 

"ืืœื™ ืงื™ืจ" (ืชืจ"ืฅ) 48- 50 99 

ืืœื™ืฉืข (ื”ื ื‘ื™ื) 147 480 

ืึทืœืขืงืกืึทื ื“ืขืจ ืžื•ืงื“ื•ืŸ 142 

"ืืžื ื•ืŸ" (ืชืจืฆ"ื–-- ืชืจืฆ"ื˜) 74 

ืึทื ื˜ื™"ืคืึทืฉื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ื‘ืœืึธืง 66 103 

ืึทื ื™ืœืขืฐื™ื˜ืฉ, ืžืจื“ื›ื™ 110 

"ืึท ื ืขื ื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืืฒึทื™ื–ืŸ" (ืึท. ืกื•ืฆืงืขื•ื•ืขืจ) 67 

ืึทื ืงืึธื ืึท 435 

ืึทืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืึท {(ืงืึทืคืข-ื”ืฑื–) 37, 96 

ืึธืกื˜ืฉืขื’ืึท, ืึทื‘ืจื”ื 20 

ืึทืกืคึผืึทืกื™ืึทืŸ 424 

ืืกืชึผืจ (ื”ืžืœื›ึผื”) 444, 455 

ืึธืคึผืึธื˜ืฉื™ื ืกืงื™, ืคึผืจืฅ 109 

ืึทืคึผืœื‘ืฑื 476 

ืึธืงืขื ื˜ืฉืข 118 

"ืึทืจื•ื ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื (ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึทืกื˜ืขื›ืขืจ)" 24 378 - 381 
7 738 

ืึธืจื—ื•ืช-ื—ื™ื™ื ื–ืข: ื’ืจืฉื•ืŸ-ื”ืขื ืขืš ืœื™ื™ื ืขืจ 

ืืจืฅื™ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ 26 27 36 38 50-- 53 56 59 60 64 65 84 
6 0 101 130 140 141 152 167 172 206 209 
4 255 268-- 271 274 276 285 287 289 306 
1 355 367 368 372 377 - 379 433 640 

ืืฉื•ืจ 233 

"ืืฉืจ" (ืชืจืข"ื”) 100 


ื‘ืึธื–ืฉื™ืงืึธื•ื•ืกืงื™, ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื” 38 

"ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืœ" 24 484 485 739 

ื‘ืึทืคึผืจืฒึทื•ื ื’ (ืฆืฒึทื˜ืฉืจื™ืคื˜, ืžื™ื ื›ืขืŸ) 641 

ื‘ืึธืจืึธื›ืึธื•ื•, ื‘ืขืจ 59 

ื‘ืึทืจื˜ืฉื™ื ืกืงื™, ื”ืขื ืขืš 495 

ื‘ืืจื™ 177 

ื‘ืืจื™ืฉื‘ืข 267 

ื‘ื‘ืœ 48 49 152 163 164 232 - 235 237 238 240 243 
5 246 248 255 261 - 263 271 296 -- 298 301 
2 304 - 306 326 334 336 339 343 - 345 348 
1 360 361 364 365 368 369 372 374 406 407 
38 

ื‘ื•ื™ืžืึทืŸ, ืž. 498 

ื‘ื•ื ื“ 15 125 

"ื‘ื—ื•ืจื™ื" (ืชืจืก"ื˜) 50 52 56 100 

ื‘ื™ืึทืœืึธืกื˜ืึธืฆืงื™, ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ 5 

ื‘ื™ืึทืœื™ืกื˜ืึธืง 43 44 98 103 


202 


ื‘ื™ืึทืœื™ืง, ื—ื™ื™ื-ื ื—ืžืŸ 17 33 60 68 73 122 123 125 -- 130 
7 138 204 613 

ื‘ื™ื‘ืึธื•ื•, ื”ืึทื ืก 35 

"ื‘ืฒึท ื“ื™ ื˜ืฒึทื›ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืœ" 232 

ื‘ืฒึทืจืึทื˜ ื–ืข: ื™ื™ึดื“ื ืจืึทื˜ 

ื‘ืฒึทืจืึธืŸ, ื“ื–ืฉืึธืจื“ื–ืฉ 128 

"ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืจื•ืขื™ื" (ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉ) 378 737 738 

ื‘ื™ืช-ื”ืžื™ืงื“ืฉ 140 205 212 232 257 261 267 280 284 
7 312 315 

ื‘ื™ืช-ื™ืชื•ืžื™ื (ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื•ื“ ื“ืึธืžื‘ืจืึธื•ื•ืกืงื™) 71 72 104 105 457 
4 615 

ื‘ื™ืช-ื™ืชื•ืžื™ื (ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืึทื ื•ืฉ ืงืึธืจื˜ืฉืึทืง) 71 73 104 105 614 
15 

ื‘ื™ืช ืœื•ื—ืžื™ ื”ื’ื™ื˜ืื•ืช (ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ืœื•ื—ืžื™ ื”ื’ื™ื˜ืื•ืช) 5 7 12 
2 1 115 117 123 125 132 136 143 150 152 
1 2 228 231- 233 379 441 454 457 475 
9 485 493 498 610 615 619 626 629 633 642 
41 707 708 747 

ื‘ืœืึทื“ืŸ 329 352 353 355-- 357 360 -- 365 369 

ื‘ืœืึธืš, ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ-ืœื™ืคึผืข 36 95 

ื‘ืœื“ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืœื— 517 540 542 543 551 556 560 563.- 
565 

ื‘ืœื•ืžืขื ื˜ืึทืœ, ื ื—ืžืŸ 5 454 632 

"ื‘ืœื™ืžื”" (ืชืจืก"ื“) 99 

ื‘ืœืขื˜ืขืจ ืคืึทืจ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข (ืฐืึทืจืฉืข) 484 485 739 

ื‘ืœืฉืืฆืจ 409 

ื‘ืžืขืœื” (ืชึผืœืžื™ื“ื™ื-ื’ืจื•ืคึผืขืก) 39 

"ื‘ืžืคืงื“ื” ื”ืจืืฉื™ืช" ื–ืข: "ื‘ืžืฆื‘ืื” ื”ืจืืฉื™ื—ืช" 

"ื‘ืžืฆื‘ืื” ื”ืจืืฉื™ืช" 91 108 227 

ื‘ืŸ-ื‘ื•ื–ื™ ื–ืข: ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ (ื”ื ื‘ื™ื) 

ื‘ืŸ-ื’ื™ื•ืจื 415 423 

ื‘ื ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื–ืข: ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ ื‘ื ื™ืžื™ืŸ 

ื‘ืŸ-ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื–ืข: ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ ื‘ืŸ-ืฆื™ื•ืŸ 

ื‘ืขื’ื ืขืจ, ืž. 89 90 110 

ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื”ื”ืจื’ื” (ื—.ื . ื‘ื™ืึทืœื™ืง) 68 613 

ื‘ืขืœื™ืก 293 

ื‘ืขืœืช-ืื•ื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ืขื™ืŸื“ื“ื•ืจ 381 388 390 394 -- 407 409 410 
2++++---ึธ427422 428 430 - 432 436 439 

ื‘ืขืจื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, ื™. 75 

ื‘ืขืจืงืึธื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉ, ื’ื•ื˜ืข-ื’ืึธืœื“ืข 641 

ื‘ืขืจืง, ืงืขื ืขื˜ (ืกืื–ื˜ื ืž860064) 30 93 

ื‘ืจืึธื“ืขืจื–ืึธืŸ, ืžืฉื” 117 

ื‘ืจืึทื ื“, ืงืึทืจืœ ื’ืขืึธืจื’ 92 

ื‘ืจื•ืš ื‘ืŸ-ื ืจื™ื” 263 

"ื‘ืฉื“ื” ืฉื•ื ื" (ืชืจ"ืข) 100 


763 


ื’ืึทืฐื–ืข, ืึทื”ืจืŸ ื‘ืŸ-ืฆื™ื•ืŸ 80 

ื’ืึธืœื“ื‘ืขืจื’, ื—. 475 

ื“ื™ ื’ืึธืœื“ืขื ืข ืงื™ื™ื˜ (ืชึผืœ-ืึธื‘ื™ื‘) 231 232 626 
ื’ื‘ืขื•ืŸ 205 

ื’ื“ืœื™ื”ื• ื‘ืŸ-ืื—ื™ืงื 247 248 292 294 
ื’ื“ืขื•ืŸ ื™ืจื•ื‘ืขืœ 385 439 

ื’ื•ื‘ืขืจื ื™ืข ื–ืข: ื’ืขื ืขืจืึทืœ-ื’ื•ื‘ืขืจื ื™ืข 
ื’ื•ื–ืฉื™ืง, ื“ื•ื“-ื“ื ื™ืืœ 77 89 110 633 
ื’ื•ื˜ืžืึทืŸ, ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ 110 

ื’ื•ื˜ืงืึธื•ื•ืกืงื™, ืืœื™ื”ื• 63 110 

ื’ื•ืžืจ 177 

ื’ื•ืจื“ื•ื ื™ื” 70 232 

ื’ื•ืฉืŸ 140 

ื’ื™ื˜ืขืจืžืึทืŸ, ื™ืฆื—ืง 107 476 477 633 
ื’ื™ืœื‘ืขืจื˜, ืฉืœืžื” 20 74-- 76 106 
ื’ื™ืžื ืึทื–ื™ืข ื–ืข: ื“ืจื•ืจ (ื’ื™ืžื ืึทื–ื™ืข) 
ื’ืœืึทื“ืฉื˜ืฒืŸ, ื™ืขืงื‘ 117 

ื’ืœืึทื“ืฉื˜ืฒืŸ, ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ 117 

ื’ืœื‘ื•ืข 391 392 402 

ื’ืœื™ืœ 26 

ื’ืœืขื“ 386 

ื’ืœืขื“, ืืœื™ 7 

ื’ืœืขื“, ื–ืจื•ื‘ื‘ืœ 26 93 

ื’ืžืจื 685 687 688 

"ืึท ื’ืขื’ืจืึทืžื˜ืขืจ ืกื™ื•ื ืฆื• ืึท ืชึผื ืš-ืึธื•ื•ื ื˜" 24 150 
ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืงื™ื›ืŸ 97 498 
ื’ืขื˜ืึธ-ืคึผืึธืกื˜ 6 

ื’ืขื˜ืข, ื™. ื•ื•. 128 

ื’ื•ื ืขืจืึทืœ-ื’ื•ื‘ืขืจื ื™ืข 39 44 61 63 625 632 651 658 691 
ื’ืขืกื˜ืึทืคึผืึธ 35 37 79 88 
ื’ืขืงืจืฒึทืฆื™ืงื˜ืขืจ ื–ืข: ื™ืฉื•-ื”ื ื•ืฆืจื™ 

ื’ืขืจ 640 

ื’ืจืึธื“ื ืข 46 47 

ื’ืจืึธื›ืึธืฐ 6 40 

ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืจื’ 611 


ื“ืึทืฐื™ื“ืึธืฐื•ื™ื˜ืฉ, ืึทื‘ืจื”ื} 20 

ื“ืึทืฐื™ื“ื–ืึธืŸ, ื™ื–ื™ืืœ 135 142 479 483 
ื“ืึทืฐื™ื“ื–ืึธืŸ, ื™ืฆื—ืง-ื™ื—ื™ืืœ 135 
ื“ืึธืžื‘ืจืึธื•ื•ืกืงื™, ื“ื•ื“ 71 457 614 615 
ื“ืึทื ื™ืขืœืขืฐื™ื˜ืฉ, ื”ืขืจืฉ 72 475-- 483 615 
ื“ื‘ืœื™ื 177 

ื“ื•ื“ (ื”ืžืœืš) 54 176 265 387 642 

ื“ื•ืชืŸ 383 | 
ื“ื–ื™ืขืœื ืึท 34 ื–ืข: ื“ืจื•ืจ-ื”ื—ืœื•ืฅ (ืงืึธืžื•ื ืข) 


ื“ื–ืฉืฑื™ื ื˜ 35 39 94 476 

ื“ื™ืึธื’ืขื ืขืก 142 

ื“ื™ืึทืžืึทื ื˜ ื–ืข: ื“ื™ืžืขื ื˜ 

ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉืœืึทื ื“ 14 | 

ื“ื™ืžืขื ื˜ (ืฐืฒึทื™ื–ื˜ ืื•ื™ืก: ื“ื™ืึทืžืึทื ื˜) 624 

ื“ื™ื ืึทืกื™ 118 

ื“ืŸ (ืฉื˜ืึธื˜) 267 

ื“ื ื™ืืœ (ื”ื ื‘ื™ื) 381 405-- 409 439 

ื“ืขืงืึทืจื˜, ืจืขื ืข 29 

ื“ืจืึทืžืึทื˜ื™ืฉืข ืกื˜ื•ื“ื™ืข (ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉืข) 73 74 202 

ื“ืจืึทืžืึทื˜ื™ืฉืข ืกื˜ื•ื“ื™ืข (ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข) 40 43 63 105 143 190 
1 202 378 379 441 457 736 

ื“ืจืึทืžืึทื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืงืจืฒื™ื– (ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ) ื–ืข: ื“ืจืึทืžืึทื˜ื™ืฉืข ืกื˜ื•ื“ื™ืข 
(ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข) 

ื“ืจื•ืจ (ื‘ืึทื•ื•ืขื’ื•ื ื’) 6 19 38 39 63 66 68 69 73 83 96 103 
4 143117 190 441 479 497 500 614 640 

ื“ืจื•ืจ (ื’ื™ืžื ืึทื–ื™ืข) 26 39 40 43 63 91 190 379 

ื“ืจื•ืจ (ืกืขืžื™ื ืึทืจืŸ) 39 95 190 

ื“ืจื•ืจ (ืฆืฒึทื˜ืฉืจื™ืคื˜) 5 6 39 40 63 70 117 123 125 132 
5 136 190 227 475 479 619 629 641 

ื“ืจื•ืจ (ืงืขืžืคืขืจ-ื’ืจื•ืคึผืข) 84 | 

ื“ืจื•ืจ-ื”ื—ืœื•ืฅ (ืึทืจื›ื™ื•) 7 68 72 108 231 650 

ื“ืจื•ืจ-ื”ื—ืœื•ืฅ (ื‘ืึทื•ื•ืขื’ื•ื ื’) 15 16 19 22 34 37-- 45 60 67 
73 9795 10398 131 190 378 493 
9 642 

ื“ืจื•ืจ-ื”ื—ืœื•ืฅ (ืงืึธืžื•ื ืข) 7 43 70 71 83 104 231 441 498 
614 6416 

"ื“ืจืฒึทื™ ืžืชึผื ื•ืช" (ื™.ืœ. ืคึผืจืฅ) 25 74 202 

ื“ืจืฒึทืฆืขื ื˜ืœ 484 


ื”ืึทืœืžืึทืŸ, ื‘ืขืจื ืึทืจื“ 79 

ื”ืึธืžืขืจ 128 642 

ื”ืึธื ื“ื•ืจืึทืก 89 

"ื”ืึทื ื“ืœ" 5 24 72 73 457 458 464 614 

ื”ื‘ื™ืžื” (ื˜ืขืึทื˜ืขืจ) 378 

ื”ื•ื‘ืขืจื‘ืึทื ื“, ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ 109 

"ื”ื•ื™ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืฉืžืžื•ืŸ" (ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉ) 25 746 

ื”ื•ื™ื–ื•ื•ื™ืจื˜ 618 

"ื”ึฒื•ึดื™ (ืžื–ืžื•ืจื™ ื™ื•ื-ื™ื•ื)" (ืชืจืก"ื“, ืชืจืฆ"ื—) 99 
ื”ื•ื™ื–-ืงืึธืžื™ื˜ืขื˜ืŸ ื–ืข: ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืกืึธืฆื™ืึทืœืข ืึทืœืฒื ื”ื™ืœืฃ 
ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“ ื–ืข: ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“ (ืคืึทืจืœืึทื’) 
ื”ื•ืจื‘ื™ืฅ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืื•ืŸ ืจื‘ืงื” ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ-ืคืึธื ื“, ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื 7 
ื”ื•ืจื“ื•ืก 387 

ื”ื•ืฉืข (ื”ื ื‘ื™ื) 177 350 

ื”ื•ืฉืข (ืกืคืจ) 151 177 179 183 


"ื”ื–ื™ื”" (ืชืจืก"ื’) 23 

ื”ื—ืœื•ืฅ (ื‘ืึทื•ื•ืขื’ื•ื ื’) 19 38 39 59 63 66 68 69 79 82 103 
4 109 651 

ื”ื™ื˜ืœืขืจ, ืึทื“ืึธืœืฃ 18 32 33 44 125 227 228 610 633 

ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ (ื˜ืึธื’ืฆืฒึทื˜ื•ื ื’, ืฐืึทืจืฉืข) 59 80 

ื”ื™ืœื‘ืขืจื’, ืจืึทื•ืœ 91 

ื”ื™ืœืขืจ (ื˜ืึธื’ื‘ื•ืš) 14 

ื”ื›ืฉืจื”-ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื–ืข: ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ-ื”ื›ืฉืจื” 

ื”ืžืŸ 445 454 455 

"ื”ื ื‘ื›ื™ื" (ืชืจ"ืข - ืชืจืข"ื–) 56 100 101 

ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ึดืฉืขืจ ืื•ื ื™ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ื˜ืขื˜, ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ-ืึธืคึผื˜ืฒืœ 91 

ื”ืขื•ืžืจ (ืฆื™ึทื™ื˜ืฉืจื™ืคื˜, ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉ) 52 

ื”ืขื ืจื™ืงืึธื•ื• 479 

ื”ืขืงื˜ืึธืจ 642 

ื”ืขืจืึทืงืœืขืก 642 

ื”ืขืจืฆืœ, ื‘ื ื™ืžื™ืŸ-ื–ืื‘ 73 122 

ื”ืขืจืฉืขืœืข ื–ืข: ื“ืึทื ื™ืขืœืขืฐื™ื˜ืฉ, ื”ืขืจืฉ 

ื™'ื”ืคืจืขื•ืช ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื•; ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื" (ืชืจืก"ื“) 49 99 

"ื”ืงื“ืžื”" (ืชืจืฆ"ื–) ืฆื•: ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืชืจืฆ"ื— 23 47 49 50 57 98 

ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“ (ืคืึทืจืœืึทื’) 7 12 44 68 

ื”ืจ-ื”ื‘ื™ืช 266 

ื”ืจ-ื”ืฆื•ืคื™ื 426 

ื”ืจื•ื‘ื™ืขืฉืึธืฐื• 91 

ื”ืฉื’ื—ื”-ืึทืžื˜ ื–ืข: ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ื”ื™ืœืคืก-ืงืึธืžื™ื˜ืขื˜ 


ืฐืึธืœื™ืŸ 44 

ืฐืึธืœื ืึธืฉื˜ืฉ (ืฆืฒึทื™ื˜ืฉืจื™ืคื˜, ืคึผืฑืœื™ืฉ) 63 

ืฐืึธืœืคืึธื•ื•ืกืงื™, ืž.ื–. 117 

ืฐืึทืกืขืจ, ื”ืขืจืฉ 109 

"ื“ืึธืก ืฐืึธืจื˜ ื’ืขื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ื‘ืขืช ื“ืขืจ ืœืขืจืขืจ- ืžืกื™ื‘ื” ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืกื“ืจ-"ื ืึทื›ื˜, ืชืฉ"ื‘" ื–ืข: "ืขืคืขื ื•ื ื’ ืฆื• ืึท 
ืœืขืจืขืจ-ืžืกื™ื‘ื”" 

ืฐืึทืจืฉืึทืฐืกืงื™, ื™ืงื™ืจ 20 

"ืฐืึทืจืฉืขืฐืขืจ ื›ืจืึธื ื™ืง" 6 24 60 617 

ื•ื•ื™ื“ืžื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืจืึทืžืข "ืื™ื•ื‘" ืคืึทืจ ืคืจืฒึทื™ื ื“ 24 

ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืขืœ 6 11- 13 28 36 71 81 87 89 90 91 92 95 96 
8 117 131 133 454 708 

"ื•ื•ื™ื™ ื“ื™ืจ" 24 63 65 66 68 102 103 625 629 632-- 634 
1 

ืฐื™ื™ืœืึทื ื“, ืคึผ. 75 76 106 

ื•ื•ื™ื™ืฅ 611 

ื•ื•ื™ืœื˜ืฉื™ื ืกืงืึท, ืกื˜ืขืคืึท 71 614 

ื•ื•ื™ืœื ืข 14 15 44 91 97 98 618 631 651 659 

ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ, ืฉืžื•ืืœ 131 

ืฐื™ืขืœื™ืงืึธื•ื•ืกืงื™, ื’ื•ืกื˜ืึทืฐื• 80 479 618 


764 


ืฐืœืึธื“ืึทืฐืข 662 664-- 670 699 704 

ืฐืœืึธื›ื™ 232 

ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ืึทื ื•ืึทืจ-ืงืึทืžืคืŸ (ืœื™ื“ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉ) 25 
ืฐืขื“-ื”ืคึผื•ืขืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืกืชื“ืจื•ืช 44, 68 

"ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืฒึทืฐืœ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜" 5 6 24 228 


ื–ื“ื•ื ืกืงืข ืฐืึธืœื™ืข 640 -- 645 648 

ื–ืฒื™ึทื™ื“ืžืืŸ, ื”ืœืœ 108 231 

"ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื‘ื™ื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื™ื•ืฆืจื•ืช" (ืชืจืฆ"ื•) 101 

ื–ื™ืœื‘ืขืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, ืงื•ื‘ืึทื™ื™ืขืงื‘ 612 

ื–ื›ืจื™ื” (ื”ื ื‘ื™ื) 284 -- 287 

ื–ืฉื™ื˜ืึธืžื™ืจ 139 

ื–ืฉื™ื˜ืึธืก-ืงื™ื›ืŸ, ืฐืึทืจืฉืข 617 

ื–ืฉืขืœื™ื›ืึธื•ื•ืกืงื™, ืžืฉื” ื’ื“ืœื™ื”ื• 641 

ื–ืฉืขืœื™ื›ืึธื•ื•ืกืงื™, ืฉืœืžื” 66 67 69 85 87 88 640 - 643 
5- -648 651 660 662 


ื—ื‘ืจื•ืŸ 385 

ื—ื“ืงืœ 368 

ื—ื•ื•ื” (ืึธื“ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ืก ืฐืฒึทื‘) 347 
ื—ื ื” ื–ืข: ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ, ื—ื ื” 
"ื—ื ื™ื‘ืขืœ" 74 91 108 
"ื—ืคืฆื™-ื‘ื”" (ืชืจืข"ื•) 101 


ื˜ืึธื’-ื›ืจืึธื ื™ืง 31 

"14.8.1942-- ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืง" 5 25 
8 108 708-- 710 741 

- ื˜ืึธื– 74-- 76 106 

ื˜ืึธืจืงืฐืขืžืึทื“ืข, ื˜ืึธืžืึทืก 142 

"ื˜ื”ืจื”" (ืชืจืข"ื’) 100 

ื˜ืฐืึทืจื“ืึท 7 ื–ืข: ื‘ื™ืช-ื™ืชื•ืžื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื•ื“ ื“ืึธืžื‘ืจืึธื•ื•ืกืงื™ 

ื˜ื•ืจื ื™ืึทื ืกืงื™, ื—ื•ื•ื” 7 

ื˜ื•ืจืงืึธืฐื•, ื™ืึธื ืึทืก 108 111 

ื™ื˜ื™ื‘ืขืจ 435 

ื˜ื™ื˜ื•ืก 55 424 

ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืฒึทืš ื–ืข: ืคึผืจืช 

ื˜ืขื‘ืขื ืก, ืฐืึทืœื˜ืขืจ ืฆืขื–ืึทืจืข 88 108 

ื˜ืขื‘ืขื ืก ืื•ืŸ ืฉื•ืœืฅ 844 88 90 109 

ื˜ืขื ืขื ื‘ื•ื™ื, ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื–ืข: ื˜ืขื ืขื ื‘ื•ื™ื-ื˜ืึทืžื-ืจืึธืฃ, ืžืจื“ื›ื™ 

ื˜ืขื ืขื ื‘ื•ื™ื-ื˜ืึทืžืึทืจืึธืฃ, ืžืจื“ื›ื™ 7 16 43 44 63 66 68 69 
2 97 98 103 104 650. 

ื˜ืขื ืขื ื‘ื•ื™ื-ืชึผืžืจื•ืฃ, ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื–ืข: ื˜ืขื ืขื ื‘ื•ื™ื-ื˜ื-ืžืึทืจืึธืฃ, 
ืžืจื“ื›ึทื™ 

ื˜ืจืึทืฐื ื™ืงื™ 88 

ื˜ืจื•ื ืง, ื™ืฉืขื™ื” 7 


ื˜ืจื™ืขืกื˜ 36 

ื˜ืจืขื‘ืœื™ื ืงืข 21 71 78 79 81 83 84 92 93 109 133 615 
3 707 

ื˜ืฉื•ื“ื ืขืจ, ืžืื™ืจ 107 108 


ื˜ืฉืขื ืกื˜ืึธื›ืึธื•ื• 60 


ื˜ืฉืขืจื ื™ืึทืงืึธื•ื• (ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅื™ื”ื›ืฉืจื”) 40 80 97 


ื™ืื•ืฉื–ืึธืŸ, ื‘. 59 

"ื™ืึท ืžืึทืก ืœื™ื“ืœืขืš!" 24 475 479 

ื™ืึทืกื ื™, ื. ืฐืึธืœืฃ 14 94 

ื™ื‘ื ื” 426 

ื™ื“ื™ื•ืฉื 103 

ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช (ืื•ืžืœืขื’ืึทืœืข ืฆืฒึทื˜ืฉืจื™ืคื˜, ืฐืึทืจืฉืข) 63 92 662 

"ื™ื“ืขืชื™" (ืชืจืฆ"ื–) 46 110 

ื™ื”ื•ื 178 

ื™ื”ื•ืึธืฉ -- ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืชึผื "ืš 31 32 94 102 

ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” 26 49 177 179 223 224 246 248 249 269 274 
6 2593 303 318 326 334 336 348 371 
227 

ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื”ืœ 73 

ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื”ืžื›ึผื‘ื™ 213 214 223 

"ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืจื•ืงื“ื™ื" (ืชืจืค"ื“) 202 

ื™ื”ื•ื™ื›ื™ืŸ 231 246 262 

ื™ื”ื•ื ืชืŸ 391 392 

ื™ื”ื•ืฉืคื˜-ื˜ืึธืœ 416 

ื™.ื”.ืง. ื–ืข: ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ื”ื™ืœืคืก-ืงืึธืžื™ื˜ืขื˜ 

ื™ื•ืืฉ 177 

ื™ื•ื“ืคืช 415 420 424 426 

ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ื•ืฉ-ื—ืœื‘ 387 415 416 423 

"ื™ื•ื ืกื’ืจื™ืจ" (ืชืจืก"ื‘) 105 

ื™ื•ื ื’ืขืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื–ืข: ืœื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืฉืœืžื” 

ื™ื•ื ื” (ื”ื ื‘ื™ื) 698 

ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื‘ืŸ-ืžืชึผืชื™ื”ื• 379 381 409 414- 417 420-- 427 
9 738 

ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื“ื™ืœื” ืจื™ื ื” 142 

ื™ื•ืกืคื•ืก ืคืœืึทืฐื•ื™ื•ืก ื–ืข: ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื‘ืŸ-ืžืชึผืชื™ื”ื• 

ื™ื•ืชื 177 

"ื™ื–ื›ึผื•ืจ" (ื—ืœืง ื', ื—ืœืง ื‘) 24 60 70 104 131 613 

ื™ื–ืจืขืืœ (ื˜ืึธืœ) 178 183 

ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ (ื”ื ื‘ื™ื) 49 151 152 175 233 296 305 306 308 
09++ 321320318 326 327 329-- 332 
274 

ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ (ืกืคืจ) 32 

ื™ื—ื–ืงื™ื”ื• 177 


205 


"ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึธื“ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืœืึทื›ื˜" 24 63 68 133 632 642 650 651 
57 

ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ื“ืจืึทืžืึทื˜ื™ืฉืข ืกื˜ื•ื“ื™ืข ื–ืข: ื“ืจืึทืžืึทื˜ื™ืฉืข ืกื˜ื•ื“ื™ืข 
(ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข) 

ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืกืึธืฆื™ืึทืœืข ืึทืœื™ื™ื ื”ื™ืœืฃ 39 76 77 97 484 486 489 
0 498 

ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืคึผืึธืœื™ืฆืฒ 43 88 484 

ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืงืึทืžืคึผืก-ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ืึทืฆื™ืข 43 44 67 69 83-- 85 88 
9 97 103 109 110 707 

ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ-ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ืึทืฆื™ืข 74 76 77 105 106 

ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ื”ื™ืœืคืก-ืงืึธืžื™ื˜ืขื˜ 618 

ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืขืจ ืื™ื ืกื˜ื™ื˜ื•ื˜, ืฐืึทืจืฉืข 6 7 13 63 91 
6 484 498 660 662 707 741 743 

ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืฉืจื™ืคื˜ืŸ (ืฆืฒึทื™ื˜ืฉืจื™ืคื˜, ืฐืึทืจืฉืข) 707 

ื™ื™ึดื“ื ืจืึทื˜ 6 36 37 118 484 

ื™ื™ึดื“ื ืจืึทื˜ -- ืึทืคึผืจืึธืฐื™ื–ืึทืฆื™ืข-ืึธืคึผื˜ืฒืœื•ื ื’ 622 623 

ื™ื™ึดื“ื ืจืึทื˜-ืึทืจื›ื™ื•ื•, ืฐืึทืจืฉืข 107-- 109 231 

ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืœื™ืœ ื–ืข: ื™ืฉื•-ื”ื ื•ืฆืจื™ 

ื™ื™ึทื•ืฐืึธ - ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืฐื™ืกื ืฉืึทืคื˜ืœืขื›ืขืจ ืื™ื ืกื˜ื™ื˜ื•ื˜ 7 618 

ื™ื™ึดืง"ืึธืจ ื–ืข: ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ-ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ืึทืฆื™ืข 

ื™ืขืงื‘ (ืึธื‘ื™ื ื•) 33 162 164 165 169 172 173 191 193 -- 
1 279 409 

"ื™ืขืงื‘ ืื•ืŸ ืขืฉื‚ื•" (ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ) 24 26 191 736 

"ื™ืขืงื‘ ื•ืขืฉื‚ื• (ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ึดืฉ, ืชืจืฆ"ื—) 190 

"ื™ืคื™ื ื”ืœื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ื›ื ืขืŸ" (ืชืจืก"ื•) 202 737 

ื™ึดืคืชึผื— 386 

ื™ืฆื—ืง (ืึธื‘ื™ื ื•) 200 201 433 - 

ื™ืฆื™ื‘, ืจืื•ื‘ืŸ 7 

ื™ืจื‘ืขื 177 

ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื 26 53-- 56 233 240 -- 242 245 247 257 268 
9 305 306 313 - 316 318 336 367 368 373 
9 381 407 415 423-- 425 434 435 644 - 646 
240 

ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืฉื‘ื’ื•ืœื” ื–ืข: ื•ื•ื™ืœื ืข 

"ื™ืจื™ื‘ื™ื" (ืชืจ"ืข) 100 

ื™ืจืžื™ื” (ื”ื ื‘ื™ื) 151 171 262-- 264 282 283 338 362 
21 

ื™ืฉื•-ื”ื ื•ืฆืจื™ 229 230. 

ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ ื‘ืš"ื ืชึผื ื™ื” 293 

ื™ืฉืขื™ื” (ื”ื ื‘ื™ื) 150-- 152 156 160 164 169 189 350 

ื™ืฉืจืืœ-ืขืจื“ ื–ืข: ืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ 

ื™ืชื•ืžื™ื-ื”ื•ื™ื– ื–ืข: ื‘ื™ืช-ื™ืชื•ืžื™ื 


ื›ึผื•ืจืฉ 152 159 
ื›ื™ืœื™ื ืึธืฐื™ื˜ืฉ, ื‘ืŸ-ืฆื™ื•ืŸ 80 


ื›ึผื ืขืŸ 297 381 382 

ื›ืขืœืžื ืึธ 43 625 627 

"ื›ืจืึธื ื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืขืจืฉืขืœืขืก ื˜ื•ื˜" 24 40 476 479 

ื›ึผืฉื‚ื“ื™ื 163 164 

"ื›ึผืชื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื" (ืชืฉ"ื–)- 119471) -- ืขืจืฉื˜ืข 
ืืฑืกื’ืึทื‘ืข 12 91 

"ื›ึผืชื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ืื™' (ืชืฉื˜"ื–-- 1956) ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืข ืืฑืกื’ืึทื›ืข 
3 91 93 640 

"ื›ึผืชื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื" (ืชืฉื›"ื˜-- 1969) ื“ืจื™ื˜ืข ืื•ื™ืกื’ืึทื‘ืข 13 
3 632 640 

ื›ึผืชื‘ื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ (ืขืžื ื•ืืœ ืจื™ื ื’ืขืœื‘ืœื•ื), ื‘ืึทื ื“ 1 76 


ืœืึทื‘ืึทืŸ ื–ืข: ืœืฒื™ื‘ืึธืฐื™ื˜ืฉ, ืึทื‘ืจื”ืก-ืœืฒื™ื‘ 

"ืœืึทื‘ืึทืŸ ื•ื™ืฆื—ืงื™ (ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉ) 25 

ืœืึธื“ื–ืฉ 11 13-- 15 19 35- 38 50-- 52 65 95 96 104 
3 125 252 494 

ืœืื” (ืืžื ื•) 680 

ืœื”ื“, ืขื–ืจื 7 

ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืŸ 60 61 86 88 102 625 632 675-- 677 692 693 
5 699 706 

ืœื•ื‘ืขื˜ืงื™ืŸ, ืฆื‘ื™ื” 20 38 63 70 83 84 707 

ืœืฐืึธื•ื• ื–ืข: ืœืขืžื‘ืขืจื’ 

"ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืจืึทื“ื–ื™ื ืขืจ" 5 11 13 25 64 66 78 83 85 
1 108 640 660-- 663 708 

"ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืฉืœืžื” ื–ืฉืขืœื™ื›ืึธื•ื•ืกืงื™" 5 24 64 66 -- 68 
5 640 641 649 

"ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื’ืขืจ" 24 37 40 226 485 492-- 494 619 

"ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื“ ืคื•ื ืขื ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื”ืจื’ืขื˜ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืึธืœืง" 6 12 13 

615 105 91 90 89 87 85 82 --80 78 7241 7 

"ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืขืœื˜" 24 31 37 60 492 619 620 

ืœื™ื˜ืข 44 58 86 627 691 

ืœื™ื™ื‘ืึธืฐื•ื™ื˜ืฉ, ืึทื‘ืจื”ื-ืœืฒื™ื‘ 85 

ืœื™ื™ื“ื™ ื“ื™ื™ื•ื•ื™ืก-ืคืึธื ื“, ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื 7 

ืœื™ื™ื ืขืจ, ื’ืจืฉื•ืŸ-ื”ืขื ืขืš 661 669 

ืœื™ื™ื ืขืจ, ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ 661 669 

ืœื™ื™ื ืขืจ, ืฉืžื•ืืœ-ืฉืœืžื” (ื“ืขืจ ืœืขืฆื˜ืขืจ ืจืึทื“ื–ื™ื ืขืจ ืจื‘ื™) 12 
7 835 87 88 92 160 640 660-- 662 666 -- 
7 680 695.- 699 701-- 706 

ืœืฒื™ืคึผื•ื ืขืจ, ื™ืฆื—ืง 75 

ืœื™ื ื“ืขืจ, ืžื ื—ื 76 106 

ืœื™ืฆืžืึทื ืฉื˜ืึทื˜ ื–ืข: ืœืึธื“ื–ืฉ 

ืœืขืฐื•ื™, ื–ืฉืึทืง 20 

ืœืขื•ื•ื™ืŸ, ืึทื‘ืจื”ื 109 233 

ืœืขื•ื•ื™ืŸ ืœื™ื™ื–ืขืจ 85 89 90 96 109 110 

ืœืขืฐื•ื™ื ืกืึธืŸ, ืึทื‘ืจื”ื 49 50 99 


206 


ืœืขืžื‘ืขืจื’ 38 44 

ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ื›ึผืชื‘ื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ื™. ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ ื–ืข: ื›ึผืชื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื 
ืœืขืจืขืจ, ื™ื—ื™ืืœ 74 75 106 

ืœืขืฉื ืึธ 14 ื–ืข: ื™ื™ึดื“ื ืจืึทื˜ - ืึทืคึผืจืึธืฐื•ื™ื–ืึทืฆื™ืข-ืึธืคึผื˜ืฒืœื•ื ื’ 


"ืžืึธืžืขื ื˜ืŸ" 25 

ืžืึทื ื˜ื•ืึท 430 433 

ืžืึทืกืœืึทื ืกืงืึท, ืžื™ื ืึท 75 

ืžืึธืจื’ื ืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ, ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ 110 

ืžืึทืจื™ื ืึธืฐืขืจ (ืงืขืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ - ืžืขืจื™ื ืึธืฐืขืจ) 624 
ืžืึทืจืง, ื‘ืขืจ 106 498 743 

ืžืึทืจืงืก, ืงืึทืจืœ 59 

ืžื“ื™ืŸ 386 

"ืžื” ื™ืคื™ื ื”ืœื™ืœื•ืช" (ืชืจืก"ื•) 56 

"ืžื” ื™ืคื™ืช" (ื“ืขืจ ื–ืžืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื‘ืจื™ื™ืฆื—ืง) 55 
ืžื•ืœื›ื•, ืฉืœืžื” 379 381 428 431-- 439 738 
ืžื•ืฃ 271 

ืžื•ืจื™ื” (ื‘ืึทืจื’) 433 

ืžื•ืจืฉืช-ืึทืจื›ื™ื•ื• 91 

ื™ืžื˜ื”" (ืชืจ"ืข) 100 

"ืžื™ืš ืฆื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึทืก" 24 60 71 72 614 615 
ืžื™ื ืกืง ืžืึทื–ืึธื•ื™ืขืฆืง 46 47 

ืžื™ืงืขื ืข 643 

"ืžื ื’ื™ื ื”" (ืชืจืข"ื•) 101 

ืžืขื ื“ืœ ืงืึธืฆืงืขืจ 661 

ืžืขื ื“ืขืœืข ืžื•ื›ืจ ืกืคืจื™ื 33 135 - 140 
ืžืขืจื™ื ืึธื•ื•ืขืจ ื–ืข: ืžืึทืจื™ื ืึธืฐืขืจ 

ืžืฆืคึผื” 257 293 

ืžืฆืจื™ื 59 60 182 184 297 409 680 
ืžืจื“ื›ื™ (ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™) 444 455 

ืžืจื“ื›ื™-ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื–ืฉื‘ื™ืฆืข 661 

ืžืจื™ื (ื”ื ื‘ื™ืื”) 740 

ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื• 59 677 689 

"ืžืฉืคึผื—ื”-ืœื™ื“ืขืจ" 25 492 619 


ื ืึทืฆื™ืึธื ืึทืœืข ื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ืึธื˜ืขืง, ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ืึธืคึผื˜ืฒืœ ืคืึทืจ 
ืจืขืกื˜ืึทืฐืจืึทืฆื™ืข ืื•ืŸ ืงืึธื ืกืขืจืฐืึทืฆื™ืข 91 

ื ื‘ื•ื–ืจืึทื“ืŸ 257 269 273-- 283 286 -- 292 294 

ื ื‘ื•ื›ื“ื ืืฆืจ 247 262 276 277 314 361 - 363 366 369 

ื ื‘ืœ 387 

ื ื•ืกื‘ื•ื™ื, ืฉืœืžื” 497 499 500 

"ื ื•ืคืœ ื•ื’ืœื•ื™ ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื" (ืชืจืข"ื) 100 

ื ื— 65 

ื ื—ืœื 241 


ื ื™ื™ืฉื˜ืึทื˜, ืžืœืš 117 

ื ื™ื ื•ื•ื” 271 698 
ื ืžืจื•ื“-ืขืจื“ 367 

"ื ืก ื—ื ื•ื›ื”" (ืชืจืฆ"ื˜) 202 
"ื ืฉืฃ ื—ืฉืง" (ืชืจืค"ื“) 100 


ืกืึทืงืึธื•ืกืงืึท (ืคึผื•ืคึผืก), ืจื•ื˜ืข 743 
ืกืึทืงืึธื•ื•ืกืงืึท (ืคึผื•ืคึผืก), ืจื•ื˜ืข 743 
ืกื“ืŸ, ื“ื‘ 93 

ืกื•ืฆืงืขื•ื•ืขืจ, ืึทื‘ืจื”ื 11 67 

ืกื™ื™ื, ืฐืึทืจืฉืข, ื“ืขืจ ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ 118 
ืกืžืึธืœื™ืึทื–ืฉ, ื™ื•ืกืฃ 74 75 

ืก"ืก ื–ืข: ืขืก-ืขืก 

ืกืงืึทืœืึธื•ื•, ื–ืœืžืŸ 74 75 


ืขื•ื ื’ื™ืฉื‘ืช ื–ืข: ืจื™ื ื’ืขืœื‘ืœื•ื-ืึทืจื›ื™ื•ื• 

ืขึธื–ื™ื— 177 

ืขื™ืŸื“ื“ื•ืจ 392 394 - 397 399 404 411 413 419 432 

ืขื™ืŸ-ื—ืจื•ื“ 26 

ืขื™ืจ ื”ื”ืจื’ื” ื–ืข: ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื”ื”ืจื’ื” (ื—.ื . ื‘ื™ืืœื™ืง) 

ืขื›ืŸ 679 

"ืขืœ ื”ืจื™ืกื•ืช" (ืชืจืค"ื”) 100 

"ืขืœ ื ื”ืจื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืœ" 5 13 24 32 48 49 70 108 151 152 
1 233 256 295 498 

ืขืœ ื”ืฉื—ื™ื˜ื” (ื—.ื . ื‘ื™ืืœื™ืง) 24 33 123 124 613 

"ืขื ื”ื›ึผื™ื ื•ืจ" (ืชืจืข"ื•) 101 

ืขืžื•ืก (ื”ื ื‘ื™ื) 350 

ืขืžืœืง 386 454 

ืขืก-ื™ืขืก 61 694 

"ืขืคืขื ื•ื ื’ ืฆื• ืึท ืœืขืจืขืจ-ืžืกื™ื‘ื”" 24 60 101 625 626 629 
0 632 739 

"ืขืคืขื ื•ื ื’ ืฆื• ืึท ืชึผื "ืš-ืึธื•ื•ื ื˜" 5 24 41 70 97 144 

ืขืง, ื ืชืŸ 35 36 71 73 74 94 95 614 

"ืขืจื‘" (ืชืจืฆ"ื) 737 

ืขืฉื‚ื• 33 193- 201 279 737 


ืคึผืึทื‘ื™ืึทื ื™ืฅ 641 

"ืคืึทื˜ื™ืžืึท" (ืชืจ"ืค) 117 

ืคึผืึธืœื™ืฆืฒ (ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข) ื–ืข: ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืคึผืึธืœื™ืฆึทืฒ 

ืคืึธืœืžืึทืŸ, ื—ื•ื•ื” 26 91 190 202 

ืคึผืึทืœืขืกื˜ื™ื ืข ื–ืข: ืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ 

ืคึผืึธืœืขืกื™ืข 44 

"ืคืึธืœืงืก-ืžืึธื˜ื™ื•ื• ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ 1940" 24 117 118 120 121 
ืคึผืึธื ืึทืจ 15 98 


267 


ืคึผืึธื ื™ืึทื˜ืึธื• 88 

ืคึผืึธืคึผืึธืฐืขืจ, ืงืึทืจืึธืœ 498 

"ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึทืจืึทื“ ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ื–ืขืœื™ื˜ืฉ" 25 

ืคึผืึทืจืื™ื™ื ื™ืงื˜ืข ืคึผืึทืจื˜ื™ื–ืื ืขืจ ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ืึทืฆื™ืข -- (ืค.ืคึผ.ืึธ.) 97 

ืคึผืึธืจื˜ื•ื’ืึทืœ 436 | 

ืคึผืฑืœื™ืฉืขืจ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืจื•ื ื˜ 89 

ืคึผืฑืœืŸ 15 16 36 38 42-- 45 47 53 54 59 89 90 95 101 
2 379 641 670 678 

ืคึผื•ืขืœื™-ืฆื™ื•ืŸ (ืœื™ื ืงืข) 70 

ืคึผื•ืคึผืก, ืจื•ื˜ืข ื–ืข: ืกืึทืงืึธืฐืกืงืึท, ืจื•ื˜ืข 

"ืคื–ืžื•ืŸ" (ืชืจืข"ื’) 100 

"ืคื—ื“ื™ื" (ืชืจืก"ื’) 49 

ืคึผืฒึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ืจื”... (ืžื™ื ื›ืขืŸ) 641 

ืคึผื™ืœืึทื˜ื•ืก 712 | 

ืคื™ืฉืงืข ื“ืขืจ ืงืจื•ืžืขืจ (ืžืขื ื“ืขืœืข ืžื•ื›ืจ ืกืคึฟืจื™ื) 139 

ืคึผื™ืชื 630 739 

ืคึผืœืึธื˜ื ื™ืฆืงื™, ืคืจื•ืžืงืข 91 

ืคึผื ื—ืกืœ (ื”ืขืจืฉืขืœืขืก ื–ื•ืŸ) 615 

"ืคื ืงืก ื•ื™ื˜ืœ" 28 35 61 79-- 81 85 90 91-- 94 107 110 
1 227 610 650 

ืคึผืขื˜ืขืจืกื‘ื•ืจื’ 139 

ืคืขืœื“, ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” 74 75 106 

"'ืคืขืžื•ื ื™ื" (ืชืจืค"ื”-- ืชืจืฆ"ื–) 53 54 56 100 

ืคึผืขืกืขืก, ื—ื™ื™ื 742 743 

ืคืขืจืœืข, ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข 106 107 

"ืคืขืจืฆื ื˜ืขืจ ืืฑื’ื•ืกื˜ 1942 ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ 

ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืง" ื–ืข: "14.8.1942 ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ 

ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืง" 

- ืคึฟืจืึทื ืง, ื”ืึทื ืก 117 

ืคืจืึทื ืงืจืฒึทืš 131 

ืคึผืจื•ืฉื™ืฆืงืึท, ืื™ืจืขื ืึท 75 

ืคึผืจื•ืฉืงืึธื•ื• 232 

ืคืจื™ื“ืžืึทืŸ, ื–ื™ืฉืข 641 

ืคึทึผืจืก (ืœืึทื ื“) 406 407 738 

ืคึผืจืขื” 172 630 631 739 741 

ื“ืขืจ ืคืจืขืžื“ืขืจ ื–ืข: ื ื‘ื•ื–ืจืึทื“ืŸ 

ืคึผืจืฅ ื™ื™ืœ. 73 74 202 480 481 483 

ืคึผืจืช (ื˜ืฒึทืš) 233 235 237- 239 241 - 243 245 247 
9 254 258 337 368 

ืคึผืฉื™ื˜ื™ืง 46 47 59 

ืคึผืฉื™ืกื›ืข 678 : 

"ืคืชื™ื—ื” ืœืžืกื™ื‘ืช ืžื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืœื™ืœ ื”ืกื“ืจ ืฉื ืช ืชืฉ"ื‘" ื–ืข: 
"ืขืคืขื ื•ื ื’ ืฆื• ืึท ืœืขืจืขืจ-ืžืกื™ื‘ื”" 


ืฆืึธืจืŸ-ืœื™ื“ืขืจ 68 104 632 651 

ืฆื‘ื™ ื–ืข: ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ ืฆื‘ื™ 

ืฆื‘ื™ื” ื–ืข: ืœื•ื‘ืขื˜ืงื™ืŸ, ืฆื‘ื™ื” 

ืฆื“ืงื™ื”ื• 2716 277 363 

"ืฆื• ื‘ื™ืึทืœื™ืงืก ื”ืฒึทื™ืขืจื™ืงืŸ ื™ืึธืจืฆืฒึทื˜" 24 41 70 101 104 
125 

"ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืœื™ื›ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ" 24 202 203 

ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ - ื–ืึทืžืœื‘ื•ืš 125 

"ืฆื•ื 105ื˜ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื•ืจื˜ืกื˜ืึธื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืขื ื“ืขืœืข ืžื•ื›ืจ ืกืคืจื™ื 5 6 
4 41 136 

ืฆื•ืคืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืขืžื” 517 540 542-- 544 551 556 570 -- 572 
6 585-- 588 590-- 592 600-- 605 607-- 609 

ืฆื•ืงืขืจืžืึทืŸ, ื™ืฆื—ืง 10 16 20 38 40 43 45 63 66 70 71 
2- 85 88 89 92 94 95 105 109 110 123 226 
8 475 479 651 

ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื–ืข: ืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ 

ืฆื™ื™ื˜ืœื™ืŸ, ืึทื”ืจืŸ 28 93 

ืฆื™ื™ื˜ืœื™ืŸ, ื”ืœืœ 20 633 

ืฆืขืจ-ืœื™ื“ืขืจ 104 

ืฆืคืช 434-- 436 


ืงืึธืฐื•ื ืขืจ, ืื‘ื 91 

ืงืึธื–ืฉื™ (ืจืึธื’), ืขื•ื•ืึท 75 

ืงืึธืžื™ื˜ืขื˜ ื–ืข: ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืกืึธืฆื™ืึทืœืข ืึทืœืฒื ื”ื™ืœืฃ 

ืงืึทืžื™ื ืกืงืึท, ืฉื•ืœืึท 75 

ืงืึธืžืคึผืœืขื˜ืŸ 37 96 

ืงืึธื ืึธืคึผื ื™ืฆืงืึท ืžืึทืจื™ืึท 484 

ืงืึทืคึผื•ืœื™ืข 139 

ืงืึทืคึผืœืึทืŸ, ื—ื™ื™ื-ืึทื”ืจืŸ 18 92 95 102 132 232 233 

ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ-ืึทืจื›ื™ืฐื•, ื‘ื™ืช ืœื•ื—ืžื™ ื”ื’ื™ื˜ืื•ืช 72 91 93 115 
221:17++2+:::0 222 
1 379 441 454 457 475 479 485 493 498 
6196153+0 626 629 633 642 651 662 747 

ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ, ื‘ื ื™ืžื™ืŸ 707 110 114 716 722 724 726 
7 731 744 745 

ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ, ื‘ืŸืšืฆื™ื•ืŸ 707 710 714 716 117 122 724 
6 727 731 743 745 

ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ, ื‘ืขืจืœ (ื™ืฆื—ืงืก ื‘ืจื•ื“ืขืจ) 7 614 

ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ (ื’ื™ืžื ืึทื–ื™ืข) 37 

ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ, ื—ื ื” 78 615 663 707 710-- 714 717 718 
0--726 728 730 731 743 744 

ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ, ื™ืฆื—ืง -- ืคึผืกืขืฐื“ืึธื ื™ืžืขืŸ ื–ืข: ื.ืœ., ื—. 
ื’ืึธืœื“ื‘ืขืจื’, ื™. ื“ืึทืฐื™ื“ื–ืึธืŸ, ื.ืœ. ืฉื˜ืึทื˜ืขืจ, ืœ. 
ืฉื˜ืึทื˜ืขืจ 


268 


ืงืึทืฆืขื ืขืœืกืึธืŸ, ืฆื‘ื™ 78 83 89 495 633 712-- 717 

ืงืึธืจื˜ืฉืึทืง, ื™ืึทื ื•ืฉ 71 614 

ืงืึทืจื˜ืฉืขืฐ 232 

ืงืึทืจืœืึธืก (ื“ืขืจ ืคื™ื ืคื˜ืขืจ) 437 

"ืงืึทืจืžืขืœื™ืฆืงืึท" 5, 6, 24, 134 

ืงืึธืจื ื™ืึทื ืกืงื™, ื™ื•ืกืฃ 35 39 96 / 

ืงืึทืจืขืœื™ืฅ 58 

ืงื“ืจ 154 

ืงื“ืจื•ืŸ 416 | 

ืงื”ื™ืœื”-ืึทืจื›ื™ื•ื• (ืฐืึทืจืฉืข) ื–ืข: ื™ื™ึดื“ื ืจืึทื˜-ืึทืจื›ื™ื• 

ืงื•ืœื™ื” 48 49 233'- 236 238 239 244 248 250-- 255 
7 261-- 264 269 274 276 282 283 286 -- 288 
0 293 296 302 311 320 326 327 329-- 333 
5 336 338 362 371 

"ืงื•ื ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึทืก" 226 492 493 

ืงื•ืจืฅ 495 

ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื–ืข: ื“ืจื•ืจ-ื”ื—ืœื•ืฅ (ืงืึธืžื•ื ืข) 

"ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื’ืœื•ื™ื•ืช" -- ื˜ืจื™ืœืึธื’ื™ืข 381 

ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ-ื”ื›ืฉืจื” ื‘ืขืจ ื‘ืึธืจืึธื›ืึธื•ื•, ืœืึธื“ื–ืฉ 27 38 59 96 101 
202 

ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ-ื”ื›ืฉืจื”, ื’ืจืึธื›ืึธืฐ 6 40 

ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ืœื•ื—ืžื™ ื”ื’ื™ื˜ืื•ืช 91 

ืงื™ืš (ื’ืขื ืฉืข 14) 105 

ืงื™ืš (ืœืขืฉื ืึธ 29) 70 

ืงื™ื›ืŸ ื–ืข: ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืงื™ื›ืŸ 

ืงื™ืŸ 65 637 

"ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึทืก" 24 71 226 

ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ-ืœื™ื“ืขืจ 71 

ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ-ืงื™ืš (ื’ืขื ืฉืข 12) 73 

ืงื™ืจืžืึทืŸ, ื™ื•ืกืฃ 74 75 106 

ืงื™ืฉื™ื ื™ืขื•ื• 46 99 

ืงืœื™ื‘ืึทื ืกืงื™, ื‘ืจืึธื ื™ืึท 103 

"ื“ื™ ืงืœืœื”" ื–ืข: "ื•ื•ื™ื™ ื“ื™ืจ" 

ืงืขืกื˜ืขื ื‘ืึทื•ื, ืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ 28 101 102 

ืงืขืจืžื™ืฉ, ื™ื•ืกืฃ 5 102 

ืงืจืึธืงืข 35 85 110 

ืงืจื™ื’ืขืจ, ืคืจื™ื“ืจื™ืš 117 


ืจืึทื‘ืึทืŸ, ื—ื•ื•ื” ื–ืข: ืคืึธืœืžืึทืŸ, ื—ื•ื•ื” 

ืจืึทื“ื–ืŸ 662 666 669 670 678 679 688 

ืจืึทื“ื–ื™ื ืขืจ (ืจืึทื“ื–ื™ื ืขืจ ืจื‘ื™) ื–ืข: ืœื™ื™ื ืขืจ, ืฉืžื•ืืœ-ืฉืœืžื” 
ืจืึธื–ื ื”ืขืง, ืฉืžื•ืืœ 190 

ืจืึทื˜ืŸ-ืคืึทืจื‘ืึทื ื“ 44 

ื“ืขืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื–ืข: ืœื™ื™ื ืขืจ, ืฉืžื•ืืœ-ืฉืœืžื” 

ืจื‘ื™ ืขืงื™ื‘ื 706 


ืจื‘ืœื” 276 

ืจื‘ืงื” (ืืžื ื•) 201 

ืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื–ื•ืŸ, ืžืจื“ื›ื™ 98 

ืจื•ื™ื 55 387 424 425 427 435- 437 
ืจื•ืžืงืึธื•ื•ืกืงื™, ืžืจื“ื›ื™-ื—ื™ื™ื 14 35 36 


ืจื•ืกืœืึทื ื“ 14 691 
ืจื—ืœ (ืืžื ื•) 174 680 


ืจื™ื ื’ืขืœื‘ืœื•ื-ืึทืจื›ื™ื•ื• 6 7 63 95 106 484 498 662 707 
708 


{ืจื™ื ื’ืขืœื‘ืœื•ื, ืขืžื ื•ืืœ 63 70 95 107 109 131 233 613 


ืจื™ื ื’ืขืœื‘ืœื•ืžืก ืจืฉื™ืžื•ืช ื–ืข: "ื›ึผืชื‘ื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ", ื‘ืึทื ื“ 1 
ืจื™ืงืขืจื˜, ืฐื™ืœื™ืึทื 30 

ืจืžื” 174 

ืจืขื’ืขื ืกื‘ื•ืจื’ 436 

"ืจืขื“ืข ืคึฟืึทืจ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ื™ืฉืข ืœืขืจืขืจ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ืึทืคึผืจื™ืœ 1942" 61 
ืจืขืžืกืก 630 739 

ืจืฉ"ื™ 443 668 


ืฉืื•ืœ (ื”ืžืœืš) 379 381 388 390 391 393 398-- 402 
4 668 

ืฉื‘ื 507 

ืฉืฐืึทืจืฅ ื™. ื•ื™ 122 123 

ืฉื•ืœืฅ ืคืจื™ืฅ 79 82 83 108 

ืฉื•ืžืจื•ืŸ 172 

ืฉื•ื ืžื™ืช 480 

ืฉื˜ืึทื˜ืขืจ, ื. ืœ. 125 132 134 

ืฉื˜ืึทื˜ืขืจ, ืœ. ื–ืข: ืฉื˜ืึทื˜ืขืจ, ื.ืœ. 

ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื™ืจืžืขืจ 119 

ืฉื˜ืขืจื ื‘ืขืจื’, ื . 75 76 106 

ืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ, ื”ืขืจืฉืขืœืข 75 76 106 

ืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ, ื™ืฉื‚ืจืืœ 20 74-- 76 106 

ืฉื˜ืจื™ื™ื›ืขืจ, ื™ื•ืœื™ื•ืก 133 650 

ืฉื™ื™ื ื‘ืขืจื’ 110 

ืฉื™ื™ื ื˜ื•ืš, ื™ื—ื™ืืœ 90 

ืฉื™ืœื™ื ื’ 108 

ืฉื™ืคึผืขืจ, ื™ืฆื—ืง 107 479 

"ืฉื™ืจ ืœืคื•ืจื™ื" (ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉ) 24 

"'ืฉืœื—-ืžื ื•ืช" 24 442 454 

ืฉืœืžื ืืกืจ 333 

ืฉืžื•ืืœ (ื”ื ื‘ื™ื) 388 391 393 398 402 403 

"ืฉืžืžื•ืŸ" (ืชืจืก"ื’) 49 

ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ื‘ืŸ-ื™ื•ื—ืื™ 416 

ืฉืžืขื•ื ื•ื‘ื™ืฅ, ื“ื•ื“ 98 

ืฉืžืขื™ื” ื–ืข: ืฉืžืขื™ื” ื”ื ื—ืœืžื™ 


269 


ืฉืžืขื™ื” ื”ื ื—ืœืžื™ 234 238 240-- 244 246-- 255 257 
1 - 263 270-- 272 278 - 281 283 288 292 
3 + 311304 320 329 332 337-- 344 
6 347 350 352 362- 364 366 370.- 372 

ืฉืžืขืจื•ืง, ื—ื ื 7 | 

ืฉืžืฉื•ืŸ (ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืจ) 103 

ืฉื ืขืจ-ื˜ืึธืœ 367 

ืฉื ืขืจ (ืฉื ืจ), ืฆื‘ื™ 7 91 95 

"ืฉืคื•ืš ื—ืžืชืš" 24 60 441 625 626 632 

ืฉืคึผื™ื’ืœ, ื™ืฉืขื™ื”ื• 11 

ืฉืงื“, ื’ืจืฉื•ืŸ 101 

ืฉืงืœืึทืจ, ื–. 75 

ืฉืจืึทืฆืจ 49 296 298 299 301-- 305 314 329 352 353 
7 362 364 365 374 


ืฉืจื•ืŸ 271 


ืชึผื”ื™ืœื™ื 54 128 129 265 272 273 387 691 

ืชึผื•ืจื” (ื—ื•ืžืฉ) 630 674 675 683-- 685 687 740'689 

ืชื•ืจืŸ, ื—ื™ื™ื 98 | 

ืชื "ืš 25 26 3331 39- 41 53 54 56 65 143 - 148 152 
9 696 735 

ืชึผื "ืš-ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’ืขืŸ 29 32 94 150 151 156 190 497 
5 736 

ืชึผื "ืš-ื“ืจืึทืžืขืก 34 

ืชึผื "ืš-ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ 34 

ืชืคืืจืช ื™ื•ืกืฃ (ืžืจื“ื›ื™-ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืœื™ื™ื ืขืจ) 661 

ืชึผืงื•ืžื” 73 74 95 

ืชึผืจืฉื™ืฉ 57 


7270 


4 +ืชืกืžืชืกื˜ืกื ืช 106 ื’ื•ื– 14010005 018 01 200106 ืกืž} 101106 10 :5ืž610ืงืก ืกื˜ื˜) 06160000 080086 10 2864 ืž812606180 16 
4)ื—ืกื˜ื‘-1016120 2000116 10 8ืž1ืฅ/1 14096 ืžื•ืกืŸ 10 ื–ืก ,8106 ืžื”ืฅื–ื’/' 106 ืžืก !ื˜ืก 1012 ืžืŸ 2610 4861 800604 
5 601606ื˜100 215 ืฆืก 48818160 06 40 201 0086 1.8126061800 ื–ืžืกืžื–ืกืžื– 1884 406 {ื–ื–ืžืกื–8ืž/8 44/ .00104108408 
8 }0 8016 204 ,8106 'ืž2ืฅื–ื’/' 106 ืžืก 210188 ืžื’ 20218) 101066 6 :ืฅ88101111ืกืง 6146604 2 ืžืก 1016ืช88 ืก} 1ื˜ื˜ 
4 816 .(172006) 9/11601 1080066 ืกื 1943 ,22 2127 ืžืก 220 500(601 ืช18ื˜11000 2 0025 16 4021 108ืฅ6/11ืก 
18 /860060 20 ืฅ/1000091 0162401 ืžื–ื•ืฉื™ /ื–ืกืขื™ 1102 ืคื•ื 2166ื˜169 26 ืžืกื•ืžืื™ ืงืžื•ื–ื˜ืก ,1661 ืž1 /08ืข ื–ืกืž/0ืž2 ืžื–ื•ืช 

.1669 1606 ืคื•ืžืช 48 2064 ,ืก200021 1611028) ืกื} ืž16ืฉ ,0110 106 118ื 1ืžื˜8000 


* 


7 236 01190615ื˜ื˜ 46 ,0190076166 066 141025ื–ืขื™ 001166 5 2120061900 14 /11702 + ื–21/6 219ืกืฅ 1804ืก-ืขื–ื–ื•ื'ืš 
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6 206 ,20010185 {ื–ื–2ืง 226 01/0ื˜ืง 286 1016112001914 1605 106 6ื˜ืก ืกืงื•ืฉ 10 88ืฉื™ ืžื’1ืงืŸ 14221 ืกืช} 01 51886 
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.1,002 01 1116 181ื˜14ื˜ืก 

6 45ื–ืกืขื™ 115 01 1181 1081081ืกืžืกื–ื—ืก 406 ืžื–ืกื–} ื˜ืก ,2152 0 ืžื– ื–2ืกืฅ 221 1151 ืค/8 1ื˜ืก0ืก8 1106 ืฆื–ืกื˜ ืฉื™ืกืžื ืกืฉื˜ 
8 116 .2011102 1046ืื™ 120260018004 6106ืงืŸ ืคื•'} ืงืžื•ึนื–ื˜0 1024 06112/4 2100056 18 16 60106006 0606 ืžื–ืกื–) 
,1940 /ื–2ื˜ืž12 ืชื– ,2152 00 ืž 2111766 ืขื–ื•ืžื–ื”! 115 31007/ .990099ืก1ืง/ืกืž 01 80086 2 2264 /068081 ืขืก 0611060ื˜ื–ืกื˜ืก 
82 06 ืกืงืกื’ ืกืช 85ืขื™ 4001 4021 162066 ืกืž (1ืขืงื’/ ืžื– ื˜ืก ,221680106 10 ืฆื”ื˜ ืคื• 1846 40 ืขื– 10 6601066 ืกื— 
8 .1051 ืฆ201ื˜116610 89/ 6ืคืกืงื–ื˜ืง 1084 107 2214 21/6809 1140 6 ืฅืกืžืกืžื– 01 ื’ื–ื˜ืค 81264016 ืกื} 4044 2060 ืกื–ืกื} 
41 ืžื’ 10 010018/17 61008ื˜ ื–ืกืช 416 116 .ืžื–11ืค 6ื–ืกื˜ื˜ 0/2:82 ืช1 0ืกืกืž11ืกื˜1 01 06ื–ื˜ืกืค 2 ืงื—ื•ืกืชื” 01 080068ืก 
1021526 ืžื– .ืž64002110 01 /86010 216-800001ื˜11ืงืŸ 406 01 2814 85ื˜ื˜ ืฉ018821221000211-ืฅ/0165810021ื–ืงืŸ 200 ,11606ื˜ืก 
6 ืชืกื•ืžืฉืฉ ืช1 516021100 2 ืž1 /2100561 6ืžื˜ืก! 806 ,8080015 216ื˜1ื–ื›ืŸ 106 ืžืกืก/)ืกื˜ ืž1110ืกืง1ืช0ืก 4606 60000046100 ืกืช 
5260141 4 +ื˜ืกื•ื–ืฉ 8ืž1ื–10ื˜} 246ื˜ื•ื–ืงืŸ ืช! 60229/09 ื–ืก 8000018 ืฉืฉืกื 01 ืคืžื•ืชืกืงืก 406 101460ืžืกืงืŸ โ€ 826 ืคืž8ืžื–ื–ืกืข) 
: | .1214ืกื›ืŸ 
6 16 ืžื– 25 ืกืข 48 ,1100 8 /8170061900 16 ืžื– 1166ืกืกืก 0118086 100680000181 2 ,2123 ืžื– 9010611006 ืงืžื•ืชืชื•ืขืกื 
0182012200 106 1068108 4846 ืกื–ืกืขื• 8108 4186 106 ืกืžื–1) 4021 41/ .ืฉื™ื’ืคื–ื’ ืฉืฉ ืชื• 0110168 ืคืžื•ื–ืกืกืžืก1ืง /2:0018 ืกื} 


ืฉ 


1608 180110108 ,ืช1440ื˜ืžืงืกื˜ 6098ืก1 12/8081 ืกืช) 6068 0167 1086 25 ืช8100ืกืง 49 ,ื–ื’02ืœ 0010ืฉืฉืœ 560006 ืกืž} 
80612/00ื˜ 2,102134 486 01 1108 106 8260 ,ืคื–2ืกืฅ !2 ืกื} ืงืž1ื–ื˜0 10016 10004ื–/2 2260 ืกืžืฉื™ 16108068 04 98005ื˜ืกืž} 
6 1010 2706440) ืกื) }0 1116 406 417106 10 9676 ืžืกื ืžืฉ 1804019 106 2/6 48686 -- 01068 0100 ืž}ืฉ ื–ืžืกืžืชืกืขืกืžืช 
6 ืก/481' 220 061010' 01 ืž1910ืฉ01 100196ื˜ 1095 4ืก 1016 486 }ื•ื˜ 00100106 //800058811 8014 00 ืžืก1ืžื˜ื™ 11009ืกื˜ 
.2192 /ื˜ 01 1069 106 01 ืž4060011400 859ื ืช 

46076104 0001081021ื–00 118 200 ืื–ืกื˜ื˜ 8 ืช16217606190 0014 10800600660 021546ืฉ ืžืŸ 8020 10 
1 004016884 106 004016 0819ืกืฅ 1101008051 486 04 2ืž100801 106 }0 0109ืž818ื–06ืžื˜ 10101176 ืž2 4260 8126061900 16 
ืขืก 1101002081 106 10 109000060 ืžืก1ืžืฉ 11604ื˜0 2606121 486 ืฆื˜ ืงื˜ /04080 023 26 2546 ืฉืฉ ืžื• ืฆ68:1 004 ,ื–2ื˜ ืกืช} 
/ืž0001/4010110' 2 ืงืชื•ืžืžื•062 1086 ืž1 ืคื˜ื} 028 1006 .ืฅื–ืก/218 1618 01 6800116006 1002 406 ืก} }1 ืง10ืž88512 
1614 826110406ืก 486 10 16500096 (20102 015 2260 2250 6ื˜104ื˜?10 15 066660ื˜ 

0 534101621 /14561 ืžืŸ 204 6025 ,06100ื–ื˜ืžื– 0612 0616 ,ืคื–ืกืกื ืชื˜ื 2104 ืžืŸ ืžืกืขืก ,109 1024 16096ื˜ืกืž 1186 
6 45 1128460180085 226 181106ื˜ืŸ ืกื ืžืกื–ืงื˜ืค 2 ืช1 1218 2010102 20 ืžืก 024964 ืฉืก1ื˜-114ืกื˜ื™ 4600-100166 24 02226ืก 
4 ,00108ื–ืก51 ,1609 ืžืช2ืกืžืกื–ื˜ื 2454 01 8909ื”ื ืช 400 0021201011266 0210646 1015 .0010 6ื} }0 1001016ื–ืงืŸ 101109 
-114ืกืฉื™ 1605 4:80110021 186 .85006ื˜ืŸ 200 1018 216 ืคึฟืฅื’ืฉ 056ืžืฉ ,6164401 480 206) ืžื• 261161 1000 ,156ื˜00ืก 
2 1010 480016080 1015 582000 ,ืž0681/101010 0295 01 5080016 ืก0} 0601 ืช10020000 9 02/9846ืฉ 8264 , ืฉืกื•ืฅ 
16500096 1061980 186 01 2406 486 100000066 206 00658ืขื˜ 8160060ืก 


320,200 {ื•ื–ื’ื˜ืŸ 
4 1016 00 0008096 ืžื–ืกืž} 16ืกื–ืข 6 25 8/ื–ืกืขื• 015 4246 004 010 ืž16812600180 , ืฆืž46811000 ืžืฉื™ืก 215 40 400010102/ 
8 01 280601 0100141 2 4611066 {10016011 6 ืคื˜ื 1 .108111041025 181ืกืง601} 4646 20004 011009ื˜ 25ืขื™ 06 021/ื˜ 
4 5 6 106 2016 81ื˜ืžืช 00 1084 06010102 ,08011012460 26 40110008 406 04 606 406 10002105 .64ืกืงืŸ 2 25 11296- 8611 
ืช} .ืžื–ื•ึนื 06ื˜2/0 104110108 22/58 ืก} 048 ืช146010100200 01 56086 ืคืชื•ืฉืกื– ืคื•ืช 1801081/08 1001016ื–ืง 01 121467ื– 
8 ืžื–ืžืกืžื– 406 820 4243 106 ืคืขืฅ2/68 /210005 )ื˜ืก ,9ืž/6110 01 /8ืกืฅ 100 18010216 10 0688 {{ืžืก ื–ืกื 06 ,2154 ืื˜ 
.8 16480066 6ื˜44 {ื–ื–ื•ืช} ื–ืกืฆืก 5400ื–2/ืฉ ืž1 01046 ืž16212000190 ืฉืฉืกืž) ืกืฉ 1824 ืคืื–ืกืฉื™ 6ื˜8-ืฅ6ื–ืก} ืกืž} 4 .11ืกื˜ื˜ 
8ื˜ 6080168 1018 820 ืฉ00118101 000914018016 0164 0106 0801081041ืกื–00 ืชื– 26ืž8114 10 4016 ืž066 1476 ืกืฉื™ 0056 
.'ื–ืกื˜ื™ 215 01 610001624ื˜40 480 4/206 0ืก} 

8 10 1939 114502084 ืž08ืช ืžื–ืกื–! :08808ืง 2006141 ืกื˜ื™ ืก1ืž1 6171066 88ืขื• 2580 0 ืžื– ื1ืกืฉื™ 5'ืž217006190 14 
0 60108ื˜ื–1010 22 20466 06 980016 406956 10 .1943 /0ืฉ22990 10 1942 ื–2288006 ื’ืชืก?! 206 :1941 11290202 
2 ืง{ื–ื’ื˜ื–ื˜ืก! ื–10 8476 ืคืžื•ืขืฅืช2 1006ื˜ื™ 6 /600ืกืžืฉ ืฉืกืžื 04 00 ืกืฉืฉ ืžืกื•ืชืฉืฉ 1109ื˜4 0001 476 +ื˜00ืก4 }0 
-286110) 186 ืž1 ืžืก 20108 88ืขื• /2ืžืื™ 08100101108 2208ืง ืฉืก! 2 200 1601 ืžื˜! /1,1606 ืคื’ืชืกืกืง 106 0016 16 ืžืกืžื˜ื˜ 

5 000060118108 168120061900 01106ืง 1015 ืก0} ืž1 .90051201181 15 011009ืง ืกืขื•} 10056 ืžืก0ืฉ066 6418016006 ืกื—'ื“ 
00110121 015 ืช1 220 ืื–ืกืขื™ ืฅื–2ื–ืก10 ืคื•ื’} ืชืž 0048 ,6ื–ื˜680 10 0100/8 20/0 10 406 16ื˜6ืžืก 10 00015ืก214 ืžืก 0110118 
ืช} .ืชื•ืช)ืฉ 84106ื˜(ืž1 206 ืž121122110ืกื›ืŸ 800121 406 806 12ืช1680019 206140) 116 01 18 16 ,(0111102 18 ืกืž ืžืกื /ืฉ .8011 
ืกืชืกืžืขืกืžืกื˜ 8 0000168 12126001800 .142218 100 2821081 {!01/60 ืžื–/2 1080009608 ื–2ื–1110 218 1064ืกืงืŸ 800006 ืกืช} 
1665 01 ื–ืกืžืž8ื˜ 600ืกืงืŸ 406 8ืž008:1 226 421/00 ืž2ืžื–ื–ืกืก) 106 2881056 8ืกื˜01ืกืกื˜ืช1 9ืž0001ื˜ 18โ€ ื–ืก1ื–ื˜ื˜ "ืคืž:ื–ืž8' 
66 2 16806048 00144/0 ืž1 18 /02 06} 01 02/8ืฅ /160-204-006-821 4181 100 2ืž1ื–ื˜6 {ื–ืกืื™ 1118 .ืžืขืคื ืกื–ืกืช 
ื’ื–ืก?1 ืข/69200181 :61100ืง 300040) 2886 /?' 100 ืงืช1ื–ื˜ืก 60101806 018090 06 1' .ืขื–ืกืฉื™ ื–8ืขื•-ืกื–ืง 218 }0 00118081100ืก 
068100108 106 ื’ื–ืกื– /ื–ืกืขื™ 215 ืžื– ืก8ืž008 800 ืขื–ื ื˜ืช1ื–ืžืกืก 01 06018ืข610 106 ืงืž1ืž821ืก 11ื–ืกื˜ื™ 18 14 .1942 |1ื–ืงื’/ 
.ืกื•ืช 8506164 406 226 {ืช8ืžื–ื–ืก1) ืžืกืก0666 608 01 00101684 106 61ืžื˜ 1651ืกืžืกืก 16221 ืกืช} 

0160 448060 28ืขื™ ืคืคืชื•ืžืกื˜ืก 10121ื˜ืก 820 5601811008ืกื–ื›ืŸ 01104110 ื–ืก} 12460121ืช 206 ืคืข18ืงืŸ 406 }0 2411 6ื˜ื•ืกื˜,/ 
0 1/829124600 01 /064 21081 2 10 ืž8801610 1 ,1016 106 ื’ื–ืกื– 806 ืื–ืกืฉ 6ืกื–0ืก11 ื–2ื˜ืฉ-ืกื–ืงืŸ 2126261500'8 26 ื’ื–ืกื–? 
1424 31 ืคืขื’1ืง 100 {0ืก1ื—ืกืง 4184 4021 01 8ื–ืกืขื• /188ื–ืกืงืžื–1 1086 406 ืช! .8108ื–000ืก 4008 ืคื• 0406ื˜66 110 ืžืกื•ืžืฉื˜ 
166180 186 .ืกืžื—ื•8ืกื– 14221 ืก} /6ืกืžื˜ 1721ืฅื–ื˜ืค 106180 01 2820008ื˜ ืกืž} 0464 81200165 20 ,ื˜ืฉืกืขืŸ 206 /206ื’ืŸ 
6 ืกื˜ืชื 4ืกืฅ ื–ืกืช 4068 16 }ื˜ืก ,ื–ืกืฉื™ 4015 400110246 /6184310 01 1806 406 ืžื– 00080104 6000010021 426 101611604021 
ืžืกืžื•ื ืžืกื–ืง /8111 18 6106 (40621:108 406 11016 -1406 11ื˜} 811121100 4116 ื’11ืฉื™ 6621108 01 ืกืžืขืกืก 111ืฉ 1041 61/0040088 


1+/ 


(1943--1940) 142020061900 :112021 + 0 1100089ื˜ื˜ ืขื˜ื•ื’ ืฉืฉ ืกื•ืจื“ 
5261 511 


1 1158 10 110460 017ื˜10615901 25/ 012 14221 186 4018 006/ื˜2 1225/6'4 01 10012?016 ืž310015+ ืกืž 
0) ืž417606190 14 312044 01 ืืขื–ืกืฉ 406 ืขื˜ 11115112160 {101ื˜ื ื˜ 18 1015 .0021ืคื–ืกืงืŸ 200 (260014 0048 -- 0001644 
1663 126 01 4821 200 1200 150021ืกื˜ 015 0060 01 01ื˜8000 6ื˜ื–) 2 ืžืกื˜ืค 15 ืžืก1ืชื˜ื™ ,14461ืฉ ืžื– 206 2194 0 ืžื• (1886 
.3108 108 ืขืก 1101008051 106 140 16800096 01  1000615โ€ 226 ืž1080000 01 ืคืžื–ืก811ืงืŸ 160604108 , ืื™ืคื–ื’ ืขื˜ 

04 14221 106 4019 000066ื–ืง ืž14212606150 /ื–ืกืขื™ 406 ,11 126 1206ืง 2060 0016 04 5120068ื ื–ื˜ืกื–ื•ืก 106 48/ 
.10(151106 4021 2 +6ืกืง 406 }0 ืื–ืกืฉื™ 486 610 1015 .ื–0106 1081081ืกืžืกืชืก 1006/86 ืž1 206 04 ืฆืก 04 1181 10 816ืก 
,ืข5000001 .1216 106 ืžื–ืก1/0 00000100ื–ืง //ื–62 ืกื—} 01 4ื–162 10 8260 ืื–ืกืฉ ืคื•ืช 01 81000018 1021 100801 10 ,81ื–ื™ืŸ 
172 40061 ื–ืžืกื’ืž610ื˜66 115 01 ืขื–ื•ื˜ืžื•08ืก 0151011041 106 ืžื–ืกื–} 66ื˜ืกืžืชืกืฅ 6ื–ืกื˜ื˜ ืกืข 5 01 8115ืง 084086ืกื˜ 
640ื—002) ืกืž 1164 1209 4821 0ืกืžืกืžืž2ืž 16 ื˜ื’ 1 .606081016ืกื–ืงื ื—0ืก 1688 0602016 ืขืกืž} 220 618001466 0028 
6 0 ืžืžื•ืžื– 106 ืชื• 2580012166 18 ืกืžื–2ืช ืคื•0 2060 ืื–ืกืฉื˜ ืžืฉืกืžื 0654 9 162170001900 10027 15 1016 ืž5ื•160ืฆ+ 
8ื˜ื• ,1110 06 10 88ื–ืกืขื˜ 1251 406 01 006 29ืฉ 11 ืž216800980 ืžืกื•ืชื˜ืฉ ,ืžื–ืกืกืง 4015 ื’)1ืฉ ืขื•ื•ื–ื’ื ืชื•ื–ืง 8000121100 05601ื–ืง 
1104 81201002006 1111 148 001446ืกื–ืง20 048 /16206 100 484 ,ื–ืกื˜ืกืฉื•ืกื ,400101 18 11 .0115060ื˜ื˜ 06 10 1181 ืกืช} 
01 281 106 025 14 0021041 0184011041 1061 ืžื– 5ื–ืกืขื™ 206440) 5 2120001900 16 04 211 ืž16ื˜ื™ /12101112111 2 ืงื—ื•ืช221 0181 
,214006 00030166 (/41046 ืžื– ืžืก/11ื˜ ,ื–ื˜ ืก0} 8ืž1ื–ื˜04 0152664ื˜ืง 06 10 1186 100 885ืขื• 4021 ืื–ืกืฉื™ 8 ืž412000180 16 
ืก0111ื˜ /|(0118102 ืื–ืกื˜ื™ 116 01 9016 04 118081211005 ืกื–0ืก11 !ืชื•ื”ืž 000121066 01104/1005ื˜ืง 0960621ืค 0116ืฉื˜ 
. 3100158 ืž1 5246ื–2/ืฉ ืชืŸ 

6 ืžื’ื–ืกื–! ืข650601211 ,99ืž100ื–ืขื™ ืคื•ื 01 ืฆืžื’ืžืช ,ืฆ81ื˜ืกื ืžื˜!51ืกืงืŸ ืž1612600180 01150ื˜ืง 10 6110118 5ื˜ืก1ื–2ื˜ 10652146 
ืฅืžื•2ื ืช ,ืค8ื–ืกืขื˜ 6ื˜4-ืฅ1011 8006 000060/ืง 6 ,ืฉ4ืคื–ื’ืฉืืฉื‚ ืž} .ืžื–ื–ืก} !ืงื•ื–ืกืคื˜ืžื’ืžื– ืž! 500 216 ,206040) ืฉื’5ื–2 ืืœ 
8146 2 ืžื•ึน ืคื˜ 16240060 2206 9011065ื˜ืž102 286440) 021/5920ืฉืฉื‚ 6ืž} 04 8006 2604 286600) 146 ืงืชื•ื–ื˜ืฃ 
1 ืžืค0ื˜ืก! 06) ืž1 216 ืคืื–ืกืฉืฉ 0600 :01810314 ืฉ061ื–4616ืก 10601ื–40601080 ืก10 212/102 ,ืž0151016812110 
.ืฅ/ืช1606 /0/1ื˜ 2006981016 6291 204 016 206 ,846ื–902 ืช1 105110046 

180001176ืกื˜ืŸ 6 ืžื– ืžื–ื•ื ืฉืกื˜ 10 8 ืื–ืกืฉ 22120060800'5 01 ืž88001020ืก ืฆืชื’ ื–ืก} 00000000 ื–ืกื•ื– 4/ 
9ืงื˜ 141641 106 411ืžื˜ ืงื˜ 1939 ืชื• 681ื˜080ืก 5'ืฅ16ืก 106 ื–1ืื™ 108ืžืž0681 ,206060) ืก} 01 206 546ื–2ืฉืœ 0ืก1ืงืฅื˜ืกืกืก 
366 106 89 200110) 6ื™154ื’ืฉื˜ ืก1} ื–ื˜ 6000083106 .1943 ,19 4ื–ืงื’/ ืžืก ืž01880122410) ืงืžื•6ืž712 6180ืก1 ืกืช} 01 
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6 6000 2801 ,1944 ืช1 406 1942 01 ืงึทืชื•ึนืžืžื•2ืง06 ืกื} ืช1 -- 206110) ืก401 ื’ืžืกื–} 660014801008 ืกื—} 01 ืคืžื•ืžืืกืžื– 
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2 1004 102/546 ืชื• 206 1051 ืกืช} ืืช !ื”ืžืฉ .0000/0105 ืกืฉ? 06) 0ืก6ืฉ066 ื˜ืก 0046 021 2116 ืคื”ื–ืชืกืžื 1154 
6 /ืก84 1ืก181ืกื•ื—ืžืช1 ,ืคืชื•ืžืกื ืž 04 2116 2 ืž1 ,51286 ืขื˜ 81286 2ืž11ืข ืชื– ื˜ืก 0811166 88ื˜ื˜ ,116 108 {1ืกื˜1612/1 
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